There is a need to breed and distribute domestic varieties of Lilium Asiatic hybrids because most of the lily bulbs cultivated in Korea are imported from foreign countries. The Lilium Asiatic 'Butter Pixie', 'Mona' and 'Tiny Bee' varieties collected in 2000 had been self-pollinated from 2002 to 2014. In 2016, Lilium Asiatic 'Bright Yellow LiA' was developed as an F1 hybrid whose cultivar was generated by crossing 'L2-17-4' and 'L2-32-5'. It was obtained by 6th generation self-fertilization of the combination 'Mona' x 'Butter Pixie' for the maternal line and 7th generation self-fertilization of 'Tiny Bee' for the paternal line. 'Bright Yellow LiA' was assessed for homogeneity using a regional adaptability test, and was shown to be preferred by consumers from 2016 to 2018. 'Bright Yellow LiA' flowers are yellow and bowl-shaped with a few brown spots. The number of flowers per plant was 4.8, which was relatively more flowers than other cultivars, and the flower diameter was small at 12.7cm. The flower inflorescence was racemose, while the attitude of the longitudinal axis was erect. The plant height was 39.2 cm with 32.9 leaves per plant and 7.5 cm in leaf length. 'Bright Yellow LiA' showed a high preference for gardens because it had a longer flowering period, smaller flower diameter, shorter plant height, and thicker stem than those of the control, 'Tiny Bee'. Moreover, this cultivar has the advantage of being able to reproduce and propagate by seeds since the parents are a pure line. Additional key words: crossing, number of flowers, plant height, preference, self-fertilization


Background: Our ability to diagnose morbidly adherent placenta has changed over the last decade. Ultrasound (USG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or a combination of these modalities are now-adays utilized depending on the availability of expertise and equipment. Ultrasound imaging is popular due to its low cost and accessibility and widely used for the screening of placental location and potential abnormal development. Methods: A total of 69 booked gravid females in third trimester (diagnosed on early ultrasound) having diagnosed placenta previa on ultrasound in current pregnancy were selected. Primigravida females and women having pregnancies complicated by hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiac disease were excluded. All the subjects were underwent colour Doppler USG and the presence or absence of morbidly adherent placenta previa was noted. Colour Doppler ultrasonography findings were correlated with operative findings (taking as gold standard). Results: Mean age was 27.78±2.65 years. USG detected the morbidly adherent placenta in 8(11.59%) women. In USG positive patients, 07 were True Positive and 01 was False Positive. Among 61, USG negative patients, 01 was False Negative where as 60 were True Negative (p=1.000). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of color Doppler ultrasound in antenatal diagnosis of MAP was calculated as 87.5%, 98.36 %, 87.5%, 98.36% and 97.10% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded a higher diagnostic accuracy of color Doppler ultrasound for antenatal diagnosis of morbidly adherent placenta in gravid females having placenta previa.


Edible species bimaculatus Teleogryllus relative in for no longer than about 20 years. Silkworm pupae on account of their widely appreciated nutritional qualities can be obtained fresh at local vendors or in canned form from most supermarkets. Recently when Viagra-like effects of silkworm extracts were demonstrated in male rats, uses of silkworm pupae as material for the pharmaceutical industry have been added to their role as a human food item. Edible crickets, however, find their greatest acceptance as feed for domestic animals like pigs and poultry as well as increasingly farmed fish. The amount of cricket flour as a protein-rich additive to conventional flour types in the baking industry is expected to rise as is the number of farmed crickets and people employed in the cricket farm sector, generally. The total amount of crickets produced currently in Korea is dwarfed by the amount of 10 tons of silkworm pupae annually, of which 2 tons are specifically reared for the purpose of food and feed. To produce approximately 35,000 "beondaegi" 1 ton of mulberry leaf fodder is required, but 200,000 crickets can be reared on the equivalent of 100 kg wheat bran plus 80 kg of corn.


Medieval England has been taken grand as self- sufficient economy on the base of manor for a long time. With sorting out important sources of manor accounts and the in- depth discussion of estate management,the opinion of self- sufficient economy as only a part of meideval development is extensively agreed with. In fact,There is a great progress in the development of exchange economy in England from12 th to 15 th century. As far as reasons,four facors are important. Firstly,Division,especially non- aricultural industries seperating from agricultural sections,provides prime condition for exchange development. Secondly,a complete system of currency is established as a convenient tool of mediation. Thirdly,Both the foundation of various of markets and extensive use of horse stead of cattle as the main means of transport contribute a lot to reduce the distance and time to deal,and therefor,decline the transaction cost. Finally,needs of governance and economy form the source of exchange economy development.


Abstract Foam formation in the eye canthus is well‐known. The presence of foam was observed in 169 office workers in 4 town halls in Copenhagen County compared with 112 control persons from the general population in the same area. The presence of foam depends on age and gender. A significant increase with age was observed in the control population (P=0.0078). In both groups, females had a significantly lower occurrence of foam than males (P=0.0043, P=0.010). This difference was mainly caused by the use of eye make‐up. After correction for age, gender and use of eye make‐up, the prevalence of foam was significantly lower in the office population than in the control population (P<0.0001). Furthermore, low foam formation was significantly correlated to reported subjective eye irritation in the office population (P=0.0074), but not in the control population (P=0.40). Also, significant positive correlation between absence of foam and different degrees of dry eyes (expressed as a combination of premature break‐up of the precorneal tearfilm and lissamine green stained epithelial damage of the bulbar conjunctiva) was found both in the office population and in the control population (P=0.0090, P=0.0034). However, after correction for the more frequent appearance of dry eyes in the office population, foam was still observed significantly less frequently in the office population than in the control population (P=0.0001). It is concluded that the decreased foam formation in the office worker constitutes a key symptom in the development of 'office eye syndrome'. In what way the office environment influences the foam formation is unknown. Possible mechanisms are discussed.


The Gamma Detector Response and Analysis Software - Detector Response Function (GADRAS-DRF) application computes the response of gamma-ray and neutron detectors to incoming radiation. This manual provides step-by-step procedures to acquaint new users with the use of the application. The capabilities include characterization of detector response parameters, plotting and viewing measured and computed spectra, analyzing spectra to identify isotopes, and estimating source energy distributions from measured spectra. GADRAS-DRF can compute and provide detector responses quickly and accurately, giving users the ability to obtain usable results in a timely manner (a matter of seconds or minutes).


The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the bioactive constituents of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of six commonly consumed spices in Nigeria; namely garlic (Allium sativum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), red onion (Allium cepa), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), bird pepper and cayenne pepper; which are two varieties of Capsicum frutescens were investigated. The study also assessed the use of the spices through the administration of a structured questionnaire. Alkaloids was the most abundant phytochemical in ginger (11.13%), bird pepper (12.85%) and red onion (10.25%) while saponins, tannins and flavonoids were the most abundant phytochemicals in garlic (4.50%), cayenne pepper (6.81%) and nutmeg (4.18%) respectively. Although the ethanolic extracts of spices possessed higher bioactive constituents than their corresponding aqueous extracts, the results showed that the selected spices were potential sources of phytochemicals which could encourage their use as dietary supplements especially in the production of functional foods. Onion was the most frequently used spice, though it was commonly consumed as flavouring. Garlic and ginger were used occasionally but mainly for their health benefits. It may be suggested that the studied spices were still under-utilized due to lack of adequate knowledge of their health potentials.


Objective To investigate the changes of P-selectin during traumatic shock by using nitric oxide synthase (NOS) arid L-Arginine (L-Arg). Methods The rats were subjected to traumatic shock model. They were treated with N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (LNAME), Aminoguanidin (AG) and L-Arginine (L-Arg) during resuscitation, and the arterial level of P-selectin was determined with ELISA. Results The P-selectin is low in plasma of normal rats. In traumatic shock group, 30 min arter shock the P-selectin level is insignificantly increased. 60 min after resuscitation, the P-selectin level is significantly increased. In LNAME group, the level of P-selectin is significantly increased at 60 min after resuscitation. In L-Arg group, the P-selectin are significantly reduced at 60 min after resuscitation. In AG gruop there is no effect. Conclusion Arterial P-selectin is increased in during traumatic shock. It is related to the marked microcirculatory perturbation and endothelial dysfunction and reperfusion injury and bacterial translocation during shock. The LNAME and Li-Arg can regulate the level of P-selectin, but AG cannot.


The performance of wireless communication systems in difficult radio conditions needs to be enhanced. More and more systems use indeed advanced antenna techniques to do so. Especially one type of advanced antenna technique, beamforming, is found more and more often and presented as the promising overall answer to increase performance. The theory of beamforming is quite well known since a while, but its implementation was so far considered too difficult, thus realizations only arrived recently. In this article we study the performance of adaptive antenna array beamforming in a reallife outdoor environment.


Atherosclerosis in the carotid artery is a major cause of ischemic stroke and has a strong genetic component. The aim of this study was to identify genetic factors contributing to carotid atherosclerosis. 154 female F2mice were generated from an intercross between LP/J and BALB/cJ Apoe-null (Apoe-/-) mice and fed 12 weeks of Western diet. Atherosclerotic lesions, body weight, and coat color were measured and genotyping was performed using miniMUGA arrays. A significant QTL on chromosome (Chr) 7, named Cath20, and 5 suggestive QTL on Chr 6, 12, 13, 15, and X were identified for carotid lesions. Three significant QTL, Bwfq2, Bw1n, Bwtq6, on Chr 2, 7, and 15 were identified for body weight. Two significant QTL, Chop2 and Albc2, on Chr 4 and 7 were identified for coat color, with Tyr, encoding tyrosinase, being the causal gene of Albc2. Cath20 coincided precisely with QTL Bw1n and Albc2 on Chr7. Carotid lesion sizes were significantly correlated with body weight and graded coat color in F2 mice. Cath20 on Chr7 disappeared after adjustment for coat color but remained after adjustment for body weight. These results demonstrate genetic connections of carotid atherosclerosis with body weight and coat color in hyperlipidemic mice and suggest a potential role for Tyr in carotid atherosclerosis.


The goal of book is to present the theory, algorithms and methods to design the millimeter-wave Gyrotron beam-shaping antenna system (of good metal conductor, e.g., of aluminum or copper) to shape four roughly Gaussian beams of different frequencies into one specified high-quality Gaussian beam at the output of the mirror system. The input beams are from a quasi-optical launcher which converts each of the following mode/frequency pairs into a roughly Gaussian form: TE21,6 (107.5 GHz), TE22,6 (110.0 GHz), TE24,7 (124.5 GHz) and TE25,7 (127.5 GHz). Each of the output beams from the launcher is to be converted into a Gaussian beam with specified waist radius and with as high a coupling coefficient as possible to an ideal Gaussian beam. A design optimization procedure for the mirror system is developed and applied to the case of the four mode/frequency pairs above. The frequencies are specified because they are of interest to General Atomics. The 127.5 GHz frequency is the ITER start-up frequency. In addition, the design obtained is tested by simulation for two other mode/frequency pairs, TE23,6 (112.9 GHz) and TE23,7 (121.5 GHz). The theory, algorithms and methods required in such multi-mode beam-shaping mirror system designs are investigated. These include (1) the iterative phase retrieval technique for phase retrieval from measured magnitude-only data; (2) a theoretical formula developed to evaluate the validity of the image theorem approximation in the cylindrical geometry used during the mirror system design; (3) the Taylor-FFT algorithm developed in this research work for fast computation of the electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering; (4) the newly developed phase gradient phase correction method for mirror surface correction; and (5) the least mean square optimization method, proposed for multi-mode mirror design. Based on our theory, algorithms and methods, a coupling coefficient to the target Gaussian beam greater than 99.99% is achieved for the single-mode designs and an average coupling coefficient up to 99.50% within the window aperture of 88 mm diameter for the multi-mode design. The design has been successfully verified the Method of Moments software Surf3D.


con nitride, etching of SmS and the formation of metallization. Materials and methods. As research methods were used: analysis of scientific and technical literature to determine the method of forming the instrument layer as well as experiment in which the chemical composition of SmS formed on a silicon substrate was determined after exposure to chemical treatment. Results.In the course of the research, the optimal chemical reagents, the materials used and the ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ


Introduction The role of thyroid hormone is vital in the timing and pace of development of central nervous system of our body during intrauterine life and in the early infancy. If there is a deficiency of thyroid hormone, it will greatly influence the growth of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, proliferation of axons and branching of dendrites, myelinization and cell migration. Deficiency of thyroid hormones during neural differentiation results in severe and permanent modifications in the morphology and function of the nervous system, in particular a general slowing of cognitive functions with memory impairment and apathy. [1]


Previously, it was believed that α2-AR in the mammal heart modulate regulatory influence, by ranging presynaptically and regulating the release of norepinephrine. Currently, it is known that α2-AR are present in the smooth vascular muscles, on the presynaptic adrenergic fiber membranes, and on the postsynaptic membranes of myocardiocytes. Further investigation of the functional characteristics of α2-adrenergic receptor subtypes will help to clarify their role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system of the developing organism. We studied in vitro the contractile activity of the myocardium strips. The atria and ventricle strips of rats at different stages of early postnatal ontogenesis were placed in the reservoir with process solution. To solve the set problem, the process solution was added with selective blocker α2A/D-АR (RX 821002), at a concentration of 10 -5 , 10 -6 , 10 -7 , 10 -8 , -10 -9 mol. Contractile force (F) was stated in grams (g). The study of dose-dependent response of myocardial contractile function of the atria and ventricles in rats of different ages to the introduction of α2A/D-adrenergic receptor blocker in the concentration range of 10 -9 -10 -5 has shown that the blockade of the α2A/D-AR subtypes causes multidirectional inotropic effect in animals of different age groups. A multidirectional effect and age characteristics of the blockade α2-adrenergic receptor subtypes may be associated with changes in the synthesis, localization and activity of various receptor structures of the heart.


Pre- and post-burn tree mortality rates, size structure, basal area and ingrowth were determined for four 1.0 hectare mixed conifer forest stands in the Log Creek and Tharp's Creek watersheds of Sequoia National Park. Mean annual mortality between 1986 and 1990 was 0.8% for both watersheds. In the fall of 1990, the Tharp's Creek watershed was treated with a prescribed burn. Between 1991 and 1995, mean annual mortality was 1.4% in the unburned Log Creek watershed and 17.2% in the burned Tharp's Creek watershed. A drought from 1987 to 1992 likely contributed to the mortality increase in the Log Creek watershed. The high mortality in the Tharp's Creek watershed was primarily related to crown scorch from the 1990 fire and was modeled with logistic regression for white fir ( Abies concolor (Gord. and Glend.)) and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana (Dougl.)). From 1989 to 1994, basal area declined an average of 5% per year in the burned Tharp's Creek watershed, compared to average annual increases of less than 1% per year in the unburned Log Creek watershed and in the Tharp's watershed prior to burning. Postburn size structure was dramatically changed in the Tharp's stands: 75% of trees 50 cm were killed by the fire.


Femtocells are low-power user-deployed base stations that operate in licensed spectrum and provide high-quality cellular service in indoor environments. However, there may be severe cross-tier interference between femtocells and macrocells. In this paper, our focus is on downlink traffic channel interference management for macrocell users. We propose a novel interference management scheme in macro-femto cochannel deployment scenario. The femtocell adjusts its maximum transmit power to suppress the cross-tier interference experienced by macro users in its close proximity. Simulation results show that this scheme effectively reduces the interference and compensates the downlink throughput degradation of the macro user. Compared with smart power control scheme based on network listening, the proposed scheme could get a good trade-off between the improvement of macrocell users' throughput and the degradation of femtocell users' throughput.


Objective To evaluate the effects of tears naturale forte eye drops in the treatment of dry eye after LASIK. Methods Forty-five patients(90 eyes)with dry eye at one month after LASIK were enrolled in this study.Subjective complaints,Schirmer I test and tear break-up time(BUT)were observed 1 months after treatment with tears naturale forte eye drops. Results BUT value after use of drug was significantly longer than that before use of drug(4.33±1.47 seconds versus 2.86±1.62 seconds)(P0.05). Schirmer I test value was significantly ascent after use of drug in comparison with before use of drug(7.97±3.48 mm versus 6.14±3.55 mm)(P0.05). Conclusion Tears natural forte eye drops is effective on the dry eye after LASIK.


Background. Worldwide, it has been observed a strong association between severe COVID-19 and with being over 40 years of age, having diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension and/or obesity. We aimed to compare the probability of death caused by COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with comorbidities during three periods defined for this study: first wave (FW), interwave period (IP), and second wave (SW) observed in Mexico City. Methods. We included individuals over 20 years of age. During the FW (symptomatic), the IP, and the SW (symptomatic and asymptomatic), participants were diagnosed using nasopharyngeal swabs. Symptomatic Individuals with risk factors for serious disease or death were referred to hospital. SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined by RT-qPCR in all hospitalized patients. All data were added to the SISVER database. Results. The cohort included 2,260,156 persons (mean age of 43.1 years). Of these, 8.6% suffered from DM, 11.6% from hypertension, and 9.7% from obesity. Of the total, 666,694 persons tested positive (29.5%). During the FW, 82,489 tested positive; in the IP, 112,115; and during the SW, 472,090. Of the infected persons, a total of 85,587 (12.8%) were hospitalized: 24,023 in the FW (29.1% of those who tested positive in this period); 16,935 (15.1%) in the IP, and 44,629 (9.5%) in the SW. Of the hospitalized patients, there were 42,979 deaths (50.2% of those hospitalized), in the FW, 11,964 (49.8% of those hospitalized in this period), during the IP, 6,794 (40.1%), and in the SW 24,221 (54.3%). The probability of death for a hospitalized patient with comorbidities increased across all age groups during the second wave. A significant increase in the fatality rate was observed in individuals without comorbidities as well. Conclusion. The data from this study show a considerable increase in the number of detected cases of infection between the FW and SW. In addition, 12.8% of those infected were hospitalized for severe COVID-19. A high mortality rate was observed among hospitalized patients (>50%), and a higher probability of death in hospitalized patients with comorbidities for all age groups during the SW.


OBJECTIVE To develop a method for determination of carbamazepin,phentoin,phentoin Phenobarbital in serum by HPLC for providing a scientific basis for clinical use of antipeileptic drugs.METHODS serum sample was extracted by 3mL aether,dissolved by mobile phase.Diamonsil C18(250×4.6mm,5μm),was used.mobile phase:Methanol-H2O-Acetonitrile(160∶180∶60),flow rate 1.2ml·min-1.Ultraviolet detection wavelength was 212nm.PB,PT and CBZ were complete internal standard each other.RESULTS The parmeters of PB、PT and CBZ were as follows:tR 5.76、8.56、9.89min;the lowest detection concentration were 1.0、2.0 and 0.5μg·mL-1 respectively.The linear relation was in the range of 5~30、5~30 and 2~15μg·mL-1..The intra-day precision were 3.06%、2.18%、1.86% respectively.The inter-day precision were 1.73%、3.35%、2.13% respectively.CONCLUSION The method is rapid accurate and practical.It can be used as fast method by TDM.


In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate the photonic generation of a multiband signal for sub-THz wireless-over-fibre at up to 100 Gb/s (20 Gb/s in each band) using the full spectrum 220-280 GHz for downlink wireless transmission and an uplink with 10 Gb/s on-off keying (OOK). By using an optical frequency comb generator (OFCG), 5 optical tones spaced by 15 GHz are selected and split into odd and even optical subcarriers modulated separately using 10 Gbaud quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) with Nyquist bandwidth achieved by using root raised cosine (RRC) filter with 0.01 roll off factor. These optical subcarriers are combined and transmitted over 10 km fibre to the remote antenna unit (RAU). The optical bands are then filtered and transmitted separately at the RAU in a wireless channel. The received sub-THz band is down-converted to the IF frequency and digital signal processing is employed at the receiver to measure the BER. The performance is also evaluated to investigate the impact of the uplink on the downlink optical transmission.


In this study, 30 soil samples were collected from 0–5 cm and 15–20 cm depths in the vicinity of the Miduk Porphyry Copper Mine in Kerman Province, southeast Iran. The samples were analyzed for total concentrations of eight potentially toxic elements. The bioavailability of trace elements is determined using sequential extraction analysis. Average concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soil samples are 26.9, 0.49, 56.31, 201.18, 1.77, 45.6, 83.87, and 191.94 mg kg−1, respectively. Also, to assess the bioaccumulation of the analyzed elements, the roots and the leaves of three plant species were sampled and analyzed. The mobility of the analyzed trace elements shows the following decreasing order: Cd > Mo > Ni > Zn > Cu > Cr >Pb> As. The distribution pattern of elements indicates that elemental concentration in Miduk soils is highly influenced by bedrock composition, while soil pollution is mostly affected by ancient mining.


The effects of periodic thermal forcing on the flow field and heat transfer through an attic space are examined numerically in this paper. We consider the case with a fixed aspect ratio of 0.5 and a fixed Grashof number of l.33 x I 06. The numerical results reveal that, during the daytime, the flow is stratified; whereas at the night-time, the flow becomes unstable. A number of regular plumes and
vortices are observed in the contours of isotherms and stream functions respectively. Moreover, the flow appears to be symmetric during the daytime, and becomes asymmetric at the night-time. It is also found that the flow is weaker during the daytime than that at the night-time in the present case, and the calculated heat transfer rate at the night-time is approximately three times greater than the
heat transfer rate during the daytime.


Clidemia almedae, a new species from Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Ecuador is described. The new species is closest morphologically to C. discolor from which it differs in the following characters: larger shrub or small tree with eciliate, larger leaves, long-pedunculate, bracteate inflorescences with sessile flowers congested in dense glomerules and subtended by ovate bracteoles, and larger berries. Diagnostic illustrations and color photographs of C. almedae at the type locality are included. The distributional range of Ossaea quadrisulca is extended to Mesoamerica on the basis of collections from Costa Rica.


The loader problem is a real problem from the logistics technologies. The embryonic form of the problem was proposed and studied by Institute of Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in 1960's. The rapid developments of the modern logistics technologies motivate the presentation and study of the loader problem. The loader problem is a new NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. In this paper we firstly introduce the mathematical model of the loader problem and the restricted case of the loader problem, then, analyze the mathematical properties of the problem, and, finally, provides all optimal solutions for the restricted case of the loader problem.


engineering today is the global energy crisis. According to BP's 2011 Statistical Review of World Energy [1], the worldwide primary energy consumption in 2010 was 503 × 1018 J, which corresponds to an average energy consumption rate of 16 terawatt (TW). Most of this energy is obtained from fossil fuels, with roughly equal parts of oil, coal, and natural gas. Rapid growth of the global population and per capita energy consumption will lead to a considerable projected increase in energy consumption during the next decades. Under moderate assumptions the world energy consumption rate can be forecast to roughly 28 TW in 2050 [2]. Such an increase of the projected energy consumption is in stark contrast with the diminishing availability of affordable fossil fuels. e drastic increase of oil and coal prices in recent years show that the current consumption rate of fossil fuels is pushing the possible extraction rates to its limits. Moreover, the menace of climate change due to the ever-increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere calls for a drastic reduction in our use of fossil fuels. Renewable Energy One possible way to address this looming energy crisis is by greatly increasing the use of renewable energy sources like wind, hydro or solar energy. Amongst all those sustainable energy sources, by far the largest resource is the sun. In one hour, about 430 × 1018 J of solar energy strike the earth, a quantity which is comparable to all the energy which the world is currently consuming in one year. In spite of such a great potential, only a very small fraction of today's energy is provided by the sun, mostly in the form of fuels from biomass. Two main reasons for the low utilization of the sun's potential are the prohibitively large cost of current photovoltaic technologies and the intermittent nature of sunshine. e issue of the high cost of photovoltaic electricity is generally recognized as a major hurdle for the widespread use of this technology. Traditional photovoltaic panels are usually based on silicon p-n junctions or on thin films of CdTe, a semiconductor.Such panels have seen a strong reduction in price in recent years, mainly due to mass production and the availability of large quantities of pure silicon as raw material. In spite of such progress, the adaptation of this


When sewage is untreated and is discharged into any water course will be effected severely. Sewage which has many pathogens and is rich in organic matter and high BOD when released into water course the dissolved oxygen of the stream decreases drastically which effects flora and fauna of the stream and also makes the water unfit for any purpose. Visakhapatnam is a city where nearly 18 lakh (384 per km2) (Eenadu, dated on 1st April) people resides. The day – to – day sewage which generates in the city has been collected and treated in the municipal sewage treatment plants at Appugar, Port area, Old town and Mudarsalova. Where Appugar plant holds 25 MLD, Port area plant holds 10 MLD, Old town plant holds 38MLD and Mudarsalova plant holds 13MLD of sewage of Visakhapatnam. The sewage treatment plants are not enough to hold the existing huge volume of sewage that is generated in the city. People and tourists are attracted more towards locations like Lumbini Park, Tenneti Park, Tourists Resorts located along the Beach and make frequent visits to those places. Aim of this study is to estimate physico-chemical and biological parameters of the sewage samples from different sewage disposal points along the coast of Visakhapatnam and to identify that objectionable parameters of the sewage ,which should be minimized before it is being disposed off.


The MHD effect on liquid metal free surface jet flows under magnetic field has been investigated.The stability of the jet flows under strong magnetic field was explained with its velocity,induced potential and current.The numerical results are in agreement with the analysis ones.


Privatisation was clearly the most significant change in Britain's industrial policy since nationalisation. The privatisation and liberalising moves of the late 1980s had a big impact on the energy industries since they included two large energy utilities. But how important were the change in the energy industries in the context of the UK economy? Is their impact likely to be significant to spill over into a favourable effect on Britain's economic performance? In discussing this issue, I begin with the situation which existed before liberalisation so we can appreciate the scale of the potential gains. Then I discuss the extent to which the liberalisation took place. Finally, I consider the impact of liberalisation.


The axial and radial powder movements during the compaction process were investigated using flat- and curved-face punches for the case of single-ended axial strain applications. The density distributions in microcrystalline cellulose tablets were determined experimentally using a colored layer technique and digital image analysis. Nondestructive topography measurements were taken to assess the variation in surface roughness of the tablets and relate this to the forming pressure and density distribution. Results showed that the tablets produced were highly nonhomogeneous with high density regions in the "top corners" (adjacent to the moving punch surface) and "middle bottom half" for the flat-face tablets. For instance, at 92.7 MPa, density values were recorded at greater than 1.2 g/cc in the high density regions and greater than 0.6 g/cc in low density regions with regards to experimental results. High density regions were noted in the corners where the powder was in contact with the die wall for the curved-face tablets; both axial and radial powder movement was seen to be taking place. Surface topography and surface form results also showed that the geometric location of the corresponding surfaces of the tablets were relocated after the compaction process due to elastic recoil and stress relief.


BACKGROUND Agent-based models assign behaviors to individuals based on demographic, socioeconomic, and location-based characteristics of the overall population. However, data at a sufficiently detailed individual-level are seldom available. In support of the Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study (MIDAS) funded by the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), RTI is employing existing tools (developed for the TranSims transportation model developed at Los Alamos National Lab) and new methods to generate a nationwide synthesized agent database that represents the entire U.S. 2000 population and includes the assignments of agents to schools and workplaces as appropriate.


Background: The rhesus blood group antigen system is important in transfusion and clinical medicine, being involved in hemolytic disease of the newborn, transfusion reactions and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Despite the widespread use of rhesus immunoglobulin prophylaxis in rhesus D (RhD)-negative mothers, rhesus immunization still occurs. Knowledge of the RhD status of the fetus is important in the clinical management, because no further diagnosis or therapeutic procedures are necessary if the fetus is RhD-negative. RhD antigen can be detected using a sensitive PCR-based assay. It was shown that RhD negative individuals lack the RhD gene.
Methods: We obtained 5ml blood samples from thirty eight RhD positive and negative blood donors, as controls and forty chorionic villus samples (CVS) from pregnant women at 8 to 12 weeks of gestation.
DNA was extracted from CVS by standard salting out and blood DNA was extracted by boiling procedure. DNA amplification (heminested-PCR) was carried out with appropriate primers.
Results: PCR products were analyzed on an agarose gel. RhD gene determined in all CV samples.


This is a short, simple tale of the very remarkable work done by the brothers Arthur and Ernest Neve and their native assistants. The Neves are both distinguished Edinburgh students, Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, and operating surgeons of large experience. The work that they do in Kashmir is enormous in amount, and admirably successful. Seven hundred and forty-two (742) surgical in-patients were treated in 1894, with only 5 deaths, while no less than 2672 operations were performed on patients both in the wards and in the dispensary. Two hundred and eleven tumours of various kinds were excised, with only one death,?a case of malignant tumour of abdomen involving the peritoneum. Extraordinary economy in surgical dressing is not incompatible with efficiency; and a bed in the Kashmir Hospital can be kept going for a year for three guineas,?a striking contrast to the ?50 or ?60


Intensive livestock farming has been linked to excessive pollution and contamination of land, water and air. A common body of knowledge is required in order to understand and assess this impact of agriculture, and take proper countermeasures with a focus on the sustainability and the protection of the physical environment, affecting agricultural productivity as little as possible. In this paper, we examine the problem of the environmental impact of livestock agriculture, targeting animal manure, which is a serious problem in various territories of Europe and the USA. Aiming to address this problem, we have developed AgriBigCAT, an online software platform that uses geophysical information from various diverse sources, employing geospatial and big data analysis, together with web technologies, in order to estimate the impact of the livestock agricultural sector on the environment, examining possible pollution of land, water and air, considering various scenarios and potential applications to mitigate the problem. The AgriBigCAT platform can assist both the farmers' decision-making processes and the administration planning and policy making, with the ultimate objective of meeting the challenge of increasing food production at a lower environmental impact.


The invention discloses a vehicle controller and a signal processing method and signal processing device thereof. The processing method comprises the following steps of collecting the state signal of a vehicle, and performing electrostatic protection treatment on the state signal; obtaining the voltage value of the state signal after electrostatic protection treatment, performing voltage division treatment on the processed state signal according to the voltage value of the state signal; and transmitting the state signal after voltage division treatment to an A/D translating channel of the vehicle controller. According to the signal processing method disclosed by the invention, varied input signals can be collected; the purpose that a platform is shared by a plurality of vehicle types, so that the development cost of the vehicle controller is reduced is realized; the construction of the electronic control units of the vehicle controller can be simplified; the usage quantity of components is reduced and the failure probability is reduced.


To counter the development of ion_type RE in Gannan area, and according to the requirements of environmental protection, some counter_measures of spreading high and new techniques, intensifying the management of clean production and import external taxation are put forword in this paper,to resolve the problems of environmental protection in the development of RE in Gannan area and promote the transformation advantages of resources into economy.


B RDS possess a special storage depot for glycogen known as the "glycogen body." This structure is located at the level of the main dorsal roots of the sciatic nerves (Imhof, 1905). In the chick it is a prominent egg-shaped mass restricted to the level of spinal nerves 26-29 inclusively (Watterson, 1949, Fig. 6). It nestles between and protrudes above the dorsal funiculi and almost completely separates the spinal cord into right and left halves (Watterson, 1949, Fig. 26). The glycogen content of the glycogen body was first determined quantitatively by Olivo (1926) at the time of hatching; he reported that glycogen constitutes 40 per cent of the dry weight of the glycogen body at that time. The glycogen content of the glycogen body is now known throughout the lifetime of the chick. Doyle and Watterson (1949) determined its glycogen content during incubation and early posthatching stages; the values for subsequent stages are still unpublished (Watterson and Doyle). According to their analyses, the glycogen content of the glycogen body constitutes as much as 75 per cent or more of its lipid-free dry weight at certain stages (see their Fig. 1). They demonstrated that the most rapid rate of glycogen accumulation occurs between 10 and 14


THE AUTHOR MAKES SOME THEORETICAL COMMENTS ON THE ENERGY NEEDED FOR PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC DRILLING AND DESCRIBES RESULTS OBTAINED IN MINING OPERATIONS. SELECTION CRITERIA ARE DESCRIBED TOGETHER WITH THE CONDITIONS OF USE OF HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT. THE REASONS FOR SELECTING HYDRAULIC DRILLING IN THE NEW MINE IN SAINT SALVY ARE OUTLINED.


In England, the government has pursued an agenda for a more sustainable built environment for over a decade. Yet it is difficult to know how much progress has been made. This article presents the findings of research that attempts to quantify and describe the extent of sustainable building in England. It reviews government-produced statistics and reports, data on sustainability accreditations, suppliers' information and existing research. It finds that no precise data exist on the extent of sustainable building, but there is a wealth of qualitative information on buildings and projects. The article describes the main sustainability features found in buildings and development projects in England, and presents a categorisation of eight sustainable building types. The article concludes by noting that the information base available to undertake this review is inadequate, and makes some suggestions about how it could be improved. It then reports that, as a proportion of the total building stock, the number of sustainable buildings is very small and that this is unlikely to change until building regulations and planning policies become more stringent.


Breathing corresponds to the first autonomous gesture of the living human being. To come into the world supposes inhaling and exhaling by oneself ... we forget this first and last gesture of life ... we breathe badly, and we worry little about the air that surrounds us, our first food of life ... we do not really take charge of our life, of our respiration, of the air. (Irigaray, 2002, p. 73) ... we still understand very little of how the body practices that comprise 'us' have come down to and inhabit us, passing into our being, passing our being back and forth between bodies and passing our being on. (Thrift, 2000, p. 38)


Arc welding processes of aluminum alloys are important in the automotive and maritime sectors, and have potential for high strength aerospace alloys due to lighter and cheaper structures. One of the arc welding processes is Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding that is widely used in the industries for welding of aluminum alloys. Since the arc welding process is nonlinear and multivariable-coupled because it involves many uncertainty parameters, it is very difficult to obtain a practical and useful controllable model of an arc welding process through classical modeling approaches. Therefore, intelligent control systems are necessary to be developed for modeling and controlling the welding process. In this study, automatic welding system for horizontally fixed aluminum pipe of 6063S-T5 using a vision sensor is proposed. The welding of aluminum pipe is conducted by monitoring the backside image of molten pool and controlling the welding speed using Neural Network and Fuzzy Inference Systems. Furthermore, an omnidirectional camera, which can observe the entire area around the camera, is adopted for monitoring the molten pool. Finally, the optimization of image processing algorithm to search the edge detection range for detecting the edge of molten pool is conducted using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Chapter 1 describes the background, literature review, original contributions and the outline of this work. Chapter 2 describes the welding penetration control of fixed aluminum pipes by monitoring the backside image of molten pool using vision sensor. Generally, the edge detection of the molten pool is difficult in aluminum welding, because the contrast of the image is much lower compared to steel welding. Accordingly, a new image processing algorithm to obtain the edge detection range for detecting the edge of the molten pool is proposed. Neural Network model for welding speed control is constructed to perform the welding process automatically. Chapter 3 describes the automatic welding process of aluminum pipe by monitoring the backside image of the molten pool using Fuzzy Inference System. At first, a simulation system of the welding control using Fuzzy Inference System is constructed to confirm the validity of the control algorithm. Then a series of welding control experiments is conducted to evaluate the performance of the fuzzy controller. Chapter 4 describes the welding penetration control of aluminum pipe using an omnidirectional camera. A new image processing algorithm is constructed to process the omnidirectional image and to recognize the edge of the molten pool. Back bead width data as the result of detection are delivered into the Fuzzy Inference System to control welding speed. Chapter 5 describes Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the image processing algorithm for searching the edge detection range of the molten pool. Finally, the welding control experiments are conducted using the Fuzzy Inference System which controls the welding speed using the input data of the detected back bead width, and the effectiveness of the system is confirmed. Chapter 6 summarizes the results of this thesis and discusses future research.


OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction technology of gallic acid from Penthorum chinense.METHODS The orthogonal-test method was adopted to research the effects of 4 methods,including the water bath,ultrasonic wave water bath,leakage and decoction,on the yielding rate of gallic acid from Penthorum chinense.The content of gallic acid was deteminated by HPLC.RESULTS The optimum technology of extracting gallic acid from Penthorum chinense was leakage using 50% alcohol with a volume ratio of 1:15(solid:solvent).CONCLUSION The extraction process is suitable for practical use.


A theory is proposed to explain with simplicity the basic observed properties of a Gamma Ray Burst (GRB). It employs a well-known result of Schwinger, that static electric fields in excess of a critical value are unstable to pair creation, and catastrophically produces a thermal plasma at temperatures <= 0.5 MeV. By using observational values for the energy and volume of the source, it is shown that the radiation pressure of an expanding GRB `fireball' leads to the formation of a Schwinger critical field at the ambient medium immediately outside the `fireball'. This naturally provides a runaway solution which is inevitable, and which must involve a burst of gamma radiation in the core of the observed energy range and in an optically thin environment. The observed burst duration of 1 -- 10 seconds is also a straightforward consequence of the theory.


Planning of military operations requires specialist teams to engage in intense collaborative activities, often to strict deadlines. The orchestration of and support for such team activities, and the synchronization of multiple teams is of particular concern and common to other nonmilitary domains. Other issues to be addressed include agile approaches for preplanning and rescheduling of team activities, improved team awareness through the ambient display of information, and automated support for information management and the consolidation and presentation of results. This paper discusses research that we are undertaking in the area of ubiquitous workspaces aimed at supporting multiple synchronized teams involved in timecritical military planning activities.


We have demonstrated a terahertz (THz) optical amplifier based on a 2.9 THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) structure. By depositing an antireflective coating on the QCL facet, the laser mirror losses are enhanced to fully suppress the lasing action, creating a THz quantum cascade (QC) amplifier. Terahertz radiation amplification has been obtained, by coupling a separate THz QCL of the same active region design to the QC amplifier. A maximum optical gain as large as 30 dB with single-mode radiation output is demonstrated. Furthermore, a THz imaging system based on the effect of self-mixing in this QC amplifier has also been demonstrated.


In the northern Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), Australia, the displacement of native floodplain grasses by Phyla canescens (Lippia), an exotic herb, coincided with a reduced frequency of floodplain inundation owing to river regulation. Although river regulation and P. canescens occur in the southern MDB, P. canescens abundance has not increased significantly since 1988. This work reports on the current distribution of P. canescens and the native grass Sporobolus mitchellii on the lower River Murray. It demonstrates that there are significant differences in the edaphic characteristics of sites occupied by the two species and co-occurrence is rare. To explain this observation, two factors were investigated: the resilience of S. mitchellii to invasion by P. canescens and the response of both species to artificial spring floods. At initial densities of >25%, S. mitchellii exhibited strong resilience to invasion by P. canescens. The growth response of both species to spring floods was similar. However, P. canescens reproduced asexually when inundated and, on exposure, exhibited a root distribution that would enhance its capacity to survive future droughts. In contrast, S. mitchellii was more tolerant of low soil moisture than P. canescens. The re-introduction of spring floods could favour the expansion of P. canescens.


Background: Asthma deaths are an increasing public health problem in lower income countries. Exposure to indoor and outdoor pollution has been known to increase the risk of asthma; by analyzing thi...


extraction process of polysaccharide from Dolichos lablab L.assisted by ultrasonic extraction was studied through orthogonal experiments.Different ultrasonic extraction temperature,extraction time,solid-to-liquid ratio,extraction times,and stability of polysaccharide in different pH,oxidants,reductants,food additives and some metal ions were studied.The results show that the best extraction process conditions were:ultrasonic temperature 60 C,ultrasonic time 30 min,liquid materials ratio 1 ∶ 30(g ∶ mL),extracted twice.The Dolichos lablab L.polysaccharide stability was good in low temperature,with reductants and pH of 5.07.0.However,when oxidizers,sodium benzoate,citric acid,K+,Na+,Ca2+,Al3+ were exist,the stability was poor.


Abstract Although the average composition change resulting from O or N implantation in a metal is small up to a dose of about 3 × 1016 ions/cm2, the implanted atoms tend to be atomically mobile under the conditions used for bombardments and precipitation of an oxide or nitride can be expected. The object of this work is to explain what phases are formed. One model is based on the postulate that the precipitates are at the surface and have a high anion-to-cation ratio. The resultant phase therefore tends to be that which arises from the impact of any heavy particle on the surface of a high oxide or nitride. An alternative model is based on the postulate that the precipitates tend, independently of where they form, to be in qualified thermodynamic equilibrium with the metal. A consideration of the known examples of O or N implantation suggests that qualified thermodynamic equilibrium is the better guide to which phases are formed.


We propose the notion of integrable boundary in the context of discrete integrable systems on quad-graphs. The equation characterizing the boundary must satisfy a compatibility equation with the one characterizing the bulk that we called the three-dimensional (3D) boundary consistency. In comparison to the usual 3D consistency condition which is linked to a cube, our 3D boundary consistency condition lives on a half of a rhombic dodecahedron. The We provide a list of integrable boundaries associated to each quad-graph equation of the classification obtained by Adler, Bobenko and Suris. Then, the use of the term "integrable boundary" is justified by the facts that there are Backlund transformations and a zero curvature representation for systems with boundary satisfying our condition. We discuss the three-leg form of boundary equations, obtain associated discrete Toda-type models with boundary and recover previous results as particular cases. Finally, the connection between the 3D boundary consistency and the set-theoretical reflection equation is established.


Objective To describe behavior of migrant TB(tuberculosis) patients who keept their TB illness state secret,to analyze its factors and propose solutions.Methods Questionnaire study to 186 new diagnosed TB patients,in-depth interview to staff in Minghang CDC and doctors in Qibao community.Results About half of the migrant TB patients kept their illness state secret to their neighbors,colleagues and friends.Migrants TB patients were afraid of losing job and being refused to lease living rooms by landlord if people around them knew that he/she was ill with TB.Their behavior of keeping TB illness state secret was a problem that need to be treated carefully.Conclusion Patients' behavior of keeping their state of TB illness secret made more trouble in TB control.On the one hand,patients' privacy should be respect if they want to keep their illness state secret;on the other hand,efforts should be tried to remove or reduce risky factors in TB epidemic.Both of them are important.


Today, the goal of reducing fossil fuel consumption and increasing the use of renewable energy is one of the most important issues in the maritime field. Regulations created by IMO in order to prevent environmental and air pollution in the maritime field have increased its effect day by day and made it necessary to move away from conventional systems and turn to alternative systems. Although studies in the area of using fully electric marine vehicles or using fully renewable energy systems are also ongoing, they are not preferred due to the high costs and lack of sustainability. While the use of Diesel Electric (DE) Propulsion System in marine vehicles is one of the alternatives in this field, it may be the most efficient choice with the improvements made on this system. The aim of this study is to examine the increase in ship energy efficiency using diesel-electric propulsion systems rather than the original ferry system.In the study, the historical development of the DE Propulsion System was investigated and other studies on the subject were examined. Detailed navigation data of a ferry using fossil fuels in the Gulf of Izmir were recorded, and a case study was carried out to examine the status of this ship's DE Propulsion System by using data such as engine load and fuel consumption. According to the results obtained, it has been revealed that using the DE Propulsion System can be much more efficient in terms of fuel consumption and emissions. It has been observed that the system provides benefits in terms of reliability and reduction of noise pollution. For future studies, it may be aimed to provide the ferry to be charged from the port and to increase the benefits of the system by using renewable energy.

Keywords: Diesel-Electric, Energy Efficiency, Emission,ship


Article Info Abstract Parents' decisions to buy snacks are likely influenced by packaging designs, the colors of the snack packagings, and their children. Children are unique influencers because they cannot afford to buy snacks they desire, but they can influence and even direct their parents to buy the desired snacks. In this article, I investigate how snack packaging designs and colors attract consumers' attention and affect their purchasing decisions. In particular, this study seeks to analyze the effects of snack packaging design and snack packaging color on parents' purchasing decisions. The data was generated by using questionnaires that asked 90 parents who have children aged 4-7 years old. Findings. The Study demonstrate that snack packaging designs and colors affect parents' purchasing decisions.


There are many scenarios where a quick, accurate validation of motor performance is valuable – R&D, vendor qualification, production, integration, commissioning, troubleshooting, or post-repair. Traditional methods for generating motor performance curves involve extensive time, effort, and resources for connection of the test motor to a loading device – which requires not only an alignment procedure but also significant infrastructure and resource to install, operate and maintain the loading system. In the subject approach, none of the loading system infrastructure or resources are necessary. The results are quickly available after just a few uncoupled motor starts, including documentation of motor losses; in full compliance with IEEE and other standards; and the procedure is self-calibrating. INTRODUCTION The core idea of starting an uncoupled motor against only its own inertia, is of course not new. Historical efforts have resulted in many publications from universities and even a few functional but short-lived commercial products. By and large, these commercial efforts suffered from a weakness of the "whole product" value proposition – i.e., the combination of initial price, required operator training, traceability, validation, calibration and maintenance was inconsistent with industrial customer needs. The resources required to perform the procedures described herein, consist of three main components. First, facilities to safely start and run a motor, even if at reduced or ramped voltage. Second, instrumentation and data collection equipment to properly record high-resolution current, voltage and rotor speed during a motor start. And third, a data analysis tool to convert raw data into the desired calibrated results in a format convenient for reporting and archiving in the end user's information environment. The first two of these are readily available as existing or easily-procured commercial tools from multiple suppliers. The focus of the work described herein is on the third core component, with special emphasis on compliance with industrial standards, results validation, commercial maintainability, and convenience for the end user. BASIC PHYSICS BEHIND THE METHOD To begin, recognize that saying that an uncoupled motor is "unloaded" is not correct. During a start, the load on an uncoupled motor contains inertia, friction and windage. Inertia is the physical mass property that resists speed change. Friction and windage are speed-dependent mechanical losses from shaft-attached cooling fans, air circulation in the air gap and stator cooling system, and bearings. During startup, rotor inertia is the main "load" that resists speed change, requiring external (electrical) energy to change operation from any speed to a higher speed. As the motor speed increases, the internal friction and windage load increases. If there's no speed change, there's no inertial load, only friction and windage hence the descriptive "full-speed, no-load" operating condition for an uncoupled motor. A rotor has no kinetic energy at rest, and a fixed amount of kinetic energy at full speed. Power is a measure of the rate of energy delivery to the motor, required to overcome losses due to internal electrical and mechanical losses plus change the speed of the rotating inertia. Power input can be measured, and if the losses are known, can be integrated to obtain rotor kinetic energy; and since speed is measured, the rotor inertia can be calculated directly. Fig 0 shows the difference in


We characterized two reference samples for NGS technologies: a human triple-negative breast cancer cell line and a matched normal cell line. Leveraging several whole-genome sequencing (WGS) platforms, multiple sequencing replicates, and orthogonal mutation detection bioinformatics pipelines, we minimized the potential biases from sequencing technologies, assays, and informatics. Thus, our "truth sets" were defined using evidence from 21 repeats of WGS runs with coverages ranging from 50X to 100X (a total of 140 billion reads). These "truth sets" present many relevant variants/mutations including 193 COSMIC mutations and 9,016 germline variants from the ClinVar database, nonsense mutations in BRCA1/2 and missense mutations in TP53 and FGFR1. Independent validation in three orthogonal experiments demonstrated a successful stress test of the truth set. We expect these reference materials and "truth sets" to facilitate assay development, qualification, validation, and proficiency testing. In addition, our methods can be extended to establish new fully characterized reference samples for the community.


Understanding the rules of habitat selection and the individual behavioural routines in the home‐range is crucial for developing evidence‐based conservation action. We investigated habitat selection and range use of adult little owls Athene noctua in relation to landscape configuration, habitat structure and resource distribution. We determined the preference of habitat structures by VHF‐telemetry. Large‐ and fine‐scale distribution patterns of voles – the main prey during the breeding season – were assessed by transect counts of signs of vole presence. An experiment using artificial perches was carried out to determine the fine‐scale adjustment of the owls' range use in relation to prey abundance and vegetation height. Habitat selection and resource exploitation by little owls were structured at all spatial levels: (1) at the landscape scale, orchards were highly preferred over other areas. This accords with the patchy large‐scale occurrence of voles, which were absent in cropland, but abundant in orchards and grassland; (2) within home‐ranges, the spatial distribution of voles was highly inhomogeneous and structures with high prey abundance were used over‐proportionally; (3) at the scale of foraging sites, little owls preferred patches with low vegetation over those with high prey abundance, establishing that prey availability is the crux. The results suggest that all levels of habitat selection and range use were related to farming practices and affected by current cultivation. Conservation measures should focus on the conservation and restoration of orchards on the landscape level and habitat management measures should focus on grasslands – the main food providers – by creating a mosaic of patches with short grass and tall grass. Together with other habitat structures providing food resources such as field edges, wildflower areas and structures facilitating access to prey, the quality of habitat patches in terms of food availability may be highly improved.


PAMO was immobilized onto Ni-NTA modified hybrid magnetite-gold nanoparticles through polyhistidinemotife. As a result of immobilization, enzyme has become fully inactive. Under the expose to 50 Hz 100 mT magnetic field,catalyzed by enzyme reaction rate increases 1,5 times due to PAMO desorption from nanoparticles.


Critical care medicine is to provide advanced medical care to critically ill-patients threatened by severe diseases. Although critical care is a core area of surgery, surgeons have fewer interests and opportunities for participating in it, and the dedicated intensivists with other specialties have had a deeper involvement. It is difficult to recruit surgical intensivists or trauma surgeons for critical care due to the high labor intensity, high risk of medical accidents and conflicts, and inappropriate remuneration. The most common cause, however, is the lack of opportunities for surgical cases. There is a negative perception among surgeons that surgical intensivists are 'the surgeons who do not operate.' That makes the surgeons feel the gap between what they majored and what they practice. Acute care surgery, that is a relatively new, but more specialized surgical area including emergency surgery, trauma and critical care, can be a good alternative. Critically ill-patients who suffered from hemorrhagic shock, septic shock, acute renal injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome need the intensive and aggressive treatments. Surgeons have been used to these invasive and aggressive procedures. Surgeons who have trained the critical care may be able to acquire the expertise, easily. The intensivists as a surgeon, who fully understands the operations, postoperative courses or complications, or the optimal time of surgery, can provide more efficient and accurate treatments for surgically critically ill-patients than any intensivists with other specialties. It is needed to change the surgeons' negative perceptions themselves with the support of the Korean Society of Surgery. (Ewha Med J 2017;40(2):61-65) Received January 6, 2017 Accepted April 5, 2017


CAs have powerful knowledge at their fingertips, but conundrums can present themselves when asked to use that knowledge for unethical activities. We discuss how to appropriately apply your skills.


In order to study the problems of gauge invariance, Lorentz covariance, and the operator properties of the "Schwinger terms" in the current commutators, spin-\textonehalf{} quantum electrodynamics is written as the limit of a nonlocal theory. The conditions on such a theory are discussed and the nonlocal equations in the case of an external vector potential derived. The gauge-invariant, Lorentz-covariant limit of these equations is then discussed, and it is found that (in the case of spin \textonehalf{}) the "Schwinger terms" are purely $c$-number. The quantized vector potential is considered by means of a Feynman path integral and its gauge structure determined. It is found that an automatically gauge-covariant theory results and that the $c$-number character of the Schwinger terms apparently persists.


Despite the fact that task-oriented conversation systems have received much attention from the dialogue research community, only a handful of them have been studied in a real-world manufacturing context using industrial robots. One stumbling block is the lack of a domain-specific discourse corpus for training these systems. Another difficulty is that earlier attempts to integrate natural language interfaces (such as chatbots) into the industrial sector have primarily focused on task completion rates. When designing a dialogue system for social robots, the user experience is prioritized above industrial robots. To overcome these challenges, we provide the Industrial Robots Domain Wizard-of-Oz dataset (IRWoZ), a fully-labeled discourse dataset covering four robotics domains. It delivers simulated discussions between shop floor workers and industrial robots, with over 401 dialogues, to promote language-assisted Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) in industrial settings. Small talk concepts and human-to-human conversation strategies are provided to support human-like answer generation and give a more natural and adaptable dialogue environment to increase user experience and engagement. Finally, we propose and evaluate an end-to-end Task-oriented Dialogue for Industrial Robots (ToD4IR) using two types of pre-trained backbone models: GPT-2 and GPT-Neo, on the IRWoZ dataset. We performed a series of trials to validate ToD4IR's performance in a real manufacturing context. Our experiments demonstrate that ToD4IR outperforms three downstream task-oriented dialogue tasks, i.e., dialogue state tracking, dialogue act generation, and response generation, on the IRWoZ dataset. Our source code of ToD4IR and the IRWoZ dataset is accessible at https://github.com/lcroy/ToD4IR for reproducible research.


A wall having a front surface and a rear surface, the wall comprising at least a first lower course and a second upper course, each course each block (5) comprising a plurality of blocks (5), an upper surface (8) separated from a lower surface (10) substantially parallel, thereby defining a block thickness, and each block (5) opposite lateral surfaces (16, 18) and having first and second faces (12, 14) substantially parallel and opposite forming the first and second faces (12, 14) together with the upper, lower and side surfaces (8, 10, 16, 18) forming a block body, wherein each block (5) has non-parallel side surfaces (16 , 18) being the first and second faces (12, 14) orthogonal to the side surfaces (16) the first face (12) greater than the second face (14) area; and characterized in that the blocks (5) are positioned in the courses such that the front surface of the wall comprises the first faces (12) of a plurality of blocks (5) and the second faces (14) of a plurality of blocks (5) to thereby provide an irregular block design.


Past reviews on digital games use in entrepreneurship education failed to provide detailed information on how researchers employed gameplay in learning models. Additionally, prior reviews have inadequately examined the methodological rigor and the distributional characteristics of articles within such an area. This systematic review provides information about the geographic spread and breadth of digital games use in entrepreneurship education literature. More importantly, the current analysis provides in depth assessment of the methodological attributes of published articles in the discipline. Based on the comprehensive evaluation, future research directions are suggested to strengthen this area of study.


A method for modeling the behavior of electrochemical systems based on electrode kinetics instead of equivalent circuits is developed and examples of the application of this modeling method to three electrochemical systems are presented. It is shown that the behavior of simple, as well as relatively complex, electrochemical systems can be modeled on desktop computers yielding impedance spectra as a function of input quantities that describe steady state electrode kinetics and the electrode potential. This approach, since it is based on quantities that describe the kinetics of the actual processes that occur at the electrode, has the advantage over other approaches of having a built-in physical interpretation. The impedance plots produced in this way can give a feeling of what to expect experimentally, and can be useful in testing hypotheses, in establishing reasonable ranges for quantities not easily accessible to measurement, and in suggesting experimental strategies.


Abstract We propose a typology suggesting varying extent of servitization for manufacturing firms in different industries that could help them improve their firm performance. We suggest that contemporary manufacturing firms may benefit from implementing quality management practices while being organizationally innovative and staying focused on satisfying their customer needs. Cluster analysis and MANOVA on a cross-country sample of senior managers in charge of quality implementation at various manufacturing firms demonstrated the presence of very high and low servitizers, enjoying high and low firm performance respectively, thereby providing empirical support for our typology. Manufacturing firms can implement the proposed servitization strategies to improve their performance. Research and practice implications are discussed and future directions are offered.


The integrated CMOS photo-transistor array has been developed for visible light 1D system. And the photo-transistor is selected by CCD image and C software in order to separate the signals from multiple light sources.


The practice of historical archaeology is often interdisciplinary, but the relationships between archaeology and other disciplines are not often explicitly analysed. A characteristic national strand of archaeology, which crosses the boundaries between historical and Aboriginal archaeology, is developing in Australia. So it is timely to consider specific ideas for relating Indigenous oral history and historical archaeology. In our research partnership with Yarrawarra Aboriginal Corporation, which was aimed at understanding Aboriginal place knowledges, we develop the concept of conversation for analysing the research process between archaeology and oral history. We define co-opting conversations as the most usual conversations engaged in between disciplines, research paradigms and between scientific and Indigenous knowledges. We then identify several more productive kinds of conversation that occurred between oral history and archaeology in our research: intersecting, parallel, complementary and contradictory. We found contradictory conversations, usually regarded as failures by other researchers, yielded the most productive analytic understandings. As a result of these different types of conversations we were able to produce a richer understanding of placeness (sensu Mayne and Lawrence 1998). The richest understandings of place at Yarrawarra develop only through such interdisciplinary conversations.


American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, Resolution XXX, Ninth International Conference of American States, Bogotá, Colombia, 1948, reprinted in Basic Documents Pertaining to Human Rights in the Inter-American System, OEA/Ser. L/V.II.82, doc. 6, rev. 1 at 17 (1992).


This paper aims to explore the possible applications of drama and performance as research and teaching 'tools' in archaeological practice. A brief presentation about previous attempts to apply drama and performance in archaeology will be followed by a detailed analysis of how drama can be beneficial in the context of Archaeological teaching and practice. The theoretical discussion is later organized around a methodological framework. The discussion is supported by a presentation of the pilot application of the proposed methodology in Santorini island's archaeological caves, and a brief summary of the application's outcomes.


We report on the fabrication of highly epitaxial Y2O3:Eu3+ and Lu2O3:Eu3+ films on sapphire and Si single crystalline, and quartz substrates under different growth and optimization conditions using pulsed-laser deposition technique. The films were characterized using x rays, microstructure, and spectroscopic measurements. Our results demonstrate superior spectroscopic performance on the films grown on sapphire substrates due to the high quality and epitaxial nature of the film. The surface morphology of the epitaxial films controls the photoluminescence property of these phosphors film.


The relative importance of voice pitch and interaural difference cues in facilitating the recognition of both of two concurrently presented synthetic vowels was measured. The interaural difference cues used were an interaural time difference (400 μsec ITD), two magnitudes of interaural level difference (15 dB and infinite ILD), and a combination of ITD and ILD (400 μsec plus 15 dB). The results are analysed separately for those cases where both vowels are identical and those where they are different. When the two vowels are different, a voice pitch difference of one semitone is found to improve the percentage of correct reports of both vowels by 35.8% on average. However, the use of interaural difference cues results in an improvement of 11.5% on average when there is a voice pitch difference of one semitone, but only a non-significant 0.1% when there is no voice pitch difference. When the two vowels are identical, imposition of either a voice pitch difference or binaural difference reduces performance, in a subtractive manner. It is argued that the smaller size of the interaural difference effect is not due to a "ceiling effect" but is characteristic of the relative importance of the two kinds of cues in this type of experiment. The possibility that the improvement due to interaural difference cues may in fact be due to monaural processing is discussed. A control experiment is reported for the ITD condition, which suggests binaural processing does occur for this condition. However, it is not certain whether the improvement in the ILD condition is due to binaural processing or use of the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio for a single vowel at each ear.


In gas turbines, the blades of axial turbine stages rotate in close proximity to a stationary peripheral wall. Differential expansion of the turbine wheel, blades, and the shroud causes variations in the size of the clearance gap between blade tip and stationary shroud. The necessity to tolerate this differential thermal expansion dictates that the clearance gap cannot be eliminated altogether, despite accurate engine machining. Pressure differences between the pressure and suction sides of a blade drives a flow through the clearance gap. This flow, the tip leakage flow, is detrimental to engine performance. The primary detrimental effect of tip leakage flow is the reduction of turbine stage efficiency, and a second is the convective heat transfer associated with the flow. The surface area at the blade tip in contact with the hot working gas represents an additional thermal loading on the blade which, together with heat transfer to the suction and pressure side surface area, must be removed by the blade internal cooling flows. Experimental results concerned with the local heat transfer characteristics on all surfaces of shrouded, rectangular cavities are reported. A brief discussion of the mass transfer system used is given.


Background Operative approaches for far lateral disc herniation (FLDH) repair may be classified as open or minimally invasive. The present study aims to compare postoperative outcomes and resource utilization between patients undergoing open and endoscopic (one such minimally invasive approach) FLDH surgeries. Methods A total of 144 consecutive adult patients undergoing FLDH repair at a single, university health system over an 8-year period (2013–2020) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts: "open" (n = 92) and "endoscopic" (n = 52). Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the impact of procedural type on postoperative outcomes, and resource utilization metrics were compared between cohorts using χ 2 test (for categorical variables) or t test (for continuous variables). Primary postsurgical outcomes included readmissions, reoperations, emergency department visits, and neurosurgery outpatient office visits within 90 days of the index operation. Primary resource utilization outcomes included total direct cost of the procedure and length of stay. Secondary measures included discharge disposition, operative length, and duration of follow-up. Results No differences were observed in adverse postoperative events. Patients undergoing open FLDH surgery were more likely to attend outpatient visits within 30 days (P = 0.016). Although direct operating room cost was lower (P < 0.001) for open procedures, length of hospital stay was longer (P < 0.001). Patients undergoing open surgery also demonstrated less favorable discharge dispositions, longer operative length, and greater duration of follow-up. Conclusions While both procedure types represent viable options for FLDH, endoscopic surgeries appear to achieve comparable clinical outcomes with decreased perioperative resource utilization. Clinical Relevance The present study suggests that endoscopic FLDH repairs do not lead to inferior outcomes but may decrease utilization of perioperative resources. Level of Evidence 3.


Due to the flexible deployment, in-band wireless backhaul solutions are preferred to the small cells in the ultradense networks (UDN). This paper manages the scheduling issues of in-band wireless backhaul in UDN by jointly considering the effect of access-backhaul link constraint, the interference and the minimum user data rate requirement. The scheduling problem that aims at maximizing the system throughput is formulated, whose solution is NP-hard. To reduce the calculation complexity and obtain a practical scheduling solution, A scheme named as coloring based access-backhaul scheduling (CBABS) is proposed. In CBABS, the minimum data rate requirements are satisfied by a QoS guarantee algorithm, the interference is managed by coloring algorithm (CA), the matching is done by ensuring the same data rate on access and backhaul link. Simulation results show that 98% of users' minimum downlink data rate requirements and 99% of users' minimum uplink data rate requirements are satisfied. The RB utility ratio is improved by 30% in CBABS compared to traditional scheduling scheme.


As in [1,6], let Гn be the n-dimensional Clifford group, i.e., the set of all elements in n-dimensional Clifford algebra An, which can be expressed as a finite product of non-zero-vertors and SL(2, Гn) denote the group of n-dimensional Clifford matrices A=(α b c d)which satisfy:


There is as much variation in the quality of detrusor contractility as there is in any striated or smooth muscle in the body. Physiological conditioning can increase detrusor smooth muscle strength just as physical exercise can lead to striated muscle hypertrophy and increased muscle strength. It is likely, for instance, that the higher urethral resistance which exists in males as compared to females does lead to a stronger detrusor in the former. By the same token, increased work imposed on bladder evacuation due to prostatic obstruction may result in muscular hypertrophy and increased strength. An upper motor neuron lesion causes detrusor hyperactivity which may also enhance muscular hypertrophy. Following vesical neck obstruction in dogs, the ratio of bladder weight/body weight increased by 300% with marked muscular hypertrophy [Kondo, 19731. On the other hand, a weakening of detrusor strength may result from other physiologica1 and pathological conditions. Four conditions proven responsible for increased collagen deposits are aging, outlet obstruction, detrusor decentralization, and ischemia.


The psychological health of the university students has aroused the public attention of various social circles.This paper introduces the connotation and theoretical basis of the reading therapy,analyzes on the common psychological problems of the university students,and probes into the measures for practicing the reading therapy in the library.


Phytoestrogens are biochemicalssynthesized in plants which mimic steroidal estrogen activity in mammals. Analysisof thesecompounds in the legumes whichproduce them and in body fluidsis important to the study of their physiological effects. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been found to be an efficient and sensitive method of identification and quantitation of isoflavonoids, one class of phytoestrogen. Here we report the separation of three isoflavonoids, biochanin A, genistein and daidzein using an HPLC system witha Cgreverse phasecolumn and a linear gradient mobile phasecontaining acetonitrile and acetic acid/water (10/90, v/v) over 60 minutes. Minimum detection limits for the three isoflavonoids were 0.556 ug/mL, 0.314 (ig/mL, and 0.377 |ig/mL, respectively. This method was used to measure the concentrations of isoflavonoidsin two types of soy meal and in several animal feeds.Projected use of this assay includes studies of reproductive ability followingingestion of these isoflavonoidsin domesticruminants and in wild rodents.


The present study investigated what kind of information Chinese learners of English use when they process the with-prepositional phrase attachment ambiguity. The results revealed:1) in the null context the learners tended to attach the prepositional phrase to the verb due to the influence of the Minimal Attachment Principle;2)in the off-line task the learners made use of the referential information to attach the phrase to the noun;3)in the on-line task the learners had no referential and prosodic information to rely on and preferred the verb attachment; 4) the learners exploited the lexical information only in the case of the instrument-biased verb.


UHVDC plays an important role in Project for Delivering Electricity from the West to the East, for its flexible and quick control and large electrical capacity. Its influence on AC system is becoming larger as transferring more DC power. A method using generalized dynamic fuzzy neural network in UHVDC to increase transient stability is presented, which regulates power to supply enough damping with additional control signal. Suitable modulation signal and dimension are chosen. After GD-FNN system is trained, systematic error and e -completeness of fuzzy rules are used as criterion for optimizing system structure. Meanwhile, degree of membership is modified to ensure that the system has a compact structure and a great generalization ability. Simulation shows that the controller designed can increase the generator's electrical damping remarkably in different conditions and suppress the oscillation effectively, so it has a certain robustness.


Studies of housing preferences, current housing, and finances of elderly in 3 Midwestern cities (N1 = 420; N2 = 164; N3 = 330) were conducted through surveys and secondary data. Results suggest that each geographic area has definable characteristics that are not generalizable to the other 2 sites. In general, there is a market for market rate housing built especially for the elderly. Characteristics of the elderly market and trends in construction costs and financing are discussed.


The tonic (resting) and peak (maximum) lip pressures of 100 subjects were measured. The purpose was to evaluate the validity of the assumption that high peak pressures are indicative of high tonic pressures and vice versa. This paper describes the equipment and techniques devised to test these pressures. The results showed no statistically significant relationship whatsoever between tonic and peak lip pressures. We, therefore, suggest that maximum lip pressures not be used as a diagnostic aid in orthodontics.


The family of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes is a strong candidate to be used as Forward Error Correction (FEC) in future communication systems due to its strong error correction capability. ...


A title delivery device for machine preparation and issue title. The device comprises a rotatable member (168) interposed between the channel (164) Release of securities and the bowl (160) for receipt of securities. The rotating member defines a housing (182) for the collection of invalid tracks and a passage (184) for temporary storage and issuance of securities. Outside the phases to grant a title, the outlet opening (178) is sealed by the solid portion (186) of the rotary member


Microsoft and its general counsel, Brad Smith, will be the 2008 CPR Corporate Leadership Award honorees this fall. Also, complicated registration features have been wiped out, and CPR members now need only one click to get full advance and archive electronic access to Alternatives.


Although the role of women in the church has produced both controversy and change, there has been little sociological research on the topic. However, Greeley and Durkin (1984) analyzed survey data concerning the effect of feminism on women's church attendance and attempted to explain this relationship. The present paper examines this issue in a multivariate analysis of survey data collected in western Canada. The results suggest that the relationship between feminism and church attendance depends upon the specific measures of each. There was little support for Greeley and Durkin's explanation of a feminism-church attendance relationship, although differences in the specific measurement offeminism must qualify this conclusion. Suggestions for future research on this topic are offered.


We present and discuss a three-dimensional diagnostic diagram for Seyfert 2 galaxies obtained using X-ray and [O III] data on a large sample of objects (reported in the Appendix). The diagram shows the Kα iron line equivalent width as a function of both the column density derived from the photoelectric cutoff and the 2-10 keV flux normalized to the [O III] optical-line flux (the latter corrected for extinction and assumed to be a true indicator of the source intrinsic luminosity). We find that the hard X-ray properties of type 2 objects depend on a single parameter, the absorbing column density along the line of sight, in accordance with the unified model. The diagram can be used to identify Compton-thick sources and to isolate and study peculiar objects. From this analysis we have obtained a column density distribution of Seyfert 2 galaxies that is thought to be a good approximation of the real distribution. A large population of heavily absorbed objects is discovered, including many Compton-thick candidates. Our results indicate that the mean log NH cm-2 in type 2 Seyfert galaxies is 23.5 and that as many as 23%-30% of sources have NH ≥ 1024 cm-2.


There are many homilies written about governance these days.However, with the widespread talk, growth and allegedly effective development of this activity within organisations, why is it we still hear of the many excesses from the corporate world?We know what many of these are because of the publicity they engender. There is still senior executive remuneration beyond any reasonable notion of equitable risk and reward. And yet increasingly large companies have been employing Non-executive Directors to populate Remuneration, Nomination, Audit and Ethics Committees. They have the same legal responsibility as their highly paid executive counterparts, but we have heard precious little of high-profile whisde blowing.In a different environment, why do we hear about NHS staff being rude or unhelpful to those who are often in a vulnerable state? Can it be, as Winston Churchill once remarked, that "few people practice what they preach"? Is it also true, in the words of Chomsky, that "for the powerful crimes are those that others commit"? Or is all of this a wee bit strong and self-righteous? I will let you decide, but suggest that we must all be vigilant if we are to avoid the conclusion that governance is indeed not all it's cracked up to be.Consider a manufacturing company I knew that had won plaudits for its health and safety compliance - risk assessments routinely, promptly and diligendy completed, as an example to us all. Yet a mature employee with over 30 years of service slipped on a patch of oil, left by a slovenly, thoughtless colleague, and sustained a career-ending injury. Everyone's human. Accidents happen. It could be the experience of any one of us.But wouldn't it also be true that if there had been more discipline, cleanliness and respect for others, even if at the expense of a little less emphasis on the compliance paperwork, the moral empathy with health and safety requirements would have deserved more recognition?I mention this because the company in question had a number of similar incidents, and of course it is perfecdy possible to undertake the correct compliance processes while at the same time being truly proactive about employee safety.Perhaps the important lesson about governance is that being proactive with a moral purpose should reinforce mere compliance. The 'C word' to me is unfortunate, and emphasises acquiescence rather than either positivity or a noble purpose being served."Noble purpose?" I hear you say "That's a bit rich - and not the terminology usually associated with this subject, populated as it increasingly is by the new jargon of E&I GRC(iP), ERM & SOX!"If you don't believe that humble, principled human endeavour through organisations can achieve financial security, personal development, friendship and social and individual wellbeing, through knowledge and principle, rather than relying solely on so-called process and procedure, sign off now. …


I this paper we consider a market situation in which initially there is an unintegrated monopoly upstream entry and vertical integration. The equilibrium entry mode -sharing the incumbent facility or building a new facility- is derived as well as the equilibrium market structure. Several policy prescriptions are set forth.


These letters display Conrad's friendship with an aristocratic Scottish adventurer who was a pioneering socialist. The elaborate annotations set the friendship in cultural and political contexts, and show how Graham influenced Conrad's writings.


The dimeric Ni(I)–Ni(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complex {(IPr)Ni(μ-Cl)}2 (3; IPr = 1,3-(2,6-iPr2C6H3)2imidazolin-2-ylidene)) reacts with the lithium terphenylamides LiNHdmp and LiNHdippp (dmp = 2,6-di(mesityl)phenyl; dippp = 2,6-bis(2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl)phenyl) to give the monomeric Ni(I) amides (IPr)Ni(NHdmp) (4) and (IPr)Ni(NHdippp) (5), respectively. These nickel amides are 1-electron paramagnets, and crystallographic characterization indicates both are stabilized by Ni–C(ipso) interactions with a flanking aryl group of the terphenyl fragment. This results in significant deviation from the linear CNHC–Ni–N geometry typical for a two-coordinate transition-metal complex (112.17(9)° in 4, 116.41(9)° in 5). One-electron oxidation of 4 by ferrocenium results in intramolecular deprotonation at a terphenyl benzylic position by the amide, giving the diamagnetic Ni(II) complex [(IPr)Ni(κ2-C,N:NH2C6H3(Mes)C10H9)][B(ArF)4] (7). DFT calculations on oxidized 4 (i.e., 4+) indicate short amide N⋯CH3 interactions. One-electron oxidation of 5 by ferrocenium gives a new high-spin Ni(II) amide complex salt, [(IPr)Ni(NHdippp)][B(ArF)4] (9). The solid-state structure of 9 indicates it maintains the bent CNHC–Ni–N core. Unlike three-coordinate cationic Ni(II) amides, 9 has not been observed to undergo smooth deprotonation (at N) to afford a two-coordinate imido complex.


Misleading and sometimes incorrect statements regarding how to select and pipe expansion tanks can be found in design manuals and manufacturers' installation guides. Some of the more common claims follow. Claim: Expansion tanks must be connected to the system near the suction of the pump. Fact: Closed expansion tanks (those not vented to the atmosphere) may be connected anywhere in the system provided their precharge (initial) pressure and size are correctly selected. However, maximum pressure ratings of some system components may limit expansion tank connection location.


ABSTRACT This paper explores students' involvement in an extra-curricular journalistic activity set up in a transnational university in China, by drawing on the connection between art, emotions and experience postulated by the philosopher John Dewey. The article will show how undergraduate students verbalized their experience of writing news features and other items for a campus magazine, their motivations for taking part in the magazine, their expectations, the obstacles they had to overcome, and the ways in which they felt rewarded by this experience. This study argues that looking into students' reflections on a magazine production can help broaden our understanding of student media practice as an aesthetic dynamic and structured endeavor characterized by the following traits: novelty, instinct, emotion, struggle, and transformation.


The wavenumbers of the charge transfer band maxima in the UV spectra of a large number of 3-, 4-, 3,4-, and 3,5-alkyl-substituted nitrobenzenes have been determined in isooctane and in ethanol. Extinction coefficients ϵmax and oscillator strengths are reported for a number of these compounds. The differences VHmax-VRmax in isooctane reveal an order of substituent effects of alkyl groups which is not entangled with differential solvation effects. Methyl groups in the γ-position of 4-alkyl groups are very effective in stabilising the excitation. There is no constant ratio between the substituent effects of the alkyl groups from the 3- and the 4-position. The substituent effects are approximately additive in the 3,4- and 3,5-dialkyl-substituted nitrobenzenes. Both 3- and 4-alkyl groups bulkier than methyl exert a steric hindrance of the solvation in ethanol; this hindrance has been quantified for the 4-alkyl groups.


The present invention relates generally to the field of semiconductors and/or semiconductor structures (e.g., solar cells, etc.), to chemical compositions for manufacturing such semiconductors and/or semiconductor structures, and/or to methods for manufacturing such semiconductors and/or semiconductor structures. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to chemical compositions and methods for controlling surface passivation, dead layer etchback, anti-reflective, potential induced degradation, and other properties of semiconductor surfaces used for various semiconductor applications including, but not limited to, solar cells.


Radiotherapy is an alternative treatment for cancer patients to inhibit and destroy cancer cells due to the ionization. Gamma rays ionize not only cancer cells but also damage healthy cells due to precence of free radicals produced by ionizing gamma rays when interacting with biological material. The decrease in blood cells as ie hemoglobin, leukocytes and platelets caused free radicals can be minimized by administering antioxidant vitamins C and E. This study was conducted to determine the effects of gamma radiation exposure to the decrease in hemoglobin blood cells, leukocytes and platelets of mice after administration of a combination of antioxidant vitamins C and E in five variations, namely 10 mg dose: 1μl, 15 mg: 1.5 μl, 20 mg: 2 μl, 25 mg: 2.5 μl, 30 mg: 3 μl. Exposure of gamma radiation was given fractionation ranging from 200 rads to 1000 rads. Blood was taken from the heart for hemoglobin, leukocytes and platelets tests. The results showed that the administration of vitamins C and E may reduce the decline in hemoglobin levels, leukocytes, platelets resulting from exposure to gamma radiation when compared to the control group or without vitamin.


The principles of the preparation and characterization of azobenzene side-chain liquid crystalline [SCLC) polyester materials ideally suited for reversible optical information storage are outlined. The complex phase behaviour of these materials in general is discussed. It is shown for one polyester P8a12, in particular, that the thermal pretreatment, quenching and annealing, strongly influence the phase behaviour. X-ray investigations by use of synchroton irradiation of laser induced anisotropy in thin SCLC polyester free standing films point to formation of lamellar structures. FTIR polarization spectroscopy of laser irradiated SCLC polyester fhs reveals a preferential alignment of the mesogens, the main-chain and the side-chain segments perpendicular to the laser polarization direction. Permanent optical anisotropy can be laser induced in a temperature range (20 40"C) above the glass transition of the SCLC polyesters and subsequently completely erased by further heating (> 75°C); after cooling the cycle can be repeated at least 10,000 times. In P8a12, in particular, stable diffraction efficiency of about 50$Z0 can be induced by 20s 800 mW/cm2 exposure to orthogonally polarized argon laser beams at 488 nm. The film is also capable of a resolution of 6000 lineshnm. A holographic grating thus recorded about four years ago still exhibits undiminished diffraction efficiency. In addition, holograms of twodimensional transparencies as weH as three-dimensional objects can be recorded. A compact polarization holographic storage system of an A4 size has been designed. We believe that an aggregation process after irradiation might be responsible for the permanent storage. Atomic force and scanning near-field optical microscopic investigations support the above theory. * corresponding author, e-mail: s.hvilsted@ risoe.dk