Even at low concentration, phalloidin shows a marked protection of F-actin against the action of trypsin or pronase. G-actin is not protected at any concentration of phallodin. The kinetics of the proteolysis show that a change in the environment of tryptophan residues is preceded by disruption of the filamentous structure of F-actin.


Designed for psychology students, this guide takes you through the Library's resources to improve your research. Designed for psychology students, this guide takes you through the Library's resources to improve your research.


Flowers-watchers and conspiracy theorists will be interested to see that the latest RAWP calculations, from the Advisory Group on Resource Allocation, show that the Westminster Medical School's teaching hospitals still have the greatest excess cost per student of any English medical school. For the dozen or so people who understand RAWP formulas this may be no surprise. Minerva, who does not understand RAWP formulas, can only record that in 1973-4 the Westminster's excess costs per student were 101% of the median; in 1977-8 they were 108%.


Mycotoxins posit serious threats to human and animal health, and numerous efforts have been performed to detect the multiple toxins by a single diagnostic approach. For the first time, we synthesized a novel aptamer induced "turn on" fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor using dual color gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), L-proline and BSA synthesized AuNCs (Lp-AuNCs and BSA-AuNCs), with WS2 nanosheet for simultaneous recognition of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 and zearalenone (ZEN) by single excitation. Here, AFB1 aptamer stabilized blue-emitting AuNCs (AFB1-apt-Lp-AuNCs) (at 442 nm) and ZEN aptamer functionalized with red colored AuNCs (ZEN-apt-BSA-AuNCs) (at 650 nm) were employed as an energy donor and WS2 nanosheet as a fluorescence quencher. With the addition of AFB1 and ZEN, the change in fluorescence intensity (F.I) was recorded at 442 nm and 650 nm and can be used for simultaneous recognition with a detection limit of 0.34 pg mL-1 (R2= 0.9931) and 0.53 pg mL-1 (R2= 0.9934), respectively. Most importantly, the semi-quantitative determination of AFB1 and ZEN can also be evidently realized through photo-visualization. The current approach paves a new aspect to develop sensitive, selective and convenient metal nanocluster based fluorescent "switch-on" probes with potential applications in multipurpose biosensing.


T HE only well-documented benign hypochromic anaemia in the male is the primary iron-deficiency anaemia of the adolescent. This has been described usually in service recruits and has been attributed to the additional iron requirements brought about by the increase in blood volume and myoglobin during the adolescent growth phase, complicated by the presence of hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria preventing the required increase in absorption (Shorthouse &King, 1951 ; Forshaw, 1954; Leonard, 1954; Brumfitt, 1960). In the adult male the incidence of hypochromic anaemia, not explained by neoplasia or ulceration, is thought to be low. Wintrobe (1961) states that hypochromic anaemia in the male sex is rare except after gastrectomy and almost always signifies an occult source of blood loss such as peptic ulcer or carcinoma of the ascending colon or stomach. The World Health Organisation (W.H.O.) Technical Report (1959) states that in temperate areas adult man will only rarely be found to have iron-deficiency anaemia without a source of blood loss. Since the war there have been few investigations into the prevalence and nature of anaemia in the community. Semmence (1959) carried out blood examinations in all the patients in his practice aged 65 years and over. He found only 4 cases of hypochromic anaemia in the 101 males examined, and in each case there was an obvious explanation. Fry (1961) discovered 37 cases of hypochromic anaemia in male patients in his practice of 5,000 patients, during a 5-year period. In only 6 of these was there no obvious cause for the anaemia. Kilpatrick and Hardisty (1961) in examining a population sample of 543 adult males, during a survey in the Rhondda Fach, discovered 14 cases of hypochromic anaemia, but in only 3 cases was there no obvious explanation for the anaemia. Our experience in a general medical unit with a special interest in haematology has been at variance with these views of the rarity of benign hypochromic anaemia in the adult male and we present here a series of 17 cases seen over the past 3 years.


G proteins act as molecular switches in G protein‐coupled receptor signaling pathways and are key mediators for numerous important physiological processes. The natural product, cyclic depsipeptide YM‐254890, together with the structurally similar FR900359, is the only known selective inhibitor of the Gq/11 subfamily of G proteins. We recently reported the first total synthesis of YM‐254890 and FR900359, followed by synthesizing analogues to perform structure–activity relationship studies. However, incomplete information about their structure–activity relationship prevents the further development of potent and structurally simplified analogues. Herein we report the first systematic structure–activity relationship study toward the N‐methyldehydroalanine moiety in YM‐254890, by designing and synthesizing seven new analogues. Pharmacological characterization of the seven compounds for Gq/11‐, Gi/o‐ and Gs‐mediated signaling showed that the simplified analogue YM‐19 is the most potent Gq/11inhibitor among the new analogues. This study provides information for the future design of potent and simplified YM‐254890 analogues.


It is part of the pathos of Western theology that it has often believed that while trinitarian theology might well be of edificatory value to those who already believe, for the outsider it is an unfortunate barrier to belief, which must therefore be facilitated by some non-trinitarian apologetic, some essentially monotheistic "natural theology." My belief is the reverse: that because the theology of the Trinity has so much to teach about the nature of our world and life within it, it is or could be the centre of Christianity"s appeal to the unbeliever, as the good news of a God who enters into free relations of creation and redemption with his world. In the light of the theology of the Trinity, everything looks different. [Colin Gunton] 1


Abstract Silicone wristbands have been used to measure exposure to pesticides and other chemicals among children and younger farm workers, but not in older adults. Thus, we aimed to examine exposure to pesticides using silicone wristbands in a small cohort of older adults living on agricultural land, with variable contact with fields and pesticides. We also investigated correlations between pesticide levels on wristbands and urinary pesticide metabolites. Organophosphate (OPH) pesticides and several organochlorines were measured in wristbands worn by 15 males age 70+ (10 farmers using pesticides and 5 non-farmers with no recent pesticide use). Wristbands were worn continuously for 5-days. End-of-day urine samples were collected on days 1-3-5. Spearman correlations and Wilcoxon Scores were calculated. Five pesticides were quantified in the wristbands and detection frequencies ranged from 40-90%. In urine,12 OPH metabolites were quantified, but only 5 were detected in >50% of the samples. None of 5 urinary herbicides were detected. Imputation was performed by dividing minimum-detect by square-root-2. Malathion was only detected in farmers compared to non-farmers. Correlations between OPH urinary metabolites and wristband were examined but only two were significant and were negative in direction. Notably, organochlorine DDE on the wristbands was significantly correlated with 3 OPH metabolites. These unexpected relationships, based on small numbers, suggest a need to replicate this work in a larger study sample to explore potential for confounding or mixtures in future studies of pesticides and health in older farmers.


The translation of Herwig Wolframs Das Reich und die Germanen provides for the English speaking public a wide-ranging, synthetic description of the interaction of the Germanic peoples and the Romans from the third to the eighth centuries E. C. This confusing succession of Germanic tribes and their tangled relations with the Romans are brilliantly set within a historical and theoretical framework based on the idea that the Germans were not strongly defined tribes who overran the Roman Empire. Yet the present volume offers the reader a challenge. The methodological and theoretical bases for Wolfram's approach set out in the first two chapters are, unfortunately, far too elliptical and dense to be easily understood. One must turn to Wolfram's other works to get a full discussion of a concept of key importance to this book, ethnogenesis, a word that does not here even appear in the index. (A more recent short volume, Die Germanen, appeared in 1995 and provides a better introduction to this idea as well.) For Wolfram, ethnogenesis is the process whereby the barbarians of late antiquity came together to identify themselves as an ethnic group. In his view, the barbarians were not originally tribes, but armed groups of men who served the empire. Their profession gave them their mobility. As these heterogeneous people came together to serve, the successful military king (reiks, rex) and his army and nobles would attract followers. But to attract even more men, the barbarian kings and nobles told stories derived from non-Roman sources about their royal lineage and descent from the pagan gods. These myths, combined with military success, augmented the appeal of the military king and his nobles. In time, as these groups settled within an area and attracted locals, these stories turned into migration myths. In this way, the armed group developed an ethnic identity; full ethnogenesis had occured. Wolfram's conceptualization of ethnogenesis is important, for it, along with the work of scholars like Wenskus, has transformed scholarly notions of the "barbarian invasions and migrations" in the late empire. These were not the destructive movements of foreigners who brought on the decline of Rome, but the product of Roman culture interacting with groups within its territories. Wolfram's view also lies behind the present book, in which he devotes chapters 5 through 14 to an analysis of the political and military fates of each of the Germanic peoples from their mythical/legendary genesis into late antiquity. Yet the reader interested in the components of ethnogenesis finds a far


The e Keywords: Role Of The School Committee. Supervision. The BOS Program. RKASstablishment of school Committee based on the decision of the Minister of national education Number O44/U/2002 as a standalone institution/agency story based on each unit of education aims to confront and channeling apirasi/community initiatives in the operational policy of the school to give birth as well as encouraging the role of the community. creating a transparent atmosphere. accountable, democratic and in organizing and educational services in the education unit. As part of organizing education, supervision and the school Committee role in the BOS program in educational units begins as the giver consideration and support for the preparation of the plan of activities of the school budget (RKAS) Fund BOS. Later, the school Committee also plays an active role in monitoring the BOS Programme implementation. In this study, the theory concept is the theory advanced by supervision Brantas, explained that the oversight in an activity/program includes process sets the standard (the role). the Act assessment and conduct the stair steps of improvement. If there are deviations in order for the purpose of implementation and according to plan. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method of data collection instruments include observation, interviews. the study of library-related research objectives. The research results show that the Committee role of State junior school 5 Rupat in oversight of Operational Assistance Program School (BOS) in the state Junior high school 5 Rupat of Bengkalis Regency has not run optimally. where the school Committee does not play a role in giving considerations compose RKAS and embody and encourage community participation in program activities of the BOS. The school Committee also did not perform the Act assessment on the implementation of the BOS programme with a plan that has been set. Consequently there is no corrective actions (correction) done School Committee. Keywords: Role Of The School Committee. Supervision. The BOS Program. RKAS


Objective:
To compare the effects of cladribine tablet treatment versus placebo over 2 years in CLARITY on the proportion of patients free from a 6-month sustained change in expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score.
 Background:
The CLARITY study showed that cladribine tablets significantly reduced relapse rates and MRI measures of disease activity and slowed disability progression over 2 years in patients with RRMS. The prespecified endpoint of confirmed disability progression was over a 3-month period, although a 6-month period may provide a more comprehensive and reliable measure. Here, a post-hoc analysis of change in 6-month confirmed EDSS progression in CLARITY is described.
 Methods:
In CLARITY, RRMS patients were randomized to treatment with placebo or cladribine tablets (3.5 or 5.25 mg/kg of bodyweight) over 2 years. The time to 6-month confirmed disability progression was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with fixed effects for treatment group and EDSS at baseline. The proportion of patients free from a 6-month sustained change in EDSS score over 96 weeks was obtained by calculating hazard ratios (HR) and Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimates for treatment groups during CLARITY.
 Results:
Compared with patients who received placebo, the time to 6-month confirmed EDSS progression was significantly delayed in those treated with cladribine 3.5 mg/kg (HR 0.53 [95[percnt] CI: 0.36, 0.79] P=0.0016), consistent with a 47[percnt] risk reduction, and 5.25 mg/kg (HR 0.68 [95[percnt] CI: 0.47, 0.97] P=0.0332), consistent with a 32[percnt] risk reduction. The present findings are consistent with previous analyses (which used 3-month sustained disability progression) in which treatment with cladribine 3.5 mg/kg or 5.25 mg/kg was shown to significantly improve 3-month confirmed disability progression versus placebo.
 Conclusions:
Treatment with cladribine 3.5 mg/kg significantly reduced the risk of 6-month confirmed EDSS progression over 2 years in RRMS patients.
Study supported by: Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany. Disclosure: Dr. Cook has received personal compensation for activities with Merck Serono, Bayer HealthCare, Sanofi-Aventis, Neurology Reviews, Biogen Idec, Teva Pharmaceuticals, and Actinobac Biomed Inc. Dr. Rammohan has received personal compensation for activities with EMD Serono, Biogen Idec, Sanofi-Aventis, Genzyme Corporation, Novartis, Teva Neurosciences, Acorda and Roche/Genentech Inc. as a speaker and committee member. Dr. Rieckmann has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer, Biogen Idec, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Merck-Serono, Teva, and Genzyme. Dr. Soelberg-Sorensen has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Novartis, Genmab, Teva, Elan, and GlaxoSmithKline, Inc. Dr. Vermersch has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Sanofi, Bayer, Novartis, Merck Serono, GlaxoSmithKline, and Almirall. Dr. Vermersch has received research support from Biogen Idec, Sanofi, Bayer, and Merck Serono. Dr. Hicking has received personal compensation for activities with Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany as an employee. Dr. Dangond has received personal compensation for activities with EMD Serono, Inc. as an employee. Dr. Giovannoni has received personal compensation for activities with AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Biogen, Bayer HealthCare, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Sanofi-Aventis, Teva, Ironwood, and Novartis.


Most early studies of the effects of divorce on children and adolescents were framed by a deficit-model assumption that nonnuclear family forms produce undesirable outcomes for children (Marotz-Baden, Adams, Bueche, Munro, Munro, 1979). Studies were based on a social-address model of research (Bronfenbrenner & Crouter, 1983) in which assessments of children living at the social address of "broken home" were made with the assumption that any way in which those children were not doing well was a result of their parents' divorce. In contrast, in recent years, family processes have begun to supplant family "address" as the focal point of studies of divorce and youth (e.g., Buchanan, Maccoby, & Dornbusch, 1992). The next step in this line of study is to explore "process-by-context interactions" (Steinberg, Mounts, Lamborn, & Dombusch, 1991, p. 20), or ways in which family processes vary as a function of the context in which they occur. Such research would provide evidence regarding what Bronfenbrenner and Crouter (1983) have termed person-process-context relationships in development. In the present study, we test a process-by-context model by asking whether fathers' interest in their adolescents (a family process) is differentially related to adolescent self-esteem in two different contexts: two-parent, always-married families versus postdivorce, mother-headed families. A relationship between paternal interest and adolescent self-esteem seems likely given that self-esteem, according to the symbolic interactionism viewpoint (Cooley, 1902; Mead, 1934), is a product of parents' appraisals of their adolescent, as reflected in the complexion of daily parent-child interactions (see Rosenberg, 1979). Adolescents' perceptions of parental support, interest, and participation in their lives, which consistently have been found to correlate with adolescent self-esteem (Bachman, 1970; Coopersmith, 1967; Rosenberg, 1965; Thomas, Gecas, Weigert, & Rooney, 1974), no doubt reflect a positive parental appraisal in the adolescent's mind. From this perspective, it is adolescents' perceptions of parents' attitudes, rather than parents' actual attitudes, that constitute the critical influence on self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1979). In that case, would we expect an impact on adolescent self-esteem when parents divorce? In the months and years following a divorce, it is common for nonresidential fathers' involvement with their children to wane (e.g., Furstenberg, Spanier, & Rothschild, 1982). If adolescents' perceptions of parents' attitudes exert an influence on self-esteem, then a father's apparent loss of interest following divorce might be expected to do injury to adolescent self-esteem. Then again, the relationship between adolescent self-esteem and postdivorce paternal interest may vary over the course of adolescence. During the adolescent years, peers progressively displace parents as the "significant others" with the greatest impact on self-esteem (Harter, 1990). In addition, when parents have divorced, older adolescents' adult-like cognitive abilities allow them to understand many divorce-related realities (Kalter, 1990) and may lessen the impact of such factors as nonresidential parents' seeming disinterest, when it occurs. In fact, where postdivorce well-being is concerned, adolescents' cognitive abilities are particularly pertinent, for the process by which children and adolescents make sense of divorce-related experiences includes making causal attributions about outcomes that are largely negative (Kurdek, 1986). Either, internal or external factors can be used to explain outcomes that one might have influenced, such as a father's degree of interest in oneself. If cause is attributed to internal factors, or one's personal characteristics, self-esteem may suffer (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978). In such circumstances, individuals may guard their self-esteem by making "defensive attributions" (Shaver, 1970, p. …


Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely employed in wireless communications, and the performance can be enhanced with the assistance of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). However, the finite energy of UAVs greatly limits the endurance and becomes a bottleneck for IRS-UAV communications. In this paper, an integrated IRS-UAV communication scheme is proposed where the IRS is mounted on the UAV to connect the base station and the ground user. We present two schemes to maximize the spectrum efficiency (SE) and the energy efficiency (EE) of the system by jointly optimizing the active beamforming, passive beamforming and UAV trajectory. First, to tackle the SE maximization problem, we divide it into three subproblems to optimize the variables iteratively. For the active and passive beamforming, the closed-form solutions can be directly derived. The suboptimal trajectory design can be obtained by utilizing the successive convex approximation. Furthermore, considering the limited on- broad energy of UAV, a scheme to maximize the EE is proposed. The optimal active beamforming and the passive beamforming can be similarly obtained. For the non-convex fractional programming of trajectory optimization, it can be solved via the Dinkelbach's method. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are effective for the IRS-UAV networks to maximize the SE and EE, respectively.


A number of feline blood borne agents have been grown, amplified or have induced serum antibodies in the serum of cats with clinical signs like fever. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to provide an update on the diagnosis and management of fever associated with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella spp, Ehrlichia spp., haemoplasmas, and Rickettsia spp. infections of cats. Please also see the AAFP Panel report on feline bartonellosis (www.catvets.com) and the ACVIM Ehrlichia Consensus Statement (www.acvim.org) for further information.


The science of Acoustics deals with the propagation of mechanical waves in the three phases of materials, solids, liquids, and gases. In exploration and reservoir engineering, acoustic wave velocities play an essential role in reservoir description. The primary challenge in the initial evaluation and characterization of reservoirs is related to the understanding of its geology, petrophysics, and geomechanics. Therefore, an accurate estimation of acoustic wave velocities and rock porosity is essential for better reservoir description and performance as well as a better forecast of seismic properties. In this reseach, the primary objective is to analyze the texture, mineralogy, porosity and permeability data of outcrop carbonate rock samples to study the impact of confining pressure on wave velocities. Furthermore, an empirical correlation is proposed for relating porosity with acoustic properties.
 Ninety outcrops samples are collected from Dam Formation in Al-Lidam area in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia to develop a correlation. The carbonate samples varies from mudstone to grainstone facies. The samples are collected, prepared, and tested for this experimental study based on API standards. Compressional and shear wave velocities of carbonate rocks are measured under dry and fully brine-saturated conditions for 5 to 25 MPa effective confining pressures at room temperature. Moreover, porosity and permeability are measured using three different techniques, viz., AP-608 Automated Porosimeter-Permeameter, Helium Porosimeter, and thin section technique. Finally, the results are compared with those from other studies related to the same area.
 A state-of-the-art review is presented on seismic properties, relationship with porosity and acoustics in addition to the current trend and the future challenges in the area. The laboratory investigations for this study reveals that Al-Lidam area has different types of facies. The results also show that both compressional and shear wave velocities increase as the confining pressure on the dry samples increase. However, the compressional wave velocities increased and the shear wave velocities decreased with confining pressure under fully saturated conditions. A new correlation is presented for carbonate rocks to predict porosity from acoustic wave velocities.
 This study will help in improving the exploration efforts as well as give a better explanation for reservoir characterization, facies recognition, geophysical interpretation, and engineering calculations. This attempt will open a new research area for engineers and scientists to study the effect of variation in different properties on wave velocities.


ABSTRACT This meta-analysis compared the effects of dietary intervention versus iron supplementation on biochemical parameters related to the iron nutritional status in humans. The PubMed, CENTRAL, LILACS, SCIELO, OPENGREY.EU and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for randomized clinical trials that assigned individuals to a dietary intervention or to an iron supplementation regimen, for 12 weeks or more. The primary outcome was the hemoglobin concentration, and secondary outcomes were ferritin, RDW, mean corpuscular volume, soluble transferrin receptor, total iron binding capacity, serum iron, and transferrin saturation. From the 6095 records identified, twelve studies were included, six with children, five with adolescents/adults, and one with pregnant women. In the subgroup of studies that included anemic/iron deficient children, supplementation significantly increased the hemoglobin concentration (weighted mean difference (WMD): 3.19 g/L [95% CI: 1.31, 5.07]) and induced a significantly greater reduction of the soluble transferrin receptor (WMD: −0.46 mg/L [95% CI: −0.70, −0, 21]), when compared to dietary intervention. It also induced a greater reduction of the total binding capacity of iron in adolescents/adults (WMD: −6.96 μmol/L [95% CI: −12.70, −1.21]). Supplementation showed a better effect on hemoglobin recovery in anemic/iron deficient children, while no differences were observed between supplementation and dietary intervention in treating adolescents/adults.


The intradermal tuberculin test has been the major diagnostic tool in the diagnosis and thus reduction of incidence of tuberculosis of cattle in the United States. Tuberculosis of cattle has been reduced from an infection rate of 50 per 1,000 to less than 1 per 1,000 in the United States. As this level has been reduced, the cost of finding an infected animal has increased greatly. While newer and less costly methods of case finding have been developed, additional ones of increased efficiency are needed.


The Linked Brazilian Amazon Rainforest Data contains observations about deforestation of rainforests and related things such as rivers, road networks, population, amount of cattle, and market prices of agricultural products. The Linked Data approach offers thus to combine ecological, economical and social dimensions together. Our aim has been to 1 dramatically shorten the time needed to collect information for a research setting concerning the Brazilian Amazon, and 2 via the linkage between datasets enable novel types of transdisciplinary research for the scientific community.


The paper investigates the effects of clime conditions on collected tax revenues, based on a panel-model approach. The data-set includes 123 countries and covers the period 1996-2010. The main results show that the assumed function is linear, the clime conditions heaving a significant impact on collected tax revenues. Overall, the collected tax revenues tend to increase under cool, polar or boreal climate. The paper extends the literature in the field by focusing on the clime implications in economy and finds new evidences regarding the determinants of collected tax revenues.(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)


Scholars debate whether the reference to Satan in Rom 16:20a should be identified with God's supernatural adversary or with Paul's opponents described in 16:17–19. The latter position is preferred for two reasons. First, while most scholars agree that that there is some sort of allusion to Gen 3:15 in 16:20a, the entire pericope—16:17–20a—contains language that reflects Gen 3. Paul utilizes language and motifs from the Eden narrative in order to compare the tactics of his opposition to those of the serpent. When Paul says that "the God of peace will crush Satan under your feet shortly," this reference to Satan presupposes the allusion to Gen 3 in Rom 16:17–19 and indicates that Satan should be identified with the opponents. Second, Mary Douglas's anthropological model, grid and group theory, is applied to explore the social tensions between Paul and his opposition. Paul uses what Douglas calls a "witchcraft accusation" by demonizing the opposition with satanic labels. The application of this social science model reinforces the conclusion that Satan should be understood as human opponents rather than a supernatural enemy.


In this paper we show a self-consistent methodology to characterize the stress-induced mobility variation in silicon-based devices. The synergy among different experimental techniques (the application of an external mechanical stress and the measure of the process-induced stress), theoretical calculations (based on the finite elements method and the band structure calculation), and silicon validation (given by particular sets of test structures) is the strength of the characterization tool we propose.


This paper holds to establish a soft pre-compact map and to investigate its associations with soft pre-compact maps, almost soft pre-compact maps, A-almost soft compact maps, A*-almost soft compact maps, mildly soft semi-compact maps, M-mildly soft compact maps besides M*-mildly soft compact maps which are utilized from the relations between their spaces under some conditions or without conditions. Consequently, the composition factors of soft pre-compact maps with soft pre-compact maps, almost soft pre-compact maps, and mildly soft pre-compact maps, A-almost soft compact maps, M-mildly soft compact maps are studied based on the previous association between them. Many examples are given to explain the relationships between the topologies and relations of the soft set.


Supervisory Committee Dr. Robert Anthony (Department of Curriculum and Instruction) Supervisor Dr. James Nahachewsky (Department of Curriculum and Instruction) Departmental Member This project examines the theoretical and practical applications of implementing a connected classrooms video-conferencing program in a British Columbia School District. There were two guiding questions for this project: (1) How can implementing a connected classroom program increase the range and frequency of course/program offerings? (2) What are the quality teaching and learning opportunities associated with connecting classrooms through technology? The project had two defined stages: proposal and implementation of a district connected classrooms pilot program; and observations about the levels of success for implementation in classrooms. Through a synthesis of current literature regarding connecting classrooms using technology it was determined opportunities existed to increase the range and frequency of course offerings in a shrinking district. The initiation of this program has yet to result in an increase in the range and frequency of course offerings. Further, it was established that the use of video conferencing and other connective technologies did lead to highly engaging learning experiences with opportunities for high quality teaching and learning moments. PROPOSING AND IMPLEMENTING A CONNECTED CLASSROOMS PROGRAM iii


The effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation from cellular base station exposure on human health are discussed in this review. Because of technological development, electromagnetic emissions are present at high levels in human existence. Due to the health risks linked with exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR), its effects are known. The systematic review work was done to identify measured values of non-ionizing radiation (such as power density and electric and magnetic fields) emitted by phones and GSM base stations, along with any potential biological consequences connected with the measured values. In the literature, all measurements of power density, electric fields, and magnetic fields were made using various instruments over a variety of base station distances and times. The findings from the literature showed that the non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation's power density, electric field, and magnetic field varied with distance from the tower and were highest at the closest distances. The findings also demonstrate that, in some situations, home exposure levels to base station-emitted non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation are within the limit. In some instances, however, the situation varies, and persons living close to base stations experience health effects from high levels of non-ionizing electromagnetic field exposure. The biological effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation exposure in homes are summarized in this article. Numerous studies to date have established the dangers of mobile phone base station radiation to people and wildlife. The negative biological effects of exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation were compiled from numerous articles. Residents who are exposed to higher levels of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation at home are more likely to experience symptoms like fatigue, nausea, disturbed sleep, discomfort, headache, memory loss, skin problems, visual disturbances, hearing problems, dizziness, muscle pain, DNA damage, and infertility. Some mobile base stations are situated quite close to homes and commercial buildings, putting individuals at risk from the base stations' electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the infrastructure impediment, such as interior obstructions or buildings, the emf changed from location to location. As a result, cellular mobile towers shouldn't be placed closer than 200 meters from residential structures.


A stream serve the functions of different water utilization, flood control, and the environment, and contributes to the development of national life and culture. On the other hand, it is difficult to efficiently evaluate various projects, such as effectiveness verification and comparison between projects, because the evaluation procedures and evaluation techniques of projects are not uniform and different for each institution. Therefore, a standardization technology was developed for a post-assessment of stream projects that can recognize stream problems and comprehensively evaluate stream-related projects. To this end, various projects, such as project evaluation techniques, national R&D projects, and social welfare projects, were compared and analyzed, and the standardization stages of the project were first suggested. In addition, based on the standardization stage, the evaluation indices for each stage were derived to develop an evaluation table that can evaluate stream-related projects comprehensively. Finally, it is possible to prevent the repeated use of failure factors in the planned projects.


Position detection method is applied in industrial production. Some of these methods can ensure positioning accuracy but poor ability to resist pollution, some lower cost but positioning is not accurate. In this paper, we study the Gray bus location system can be used in linear or circular displacement detection. Gray bus location system has a precise location. Its ability to resist pollution is strong, waterproof. Gray bus location system detecting the unloading cars real time location, then, let the signal of real-time location transmitted to MCU.MCU converts the signal into switch signal to control the discharging car running. Through Gray bus position detection device and control system to work together, can realize the unloading car walk smoothly, the stop position accurately.


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Recent radiation accidents have dramatically shown that radiation damage to the skin is a key diagnostic and prognostic parameter for patients who have been accidentally exposed to radiation. The precise role of the cutaneous system in radiation-induced multi-organ failure (RIMOF) is not yet completely understood. However, there is evidence suggesting that radiation-induced skin damage may play an important role as a factor triggering the failure of other organ systems. Based on this premise, this paper discusses clinical and molecular biological aspects of cutaneous radiation reactions. It draws attention to particular problems and future challenges regarding the clinical management of this condition and emphasises the need for further studies that will help us to understand better the pathophysiology of RIMOF in association with the skin.


Tributyltin(TBT) used to be widely used as biocides in antifouling paints,but now has been banned in different degrees due to its harmful effects on marine ecosystems.Based on rich references,this paper analyzed relationship between legislations against TBT and concentrations of TBT in marine sediment.At least 22 countries or areas have legislations against TBT and 59.1%of them are in Europe.Most of the legislations were published before 1991.IMO legislation to ban TBT totally will come into force on September 17,2008.In the world scale, TBT in sediment did not show significant decrease during 1986 to 2006.In contrast,TBT in sediment was a little higher after 1990s' than before.It was mainly due to the great development of marine transportations,the limited countries with legislation and the global pollution of TBT. As for the areas with registrations against TBT,TBT in sediment usually did not decrease significantly until 4~5 years later.Partial legislation of TBT had positive effect on controlling TBT pollution in small harbors.However,TBT pollution in sediment got worse in those countries without legislation of TBT in recent years.Due to the lag effect of TBT legislation and the slow degradation of TBT in sediment,it will take more decades for TBT concentrations to decrease in sediment and water,and for a ecosystem to recover effectively.


Flooding is one of the environmental problems that have constituted a major concern in Bayelsa State of Nigeria especially with the attendance risk of disaster to the built environment and socioeconomic activities. The study is an attempt to address the issues of flood disaster in Bayelsa State with particular focus on assessing the parameters for sustainable property development in the study specific area. A case study research design was used for the study. The major instrument of data collection was questionnaire designed in a 5-point Likert scale. A total sample size of 90 respondents was drawn from the professionals in the built industry by using convenience random sampling out of which 63 responses were obtained. The data collected were analysed through descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that the traditional method of direct construction on the site is commonly used in the study area thus, there is need for design re-orientation to inculcate other modern methods/models of sustainable construction in order to achieve sustainable property development in Bayelsa built environment. Furthermore, the sustainability criteria of environmental, economic and social variables indicated that the most important factors areraising of building elevation higher than the flood water level (0.98), use of sustainable building materials (0.95), avoidance of building on flood plains (0.90), maximization of land and space use 0.90), visual comfort and adequate lighting (0.93)which are all essential for consideration in making property development sustainable in Yenagoa, Bayelsa. Therefore, for an improved environment in Bayelsa State, strict enforcement of building codes and rules is necessary, building on flood plains should be discouraged, use of sustainable and high standard building materials for property development should be maintained. Hence, government should enact relevant laws to enhance the quality of built environment and as well educate the stakeholders in the property development/construction industry.


We study the consistency and convergence of the cell-centered Finite Volume (FV) external approximation of H 1 0 (Ω), where a 2D polygonal domain Ω is discretized by a mesh of convex quadrilaterals. The discrete FV derivatives are defined by using the so-called Taylor Series Expansion Scheme (TSES). By introducing the Finite Difference (FD) space associated with the FV space, and comparing the FV and FD spaces, we prove the convergence of the FV external approximation by using the consistency and convergence of the FD method. As an application, we construct the discrete FV approximation of some typical elliptic equations, and show the convergence of the discrete FV approximations to the exact solutions.


Applying the theory of generalized functions we obtain the Shannon sampling theorem for entire functions F(z) of exponential growth and give its error estimate which shows how much the error depends on the sampling size and bandwidth for given domain of the signal F(z). As an application we obtain a uniqueness theorem for entire functions and temperature functions.


This paper presents two extensions of Kalker's algorithm Fastsim of the simplified theory of rolling contact. The first extension is for solving tangential contact problems with the coefficient of friction depending on slip velocity. Two friction laws have been considered: with and without recuperation of the static friction. According to the tribological hypothesis for metallic bodies shear failure, the friction law without recuperation of static friction is more suitable for wheel and rail than the other one. Sample results present local quantities inside the contact area (division to slip and adhesion, traction) as well as global ones (creep forces as functions of creepages and rolling velocity). For the coefficient of friction diminishing with slip, the creep forces decay after reaching the maximum and they depend on the rolling velocity. The second extension is for solving tangential contact problems with friction anisotropy characterised by a convex set of the permissible tangential tractions. The effect of the anisotropy has been shown on examples of rolling without spin and in the presence of pure spin for the elliptical set. The friction anisotropy influences tangential tractions and creep forces. Sample results present local and global quantities. Both extensions have been described with the same language of formulation and they may be merged into one, joint algorithm.


This dissertation consists of a 13,842 word review of the published literature relating to the historical and current police corruption position within England and Wales.
The review will primarily examine drug related corruption and information leakage within the police service and will seek to provide a contemporary perspective in relation to the causes of corruption and methodology that may counter it.
From existing literature and a review of published cases whereby police employees have been convicted or cautioned for corruption, the review will prove that corruption is not endemic, but is continual and widespread throughout England and Wales. It will show that there are clear links between information leakage and drug related corruption and will provide a perceived level in relation to the scale of corruption.
Whilst present within police culture, the review will indicate that on the whole the code of silence has a very minimal impact in relation to drug deviance and information leakage and that there is a strong willingness to report such corruption, but less willingness where the leakage is as a consequence of social network discussions or where drug abuse is steroid related.
The review will examine national and international counter corruption strategies and make recommendations which if implemented will provide a significantly more robust counter corruption model for policing within England and Wales.


New explicit expressions of the insertion voltage-ratio function V_{20}(s) / V_{2}(s) - k Q(s) / F(s) [1] and the reflection function \Sigma (s) = H(s) / Q(s) for the mid-shunt (mid-series) low-pass LC ladder filters in terms of the network element values are given. The relation that exists among the polynomials Q(s), F(s) , and H(s) , i.e., FF \ast = QQ \ast - HH \ast , is also derived from the established expressions.


To provide a data transfer method in a wireless communication system. 8. A data transfer method through code sequence in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: grouping the input data sequence into a plurality of blocks comprising at least one or more bits, mapping each block to the corresponding signature sequence, a plurality the method comprising the block multiplied by a specific code sequence to the mapped signature sequence column (signature sequence stream), and configured to include the steps of transferring to the receiving side multiplied signature sequence columns for a particular code sequence. .The 16


Abstract : Hydrocarbon oil MAS-35, pour point minus 35 degrees, was mixed with 10, 20, 30, and 50 percent polysiloxane liquid as lubricant No. 6 decreasing the pour point of the mixtures to minus 41, minus 51, minus 57, and minus 65 degrees, respectively. Another polysiloxane liquid No. 7 gave a greater effect, decreasing the pour point to minus 62 degrees when 30 percent of it was added. Addition of polysiloxane liquid also improved the antiwear properties of the oil. The characteristics of the oil MAS-35 added with the polysiloxane are tabulated. The viscosity decrease of the mixtures is shown graphically. (Author)


Single photons - discrete wavepackets of light - are one of the most fundamental entities in physics. In recent years, the ability to consistently create and manipulate both single photons and pairs of photons has facilitated everything from tests of quantum theory to the implementation of quantum-enhanced precision measurements. These activities all fall within the scope of the rapidly-growing field of quantum information - the exploitation of the properties of quantum states (and specifically their capability to exist in superpositions) to accomplish tasks that would not be possible with classical objects. One stated goal of research in quantum information is to build a device consisting of a network of quantum logic gates that can evaluate quantum algorithms. The photonic implementation of individual logic gates has already been demonstrated. However, partly due to standard methods of preparing single photons, current schemes have severe limitations in terms of scaling up from a single logic gate to multiple concatenated operations. Until now it has not been proven that single photons can be generated in pure and indistinguishable quantum states, something upon which the successful operation of optical quantum logic gates relies. This thesis presents an experimental demonstration of simultaneous generation of almost identical single photons in highly pure states from two independent sources based on parametric downconversion. This is a process of photon pair generation during the passage of a light beam through a nonlinear crystal; one photon from the resulting pair is detected to herald the other. The work herein describes, refines, and implements a technique that minimises the strong quantum correlations usually present within each pair by spectral engineering of the source. This allows the heralded single photons to be in pure states, a property that is confirmed by observing a high-visibility two-photon interference effect without spectral filtering.


This paper offers the results and a discussion of a follow-up study of closed family cases after ten months of operation of a new family therapy agency. The sample consisted of 75 families, all of whom received a mailed questionnaire asking their opinions as to the effectiveness of the therapy they received at "The Family Centre", and a description of the type of change that may have occurred in their family. Every fourth questionnaire contained an additional question concerning the family's availability for an interview. Further information was obtained from the therapists, who rated their own performance by answering questions similar to those on the posted questionnaire. Comparisons were made between client and therapist as to their definition of the nature of the problem and the amount of help given. The results indicated that most families who came to The Family Centre in 1979 considered the problems they presented with were overcome at least to some extent. Sixty-nine percent of those who attended more than one interview said there had been considerable improvement. Further support for the results was found in the therapists' assessments which were similar to those of the families, and from the follow-up interviews. These results agreed with earlier family therapy consumer satisfaction studies.


Battery energy storage systems have been widely used especially with renewable energy resources. This will lead to irregular cycling operations of the battery. Thus, it is very important in planning and operations of energy storage to model battery degradation and the cost associated with it. In this paper, a simple degradation model of the battery is developed considering cycle aging. An aging factor which is dependent on Depth of Discharge (DoD) is derived for a Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) battery using accelerated aging test data. The model developed is validated using measured degradation data. Further models for other types of lithium-ion battery chemistries are illustrated. Main objective is to provide a universal degradation model that can be used to evaluate the battery aging and required size based on a known power profile.


A comparison of RTTOVSCATT with ARTS and AMSU observations, using the Met Office mesoscale model short range forecasts of cloud ice and liquid water


We show that the Pocklington integral equation for time-domain scattering from thin-wire antennas is not mathematically well-posed. This has considerable implications for numerical solution schemes. In particular, our argument explains the observed occurrence of rapidly oscillating errors in numerical solutions as the numerical grid sizes are reduced.


The belief that 'we are all in it together' is more important than other factors in explaining why the UK public has complied with lockdown measures so far, early data suggests. Jonathan Jackson, Chris Posch, Ben Bradford, Zoe Hobson, Arabella Kyprianides, and Julia Yesberg discuss the first findings of a survey on lockdown compliance in ten UK cities.


Our objective in this study is to clarify, by some experiments, that there would be a different response and that subjective appraisal differs when audible sound types change even under the same sound level. So far various methods that we, appraise sound environment by our subjectivity, have been proposed and utilized. But we have seen a few study cases about the correlation between sound types, subjective appraisal, and, moreover, sound level. In this research, we have surveyed environmental noise in terms of data obtained by physical quantity (LAeq), and subjective appraisal and audible noise types, then examined the correlation between them. Consequently we could confirm their audible sound types might influence noise level and subjective appraisal. Moreover, as a result of the surveillance of noise environment along boulevards, commercial, and residential areas, the sound heard in each area constitutes the same ratios. The data obtained by subjective appraisal on each area is almost the same. This fac...


QT interval is a predictor of arrhythmia and sudden death. Genome‐wide association studies identified LITAF (lipopolysaccharide‐induced TNF factor) as one of the novel loci associated with a significant QT prolongation. Our goal is to investigate and understand the role of LITAF in regulating cardiac excitation.


Derwent publication No. 2006-307254 to Illmann, U. for patent (21) Appl. No.: 13/627,623 family DE 102004051147A1 dated Apr. 20, 2006 entitled "Pulse train generating method for Scanning laser distance measuring appa (22) Filed: Sep. 26, 2012 ratus in passive optical multiplier, with pulse of pulsed laser, e.g. (51) Int. Cl microchip laser led by optical cable or fibre into radiation splitter for nt. C. ..?? : proceSSIng. GOIC 23/00 (2006.01) (Continued) G05D I/02 (2006.01)


The renaissance of play-writing in Britain, usually dated from the opening in May 1956 of John Osborne's Look Back in Anger, and the astonishing number of important dramatists it has brought to the fore, are among the most intriguing phenomena of the English-speaking world's recent cultural history. Undoubtedly the Education Act of 1945 was a contributing factor: it opened up the educational ladder for talented young people from social classes that had hitherto been barred from institutions of higher learning. But another, perhaps equally important, element that may have played a part in setting this "new wave" in motion was certainly the emergence of the electronic media, radio and television, and their availability as outlets for the production and diffusion of drama. By what was perhaps no more than an accident of history, Britain was spared, at least initially, the linkage between the mass media and advertising which has turned radio and television into cultural wastelands in the United States.


Objective To observe the renal artery anatomy and tumor feeding arteries in patients with renal cell carcinoma using 256-slice CT angiography,and to provide preoperative image information for renal cell carcinoma patients.MethodsRenal artery CTA data of 56 patients with renal cell carcinoma confirmed by pathology(renal cancer group)and 300 nonrenal cancer patients(control group)were retrospectively analyzed.VR and MPR were used to reconstruct renal artery images to observe the tumor feeding of kidney artery morphological changes,the spatial anatomical relationship of tumor and renal artery anatomy,and the situation of the vagus arteries of the tumor.The incidence rate of renal artery anatomy variation was compared between renal cancer group and control group.Results In renal cancer group,the tumor located on the left kidney in 31,on the right kidney 24,and on bilateral kidney in 1case.The average maximum size of the masses was(5.86±2.48)cm,the main renal artery and the branches,the renal pelvis and the renal vein showed a variety compressed and invaded changes.The diameter of renal artery on the lesion side was(7.14±0.72)mm(left)and(7.04±0.70)mm(right),which was more thicker than normal renal artery(left:[5.98±0.58]mm,right:[5.92±0.54],P0.05).Totally 27 feeding arteries to the tumor were found outside from kidney as follows:Splenic artery,inferior mesenteric artery,inferior phrenic artery,lumbar artery,superior mesenteric artery,hepatic arterial and renal capsular artery.There was no difference in mutation rate of renal artery between renal cancer group and control group(44.64% [25/56]vs 41.67%[125/300],P0.05).Conclusion The performance of tumor vascular morphology of renal cell carcinoma are complex,and the feeding arteries to the mass outside kidney sources diversely,which can be detected by 256-slice spiral CTA accurately.


Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify the problems of clinical instruction of medical residents of Alzahra medical center in Isfahan. Method:In this research, descriptive-survey method was used. The statistical population consisted of medical residents of Isfahan Al-Zahra Hospital. Sampling was done by simple random method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing two parts of demographic questions and questions related to the research objectives. Content validity of the questionnaire was verified by 5 experts in the field of educational planning and its reliability coefficient was 0.94 using Cronbach›s alpha coefficient. Results: Findings showed that the mean scores of teacher's related problems were 2.76, which is less than average in comparison with the average of 3. The mean scores for the environment variable and facilities were 3.23 and 3.63, which in comparison with the mean 3 is higher than the average. Conclusion: Therefore, in resident's point of view, the problems related to the facilities of the hospital were more than the problems that are related to the professor, and it is essential that the deputy of support and training center of the hospital take all the necessary measures into account. Received: 2018/05/29 Accepted: 2018/12/30


The Military-Peace Complex: Gender and Materiality in Afghanistan casts an unset-tling and subverting light on the various spaces and ways in which military power operates. Hannah Partis-Jennings adopts a holistic understanding of the case of Afghanistan as the theater of an international project of (neo)liberal state build-ing, with a focus on the period between 2009 and 2014. She develops and applies the theoretical lens of a military-peace complex (MPC) paradigm. The MPC is described as a conceptual framework in which the everyday performances of and cooperation between the international military and civilian personnel, and their encounters with the Afghan locals, can be observed. This approach redirects claims about Afghanistan ' s supposedly inherently ungovernable and untamable nature toward an analysis of the intervention ' s failure as stemming from within its own structure, logics, and actors.


This paper presents a robust decentralized structure Power System Stabilizer (PSS) design in the frequency domain using M -� structure and a time domain with a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) approach. The approach is demonstrated by designing fixed structure PSS for power plant of Slovakia EMO11. K e y w o r d s: power system stabilizers, LMI, robust control


This paper investigates the effects of uncontrolled use of Google Translate (GT) on the development of students' translation skills. It aims to find out if the current patterns of GT use by translation students could impact their learning outcomes, and if so, in what ways. The study uses think-aloud data from actual translation efforts of four students. Analysis of the four subjects' translations show that their overreliance on GT for first drafts reduced their propensity to search for equivalents. However, when students post-edit poorly constructed GT sentences, they carry out a process of analysis and synthesis similar to the process of translating from scratch. The study concludes that post-editing GT translation is beneficial for translation students' development of translation skills, but it warns against introducing or allowing its use at the elementary stages of translation training.


Flow set and control expert system of hot stoves for blast furnace is described. The feature is that it does not need perfect basic automation, complex and expensive analysis instrument. According to Angang's practice, expert system is used to set automatically the gas flow and combustion air flow for the hot stoves at different heating periods,to calculate automatically the surplus heating time during waste gas temperature management period and correct the setting flow based on the calculated results. The system can correct the setting flow according to deviation of preheating temperature of gas and air, surplus storage heat, deviation of hot blast temperature and flow. Besides,it can also correct the air valve position when air pressure changes. This system is put into use and gets good results.


This article describes the voyage to Latin America and the first misionary work of the Redemptorists there. Three priests set out from Naples and after many dangers arrived at the Mission of Casanare, Columbia, on November 1, 1859. They were to work among the native people and the colonists. However, their time there was short, because two of them died accidentally and the other was expelled by the Dictator Mosquera. This event is very significant for the history of the C.SS.R and the Church because of its context, the facts and the interest which different Institutions, civil and ecclesiastical persons, beginning with Pope Pius IX, have shown it.


With the development of large field-of-view and high precision star sensor technology, ship attitude can be measured using star sensor, and then the measurement accuracy of measuring equipments in the Spacecraft Tracking, Telemetry and Command (TT&C) ship can be improved greatly. According to the non-Gaussian and nonlinear characteristics of the ship attitude data, a filtering algorithm based on wavelet domain Hidden Markov Model(HMM) model is proposed in this paper. The algorithm establishes models between the wavelet coefficients of ship data using HMM model, which parameters are estimated using expectation maximization method. Experiments show that the model proposed has a smallest variance comparing with the maximum likelihood method and time series method, and also has the best consistency with the estimation of random error.


An analysis of the behaviour of welded fabrications subjected to the action of variable loading systems (fatigue behaviour) is complex. The main reason for this is the welded joint itself which, when presented in the structure, may be the source of fusion, undercutting, gas pores, etc. thus increasing the tendency to fatigue cracking. However, by using the modern methods, choosing suitable basic and filler materials, and by following correct procedures'^ the welding of joints, the above listed initiators of fatigue cracking in the form of welding defects can be either eliminated or their effect minimised. However, the one basic feature of the welded joint which can not be eliminated is its geometry. In the past, the effects of the geometrical parameters of the welded joint were either neglected or received only limited attention. Nowadays, however, such an approach to the problem of geometry of the welded joint is no longer acceptable. This is primarily because of the current state of knowledge in this matter, and, therefore, the known and proved effect of the shape and dimensions of the joint on its fatigue strength. Two types of joints (a double-U, and a cruciform fillet) were considered in this investigation. The welding was carried out by three methods; manual with shielded electrodes, semi-automatic MAG, and the high yield T.I.M.E. The aim of these investigations was to determine the effect of the geometry parameters of the joints on their fatigue strength, and involved the calculation of factors which determine the tendency of the joint to fatigue cracking at a specified number of loading cycles. This kind of approach is currently recommended by the International Institute for Welding (IIW), and the specifications are quoted in Ref.3. Two methods for the calculation of fatigue parameters were used; the analytical and numerical (the method of final elements FEM). The results of these calculations are compared at the end of this article.


Modern industry has great importance in the literature of hadith sciences, hadith scholars paid special attention to the hadith of the Prophet because of its sanctity linked to human belief, as well as the slander of lying against the Messenger of God (may God bless him and grant him peace). And they were interested in the methods of his narration, because among the basics of accepting the hadith is the methods of its transmission, and one of the scholars who have a long history in this field is Abu Abdullah Al-Bushinji, who died in the year 290 AH / 902 AD. The focus of attention and attention of scholars and narrators of hadith.


This paper examines Eric Havelock's view of Plato's works as a turning point in the transition from a predominantly oral society to a predominantly written culture. There is a paradox between the influence of written abstraction on Plato's thought and the Platonic attack upon writing in the Phaedrus. Havelock's consideration of the influence of written technology upon Plato's thought is outlined and is contrasted with the view of writing expressed by Socrates in the Phaedrus and elsewhere. The essential paradox in associating Plato with the written tradition is that Plato criticizes the written word in the Phaedrus for the same faults attributed to the poets in the Republic. The dimensions of the paradox are considered along five lines. First, it is clear that writing and abstract thought are related in Havelock's view, and yet Plato attacks writing for being "the third place from truth."; Secondly, memory is associated with the oral tradition which Plato attacks so strongly in the Republic, and yet memor...


The XRD patterns of MgF2 at different temperatures is obtained using Xray diffractometer from room temperature to 1000℃. Structural parameters at different temperatures has been refined.The refined results show that pure MgF2 in air is apt to change into MgO, abnormal variation of structural parameters of MgF2 at 700℃ and F atom'site always tends to turn round Mg' with increasing temperature.


Tesi di Dottorato in Geometria Tutor: Ch.ma Prof.ssa Anna Di Concilio Coordinatore: Ch.ma Prof.ssa Patrizia Longobardi Dottoranda: Clara Guadagni Anno Accademico 2014/2015 The main topics of this thesis are local proximity spaces jointly with some bornological convergences naturally related to them, and ωμ−metric spaces, in particular those which are Atsuji spaces (or UC spaces), jointly with their hyperstructures. Local proximities spaces carry with them two particular features: proximity [48] and boundedness [37], [40]. Proximities allow us to deal with a concept of nearness even though not providing a metric. Proximity spaces are located between topological and metric spaces. Boundedness is a natural generalization of the metric boundedness. When trying to refer macroscopic phenomena to local structures, local proximity spaces appear as a very attractive option. For that, jointly with Prof. A. Di Concilio, in a first step we displayed a uniform procedure as an exhaustive method of generating all local proximity spaces starting from unform spaces and suitable bornologies. After that, we looked at suitable topologies for the hyperspace of a local proximity space. In contrast with the proximity case, in which there is no canonical way of equipping the hyperspaces with a uniformity, the same with a proximity, the local proximity case is simpler. Apparently, at the beginning, we have three natural different ways to topologize the hyperspace CL(X) of all closed non-empty subsets of X: we can think at a local Fell hypertopology or a kind of hit and far-miss topology or also a particular uniform bornological topology. We proved that they match. In the light of the previous local proximity results, we looked for necessary and sufficient conditions of uniform nature for two different uniform bornological convergences to match. This led us to focus on a special class of uniformities: those with a linearly ordered base. They are connected with an interesting generalization of metric spaces, ωμ−metric spaces. These spaces are endowed with special distances valued in ordered abelian additive groups. Furthermore, in relation with ωμ−metric spaces, we looked at generalizations of well known hyperspace convergences, as Hausdorff and Kuratowski convergences obtaining analogue results with respect to the standard case, [28].


In this thesis, photoinduced SCO dynamics of single crystal Fe(PM-AzA)2](NCS)2 is studied by DC-RF hybrid femtosecond electron diffraction system (FED). The temporal characteristics of the high brightness electron pulses is characterized by a photo-triggered streak camera. The results of the FED experiment show that the structural changes of the metal and ligand and electronic state changes in the metal atom are concomitant but not simultaneous. The metal-ligand bond elongation, compared to other nuclear motions in the photoinduced SCO, is not a conclusive signature of the photoinduced SCO, and it is coupled to the other nuclear motions in phase transition. The metal-ligand bond elongation (and other nuclear motions) is significantly delayed with respect to the electronic SCO transitions.
In dieser Arbeit wird photoinduzierte SCO-Dynamik von Monokristall Fe(PM-AzA)2](NCS)2) durch die DC-RF-Hybrid-FED untersucht . Die zeitlichen Eigenschaften der Elektronenpulse mit hohen Helligkeit wird von einem photoinduzierten Streak-Kamera gemessen. Die Ergebnisse des FED-Experiments zeigen, dass die Strukturanderungen des Metalls und Ligands und die elektronische Zustandsanderungen in dem Metallatom sind begleitend, aber nicht gleichzeitig. Die Dehnung einer Metall-Ligand-Bindung, im Vergleich zu anderen Kernbewegungen in der photoinduzierten SCO, ist kein ausschlaggebender Faktor des photoinduziertes SCO. Sie wird mit den anderen Kernbewegungen in Phasenubergang kombiniert. Die Dehnung einer Metall-Ligand-Bindung (und andere Kernbewegungen) ist, im Vergleich zu SCO-Dynamiken, signifikant verzogert.


The phrasing o'f this subject hints at an actual condition, not at mere theory; for we are facing a universal complaint, more serious in nature than any before laid at the door of the common schools. The colleges, of course, blame the secondary schools; the secondary schools in turn point to the grades; the grade teacher, already round-shouldered with the burdens heaped upon her, points to the home, to the street, or to the playground, and wearily asks: "How can I overcome in a few short hours the tremendous momentum toward faulty speech acquired before pupils reach my hands ?" Widely different sets of causes have co-operated to induce the prevailing lamentable failure in English instruction which has recently driven college after college to rule that entrance examinations shall hereafter be required in the very elements of English. These causes of failure are either (I) external to, the school itself, and in nature more or less permanent; or (2) due to causes within the school system, and not in nature permanent. The first great cause is external to the schools, and is found in the heterogeneous character of our swarming emigrant population. In public-school buildings Armenian and Russian children touch elbows with Italians and Bohemians; while Germans, Scandinavians, and Poles are equally in evidence. This mixed foreign population forces upon the schools a wholly new problem, so far as language and literature are concerned, which problem is, however, scarcely yet recognized. In fact, there is a general purblind indifference to, this most significant feature of the twentieth-century American schoolroom. However, the teaching of English to, foreigners during the first two school years


A device to be connected in the hydraulic system in a conventional vehicle that includes a body-supporting chassis sprung on wheel-mounted running gear, which device includes relatively movable elements connecting the chassis and running gear adjacent to each of the ground wheels automatically hydraulically actuatable for restricting unsafe movements of the chassis and body relative to the running gear during either straight away movement of the vehicle over the ground, or around curves during normal or abnormal operation of the vehicle and application of the brakes, and which device also performs the function of shock absorbers.


Abstract The effect of processing conditions on the mechanical properties of an injection molded polypropylene/liquid crystalline polymer (PP/LCP) blend was studied. The LCP consisted of a copolymer based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly-(hydroxybenzoic acid). Two PP matrices were used to vary the viscosity ratio of the blend. It was found that the highest flexural moduli were obtained for blends with the PP matrix that provided the highest viscosity ratios (closest to unity). These optimal properties were obtained only at one processing temperature, 250°C. At this temperature, the storage (G′) and loss moduli (G″) of the neat LCP were approximately equivalent. The optimal properties at temperatures where G′ ∼ G″ is in agreement with a prior study of another PP/co-polyester LCP blend [15]. Futhermore, the optimal properties were sensitive to the filling time. This was related to heat transfer via the Graetz number. For thinner molds, higher properties are obtained over a broad range of Graetz numbers (temperatures) while for thicker molds higher properties are obtained only at lower Graetz numbers (temperatures). The dependence of the flexural modulus on the Graetz number was related to the ability to deform the LCP at the advancing front and the ability to freeze the morphology possibly even before cessation of flow.


Abstract Since establishment of the Board of Fish Commissioners in 1873, the trend in Michigan trout fishing regulations has been toward more restrictive and complex laws. Major scientific investigations concerning the effectiveness of various types of regulations began in 1945. Those studies indicated that a minimum size limit was the most effective regulation for controlling exploitation of trout. In this study, minimum size limits for brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Michigan streams were evaluated through mathematical modeling. Minimum size limits ranging from 152 to 229 mm were tested for brook trout and from 152 to 305 mm for brown trout. Catch-and-release (no-kill) regulations were also simulated for both species. Maximum yield in numbers and weight of trout harvested (legal-size fish killed) was obtained at a 152-mm minimum limit for both species. Yield in numbers and weight of trout caught and released (sublegal fish returned to water alive) increased as size ...


Abstract:  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with pancreatic atrophy and compromised digestion of carbohydrates as a result of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and lower alpha‐amylase synthesis and secretion. The reduced production of digestive enzymes is likely to be caused by deregulated protein metabolism. The relative concentrations and phosphorylation of signaling proteins associated with protein translation, such as PKB, p70S6K1, 4E‐BP1, ERK1/2, and also some of those implicated in protein breakdown, such as ubiquitin and NF‐κB, in the pancreas of streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced type I diabetic pancreas were measured using Western blotting. There were significant decreases in the levels of total PKB, p70S6K, 4E‐BP1, ERK1/2, and NF‐κB in the diabetic pancreas compared to control. In contrast, the phosphorylation of p70S6K1, 4E‐BP1, ERK1/2, and protein ubiquitination increased significantly compared to controls. Together, these results indicate that STZ‐induced DM leads to reduced levels of enzymes mediating protein synthesis while their phosphorylation is actually increased, perhaps in an attempt to maintain protein homeostasis, which is further compromised by heightened ubiquitin‐dependent protein breakdown. It is likely that these factors are responsible for pancreatic atrophy, enzyme synthesis, and net protein loss in DM.


The study of quality changes of the garlic bulbs in the coming month after low temperature storage indicated that the bud clove ratio increased rapidly during this period,and got the most increase in the first six days.Allicin content of these two garlic varieties all increased.Both contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein experienced a short-term decrease,and then got back into increase.


The concentrations of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) in chicken meat, chicken gizzard and turkey meat consumed in southern Nigeria were determined after nitric acid/perchloric acid digestion using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The order of the elements in the chicken meat, chicken gizzard and turkey meat was as followed: Fe>Zn>Ni>Cu>Cr>Pb>Cd>Mn. The concentration ranges of the elements were: 23.59–97.72 mg.kg -1 Fe; 0.01–5.15 mg.kg -1 Cu; 4.95–48.23 mg.kg -1 Zn; 0.13–7.93 mg.kg -1 Ni; 0.01–1.37 mg.kg -1 Mn; 0.01–5.68 mg.kg -1 Cd; 0.01–4.60 mg.kg -1 Pb and 0.01–3.43 mg.kg -1 Cr. The concentrations of iron, manganese, copper, zinc were below the permissible limits while those of cadmium, nickel, chromium and lead in some samples were at levels above the permissible limits. The body burden with these elements is very dependent on the concentration of the various elements in major sources of animal protein, namely turkey meat, chicken meat and gizzard, the frequency of consumption of these foods and the rate of detoxification in the human body.


This paper provides a quantitative evaluation of the intra--cohort redistributive elements of the United States social security system in the context of a computable general equilibrium model. I determine how the well--being of individuals that differ across {\sl gender, race} and {\sl education} is affected by government social security policy. I find that females, whites and non--college graduates stand less to gain (lose) from reductions (increases) in the size of social security than males, non--whites and college graduates, respectively. Differences in mortality risk and labor productivity translate into differences in the magnitudes of capital accumulation and labor supply distortions, that are responsible for the observed welfare difference between types. Results imply that the current program is lifetime progressive across gender and education, yet lifetime regressive across race.


Abstract Data-fused and user-friendly design of aero-engine accessories is required because of their structural complexity and stringent reliability. This paper gives an overview of a typical aero-engine control system and the development process of key mechatronic devices used. Several essential aspects of modeling and simulation in the process are investigated. Considering the limitations of a single theoretic model, feature-based co-modeling methodology is suggested to satisfy the design requirements and compensate for diversity of component sub-models for these devices. As an example, a stepper motor controlled Fuel Metering Unit (FMU) is modeled in view of the component physical features using two different software tools. An interface is suggested to integrate the single discipline models into the synthesized one. Performance simulation of this device using the co-model and parameter optimization for its key components are discussed. Comparison between delivery testing and the simulation shows that the co-model for the FMU has a high accuracy and the absolute superiority over a single model. Together with its compatible interface with the engine mathematical model, the feature-based co-modeling methodology is proven to be an effective technical measure in the development process of the device.


Recently, Hastings & Haah introduced a quantum memory defined on the honeycomb lattice. Remarkably, this honeycomb code assembles weight-six parity checks using only two-local measurements. The sparse connectivity and two-local measurements are desirable features for certain hardware, while the weight-six parity checks enable robust performance in the circuit model.In this work, we quantify the robustness of logical qubits preserved by the honeycomb code using a correlated minimum-weight perfect-matching decoder. Using Monte Carlo sampling, we estimate the honeycomb code's threshold in different error models, and project how efficiently it can reach the "teraquop regime" where trillions of quantum logical operations can be executed reliably. We perform the same estimates for the rotated surface code, and find a threshold of 0.2%−0.3% for the honeycomb code compared to a threshold of 0.5%−0.7% for the surface code in a controlled-not circuit model. In a circuit model with native two-body measurements, the honeycomb code achieves a threshold of 1.5%<p<2.0%, where p is the collective error rate of the two-body measurement gate - including both measurement and correlated data depolarization error processes. With such gates at a physical error rate of 10−3, we project that the honeycomb code can reach the teraquop regime with only 600 physical qubits.


ENTSO-E's Perspectives on HVDC SEE: HVDC 2012 - LE COURANT CONTINU HAUTE TENSION Calais, 23 – 24 Octobre 2012 Name of the speaker and the company Energy policy goals • Sustainability/GHG: More renewables, further from the loads More heating and mobility with electricity • Competitiveness/market integration: More long-distance flows • Security of supply More optimal resources sharing European transmission grid – key role in reaching the EU policy goals | name of the speaker| date| Page 2 of 21 ENTSO-E - Where are we heading to? | name of the speaker| date| Page 3 of 21 Why a Ten-Year Network Development Plan? Regulation (EC) 714/2009 – "In order to ensure greater transparency regarding the entire electricity transmission network in the [Union], the ENTSO for Electricity should draw up, publish and regularly update a non-binding [Union]-wide ten-year network development plan" | name of the speaker| date| Page 4 of 21 The TYNDP 2012 package • non-binding • updated every 2 years • based on common market and network studies • generation adequacy outlook a vision for the European extra high voltage grid • Ten-Year Network Development Plan • Scena


The past-producing Pine Point lead–zinc mining district, Northwest Territories, Canada, provides a unique opportunity to study the role of glacial dynamics in a thick, continuous till succession that has not been influenced by the underlying bedrock topography. Parts of the Pine Point mining district are covered by >20 m of subglacial Quaternary sediments (till) associated with the former Laurentide Ice Sheet. Till facies exposed in unreclaimed open-pit K-62 have been classified into four separate units. Micro- and macrosedimentological analyses were undertaken to identify the change in subglacial stress during sediment deposition and across till unit boundaries. An analysis of high- and low-angle microshears (lineations) in thin sections produced from these till units indicate that there is a noticeable decrease in the abundance of low-angle shear features immediately below till unit boundaries. The deformation of low-angle shears in the underlying tills was likely caused by remobilization of the overlying till unit. This remobilization is consistent with aggradation-constant entrainment decay mechanisms for subglacial till emplacement and accretion and subglacial dispersion models.


non-obese model for diabetes mellitus (Berdanier, 1982, Cefaclor paediatric dosage Lakshmanan et al. I (nL) I Actos escolares para el dia del padre INRS(nS)N·I(nL)·Rfree I (nL) · A (nL)2 I (nS) · |A (nS)|2 Paedi atric (nS) N · I (nL) · |A Cefaclor paediatric dosage · |A (nS)|2 · Rads. Rd1); see Figure 8-19b. Note cefaclor for cell discharge, Ecell Ethermodynamic Epo I while for a cell undergoing cefaclor paediatric dosage, Ecell Ethermodynami c Epo I Ohmic potential drop (2.


Provided is a nut (12) which is screwed onto an end on a first side of each of a plurality of bolts (11) that penetrate a plurality of rotary members in axial direction at a plurality of positions in a circumferential direction around an axis (A), the plurality of rotary members being stacked in the axial direction in which the axis (A) extends. Out of surfaces of the nut, at least a first cover surface (35) that is a surface on the reverse side of a surface facing a second side that is the opposite side to the first side of the bolt (11) has a shape that forms an annular surface continuous around the axis (A) with the first cover surfaces (35) of other nuts (12).


Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a rare, destructive, poorly understood malignancy of the salivary gland. CXPA is described as a carcinoma arising from a primary (de novo) or recurrent benign pleomorphic adenoma (PA). It is most likely to occur within the major salivary glands, mostly parotid gland and usually occurs in patients in the 6th– 8th decades of life, approximately one decade later than patients with pleomorphic adenoma. Malignant changes in PA have been related with long tumor duration, tumor recurrence, radiation therapy, advanced age, a large tumor size and location in major salivary glands. It often poses a diagnostic challenge to clinicians as well as pathologists. Treatment for Ca ex PA frequently involves an ablative surgical procedure which may be followed by radiotherapy. Overall, patients with Ca ex PA have a bad prognosis. Accurate diagnosis and aggressive surgical management can however increase their survival rates. I present this case to highlight its clinical relevance and diagnostic challenges it posed when FNAC was used as a primary investigative modality.


Background: Eating patterns differ vastly among young adult females due to their body imageconcern and this consequently affects their BMI status. In most cases the subjects choose toskip meals, change their eating pattern, switch on to exercise so as to lose weight to gain appreciable body image. But it is also seen that in the way to have perfect body image, thesesubjects tend to have unhealthy food habits that affect their BMI, i.e., either they becomeunderweight or overweight, and it results in malnourishment. The present paper reviewsassociation of eating patterns and body image perception among young adult females and the effect of this association on their BMI. Methodology: In depth literature review was carried outusing available search engines such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct etc, forpublished original articles, government reports with specific reference to young adult females were collected. Results: A total of 10 original articles and 3 systematic review articles wereincluded regarding this paper. All the 10 original articles had study subjects belonging to urban background and majority included medical students. A high prevalence of malnourishment wasseen among subjects and majority of them were dissatisfied with their body image. Conclusion: This review article focused on the young adult female groups which may be useful for futurestudies because the body image perception and changing eating patterns are the major issues inthe young adult females. Through this review article, various aspects have been revealed thatwould lead to significant step towards the improvement in the eating patterns of young adultfemales.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate via the vitamin D status whether patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) tend to develop vitamin D deficiency that in turn influences their clinical symptoms.DESIGN: Cross-sectional.SETTING: University hospital.PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred twenty-seven patients were evaluated; subjects with secondary causes of bone disease or bone active medication were excluded. One hundred sixty-one patients with either PAD stage II (n = 84) or stage IV (n=77) were enrolled and compared to 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All patients underwent determinations of serum chemistry, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D3) intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin and were further stratified according to an individual restriction score into 3 groups: mildly, moderately, or severely restricted in daily life due to the underlying disease. Patients with PAD IV showed significantly lower vitamin D3 (P=.0001), and calcium (P=.0001) values and significantly higher iPTH (P=.0001), osteocalcin (P=.0001) and ALP (P=.02) levels as compared to patients with PAD II. Patients considering themselves as severely restricted due to the underlying disease showed lower vitamin D3 and higher iPTH levels than those who described only a moderate (vitamin D3: P<.001; iPTH: P<.01) or mild (vitamin D3: P<.001; iPTH: P<.001) restriction in daily life.CONCLUSION: Patients with PAD IV, especially those who feel severely restricted due to the disease, are at high risk of developing vitamin D deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and ultimately osteomalacia due to immobilization and subsequent lack of exposure to sunlight, all of which in turn lead to further deterioration. Monitoring of vitamin D metabolism and vitamin D replacement therapy could be a simple, inexpensive approach to mitigating clinical symptoms and improving quality of life in patients with advanced PAD.


Colleges of Business are now under increasing pressure from AACSB to assess student learning and to engage students in collaborative learning experiences. This paper presents an experiential learning exercise used at King's College that is designed to accomplish both of these objectives. In addition, the exercise helps to develop student skills in several areas: critical thinking, oral and written communication, technology, quantitative reasoning, and information literacy.


In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of solutions for anisotropic conservation laws in two‐dimensional space, provided with step‐like initial conditions that approach the constant states u± (u−


This research has succeeded in developing a Lead (II) –Ion-selective electrode (Pb2+-ISE) sensor based on poly-tetrahydro furfuryl acrylate (pTHFA) films free plasticizers utilizing photo-polymer technique. The Pb2+-ISE has a performance that includes a linear range of 0.1–10−5 M, Nernstian number 26.5–29.8 mV/dec and LOD 3.24–3.98 (× 10−6) M, where the optimum composition between KTpClPB lipophilic salt with leads (IV) ionophore is 1:1 mole ratio. The Pb2+-ISE sensor also shows a relatively good selectivity value (Log Kpota,b) against several interfering ions including K+ −6.5 ± 0.3, Na+ −6.2 ± 0.1, NH4+ −6.7 ± 0.1, Mg2+ −12.7 ± 0.2, Cu2+ −4.2 ± 0.5 and Cd2+ −6.1 ± 0.2, where the response of the Pb2+-ISE sensor is stable at pH 3–8. In this study, the Pb2+-ISE sensor shows validation test results that are comparable to measurements using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) devices using artificial solutions and real sample. The results of testing with artificial solutions successively produced Pb2+ concentrations of 9.5 ± 0.3, 52.5 ± 1.7, and 100.8 ± 2.5 ppm, while for real samples the Cisadane river was 0.0025 ± 0.45 ppm and the refueling station was 18.15 ± 16.74 mg/kg soil sample.


Objectives To investigate changes of ventricular in chronic heart failure rat induced by adriamycin and to establish the starting for interventional research. Methods Chronic heart failure rats were induced by injection adriamycin to a cumulative dose of 15 mg / kg in a period of 3 weeks. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESd) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by M-mode cardiac-ultrasound at baseline, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks and 7 weeks after the injection, respectively. Plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was assessed by ELISA at baseline, 6 weeks and 7 weeks after the injection of adriamycin. Results Compared with baseline, LVEF, LVEDd, LVESd, and BNP level were statistically significant at 7 weeks after the injection of adriamycin [LVEF: 69.6%±10.3% vs. 78.7%± 13.7%,P0.01; LVEDd: (0.67±0.03)cm vs. (0.52±0.02)cm,P0.01; LVESd: (0.41±0.17)cm vs. (0.30±0.02)cm, P 0.01; BNP: (0.37 ±0.15) μg / L vs. (0.18 ±0.06)μg / L, P 0.01). Conclusions Seven weeks after adequate injection of adriamycin could induced typical chronic heart failure model in rat and could be established as the starting of interventional research.


Reading Turkish Modernization on the case of Ankara Palas: "A Window Opens from East to West" This study discusses the Turkish Modernization on the case of Ankara Palas where was one of the socio-cultural and political symbols of Early Republican Era considering that certain spaces as the places of memory are not independent from political and cultural atmosphere. Particularly during the modernization process of 19th century, spaces were used to adopt the modernization ideology. Turkish Modernization which aimed to form a modern nation state had also used these kinds of spatial formations such as the decisions of new capital, Ankara, and its reconstruction. Ankara Palas was also one of the places in where the modern face of New Government was introduced to society and the foreigners. The ideal model was learned and practiced by the new elites in Ankara Palas. In this article, the roles, importance, socio-cultural functions of Ankara Palas and goals of its construction were discussed to evaluate the main characteristics of Turkish Modernization in the Early Republican Era. Beyond, two of the important symbols of the Turkish Modernization, the modern women portraits and balls, in Ankara Palas were additionally discussed. The well-known two national newspapers of the era called Hakimiyet-i Milliye and Cumhuriyet and the memory books that tell Ankara and Ankara Palas were analyzed


Solid solutions of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 containing a few percent of PbTiO3 (PZN-PT) are relaxor ferroelectrics, which have a piezoelectric response an order of magnitude larger than those of conventional piezoelectric ceramics[1, 2] when the rhombohedral crystals are poled along the <001>directions, despite the fact that the polar axis lies along [ 111]. It has been reported that by applying an electric field along the [001] direction a rhombohedral-to-tetragonal phase transition is induced [3]. Our current study gives very different results. We show that the high-field phase observed in PZN-8%PT is not tetragonal but monoclinic. The measurements were initially performed at X7A, with x-rays of about 18 keV. The scans showed very broad peaks, indicative of a strong ''skin'' effect (see Fig. 1) in the direction perpendicular to the field. Due to the high lead content, the samples are quite opaque at these energies, with a penetration depth of only about 1 μm, at the typical scattering angles used, and the measurements are therefore sensitive to inhomogeneous piezoelectric strains close to the surface. In order to avoid this effect, high energy x-ray experiments were performed at 67 keV at X17B1 with an electric field applied in-situ. At the bottom of Fig. 1 the (400) and (040) reflection profiles for three different field values are plotted. It is clear that the position of the (400) peak shifts towards lower angles as the field is increased, while that of the (040) peak, corresponding to a lattice parameter of 4.030 Å, remains unchanged, as shown also in Fig. 3. The markedly different widths of these two peaks has led to postulate the coexistence of two phases (monoclinic and tetragonal) at E= 0 kV/cm, with very different domain sizes [3]. The results obtained with high energy x-rays, shown in Fig. 2 confirm that the broadening observed for the (h00) peaks is merely a ''skin'' effect. Fig. 2 shows the same reflections as in Fig. 1, at 67 keV. These scans revealed no broadening and a symmetric splitting due to the monoclinic distortion is observed Fig. 3 shows the evolution of the lattice parameters with electric field between the high-field monoclinic phase and the zero-field orthorhombic phase (am= cm). ar and ap and cp correspond to the as-grown and the just-poled crystals, respectively. The lattice parameter, cm, along the field direction, shows the characteristic hysteresis loop. Both high and low energy experiments showed the same features along this direction. Acknowledgments: This work has been supported by the U.S.DOE contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.


The preparation, characterization, and photophysical properties of a series of ruthenium(II) complexes possessing the cyclometallating deprotonated 2-phenyl pyridine ligand, phpy–, together with dppn (benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine), a ligand with an extended π-system, are reported. Related complexes have been used as efficient dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and the Ru→dppn metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption of the new complexes [Ru(phpy)(bpy)(dppn)]+ (4) and [Ru(phpy)(dppn)2]+ (5) is red-shifted relative to the Ru→bpy MLCT peak in [Ru(phpy)(bpy)2]+ (3). These new compounds are compared to conventional complexes where phpy– is replaced by 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy), including [Ru(bpy)3]2+, [Ru(bpy)2(dppn)]2+ (1), and [Ru(bpy)(dppn)2]2+ (2). Unlike 1 and 2, with long-lived dppn-centered 3ππ* excited states (τ ∼ 20 μs), the corresponding cyclometallated complexes 4 and 5 exhibit weakly emissive Ru→dppn 3MLCT states with transient absorption lifetimes of 25 and 45 ps, respect...


S u m m a r y. This paper summarizes new results of structural analysis of the Precambrian rocks of Bornholm Island and presents a working hypothesis on a tectonic setting of the Proterozoic rocks from the SW part of the Baltic Shield. The D1 deformation is characterized by the development of the S1 foliation and L1 mineral extensional lineation. The gneissic foliation (S1), which is mainly N–dipping with a moderate to gentle plunging L1 lineation, appears to be thrust–related in ductile shear zones. The W–E-striking shear zones are separated by domains of less strained rocks with a parallel oriented S0 magmatic and S1 metamorphic foliation. The ductile non-coaxial fabric formed during the D1 deformation is consistent with a top-to-the-S shearing. Field data suggest that the migmatization and D1 deformation occurred simultaneously during this shearing. The partial melts facilitated the tectonic transport, acting as a thin intracrustal decollement. A model of serial ductile thrusting along listric, frontal ramps is used to explain the deformation history of the Bornholm heterogeneous shear zone system. This system of shear zones was locally overprinted by the younger extensional structures developed during the D2 deformation. In the absence of reliable geochronological data, it was assumed that the crystalline rocks of Bornholm and Kaszuby and Pomerania regions (northern Poland) were subjected to similar ductile thrusting during the Gothian orogeny ca. 1.5 Ga. All data (BABEL seismic line A, structural and kinematics) suggest the existence of the relict suture zone with an accretionary active plate margin in the northern part of Poland and Bornholm.