In order to make a scientific and objective evaluation for urban habitant environment quality,a modified fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is proposed. Using fuzzy math theory in environment quality evaluation to establish multi-target index system according to the features of urban habitant environment,and AHP in combination with group decision are used to decide index weight,close degree method is applied to determine evaluation rating. The model is applied in combination with a specific example,and accurate and objective result is obtained. It provide a reliable decision-making support for improvement of urban habitant environment quality.


The experimental outcomes of the visualized electrodigit non-linear, volumetric cavitation (EDNVC) in aqueous solutions are submitted, depending on nature of outgassing in discharge gaps before a breakdown. The analysis of parameters EDNVC was conducted using a special computer program " Image Analizer Version 1.0". The main peculiarities of the phenomenon are discussed.


Consider Bernoulli bond percolation on a graph nicely embedded in hyperbolic space $\mathbb H^d$ in such a way that it admits a transitive action by isometries of $\mathbb H^d$. Let $p_0$ be the supremum of such percolation parameters that no point at infinity of $\mathbb H^d$ lies in the boundary of the cluster of a fixed vertex with positive probability. Then for any parameter $p < p_0$, a.s. every percolation cluster has only one-point boundaries of ends.


The influence of the shadow, informal and household sectors that produce goods for own consumption on the dynamics of a stochastic model with heterogeneous agents is considered. The general equilibrium approach that explains the behavior of demand, supply and prices in economy with several interactive markets is used in the study. The model under consideration describes an economy with aggregated uncertainty and with an infinite number of heterogeneous agents (households). The source of heterogeneity is the idiosyncratic shocks of agents' incomes in the legal and shadow sectors of economy. The presence of two sectors of the economy (legal and shadow) leads, respectively, to two sources of heterogeneity associated with the individual distribution of household income in these sectors. In the analysis an approximation algorithm of the dynamics of capital supply functions of individual agents – the dynamics of its first and second moments is used. The parameters of the model are estimated by the Bayesian method in the case study of the empirical data of Russian economy. An important fact is that the likelihood function of the model with heterogeneous agents is more important than the analogous model for the model with representative agents, i. e. the model under consideration describes the empirical data of Russian economy more adequately. The behavior of the impulse response functions of the basic variables of the model confirms the positive influence of the shadow economy (below a certain limit) on minimizing the rates of decline in economic indicators during recessions, especially for developing economies. The original result is that when analyzing the dynamics of aggregated variables in the model under consideration with two sources of heterogeneity, it is necessary to take into account not only the first-order moments of the distribution function of capital stocks, but also second-order moments. The further prospects of research can be connected to the application of more detailed models of the general (common) balance allowing, in particular, to describe also behavior of non-uniform groups


The thermoluminescence properties of Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 :1000 ppm Ce crystals codoped with Zr ions in the range 50-400 ppm have been investigated, both after irradiation at low temperatures (10 K) and at room temperature. The trap depths of glow peaks at around 82, 270 and 352°C have been evaluated by the initial rise method. The role of Zr ions in electron trapping is discussed.


Abstract:  The chemical profiling of illicit drugs is an important analytical tool to support the work of investigating and law enforcement authorities. In our work, comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC‐TOFMS) combined with nontargeted, pixel‐based data analysis was adapted for the chemical profiling of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The validity and benefit of this approach was evaluated by analyzing a well‐investigated set of MDMA samples. Samples were prepared according to a harmonized extraction protocol to ensure the comparability of the chemical signatures. The nontargeted approach comprises preprocessing followed by analysis of variances as a fast filter algorithm for selection of a variable subset followed by partial least squares discriminant analysis for reduction to promising marker compounds for discrimination of the samples according to their chemical profile. Forty‐seven potential marker compounds were determined, covering most of the target impurities known from the harmonized one‐dimensional profiling as well as other compounds not previously elucidated.


Amblyseius swirskii and Phytoseiulus longipes are targeted as biological control agents for the horticultural pest Tetranychus urticae. This study applies a standardised protocol to evaluate the risk of establishment of introduced species and investigates temperature related behavioural thresholds for all three species. Laboratory results demonstrate a low level of cold tolerance in A. swirskii and no diapause. Field studies recorded 100% mortality within two weeks of outdoor winter exposure. Amblyseius swirskii has a higher activity threshold temperature than it's target prey T. urticae. Amblyseius swirskii lacks cold tolerance and is unlikely to establish outdoors and thus can be considered a 'safe candidate' for release. Laboratory results demonstrate that P. longipes can not diapause yet is more cold tolerant than A. swirskii. Field studies report 100% mortality after 73 days of winter exposure. Phytoseiulus longipes demonstrates mid-range cold tolerance yet is unlikely to survive an entire winter outdoors. Phytoseiulus longipes has lower activity threshold temperatures than T. urticae. Further studies are required on other factors attributable to establishment potential before it can be classified a 'safe candidate'. As a consequence of the findings of the present study A. swirskii was granted a license for release into the UK in 2006.


This is a qualitative study on mental health among unaccompanied children in Swedish residential care. The purpose of the study is to increase the understanding of the work and interaction with the ...


The German E. coli crisis in 2011 posed multifaceted challenges to the actors of the German health care system. This paper analyzes the outbreak from a multidisciplinary perspective. It offers best practices and general recommendations for future public health emergencies for hospitals as well as at the federal and local level, addressing medical practitioners as well as health care managers.


Effect of temperature,pH,inorganic ions and reaction time on the enzyme stability was studied on the basis of substrate concentration and enzyme character.The results of the determination of Km showed that the Hemicellulase could work continuously under 50℃ and was stable when pH was from 4.4 to 5.4.Mn2+,Mg2+ had the activation but Cu2+,Zn2+ had the inhibition on activity of Hemicellulase.The Km of the Hemicellulase was 7.39×10-2g·L-1.The reaction time was at least 25 minutes.


Friction plots of polymers sliding on smooth metal surfaces are generally characterized by two regions of distinct dependency on the normal load, with low sensitivity at low stress levels followed by a sharp change in the rate of decrease of friction with increasing pressure at levels above the plastic flow limit of the polymer. A simplified model is proposed to describe this behavior which accounts for the effect of the normal load on the growth of the real contact area and the shear stress at the interface between the polymer and the mating surface. The model has a wide generality when expressed in terms of dimensionless variables, allowing to rationalize the friction behavior of different polymers within a single framework.


CD study of four modified nucleosides, constituents of tRNA molecules, revealed that 2‐thio‐5‐methyluridine and 5‐methyluridine in aqueous solution, 0.1N HCl, and organic solvents essentially occur in an anti‐conformation. 5‐Methylcytidine also occurs in an anti‐conformation similar to cytidine in aqueous solution and organic solvents, while 2‐thiocytidine dihydrate appears to occur in an anti‐conformation. It is stressed that the CD data of thionucleosides might be applied to the successfully conformational analysis of tRNA molecules.


Distinct challenges exist in the design of large carbon dioxide refrigeration plant to assure reliability. The relatively high refrigerant pressures mean that many component design pressures have had to be increased from refrigeration norms and even then components often operate close to their design pressure limits, thus increasing stress and wear and leakage rates. In many cases components have been sourced from outside the refrigeration industry or adapted. Multi megawatt cascade carbon dioxide refrigeration systems often have special defrost arrangements. Many industrial carbon dioxide refrigeration systems use non miscible oil which must be carefully managed within the refrigerant circuit. These factors all bring new design and maintenance
challenges. This paper reviews the unique elements of carbon dioxide systems and presents lessons for design and maintenance engineers based on operational experience with five large systems which have all operated for more than 9 years.


The purpose of this research is to develop "The Optimization Tool" that achieves the optimization of the air-conditioning system operation in general building air-conditioning systems. The influence of errors in the load prediction, which is the biggest problem in realizing the optimization, is examined in this report. It is shown that there is a case where the operation deteriorates due to the optimization when the margin of error is large. Thus, an optimization technique that takes into account errors in the load forecasting is suggested, and the technique is proved to be a robust procedure which stably selects appropriate set values.


ABSTRACTSurface nuclear magnetic resonance (surface NMR) has up to now rarely been applied to 3D subsurface modeling. Inversion approaches currently in use are smooth inversion techniques that are not useful for identifying sharp geologic boundaries. Although they are already computationally expensive, the resulting models are restricted to imaging the subsurface water content distribution and do not deliver relaxation times T2* based on the QT inversion scheme established elsewhere. We have developed a method of 3D block QT inversion that uses horizontal smoothness constraints to resolve sharp boundaries in the vertical direction and the distributions of the water content and relaxation time T2*. We have improved the computational efficiency, i.e., the ability to perform the inversion using a common desktop computer, by gating the surface NMR data, reducing the model space to monoexponential decays within the subsurface bodies, and inverting based on blocklike structures instead of smooth distributions. ...


The best-worst scaling method was used to investigate consumers' perceptions of the relative importance of seven different pork production and product attributes. Demographic information was then analyzed to determine which consumer characteristics were statistically significant determinants of these preferences. Of the attributes studied, animal welfare was ranked third most important following pork/food safety and taste. Consumer characteristics including gender, having a source for animal welfare information, and having purchased pork in the last year were found to be determinants of the size of the share of preference for many of the pork attributes studied.


Model-driven approaches are experiencing an increasing acceptance in the automotive domain thanks to the availability of the AUTOSAR standard, which defines an open software architecture for themodel-based development of real-time systems and a corresponding development methodology. However, the process of creatingmodels of existing system components is often difficult and time consuming, especially when legacy code is involved or information about the exact timing is needed. The research community tackles this problem by developing algorithms for automatically deriving characteristics of the system's timing behaviour, e.g., response times and resource blockings from various artefacts such as source code or runtime measurements. This work focuses on reversely engineering an AUTOSAR-compliant model, which can be used for further processing including timing simulation and optimisation, via a dynamic analysis from trace recordings of a real-time system. Although software reverse engineering via dynamic analysis has a long history, little research targets embedded systems and its use for multi-core architectures is largely unresearched. Furthermore, related workmainly discusses the analysis of individual characteristics of a real-time system, such as execution times or stimulation patterns instead of creating a description of the entire system. Huselius, whose work is among the publications most related to the topic of this thesis, proposes a technique to reverse engineer a model that reflects the general temporal behaviour of the original real-time software. However, like other existing solutions, it was not developed with AUTOSAR in mind. It is also not feasible to make this approach applicable to the automotive domain, becauseHuselius has not considered some required details, such as activation patterns, scheduling information, and compliance to the standardised development methodology of AUTOSAR. We want to tackle this deficiency by introducing, in this work, an approach that seizes on Huselius's considerations and extends them in order to make them applicable to the automotive domain. To do so, we present CoreTAna, a prototypical tool that derives an AUTOSAR compliant model of a real-time system by conducting dynamic analysis using trace recordings. Its reverse engineering approach is designed in such a way that it fits seamlessly into the methodology specified by AUTOSAR. CoreTAna's current features are explained and their benefits for reverse engineering are highlighted, and a framework for evaluating the quality of synthesised models is


We demonstrate an ultra-compact 32 × 32 path-independent-insertion-loss optical switch that integrates 1024 thermooptic MZ switches on SOI platform using ArF immersion lithography. On-chip loss of 19.7 dB and estimated crosstalk of -20 dB are achieved.


This journal is full of rain to provide an overview of the implementation of school principals' supervision to Islamic Education teachers. The principal has functions and duties as an educator, manager, administrator, supervisor, leader, innovator, and entrepreneur, abbreviated as Emaslime. Supervision is a coaching activity that is planned to help teachers and other school staff carry out their work effectively. Class supervision is necessary for schools because it is directly with the treatment, attitude, teaching ability, mastery of the material, classroom management, learning methods, assessment, and others. The purpose of Supervision is, To carry out the tasks following the provisions, procedures, and orders that have been set. So that the results achieved following the objectives set. So that the existing facilities can be utilized effectively and efficiently. To know the weaknesses and difficulties of the organization then look for ways to improve.


Narrow stripe selective MOVPE has been used to grow high quality oxide-free InGaAlAs layers on an InP substrate patterned with SiO2 masks at optimized growth conditions. Mirror-like surface morphologies and abrupt cross sections are obtained in all samples without spike growth at the mask edge. For the narrow stripe selectively grown InGaAlAs layers with a mesa width of about 1.2 µm, a bandgap wavelength shift of 70 nm, a photoluminescence (PL) intensity of more than 80% and a PL full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than 60 meV are obtained simultaneously with a small mask width variation from 0 to 40 µm. The characteristics of the thickness enhancement ratio and the PL spectrum dependence on the mask width are presented and explained by considering both the migration effect from a masked region and the lateral vapour diffusion effect.


The CNC machine's working table with vibrations is not only bad for its stability,but also has big effects to its processing precision.The paper analyzes the causes of this problem and the solving methods are put forward.Also,the paper offers some fault diagnosis methods by experience of the CNC machine's ordinary maintenance.


Cleanroom air cleanliness validation is becoming increasingly important with the further miniaturization and susceptibility of products to airborne contamination. The rational for validation discussed, both for particle counting and for other testing. The documents covering cleanroom air validation are described, as is the general topic of "room classification." Topics covered include validation methodology, testing modes, and room types. Factors affecting air cleanliness are discussed as well as other testing procedures to characterize cleanroom performance.


Microscopic voids in the die attachment solder layers of high power laser diodes (HPLDs) cause to degrade their overall thermal transfer performance. This paper presents the effects of voids on the thermal conductivity, leakage and threshold currents, characteristic temperature (T0) and output power of a single quantum well (SQW) HPLD. These effects are modeled by means of finite difference method (FDM). This numerical model calculates the time-dependent axial variations of photon density, carrier density and temperature in semiconductor laser self-consistently. The temperature dependence of the wavelength shift and the thermal mode hopping concept is also demonstrated.


Summary Incorporation of 14C from [1-14C]butyrate into lipids of the perfused rat heart was slightly greater than that from [1-14C]acetate. Of the 14C incorporated into total lipids, a greater proportion was in phospholipids when [14C]acetate was the substrate than when [14C]butyrate was used as substrate. Perfusion with [14C]butyrate resulted in more 14C incorporation into shorter chain fatty acids and less incorporation into palmitic and arachidonic acids than with [14C]acetate. Feeding a fat-free diet did not affect the metabolism of acetate in the perfused heart. However, it did increase the relative incorporation of 14C from butyrate into phospholipids as well as the total 14C incorporation into total lipids of perfused hearts of rats compared to those fed a fat-supplemented diet.


Schwann cells (SCs) and olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) have shown promise for spinal cord injury repair. We sought their in vivo identification following transplantation into the contused adult rat spinal cord at 1 week post‐injury by: (i) DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) with a Y‐chromosome specific probe to identify male transplants in female rats and (ii) lentiviral vector‐mediated expression of EGFP. Survival, migration, and axon‐glia association were quantified from 3 days to 9 weeks post‐transplantation. At 3 weeks after transplantation into the lesion, a 60–90% loss of grafted cells was observed. OEG‐only grafts survived very poorly within the lesion (<5%); injection outside the lesion led to a 60% survival rate, implying that the injury milieu was hostile to transplanted cells and or prevented their proliferation. At later times post‐grafting, p75+/EGFP− cells in the lesion outnumbered EGFP+ cells in all paradigms, evidence of significant host SC infiltration. SCs and OEG injected into the injury failed to migrate from the lesion. Injection of OEG outside of the injury resulted in their migration into the SC‐injected injury site, not via normal‐appearing host tissue but along the pia or via the central canal. In all paradigms, host axons were seen in association with or ensheathed by transplanted glia. Numerous myelinated axons were found within regions of grafted SCs but not OEG. The current study details the temporal survival, migration, axon association of SCs and OEG, and functional recovery after grafting into the contused spinal cord, research previously complicated due to a lack of quality, long‐term markers for cell tracking in vivo. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


ECOG-ACRIN EA5181 is a phase III prospective, randomized trial that randomizes patients undergoing chemo/radiation for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA- NSCLC) to concomitant durvalumab or no additional therapy with both arms receiving one year of consolidative durvalumab. Radiation dose-escalation failed to improve overall survival in RTOG 0617. However, conventionally-fractionated radiation to 60Gy with concomitant chemotherapy is associated with a high risk of local failure (38-46%). It is hoped that concomitant immunotherapy during chemo/radiation can help decrease the risk of local failure, thereby improving overall survival and progression-free survival with acceptable toxicity. In this article, we will review conventional chemo/radiation therapy for LA-NSCLC as well as the quickly evolving world of immunotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC and discuss the rationale and study design of EA5181. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Our article provides an up-to-date assessment of how immunotherapy is re-shaping the landscape of metastatic NSCLC and how the impact of this therapy is now rapidly moving into the treatment of patients with locally advanced NSCLC who are presenting for curative treatment. We will review the history of concurrent chemo/radiation, the recent publications of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy or chemo/radiation, and our strategy for improving the OS of patients with locally advanced NSCLC by using concomitant immunotherapy with standard concurrent chemo/radiation.


Author(s): Spurgin, Kurt | Advisor(s): Curras-Collazo, Margarita | Abstract: Centrally-acting Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is involved in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) and sympatho-adrenal (SA) responses to stress. Evidence for an intra-adrenal PACAPergic system is mounting although information is lacking about its responsiveness to different stressors, especially as it compares to responses seen in other adrenal stress systems involving glucocorticoids and catecholamines. My work examines the impact of various physiological, psychological, and environmental stressors on markers of HPA and HSA activity in the adrenal gland and hypothalamus. Markers evaluated in these studies include mRNA expression of adrenal PACAP, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), a chaperone protein crucial for making cholesterol available for the initiation of steroid biosynthesis and melanocortin receptor accessory protein (MRAP), essential for trafficking of the adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor, melanocortin 2 (MC2R), CA biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) , and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), which methylates norepinephrine to epinephrine. In addition, I attempted to place markers for altered gene expression within the context of current perceptions on the etiology of hypertension. Lastly, I developed a reproducible procedure for studying a possible non-invasive treatment for hypertension using the application of variable pressures during massage-like stroking in rats.


At certain points in his scientific career prof. Isaac Passy was ideologically stigmatized by his unsympathetic colleagues. As a result, he experienced great difficulties in life and in his career, was attacked ideologically through written accusations of ideological sins (idealism, subjectivism, revisionism), and suffered political suspicions about his belief in Marxian reflection theory. To all these accusations I. Passy responded with tireless work, with numerous scientific publications, with writing prefaces to the works of great European thinkers and philosophers, with giving public lectures open not only for students but also for citizens. His detractors, in the end, failed to break this extremely erudite scholar and widely known and recognized Bulgarian intellectual. With his scientific achievements, Isaac Passy won for himself a reserved place in the Bulgarian cultural scene of twentieth century.


The study was conducted at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Integrated Farming System, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri to develop integrated farming system model for irrigated conditions of Western Maharashtra. The model was designed for 1 ha area with crop, horticulture, dairy, goat, poultry and vermicompost unit. The integrated farming system model generated system productivity in sugarcane equivalent yield of 375 t ha-1. The gross monetary returns from combination of crop + horticulture + dairy + goat + poultry + vermicompost unit were ₹ 10,55,758 and net monetary returns was ₹ 4, 58, 943 with B:C ratio (1.77). Of this total net returns obtained from integrated farming system model, the per cent contribution of different components were crop (25%), horticulture (4%), dairy (24%), goat (18%), poultry (29%) and vermicompost (7%). Employment generation in integrated farming system model was 422 Man days year-1.


The goal of this paper is to strengthen the capacity of human resources performance management in state-owned enterprises.To analyze the status of performance management in state-owned enterprises,we start from the concept of performance management,which is based on exploring the main problems in state-owned enterprise.We work out targeted solutions to the problems in state-owned enterprises' performance management to enhance the competitiveness in market-oriented economy.


Seepage field force is calculated to reflect the force effect of seepage flow field. Relationship equation of stress-damage-seepage is built to consider the effect of stress and damage on seepage flow field. Combined with 3-dimension elastoplastic-damage finite element analysis of rock mass,stress-damage-seepage coupling analysis model of large-scale underground surrounding rock is established. The difficulties of solving the model mainly lay on elastoplasticity of rock material,damage,free surface boundary of seepage flow,escaping surface boundary of seepage flow,interaction of stress-damage-seepage,etc. Considering the difficulties,the sequential iteration method is proposed to solve the difficulties by several sequential iterations; and nice calculation result is obtained. The method is used to analyze the large-scale underground caverns of a hydropower station,and a series of useful conclusion is made.


Recently, subsynchronous oscillations (SSOs) have occurred frequently due to the interaction between wind farm controllers and transmission networks. When an SSO occurs, subsynchronous and supersynchronous interharmonics are present in a voltage/current signal. Because SSOs are serious threats to power system safety and stability, it is important to study subsynchronous and supersynchronous interharmonic phasor and frequency estimators for SSO identification and monitoring (thus for mitigation equipment operation). The systematic errors of the Taylor–Fourier multifrequency model-based parameter estimator are analyzed theoretically. It is found that the key to high estimation accuracy is to select interharmonic and fundamental model frequencies as accurately as possible. To this end, the three-point interpolated discrete Fourier transform and an iteration scheme are used to select the initial model frequencies and modify them iteratively. Simulation tests show that the interharmonic total vector error (TVE) and frequency error (FE) of the proposed method are always below 0.6% and 25 mHz, respectively. The fundamental TVE and FE limits in the IEEE standard can also be fully met, and the computation time can meet the requirements of high reporting rate phasor measurement units. In addition, the current samples recorded in an SSO event are used to demonstrate the real benefits of the proposed method.


The somatic regeneration of maize depends on its genotypes, so improving its variety with modern biotechnology is severely restricted. Locating the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with somatic regeneration is important for breeding elite inbred lines that undergo genetic transformations. Here, by crossing the high-regeneration inbred line H99 and non-regeneration inbred line Fr993, an F2 population and its F2:3 and F2:4 population families were constructed. Immature embryos from the family populations were subjected to tissue culture in two independent seasons to determine their embryogenic callus induction rates (EIRs), green callus rates (GCRs) and plantlet regeneration rates (PRRs). Genetic linkage maps were constructed for the F2 population to locate somatic regeneration QTLs. The results showed that variation in the EIR, GCR and PRR ranged from 0.00–99.33%, and their broad-sense heritabilities were 0.50, 0.52 and 0.53, respectively. The total genetic distance of the linkage maps constructed by the GenoBaits 10 K chip was 2319.50 cM, and twelve QTLs were associated with somatic regeneration traits, accounting for 3.90–14.06% of the phenotypic variation. Expression analysis revealed six candidate genes screened from the QTLs with distinct responses to induction culture in the parental lines, suggesting that they may impact commitment to somatic cell fate. These results provide a basis for the molecular breeding of maize varieties with high-frequency somatic regeneration.


This paper addresses grade building a GUI prototype (software) and intuitive user friendly interface which allows a teacher or student, or any member of the educational community in general package of knowledge objects within a LiveCD type Linux, in order to provide an additional alternative in handling tools in academia


The paper focuses on the methodology of making observations that account for the actual use of ICT
infrastructure and tools in the classroom. The observational study is part of a project that focuses on
scenario feasibility as an enabler of ICT usage. In particular, the observations provide input on pattern
mining with the aim to help teachers and other stakeholders in the decision-making process of
selecting suitable ICT facilities.


The word-substitution errors in CET 4 and CET6 writings and the causes for these errors are analyzed.The 4099 cases of word-substitution errors retrieved from Chinese Learner English Corpus are categorized into 10 according to their parts of speech.The characteristics of the distribution of the errors in each category are pointed out.The causes for word-substitution errors in CET 4 and CET6 writings are traced from the language learners themselves and their language environment.


Proximal optimization technique (POT) has been proposed to adapt the conventional drug‐eluting stent (DES) with the fractal anatomy of the bifurcation. However, only few DES are labeled for post‐expansion beyond 5.0 mm. Furthermore, recrossing in the side branch (SB) through the main vessel (MV) stent cells may be challenging.


Synopsis: A new testing method is proposed which may evaluate the quantity of A-type MnS inclusions in rolled steels. This method is characterized by scanning on the lattice points assumed on steel plates. An experimental study about the performance of this method has been performed. Results obtained are as follows. Mean echo height (F) is correlated with the ratio (ARc) of the projected area of inclusions to the scanning area of steels. The pitch of the lattice points and the scanning area of steels affect the assurance of results. Therefore, in the inspection of steel frame members, it is necessary for the pitch to be at least 10 mm.


An electrical distribution box for a vehicle, having a main body of an accommodation space (11) defining a housing (21) inserted in the accommodation space (12), a first plurality of terminals (41 ) and is mounted into the accommodation space in the housing. Each holding member in the housing and the body (14, 24) cooperating to said housing in said holder accommodation space, the role of the locking member (23) on the housing that, at least when the housing is inserted in the accommodation space, which is connected to the end (41) locks into place in the housing. Thus, the connection end may be readily inserted in the correct position without risk of damage.


The effect of different solvents on the extraction of some phenolic compounds from grape seeds was investigated. The main compounds identified by high performance liquid chromatography were gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, the dimeric procyanidins B1 and B2, the trimeric procyanidin C1 and epicatechin gallate. The solvents tested were water, absolute ethanol, 75% ethanol, acetone, 70% acetone, methanol, n-butanol, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and a combination of diethyl ether followed by ethyl acetate. Results showed that methanol was the best solvent for the extraction of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and epigallocatechin, whereas 70% acetone yielded the largest amounts of procyanidins and 75% ethanol yielded the largest amount of gallic acid. The greatest amount of total phenols was extracted by 70% acetone.


This study tends to convey the attitude of college students towards TNSTC Bus Services. The objective of this study is to identify the level of satisfaction of services offered by TNSTC and problems faced by college students in availing the services of TNSTC. A sample of 100 respondents - College student's residing in Coimbatore city were collected and analysed using percentage analysis. It is found from the study that majority of the College Students are aware of Weekly, Monthly, Yearly passes and also satisfied with the service of TNSTC buses. Most of the College students opined that less space for standing inside the bus and not returning the balance amount as a problem. The College students expect certain services and facilities from the TNSTC such as Extra buses during peak hours, Maintenance of buses, comfortable seats which are very common. The study concludes that if these suggestions are taken into consideration by the government then TNSTC will always remains number one in providing the services with utmost satisfaction not only to the College students but also for the general public.


Lithium-ion cells are poised to take an increasing share of the auto battery market, just as electric drive seems set to begin a long, slow climb to become, at last, a serious power-train option. But what's rarely understood is how much that second revolution depends on the first.


The invention discloses a calibration system and method of an MFC. The method comprises the following steps: voltage jointers of all to-be-calibrated MFCs are leaded to an integrated controller, and control switches of all the MFCs are controlled by the integrated controller; the integrated controller controls the control switches of the MFCs one by one so that the MFCs are at a calibration working state one by one, and measured voltage values of the MFCs are obtained; and the obtained measured voltage values of the MFCS are compared with a default set value, and the control switches of the corresponding MFCs are controlled according to comparison results. Calibration time of the MFCS can be effectively saved.


This paper presents the implementation of two techniques for phase current sensing based on a low cost last generation /spl mu/C DSP (TMS320F24x). The first one is based on the measurement of the current flowing in a shunt resistor put in the DC bus of the inverter, the second one is based on the measurement of the current flowing in shunt resistors put in series to the emitter of the IGBT for each lower leg of the inverter. The information provided by these sensors, together with the pulse width modulation (PWM) information, is used to reconstruct the motor phase currents. After a description of the two methods and the limitations they present, an application in case of an induction motor drive is illustrated in which the adjacent vector-space vector pulse width modulation (AV-SVPWM) technique is used to drive the inverter. Some aspects involving the non ideal behaviour of different parts of the system (presence of dead time, power switches driver delay, rise and settling time of the current, A/D conversion module sampling time) are investigated in details and the specific hardware implementation is discussed. Experimental results and comparisons between the two methods are presented.


The scandal concerning rigged emissions tests to circumvent regulations is regularly not reflected through the lense of the German rules of State liabilty. This lack of attention follows from the fact that compensation for damage caused to individuals is regularly precluded under the German rules of State liability when the underlying regulation scheme is applied diligently by the competent public authority. In consequence, an unlawful market approval by manipulated but lawfully investigating public authorities appears to exclude liability. However, liability under the German rules of State liability is not limited to cases of misconduct by public authorities. Against this background the case is made for a liability of the manipulated State even though there is no evidence of misconduct on behalf of its authorities when applying approval procedures. The proposed special case for State liability rests on two pillars: the structural vulnerability of the relevant approval procedures for manipulation and a high degree of dependency of third party economic actors on the validity of the State's approval mechanisms.


A series of fatigue experiments were conducted on S45C steel under the push-pull and torsional (loadings) with two phases in order to reflect the effect of the loading sequence changing on damage and fatigue life. It can be seen that the damage summation is greater than 1 in the push-pull loading followed by torsion and less than 1 in the torsion followed by push-pull for the most experimental results. The loading mode and stress level have effects on the fatigue damage. The fatigue life predictions are obtained by the linear damage rule, double linear damage rule, damage curve approach and the plastic work model of Morrow. Then the results of (predictions) are compared. As a result, over-conservative predictions are presented by the models discussed.


The structure of cochleamycins A, A2, B and B2 (Fig. 1), novel antitumor antibiotics, were elucidated by NMR spectral analysis. Cochleamycins were found to possess novel carbocyclic skeletons.


This research is a model of accountant behavior in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 and the physical distancing situation (empirical study at the Central Java public accounting firm). The data used are primary data by distributing questionnaires to auditors. The population in this study were accountants who worked as auditors at the Public Accounting Firm in Central Java with a sample of 123 auditors who did Work From Home (WFH). The analytical tool used in this study is multiple linear regression which is used to see indicators of the industrial revolution 4.0 and physical distancing regarding accountants' behavior models. Data was processed with the help of SPSS for Windows software. The results showed that the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 affected the behavior of accountants, by following the development of information technology, accountants tended to utilize and use paperless which became the basis for making economic decisions. Physical distancing has no effect on accountants 'behavior, this indicates that by implementing physical distancing, accountants' behavior tends to be limited in doing standard field work.


A physical-based analytical kink current model for polycrystalline -silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs) has been proposed. Two important mechanisms for the kink current, namely carrier impact ionization and the parasitic bipolar junction transistor effect, are physically included in the model without introducing any artificial parameters. The proposed kink current model is fully compatible with existing ON-state drain current models of poly-Si TFTs. Model parameter extraction procedure is presented, which is based on a group of output characteristics of poly-Si TFTs with different channel lengths. The model prediction straightforwardly calculated with a set of extracted parameters is verified by excellent agreement with experimental output characteristics measured from TFTs over a range of channel lengths and gate voltages.


Objective: to evaluate the effect of neuromuscular training on the risk of falling in institutionalized older adults in the city of Talca. Methodology: a randomized, single-blind randomized controlled trial, a non-probabilistic, intentional sample of 33 subjects (17 men and 16 women) from long-stay centers in the city of Talca, a neuromuscular training program of 12 was applied. weeks, 3 times a week. The evaluations were made at the beginning and at the end of the training. Anthropometric variables (weight, height, BMI), physiological variables (SBP, DBP, SO2), fall risk and physical-cognitive functional capacities (depression, fear of falling, self-perception of physical condition and physical independence, muscular strength, flexibility, etc.) were evaluated. aerobic resistance and stability). Statistics: The normality of the data was by Shapiro-Wilk test. The anthropometric and physiological differences were determined by t test for independent samples. The differences in fall risk and their functional covariates were calculated using Ancova. In all cases, a p <0.05 was adopted. The calculations were made in SPSS 22. Results: of the total subjects, 60% were men and 40% were women. The average age was 74 years (SD: 67 - 81). There were no significant differences between the groups for the anthropometric and physiological variables (p <0.05). There were significant differences in the variation of the risk of falling, as well as in the physical-cognitive covariables (p <0.05). The R2 of the model was 0.88. Conclusions: neuromuscular training significantly decreased the risk of falling in institutionalized older adults mediated by significant changes in their physical-cognitive functional capacities. These results suggest to incorporate this modality of training in a regular way to keep them potentially active and in this way, preserve their state of health. Key words: neuromuscular training, prevention, falls older adults.


Abstract Factors affecting spontaneous oxidation in 1198 raw milk samples collected from 137 herds were determined. Milk was examined organoleptically for oxidized flavor 48h after collection on a 0 (none) to 4 (pronounced) scale. The mean concentration of copper was 48 μ g/kg and of tocopherol 25.6 μ g/kg lipid. Copper and tocopherol concentrations were correlated with oxidized flavor score and together accounted for 15.1% of its variation. Variables of herd were breed of cow, age of cow, and percent of herd in first 60, second 60, and more than 120 days of lactation. No correlations were significant between breed or age of cow and oxidized flavor score. The percent of herd in the first 60 days of lactation was correlated with oxidized flavor score but accounted for only 3.9% of the variability. Variables of management were age, type, and amount of hay fed, type and amount of concentrate fed, and production of milk and milk fat. No correlations between type or amount of feed and oxidized flavor score were significant. Production both of milk and milk fat was correlated with oxidized flavor score but accounted for only .40 and .03% of the variability.


This paper reports on the relationships between the size of activity spaces (measured by a vector of parametric and non-parametric indicators) and transit-oriented developments (TOD), considered before and after the opening of a new 72km railway corridor in Perth, Western Australia, in December 2007. We examine new geometries of activity spaces (ellipses, super ellipses, Cassini ovals, and bean curves) as well as kernel densities, representing activity spaces of households residing within three unique TOD precincts along the railway corridor. These precincts cover a wide spectrum of TOD features, ranging from mixed land use, with good feeder-bus connections and encouraging pedestrian as well as cycling movements, to transit interchanges, or retrofitted residential areas. After accounting for socio-demographic elements, we noticed a significant difference in the size of the activity spaces by precinct, decreasing with higher citywide accessibility. This was observed in both occasions, before and after the railway opening. The finding holds for most of the metrics used to quantify the activity spaces. Increased access provided by the TOD corridor is reflected in a greater use of the corridor and the city, resulting in larger activity spaces for the precincts further away from the city. It remains to further ascertain whether changes in the activity spaces are due to primarily residential sorting and/or are associated with enhanced access to urban facilities as result of the new developments. With respect to the metrics used for activity spaces, the parametric indicators are highly correlated with each other, but bean curves and kernel densities display the smallest areas. Due to their flexibility and visual capabilities kernel densities have the potential to become preferred tools for activity space estimation, however further investigation is required in other settings.


This paper presents observations of a dynamic minifilament and summarizes the findings of three microstructure surveys across and within the meandering current structures of the Coastal Transition Zone (CTZ). An actively turbulent minifilament is discussed and possible consequences of the small-scale processes with regard to frontal dynamics are examined. Four different frontal structures were observed as part of the CTZ microstructure program, two resembling meanders and two characterized as filaments. Microstructure measurements included continuous rapid sampling vertical profiler (RSVP) (Caldwell et al., 1985) and acoustic Doppler current profiles (ADCP) profiling along meridional lines bisecting the frontal features. Common features of the two meanders observed in 1986: (Moum et al., 1988) and 1987: (Dewey and Moum, 1990) include offshore and onshore flow patterns (consistent with meridional sections through meanders), rapid temporal evolution of the frontal structures between consecutive (10–24 hour) transects, no elevated turbulent activity below the pycnocline, despite the enhanced current shears (quiescent core within central region where pycnocline is near surface), and approximate geostrophy of the dominant currents at scales > 10 km. A large filament, or jetlike feature observed in 1988 (Dewey et al., 1991) was characterized by off-shore geostrophic flow, no enhanced turbulent activity, and significant asymmetry in the temperature, salinity and current fields, with stronger vorticity on the south (upwelled) side of the velocity maximum. An actively turbulent minifilament was also observed in 1988, and exhibited some characteristics not common to the larger meanders or filaments. A strongly divergent velocity signature was confined to the near-surface layer (< 60 m), with a cool, uplifted core, possibly a result of localized upwelling and subsurface turbulent mixing. Below the surface mixed layer, elevated turbulent dissipation rates were coincident with regions of high shear and correspondingly low Ri. However, the buoyancy flux from turbulent mixing was estimated to be too low to have formed the cool surface signature of the minifilament. The estimated Rossby number (R0 = 1.3) for the minifilament suggests that significant departures from geostrophy are likely. However, due to the limited temporal and zonal resolution of the minifilament, no definitive ageostrophic analysis can be performed. Corresponding satellite images indicate that the observed structure, although narrow (10 km), may be as long as 100 km, be evolving over periods of days, and a common submesoscale feature in the swirling patterns revealed by advenced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR).


Numerous options are now available for the initial treatment of HIV-infected patients. Current guidelines recommend a protease inhibitor or a


Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is the most common muscular dystrophy in adults. Cardiac involvement is common and manifests primarily as conduction defects leading to heart block and tachyarrhythmias. Patients with myotonic dystrophy are at high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), which is most likely due to myocardial fibrosis and degeneration of the cardiac conduction system that may lead either to asystole secondary to high-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, or ventricular tachyarrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF). Several studies have been done in the past to identify those who are at high risk for SCD. In one such study, Groh et al.1 found that those with severe ECG abnormalities, defined as a prolonged PR interval (≥240 milliseconds), widening of the QRS complex (≥120 milliseconds), or atrial tachyarrhythmias, were at higher risk when compared to those with normal ECGs, even when they were asymptomatic. They also showed that SCD is more common with advanced age and in patients with a higher muscle impairment score, indicating more severe disease. Another study published by Cudia et al.2 also reported advanced age, male gender, and advanced muscular disease as risk factors for SCD. On the other hand, the relationship between CTG repeat length, conduction abnormalities, and arrhythmias is not well established yet due to conflicting data, with only a few studies showing some relation. In one such study, Clarke et al.3 found that the larger the cytosine-thymine-guanosine (CTG) expansion the higher the likelihood of having widening of the QRS complex (but not PR interval). In another study, Groh et al.4 reported a relative risk for having arrhythmias of 2.9 for every 500 CTG repeat. Because the risk of SCD most often appears to be due to advanced AV block and asystole, it has become common practice to place a prophylactic permanent pacemaker in patients with myotonic dystrophy when they have severe ECG abnormalities suggestive of advance conduction system disease even if they are asymptomatic, with a number of studies showing a reduction in the rate of SCD. Lazarus


The linitis plastica type of scirrhous carcinoma occurs most frequently in the stomach and is extraordinarily uncommon in the colon (1, 3, 7) or elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract (1–3). In a series of 12,000 cases of carcinoma of the colon studied by Fahl, Dockerty, and Judd (2), 11 instances of this type were found, an incidence of less than 1 in 1,000. In an additional 80 cases in that series, scirrhous features were present in the lesion, but the gross appearance was not that of linitis plastica. Many cases reported as the primary linitis plastica type of carcinoma of the colon have been associated with previous long-standing chronic ulcerative colitis. In the series noted above, 3 of the 11 cases occurred in patients with that disease. Strictures due to benign fibrosis in the wall of the colon occur in a number of patients with chronic ulcerative colitis (4) and may perhaps precede the development of a scirrhous carcinoma. Other instances of linitis plastica of the colon originally thought to be...


Abstract This article examines the formation of gendered identities at the South African College, later the University of Cape Town, between 1880 and 1910. Using the records of disciplinary cases at the College, the article shows that there was an attempt to construct the 'ideal' College gentleman as adhering to particular codes of behaviour, seen as distinctive to young men who had been educated at the College. It then discusses inclusions and exclusions within the College, on the grounds of race, class and gender, showing that there was a central tension between the College's 'public' face as a government-funded institution, and its need to protect what occurred within the College space as distinctive, available only to particular kinds of people. The much-neglected records of the College Senate and Council as well as the student-run South African College Magazine have been used to examine these issues. The final section of the article addresses the College's response to political change in South Africa in the first decade of the twentieth century, arguing that the College actively sought to promote broad South Africanism for its students, and to position itself as central to the future of the South African Union.


-The papers presents an approach for increasing the work volume of 3-DOF triglide parallel manipulator by providing extensible links and apply the manipulator for performing inclined drilling operation. The modeling and analysis of triglide type parallel manipulator with extensible links, actuated by screw pairs and spherical pairs are carried out and presented. The working model of the fabricated angular drilling machine is analyzed for practical applicability. The models 3-dof glide type manipulator have been designed and constructed. Experimental analysis is carried out to find the angular tilt of moving platform. An algorithm is used to find the displacement of the nuts. Further validation of the model is done by software package ADAMS simulation. Force analysis is carried out to verify the practicability of the drilling machine. The results obtained from experimental and simulation methods are verified and found to be closer. There has not been any considerable effort made to apply robots for machining operations. The current interest of authors is to modify and use the manipulator for angular drilling operations. With the conventional machines, drilling an angular hole requires special fixtures for each specific angle. This parallel mechanism can automate the operation, which is the original idea of the authors.


This study was carried out to evaluate the response pattern of black gram (Vignamungo L.) and green gram (Vigna radiate L.) genotypes under water drought stress imposed at vegetative, early reproductive and pod filling stages on the basis of morpho-physiological traits and yield. Four commonly grown genotypesT9, KU 301 (black gram) and Pratap, SG 21-5 (green gram) were arranged in randomized block design with three replications. Drought stress was found to have significant inhibitory impact on all the studied traits. Positive correlation of seed yield was obtained with relative leaf water content, plant height, leaf number, leaf area and shoot: root biomass. Early reproductive stage was proved to be the most critical for drought stress as it greatly reduced seed yield (T9-31.28%, KU 30148.52%, Pratap-37.12%, SG 21-556.98%). Among the studied genotypes, T9 and Pratap were identified as drought tolerant with higher values of DTI, RP, MP and HI.


Leigh Marine Laboratory,Institute of Marine Science, Universityof Auckland, P.O Box 349, Warkworth, New Zealand*Corresponding author: tel: +61 3 6227 7277; fax: +61 3 6227 8035 e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com,I.A.,Green,B.S.,Gardner,C.,andJeffs,A.Settlementandearlysurvivalofsouthernrocklobster,Jasusedwardsii,underclimate-driven decline of kelp habitats. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsu199.Received28 August 2014; revised 14 October 2014; accepted 16 October 2014.Kelphabitatsprovidefood,refuge,andenhancetherecruitmentofcommerciallyimportantmarineinvertebrates.Thesouthernrocklobster,Jasusedwardsii, supports valuable fisheries in southern Australia and New Zealand. Kelp habitats once covered large areas of inshore reef aroundTasmania, Australia, but coverage has reduced over the last few decades due to climate change, especially off the eastern coast of the island.We investigated whether the kelp influences the settlement of lobster post-larvae to artificial collectors and how the presence of kelp affectedthe overnight predation on the early benthic phase (EBP). Settlement of lobster was tracked over 6 months using crevice collectorsthat had either natural or artificial giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera attached, or nothing attached (control). Collectors with natural kelp hadhigher catches than those with artificial kelp or controls (p ¼ 0.003), which suggested enhanced settlement through chemical attraction.Additionally, we measured overnight predation of the EBP in barren and kelp habitats individually tethered to artificial shelters. The kelphabitatwasdominatedbybrownmacroalgalspeciesofEckloniaradiata,Phyllosporacomosa,andM.pyrifera,whilethebarrenwasdevoidofmacro-algae.SurvivaloftheEBPwashigher( 40%)inthekelphabitatthaninthebarrenhabitat ( 10%)duetodifferencesinpredation(p ¼ 0.016).TheseresultssuggestthatthekelphabitatimprovestherecruitmentofJ.edwardsiiandthatdeclineinthishabitatmayaffectlocallobsterprod-uctivityalong the east coast of Tasmania.Keywords: climatechange, earlysurvival, Jasus edwardsii, kelp forest, Macrocystis, settlement.


The European Union was established after the Second World War by countries that wanted to maintain their presence in the global arena as a whole and reorganise economic structures. The rising powers challenged the European Union with the start of the millennium. In order to counter challenges, the European Union has developed a number of mechanisms for its institutional structure and its relations with other actors. These mechanisms included the concept of strategic partnership and summit diplomacy. The mechanisms started with cooperation frameworks such as trade. The mechanisms were thought to reduce the intensity of the challenges and further the relations between the states. For this reason, in this study, it will be discussed which challenges the rising powers have made against the EU and to what extent the foreign policy tools used by the EU against these challenges have effects will be discussed.


The objective of this study was to closely investigate the relationship between infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity of forest soil in forested hillslopes focusing approximately 0.1m below the ground surface. A total of 38 sampling points from forests with two different species ( J a p a n e s ece d a r and H i b aa r bo r v it ae ) were selected with respect to their thinning period in Ishikawa prefecture. The study was conducted using artificial rainfall condition that employ oscillating nozzle simulator. Soil at different depth and surface vegetation samples were collected before and after thinning from each forest type. The collected soil samples of the specific depth then were used to determine the effect of thinning on the soil permeability and hydraulic conductivity. The soil permeability and hydraulic conductivity then were measured before and after thinning for each soil sample. Results indicated that the maximum infiltration rate ( F I R m a x ) on surface soil ranged from 142 to 562 and 93 to 641 mm/h in J a p a n e s ece d a r and H i b aa r bo r v it ae plantation, respectively and these values were higher than predetermined rainfall intensity. Although higher rates of hydraulic conductivity were measured at depth of 5 and 5 -10 cm, surface runoff has been observed at both depths. Exceptionally, a single surface soil sample collected from J a p a n e s ece d a r showed a small value as observed in aquiclude while its maximum infiltration rate was over 300m/h without undergrowth but litter. The effect of time after thinning was not reflected on the maximum infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity. Moreover, the influence of slope, amount of cover-materials and soil characteristics were not observed on both measured parameters. As an advantage, forest cover reduces the direct rain drop impact that prevents the pore space of soil from being clogged and as a result higher values of both maximum infiltration and hydraulic conductivity rates were found.


Pedagogical mediation is the behavior of the teacher, which places him as an incentive or motivator of learning, but there are several challenges in the execution of this practice. The objective of this study was to report on the experience of tutoring, regarding the practice of pedagogical mediation in Distance Education courses, emphasizing the challenges of this activity. This is a descriptive, experience-based study, subsidized in the experiences of tutors in distance education courses promoted by the National School of Public Health / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation between 2014 and 2016. The experiences revealed that there are several challenges in the Pedagogical mediation, however, the most obvious ones perceived in the students were flexibility and attendance in virtual learning environments. Thus, it becomes necessary to know these obstacles, so that they are overcome, with a view to avoiding avoidance in the courses and to allow an exchange of knowledge in the teaching-learning process.

Keywords: mediation, distance education, mentoring.


The clinical usefulness of hysteroselpingography depends on the technique employed and the insight in the interpretation of the pictures. Here in Denmark, this method of examination is employed to any particular extent only by few hospitals where the appreciation of the finer details in the picture naturally is increasing and, with this, the clinical serviceability of the method. This point is illustrated by the following account of the salpingographic features in some cases of tubal endometriosis. In 3 patients, admitted to the Surgical Dep. of the Aarhus Municipal Hospital, laparotomy and the subsequent histological examination revealed endometriosis of the isthmian part of the tube. Prior to the laparotomy, these three patients were hysterosalpingographed, and in all three cases the pictures have this feature in common that fine spots of contrast shadow are seen outside the isthmian part of the tubal shadow. In one patient only a couple of pinhead-sized contrast spots are seen round the threadlike tubal shadow. In another patient the picture shows a 2 cm long area of the isthmian part of the tube transformed into a network of small channels filled with contrast substance, appearing here and there as denser shadow-giving, circular spots, possibly representing cross-sections of such channels. In the third patient the threadlike lumen of the tube is surrounded by a fine meshwork of contrast shadows.


In this paper, twenty-eight recent research studies on inquiry teaching in social studies and the social sciences are reviewed. Although a number of statistically significant results were claimed by the respective researchers, methodological deficiencies in many of the studies greatly reduce the importance of their efforts. Reference is made to a number of research deficiencies, including unsuitable evaluation instruments, lack of comparability of groups, lack of comparability of tasks and instructors for experimental and control groups and inadequate research designs. Although inquiry teaching has become widely espoused as a teaching method in schools, there are few substantial research studies to support its superiority over other teaching methods.


The cultural landscape has long been the indigenous language of man and the original inhabitancy of all living things. Humans evolved amongst animals, under the sky, upon the earth and near water resources. We have touched, saw, heard, smelled, tasted, lived in, and shaped the landscape before the spaces had words to describe what it did. Inhabited landscapes were the first human texts, read before the invention of other signs and symbols. This legacy of 'native identity' and cultural process makes a connection in each one, physically and mentally. Landscape thus provides the social milieu of our lives and even though we consist of multi-layered knowledge of the ethnographic landscape which is dependent on personal background, traditions, education and character, we should be collectively and individually aware of changes in our cultural landscape and or heritage (Swaffield 2005: 17). The following dissertation attempts to present an approach that might inform landscape design strategies or principles as a basis to the reclamation and/or conservation of redundant cultural heritage places. Along with theory, this paper will also investigate precedential studies to gain knowledge on how to efficiently redevelop a cultural landscape.


A market equilibrium that arises in the absence of any market imperfections or distortions; in other words, under the standard assumptions of perfect competition.


Data mining approach is applied in numerous numbers of fields for predicting and forecasting the events. However, in healthcare sectors, due to lack of faith in prediction method people hesitate to utilize data mining technique for health issues. People post their health related queries and get reply from the experts in many online healthcare applications. However, health seekers do not get instant assistance there; they need to wait for the experts for their opinion. Many data is accumulated in repository of such application. Using data mining techniques, useful information can be extracted from such repository, which can help health seekers to get instant assistance for their health related issues. These paper presents analysis on some data mining technique particularly in disease dataset. Three classification algorithms i.e. KNN, SVM, Naïve Bayes are applied on three disease dataset, to analyse the performance of the classifiers. The predictive rate is evaluated using four evaluation parameters i.e. Accuracy, precision, recall and f_measure. The experiment is performed in Matlab tool shows that Naive Bayes outperforms as compared to rest of the classifiers.


Solutions containing mesoscopic solutes in microscopic solvent were classified as Not-Athermal, the so named Athermal thermodynamic model represents the ideal condition of the Not-Athermal solutions. This reference system at high dilution is characterized by two distinct contributions: one coming from the solute, that can be treated as a perfect gas subjected to a pressure equivalent to the osmotic pressure (Pi) acting through a membrane between the solution, at the external pressure (P0), and the pure solvent at P0+Pi. The second contribution, from the solvent, is equivalent to that of pure solvent under a pressure P0+Pi within a volume given by the difference between that of the solution and the excluded volume of the solutes. Therefore all the excess properties of Not-Athermal solutions respect of this ideal behavior can be ascribed to the direct solute-solvent interactions, i.e. the hydration shell surrounding each solute molecules. The role of the hydration state is fundamental for the stability and the activity of biopolymers, in particular it has been recently shown that the properties of the hydration water network are directly related to the thermal stability of proteins extracted from organisms having different optimal living temperatures.
The enthalpy coming from the hydration state is a contribution in the Virial theorem normally neglected, because the work done from the external forces (the solvent) upon the internal spatial distribution of the solute atoms (the solute degree of freedoms) is negligible. This is clearly through when chemical bounds are compared with the external forces, but it is questionable when dealing with large solute, since its structure is characterized by many free energy minima separated by few KT. It will be shown that on this thermodynamic ground must of experimental techniques are unable to give any direct evaluation of the amount of the hydration water molecule.


There are three types of hydrous minerals in Bixiling eclogites of Dabieshan: phengite, amphibole and biotite. They are
formed at UHP metamorphism, retrograde symplectite metamorphism and retrograde amphibolite-facies metamorphism respectively.
Hydrogen and boron isotope compositions of them have been obtained by ion microprobe. They show homogeneous hydrogen and boron
isotopic ratios within the same grain: 8D and δ~(11) B values of phengite are - 105‰±9‰ and - 25. 9‰±2.0‰ respectively, those of
amphibole are - 100‰± 9‰ and - 24.4‰±0. 9‰, and those of biotite are -65‰±4‰ and -19. 3‰±1.3‰.δD and δ~(11)B
values of phengite are the same as those of amphibole within analytical error, but higher than those of biotite. These results demonstrate
that metamorphic fluid was internally buffered from UHP metamorphism to retrograde symplectite metamorphism, but at amphibolite-
facies metamorphic stage exotic fluid with D- and ~(11)B-enrichment entered into the system. δ~(11) B values of Bixiling eclogite are lower than
their crustal protolith, suggesting that subducted plate lose the original boron at high grade.


Memorandum presenting an investigation to determine the effects of jet exhaust and Reynolds number on the flow over the vertical stabilizer and rudder of the Douglas D-558-II research airplane with special attention to an understanding of the rudder reversals experienced in flight on the full-scale airplane. Tests were made at Mach numbers of 1.62, 1.93, and 2.41 over a range of ratios of jet static pressure to stream static pressure from the jet-off ratio to about 40 and for a maximum range of sideslip angles of 6 degrees. Results regarding the effect of varying jet static-pressure ratio, effect of varying sideslip angle, effect of varying Reynolds number, and effect of varying angle of attack.


Statistics in Brief publications present descriptive data in tabular formats to provide useful information to a broad audience, including members of the general public. They address simple and topical issues and questions. They do not investigate more complex hypotheses, account for inter-relationships among variables, or support causal inferences. We encourage readers who are interested in more complex questions and indepth analysis to explore other NCES resources, including publications, online data tools, and publicand restricted-use datasets. See nces.ed.gov and references noted in the body of this document for more information. Research indicates that mathematics coursetaking is related to positive academic and economic outcomes. Studies have found that high school students who take more rather than fewer mathematics courses are more likely to attend college (Levine and Zimmerman 1995) and to have higher levels of educational attainment (Goodman 2011). Research also suggests high school students who complete higher level mathematics courses are more likely to attend college than are those who complete lower level mathematics courses (Lucas 1999) and are more likely to graduate from college (Rose and Betts 2001). Even among students with the same level of educational attainment, additional high school mathematics courses and higher levels of mathematics courses are associated with higher earnings as adults (Rose and Betts 2004).


We briefly summarize current experimental and theoretical results on the two important processes of the low-energy hadron physics involving neutral pions: the Dalitz decay of π0 and the rare decay π0 → e+e−. As novel results we present the complete set of radiative corrections to the Dalitz decays η(′) → l+l−γ beyond the soft-photon approximation, i.e. over the whole range of the Dalitz plot and with no restrictions on the energy of a radiative photon. The corrections inevitably depend on the η(′) → γ*γ(*) transition form factors.


The information on books will probably be of less value than the section on tests because of the fact that this material is already available in other sources. Compilation of the information into a single volume will, however, add to the convenience of making the best possible use of it. As convenient references the directory of periodicals, the directory of publishers, the index of titles, and the index of names amply justify the space given them in the book. It is a small matter, but this reviewer believes that the title involves too broad use of the term "mental measurement." It is true that using the phrase to include the measurement of ability, intelligence, aptitude, education, achievement, subject matter, personality, character, and vocational aptitude can possibly be justified. There is, however, a general tendency to use the term more narrowly. The editor is to be commended for the idea of producing such a volume, for enlisting the co-operation of such a large number of competent reviewers, and especially for sticking to his guns in the face of objections from publishers and authors concerning certain evaluations of tests. Educators will look forward to the regular appearance of similar volumes in the future.


Everyone who has had some experience in teaching in the elementary schools realizes that no two children are alike in personality; that some are extremely well adjusted, and others, extremely maladjusted; and that be tween these two extremes may be found all degrees of adjustment. Again, some children may possess desirable traits in one component of personality and at the same time undesirable traits in other components.


Thin films of LiNiO2 were prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique and the properties were studied in relation to the deposition parameters. Systematic characteri zations like RBS, SEM, TEM and electrochemical stud ies were performed on to the prepared samples. The SEM data emonstrated that the films exhibited a smooth surf ace roughness with spherical droplets. The grain size i ncreased with the increase of substrate temperature . Th Li/Ni ratio has been studied as a function of the substra te temperature. The films prepared in the substrate temperature range 300-700 C were found to be nearly stoichiometric. The elect rochemical measurements were carried out on Li//LiNiO2 cells with a lithium metal foil as anode and LiNiO 2 film as cathode of 1.5 cm 2 active area using a Teflon home-made cell hardware. The Li//LiNiO 2 cells were tested in the potential range 2.6 – 4.0 V. Specific capacity as high as 200 mC/cm μm was measured for the film grown at 700 C. The growth of LiNiO2 films were studied in relation to the deposition parameters for their eff ective utilization as cathode materials in solid st ate microbattery


samples were thus obtained for subsequent anaerobic assay with P. cereviseae. Typical assay results are indicated in Fig. 2. There is a marked increase in P. cereviseae activity caused by incubation of C. sporogenes with folic acid as compared with the corresponding nonincubated system. This activity could not be attributed to endogenous cell activity, and was not due to the utilization of arylamines from folic acid degradation because the synthesis of P. cereviseae activity by the system containing sulfathiazole was not inhibited.


GNSS receivers are vulnerable to replay attacks. Main of previous works suppose all visible GNSS satellites' signals are manipulated by repeaters, which launch replay attacks, and a victim GNSS receiver processes spoofing signals but not legitimate signals. However, in navigation confrontation environment, the supposing is quite difficult to meet. To this end, here a more practicable scenario called RAPC, which represents Replay Attacks based on Parts of Channels and means both spoofing signals and legitimate signals are processed by a GNSS receiver, is considered. In order to evaluate the performance of RAPC on manipulating a GNSS receiver's position, which is the base for high-efficient spoofing and anti-spoofing, a residual vector analysis method (RVAM) is proposed in the paper. In the method, according to the desired position, current GNSS constellation, and the positions of repeaters, a set of linear measurement equations are built, which associate with PVT solutions and residual vector, and are used to choose satellite signals to be spoofed and make delays on the spoofed signals. The precision of RVAM is analyzed as well. Theoretical and simulation results demonstrate the validity of the method.


Universal Re-encryption Cryptosystems do not require the knowledge of the recipient's public key for re-encrypting a ciphertext whereas conventional Re-encryption Cryptosystems need that knowledge. In this paper, we present the first Identity-based Universal Re-encryption Cryptosystem scheme whose re-encryption algorithm does not need to have the knowledge of the recipient's identity. By generalizing the definition of Universal Semantic Security to Identity Based Universal Cryptosystems, we prove the security of our scheme. There are some applications for universal re-encryption cryptosystems which cannot be made using conventional cryptosystems. One significant application of these cryptosystems is in mix networks with several recipients, such as anonymous communication networks.


We consider a model of migrating population occupying a compact domain Ω in the plane. We assume the Malthusian growth of the population at each point x ∈ Ω and that the mobility of individuals depends on x ∈ Ω. The evolution of the probability density u(x, t) that a randomly chosen individual occupies x ∈ Ω at time t is described by the nonlocal linear equation ut = Ω φ(y)u(y, t) dy − φ(x)u(x, t), where φ(x) is a given function characterizing the mobility of individuals living at x. We show that the asymptotic behaviour of u(x, t) as t → ∞ depends on the properties of φ in the vicinity of its zeros.


AbstractCharacterizing and quantifying vertical exchange processes is essential for understanding physical and biological dynamics in stratified lakes and oceans. Unfortunately, the role of mixing is still poorly understood because of the challenges of conducting field research on small-scale turbulence, especially in the vicinity of a thermocline. This study presents a new moored sensor platform that was designed to investigate small-scale turbulence structures in time and space. The objective is to determine all terms of the turbulent energy equation separately and simultaneously. The platform is equipped with a microstructure package for measuring shear, temperature, and temperature gradients, as well as with a vertical array of high-precision thermistor probes and acoustic Doppler velocimeters. The platform can be moved vertically in the water column using a bottom-resting winch that is connected to a shore station by a 1800-m-long communication cable. This cable allows real-time data access and contr...


Background: The addition of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies to chemotherapy regimens for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) has led to significant improvements in response and survival (Burger, O'Brian, Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2018). However, toxicities with treatment exist and real world evidence suggests that tolerability of treatment protocols may differ than those established by clinical trials (Mato et. al. Am Soc Hematology 2017), making clinical treatment decisions challenging. This study retrospectively reviewed the tolerability of three front line chemo-immunotherapy options utilized at the Saskatchewan Cancer Agency (SCA): Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide and Rituximab (FCR) for fit patients, Bendamustine plus Rituximab (BR) for older but fit patients or younger but frail and Obinutuzumab plus Chlorambucil (O-Chlor) for older and/or frail patients. SCA guidelines suggest the choice of treatment regimen should be based on patient age and fitness, a surrogate for ability to tolerate full dose treatment. However, neither these two criteria nor what constitutes tolerability is defined, resulting in a subjective assessment of fitness, a common problem in real world settings (Bouret et al, Hematologica 2013). We hypothesized that choice of treatment without these definitions would lead to poor choice of regimen selection and inferior patient outcome.
 Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of CLL patients receiving front line chemo immunotherapy treatment at the SCA between 2015-2018. Patients' ability to tolerate treatment was assessed by the number of cycles completed, total dose intensity received, dose delays or change in therapy. Regimen tolerability was compared to physician calculated Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) scores (an objective fitness measure) however, this was calculated after treatment regimen was determined. Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were utilized to analyze the effect of tolerability and regimen received on patient outcome as defined by death due to CLL or progressive disease.
 Results: Ninety-six patient charts were reviewed. Regimen tolerability is shown in Table 1. A dose intensity of ≥ 75% was achieved by 91.3%, 69.9% and 48.7% of patients treated with FCR, BR and O-Chlor respectively. Dose intensity was statistically different among all 3 treatments (p=0.002) and specifically between FCR and BR (p=0.048). The number of cycles received for the 3 treatment groups were also statistically different most notably between FCR and O-Chlor (p=0.01) CIRS score of ≤ or > 6 was not different between the 3 groups. Median survival was statistically different between FCR (34.5 mo.), BR (36.1 mo.) and O-Chlor (25.4mo), (p=0.02) by Kaplan Meir Analysis.
 Univariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated the following statistically significant risk differences for death from CLL or disease progression; 1) Higher risk for O-Chlor versus BR [Hazard Ratio (HR)= 5.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.65-16.13), P=0.004), 2) Lower risk for DI ≥ 75% for a 3 regimens [HR=0.19, 95% CI: (0.08-0.44), P=0.001], 3) each additional cycle of treatment received lowered the risk of death from CLL or disease progression by 33% [HR=0.67, 95% CI:(0.56-0.80), P<0.0001] and 4) if an additional cycle of treatment required dose reduction, the event rate decreased by 23% [HR=0.77, 95% CI: (0.59-0.99), P=0.047].
 Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that only the regimen received and not specific tolerability remained statistically significant for patient outcomes.
 Conclusions:
 Dose intensity and the number of cycles received independently affected patient outcome indicating that certain aspects of regimen tolerability are important to consider when making treatment decisions. These results add to the growing body of real world evidence for front line CLL chemo immunotherapy.

 Elemary: Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Lundbeck: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.


The research work Identification and control of insect pests in the cultivation
of creole corn in the commune Sancan had as objectives to identify the main
pests that affect the cultivation of creole corn in the commune Sancan,
determine the best botanical extract that lowers the incidence of pests and
perform an economic analysis of treatments. The methodology allowed to
have a bi-factorial design where the A factor corresponding to plant extracts
that are neem + garlic; Garlic; neem and absolute Witness, with factor B or
application dose (concentration) that corresponds to 10% and 20%, the
variables evaluated were plant height and ear insert (cm), length and
diameter of ear (cm), number of rows of grain by ear (N °), weight of 100
seeds (g), Yield in kg / ha., number of mass of eggs, larvae and adult insects
per plant (N °) and economic analysis. The results allow to conclude that the
plague that caused the most damage to the corn was Spodptera frugiperda
that affected the whole cycle of the corn crop. The botanical extract that
under the incidence of insect pests especially the Spodoptera frugiperda in
creole corn culture was the neem + garlic applied to the foliage and bud in a
dose of 10 l / ha because I have low levels of larvae by treatment below the
absolute control; the economic analysis indicates that the economic
alternative with the highest Marginal Return Rate is the treatment one neem
+ garlic at 10% with 233% of TRM.


Schizophrenia is one of the most prevalent mental diseases, and is considered to be caused by the interplay of a number of genetic factors. In this paper, by constructing a multilayer restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) deep network, we use the genomic data (i.e., SNP data) for unsupervised feature learning and disease diagnosis of schizophrenia. In order to obtain some more accurate diagnosis results by RBMs, firstly, we transform the SNP data into binary sequences, and then by training the multi-layer RBMs deep network on unlabeled data, the multi-level abstract features of the genomic data are obtained and stored in the network. Finally, by adding a linear classifier to the top of the multi-layer RBMs deep network, the classification results on the testing data are gained. The results show that the average performance of this method is better than that of other methods, e.g., SVM (including linear SVM as well as SVM with multilayer perceptron kernel), sparse representations based classifier and k-nearest neighbors method. It is indicated that the multi-layer RBMs deep network can extract deep hierarchical representations of the genomic data, and then promises a more comprehensive approach for the mental disease diagnosis.


A novel comb compact microstrip resonant cell, entitled CCMRC, is firstly proposed. The compact configuration presents ultra wide stopband and attractive slow-wave characteristics. A lowpass filter, consisting of three CCMRCs connected in series, is designed and fabricated. The filter has the merits of low insertion loss in the passband, sharp, deep and wide rejection in the stopband and compact size. Good agreement between experimental and simulated results is achieved.


An automatic procedure is presented for processing heart rate variability (HRV, taken from the ECG) and respiration of diabetic subjects with or without neuropathy. Spectral analysis is carried out using autospectra, cross-spectra, and coherence parametric methods (based on autoregressive modeling). Spectral parameters, and in particular the power associated with low-frequency and high-frequency bands, as well as the contribution of the HRV spectrum coherent with respiration, seem to discriminate satisfactorily between diabetic subjects with and without neuropathy. These results were obtained from the control population when resting/standing and when respiration was controlled. This fact reflects the impact of neural control systems on heart rate and respiration.<<ETX>>


This paper presents a low-power design and an area-efficient FPGA implementation of digital channel selection filtering processor for radio receiver. For an homodyne wide-band RF receiver and sigma-delta modulator, two filtering cascade structures composed of 5 stages comb filter, FIR half-band filter and selector filter are compared. Design flow of hardware architecture is presented through digital data format representation and topology of digital operators. Experimental results are given to evaluate performances and complexity of designed FPGA-based implementation.


Pressure wave propagation in a liquid containing several bubbles is numerically investigated. We simulate liner plane wave propagation in a liquid containing 10 spherical bubbles in a rectangular duct with the equation of motion for N spherical bubbles. The sound pressures of the reflected waves from the rigid walls are calculated by using the method of images. The result shows that the phase velocity of the pressure wave propagating in the liquid containing 10 spherical bubbles in the duct agrees well with the low-frequency speed of sound in a homogeneous bubbly liquid.


Rawalpindi and Islamabad commonly known as twin cities of Pakistan have 3.2 million population. Twin cities have rapidly urbanized in the last three decades. The objective of the present study is to compute the urban growth and its effect on evolution of local temperature trends of twin cities. To compute the land-cover change such as built-up area, vegetation cover, water and barren land, Landsat images of 1980, 1992, 2000 and 2013 are classified by using the supervised image classification with maximum likelihood rule and probability surface method. To evaluate the change in temperature trends, homogenized time series data of daily averaged monthly minimum (Tmin) and maximum (Tmax) temperatures for the period of 1983 to 2013 is analyzed by using the linear regression. The results show that built-up area of twin cities increased from 66 km2 in 1983 to 148 km2 in 2013 with an increase of 120 per cent within 31 years. Due to resulted urbanization, Tmin and Tmax of twin cities have been increasing. Tmin is increased more in Rawalpindi than Islamabad and Tmax is increased more in Islamabad than Rawalpindi. The highest increase in Tmin and Tmax at both stations is observed during spring season.


The article introduces the method of utilizing Multisim to analyze the working procedure of three state gate,the purpose is to explore the three states simulation waveforms door technology work.Utilizes word generator of Multisim simulation program to generate the control signal and input signal,utilizes oscilloscope and logic analyzer to display the each input signal and the output signal waveform with synchronization and more trace.Describes the set method of word generator under different operating conditions and how the word reflects the content of the input three state gate with different input conditions.The conclusion is that it can describe the working process of three state gate intuitively.The innovation of the method is that it can solve the problem of three state gate working waveform that cannot be verified and analyzed by electronic apparatus.


Ahmad, N, Wyn Jones, R. G. and Jeschke, W. D. 1987. Effect of exogenous glycinebetaine on Na+ transport in barley roots.—J. exp. Bot. 38: 913-921. A comparison has been made of the kinetics of 22Na+ uptake into excised barley roots and roots pre-loaded with glycinebetaine. The elevated intracellular glycinebetaine or a metabolic consequence thereof increased the Na+ influx, and the effect was related to the level of internal glycinebetaine and/or Na+ [CI-]. The quasi-steady-state Na+ influx at the tonoplast rather than the plasmalemma influx was apparently influenced by glycinebetaine loading. The tonoplast fluxes and vacuolar Na + content were consistently higher in glycinebetaine-loaded roots than unloaded roots. A membrane modifying role of glycinebetaine in relation to ion compartmentation is discussed. Key words—Excised roots, glycinebetaine, Na+, ion fluxes, barley. Correspondence to: Department of Biochemistry and Soil Science, University College of North Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K.


The purpose of this study was to assess how collective efficacy changes over time as a group receives feedback on a meaningful task. As part of a class project, student groups were formed early in the semester and remained intact for 4 months. Performance, collective efficacy, and self-efficacy were measured six times during the semester. Members began to agree about the group's ability to perform early in the group's development. However, analysis indicated that variation came from both within and between groups. Additional analysis indicated that other variables, most notably self-efficacy, continued to influence beliefs about group performance.


A new millimeter waves(MMW) holographic system using dual frequencies is presented,which can detect the distance between a target and antenna aperture of the system,but also image holographic to a certain distance target.Compared with the similar work done by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory(PNNL) in USA,the designed scheme has more promising and wider applications,such as to check concealed guns or other contrabands in or under personal clothing at a security point and to track object as a kind of MMW imaging radar in military etc.Further more,an imaging algorithm is presented and simulated based on the imaging system.Meanwhile,a simulated imaging result is provided too.In a word,the discussions maybe give some help for designing the imaging system in practice.


This study investigated the use of porous activated kaolin particles in the size range of 300400 μm as high-temperature sorbents for cesium capture in the presence of chlorine and/or in the presence of cadmium and lead. Packed bed sorption tests by passing CsCl-carrying flue gas through the packed bed of activated porous kaolin particles were first performed at the temperature range of 973-1173 K and a CsCl partial pressure range of 7.4-11.1 Pa. The observed structural change of the sorbent mineral at the stage of sorption revealed the characteristics of an irreversible chemical reaction as a major cesium capturing mechanism. In the fully saturated kaolin sorbent, Cs2O·Al2O3·2SiO2 is present as a sorption reaction product, together with much smaller amount of water-soluble cesium species. The increase in sorbent bed temperature resulted in an increase in the rate of sorption, but it had no effect on maximum cesium uptake. In the presence of other condensable gas-phase metal chlorides such as cadmium and lead, cesium was preferentially adsorbed onto tested activated kaolinite, but a half of cesium appeared to be physically-sorbed cesium species, CsCl.


An efficient method for the facile assembly of fluoroalkylated tetrasubstituted furan derivatives via a three-component cascade reaction of polyfluoroalkyl peroxide with sulfinates was developed.


Bioethanol purification technology for fuel needs has been done a lot. One of methods to purify bioethanol is by adding adsorbents to bioethanol. This study aims to determine the effect of residence time and mass of adsorbent on increasing bioethanol levels. In this study, it was shown that there was an effect on residence time on the level of increase in bioethanol. The best bioethanol planting time was obtained by soaking the adsorbent for 60 minutes, with a content of 5.1%. While the longer dwelling time can affect the ability of silica gel adsorption to decrease and result in a decrease in the level of bioethanol produced. The effect of the mass of the adsorbent on the increase in corn hump bioethanol levels, the best increase in the mass of the adsorbent was 1.25 grams, with an increase in ethanol content of 0.1% obtained by ethanol content of 5.1%. The effect of the mass of the adsorbent on increasing levels of bioethanol, where the more mass of the adsorbent, the more water can be absorbed. In the distillation process, the volume of bioethanol was 64.75 mL with the acquisition of the initial bioethanol level of 4%, which will be used as bait for adsorption using silica gel. In each sample bioethanol volume was used as much as 5 mL, with variations in residence time (60; 120; 180; 240 and 300) minutes, while for mass variations of the adsorbent amounted to (0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1 and 1.25) grams.


Fourteen diverse genotypes of wheat including three standard check variety were evaluated under heat stress condition during rabi season 2016-17 at Agriculture Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. Genotypes were studied for genetic variability, path analysis and diversity with the aim to identify the superior genotype with significantly satisfactory yield under very late sown condition. The data were recorded for traits viz., days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, 1000 grain weight, grain yield plot-1 and biological yield plot-1. Analysis of variance showed significant differences for all the six traits. The grain yield plot-1 ranged from 2375–3600 g.The phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed highest for grain yield plot-1. Highest broad sense heritability was observed for 1000 grain weight while genetic advance was estimated to be highest for grain yield plot-1. Diversity analysis indicates that total 14 genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was found between cluster IV and V followed by II and V. This exhibited that genotypes included in these clusters possess wide genetic diversity. Diversity study shows that the selection of genotypes for crosses from cluster V (WR544(C)) with cluster IV(PBW778), cluster II (HD3272) and cluster I (HI11621, WH1232, PBW757, DBW251, DBW250, HD3271 and WH1233) could give maximum heterosis and prove to be good recombinants. Hence, genotypes from such diverse groups can be selected for making the crosses and selection of desirable genotype for heat tolerance and better yield.


We propose a new target-oriented waveform inversion to estimate the physical parameters from a specific target in the subsurface from observed data from deviated-VSP acquisition or surface seismic data. Furthermore, we investigate a strategy to estimate the impulse responses from a local target in the subsurface from deviated-VSP acquisition or surface seismic data as an iterative sparse inversion approach, where the main feature of this strategy is that all multiple scattering in the data is used to enhance the illumination at target level. In these approaches we fit the upgoing wavefields observed at a specific level near the local target with the upgoing wavefields estimated at same depth level through convolution-type representation for the Green's function. The main feature of the target-oriented waveform inversion is that we just need to know the upand downgoing wavefields at the depth level above the target area to estimate the physical parameters for the area of interest. We show through numerical tests that the iterative sparse inversion approach does not require dense sources sampling to estimate the impulse responses from a target below a complex overburden, because of all the extra illumination via multiples. The physical parameters above the target area is not necessary to know if we use the data from deviated-VSP geometry of acquisition, but for surface seismic data we need to know a smooth physical parameter above the target area to estimate the upand downgoing wavefields at depth level nearby the local target. For surface seismic data we used Joint Migration Inversion to estimate the upand downgoing wavefields at depth level near the target area.