In this study, agricultural residue from black oat, a cover crop usually grown to improve soil nutrients between the periods of regular crop production, was used as a source of cellulose fibers. Concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 wt. % of regenerated cellulose (RC) fibers blended in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution were used to prepare the reinforced composite films (CFs) by the solvent cast method. Compared to neat PVA film (control), the effects of RC addition on functional properties of CFs, such as water absorption, transparency, thermal stability, and mechanical property were investigated. All CFs with different RC concentrations exhibited improved mechanical property and thermal stability while the swelling property was decreased, and no significant changes were observed in the film transparency as compared with the control film. Among the CFs, films with 3% RC significantly decreased water vapor transmission rate, swelling, and soluble fraction (p < 0.05). In addition, Young's modulus and tensile strength were increased by 40 MPa and 3 MPa, respectively, while elongation at break was decreased by 4%, compared to the control film. The results indicate that RC from black oat might be feasible as potential bio fillers to improve film properties in a bio-based composite matrix.


Water- Sucrose Interactions,the Quality of Crystals and the Storage Stability of White Sugar.Mohamed Mathlouthi,L aboratoire de Chimie Physique Industrielle,Facultedes Sciences,U niversitede Reim s Cham pagne- Ardenne,B.P.10 39-5 16 87Reims Cedex2 ,France 白糖结块现象可被认为是一种自然产生的附聚现象,其发生在一定的晶体质量(尤其是较大的C.


In an age in which so much information is communicated through images, libraries can no longer exclude the 'new technology of the image'. It is essential for libraries to respond to the challenge of the media, and to recognise, for example, the importance of television, which has a very visible and vital presence in the Bibliothèque publique d'information at the Pompidou Centre in Paris. Ever since the invention of photography, France has been the home of a lively tradition of active, innovative interest in photography. This is reflected in the existence of the Centre national de la photographies and the Ecole nationale de la photographie, in collections and exhibitions of photographs, and recently in the use made of videodiscs, by both museums and libraries, as a means of storing images and making them accessible. Telecommunications offer the prospect of online access to a network linking image collections together as a single visual resource. The most serious obstacles to be overcome are neither technological nor financial: the legal question of copyright has to be addressed, while the muted interest of historians does not as yet represent an overwhelming demand for such a service, and much may depend on librarians to stimulate the enthusiasm of potential users.


This paper will explore whether algae-based biofuel is a viable alternative energy option and how the proposed federal tax incentive and other governmental programs could help propel this unique technology to become a more sustainable energy option. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the problem of developing technologies in the algae-based biofuel industry. No current regulation exists specifically with respect to algae-based biofuel as it falls into the broad category of cellulosic biofuels. This paper suggests public policy imperatives in Florida in concert with the proposed algae-based biofuel tax credit to address the economic issue of having this renewable energy alternative become sustainable and less cost-prohibitive to encourage larger scale usage.


The aim of this project is to conduct a parametric investigation into the modeling of two dimensional dendrite solidification, using the phase field model. Specifically, we use the Tusas code, which is for coupled heat and phase-field simulation of dendritic solidification. Dendritic solidification, which may occur in the presence of an unstable solidification interface, results in treelike microstructures that often grow perpendicular to the rest of the growth front. The interface may become unstable if the enthalpy of the solid material is less than that of the liquid material, or if the solute is less soluble in solid than it is in liquid, potentially causing a partition [1]. A key motivation behind this research is that a broadened understanding of phase-field formulation and microstructural developments can be utilized for macroscopic simulations of phase change. This may be directly implemented as a part of the Telluride project at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), through which a computational additive manufacturing simulation tool is being developed, ultimately to become part of the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program within the U.S. Department of Energy [2].


These journals are peer reviewed and publish articles about Athletic Training. They are recommended by Curry faculty as top tier journals. Read them, cite them, and publish in them!


HyperStyle enables accurate and highly editable inversions of real images. While our tool aims to empower content creators, it can also be used to generate more convincing deep-fakes [25] and aid in the spread of disinformation [27]. However, powerful tools already exist for the detection of GAN-synthesized imagery [15, 28]. These tools continually evolve, which gives us hope that any potential misuse of our method can be mitigated. Another cause for concern is the bias that generative networks inherit from their training data [17]. Our model was similarly trained on such a biased set, and as a result, may display degraded performance when dealing with images from minority classes [16]. However, we have demonstrated that our model successfully generalizes beyond its training set, and allows us to similarly shift the GAN beyond its original domain. These properties allow us to better preserve minority traits when compared to prior works, and we hope that this benefit would similarly enable fairer treatment of minorities in downstream tasks.


For the past 30 odd years, electromyography has been used to aid in the understanding and investigation of abnormal function or of dysfunction of the lower motor neuron, more specifically of the motor unit. During the latter part of this period, clinical electromyography has been developed specifically to understand the abnormality of dysfunction of the lower motor neuron (neuropathies) as well as of the muscle itself (myopathies). As a result of these clinical studies, some questions have arisen regarding the true nature of denervation activity. For example, is this activity an inherent property of the skeletal muscle fiber as an organ itself, having existed from intrauterine life? Is denervation activity a reversion of the inherent function of the muscle fibers to their infantile preinnervated state? It is assumed that the motor nerve has two basic controls over the muscle fibers: ( a ) trophic control, and ( b ) physiological control of its excitable


Based on the practice of English listening teaching,the essay analyses the three major barriers offecting listening comprehesion,suggesting some countermeasures to improve the listening comprehension ability.


Acrylamide,sodium acrylate and hydrophobic-monomer copolymer super absorbent resin were synthesized using redox initiators system of(NH4)2S2O8 and NaHSO3 as initiating agent by aqueous solution polymerization.The effect of polymerization conditions,such as amount of initiator,concentration of monomer,neutralization degree of acrylic acid on absorbing brine performance of super absorbent resin were studied.The conclusion showed that when the mixtures concentration was 30%,the mass ratio of acrylamide,acrylic acid to hydrophobic-monomer was 6.7∶9∶1,the neutralization degree of acrylic acid was 80%,initiating agent was 0.25%,the polymer salt-tolerance and super absorbent performance was fine.


'To the Messrs. Earle … everything arriving from the coasts of the Mediterranean, from the Pillars of Hercules to the Pillar of Pompey, used to be consigned.' Thomas Earle was 47 years old when he and Mary returned from their sojourn in Italy. At this age, many merchants began to think about winding down, transferring funds into rentier investments and beginning to anticipate the joys of retirement. But this was not to be Tom Earle's way. He relaxed a bit, took pleasure in riding and gardening, for instance, but overall he was pretty active in business right up to his death, 25 years later, in April 1781. The family stayed with relations on their return to Liverpool, but soon set up on their own in a large house in Hanover Street, the street favoured by the mercantile elite. The correspondence between Joseph Denham and Mary Earle became much more irregular after her return to Liverpool, but Denham's surviving letters do allow us some inkling of Mary's life in England. In July 1768, for instance, Denham wrote that he believed her life was now preferable to what she had enjoyed in Italy, 'on account of your numerous friends and relations', suggesting that she had a lively social life in England. Lack of English friends in Italy had been a major contribution to her homesickness. It is also clear that Mary had successfully encouraged her two girls to keep up their Italian and to take advantage of the best education available, although sadly no details are available. 'I am glad to find your two daughters are well situated at school', Denham wrote in 1774, when the girls were 13 and 10. 'Your plan of education enraptures me. How different from this country!' Meanwhile, Thomas was busy as a shipowner and merchant. The shipping database shows him to be sole or part-owner of 11 ships which made 43 trading voyages between them from 1762 to 1780, two or three voyages a year, and he also had shares in seven slaving voyages in partnership with his younger brother William.


We consider compact matrix quantum groups whose fundamental corepresentation matrix has entries which are partial isometries with central support. We show that such quantum groups have a simple representation as semi-direct product quantum groups of a group dual quantum group by an action of a permutation group. This general result allows us to completely classify easy quantum groups with the above property by certain reflection groups. We give four applications of our result. First, there are uncountably many easy quantum groups. Second, there are non-easy quantum groups between the free orthogonal quantum group and the permutation group. Third, we study operator algebraic properties of the hyperoctahedral series. Finally, we prove a generalised de Finetti theorem for easy quantum groups in the scope of this article.


WILLEN H., WILLEN R. and SniNDAHL U.: Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. VII. Influence of vehicle osmolarity on biopsy quality. Acta radiol. Oncology 22 (1983), 257. A histopathologic grading system for more reliable determination of the prognosis in individual patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix necessitates better sampling and fixation techniques. Fixation in 10 per cent formalin and 0.17 mol phosphate buffer at pH 7.0, with an effective osmolarity of 350 mrnol/l, gave optimal stainability, and minimized tissue shrinkage and sectioning artefacts. Vessels remained open, which facilitated the analysis of vascular invasion. A newly designed biopsy forceps yielded large and representative specimens with a minimum of pressure distortion. HIMMELMANN A. and RAGNHULT I.: High dose rate afterloading treatment in carcinoma of the uterine cervix using an individual planning and reconstruction system. Acta radiol. Oncology 22 (1983), 263. The results of intracavitary radiation treatment of 100 cases of cervical carcinoma stage I A and II A with a high dose rate afterloading system are reported. To increase treatment precision an individual method was used with definition of the target and with a detailed three-dimensional computer planning system. A Wertheim operation followed intracavitary treatment and postoperative external irradiation was only given to cases with positive nodes. Residual tumor was found to the same extent as with the former manual radium treatment. Besides having achieved full radiation protection of the staff, radiation reactions among patients were almost eliminated. GLiMELIUS B., GRAFFMAN S., PAHLMAN L. and WILANDER E.: Radiation therapy of anal carcinoma. Acta radiol. Oncology 22 (1983), 273. Between 1978 and 1982, 30 consecutive patients with anal carcinoma were given radiation therapy. Irradiation alone was given to c1oacogenic carcinoma and in combination with bleomycin to squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with an early tumour (T!, T2) were treated to 65 Gy (60 Gy+bleomycin) directly, whereas patients with a moderately advanced tumour (T3) were treated to the same radiation dose only if no evidence of residual disease existed after approximately 50 Gy (45 Gy + bleomycin); if a palpable tumour still remained 3 to 4 weeks after the end of the irradiation, surgery was performed. Seven of 7 patients with an early lesion (T I, T2) and 5 of 9 with a tumour in stage T3 treated according to this regime are alive with no evidence of disease and with preserved anal anatomy and function. Only one of9 patients in stage T3 and T4, also treated with an abdominoperineal resection had viable tumour at surgery and 6 of them are alive without disease; 2 died postoperatively and one developed a recurrence in the urinary bladder. The results indicate that anal carcinomas are sensitive to radiation and often curable by irradiation. I Acta Radiologica Diagnosis 24 (/983) Fasc. 5 VAYRYNEN T.: Cumulative radiation damage and cumulative radiation effect. Acta radiol. Oncology 22 (1983), 281. Different mathematical formulas capable of replacing CRE have been analyzed. The purpose was to develop an expression which would yield a value identical with CRE for regular treatment schedules, but would represent more dearly and more truthfully the radiation damage of tissue. This quantity has been called cumulative radiation damage (CRD). Its unit is adequately called CRD unit. CRD does not require a separate gap correction, as does CRE, it is easy to use, explicit and unambiguous. CRE, CRD and some other formulas have been compared in different types of radiation therapy. RUTQVIST L. E. and WALLGREN A.: Influence of age on outcome in breast carcinoma. Acta radiol. Oncology 22 (1983), 289. The effect of age on outcome was analysed in an unselected series of 1730 breast carcinoma patients reported from Stockholm county to the Swedish Cancer Registry during 1961-1963. The follow-up time was 18 to 21 years. Patients aged less than 50 years at diagnosis fared better than those who were older (p<0.05) but the difference was only significant during the period 0--9 years (p<O.OOI). No significant differences in survival were observed between separate age groups when patients in a random sample consisting of 389 cases were divided by histopathologic axillary node status. The main cause of the demonstrated age effect thus seems to have been a more favourable tumour stage distribution among the young patients. It is concluded, however, that a comprehensive analysis of the effect of age on the outcome of breast carcinoma would require a more detailed stage grouping than, in practice, is available in an unselected series of patients from a whole country or region. THOMMESEN P., BARTHOLDY N. and BUNGER E.: Histiocytosis X. VIII. Histiocytosis X simulating tuberculosis. Acta radiol. Oncology 22 (1983), 295. The findings in 9 patients with histiocytosis X localized to the spine and 7 patients with tuberculous spondylitis were compared. It was not always possible to differentiate between these two conditions without a supplementary fine needle aspiration biopsy. This is therefore recommended in patients with possible histiocytosis X or spondylitis and a divergent clinical course. HAUER JENSEN M., SAUER T., DEVIK F. and NYGAARD K.: Late changes following single dose roentgen irradiation on rat small intestine. Acta radiol. Oncology 22 (1983), 299. In female Wistar rats a 10 cm long exteriorized mid small intestinal segment was roentgen irradiated with 17, 19,21 and 23 Gy as single exposures. Animals were killed in groups of 3 at intervals of 6 weeks from 2 to 50 weeks following irradiation. Irradiation injury was assessed using 8 macroscopic and histopathologic parameters, and an injury score for each animal was calculated. The parameters used were divided in 2 subgroups, early and late alterations, showing different types of development. The score for the early alterations decreased from 2 to 20 weeks following irradiation and then remained constant. The late alterations increased and seemed to stabilize about 8 weeks following irradiation. After the initial 20 weeks there was no progression of irradiation injury. BECCIOLINI A., BALZI M., CREMONINI D. and FABBRICA D.: Sphase cell distribution in the small intestine irradiated at different times of the day. I. Acute irradiation injury. Acta radiol. Oncology 22 (1983), 305. The S-phase cell distribution has been analysed to evaluate the behaviour of proliferative cells in the intestinal epithelium after irradiation at different times of the day. A marked reduction of S cell frequency was observed at early intervals after abdominal irradiation; this reduction was particularly evident in the lower half of the crypts. At subsequent intervals a progressive extension of the proliferative compartment, with labelled cells also at the top of the crypt, was present. The irradiated groups generally showed a homogeneous behaviour even if a more marked reduction in S-phase cells was observed in group C. The invertase activity, a brush border enzyme synthetized during the differentiation process, presented a different behaviour at the early intervals in the irradiated groups. When the extension of the proliferative compartment occurred the invertase activity reached values close to zero. The modifications in brush border enzymes and in S-phase cell distribution, at early killing times, led to the hypothesis of an early differentiation. JOHANSSON L., CARLSSON J. and NILSSON K.: Radiation sensitivity of human histiocytic lymphomas in vitro. Acta radiol. Oncology 22 (1983), 315. The radiation sensitivity of five human lymphoma cell lines has been investigated. All cell lines were originated from tumours clinically classified as histiocytic lymphomas. Using biochemical 2 Acta Radiologica Dia -nosis 24 (/983 Fasc. 5 and immunologic techniques it was found that only one of them was a true histiocytic lymphoma. This cell line had an appreciable shoulder on the survival curve and capacity to repair sublethal damage. The survival curves of the other cell lines had no shoulders and the cells had nearly no capacity to repair sublethal damage. Taken together with previously published experimental and clinical observations the results indicate that tumours which by conventional diagnostic techniques are classified as histiocytic lymphomas are very heterogeneous in radiation sensitivity. It is possible that tumours of true histiocytic origin are more resistant to radiation than tumours of lymphocytic origin. PROCTER N. M.: Operating characteristics of the Dynaray 18 linear accelerator. Acta radiol. Oncology 22 (1983), 321. The operating system of a Dynaray 18 linear accelerator is described. Central axis depth dose data for the 10 MY roentgen ray beam are given and compared with published data. The alignment of the roentgen ray beam and the modifications required to obtain satisfactory uniformity and reliable dosimetry are described. The characteristics of the electron beams are also described, central axis depth dose data are given and the derived estimates of energy are discussed. WELSH A. D., DIXON-BROWN A. and STEDEFORD J. B. H.: Calculation of dose distributions for iridium-l92 implants. Acta radiol. Oncology 22 (1983), 331. After reviewing the method of HALLet colI. (1966) for calculating dose rates from '92Ir wire, small changes and improvements were made and a computer program was written to calculate dose distributions. It was found that the wire position data obtained from films and supplied to the program was the largest source of inaccuracy but that with care the maximum error in the calculated dose rates was 3 per cent. If the original cross-line curves are still used for calculations the additional error introduced into the dose rates at distances of up to 4 em from the wire is less than one per cent.


We study a multigrid finite element method for a viscoelastic fluid flow obeying an Oldroyd-B--type constitutive law. The multigrid method is a time-saving method in which the full nonlinear system is solved on a coarse grid, and subsequent approximations are generated on a succession of refined grids by solving a linearized problem. We show that the linearized problem has an approximate solution and present an error bound for a two-grid method. We also numerically demonstrate that the multigrid method is significantly more efficient than the standard one-grid finite element method.


The steel continuous casting planning and scheduling problem namely SCC is a particular hybrid (flexible) flowshop that includes stages: (i) the converters (CV), (ii) the refining stands (RS) and (iii) the continuous casting (CC) stages. In this paper we study the SCC with inter-sequence dependent setups and dedicated machines at the last stage. The batch sequences are assumed to be pre-determined for one of the CC devices with a non preemptive scheduling process. The aim is to schedule the batches for each CC machine including the times setup between two successive sequences. We model the problem as a MILP where the objective is to minimize the makespan Cmax that we formulate as the largest completion time taking account of the setup times for each CC. Then, we propose an adapted genetic algorithm that we call Regeneration GA (RGA) to solve the problem. We use a randomly generated instances of several sizes to test the model and for which we do not know an optimal solution. The method is able to solve the problems in an acceptable time for medium and large instances while a commercial solver was able to solve only small size instances.


Objective To study the relationship between Helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection and carcinogenesis of gastric carcinoma.Methods 30 cases of normal mucosa,30 intestinal metaplasia(IM),22 dysplasia(Dys) and 25 gastric adenocarcionma(GAC) were studied.Hp infection was detected by rapid urease test,the expressions of PCNA were detected by immunohistochemical techniques(SP).Results There was a positive correlation between the expressions of PCNA and the degree of gastric mucosa lesions(r=0.665, P 0.05).No significant difference was found among all groups in Hp infection rates( P 0.05).In IM and Dys groups,the expressions of PCNA in Hp(+) tissues were higher than those in Hp(-) tissues( P 0.05).Conclusion Hp infection may play a part in gastric carcinogenesis through effecting the gastric epithelial proliferation,and its action seems to express on the precancerous lesions.


ABSTRACT Net zero has become the new organizing principle of climate politics. Though the adoption of net zero targets has created optimism in the climate regime, there remain significant concerns that it is little more than a vague aspiration. Studies have focused on various net zero definitions, as well as the adoption and robustness of net zero goals. This paper builds on these works by conducting a systematic meta-review of scholarly research on net zero from 1991 to 2021. First, we find that the literature focuses on establishing pathways and creating policies, with much less research on target-setting and implementation. Second, most net zero scholarship focuses on the energy sector, including buildings, while hard to abate sectors are underexamined. Third, there is a disproportionate focus on creating policies for net zero buildings, which are relatively easy to measure and decarbonize compared to other sectors. Finally, there is a notable absence of work on the political factors that enable or constrain the implementation of net zero policies, as well as the efficacy of these policies. This indicates an urgent need for more research on the politics of net zero. Key policy insights Existing scholarly research focuses primarily on the science of net zero, setting goals and translating those goals to emissions pathways. Substantively, the majority of scholarship is focused on energy – including buildings, transportation and power generation. There is a need for more research on other, often hard-to-abate sectors such as industrial processes, manufacturing and construction, agriculture and waste. More scholarly research on net zero is also needed to evaluate existing policies, both to understand which ones contribute to decarbonization (and not simply emissions reductions), and under what conditions. There is an urgent need for greater understanding about the political conditions which promote or constrain the creation and implementation of net zero policies across sectors. Without filling these research gaps, policymakers may struggle to design and implement effective net zero policies.


Drought stress can be described as multidimensional stress factors affecting plants' growth, development, and productivity. In order to reduce the adverse impact of drought stress, a plethora of attempts have been employed. Among those attempts, nano-engineered particles have gained a remarkable attention. Of the relevant particles, calcium oxide (CaO) and graphene oxide (GO) have been well-documented to positively regulate and mediate the plant growth system through shifting physiological biochemical and molecular aspects of the plant. The solo impacts of the nanoparticles are well-known but their interactions were not assayed for Medicago sativa L. cultivars. For that reason, the present study investigates the impact of CaO NPs and GO on the response and regulation of the defensive mechanism in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) callus in drought stress-suffered cultivars.
The activation of CaO-GO can be induced with mannitol in the callus of alfalfa cultivars. Dry and fresh weight values were determined in callus samples. There were significant differences between cultivars and concentration. In terms of MDA, H2O2, proline content, it was observed that the Ca2+ NPs application was important, and it showed a strong link with the resistance degree of cultivars. Erzurum cultivar was observed for better proline content with 1.5 ppm GO. MDA activities demonstrated an increasing trend concerning concentrations of mannitol and nanoparticles. The MDA highest activity was observed with 1/2 ppm CaO+0.5/1.5 ppm GO (0.1849 mg/g FW) in the Erzurum. However, the Erzurum cultivar responded with better H2O2 content with 100 mM mannitol +0.5 ppm (0.1017 mg/g FW). This result has presented, under in vitro conditions, that the supplementation of CaO and GO can importantly reduce the negative impacts of drought stress on alfalfa callus; additionally, it has been seen that the dosages of nanoparticle and mannitol are also important.


W ediscussa num ericalm ethod to com putethe hom ogeneoussolutionsoftheTeukolsky equation which is the basic equation ofthe black hole perturbation m ethod. W e use the form alism developed by M ano,Suzukiand Takasugi,in which the hom ogeneous solutions of the radial Teukolsky equation are expressed in term s of two kinds of series of special functions,and the form ulas for the asym ptotic am plitudesare derived explicitly. A lthough the application of this m ethod was previously lim ited to the analyticalevaluation of the hom ogeneous solutions,we (cid:12)nd that it is also usefulfor num ericalcom putation. W e also (cid:12)nd that so-called "renorm alized angular m om entum param eter", (cid:23) ,can be found only in the lim ited region of ! foreach l;m ifwe assum e (cid:23) isreal(here, ! isthe angularfrequency, and l and m are degree and order ofthe spin-weighted spheroidalharm onics respectively). W ealso com pute the (cid:13)ux ofthe gravitationalwavesinduced by a com pactstarin a circular orbit on the equatorialplane around a rotating black hole. W e (cid:12)nd that the relative error ofthe energy (cid:13)ux is about 10 (cid:0) 14 which is m uch sm aller than the one obtained by usual num ericalintegration m ethods.


Activities of the Government are mostly influenced by the political party or combinations of political parties are in the Government. Variation in the nature of the political rule can lead to differential effectiveness in the pursuit of the anti-poverty programmes the variations in the political rule at the state level allow us to make a comparative analysis among the different political ideas or regime in the alleviation of poverty among the socially marginalized in rural India. In this paper an attempted has been made to access whether variations in the political regimes across the states do have a different impact on the poverty reduction among the different social groups viz SCs, STs and others and whether the rate of reduction over the time varies among the different social groups with varying political regimes. This analysis found that the political affiliation is a significant determinant of poverty and it has been found that the odds of poverty decline most in the Left-ruled states. Further, the performance of the left ruled states are impressive in terms of steady decline in odds among all the social groups and between all the social groups over the time compare to Right and Other ruled states.


Phosphor-free white light-emitting diodes consisting of InGaN/GaN green-yellow quantum dots and blue quantum wells have been grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Their color-rendering index Ra was calculated up to 62.


1998 ABSTRACT The synthesis and properties of novel RNA mimetics, oligoribonucleotide N3 ′→ P5 ′ phosphoramidates, are described. These oligonucleotides contain 3 ′ -aminoribo-nucleosides connected via N3 ′→ P5 ′ phosphoramidate linkages, replacing the native RNA O3 ′→ P5 ′ phosphodiester counterparts. The key monomers 2 ′ -t-butyl-dimethylsilyl-3 ′ -(monomethoxytrityl)-amino-5 ′ -phospho-ramidites were synthesized and used to prepare the oligonucleotide phosphoramidates using a solid phase methodology based on the phosphoramidite transfer reaction. Oligoribophosphoramidates are very resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis by snake venom phosphodiesterase. These compounds form stable duplexes with complementary natural phosphodiester DNA and RNA strands, as well as with 2 ′ -deoxy N3 ′→ P5 ′ phosphoramidates. The increase in melting temperature, D T m , was 5–14 (cid:1) C relative to the 2 ′ -deoxy phosphoramidates for decanucleotides. Also, the thermal stability of the ribophosphoramidate homoduplex was noticeably higher ( D T m +9.5 (cid:1) C) than that for the isosequential 2 ′ -deoxy phosphoramidate an extremely stable oligopurine/oligopyrimidine DNA duplex with D T m +14.3 (cid:1) C relative to the 2 ′ -deoxy N3 ′→ P5 ′ phosphoramidate counterpart. The properties of the oligoribonucleotide N3 ′→ P5 ′ phosphoramidates indicate that these compounds can be used as hydrolytically stable structural and functional RNA


In this paper,the microstructure and precipitation phase evolution of friction stir welding butt joint were investigated,for the Al- Li- Cu- Mg- based aluminum-lithium alloy 2060. The cross section of Friction stir welding butt joint could be divided into four distinctive regions: base metal zone,heat-affected zone,thermal mechanically affected zone and weld nugget zone. The microstructure of the base metal consisted of bidirectional slat,large numbers of triangular AlCu2Mn compound precipitated from α lath,which would disappear when subjected to heat action in other zones. The heat-affected zone showed coarse crystal particles,and grain morphology was changed under the action of mechanical force in the thermal mechanically affected zone,stretched at the advancing side and compressed at the retreating side. The weld nugget zone was equiaxed grain structure,the high temperature precipitated phase AlxCuxMn distributed throughout the joint region uniformly. The highest microhardness existed in the base metal zone,and the lowest value was located in the heat-affected zone,with the weld nugget zone steadying at 115 HV,a little lower than the base metal.


One kind of traffic incidents highway speed guidance system comprising a computer disposed at the inlet highways for receiving incident alert signal burst; zigbee node disposed around the highway; signal transceiver provided in the traveling vehicle unit, a signal processing unit, and the speech speed limiting device module of the present invention incidents speed highway traffic guidance system, a signal transmitted by a mobile incidents zigbee communication handset with the handheld wireless communication node, and an alarm signal the wireless communication pass computer, then the computer zigbee node, connecting a wireless communication signal transceiving unit on the vehicle speed and traffic guidance to reach a temporary road accidents to the rear of the vehicle, when an effective solution to the rear of the highway due to a sudden accident car avoid excessive speed, rear-end and other untimely accident caused a chain, increase traffic safety and high reliability.


This paper decomposes nominal exchange rate volatility into permanent and transitory components to study the impact of the short-run business cycle on the conditional volatility of daily exchange rates in South Africa over the period 1990 to 2001. It also examines exchange rate volatility spillovers across the South African currency markets. The results indicate that: (1) the short-run business cycle components have a significant impact on the daily exchange rates; (2) the permanent component of the exchange rate volatility is time-varying (persistent); (3) the permanent component dominates the transitory component as forecasting period is extended into the future; (4) there is evidence of reciprocal volatility spillovers among the exchange rate markets; (5) there is one common trend for the European currencies and a separate one for the U.S. dollar and the Japanese Yen; The results raise the issue of the presence of transitory components in exchange rate volatility and invites further research into the nature of their global volatility trends.


Example embodiments described herein includes a mechanism for packaging needs across processes or between processes to share data. These include salads, proteins, and pools. Generally, salads provide a minimum level of data definition for inter-process exchange, proteins provide mid-level structure and hooks for querying and filtering and pools provide for high levels of organization and access semantics. Salad include effective platform-independent data representation and access mechanisms. Use slaw protein provides encapsulation and transport scheme as data payload. Pool of in-process, process them locally, or remotely across a network between the distributed processes and provide a structured protein via longer-term (eg upper disk) storage and flexible aggregation, sorting, filtering and distribution.


The aim of this experiment was to study the optimal compound enzyme preparation containing β-glucanase,xylanase,cellulase and phytase added into broiler wheat meal diets.The in vitro digestion tests of broiler wheat meal diets added with different levels of β-glucanase(30,60,90,120,150 and 180 U/g),xylanase(200,400,600,800,1 000 and 1 200 U/g),cellulose(200,400,600,800,1 000 and1 200 U/g) and phytase(500,1 000,1 500,2 000,2 500 and 3 000 U/kg) were conducted by one factor complete randomized experiment design to determine the optimal supplemental levels.Then the combination effects of the above four enzymes added in broiler wheat meal diets were evaluated by L9(34) orthogonal design and the in vitro digestion tests,and the supplemental levels were set according to the optimal levels in the first test by β-glucanase(100,150 and 200 U/g),xylanase(900,950 and 1 000 U/g),cellulase(900,950 and 1 000 U/g) and phytase(1 500,2 000 and 2 500 U/kg).The optimal complex formula of the four enzymes were determined by reducing sugar content,phytate phosphorus degradation rate and the feed residue gross energy.The results showed as follows: when the supplemental levels of β-glucanase,xylanase,cellulase were 150,960 and 950 U/g,respectively,the maximum reducing sugar contents were 0.918,1.161 and0.927 mg/g,respectively; when the supplemental level of phytase was 2 010 U/kg,the maximum phytate phosphorus degradation rate was 92.35% in 1 to 3-week-old broiler wheat meal diets.When the supplemental levels of β-glucanase,xylanase,cellulase were 150,950,960 U/g,the maximum reducing sugar content were 0.920,1.160,0.929 mg/g,respectively; when the supplemental level of phytase was 1 940 U/kg,the maximum phytate phosphorus degradation rate was 92.23% in 4 to 6-week-old broiler wheat meal diets.When the compound enzyme preparation containing the above four enzymes was 150 U/g β-glucanase,950 U/g xylanase,900 U/g cellulase and 2 500 U/kg phytase in diets,the reducing sugar content,phytate phosphorus degradation rate and feed residue gross energy could all obtain better values.In summary,the optimal supplemental levels of β-glucanase,xylanase,cellulase and phytase are 150,960,950 U/g and 2 010 U/kg in 1 to3-week-old broiler wheat meal diets,respectively,and 150,950,960 U/g and 1 940 U/kg in 4 to 6-week-old broiler wheat meal diets,respectively.The optimal compound enzyme preparation containing the above four enzymes is 150 U/g β-glucanase,950 U/g xylanase,900 U/g cellulase and 2 500 U/kg phytase in diets.


This paper discusses a method to determine the operation route for unmanned aerial vehicles for maritime surveillance. It is well known that there are several methods to make an aircraft path planning for ground related missions. On the other hand, path planning for maritime purposes is unnoticeable. The major problem of path planning for maritime is the abundant number of nodes which can make the route becomes quite long. Hence, reducing the number of nodes is necessary to rectify this problem. The main method is to separate the surveillance area into a smaller area of operation using clustering methods and then analyze the vulnerable area using the database to create an optimum flight path in each operation area. Although this paper specifically addresses a maritime-related mission, the path planning procedures can be applied to other missions as well. In this research, the input is given from satellite recorded data. Natuna Sea is chosen as the main discussion as the Natuna Sea currently is one of the most vulnerable regions in Indonesia for illegal fishing activity. The result shows that the aircraft path able to cover most of the vulnerable areas while optimizing the route distance.


A high-accuracy steam valve controller which uses a dc motor and gear train to position a steam valve shaft is described. The system responds to an error signal derived from the difference between an input reference and an output feedback signal. The error signal is amplified to control two firing pulse generators. The firing pulse generator's drive a set of eight SCRs in a dual bridge configuration, providing bidirectional armature drive for a 1/6-hp 115-volt dc motor. The system could easily be modified to handle larger motors by using larger devices in the dual bridge power circuit.


Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) are planar structures connected to electronic circuitry, which can be employed to steer the electromagnetic signals in a controlled manner. Through this, the signal quality and the effective data rate can be substantially improved. While the benefits of RIS-assisted wireless communications have been investigated for various scenarios, some aspects of the network design, such as coverage, optimal placement of RIS, etc., often require complex optimization and numerical simulations, since the achievable effective rate is difficult to predict. This problem becomes even more difficult in the presence of phase estimation errors or location uncertainty, which can lead to substantial performance degradation if neglected. Considering randomly distributed receivers within a ring-shaped RIS-assisted wireless network, this paper mainly investigates the effective rate by taking into account the above-mentioned impairments. Furthermore, exact closed-form expressions for the effective rate are derived in terms of Meijer's G-function, which (i) reveals that the location and phase estimation uncertainty should be well considered in the deployment of RIS in wireless networks; and (ii) facilitates future network design and performance prediction.


Particle accelerators are among the most complex and versatile instruments of scientific exploration. They have enabled remarkable scientific discoveries and important technological advances that span all programs within the DOE Office of Science (DOE/SC). The importance of accelerators to the DOE/SC mission is evident from an examination of the DOE document, "Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook." Of the 28 facilities listed, 13 involve accelerators. In this talk I will discuss the tools and techniques of accelerator modeling from the historical perspective of my own career. First I will discuss several key developments relevant to 20th century accelerator simulation, including transfer map methods, Lie methods, and symplectic integration techniques. Next I will focus on 21st century accelerator modeling and the methods for large-scale accelerator simulation on parallel computers. Lastly I will describe the new generation of accelerator codes developed under SciDAC and future opportunities in the petascale era.


The nasolabial cyst is a non-odontogenic cyst with swelling of nasal alar region.We experienced a case of this cyst in a woman aged 55 who had been afflicted with this lesion for 3 previous days. Approximately 8 ml of cloudy and yellowish fluid was removed, and immediately replaced by 60% urografin ®. The roentgenograms revealed a well-defined oval cystic cavity situated in soft tissues of the face at the junction of the upper lip and lateral wall of nose.The extirpated cyst was as large as a prigeon egg.Microscopic examination revealed a cyst lined by a few layers of cuboidal epitherial cells. These cells appeared to be squamous but might be columnar cells containing goblet cells. Postoperative course was not eventful.


6072 Background: Effective screening tests for ovarian cancer (OC) are lacking; most cases present at advanced stage and portend poor prognosis. DNA methylation is an early event in carcinogenesis and can be detected in blood plasma samples from cancer patients. In DNA extracted from tissues, we first discovered, then validated discriminant methylated DNA marker (MDM) candidates for OC and subsequently tested independent plasma from women with and without OC. Methods: For discovery, DNA from 67 frozen tissues (18 high grade serous (HGS), 18 endometrioid, 15 clear cell (CC), 6 mucinous OCs; 10 benign fallopian tube epithelium (FT); and 19 buffy coats from cancer-free women underwent reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) to identify MDMs associated with OC. Candidate MDM selection was based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) discrimination, methylation fold change, and low background methylation among controls. Blinded biological validation was performed using methylated specific PCR on DNA extracted from independent FFPE tissues from OCs (36 HGS, 22 endometrioid, 21 CC, and 14 mucinous) and 29 FT. Top performing MDMs in tissue were tested using long-probe quantitative amplified signal assays in independent pre-treatment plasma samples from women newly-diagnosed with OC and population-sampled healthy women. A random forest modeling analysis was performed to generate predictive probability of disease; results were 500-fold in silico cross-validated. Results: After RRBS discovery and biological validation, 33 MDMs showed marked methylation fold changes (10 to > 1000) across all OC histologies vs FT. The top 11 MDMs ( GPRIN1, CDO1, SRC, SIM2, AGRN, FAIM2, CELF2, DSCR6, GYPC, CAPN2, BCAT1) were tested on plasma from 91 women with OC (76 (84%) HGS) and 91 without OC; the cross-validated 11-MDM panel highly discriminated OC from controls (96% (95%CI 89-99%) specificity; 79% (69-87%) sensitivity, and AUC 0.91 (0.86 - 0.96)). Among HGS, the panel correctly identified 83%, including 5/6 stage I/II, and the majority of other subtypes (Table). Conclusions: Whole methylome sequencing, stringent filtering criteria, and biological validation yielded outstanding candidate MDMs for OC that performed with promisingly high sensitivity and specificity in plasma. Larger plasma-based OC MDM testing studies, with larger numbers of non-HGS histologies are warranted. [Table: see text]


Parametric design is an emerging research issue in the design domain. However, discussions about the creative process in parametric design are limited. What is more, despite the passing of 57 years of parametric design's existence we still do not know what parametric design is. Is it a simple tool, which is useful in some kind of optimization of the architectural form, or it is a medium, which helps architects develop unexpected solutions, and perhaps this is already a new design paradigm? The presented paper will contain general considerations relating to the nature of parametric design, the history of which starts in 1960, when D.T. Ross has formulated the thesis that our main objective is to formulate constrains and all needed parameters of the solved problem.Please write your abstract here by clicking this paragraph.


When COVID-19 – a pandemic caused by a pathogen that sprouted from the very conditions through which our capitalist societies produce food and deal with nature – was announced as a reality in Rio de Janeiro on March 13th, our concerns were focused on growing police killings, lack of water in various working-class neighborhoods, and an increasing unemployment rate at a national level of 12.2% (around 12.9 million of people), this in a labor market where informal work comprises as much as 41% of all workers and where many of the unemployed are therefore not counted.


Background The primary pathologic mechanism of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is proliferation,migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of residuary lens epithelial cells (LECs) after cataract extract surgery.Researches showed that MG132,a proteasome inhibitor,can attenuate the proliferation of bovine LECs,but its effect on human LECs remains unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of MG132 on proliferation,migration and differentiation of human LECs in vitro.Methods Human lens capsule were collected during the surgery.Human LECs were primarily cultured by explant method and passaged.The second or third generation of cells were incubated to 96-well plates at the density of 5×105/ml (200 μl/well) for 24 hours.Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2,10 mg/L),MG132 (10 μmol/L) or MG132+FGF-2 was added into the culture medium for 24 hours separately,and regular cultured cells served as the control group.The proliferation value (absorbance,A490) of the cells was assayed by MTT colorimetric method.A bare area was made by a sterile cotton swab in the cell layer,and migrated cell number in the blank zone was counted to evaluate the migration ability of the cells after 24 hours.Transforming growth factor-32(TGF-β2),MG132 or MG132+TGF-β2 was added into the culture medium for 24 hours separately,and the expression of fibronectin (FN) in the cells was detected using immunochemistry.Results The proliferation values (A490) of the cells were 0.582±0.020,0.723±0.010,0.434± 0.011 and 0.465±0.008 in the control group,FGF-2 group,MG132 group and MG132 + FGF-2 group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the groups (F =110.482,P<0.01).The A value was significantly higher in the FGF-2 group and lower in the MG132 group and MG132+FGF-2 group than that of the control group (all at P< 0.05).The migrated cell number was 8.67 ± 1.08,11.58 ± 1.59,2.67 ± 0.09 and 2.75 ± 0.09 in the control group,FGF-2 group,MG132 group and MG132+FGF-2 group,respectively,with a significant difference among the groups (F=34.301,P<0.01),and more cells in the blank zone were seen in the FGF-2 group and less cells were in the MG132 group and MG132+FGF-2 group in comparison with the control group (all at P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the proliferative rate and migrating rate of the cells declined by 25.4% and 75.0% in the MG132 group as well as 20.1% and 68.3% in the MG132+FGF-2 group,but in the FGF-2 group,they increased by 24.2% and 33.6%.The expressing levels (A value) of FN in the LECs were 1.242±0.023,2.329±0.113,1.043 ±0.021 and 1.163±0.018 in the control group,TGF-β2 group,MG132 group and MG132 +TGF-β2 group,respectively,with a significant difference among the groups (F =113.752,P<0.01),a considerably increased expressing value was seen in the TGF-β2 group and decreased value was in the MG132 group and MG132+TGF-β2 group when compared with the control group (all at P<0.05).Conclusions MG132 can effectively inhibit the proliferation,migration and differentiation of human LECs in vitro.

Key words:
Proteasome inhibitor, MG132;  Fibroblast growth factor;  Lens epithelial cell;  Proliferation; Migration ;  Epithelial-mesenchymal transition


To promote the rational use of Inonotus obliquus (chaga) from Eastern Canada, a mushroom consumed in infusion as a health drink, the extraction of its constituents was investigated. The extraction was carried out with water or ethanol at room temperature or by heating as well as following exposure to ultrasound. The extracts of the four seasons obtained with the four extraction methods were compared for their contents in carbon, nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), potassium (K), betulin, betulinic acid, potassium, flavonoids, and polyphenols. The antiradical effect as well as the photoprotective effects of all extracts were also investigated. The results show that there is no difference between the quantities extracted from the extracts of the 4 seasons. The results show a significant difference between the mass of the extracts obtained with water and ethanol. Betulinic acid was found to be more abundant in the extracts obtained with water while betulin was more abundant in the extracts obtained with ethanol. The mushroom and the extracts had high C contents, but low N and S contents, typical of protein-poor and carbohydrate-rich materials. Extracts were particularly rich in potassium, five times more than bananas. Heating favors the extraction of polyphenols and flavonoids. The aqueous extracts of chaga harvested in winter had the highest antiradical capacity. With a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) higher than 30 in the UVB wavelength, chaga extracts might be used as sunscreen. Extracts obtained with water had the highest SPF in general. The analysis of this mushroom further highlights this local product that deserves more attention for its potential benefits as a functional food/nutraceutical product. In addition to its nutritional values, this mushroom can also be used for its cosmetic qualities as it can be used as a sunscreen.


Simple Summary Thalassemia is a hereditary anemia characterized by defect in hemoglobin synthesis. Patients with severe forms of the disease require regular blood transfusions, as well as iron chelation. Available chelators have demonstrated long-term efficacy and safety, but present various limitations. A new deferasirox film-coated tablet (DFX FCT) was designed to offer a more convenient mode of administration and better tolerability. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of DFX FCT in thalassemic pediatric patients. DFX FCT proved safe for older patients, but demonstrated increased frequency of adverse events in younger patients, resulting in drug discontinuation. As for efficacy, DFX FCT succeeded in maintaining a stable iron load, though it required use of relatively high doses. Abstract Thalassemic syndromes are characterized by clinical heterogenicity. For severe disease forms, lifelong blood transfusions remain the mainstay of therapy, while iron overload monitoring and adequate chelation treatment are required in order to ensure effective disease management. Compared to previous chelators, the new deferasirox film-coated tablet (DFX FCT) is considered to offer a more convenient and well-tolerated treatment scheme, aiming at better treatment-related and patient-related outcomes. The present study's objective was to prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of DFX FCT in children and adolescents with transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Data collected included patient demographics, hematology and biochemistry laboratory work up, magnetic resonance imaging of heart and liver for iron load, as well as ophthalmological and audiological examination prior to and a year following drug administration. Study results confirmed DFX FCT safety in older children in a manner similar to adults, but demonstrated increased frequency of adverse events in younger patients, mainly, involving liver function. With regards to efficacy, study results confirmed the preventive role of DFX FCT in iron loading of liver and heart, however, higher doses than generally recommended were required in order to ensure adequate chelation.


Jerusalem artichoke is used to study the content changes of the moisture,soluble sugar,reducing sugar and inulin in the room temperature(20℃) and low temperature(4℃) storage conditions.The results show that the contents of the moisture,soluble sugar,reducing sugar and inuhn all fall down after the storage period at 20℃and 4℃.But in 4℃condition,each ingredient drops small scale,so that low temperature storage can effectively keep Jerusalem artichoke quality.


A series of diorganotin (IV) derivatives of R2SRL2 (R = Me, Et, n-Bu, ph or CI; L = Ll or L2) and their corresponding mixed-ligand complexes RESn (L1)(L2) have been prepared and the structure of trans-MeESn (L2)2 was characterized by FT-IR, ^1H, ^13C and ^ll9Sn NMR spectroscopies,MS, elemental analysis, melting points and X-ray diffIaction. The structure-activity relationships were discussed.


In the wake of transition from elitist to mass education, universities are under pressure to enhance relevance and excellence in provision of education. University education in many African countries has failed to tailor its content and pedagogy to the social economic and cultural realities of its people and incapable of providing solutions to local problems. Instead universities continue to uphold an education system that is certified on teaching rather than learning. Consequently, universities are producing people who consistently look to the west for models of development and are hence incapable of producing knowledge that matches their own social and physical environment. Education has been identified as the vehicle for individual development and country's general productivity. The curriculum offered in higher education institutions should have both theoretical and practical aspects that ensure transfer of learning by graduates. Training attachment programmes in various faculties have been put in place to link higher education to society with the aim of strengthening development of skills related to addressing issues affecting society. Today, these attachment programmes have their own issues which include; inappropriate student placement, short period of attachment, limited finances to monitor, issues that personally affect students, and poor monitoring and management of the attachment programmes. All these issues limit the effectiveness of the attachment programmes. To make up for the gap in training programmes, Service and Community-Based Learning strategy can be incorporated into university education This strategy, models the idea that giving back to the community is an important university outcome, and that working with community partners is good preparation for citizenship, work, and life. This paper discusses the concept of service and community learning, theoretical base for service and community-based learning, benefits of service learning and how it can be incorporated into higher education curriculum with cases from African universities.


The scientific metaphor has essential features of intentionality,contexualization,and dynamics,these features are presented respectively in the construction,intepretation and development of scientific theory.


Worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) suffers from inter-carrier interference (ICI) since it adopts orthogonal frequency division multiplexing in physical layer. This study applies a repetition coding scheme, which encodes the same data on a subcarrier pair, to the hierarchical modulation to suppress the ICI and thus the inter-layer interference. Consequently, the proposed method mitigates the effects of fading and interference and provides a finer granularity of modulation order for link adaptation. Besides, the repetition coding scheme is also applied to a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol to recover error packets because of poor channel conditions. The proposed method incorporates the ICI cancellation into the conventional incremental redundancy HARQ and automatically activates the cancellation of ICI without Doppler shift/mobility estimation. Simulations show that the proposed algorithms outperform the conventional schemes in time-varying Rayleigh fading channels, especially in high-mobility environments.


Abstract : This report identifies and describes resource materials (maps and imagery) currently available for environmental impact analysis on U.S. Army military installations. Only materials that relate to the biophysical and land use elements of the environment are considered. The report describes procedures for obtaining these materials and lists specific materials relevant to major U.S. Army military installations. This report also provides some tables, formulas, and procedures for quantitatively analyzing these graphical representations of environmental information. (Author)


We measure a saturation of the internal quantum efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors based on a Mo0.75Ge0.25 alloy with peak system detection efficiency of 30%.


It has been shown that sub-diffraction structures can be resolved in acoustic resolution photoacoustic imaging thanks to norm-based iterative reconstruction algorithms exploiting prior knowledge of the point spread function (PSF) of the imaging system. Here, we demonstrate that super-resolution is still achievable when the receiving ultrasonic probe has much fewer elements than used conventionally (8 against 128). To this end, a proof-of-concept experiment was conducted. A microfluidic circuit containing five parallel microchannels (channel's width 40μm, center-to center distance 180μm) filled with dye was exposed to 5ns laser pulses (=532nm, fluence=3.0mJ/cm2, PRF=100Hz). Photoacoustic signals generated by the sample were captured by a linear ultrasonic array (128 elements, pitch=0.1mm, fc=15MHz) connected to an acquisition device. The forward problem is modelled in a matrix form Y=AX, where Y are the measured photoacoustic signals and X is the object to reconstruct. The matrix A contained the PSFs at all points of the reconstruction grid, and was derived from a single PSF acquired experimentally for a 10-μm wide microchannel. For the reconstruction, we used a sparsity-based minimization algorithm. While the conventional image obtained by beamforming the signals measured with all the 128 elements of the probe cannot resolve the individual microchannels, our sparsity-based reconstruction leads to super-resolved images with only 8 elements of the probe (regularly spaced over the full probe aperture), with an image quality comparable to that obtained with all the 128 elements. These results pave the way towards super-resolution in 3D photoacoustic imaging with sparse transducers arrays.


From measurements of the distances between setules (mesh size) on the maxilla of Acartia clausi, a spectrum of filtration efficiencies for small particles has been established. The slope of the spectrum decreases from young stages (copepodite I) to adults. The average size of particle that can be collected increases slightly from 3 µ in CI to 7 µ in adult stages, whereas the size for which the efficiency is 100% increases sharply from 5 µ to 12 µ.

Two experiments were done to show the reality of the spectrum of filtration efficiency. A model of growth of particles and grazing by copepods, using the initial experimental conditions and the efficiency spectrum, was used to simulate the evolution of particles in the two experiments. The fit of the model to the experimental data is good for experiment I (dark) and the first 4 days of experiment II (natural daylight). The results of experiment II show that processes other than grazing become important in a long term experiment.


Absolute cross sections for emission of Lyman ..cap alpha.. radiation have been determined for low-energy H and H/sup +/ impact on N/sub 2/ and O/sub 2/ targets. Data were obtained for projectile energies between about 0.04 and 2.5 keV. Using previously measured cross sections for Balmer ..cap alpha.. and Balmer ..beta.. emission, we were able to evaluate the cascade contributions to the measured Lyman ..cap alpha.. signals and to deduce the cross sections for both direct 2p state excitation and total Lyman ..cap alpha.. emission. The data are compared with other results for projectile energies below 10 keV, and the problems associated with the application of such cross-section data to proton auroral analyses are discussed. copyright American Geophysical Union 1988


A system is provided for a sanitary product having a cover layer, an intake / distribution layer, and an absorbent core, wherein at least the cover layer and the intake / distribution layer are co-perforated. By combining these improvements with an integrated absorption system, variable flow management can be successfully achieved and a good balance between intake and cover removal properties. The result is improved multi-intake performance and a clean and dry cover surface during use.


A comparative examination of mainstream economic doctrines and their recent developments is undertaken with a view to find out how ethics has been treated in these. The principal focus here is to identify the new paradigm that can treat ethics endogenously in preference formation, the market and the economic order. The quest for this paradigm leads us to an examination of Islamic economics. Islamic economics is presented in terms of its epistemological roots. Thereby, a general systems view of interactions, integration and creative evolution among economic and social possibilities is shown to lead to the paradigm of Islamic political economy. Some Islamic financial and economic instruments are examined to bring out the pervasive causality of the principle of universal complementarity across diversity in a general systems perspective of Islamic political economy as premised on its epistemological roots.


As a leading candidate for further memory and computing applications, memristors are being developed in an important direction of transient electronics. Herein, wafer‐scale acidic polysaccharide thin films are reported as promising materials for memristors with remarkable transient characteristics. The memristor shows freestanding and lightweight features, and can be fully dissolved in deionized water within 3.5 s. More importantly, the ion‐confinement capability of acidic polysaccharides where the cations can interact with the ionizable acid groups enables atomic manipulation of conductive filament. As a result, (i) a single device can produce 16 highly controllable and independent quantized conductance (QC) states with quasi‐nonvolatile and nonvolatile characteristics and (ii) QC switching can be performed with ultrafast speed (2–5 ns) and low energy consumption (0.6–16 pJ). These remarkable features make the memristor promising for fast, low‐power, and high‐density memory and computing applications. Based on QC switching, the encoding/decoding and nonvolatile basic Boolean logic are designed and implemented. More importantly, "stateful" material implication logic which is promising for future in‐memory computing is demonstrated with QC switching. These results significantly advance acidic polysaccharides to develop nanodevices with quantum effects.


Water contamination is a phenomenon of global concern resulting from human activities. Coliform bacteria reduce water quality and negatively affect public health. The pollution of surface and groundwater by coliform bacteria, including Escherichia coli, originate, in general, from point sources of pollution derived from human settlements, such as those located in Module I-1, Irrigation District 035, La Antigua, Veracruz, Mexico. The objective of this study was to assess the level of contamination of surface and groundwater by coliform bacteria and E. coli, as well as to identify point sources of water contamination by these bacteria in the sugarcane agroecosystem of Irrigation Module I-1, La Antigua. Sampling sites included deep wells, irrigation canals and natural streams near point sources of pollution. The determination of total coliform bacteria and E. coli were made in accordance with Mexican Standard NMX-AA-042-1987. Total coliform results revealed differences between groundwater (198.6 MPN/100 mL) and surface water concentrations (52,419.2 MPN/100 mL) (p < 0.05), and between irrigation water (76,501.1 MPN/100 mL) and concentrations in natural streams (28,337.3 MPN/100 mL). The highest concentration of E. coli was found in groundwater and surface water samples from the municipality of La Antigua. The primary sources of contamination are the discharges from drains and septic tanks. Total coliform values exceeded permissible limits established by NOM-127-SSA1-1994 that regulates the permissible water quality limits for human use and consumption. The presence of E. coli represents a significant public health risk.


The main purpose of this research was to examine not only the most demanding passages (MDP) of elite futsal matches through different external load variables: total distance covered (TD), distance covered at high-speed running (HSR), metres covered above 0.02 Player Load (PL), number of high-intensity accelerations (ACC) and decelerations (DEC); but also to analyse whether they may be repeated in the course of a single match for a single player. Data from one professional futsal player were collected using a local positioning system from a total of twelve official matches of the 1st Division of the Liga Nacional de Futbol Sala (LNFS) during 2018-2019. The rolling average method was used for all variables, using a one-minute time window. Data were re-analysed to identify the very high demanding passages (VHDPs; >90% of the mean of the three top MDP of all matches) and the high demanding passages (HDPs; 80%-90% of the mean of the three top MDP of all matches). The results showed that the VHDPs and HDPs in a single match did not present as an isolated situation. TD and ACC were the two most demanding variables in terms of repetition of HDPs and VHDPs.


Calcaneal apophysitis is a common cause of heel pain in children and is also known as Sever ́s disease.1,2 Rarely causes important disability and is transient in most of the times, but it can interfere with walking and physical performance in sports, causing concern to the patient and parents.1 It is the most common cause of heel pain in the physically active growing children–8-25 years-old–and is considered a benign, self-limiting condition of childhood and adolescence.2–4 Boys constitute two-thirds of the patients and the sport that tends to dominate is soccer.5 Sever ́s disease is a chronic (repetitive) injury to the actively remodeling trabecular metaphysical bone that results in a variably sized stress injury with concomitant trabecular micro failure, hemorrhage, and edema, which is evident on MRI.4


Conization is defined as excision of a cone-shaped or cylindrical wedge from the cervix uteri that includes the transformation zone and all or a portion of the endocervical canal. It is used for the definitive diagnosis of squamous or glandular intraepithelial lesions, for excluding microinvasive carcinomas, and for conservative treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Techniques for diagnostic and therapeutic conization are virtually identical. The extent of excision must be adjusted according to individual needs. Conization can be performed with a scalpel (cold-knife conization), laser, or electrosurgical loop. The latter is called the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) or large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). Combined conization usually refers to a procedure started with a laser and completed with a cold-knife technique. Laser conization can be excisional or destructive (by vaporization). Each of these approaches has distinct benefits and disadvantages. Cold-knife conization provides the cleanest specimen margins for further histologic study, but it is typically associated with more bleeding than laser or LEEP, and it requires general anesthesia in most cases. Laser procedures are of longer duration and, especially if low-power density is used, may "burn" the margins, thus interfering with histological diagnosis. The main advantage with this procedure is that dots produced by the laser energy can be used to accurately outline the exocervical margins. However, overall, the benefit of using laser for conization may not justify the high cost of the procedure. LEEP procedures have several advantages, including rapidity, preservation of the margins for histological evaluation, and virtual bloodlessness. Moreover, one can perform LEEP procedures in the office or in other outpatient settings.


Logicians have long distinguished two modes of human reasoning, under the respective names of deductive and inductive reasoning. In deductive reasoning we attempt to argue from a hypothesis to its necessary consequences, which may be verifiable by observation; that is, to argue from the general to the particular. In inductive reasoning we attempt to argue from the particular, which is typically a body of observational material, to the general, which is typically a theory applicable to future experience. In statistical language we are attempting to argue from the sample to the population, from which it was drawn. Since recent statistical work has shown that this type of argument can be carried out with exactitude in a usefully large class of cases(2, 3), by means of conceptions somewhat different from those of the classical theory of probability, it may be useful briefly to restate the logical and mathematical distinctions which have to be drawn.


Objective To explore the causes of elderly refractory heart failure and treatment.Methods The data of elderly patients with refractory heart failure of 30 cases of men,18 cases,women in 12 cases,mean age 67.5 years old.In use digitalis,diuretics,on the basis of vasodilators combined with ACEI,beta blockers treatment.Results the heart function Ⅲ level group,powerfully in 10(30.0%),effective 7 cases(23.0%),invalid 0 cases(0%).Heart function Ⅳ level group,6 cases(20.0%),effective in 5 patients(16.6%),and 2 cases(6.6%).Conclusion in the treatment of heart failure,elderly intractable from old people of the physiology,pathology,the side effects of drugs,and other comprehensive consider making a treatment plan.


We propose an alternative method for binaural synthesis using the ratio of the HRTFs at the two ears, the interaural transfer function (ITF), for deriving the response at the contralateral ear from the ipsilateral one. This technique allows an optimal binaural synthesis if an accurate ITF model is used but a computationally more efficient binaural synthesis can also be obtained by simplifying the ITF filter used for the contralateral channel processing, which is perceptually less critical than the ipsilateral response. Different filter designs and filter orders are investigated for both speech and wide-band signals. Subjective tests are carried out to investigate the perceptual differences introduced by this ITF model. The results indicate that an ITF filter can be of considerably lower complexity when compared to the ipsilateral filter, thus allowing for computational savings without significant perceptual degradation.


This article describes and characterizes the oil markets and liquid by-products in Chile from the viewpoint of industrial organization. With that objective in mind, first a systematic description is provided of each of the markets comprising this industry, taking into account the vertical structure of the industry by which this basic natural input reaches the end user: exploration, crude production, crude imports, refining, storage, transportation and wholesale and retail distribution. Then an analysis is made of the industrial organization that identifies possible antitrust behavior in the industry based on the levels of concentration and the degrees of vertical integration and competition. Finally, public policy recommendations are made regarding aspects that require corrective measures or perfecting to guarantee competition. The authors suggest a framework law that should protect competition in the industry and freedom of entry to market segments that can function competitively, under appropriate oversight by the antitrust authorities and minimum sectorial regulation.


Background Biologicals therapies have been used for the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) but only Belimumab has been approved by the European Medicines Agency. Abatacept (ABA), a T-cell co-stimulation blocker, has been proposed as an effective treatment for SLE due to its mechanism of action. Three randomised clinical trials have been performed with ABA in patients with SLE. Although any of these trials met the primary outcome of efficacy, it is still considered as an "off-label" option when none of the other conventional therapies have worked. Objectives To assess effectiveness and safety of ABA in patients diagnosed of SLE in a Rheumatology service from a tertiary care hospital in Madrid, Spain. Methods We performed an observational retrospective study in patients with SLE (according to the 1997 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria) who received treatment with ABA. We recorded demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters at the beginning of treatment, and after 6 and 12 months of treatment. We also recorded adverse events. Results We included 8 patients, all of them women. The median age was 45.13 years (range 30–67 years) and the median time from SLE diagnosis to ABA treatment was 12.12 years (range 3–21 years). Three patients had an overlap disease with Rheumatoid Arthritis. The most frequent symptoms were arthritis (n=5), cutaneous (n=3) and neurological symptoms (n=5), specifically organic brain syndrome (n=4) and lupus headache (n=3). None of the patients had renal disease. In all patients ABA was use after anti-TNFα or Rituximab treatment. One patient discontinued ABA after 2 months due to inefficacy, so she was excluded from statistical analysis. Table 1 shows clinical and laboratory parameters at the beginning of treatment and after 6 and 12 months of treatment. After 6 months of treatment, disease activity according to SLEDAI decreased. One patient persisted with organic cerebral syndrome. After 12 months of treatment neurological symptoms showed a substantial improvement in every patient that presented them at the beginning. Four patients showed significant improvement of arthritis. Two patients experienced serious infections that required hospitalization.Table 1. Clinical and laboratory parameters 0 months (n=7) 6 months (n=7) 12 months (n=7) SLEDAI (median) 13.71 3.71* 1.43* Prednisone dose (mg/ day) (median) 6.78 5.71 3.57 Anti-DNA antibody levels (UI/ml) (median) 80.61 22.77* 20.21 C3 (mg/dl) (median) 95.94 94.13 98.94 C4 (mg/dl) (median) 11.63 15.13* 14.88 *Wilcoxon's Signed Rank Test, *p<0.05. Baseline vs 6 months after treatment and baseline vs 12 months after treatment. Conclusions ABA was effective in our SLE patients. Clinical response was evident at 6 months and persisted at 12 months. ABA may be a therapeutic option in SLE patients with inadequate response to conventional therapies, specially if arthritis or neurological symptoms are present. References Aringer M. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2015;14:243–51. Ikeda K. Clin Dev Immunol. 2013;2013:697525. Disclosure of Interest None declared


The oil palm species, Elaeis oleifera although it produces lower oil yield than its African counterpart Elaeis guineensis, does possess certain unique traits that are of interest to breeders. E. oleifera has slower annual height increment, higher level of carotenoids and unsaturated fatty acids. A number of interspecific hybrid crossing programmes have been initiated to introgress the unique characteristics of E. oleifera into high yielding planting materials. As such, an appropriate backcross interspecific hybrid population (BC2) could be used to develop genetic maps and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to traits of interest, which will be potentially helpful in reducing the number of breeding cycles. The objective of this study was to determine the heritability of SSR and SNP loci in oil palm. Seventy-five palms from a BC2 population were selected as the mapping population. A total of 4966 (4451 SNP and 515 SSR) markers were screened and 2135 (43%) were polymorphic and mostly contributed by the female parent. The level of polymorphism exhibited by the BC2 population was similar for both marker systems. Genotyping results revealed a sufficient number of co-dominant polymorphic markers that are important in genetic mapping studies. Chi-square test showed that 87.6% of the markers were in accordance to the expected Mendelian segregation ratios. The results indicated that they are stably inherited and suitable for genetic mapping studies and also have proven to be useful as fingerprinting tools to assess the genetic purity in controlled crosses.


Silicon is a beneficial element as it can significantly improve the growth, yield and quality of fruit crops through silicon-enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Mechanisms involved in alleviation of abiotic and biotic stresses are stimulation of antioxidant system in plants, complexation or co-precipitation of toxic metal ions with Si, immobilization of toxic metal ions, exclude uptake of toxic metal ions and vacuolar compartmentation of metal ions. The ignorance of plant physiologists is because of the visible symptoms of either Si deficiency or toxicity are not apparent and because of the abundance of the element in nature. Whereas, repeated cropping and the constant application of chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium have depleted the amount of Si that is available to plants in the soil. Awareness of Si deficiency in soil is now being recognized as a limiting factor for crop production and application of silicon fertilizer is practised worldwide, however there is limited case study regarding use of silicon fertilizer in our country despite its many advantages.


We present the case of a 43-year old patient with inguinal lymphadenopathy 22 years after distal femoral resection for osteosarcoma with cemented distal femoral replacement reconstruction. Seven years after initial distal femoral resection patient underwent metal on metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty on the affected side. Twenty years after distal femoral replacement and 13 years after metal on metal hip resurfacing procedure, the patient underwent left inguinal lymphadenectomy for an enlarged mass of inguinal lymph nodes on suspicion for a sarcoma recurrence. On microscopic examination, excised lymph nodes were massively infiltrated with macrophages and multinucleated giant cells with focal asteroid bodies. An examination in polarized light revealed numerous metal particles; immunohistochemical stainings confirmed reactive character of changes, and florid metal-related sinus histiocytosis was finally diagnosed. Microscopic assessment of lymph nodes in the course of malignancy is a standard procedure; we present a rare case of non-neoplastic lymph node enlargement due to the late onset of metallosis, which might be a diagnostic challenge.


The PolFEL free electron laser, currently under construction at the National Centre for Nuclear Research in Poland, will generate a beam of coherent electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral range with a wavelength of about 150 nm to 300 nm, in the form of several hundred fs pulses, energy up to 50 μJ, and repetition rate of 50 kHz. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation beam in the wavelength range from 50 nm to 100 nm will be obtained by selecting the third harmonic using an absorption filter. The optical system of the UV/VUV beamline consists of two plane M1 and M2 mirrors and one focusing ellipsoidal M3 mirror. The radiation produced in the laser hits on the M1 mirror at a grazing incidence angle of 5°. After reflection from the M1 mirror, the beam falls on the M2 mirror at an angle of 17°, which directs the beam to the ellipsoidal M3 mirror, focusing the beam at the image plane at the second focal point of the ellipsoid. The M1 mirror is placed behind the 3 m-thick concrete wall in a hutch separated from the experimental hall by a 1.6 m-thick concrete wall. The optical properties of the beamline were tested by ray-tracing simulations using the RAY-UI software, the results of which are presented in the paper.


The global objective of this study is to propose solutions for improving the quality of online search services. We consider the special case where the processing of requests submitted to such services consists of: the querying of several types of sub-services followed by the composition of the output produced the sub-services. This could be the case for instance of a booking service that proposes travel packs including: hotel reservation, car rental and flight booking. We propose to improve the quality of such services with the multi-selection problem. The goal in this problem is to select the subset of sub-services of each type to use in the the processing of search request. The selection must ensure that we maximize the quality of the results we could expect from the search. The multi-selection problem is close to the service selection problem. However, while in the latter, we are interested in a unique sub-service per type, in the former, we want to choose a subset of sub-services. Our paper introduces a theoretical formulation of the problem and demonstrates its NP-hardness. We also propose two approaches for the resolution. The first approach is based on Integer Linear Programming. The second approach combines parallel algorithm portfolio and sampling techniques. Finally, we make a comparative evaluation of the approaches based on practical scenarios.


Recently, abnormal weather conditions, such as extreme high temperatures and droughts, have increased in frequency due to climate change, there has accordingly been growing concern regarding the detrimental effects on field crop, including soybean. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effects of increased temperatures on soybean growth and yield using a temperature gradient chamber (TGC). Two major types of soybean cultivar, a mediumseed cultivar such as Daepung-2 and a large-seed cultivar such as Daechan, were used and four temperature treatments, aT+1°C (ambient temperature+ 1°C), aT+2°C (ambient temperature+2°C), aT+3°C (ambient temperature+3°C) and aT+4°C (ambient temperature+4°C) were established to examine the growth response and seed yield of each cultivar. Seed yield showed a higher correlation with seed weight (r=0.713***) and an increase in temperature affected seed yield by reducing the single seed weight. In particular, the seed growth rate of the large-seed cultivar (Daechan) increased at high temperature, resulting in a reduction in the number of days for full maturity. Our results accordingly indicate that large-seed cultivar, such as Daechan, is potentially vulnerable to high temperature stress. The results of this study can be used as basic data in the development of cultivation technology to reduce the damage caused by elevated temperatures. Also, further research is required to evaluate the response of each process contributing to seed yield production under high temperatures.


The quality of financial reporting produced by the company are expected to meet the quality characteristics to Achieve the objective of the conceptual framework of financial reporting. Good implementation of adequate corporate governance in a company is one of the factors that Determine the quality of financial reporting. Similarly, the internal implementation of audit firm certainly factors Affect the quality of financial reporting. Quality financial reporting will certainly get a market response that can be seen from the level of the stock return. The paper examines two independent variables items, namely Good Corporate Governance and Internal Audit and its influence on the quality of financial reporting and its implications to Return Shares. In the design of this study will be performed on companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange with multiple linear regression method.


This study attempts to identify some of the firm specific factors that might have an impact on lessor financial performance after the application of EAS 49 and the Financial Leasing and Factoring Act (Law 176 of 2018). Numerical data were collected for five years during 2016-2020 from financial reports obtained from the Egyptian Financial Regulatory Authority (FRA).   Study sample comprised 43 observations. The dependent variable is the firm financial performance signified by total debt/total equity, earnings per share EPS, return on equity ROE, asset turn over, return on capital employed ROCE, current ratio, return on assets ROA, and total debt/total assets. The independent variables are sales, financial liabilities, EBIT/operating profit or loss, and financial leased fixed assets. The study used pooled model, fixed effect model, and random effect model. Results indicate the sales, financial liabilities, EBIT/operating profit or loss, and financial leased fixed assets have an effect on lessor financial performance after the application of both IFRS 16 equivalent of EAS 49 and the Egyptian Financial Leasing and Factoring Act (Law 176 of 2018). The data is accurate and complete. The length of the study period makes it possible to track progress of lessor firms. This study tries to identify the impact of some firm specific factors on lessor financial performance after application of EAS 49 and Financial Leasing and Factoring Act (Law 176 of 2018). Thus, this study is a modest contribution to better decision making of investors, creditors, lessors, and lessees.


Analysis of the embryo and foetus as, 'gothic'. This label is used to describe the characteristics of the embryo/foetus as an as yet unformed human being. Thus, it has also been regarded as, according to observers writing in the fields of sociology and cultural studies, monstrous, abhuman, and liminal. The embryo/foetus is also 'gothic', as it is by its very nature in the process of transforming. Thus, it is also seen as metamorphic, undifferentiated, fragmented, and permeable. As a result of this, Ford argues, the law has been able to reject and cast out this abnormal Other and permit abortion and embryo research and, in regard to neonates, the separation of the conjoined twins.


Abstract As interest groups participate in public policy, so demands arise for the regulation of their input. These vary between purposeful laissez-faire, and accreditation in return for norm observance, with attempts to find points between these often focusing on supervised and/or incentivised self-regulation. We classify the EU system as 'de-facto' accreditation, based around generalised and ill-defined notions, and on preferences for the simplification of consultative life and to screen out outsider groups with a narrow membership basis that don't follow the 'rules of the game'. The operationalisation of 'representativity' criteria carries with it the danger of privileging certain categories of groups over other types of groups. A wider legitimacy basis is suggested by a limited comparative literature, a sharpening of the concept of accountability and types of interest groups.


GO/CuO-NRs composite had been successfully synthesized by electrostatic interactions method.PPy/GO/CuO-NRs was prepared by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization of pyyrole on the surface of GO/CuO-NRs.The composites were characterized by means of XRD,TEM,SEM and FT-IR.Show that PPy/GO/CuO-NRs composite was prepared.PPy/GO/CuO-NRs composites electrode catalyst glucose were also investigated.The results showed that the composites have good catalytic performance on glucose.


Owing to enormous information of the image,and because of the memory and transmission of the picture,condensation of image signal is demanded.The purpose of condensation is to use as few as codes to denote and construct the original image.The means of coding compression is as follows:sample frequency coding reduction,different predictive coding,linearity transform coding,discrete cosine transform.


One of the most important concerns in parallel computing is the proper distribution of workload across processors. For most scientific applications on massively parallel machines, the best approach to this distribution is to employ data parallelism ; that is, to break the datastructures supporting a computation into pieces and then to assign those pieces to different processors. Collectively, these partitioning and assignment tasks comprise the domain mapping problem. Extensive practical experience has shown that in order to achieve high performance, a domain mapping must be found in which each processor has about the same workload and in which the overhead due to interprocessor communication is kept small. Unfortunately, discovering such a mapping can be difficult, particularly for the large, unstructured domains typical of modern scientific/engineering calculations.


We propose a simple interferometer-type-device that permits to produce a variable length (1 - 15 ns) rectangular laser pulses, starting from a long (approximately 10 - 50 ns) conventional pulse that is emitted by Q-switched Nd3+-doped laser. The system uses an one time switched electro-optical pulse division at the input laser pulse and cutting all-optically a rectangular part of one of the formed partial pulses by appropriate bleaching of interferometer (Fabry-Perot, Fizeau) which gap is an Cr4+:YAG plate. The precisely controlled bleaching is produced in reliable manner using the second partial pulses and an optical delay line. The length of the obtained rectangular pulse can be precisely varied between 1 and 15 ns. The technique proposed can be applied also for the other lasers.


Testing predictions of semi-analytic models of galaxy evolution against observations help to understand the complex processes that shape galaxies. We compare predictions from the Garching and Durham models implemented on the Millennium Run with observations of galaxy-galaxy lensing (GGL) and galaxy-galaxy-galaxy lensing (G3L) for various galaxy samples with stellar masses in the range 0.5 < (M_* / 10^10 M_Sun) < 32 and photometric redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.6 in the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS). We find that the predicted GGL and G3L signals are in qualitative agreement with CFHTLenS data. Quantitatively, the models succeed in reproducing the observed signals in the highest stellar mass bin (16 < ( M_* / 10^10 M_Sun) < 32) but show different degrees of tension for the other stellar mass samples. The Durham models are strongly excluded at the 95% confidence level by the observations as they largely over-predict the amplitudes of the GGL and G3L signals, probably because they predict too many satellite galaxies in massive halos.


The emergence of the Fifth Generation has been fueled by the advent of mobile Internet and Internet of Things (IoT) (5G) and Beyond Fifth Generation (B5G) wireless communications to face several challenges.The performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Based Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDM-NOMA), This study investigates a highly regarded developing technology for next-generation wireless communication.The performance of NOMA systems in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction for fading channels is discussed in this research. In this application, transmission signals are generated randomly from QAM and NOMA systems, and BER expressions are computed to determine the optimal power allocation, helping to achieve fairness and minimize average BER. The Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) method partitions the signal into sub channels, providing the ability to reduce PAPR via each sub channel. The device can be used in many applications, such as mobile communication applications with constrained transmission power. BER and PAPR simulations provide useful insight into the benefits of optimal. power allocation, which reveal the full capabilities of NOMA systems in downlink communication


This article analyzes the issues of settling nomads in the period of strengthening the colonial policy of tsarism at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Different points of view on the problem of sedentarization of nomadic and semi-nomadic farms are considered in a diversified manner. The analysis and evaluation of the works of various authors, who, in turn, were at that time, officials and civil servants of the Russian Empire. In the article, the author conducts a historical analysis of the opinions and views of researchers and officials on the policy of the sedentarization of the Kazakh traditional economy. Since the second half of the 19th century, in the process of administrative reform of the Steppe, colonization has been intensified, which affects the Kazakhs economy, as an active resettlement policy takes place, displacing Kazakhs from pastures, and encouraging the settling of nomadic farms. The article is based on archival documents from the funds of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan, published materials and on the pre-revolutionary works of various researchers.


Steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP) are extensively used in the research of brain-computer interface (BCI) and require a configurable light source flashing at different frequencies. Precise control of simultaneous multiple frequencies are essential for SSVEP studies and also for reducing the visual fatigue. Instead of LCD based stimulus which requires more resources and power, light emitting diodes (LEDs) are used as a light source as they are energy efficient, consume lower power, have higher contrast, less tiring visually, have multi-chromatic function and supports wider frequency ranges. In this paper, we propose a visual stimulator using off-shelf components to build a simple and yet customisable LED stimulus for testing the performance and qualitative user comfort using SSVEP electroencephalogram (EEG) data.


This paper examines institutional investors' ability to discriminate cash dividend incentive of listed companies.The authors find that once firms distribute cash dividends to assuage agency cost,institutional investors will invest the firm and their shareholdings increase with the dividend level Instead,once the listed firms pay excessive cash dividend for controlling shareholders to cash out,institutional investors will not invest. Still further,there is dividend premium when institutional investors are among top ten shareholders in the listed firms,and the premium increases with shareholding of the institutional shareholders.This study provides the evidence that institutional investors are sophisticated enough to discriminate cash dividend incentive of listed companies. It suggests that the fast development of institutional investors is beneficial for monitoring the dividend behavior of listed firms,and contributes to the healthy development of the capital market.


The purpose of this paper is to present some experimental results estimating instantaneous frequencies of FM (frequency modulation) signals using the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) method. The relevant STFT coefficients were computed using a bank of simple one-pole low-pass filters which estimates the cross correlation of a given signal and complex sinusoids. Also, it is shown that computing the STFT coefficients is equivalent to finding the least square solution which best approximates the given signal as a weighted sum of complex sinusoids.


Machining fixture can not only give play to the basic performance of the machine,but also expand the machine process performance,ensure accuracy and improve processing efficiency.The paper introduces plastic liquid formula and the liquid plastic fixture design considerations.The superiority of plastic fixture in the processing of thin-walled and high precision parts is demonstrated,the labor intensity is reduced and the labor productivity is improved.