Among most of the message scheduling strategies for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, the dynamic scheduling strategy behaves best in error correction performance. Dynamic selection is an integral part of dynamic scheduling decoding, which plays a decisive role throughout the decoding process. Usually, the dynamic selection strategy based on the message residuals only is employed in dynamic decoding algorithms, while other potentials of the dynamic selection strategy are rarely cared about. In this paper, we propose the triple judgment dynamic selection strategy combined with a Stability Criterion. Interestingly, the new strategy can be well applied to two different dynamic algorithms, namely, the V-VCRBP and the V-CVRBP algorithms. The proposed strategy has a great advantage: locating the message to be preferentially updated is extremely quick and accurate. Simulation results demonstrate that the V-VCRBP algorithm outperforms existing decoding algorithms in terms of BER performance and convergence speed, while the V-CVRBP algorithm has good error correction performance with a lower computational complexity.


ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in the pancreatic b cell membrane mediate insulin release in response to elevation of plasma glucose levels. They are open at rest but close in response to glucose metabolism, producing a depolarization that stimulates Ca21 inf lux and exocytosis. Metabolic regulation of KATP channel activity currently is believed to be mediated by changes in the intracellular concentrations of ATP and MgADP, which inhibit and activate the channel, respectively. The b cell KATP channel is a complex of four Kir6.2 pore-forming subunits and four SUR1 regulatory subunits: Kir6.2 mediates channel inhibition by ATP, whereas the potentiatory action of MgADP involves the nucleotidebinding domains (NBDs) of SUR1. We show here that MgATP (like MgADP) is able to stimulate KATP channel activity, but that this effect normally is masked by the potent inhibitory effect of the nucleotide. Mg21 caused an apparent reduction in the inhibitory action of ATP on wild-type KATP channels, and MgATP actually activated KATP channels containing a mutation in the Kir6.2 subunit that impairs nucleotide inhibition (R50G). Both of these effects were abolished when mutations were made in the NBDs of SUR1 that are predicted to abolish MgATP binding and/or hydrolysis (D853N, D1505N, K719A, or K1384M). These results suggest that, like MgADP, MgATP stimulates KATP channel activity by interaction with the NBDs of SUR1. Further support for this idea is that the ATP sensitivity of a truncated form of Kir6.2, which shows functional expression in the absence of SUR1, is unaffected by Mg21. ATP-sensitive K1 (KATP) channels couple cell metabolism to electrical activity. They thereby regulate insulin secretion from pancreatic b cells, participate in the response to cardiac and cerebral ischemia, control vascular smooth muscle tone, modulate transmitter release at brain synapses, and mediate K1 f luxes across epithelial cells (1–3). It is thought that metabolic regulation is achieved, at least in part, by variation in the intracellular concentrations of the adenine nucleotides ATP and ADP. These nucleotides influence KATP channel activity by interacting with two physically distinct sites on the KATP channel: interaction with one site leads to channel inhibition whereas interaction with the other site causes an increase in channel activity (4, 5). ADP interacts with both sites, being stimulatory at low concentrations and inhibitory at high concentrations. Although it is well established that ATP interacts with the inhibitory site, it is not known whether it is also effective at the stimulatory site. The properties of the two sites differ in their requirement for Mg21, the divalent cation being required for the potentiatory but not the inhibitory action of ADP (4, 6, 7). The b cell KATP channel consists of two types of subunit (8, 9): an inwardly rectifying K1 channel subunit (Kir6.2) and a sulfonylurea receptor subunit (SUR1), which assemble in a 4:4 stoichiometry to form an octameric channel (10–12). Both subunits are required to form a fully functional KATP channel. The Kir6.2 subunit serves as the KATP channel pore, whereas SUR1 endows Kir6.2 with sensitivity to sulfonylureas and K1 channel openers (5, 13). There is evidence that the inhibitory effect of ATP (and ADP) results from interaction of the nucleotide with Kir6.2 (5). By contrast, the potentiatory effects of MgADP are mediated through the sulfonylurea receptor subunit (5, 14–16). Sequence and hydropathy analysis suggest that SUR1 has two cytosolic nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) and multiple transmembrane domains (17, 18). The NBDs of several other members of the ABC transporter family, to which SUR1 belongs, are known to be involved in ATP binding and hydrolysis (19). In the case of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR, the energy of ATP hydrolysis is used to drive a conformational change that opens an intrinsic Cl2 channel (20–22). There is evidence that both NBDs of SUR1 are involved in channel activation by MgADP (15, 16). The fact that MgGTP, like MgADP and MgGDP, stimulates KATP channel activity (23) raises the possibility that MgATP also may have a stimulatory effect, mediated by the NBDs, which normally is obscured by the inhibitory effect of the nucleotide. This possibility is supported by the fact that the sensitivity of native b cell KATP channels to ATP inhibition is increased by the removal of Mg21 ions (24, 25). Originally, this finding was interpreted to indicate that the b cell KATP channel is inhibited by the free base, ATP42, whose concentration is reduced in solutions containing Mg21. An alternative explanation, however, is that, like MgADP, MgATP has a small stimulatory effect on KATP channel activity that causes an apparent reduction in ATP sensitivity in the presence of Mg21. In this paper we show that the effect of Mg21 on the ATP sensitivity of the b cell KATP channel is mediated by the sulfonylurea receptor subunit. We further show that this effect requires interaction of MgATP with the NBDs of SUR1. Our results suggest that, like MgADP, MgATP has dual stimulatory and inhibitory actions on the KATP channel. Removal of Mg21 enhances the apparent ATP sensitivity by abolishing the stimulatory effect. MgATP is less effective at increasing KATP channel activity than MgADP. It is possible that the stimulatory effect of MgATP also contributes to the metabolic regulation of KATP channel activity.


DNA damage is lethal and capable of inducing cellular aging or apoptosis. In this work, the highly tumorigenic and cisplatin-resistant human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells were transfected with construct encoding the complete sequence of p16INK4a (p16). The stable clones with elevated p16 exhibited enhanced sensitivities to low concentration cisplatin treatment. Further study indicated that cisplatin arrested cells at G2/M phase and the effectiveness is proportional to the level of p16 expressed. The growth of the xenograft tumors established by p16 transfectants in nude mice was also suppressed by cisplatin by inducing senescence-like phenotype. The data altogether indicated that, in cisplatin-resistant tumor cells with basal endogenous p16, the growth suppression by drugs can be greatly improved by ectopic gene transfer.


Creating an effective system of training qualified specialists is relevant at the present stage of higher education. The motivation of students' learning activities plays a significant role in solving this problem.The main purpose of the article is to conduct a theoretical analysis of scientific publications on this issue and study the learning motivation of fourth-year students of the educational and professional program "Practical Psychology" using the following methods, namely: "Study on the motives of students' learning activities" (A.O. Rean, V. O. Yakunin), "Methodology for diagnostics of students' learning motivation" (A.O. Rean, V.O. Yakunin in the modification of N.Ts. Badmaieva), "Motivation for studying in a higher educational institution" (T.I. Ilyina). As a result of the presented research on the methodology for studying the motives of students' learning activities by A.O. Rean and V.O. Yakunin techniques, it was clarified that the following motives turned out to be dominant for students: getting a degree (diploma), educational and cognitive (acquiring deep and sustainable knowledge, obtaining intellectual pleasure) and professional (the desire to become a highly qualified specialist, ensuring the success of future professional activities). Thus, the majority of students emphasized the importance of obtaining their degree (diploma), that is, the dominance of the formal external sign of educational activities. In the authors' opinion, the choice of such a motive cannot provide the students with motivation and activity in the learning process.According to the method "Diagnostics of students' learning motivation" (in the modification of N.Ts. Badmaieva) proposed by A.O. Rean and V.O. Yakunin, the significant motives for students appeared to be: communicative, professional, social, learning, cognitive and the possibility of creative self-realization. It is not surprising that students-future practical psychologists define communicative motives as the most essential owing to their connection with the peculiarities of the professional activities of the practical psychologist.The choice of professional motives indicates that students strive to become qualified specialists, knowing the significance of the chosen profession and considering it as a way of realizing themselves as individuals. The study conducted with the use of T. I. Ilyina and A.O. Rean method determined the following results: the dominant motives for students are considered acquiring knowledge and getting a degree.Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded: the learning motivation is a set of motives encouraging students to study and affecting their activity in the training process. The effectiveness of students' learning activities, as well as their ability to master professional competencies, depend on the motivation structure and leading motives. Motivation is not constant, and this should be taken into account for understanding the hierarchy of motives of students' learning activities and the possibility of influencing on them.The authors consider that learning and professional motives are decisive for the vocational training of future practical psychologists since they provide conscious and active involvement of students in the learning process, as well as the need for knowledge acquisition and professional development.


The media claim to speak with authority on educational issues and thus play a major role in the construction of public messages about special education. Discursive constructions of "special education" portray the landscape of possibilities within which much of the public comes to understand what special education is , influencing their understanding and judgment of it. The purpose of this paper is to analyze public constructions of "special education" using editorials published in The New York Times from 1975-2004. Using critical discourse analysis, this paper reveals themes developed over time as well as the ways language is used to construct a particular view of "special education." Alternative discourses are suggested to counter the hegemonic presentations by the Times editors.


Developing countries: a perspective. Population, urbanization and migration. Urbanization, city distributions and city locations: systems of cities. The plural society, the dual economy and the two circuits. Models of developing country situations. Models of specific systems in developing countries: some case studies. Reflections on the theories and models and their application. Note on a possible modelling opportunity in Hong Kong. References. Acknowledgements. Index.


BACKGROUND & AIMS
We have previously reported that nitric oxide could induce the death of colon cancer cells. Because an inappropriate activation of beta-catenin has been associated with intestinal cell malignant transformation, we explored whether nitric oxide could affect beta-catenin expression and function.

METHODS
Human colon cancer cell lines were treated with the nitric oxide donor glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) before analyzing beta-catenin expression by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation methods and its transcriptional activity using a luciferase reporter gene driven by a T-cell factor-responsive promotor.

RESULTS
GTN induces beta-catenin degradation and down-regulates its transcriptional activity in colon cancer cells. This effect is preceded by GTN-induced tyrosine nitration of beta-catenin, together with its dephosphorylation on serine 33, 37, and 45 and threonine 41. GTN-induced beta-catenin degradation involves proteases that are sensitive to a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, and to serine protease inhibitors N-tosyl-L-phenylalaline chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and [4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonylfluoride] (AEBSF), whereas the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway is not involved. Interestingly, only TPCK and AEBSF restore beta-catenin transcriptional activity and preserve beta-catenin nuclear localization in GTN-treated colon cancer cells.

CONCLUSIONS
Exposure of colon cancer cells to nitric oxide unraveled a so-far-unidentified mechanism of beta-catenin regulation. The protein is nitrated and dephosphorylated, and its transcriptional activity is reduced through degradation by a TPCK and AEBSF-sensitive protease.


A multinodular intermediate fibroblastic neoplasm affecting the central nervous system. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells.


Commonsense knowledge graphs (CKGs) are increasingly applied in various natural language processing tasks. However, most existing CKGs are limited to English, which hinders related research in non-English languages. Meanwhile, directly generating commonsense knowledge from pretrained language models has recently received attention, yet it has not been explored in non-English languages. In this paper, we propose a large-scale Chinese CKG generated from multilingual PLMs, named as **CN-AutoMIC**, aiming to fill the research gap of non-English CKGs. To improve the efficiency, we propose generate-by-category strategy to reduce invalid generation. To ensure the filtering quality, we develop cascaded filters to discard low-quality results. To further increase the diversity and density, we introduce a bootstrapping iteration process to reuse generated results. Finally, we conduct detailed analyses on CN-AutoMIC from different aspects. Empirical results show the proposed CKG has high quality and diversity, surpassing the direct translation version of similar English CKGs. We also find some interesting deficiency patterns and differences between relations, which reveal pending problems in commonsense knowledge generation. We share the resources and related models for further study.


of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science INHIBITION OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS REPLICATION USING SMALL INTERFERING RNA THAT TARGET ICP4 GENE OF HERPES SIMPLEX TYPE 2 By Suresha Chandani Rajaguru December 2004 Chair: Gregory S. Schultz Major Department: Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Herpes simplex type 1(HSV 1) is the primary causative agent for ocular herpes and Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV 2) is the primary agent for genital herpes. Herpes simplex infections can be life-threatening in immunocompromised people and neonates. Herpes is a neurotropic virus that establishes latency causing a lifelong infection in sensory neuronal ganglia that supply the primary site of infection. Prophylactic oral antiviral therapy reduces recurrences of herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) by only 40% and has no sustained benefit following its discontinuation. There are three kinetic groups of proteins that play a role in herpes simplex virus replication: immediate early, early, and late. Immediate early genes activate the host cell transcriptional machinery. There are five immediate early genes expressed in the earliest stages of the HSV infection cycle: α4 (ICP4), α0 (ICP0), α27 (ICP27/UL50), α22 (ICP22/ UL54), and α47 (ICP47/ US12). Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) are 21-23 nucleotide RNA molecules that cleave target mRNA sequences. In this study, we designed five siRNA molecules that target the


It is well known that surface defects such as surface cracks and non-metallic inclusions are decreased the fatigue strength of vehicle parts. However, the study on overcoming the surface defects by using surface refining methods is hardly reported. The cavitation peening (CP) method is in the limelight as a new possible surface refining method, which is a shot-less peening method and increases compressive residual stress. On studying the effects of the CP to the defects, the authors conducted an experiment using the two types of specimens with an artificial semicircular slit, whose slit diameter (2a)=0.08, 0.15 and 0.20mm on the surface of specimens, and evaluated their refined surface characteristics and fatigue limits. The results obtained are: 2a of the acceptable defect with the smooth and that with notched specimens were 0.08 and 0.15mm, respectively. Key Word: Fatigue, Cavitation, Peening, Steel, Defect, Residual stress INTRODUCTION The market demands for the environmental and fuel economy expectations of vehicles have increased. Under this circumstance, vehicle companies are directing their efforts toward improving the fatigue strength of the component parts. For this purpose, overcoming the surface defects such as surface cracks and non-metallic inclusions is a top priority. As one of the techniques to overcome the defects, there is a Shot Peening method [K.Takahashi,2007]. However, this technique has the possibility that the surface roughness deteriorates. The cavitation peening (CP) method is in the limelight as a new possible surface refining method, which is a shot-less peening method and is hardly changed the surface roughness. Therefore, for studying the effects of the CP to the surface defects, an experiment using the two types of specimens with an artificial semicircular slit on the surface of specimens was conducted and their refined surface characteristics and fatigue limits were evaluated. (Then, the influences of CP on the defects were analyzed.) EXPERIMENTAL METHOD The specimens in this study were made of JIS S50C, whose main chemical composition is: 0.50%C-0.30%Si-0.79%Mn. Fig.1 shows the manufacturing process of specimens. The geometries and dimensions of the smooth and notched specimens are shown in Fig. 2. After being machined to the shape without slit as shown in Fig.2, these specimens were induction hardened and tempered. The hardness was approx. 500HV. Then, these specimens were introduced an artificial slit such as surface defect to the central part by the electric discharge method. The slit geometries were semi-circular shapes and the diameters of the slits (2a) were 0.08, 0.15 and 0.20mm. The CP method was adopted the atmospheric CP method, which was developed by Soyama, et al [H.Soyama, 2001]. The nozzle used for CP was a bipolar system as shown in Fig.3. High and low pressures water jets were ejected from the center and its surrounding nozzles, respectively. The conditions of CP are shown in Table1. Hereafter, the cavitation-peened specimen is called as CP specimen. Fig. 1 Flowchart of specimen manufacturing process Fig. 2 Schematic illustration of specimens and slit Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of the CP nozzle Forging Machining Induction hardning and Tempering Electrical discharge machining slit (2a=0.08,0.15,0.20mm) CP unpeened + non-slit unpeened + slit CP + slit CP + non-slit


This paper discusses the issues of protection of the software complex of mixed electronic document management by biometric authentication. The types of biometric authentication are analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages are shown. The disadvantages of document flow protection systems are described. A technique for searching for incorrect implementations when forming an open string is proposed.


SUMMARY A radiometric age determination on wood in tin-bearing alluvium from Selangor gives a result of about 36,000 years B.P. This is consistent with the view that the deposits formed during a period of rejuvenation of river systems during the Pleistocene. Meagre palynological evidence indicates the deposit is late Pliocene or younger.


ficult of sharp definition, and is still difficult of attainment after it has been defined. Assembly singing is, I opine, neither chorus practice nor community singing. Unless reasonably worthy musical material is brought to reasonably good musical production the fineness of spirit needed to give an assembly proper value is lost; but as the performers are not specialized musically, worth must not be extended to include technical difficulties or extremely delicate musical refinements. Moreover, large numbers of pupils participate, the social feeling is strong, and yet the bond is not specifically musical, as in an advanced chorus, but arises from more universal human interests. Accordingly, texts that deal in wholesomeand admirable way with these basic human interests, rather than with exclusive art-interests, are desirable: and to lift and clothe with new beauty and power the basic experiences of humanity, and make utterance of these conceptions possible to all, may be said to be the aim and function of such a book as this. Whether the aim and function described are right or not, and whether such purpose was in the minds of the editors or not, the book conforms quite closely to the description hazarded. It does not make the mistake of offering a little of every kind of material, good and bad, hoping that everybody will find 80mething suitable to his purpose. That kind of compilation, which is all too common, represents either Indolence, lack of educational conscience, or lack of clear discemment-or all three combined. This book fixed its goal and then conscientiously attained it. The wisdom, humanity, pedagogical knowledge and literary ideals of Dr. Condon, and the pedagogical and musical knowledge of Miss Leavitt and Mr. Newton were conscientiously employed. The result is a book so good that it must inevitably improve assembly singing and so lift the result of the whole assembly period to a higher point. WILL EARHART


Towards the end of May 2006, a number of reports appeared in the press concerning the indictment of a biotechnology company and its owner on charges of allegedly shipping bogus research material to many corporate and academic researchers. According to these reports, the indictment alleged that employees of the company fraudulently misrepresented the purity of the peptide products they manufactured. Amongst other fraudulent activities, impurities in chromatograms were masked by cut-and-paste procedures. That this company has ceased activities should be no surprise to anyone. What is surprising, however, is that the company allegedly had to resort to "cutting and pasting" to fabricate HPLC chromatograms showing purities of presumably 95 percent or 97 percent. The "apparent" purity of the products could easily have been increased by simple manipulation of the HPLC gradient, in order to eliminate the separation between the product and closely-eluting impurities. One is tempted to speculate that the quality of the company's products must have been very low and there is ample justification now to question the results of research that used the peptides which the company sold. A high price to pay for low-priced peptides! But before closing the door on what – however many institutions and projects were unfortunately affected – is almost certainly an isolated incidence of gross fraud, it is important to ask the question as to how important is the quality of peptides which are used for different stages of scientific investigations. The use of steep gradients and otherwise inappropriate and poorly resolving generic HPLC methods often fail to reveal the impurities in peptides. Expressed differently, are peptide users as a whole really aware of the purity of the products that they are buying, and what level of impurities can be tolerated in a peptide before it loses its pharmacological relevance?


Three Cyanobacterial strains such as, Tolypothrix tenuis, Anabaena variabilis and Cylindrospermum sp. were isolated from the soil samples collected from paddy fields of Telangana State in sterilized nitrogen free BG-11 medium. Antimicrobial activities of these three strains were studied. Chloroform, Methanol and Water extracts from the biomass of selected Cyanobacteria were isolated and screened against two strains of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis (ATCC-11774) and Pseudomonas auruginosa (ATCC-15442). The growth of the bacterial strains tested were inhibited by the culture extracts prepared by using different solvents Chloroform, Methanol and Water in which Chloroform extracts of Cyanobacteria have shown maximum inhibition zones under investigation.


Abstract Based on geometric characteristics of a typical six DOF industrial robot with the spherical wrist, a discriminant method without solving inverse kinematics equations is proposed for solving the problem whether the robot end-effector can reach the expected position and orientation. Some geometric discrimination conditions are created. Thanks to these geometric discriminant conditions, the visualization of the discriminant result in the virtual environment created in Qt and Ogre3D can be achieved.


The article underscores the conceptual nexus of diaspora and soft power. It analyses US soft power, its main operating mechanisms and tools, and the role of diaspora groups in the transfer of American values, using Armenia and the Armenian-American diaspora community as a case study. The paper argues that ethnic diaspora groups are increasingly important actors of soft power. Along with protecting and promoting the national interests of their country of origin, ethnic diaspora groups play a unique role in promoting the host country's soft power by establishing links and enhancing mutual understanding between both societies and states and providing the transfer and network for the host country's values and ideals abroad. The article highlights the role of the Armenian diaspora political parties, the Armenian-American sociopolitical and lobbying organisations, and the activities of prominent Armenian Americans and their charitable foundations in the spread of American values and ideals, and the advancement of American soft power in Armenia.


From ancient times, the fundamental concept of theological anthropology has been imago Dei: human beings have been created to be God`s image on earth. What constitutes the human being`s likeness to God? The answers which theological tradition has given to this question may be briefly summed up as follows, 1. According to the analogy of substance, the soul(which is the human being` s reasonable and volitional nature) is the seat of human likeness to God, for it is immortal, and similar to the divine nature. 2. According to the analogy of form(appearance), The human being` s upright walk, and his upward glance are also of the image of God. 3. According to the analogy of proportionality(domination), the image of God is to be found in man`s lordship over the earth, since this corresponds to God`s general lordship over the world. 4. According to the analogy of human right, there is no distinction at all between human beings; there is only equality. Not only the king and royal family, but also all the common people including man and women are a common, shared human right. 5. According to the analogy of relation, finally, it consists in the fact that human beings, for their part, correspond to God. And God`s relationship to human beings is manifested in the community of human beings. Recently, many theologian such as K. Barth and J. Moltmann admitted the analogy of relation as inclusive biblical interperetation. But they insisted twofold relations: the relation of God between man/woman and the relation of man/woman between man/woman. D. Bonhoffer added the relation of mart/woman and nature. In Conclusion, These threefold relationships of the Image of God are not only God`s grace(Gabe) given only toward man/woman and but also man/woman`s assignment(Aufgabe). The threefold relationships of the Image of God correspond to the organic harmony of three realities(天地人, 三太極), and will be adapted as the principle of hermeneutics for interpreting the main theme of the Bible in Korean theological perspective.


The invention relates to a connecting device in a paint toning machine for connecting a paste container to a toning paste supply hose of the toning machine. In order to maintain the tightness of the internal system of both the paste container and the paint toning machine when the paste container is being connected or disconnected, the connecting device comprises a first connector to be connected to the discharge aperture of the paste container and including a valve element, a second connector to be connected to the toning paste supply hose and including a spindle, and a connecting mount for receiving the first and the second connector, for supporting them against each other and for forcing the spindle of the second connector to open the valve element of the first connector.


Meridional wind oscillations of 3–6 day period are common in the equatorial lower stratosphere. Upper air data obtained from 32 equatorial stations, 1973–87, show that 70 mb wave intensity over the Maritime continent varied annually with largest amplitude in NH late winter and spring, but the seasonal cycle of intensity was not uniform in the tropics. Time series of meridional velocity and its spatial coherence suggest that 70 mb wave packets were local in longitude and episodic in time.


Prediction is the basis of good planning and management in power systems of smart cities, especially when considering sustainability. The same applies for power quality, that in the last ten years has become an issue for both electricity consumers and power systems' operators. This is due to the negative impact of low power quality on sensitive equipment. In the case of consumers, frequently their own equipment is the source of disturbances that decrease the power quality level. This paper presents a hybrid knowledge-based system for power quality issues prediction. The main component of the proposed system is the knowledge base that contains all information about the sources of power quality problems, like nonlinear, and inductive loads. Production rules, classes, and objects represent the knowledge in the knowledgebase. A mathematical block makes the calculus when diverse sources of power quality disturbances overlap or add. The testing of the prediction system by considering diverse scenarios showed reliable results. The proposed system is beneficial for residential consumers, but also prosumers from smart cities.


The purpose of research is improvement of laying hens osteoporosis, and use of various drugs with the justification of their effectiveness. As a result of poultry clinical inspection osteoporosis was found expressed violation of phos-phoric-calcium metabolism, is one of the main causes of manifestation of what hens begin to «take legs», unable to move about in the cage, or eat food and drink water. By selecting and pulling the sick hens from the cage in the vast majority occurs fracture of the tubular bones of the hind legs and wings. When you need the slaughtering of laying hens in sanitary slaughterhouse after separation of the pen in the barrel and have chicken carcasses crashed all the cartilage, bones, and carcasses of chickens are rejected. For poultry, unlike others ones the high degree of intensity of mineral metabolism, including calcium and phosphorus. A test of different premixes Paltry mineral blend for laying hens, the company MIAVIT GmbH/Germany (by mixing with feed 500-1000 g per 1 ton of feed) with the purpose of implementation of prevention showed the lack of effectiveness. The use of the drug LiquiFos Strong by company Biochem Zusatzstoffe/Germany method of feeding in production environment experienced for poultry in the dose of 2 l per tonn of water per week contributed to the demise, and in the control group, on the contrary the extension of this pathology. LiquiFos Strong improves digestibility, absorption, and digestibility of nutrients in bones of laying hens. LiquiFos Strong applied to laying hens LLP agro-firm «AKAS» in West Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan to improve the status of birds at the sudden imbalance of calcium-phosphorus metabolism.


ABSTRACT In 2003, the United States adopted anti-dumping tariffs for Vietnamese catfish products entering the country. This study examines how these tariffs have impacted the price relationship between domestically produced and imported catfish products. Cointegration tests confirm a long-run price relationship between domestic and imported catfish, which has persisted despite the anti-dumping tariffs. However, imports are composed of catfish from Vietnam and other countries, with only the former subjected to tariffs. Results from vector error correction models suggest that Vietnamese catfish prices do not significantly influence domestic prices. Conversely, the price of catfish from countries other than Vietnam continues to impact prices received by domestic catfish farmers and processors. The domestic catfish industry is still affected by lower-priced imports from countries other than Vietnam, although some of these may be transshipments that truly originate in Vietnam. This research methodology could be adapted to investigate trade and price interactions among other aquacultured species, which will become increasingly important as global aquaculture expands.


This paper generalizes the college admissions problem in a dynamic direction. We show some results from the college admissions problem continue to hold in the dynamic model, but some do not carry over. We propose a solution concept, dynamic stability, that involves backward induction and maximin. We also propose two other solution concepts: dynamically group stability and dynamic weak core. These three solution concepts will degenerate to their conventional counterpart if the dynamic model degenerates to the college admissions problem, in which they coincide with each other. Even though they do not coincide in the dynamic model, all of them require a static stable matching in the last period.


,Individual events and relay events are swum as a single age group. The first sixteen (16) places in the individual age group events will be scored and awarded as listed below. The first sixteen places for each relay event will be scored but not awarded. Individual Events: 20-17-16-15-14-13-12-11-9-7-6-5-4-3-2-1 points Relay Events: 40-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-18-14-12-10-8-6-4-2 points Only individual event scores are counted for high point awards. Relay and individual scores are used for team scoring. AWARDS:


Objective To evaluate the value of MRI in diagnosis of the knee cruciate ligament injury.Methods Retrospective analysis of 42 cases with anterior cruciate ligament injury which confirmed by surgery or arthroscopy was done.All the cases were underwent with SE,FSE,sagittal,coronal T1WI,T2WI and STIR sequences.Results In 42 cases of cruciate ligament damaged,35 cases were partial tear,seven cases were complete tear.The accurate rates of MRI in diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament partial tear and complete tear were 89% and 90% respectively.Conclusions MRI can accurately diagnose knee ligament injury and complications,and can provide a reliable basis for clinical treatment.


Drying has a significant impact in the preservation of agricultural products. The dried foods have long shelf life because the moisture content is so low and the growth spoilage organisms are reduced. Although solar drying is a popular method, many rural places do not have a suitable climate for it. So it is important to develop a dryer that works with other technologies. This articles presents the design and fabrication of biomass based dryer which can be used to dry agricultural yield in rural areas. The biomass used in the gasifier is cheap and locally available. The dryer is designed to dry Tapioca and to test the effectiveness of the dryer at regular time interval during the whole drying process. The drying was carried between the temperature limits of 60°-70°C at constant mass flow of producer gas. The final moisture content of the Tapioca was recorded as 5% to 12%. The biomass based dryer reduces the drying time by 50% when compared with open sun drying. From experimentation it is observed that the biomass based dryer is more efficient than the traditional open sun drying.


The articles most explicitly concerned with the politics of community economic development are Faux's useful history of the Special Impact Program of OEO under Johnson and Nixon, and the opening essay by Milton Kotler. Not surprisingly, Kotler argues that the neighborhood is an important political and economic community. His analysis of the original intent of the famous "maximum feasible participation" requirement in the Community Action Program at best is too simple, and, at worst, it is contradicted by Blumenthal, Davidson, Moynihan, Rubin, Yarmolinsky, Donovan, and others who have contributed to the literature on this controversy. Kotler also argues that reductions in the number of people below the poverty line in the 1960s was largely explained by "staff jobs in neighborhood organizations geared to providing either political education or the social benefits necessary to tie people to political organization" (p. 7). It is not clear whether Kotler means that the poor were politicized by antipoverty agency staff, and were somehow able to translate this experience into economic gains, or that the poverty population was reduced largely because so much of it was employed in staff jobs. Evidence for the first interpretation is at best thin, but the numbers involved would make the second version absurd. Finally, Kotler's argument that neighborhood tax outflows should be retained and politically controlled by local organizations assumes much about the resultant economic allocations and how they would lead to a more vital ghetto economy. While the CDC hardly emerges from the other essays as an unqualified success, Kotler's alternative would have to resolve problems of mixed objectives, economic efficiency, and others analogous to those taken up by other contributors writing about the CDC approach.


One objection to conventional AI ethics is that it slows innovation. This presentation responds by reconfiguring ethics as an innovation accelerator. The critical elements develop from a contrast between Stability AI's Diffusion and OpenAI's Dall-E. By analyzing the divergent values underlying their opposed strategies for development and deployment, five conceptions are identified as common to acceleration ethics. Uncertainty is understood as positive and encouraging, rather than discouraging. Innovation is conceived as intrinsically valuable, instead of worthwhile only as mediated by social effects. AI problems are solved by more AI, not less. Permissions and restrictions governing AI emerge from a decentralized process, instead of a unified authority. The work of ethics is embedded in AI development and application, instead of functioning from outside. Together, these attitudes and practices remake ethics as provoking rather than restraining artificial intelligence.


Dear Editor Boric acid (BA) is used in topical disinfectants and insecticides, at concentrations up to 99%. Potential lethal doses are 3 g to 6 g in infants and 15 g to 20 g in adults. Clinical manifestations of BA toxicity include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, seizure, and coma. Death from BA overdose results from circulatory collapse or kidney failure. No case of high-magnitude rhabdomyolysis associated with BA intoxication is reported. A 41-year-old man was admitted to our unit complaining muscle and abdominal cramps, after about 10 hours from the accidental ingestion of a glass of water containing 10 g of BA used as hand disinfectant. History and inspection were unremarkable, body temperature 37.9°C and blood pressure 140/90 mm Hg. On blood chemistry, kidney function tests were unremarkable, mild leukocytosis was noted (13500 per μL), aspartate aminotransferase level was 250 U/L, and alanine aminotransferase level was 102 U/L. Creatine kinase level was 18000 U/L. Urinalysis showed mild proteinuria with few erythorcytes and leukocytes. Plasma boron was 78 mg/mL. Half-saline solution (300 mL/h) together with 200 mmol of sodium bicarbonate were infused on the first 2 days. The second day, creatine kinase level rose to 133 000 U/L and a hemodialysis session (polysulphone 1.8 m2 dialyzer, 240-minute bicarbonate dialysis) was prescribed. Notwithstanding one more dialysis session, creatine kinase raised to 167 000 U/L, but from the 4th day, it halved every following day. Boron level reduced (from 60 mg/mL to 3 mg/mL, to undetectable). Dialysis was stopped, hydration reduced, and the patient was discharged on the 10th day with normal creatine kinase and kidney function. Boric acid forms complexes with hydroxyl group-containing glycolipids, glycoproteins and phosphoinositides affecting membrane integrity, calcium chelator function and redox metabolism. It is easily cleared by hemodialysis. No case of high magnitude rhabdomyolysis associated with BA intoxication is reported. In 2004 the American Association of Poison Control Centers reported 2443 cases of BA exposure with 140 intentional, causing moderate to major outcomes in 62 and death in 1.1 Teshima and colleagues reported successful treatment of an attempted suicide by a 26-yearold woman ingesting BA via furosemide and intravenous fluids forced diuresis.2 Prabhakar and coworkers3 reported a laundry detergent ingestion with acute kidney failure and creatine kinase at 12000 U with complete recovery after 9 dialysis sessions. Riella and colleagues4 reported a patient presenting acute kidney failure complicating laundry detergent ingestion, whose renal biopsy showed severe cortical necrosis. This case is interesting essentially for: (1) to our knowledge it is the first case of BA intoxication associated with a really high rhabdomyolysis (creatine kinase up to 167 000 U/L), which completely recovered after hemodialysis; (2) acute kidney failure was not present; and (3) the extremely high creatine kinase was associated with BA intoxication, which did not respond to the abundant hydration and urine alkalinization. Only patients with a creatine kinase higher than 20 000 U/L associated with BA intoxication do not seem to respond to hydration and required dialysis.5 Our case did not answer the question "how much creatine kinase is too much," for starting dialysis, due to patient's very high level of creatine kinase. However, it supports starting dialysis in patients with creatine kinase blood level higher than 20 000 U/L and not waiting for an eventual effect of hydration and urine alkalinization.


An alarming new study in the Annual Review of Environment and Resources contends that fully one-third of the world's marine fish catches are ground up and fed to farm-raised fish, pigs, and poultry. The researchers involved say that this squandering of "forage fish" (anchovies, sardines, menhaden, and other smallto medium-sized fish) is rapidly worsening the already serious overfishing crisis in our oceans.


Rice sheath mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley (Acari: Tarsonemidae), was observed to pose a serious threat to the rice cultivation under Bengal Basin of West Bengal, India during wet season. The mite appeared during tillering to panicle emergence with a maximum population encountered during early ripening stage of the crop causing characteristic brownish specks on the leaf sheath and on the grains resulting poor yield particularly in case of susceptible rice cultivars, IET-4786, IR-36, IET-4094 and many others high yielding varieties. Acaricides was found to be inadequate in suppressing the mite population. The result of the experiment reveals that the mite population significantly varied among different treatments with a maximum mite population colonized (929.67 mite/ leaf sheath) in chemical fertilized plots and a minimum recorded (108.33 mite/leaf sheath) in leaf manure of Glyricidia maculata  (Kunth) Walp treated plots. However, maximum seed yield (fresh rough grain) was obtained from combined application of mustard cake, Glyricidia leaf manure and chemical fertilizers. (9.16 t/ha) which was at par with that of chemical fertilizer treated plots and the minimum yield was recorded from control plots (6.18 t/ha).


ted about an army of fanatical abolitionists coming after them. The war itself did little to change the paranoid climate, especially given the realities of Copperheads and the ultimately successful plot to assassinate Lincoln. Summers' main concern is Reconstruction; the bulk of his book is devoted to the turbulent years from 1865 to 1868. He presents a dense thicket of charge and counter-charge, real secret plots and imagined ones, reminding readers that the war really settled very little. For years afterward, Northerners and Southerners, Republicans and Democrats wondered if a second armed conoict would erupt over the issue of black suffrage and the expansion of either congressional or presidential powers. Summers carefully traces the deterioration of the relationship between the Radicals and President Andrew Johnson, showing how misinterpretation of actions and motivations destroyed any chance of the two sides working together. Summers' discussion of the events leading up to Johnson's impeachment is particularly strong, vividly describing the Radicals' fears that Johnson would raise his own army and set up his own shadow Congress. Although all of this detail is surely interesting, Summers' most important contribution comes in his anal chapters, which delineate the post-1868 retreat from Reconstruction. Ironically, once Northern Republicans turned their attention away from Southern Democrats, the region was enveloped in a violent counter-revolution, which shattered the fragile gains made by African Americans. Summers reveals the real importance of the early fear and paranoia when he writes, "This book may be seen as the story of watchdogs who barked all the time and, because they set up such a steady yammering, ended up not heard by later historians and by a growing number of their own contemporaries" (269). In essence, the Radicals were the boys who cried wolf, and when the real conspiracy arose, through the Ku Klux Klan and "Redemption," Northern whites were no longer in the mood to listen, or to intervene in meaningful ways. Summers also puts in a plug for the beleaguered moderate Republicans, suggesting that their less punitive, less constitutionally questionable course might have been the wiser one that could have broken the cycle of paranoia. All in all, this book is a powerful and fascinating contribution to the literature of Reconstruction politics.


Since the exposure of disadvantages of the modern petroleum oriented agriculture in the developed countries at the beginning of the 20th century, there have appeared alternatively agricultural patterns which produce foods of safty, non pollution, high quality and rich nutrition abroad, and those new typed foods have been given various names such as organic, chemical free, natural and ecological foods, but all of them are actually green foods. In this paper, achievements in the research and development of green food engineering at home and abroad are reviewed and some problems are analysed, so as to propose the countermeasures including supporting by policy and finance, construction of market and legal system, research and extension of science and technology, and fostering the green consciousness.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for making chondrocyte-like cells usable as a transplanting material in the therapy of diseases associated with chondrocyte deletion. SOLUTION: The method for making the chondrocyte-like cells comprises the steps of (a) culturing mesenchymal stem cells transferred with a Sox9 gene in a high-density condition and under the condition of enabling the mesenchymal cells to be proliferated and (b) collecting the cells after cultured. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO


This paper gives a qualitative analysis for distributed iterative stochastie large-scale systems.Criteria are established for connective mean-square convergence of time-invariant linear,time-varying linear and nonlinear iterative stochastic large-scale systems.In case of all isolated subsystems to be convergent,the mean-square convergence of the iterative stochastic large-scale systems can be always guaranteed for any interconnection and under structural perturbstions,only by choosing the appropriate multipliers in the subsystems.


Especially noteworthy for those concerned with the care of the ear in industry are the contributions by Engstrom and his associates dealing with noise-induced cochlear damage, and by Burns and Robinson describing an investigation of the effects of occupational noise on hearing. The former, using the surface preparation techniques which they have pioneered, illustrate their findings both with electron micrographs and with phase-contrast microscopy. Their pictures show with beautiful clarity, for instance, the damage produced in a single outer hair cell in the organ of Corti after six hours' exposure to helicopter noise. The effects of a variety of different sound exposures, including both white and pink noise, jet engine noise, gunshots, and explosions, art described in great detail. Pyknosis and disintegration of hair cell nuclei as a result of intense noise exposure are very clearly depicted. An illustration is also given of yet another increasing everyday problem, ototoxic antibiotics. The extensive disruption of nerve fibres and nerve endings in a cochlea thus damaged is vividly depicted and should surely give everyone pause to think before administering any drug so potentially hazardous. The work of Burns and Robinson crystallizes the results of many years' research carried out jointly by the Medical Research Council and the National Physical Laboratory. One of the most important concepts which they propound is that of the noise immission level (NIL). This is an index of the total sound energy incident on an ear during a working lifetime. In retrospective studies, correlation between NIL and presumed noiseinduced hearing loss has been found in terms of rate of onset and degree of hearing impairment. To date, as far as the factory doctor is concerned, the almost universal method of ascertaining the degree of any hearing defect has been by the use of pure-tone audiometry. A thoughtful and provocative account of alternatives to threshold measurement in the assessment of hearing is provided by Broadbent and Stephens. Perhaps a pointer to the future is provided in their suggestion that measureinent of the detectability of sounds of short duration may provide an alternative method of localizing auditory lesions. Finally, both editors and publishers are to be congratulated for publishing in full at the end of each paper the discussion which ensued. Frequently this underlines the most salient features of each report and other workers in similar bianches of research amplify and clarify the findings of the original writers. This is one of the most valuable features of this commendable publication.


Let A and B be strings of common length n. Define LLCS(A, B) to be the length of the longest common subsequence of A and B. Hunt and Szymanski presented an algorithm for finding LLCS(A, B) with time complexity O((r + n)logn), where r is the number of elements in the set {(i, j)|A[i] = B[j]}. In the worst case the algorithm has running time of O(n2logn). We present an improvement to this algorithm which changes the time complexity to O(r + n(LLCS(A, B) + logn)). Some experimental results show dramatic improvements for large n.


The General Meeting of the International Association of Applied Psychology (IAAP) was held on Thursday, July 20th, 2006, at 6:05 P.M., in the Olympia B Hall of the Divani Caravel Hotel, 2 Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, Athens. Greece. President Michael Frese was in the chair. Janel Gauthier served as substitute to Secretary-General Jose M. Prieto who could not be present, and recorded the minutes of the meeting. Over 150 full members were present. 1. Adoption of agenda The item pertaining to the 27


Marine-based deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), purified from waste products of the Japanese fishing industry, has recently become a new material of interest in photonics applications. The water soluble DNA is precipitated with a surfactant complex, cetyltrimethl-ammonium chloride (CTMA), to form a water insoluble complex, DNA-CTMA, for application as a nonlinear optical material. It is possible to fabricate an all-DNA-CTMA waveguide by crosslinking the DNA-CTMA. Crosslinking causes the material to become resistant to its initial solvents upon curing; this allows a core layer of crosslinked DNA-CTMA-chromophore to be spin coated directly on top of a cladding layer of crosslinked DNA-CTMA. The chromophore dye provides for the electro-optic effect to be induced through contact poling. The chromophore also raises the index of refraction of the core layer above that of the cladding needed for waveguiding. Progress on the development of this all-DNA-CTMA electro-optic modulator is presented.


The differential equations of heat conduction,heat convection,and heat radiation,which were in different heat media of groups of cable in ducts,were established.The solution domain and boundary conditions of two-dimensional conjugation temperature field were defined.The variation equations of natural convection were established by the vorticity-stream function and Galerkin method and calculated by the iteration method and coupled algorithm based on finite element method(FEM).The temperature distribution of cables with given load was calculated.The ampacity of single loop and multi-loop XLPE power cable systems were calculated by iteration method.The results of test and calculation show that FEM is effective to calculate the temperature field and ampacity of underground cable systems in ducts in engineering.


Over the first 4 months of 2013, the population's real disposable income over the first 4 months of 2013 rose by 5.9% on the corresponding period of 2012, which happened due to an increase in the size of both wages and pensions. The inequality indices on Q1 2013 remained practically the same as in the corresponding period of last year. The poverty indices in 2012 were the lowest of the entire period of 1992–2012.


The present study was designed to compare electrophysiological data with the results obtained from human Ss who were asked qualitatively to scale odors. To achieve this end, recordings from the area of the mitral cells in the opossum's olfactory bulb were carried out with tungsten microelectrodes. The stimuli used were odorants from the extreme ends of the five oblique factors obtained in the human study. The results indicate that chemicals with large positive factor loadings have a facilitative effect on the activity in the anterior olfactory bulb and that chemicals with large negative factor loadings have a facilitative effect on the activity in the posterior olfactory bulb. Further investigation of the four chemicals comprising the extreme positive poles of the factors led to the conclusion that chemicals with large positive factor weights exert an inhibitory effect on the activity in the posterior olfactory bulb. It was also found that the magnitude of the physiological response to a chemical is significantly correlated with the chemical's factor loading.


Remote sensing (RS) image can be applied in many domains. Most research work on RS image retrieval is to meet the demand of professional user. However, there are demands for RS image that comes from non-professional users who propose the requests in natural language (NL) not filling in professional request forms. Some problems are needed to be solved to implement RS image retrieval based on NL user demand. The objective of this research was to propose a user demand semantic model to solve the problem of translation from NL user demand to value requirements. Based on plenty of materials investigated in application domains, the syntax and semantics of NL user demand was analyzed. Semantic relationship is summarized in terms of the semantic analysis. After that, a user demand semantic model is proposed and built with ontology. It can be conclude that the proposed semantic model may help to RS image retrieval based on NL user demand.


This study concerns atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of two disk-shaped molecules in the crystalline phase. The coarse-grained models were developed by applying the Iterative Boltzmann Inversion method which is a systematic coarse-graining method. In particular, a set of radial distribution functions and intramolecular distributions are reproduced at the coarse-grained level. Before applying coarse-graining, a reliable atomistic model was developed to reproduce the main experimental properties of these molecules. The crystalline phases are analyzed in terms of the Saupe ordering tensor.


This study aims to provide an overview of tourism improvement through communication. The development of tourism in coastal areas requires integrated communication. Improving the image of the destination can be enhanced through effective integrated communication. Local governments can use integrated communication as a driving tool in tourism development. They were using a qualitative approach to describe and describe the core of the problem. Research informants are the government, private sector and the community as stakeholders. Observation, interview and documentation are collection techniques used by authors. The procedure in this study is to simplify the collected data, systematically present the oral data of the interview and recording results into written data, and process, interpret and analyse more comprehensively. Tourism communication is an activity of the government, society and tourism business owners to exchange information about the substance of tourism consisting of tourism marketing activities, delivery of destination image information, messages about accessibility and information on the availability of human resources and Institutional. The outline of the tourism communication model shows the importance of communication elements that frame the overall process of tourism communication channels. The persuasive communication process of mass communication, interpersonal communication and group communication on tourism marketing activities in coastal areas is an integral part of tourism communication


Abstract: The lamb's ear ( Stachys byzantina K. Koch) is an example of underutilized food species, characterized in Brazil as an unconventional vegetable. Currently, there is enough government incentive for the rescue and reintroduction of this species in the Brazilian food, however, there is little information available about the suitable techniques for its cultivation and for large-scale production. Thereon, we aimed to evaluate the lamb's ear plants development under different levels of fertilization, supplied by NPK formulations determined by variations obtained from adjustments to the recommendations for fertilization of leafy crops, besides evaluating the behavior of the crop, when conducted at different planting densities, as well as to determining the characterization of the phenological stages of this species in the region southern Minas Gerais. Two experiments were conducted, one to determine the phenological stage, which was arranged in a design of randomized blocks with four replications, and the other for evaluation of the phytotechnical handling of the crop, which was arranged in the randomized blocks with split plots. The production rate varied significantly when the crop was subjected to different levels of fertilizer and different spacing, and the best result was 48.05 Mg.ha -1 by handling in a less dense spacing of 50 cm between plants and 30 cm between lines under the fertilization of 300 kg.ha -1 N, 240 kg.ha -1 of K 2 O and 800 kg.ha -1 P 2 O 5 . The crop cycle, from planting to harvest, was set at 140 days after the planting. Keywords: Unconventional vegetables, Crop cycles, Stachys byzantina K. Koch.


Summary form only given. Present-day InGaN-AlGaN-GaN semiconductor lasers typically contain a multiple optical waveguide structure, with refractive indices of several layers (GaN buffer-substrate, active region, cap layer) higher than those of cladding layers. This leads to complex behavior of optical modes. Here, we show that resonant effects in nitride lasers result from coupling between nearly-degenerate normal modes of the entire laser structure, similarly to the case of InGaAs-based lasers analyzed previously. We also demonstrate the strong role of the parasitic waveguide thicknesses, in addition to previously investigated parameters.


A loudness measurement which takes account of the spectral and temporal structure of a sound event, better than the A-weighted SPL, has advantages. Nevertheless, it is not universally accepted because the loudness measurement does not allow a complete judgment of complex sound events comparable to human hearing. In addition to loudness, there are other psychoacoustic parameters such as sharpness, roughness and fluctuation strength.


An engaging history reveals the scientific struggle to understand horizontal gene transfer In David Quammen's new page turner, The Tangled Tree: A Radical New History of Life, the author reveals how new molecular techniques have come to revolutionize the way we understand evolutionary processes and how we classify life into coherent groups. In an accessible style that has won him accolades in the past, Quammen does a marvelous job of weaving together the scientific and human story of this revolution.


Abstract From April through June 1991, we tested a full-scale deterrent system for excluding alewives Alosa pseudoharengus from the intake of the James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Plant (JAF), near Oswego, New York. This electronic system produced high-frequency broadband sound (122–128 kHz) at a source level (in decibels [dB] in reference to 1 μPa) of 190 dB. When the system was on, the density of fish near the JAF intake decreased by as much as 96% and the number of alewives impinged on the intake screens at JAF decreased by as much as 87%. The system was effective during both day and night, and its range was greater than 80 m.


In this paper, a tool has implemented to analyze CPU core activity ratio, CPU usage per time, CPU usage for application process, CPU usage for background process, and task migration ratio. With this tool, detailed analysis can be possible. As a result of the analysis, it is clear that Android platform and applications need to be fixed to use multi-core more efficiently.


Abstract Two types of Polish local cold-blooded horses – Sztumski and Sokólski, covered by genetic resources conservation programs, were analyzed for founder's contribution, genetic structure and inbreeding. In both populations, created in the early twentieth century, were used the same stallions, mainly Ardennes, Belgians and Bretons. The aim of the study was to analyze the genetic variability of Sztumski and Sokólski cold-blooded horses, using pedigree information. The reference population contained 2359 horses: 1129 Sztumski and 1230 Sokólski included in conservation programs in 2014. The data set consisted of a total of 12,821 ancestor pedigrees. The results showed that in the analyzed population the number of founders was 1139 for Sztumski and 1118 for Sokólski horses; effective population size and effective number of founders were 688.8; 156.9 and 704.5; 111.4, respectively. The mean coefficient of inbreeding was 1.54 for Sztumski and 1.56 for Sokólski horses. In the gene pool the most important contribution was of Ardennes horses (43.67% in Sztumski and 46.82% in Sokólski horses), followed by Belgian horses (18.32% and 9.3%, respectively). The most important ancestors in both populations were Ardennes sires Roll-tan 699 and Gustaw 2807, and German cold-blooded sires Elbgang 1504 and Bär.


We have measured Lick index equivalent widths to derive luminosity weighted stellar ages and metallicities for thin- and thick-disk-dominated regions of nine edge-on disk galaxies with the ARC 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory. In all cases, the thick disks are confirmed to be old stellar populations, with typical ages between 4 and 10 Gyr. The thin disks are uniformly younger than the thick disks, and show strong radial age gradients, with the outer regions of the disks being younger than 1 Gyr. We do not detect any significant metallicity differences or α-element enhancement in the thick-disk stars compared to the thin disk, due to the insensitivity of the Lick indices to these differences at low metallicity. We compare these results to thick disks measured in other systems and to predictions from thick-disk formation models.


In clinical applications of super-resolution ultrasound imaging, the complete reconstruction of the microvasculature will not be feasible due to several limiting factors such as measurement times, concentrations of microbubbles, or motion artefacts. Therefore, it is of interest to estimate the degree of reconstruction in order to establish reasonable measurement protocols and to derive meaningful morphological and perfusion parameters. Here, we show that the filling of the voxels with the detected microbubbles (i.e. the reconstruction), can be well modeled with a zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) process. For the first time – to our knowledge – we derived a closed-form solution for the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the relevant parameters of a ZIP process. From these parameters, the degree of reconstruction can be assessed from the ratio of the number of filled voxels to the number of voxels that are expected to be filled after infinite time.We show, that in preclinical and clinical measurements a degree of reconstruction between 38% and 74% was achieved. We also demonstrate that reliable estimates can be achieved earlier with the MLE than with the least-squares fit to the data as previously proposed. Additionally, the MLE is very easy to implement as the counts observed at the end of the measurement period provide all necessary data for parameter estimation.


Objective To assess the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) i-gel used in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 21-64 yr, weighing 4590 kg, undergoing elective laparoscopic gynecological surgery, were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 30 each):LMA i-gel group (group Ⅰ) and LMA Supreme group (group S) . Mallampatti test was performed before operation in both groups. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of propofol (target plasma concentration 2.5-4.0 μg/ml) and remifentanil (target plasma concentration 3-6 ng/ml) . After the patients lost consciousness, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given to facilitate the LMA insertion. LMA i-gel and LMA Supreme were inserted in I and S groups respectively. A gastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of the LMA. In group S the air was injected into the cuff to make intracuff pressure reach 60 cm H2O after successful LMA insertion. The LMA placement time, the number of attempts of LMA insertion, the number of attempts of gastric tube placement, the airway sealing pressure, the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation, and complications (sore throat, odynopliagia,hoarseness) were recorded. The fiberoptic laryngoscopy scores were assessed after successful LMA placement. The anesthesia time and recovery time were also recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the anesthesia time, recovery time, LMA placement time, fiberoptic bronchoscopy scores and the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation between the two group. The success rates of LMA and gastric tube placement were 100% in both groups. The airway sealing pressure was significantly higher, while the incidence of sore throat and odynopliagia was significantly lower in group I than in group S. Conclusion LMA i-gel provides adequate ventilation during operation with fewer complications and can be used effectively for gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Key words:
Laryngeal mask;  Respiration,artificial; Laparoscopy


An efficient method for the treatment of floating potentials, associated with the finite element method and applied to various electromagnetic problems, i.e. electrostatics, electrokinetics, magnetostatics and magneto-thermal coupling, is presented. A key feature of the method is that it leads to naturally define global flux quantities associated with floating potentials. Advantages are numerous, e.g. local and global quantities are coherently coupled within the finite element model and the matrix of the system remains symmetrical.


Item contains two files: 1) Development code. 256 pp. Adopted March 21, 2005. Captured December 19, 2005; 2) Zoning code map. 1 page. Revised May, 2006. Captured July 16, 2009.


Background: Prelicensure nursing programs often hire clinical experts who are novice educators to teach integration of nursing clinical judgment within the context of patient care experiences. Purpose: To describe practices of schools of nursing to onboard, orient, and mentor newly hired faculty. Methods: Faculty (n = 174) and leaders (n = 51) replied to an online survey. Results: The majority (81.63%) of leaders hire novice nurse educators; 58.14% require a minimum bachelor of science in nursing degree; 54.72% have an orientation plan consisting of a mean of 13.86 hours, which was mostly asynchronous learning. Of the 77.08% of leaders with an onboarding plan, 84.13% assign a preceptor; 51.35% of them are compensated. Conclusions: Most schools of nursing hire experienced clinical nurses who are novice nurse educators, without organizational structures to support acquisition of teaching expertise. Academic institutions are called on to support clinical nurse educator professional development. Evidence is needed to design effective and fiscally pragmatic onboarding programs based on the certified nurse educator competencies.


The present invention relates to a vehicle electric compressor. In the present invention, the rotating shaft 130, the rotor (112b) to be hot press-fit, the axis of rotation (130) of the outer diameter (R1) and the rotor (112b), the amount of interference (R1-R2, which is defined as the difference between the inner diameter (R2) of ) has a value greater than the (R1 × 0.01%). According to the present invention improves the product assemblability by properly setting the relationship between the outer diameter of the rotating shaft and the rotor bore while still has the advantage increasing the product reliability, so as to firmly hold the assembled state thereof.


We consider the complexity of counting weighted graph homomorphisms defined by a symmetric matrix $A$. Each symmetric matrix $A$ defines a graph homomorphism function $Z_A(\cdot)$, also known as the partition function. Dyer and Greenhill [10] established a complexity dichotomy of $Z_A(\cdot)$ for symmetric $\{0, 1\}$-matrices $A$, and they further proved that its #P-hardness part also holds for bounded degree graphs. Bulatov and Grohe [4] extended the Dyer-Greenhill dichotomy to nonnegative symmetric matrices $A$. However, their hardness proof requires graphs of arbitrarily large degree, and whether the bounded degree part of the Dyer-Greenhill dichotomy can be extended has been an open problem for 15 years. We resolve this open problem and prove that for nonnegative symmetric $A$, either $Z_A(G)$ is in polynomial time for all graphs $G$, or it is #P-hard for bounded degree (and simple) graphs $G$. We further extend the complexity dichotomy to include nonnegative vertex weights. Additionally, we prove that the #P-hardness part of the dichotomy by Goldberg et al. [12] for $Z_A(\cdot)$ also holds for simple graphs, where $A$ is any real symmetric matrix.


This paper investigates the tendency of the foreign trade of the andalusian region with input- output methodology. Two objectives are pursued: firstly, the quantification and description of the trade, and secondly the detailed assessment of the highlighted results. one important conclusion could be exposed. The foreign dependence has been increasing as a consequence of growth of intermediate imports and decrease of the andalusian exports. The structural descomposition technique is used to discover which the cause of that is, and the import multipliers are studied to conclude that the most significant changes are found in the direct import coefficients matrix.


Over the last few decades, interaction and collaboration with stakeholders and communities in the design and development of our environment have become integral parts of landscape architecture practice. This article explores the position of this kind of designing in postgraduate landscape architecture education in Europe. An analysis of the international master's curricula in landscape architecture of 29 universities across Europe shows there is some attention paid to participatory, collaborative, and transdisciplinary design in several, but not all programs. However, participatory, collaborative, and transdisciplinary design is an important topic in the current discourse amongst landscape architecture scholars. This may indicate an increase in attention to the topic in European landscape architecture education curricula in the (near) future.


The construction branch is one of the important branches for achieving the economy of the country. So, it is obligatory to find out a competent contractor among all, for the successful completion of the work. Construction bidding is the process of offering a proposal to undertake a construction project. And it is one of the methods for the selection of a contractor. Bidding strategies vary from contractor to contractor and each contractor has a different view of the factors affecting their bid decisions. This study aims to find an effective strategy for the selection of competent contractors and bid evaluation. There are many factors that influence the bidding strategy. These factors influence depend on the situation when the research is done.


Background The nature and rate of gastric mucosal (GM) damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) remain to be among the unsolved problems. Objective To define the role of H. pylori and drugs in the development of GM damages in SLE and APS. Methods A study was conducted on 85 patients with SLE and APS. All the patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with targeted biopsy of the mucosa of the gastric body and antrum. The presence of H. pylori in the gastric biopsy specimens was determined using polymerase chain reaction. Results Endoscopic examination revealed that the patients with SLE and APS on admission had the following GM changes: antral gastritis (82.4%), erosions (24.7%), hemorrhages (8.2%), and pangastritis (8.2%). SLE and APS patients showed no direct correlation between the found GM damages and the presence of H. pylori. The use of glucocorticoid, low-dose acetylsalicylic acid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and anticoagulant in SLE and APS patients is accompanied by GM damage. Conclusion There was no evidence of the role of H. pylori in GM damage in the SLE and APS patients. More frequent detection of H. pylori was observed in anticoagulants or low-dose acetylsalicylic acid users than in glucocorticoids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ones.


We consider the existence of positive solutions of one-dimensional prescribed mean curvature equation , , , , where is a parameter, and is continuous. Further, when satisfies , , we obtain the exact number of positive solutions. The main results are based upon quadrature method.


Practical knowledge is the core of teachers'quality, which determines and guides teachers'action in practice. Practicality and individualization are the intrinsic attributes of teachers'practical knowledge and other characteristics such as being situational, being tacit, being generative, being integral are derived from the intrinsic attributes. In addition, teachers'practical knowledge carries notable educational ethics and shows certain bodily tendency.


Investigations are proposed involving an experimental and theoretical program designed to investigate various properties of the structure of helium both in its atomic form and in the aggregates of the liquid and solid states. The key to the possibilities of performing the experiments lies in the relatively weak electric fields existing in liquid and solid helium and the possibility of producing external fields almost comparable with the internal fields. It is proposed to examine a) the melting pressure curve for helium as a function of electric field b) the dielectric constant of helium as a function of pressure and electric field c) in future, the effect of electric fields on the lambda transition. From the results of these experiments one would expect to be able to gather at least corroborative evidence on a) the crystal structure of solid helium on b) the effect of the Van der Waal interaction of the electric polarizability of helium, c) the possibility of producing helium molecules d) the effective volume available to helium atoms in the liquid and possibly e) the effect of particle interactions on the Bose-Einstein condensation.


Installation of the kicker magnets in the extraction section of the RCS in J-PARC facility had been completed. They succeeded to extract the proton beams accelerated up to 3GeV in the first beam test in October in 2007. The operation parameters of the kickers agreed well with the parameters which were estimated from the magnetic field measurement and the current test of the each power supply. The stability of the power supply have been about ±0.2 % which is enough small to extract the beam stably. The rise time and jitter of the output current largely depends on the individual characteristic of each thyratron. They have been kept within the required value by adjusting the reservoir voltage at regular interval. The beam based measurement of the flattop of the kicker magnetic field was performed. Although the ringing structure which was measured by the search coil was also observed by the beam based measurement, the degree of the flattop distortion was able to be corrected by the timing adjustment of the output current.


Introduction: The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains poorly understood. As patients with ILD often have severe underlying lung parenchymal involvement, and immunosuppressive therapy is common in this population, they are presumed to be at high risk for severe COVID-19 pneumonitis. We investigated clinical differences between those with ILD who tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus compared to those with ILD who did not, and explored the relationship with use of immunosuppressive therapy. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we identified patients evaluated at the University of Chicagoin 2020 who were enrolled in the ILD registry, and stratified by SARS-CoV-2 seropositive status. We then compared baseline clinical characteristics between SARSCoV- 2 seropositive and SARS-CoV-2 seronegative patients and assessed immunosuppressive therapy at time of COVID diagnosis. C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte subsets were evaluated at COVID diagnosis compared to time of baseline ILD evaluation. Variable comparisons were determined by two-sided t-tests, or chi-square tests as appropriate, and logistic regression models were fitted to assess the odds of death from COVID-19 using generalized linear models with maximum-likelihood estimation.Results: 309 subjects with ILD were included in this analysis, of which 21 patients had a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (6.8%). Patients with SARS-CoV-2 were younger (55 yrs vs. 66 yrs;P=0.006) , had similar baseline leukocyte counts (9.4 vs 8.6;P=0.569) and demonstrated a trend towards a lower CRP (4.9 vs9.3;P=0.068) when compared to those without. Subjects with SARS-CoV-2 and ILD were more likely to have a diagnosis of autoimmune related-ILD (CTD-ILD or IPAF) (71% vs 39%;P=0.004), higher baseline lymphocyte fraction of circulating leukocytes (29% vs. 21%;P=0.025);greater prevalence of honeycomb fibrosis (43 vs. 21%;P=0.044), and were more frequently hypoxemic [SpO2<92%] (20% vs. 4%;P=0.009) at ILD diagnosis. The majority (62%) of patients with SARS-CoV-2 virus were on immunosuppressive therapy at time of diagnosis. Although, CRP titers were higher at diagnosis of COVID pneumonitis than at ILD diagnosis (52mg/L vs. 5mg/L;P=0.006), the lymphocyte fraction of circulating leukocytes did not differ (24% vs 28%;P=0.52)(Fig.1). Further, subjects with ILD and SARS-CoV-2 had higher odds of death than those without SARS-CoV-2 (OR=24, 95% CI-4-152;P<0.001). Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 is prevalent in ILD, and may put those who are younger, with autoimmune ILD, and on immunosuppressive therapy at higher risk. Larger studies are needed to fully explore the relationship between ILD and immunosuppressive therapy in COVID-19. .


This paper proposes a framework for software implemented, adaptive fault tolerance in a real-time context. It extends previous work in two main ways: by including features that explicitly address the real-time constraints; and by a exible and adaptable control strategy for managing redundancy within application software modules. This redundancy management design is introduced as an intermediate level between the system design (which may itself consist of multiple levels of design) and the low-level, non-redundant application code. Application designers can specify fault tolerance strategies independently for the individual application modules, including adaptive strategies that take into account available resources, deadlines and observed faults. They can use appropriate design notations to notify the scheduling mechanisms regarding the relative importance of tasks, their timing requirements and both their worst case and actual usage of resources. Run-time eeciency can thus be improved while preserving a high degree of predictability of execution.


The rapid development of the oil-extracting industry of Bashkir ASSR during the post-war period is the subject of this article. Petroleum production in the republic reached its peak level (47,85 mln tons) at 1967. Some forms and methods of stimulation of petroleum production (strengthening of oil producing companies by specialists, technological development) and scientific work of technical and engineering employees are covered in this article.


Silicon carbide (SiC) films were prepared by simultaneous irradiation of energetic, isotopical mass-separated 28 Si - and 12 C + ions. Kinetic energies of both ions were 200 eV and deposition temperatures were room temperature, 400 and 600°C. Investigations of the basic film properties such as film composition, impurity, structures, etc. have been undertaken using infrared absorption (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) measurements. Growth temperatures of SiC polycrystalline films under irradiation of ions for film deposition were investigated through the above measurements.


The question whether ethnic diversity is associated with declining social cohesion has produced much controversy. We maintain that more attention must be paid to cognitive mechanisms to move the debate ahead. Using survey data from 938 localities in Germany, France, and the Netherlands, we explore a crucial individual-level mechanism: perceptions of diversity. We not only consider perceptions of the amount, but also of the qualitative nature of diversity. By asking about various qualitative aspects of diversity, we test the cognitive salience of three explanations that have been proposed in the literature for negative diversity effects: out-group biases, asymmetric preferences and coordination problems. We show that all three mechanisms matter. Perceptions both mediate statistical diversity effects, and have important explanatory power of their own. Moreover, we are able to address the question to what extend the relationship of perceived diversity and neighborhood social cohesion varies across policy contexts. Based on assumptions in the literature about positive impacts of inclusive and culturally pluralist immigrant integration policy approaches, we hypothesize that ethno-cultural diversity is less negatively related to neighborhood social cohesion in more inclusive policy contexts. Our results provide partial support for this hypothesis as perceived diversity has a significantly stronger negative impact on neighborhood cohesion in Germany.


martensite and athemalω phase aye also present in the alloy. Afterquenching from the temperatures below the βtransus temperature, the α phase appeaysin the alloy in addition to the phases mentionedabove.


The purpose of this study is to examine whether impairment of financial assets affects the behaviour of equity investors in the insurance industry in Nigeria. Using a sample of 102 firm-year observations drawn from 17 insurance firms, and another sample of insurance firms whose shares traded at more than par value, the study investigated whether share prices are associated with insurance receivables and with other financial assets. Findings show that share prices are not significantly associated with insurance receivables, or with other financial assets. This is possibly because the shares of many insurance firms in Nigeria traded mostly at par value within the sample period-2012 to 2017. Empirical results further reveal that for the sample of firms whose shares traded at more than par value, there is a significant negative relationship between impairment charges of financial assets and market value, suggesting that investors negatively view impairment charges and regard them as evidence of decline in the economic value of organisational assets. Even with the sample of firms whose shares traded at more than par value, there is an insignificant relationship between insurance receivables and market value, suggesting that investors do not regard the impairment of trade receivables as sufficiently reliable to include them in their assessment of firm value. Regulators of the insurance industry must therefore emphasise confidence-boosting strategies such as the merger of weak insurance firms. This will create larger firms with greater capacity and better performance, as well as improve investors' perception of the insurance industry in Nigeria.


ЗУ orget the length of King Edgar's foot, the length from the nose to the tip of the finger, the length of three barley corns laid end to end, the amount of land that can be plowed by a yoke of oxen in one day. Forget, if you have not already done so, the number of square feet in an acre, the difference between a dry quart and a liquid quart, the number of pecks in a bushel, and all the rest of the system of measures that are learned with difficulty and forgotten with the greatest of ease. The legal system of measure in the United States is actually the metric system. It was adopted by an act of Congress in 1866. Children should have been educated


This paper aimed to identify the relationship between satisfaction and continuous usage intention of AT(Accounting Technician) certification program using WBI(Web-Based Instruction) in the digital convergence environment. We extend satisfaction and continuous usage intention, technology acceptance model theory by adding usefulness expectation, program interface, expectation confirmation. This study was examined by using the SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. The results by analysis are as follows. First, usefulness expectation and program interface showed positive effect on the expectation confirmation, usefulness expectation had more significantly effect than the program interface. Second, expectation confirmation had significantly positive effect satisfaction, continuous usage intention. Also expectation confirmation was influenced by continuous usage intention rather than satisfaction. Third, satisfaction had positive sign on the continuous usage intention.


Latency describes the time lapse between a transmitted and received signal. This parameter is crucial issue for high frequency traders associated with financial markets, In today's marketing, highfrequency trading firms pay a premium for a latency advantage as just a few microseconds of delay in receiving trading information relative to a competitor can result in loss of deals with big financial impact.1,2


In order to innovate, we need creative ideas. This project focused on the use of 'heritage product as a source for creative inspirations, thus a strategic approach was develop against the background of Vietnam's handicraft industry. The project is about understanding the current development of heritage product and how it can potentially be develop towards sustainable living. A model towards this approach was devised based on three phases SEEK - IDENTIFY INNOVATE A strategic approach devised based on heritage innovation. It consists of a model and a process as a guidelines used during new product development project. In order to ensure its accessibility, the approach was transformed into a tangible toolkit which consists of three set of tools that act as a supporting material to mediate a session. A set of trend styles forecasted in 2013 are also included to help user with no design background or experience to kick-start their NPD project. This toolkit aims to be a catalyst for Vietnamese producers to innovate based on their heritage product. It also act as a platform to collaborate between designers and non-designers through step by step process that enable them to co-create using the same method. This potentially will increase design awareness and creative capabilities among local producers through experience and share knowledge with professional designers during the session. 'Heritage Product for Future Living' allow people to experience the process of developing new ideas from heritage product. The process nurture design capabilities while generating original ideas with story behind it. The story created an identity as well as build authenticity of the ideas, an outcome that can be used as part of the marketing strategy to promote the end products. The toolkit is design as a medium to facilitate creative session, it can potentially be used in two different scenarios; 'fast and extensive' or 'deep dive experience' which provide and options for users to used the tools according to their available time and resources.


Elsebeth Schri:ider,1 Roman Fasel,2 and Adam Kiejna3 1Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology and Goteborg University, SE-41296 Goteborg, Sweden 2Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA), nanotech@suifaces Laboratory, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland 3/nstitute of Experimental Physics, University of Wroclaw, Plac M. Borna 9, PL-50-204 Wroclmv, Poland (Received 30 June 2003; revised manuscript received 22 January 2004; published 29 March 2004)


Professor Więcek, you have been President for nearly two years now. Are you happy with how the ERA-EDTA has developed? What milestones have been reached? PROF. WIĘCEK: I am very happy with the development of the ERA-EDTA, because considerable progress has been made in many fields. Take the annual congress, for example: the previous ones, and especially the last one in London, were extremely successful, and I am optimistic that this year's Congress in Vienna will be a great success as well. I am not only hinting at the proceeds we generate with congresses, although they are also important for the society, but I am very proud of the growing reputation of our Congresses. The scientific program fulfills highest standards, and we received many compliments and positive feedback over the years. At this point, I would like to thank the Scientific Committee as well as the Paper Selection Committee and all my colleagues in the Council for their hard work. We have managed to improve the quality of the Congress continuously and are now seeing the results. The number of delegates has grown, and more and more delegates from other parts of the world attend – including from Asia (mostly from Japan and South Korea), but also from the U.S.A., Canada and South America. This is something I am especially proud of! Another milestone is the encouraging progress made by our journals, NDT and CKJ. ANDRZEJ WIĘCEK ERA-EDTA President We are heading in the right direction, ERA-EDTA looks forward to new challenges! Interview with the ERA-EDTA President, Professor Andrzej Więcek


Abstract The present paper reviews the results of experimental investigations of the photodoping of amorphous chalcogenides by metals, and in particular by silver. The kinetics of the photodissolution of the metal are described as also is the influence on the photodissolution rate of such factors as the wavelength and intensity of light, the composition and temperature of the semiconductor, and an external electric field. A separate section describes lateral diffusion. The properties of photodoped semiconductors (electrical, optical, photoelectric, etc.) are presented. The results in the literature are analysed, giving answers to such fundamental questions as the following. Where is the actinic light which is efficient for the photodissolution absorbed? Which is the diffusion-limiting step? What is the state of the diffusing species (neutral atoms or ions)? The dissolution of silver induced by electron or ion beams and the photodissolution of group II metals are mentioned. The experimental results are fol...


Jose Angel Garcia Landa Universidad de Zaragoza http://www.garcialanda.net email@example.com Abstract: The Vision of the Temple: Antiecclesiastical Spirituality in The Gospel of Judas and the Battle for Reality The Gospel of Judas from Codex Tchacos (2nd century, pub. 2006) is set in the context of resistance to incipient structures of ecclesiastical power in Christianity, and in the tradition of anticlerical spirituality often associated to political resistance. In this discursive context a battle for reality often takes place: gnostic texts, like the resisting texts of other historical contexts, assume the ideological function of redefining public reality and rejecting the metaphysical assumptions of dominant groups along with the authority of their religious and political institutions. **** Situamos al Evangelio de Judas del codice Tchacos (siglo II, pub. 2006) en el contexto de la resistencia a estructuras incipientes de poder eclesiastico en el Cristianismo, y en la tradicion de la espiritualidad anticlerical a menudo asociada a la resistencia politica. En este contexto discursivo suele


Cardiopulmonary arrest in children is rare. Cardiac arrest as a sudden, primary event is uncommon in the pediatric age group (> Table 263.1). More often, cardiac arrest occurs as a secondary, terminal event precipitated by diverse causes. It occurs following a progressive deterioration of the respiratory or circulatory function leading to respiratory failure with profound hypoxia, acidosis, and tissue hypoperfusion or hemodynamic collapse (> Fig. 263.1). Common etiologies and underlying conditions that predispose children to develop cardiopulmonary arrest are summarized in >Table 263.2. Respiratory failure resulting in hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and acidosis is the most common pathway especially in the very young child. The outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) following cardiac arrest in children is very poor. Survival rate is between 5% and 12%. The reason for this poor outcome following cardiopulmonary arrest in children is multifactorial. In contrast to adults, children have a higher incidence of asystole as the predominant rhythm. In addition, cardiopulmonary arrests in the young child are often unwitnessed, and the initiation of resuscitation efforts may be delayed. Even under the best circumstances, resuscitation of a child who is pulseless and not breathing may not be possible, and the incidence of neurologically damaged survivors post-resuscitation is high. However, patient withwitnessed respiratory arrest or sudden cardiac dysfunction can be easily resuscitated. Furthermore, children with respiratory arrest alone do far better when prompt resuscitation is provided, and most patients remain neurologically intact. Long-term survival in these children is between 42% and 82%.


The 'whose city?' question is acute today. The article is a brief inquiry in the meaning of this question posed by the UK sociologist R. Pahl in the early 1970s and to point out the changes in urban studies during the last decade. His appeal for a cumulative, systematic approach as well as for resistance against futuristically-oriented market research and a dictate of the developers are still valid. A growing social inequality issue is today as important as half-a-century ago. Describing the ontological premises of the concept of modern megalopolises, the following structures and processes should be taken into account: modern megalopolises are the sociobiotechnical systems (the SBT-systems) dependent on the global SBT-system which in turn tightly integrated by the information-communication technologies (IC-technologies); all kinds of them are interconnected by socio-ecological metabolic processes; modern megacities are involved into global geopolitical processes aimed at gaining new resources and political domination, and post-socialist megacities are involved in it; and the struggle between two adversarial trends – globalization/unification and localization/particularization—will continue. Therefore, there is no single 'owner' of such megacities.