The mechanism of neonatally induced transplantation tolerance was studied in two mouse strain combinations involving differences at the D region of the H‐2 complex only or at the same D region plus I‐J subregion (including I‐E, I‐C, S and G regions). In the strain combination with the H‐2D difference only, cells from tolerant mice proliferated markedly in the MLR assay when incubated with antigens tolerated in vivo, whereas the MLR reactions were negative in the combination with D plus I‐J region disparities. In the latter combination cells from tolerant mice also did not respond to third‐party antigens and their incubation with the tolerated antigens led to the suppression of cell proliferation. This non‐specific suppression was absent in cells from tolerant mice in the strain combination, which differed in I‐C, S, G and D alloantigens. Specific suppressor cells, which inhibited the development of cytotoxic cells, were demonstrated in tolerant mice of both strain combinations. The results show that, in addition to the specific suppressor cells induced by H‐2K or H‐2D alloantigens, non‐specific suppressor cells induced by the I‐J region disparity that may regulate the resultant activity against H‐2D (and probably also H‐2K) alloantigens are involved in transplantation tolerance.


On the basis of the Law on Financing Hard Coal Mining dated 28 December 2007, the subsidized German hard coal mining industry will be shut down to the end of the year 2018 in a socially acceptable manner; in 2012 this decision will be reassessed. Even after the abandonment of all mining activities subsequent burdens are inevitable. In this paper, the possible long-term effects resulting from a mining industry history, which is spanning more than 200 years, and their possible consequences are pointed out, in particular in connection with the abandonment of mine water drainage measures which is economically meaningful in the long term. According to the decision situation as it presents itself today, this point in time will be far beyond 2018. However, with the planned shutdown of the subsidized German hard coal mining industry the tasks of mining subsidence engineering will change. 26


Political genius is never without controversy or mystery. This is what makes it so interesting and so rare. So who is Lee Kuan Yew, the celebrated Asian political intellect, foremost exponent of Asian values and nation-builder? Conversations with Lee Kuan Yew, first published in 2010, returns in a new edition that brings the reader up to date with events that have impacted on the former PM's life since the book was first published. With frank and undiluted views, this is a succinct, richly detailed and candid book on Singapore's first prime minister and represents the Asian legend's first extended conversation with a Western journalist.


This paper presents a plastic design method to determine the minimum-weight design that is of a symmetrical three-span-I-beam of given length and is subjected to uniformly distributed load. The beam is symmetrical in cross section, and has an unchanged web of constant height. Flange areas are varied considering only the maximum positive and negative moments; thus, introducing only one restricted number of cutoff points for relatively short span beams is not uncommon since too many cutoff points would increase the cost of welding.


Objective To study antibiotic resistance and resistance genes of pathogenic enterobacteria isolated from flies at Chengdu Shuangliu Airport.Methods Flies cage was used to catch flies,pathogenic enterobacteria was isolated from these flies with MacConkey agar supplemented with cephalothin(20 μg/ml),test antibiotic resistance,ectended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL) and resistant genotypes of these isolated bacteria.Results Pathogenic enterobacteria(n=48) were isolated from flies captured in April 2011 to September 2011,including Escherchia coli(n= 37),Klebsiella pneumoniae(n=6),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n=3),Aeromonas hydriphila(n=2).Resistance test for 48 strains,all resistant to amoxicillin,ticarcillin,cephalothin and cefuroxime,no resistant to meropenem and imipenem.All strains were 8 or more resistant to common antibiotics.Separation of E.coli(n=37) and Klebsiella pneumoniae(n=6) were produced ESBL,cefotaxime resistance rate was 98.1%,ceftazidime resistance rate was 11.5%.ESBL producing strains test resistant genotypes,TEM-type(67.4%) was common type,SHV-type(16.3%) was more common in Klesiella pneumoniae,Super-spectrum β-lactamase(SSBLs) strains that produce the ESBL anf AmpC at the same time was not found.Conclusion The pathogenic enterbacteria isolated from flies at ShuangLiu ariport were multi-drug resistant and carry ESBL resistant gene.


A probabilistic model for radiation transport calculation is presented based on the assumption that the motion of particles can be sampled at predetermined points. Due to the fixed sampling points, the directions of motion of particles are discrete however the energy of particles can be followed continuously. More specifically the transport medium is considered to be filled with cubic lattice and sampling is made at the corner of the cubes. A brief description of Boltzmann transport equation and its connection to the mathematical development of this model is clearly shown. The model and its development is general and has application in many fields associated with radiation transport calculation.


Multi-party communication complexity involves distributed computation of a function over inputs held by multiple distributed players. A key focus of distributed computing research, since the very beginning, has been to tolerate failures. It is thus natural to ask "If we want to compute a certain function in a fault-tolerant way, what will the communication complexity be?" For this question, this article will focus specifically on (i) tolerating node crash failures, and (ii) computing the function over general topologies (instead of, e.g., just cliques). One way to approach this question is to first develop results in a simpler failure-free setting, and then "amend" the results to take into account failures' impact. Whether this approach is effective largely depends on how big a difference failures can make. This article proves that the impact of failures is significant, at least for the Sum aggregate function in general topologies: As our central contribution, we prove that there exists (at least) an exponential gap between the non-fault-tolerant and fault-tolerant communication complexity of Sum. This gap attests that fault-tolerant communication complexity needs to be studied separately from non-fault-tolerant communication complexity, instead of being considered as an "amended" version of the latter. Such exponential gap is not obvious: For some other functions such as the Max aggregate function, the gap is only logarithmic. Part of our results are obtained via a novel reduction from a new two-party problem UnionSizeCP that we introduce. UnionSizeCP comes with a novel cycle promise, which is the key enabler of our reduction. We further prove that this cycle promise and UnionSizeCP likely play a fundamental role in reasoning about fault-tolerant communication complexity.


This research aims to analyze labor inspection in Indonesia in the digital era 4.0. This research method used an evaluative descriptive method. The object of the research was focused on the four labor and transmigration offices of West Java Province. Data is collected through observatied, documentation studied, and in-depth interview. Data analysis used descriptive evaluative techniques, through four stages, namely: data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of the studied found that the number of labor inspectors was considered very limited, the professionalism of labor inspector needed to be improved, the labor inspection mechanism was still conventional, the budget requirements for labor inspection had not been met, the number of violations of labor norms and work accident cases. From the found above, it is necessary to increase the number of labor inspectors, need to upgrade labor inspectors, labor inspection mechanisms used information technology (digital), provide adequate labor inspection budget requirements, and enforce strict labor norms, as well as institutional strengthening through system strengthening labor inspection. Keywords—implementation; labor inspection policy; digital era 4.0


Domino Michael–seleno Pummerer type reaction (additive seleno Pummerer type rearrangement) has been realised by the reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with vinyl selenoxides in the presence of amine and chlorosilane.


Packaging industries should be considering technology that creates a balance between food protections with other issues, including material costs, safety, social and environmental consciousness, and strict regulations on pollutants and disposal of municipal solid waste. The current issues in food packaging seem to focus mainly on general matters, while they are numerous safety, health and environmental impact issues that were not highlighted due to economics reasons. The health impact of packaging materials and chemical are has become more significant as new findings have shown that these chemicals may affect the reproductive system of babies and children and so adults. Some of these chemicals also may cause obesity and exert estrogenic affect s on women. Some of these materials release endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) into food and may exert several endocrine disruption effects and this may cause various adverse health effects. Some example of this materials are phtalates, bisphenol A and polybrominated compounds used in packaging materials. Endocrine disrupting chemicals are exogenous chemicals introduced into biological systems that may cause a derailment of the endocrine system causing the organism to have various hormone related health problems. The EDC exerts their effects in minute quantities and they act by receptor-mediated mechanism.


The contradiction between ships and bridges is becoming increasingly prominent, and ship-bridge collision accidents occur frequently. However, the existing researches focus on the impact force, the bridge will be simplified to a single pier, but the single pier collision model cannot accurately reflect the dynamic behaviors and damage evolution process of collision. In order to solve this problem, a refined barge-whole bridge collision finite element model is established. This model can be used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of barge and whole bridge collision. According to finite element results, the impact force can be divided into four phases: (1) Linear elastic phase, (2) Buckling unstable phase, (3) Plastic deformation phase and (4) Unloading phase. The impact velocity and barge mass change the initial kinetic energy of the barge, which is positively correlated with the peak impact force and the duration of the impact force. Compared with the barge-single pier collision model, the barge-whole bridge collision model is more systematic and comprehensive in reflecting the dynamic behavior of collision. In this paper, the research of barge-bridge collision provides a scientific basic theoretical basis for the design of anti-collision facilities, the proposal of post-collision damage assessment techniques and the development of bridge post-collision warning system.


We provide estimates for the Hölder exponent of solutions to the Beltrami equation ∂f = μ∂f + ν∂f , where the Beltrami coefficients μ, ν satisfy ‖|μ|+ |ν|‖∞ < 1 and I(ν) = 0. Our estimates depend on the arguments of the Beltrami coefficients as well as on their moduli. Furthermore, we exhibit a class of mappings of the "angular stretching" type, on which our estimates are actually attained, and we discuss the main properties of such mappings.


In this paper, we investigate the intra-vehicle multipath channel properties in non-line-of-sight conditions based on field measurements. The test was conducted using a software-defined-radio (SDR) based testbed within a frequency range of 2 GHz to 3 GHz. The results reveals the property of the power delay profile for 49 different testing locations and shows the channel behavior across the passenger and boot compartments of the vehicle investigated. The coherence bandwidth and delay spread of the channel are also shown to vary between 8.7 MHz to 24 MHz and between 50 – 75 ns, respectively. In addition, the dependency of coherence bandwidth and delay spread on distance and location are also analyzed.


Although cartilage and bone are often stained to study development in fishes, collagen forms before either of these tissues during skeletal ontogeny. We describe a new method that combines conventional trypsin clearing of whole-mount specimens with staining of Collagen Type II using antibodies. Specimens were fixed briefly in paraformaldehyde, digested in a trypsin solution, bleached with hydrogen peroxide, permeabilized with Proteinase K, antigen labeled with primary and secondary antibodies, and stored in glycerol. This method makes both cellular and acellular collagen visible under ultraviolet light with limited background staining. Specimens showed no signs of damage from any of the solutions used for staining, but the length of time for fixation appears to be important. This method permits visualization of collagen condensation prior to cartilage formation in endochondral bone and can be used to study evolution of skeletal ontogeny and to develop new skeletal characters for phylogenetic analysis.


This dataset contains the raw data of figure 1-8 in the journal paper: Fermi level tuning of ZnO films through supercycled atomic layer deposition which has been accepted by Nanoscale Research Letter (Springer) on 08/09/2017.


Introduction.High incidence of influenza and other acute respiratory diseases is an important medical and social problem. Coronavirus accounts for 4 to 20 % of ARVI cases. In late 2019, the People's Republic of China experienced an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection with the epicentre in Wuhan. Th e virus spread rapidly across all continents except Antarctica. On 11 March 2020, the spread was declared a pandemic.Materials and methods.The study reports an assay of 72 cases of treating the new coronavirus infection at the Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 8 for the period of 10.04–18.05.2020. Th e average age was 54.1 ± 16.0 years. In all patients, diagnosis was confirmed by PCR-identifi cation of the SARS coronavirus RNA in nasopharyngeal mucosa smears.Results and discussion.Asymptomatic infection was confirmed in 6.9 % of cases. In the most severe clinical cases, the level of pulmonary tissue lesion constituted 10–25 %. Medium-severe symptoms were prevailing (62.5 %) and age-dependent in degree. Chronic morbidity aggravates the course of the disease. Timely treatment of surgical pathologies signifi cantly improves prognosis. Th e new coronavirus infection has high mortality rates (27.8 %).Conclusion.Successful treatment of the new coronavirus infection precludes decompensation of concomitant diseases. Th e new coronavirus infection is hazardous in terms of both contagiosity and mortality rate.


Family-centered early education is essential to the development of infants and young children. In this research, questionnaire surveys and interviews were used to investigate the current situation of family-centered early education (aged 0–3) in urban areas of Chongqing, and chi-square analysis was used to analyze the differences in the development of family-centered early education in cities and towns. The survey found that most parents' awareness of family-centered early education has a tendency to be superficial, the content of family-centered early education is not effective enough and the implementation is not good; the ways of family-centered early education are single and lack scientificity, and their subjective awareness of education responsibility is unclear. And this survey puts forward the popularization of early education knowledge to cultivate a scientific value of child rearing; rational arrangement of family-centered early education content, and provision of appropriate space for children; reshaping family affinity, and being good at positive discipline improvement strategies.


Oxidation of the ethane-bridged dimer of coproporphyrin-I proceeds stereoselectively to produce only the sterically unhindered trans-ethylene-bridged atropisomer, which undergoes thermal isomerisation to give two atropisomers of the cis-dimer.


Advances in experimental techniques for determination of transition moment directions in large molecules call for evaluation of the reliability of angles calculated using the semiempirical SCF-CI PPP method. Two disturbing features are considered: first, the large difference between oscillator strengths calculated by the dipole length and dipole velocity methods; second, the considerable effect of more highly excited configurations on the calculated transition moments and gradients. The two problems can be handled simultaneously if matrix elements of the linear momentum operator are obtained from the resonance integrals, since then the two operators give identical answers using wave functions derived from complete configuration interaction (CI). Numerical investigation on model systems is made of the extent of CI needed for such convergence. For strong transitions, results for polarization directions already reach their limiting values when very limited CI is performed.


Turi (Sesbania grandiflora L) is native to Southeast Asia. This plant is used as a medicinal plant and also a vegetable. Turi (Sesbania grandiflora L) is a plant that is efficacious for the treatment of various diseases such as analgesic, antipyretic, diuretic and laxative. The purpose of this study was to identify the content of secondary metabolites in turi leaf extract extracted with ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane as solvents. This research was conducted in two stages, namely extraction by maceration method using ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane as solvents. And the identification stage of secondary metabolites consisting of identification of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins and flavonoids. The results showed that the positive ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts contained flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and steroids, while the negative n-hexane extract contained secondary metabolites.


Abstract : Time-resolved infrared spectra were recently collected via a Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTS) from the detonation fireballs of two types of conventional military munitions (CMM) as well as uncased TNT and four types of enhanced novel explosives (ENEs). The CMM spectra are dominated by continuum emission, and a single-temperature Planckian distribution, modified for atmospheric attenuation, captures most of the variation in the data. Some evidence of selective emission is identified by systematic patterns in the fit residuals. The behavior of these systematic residuals affords a distinction between the two types of CMMs studied. The uncased TNT and ENE spectra appear strongly influenced by both continuum and selective emission. A physics-based spectral model is developed consisting of seven parameters: size, temperature, particulate absorption coefficient, and gas concentrations for H2O, CO2, CO, and HCl. Fitting affords a high-fidelity representation with features that correlate with HE characteristics. The hydrogen-to-carbon ratio (R) separates the TNT and ENE events and is consistent with stoichiometric expectations. Average values of R are compared with stoichiometry (in parenthesis): TNT 1.13 (0.79); ENE0B 9.2 (21.3); ENE1 4.9 (6.7); ENE2A 4.6 (5.8); ENE2B 6.5 (6.7). Bayesian discrimination boundary between TNT and ENE is R = 1.67 and the mean probability of error is less than 0.3% for this two-class problem. The Fisher ratio is 17.4 and ENE can be distinguished from TNT with 99% detection rate with corresponding false-alarm rate of less than 10-4%.


With the development of the MetalFAB1 system, Dutch startup company Additive Industries took a major step toward the efficient industrial utilization of 3D printing processes. In addition to printing modules, the modular system for additive manufacturing with metallic materials also includes a heat treatment unit and a storage module. This ensures significant increases in productivity, flexibility and repeatability, according to Additive Industries. The end use application options are varied and range from aerospace and the semiconductor industry to the food industry. For drive and control technology, the company places its trust entirely in a PC-based control solution from Beckhoff.


In this paper, shrink process for small MTJs is investigated from the point of scalability. In the shrink process, various nitrogen or oxygen plasma treatments are done after the MTJ (CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB) etching. During this plasma treatment, the sidewall surface of the MTJ is modified, which results in the small electrical MTJ size of around 20 nm.Proposed techniques are scalable and promising for sub-20 nm MTJ generation in high density cache MRAM application.


A high demand for increasing need for bandwidth and data rates has paved way for optical fiber and optical wireless communicatio ns into last mile solutions for optical communications. This dissertation focuses on provid ing a solution to obtain Optical Wireless (OW) for indoor mobile portable devices. A new optical antenna model is proposed for such portable devices. Optical sweepin g in 3D using Acousto Optics Cell Arrays (AOCAs) is proposed. This Opto-electronic me thod provides better coverage area for Line Of Sight optical link establishment and re connection. The proposed method also has superior and precise beam divergence manipulati on capabilities. Its geometry, coverage area and mobility are analyzed. Indoor dim ensions of Height (5m), Width (20m), and Length (20m) are considered. The optical antenna can sweep through the hemispherical shape in the direction of optical bea m focal plane using AOCAs. The link budget analysis is done using commercially availabl e component ratings and the optical power for the entire coverage area of the optical a ntenna is found to be higher than the receiver's minimum sensitivity. The limitations on the nodes such as size and power consumption are studied and the model is designed t o run efficiently on power ratings of the portable device battery. The proposed optical a ntenna can be fabricated in the form of a cube of size 2x2x2 mm. The optical power usage at any given time ranges from 50 mW to 0.5W. The bit error rates from SNR calculations are found to be around 10 -10 at data rates of up to 4 Gbps. The Line of Sight (LOS) conn ection time and reestablishment time ranges from 4 to 7 μs depending on the AOCA process time. VCSEL transceiver optical characteristics are simulated to verify the validit y of the model.


The concentration of bangle (Zingiber cassumunar) ethyl acetate fraction added in the formulation of the temugiring (Curcuma heyneana) extract cream formulation must be determined precisely since it may affect the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value. This research aims to determine the effect of concentration variations of bangle ethyl acetate fraction on the SPF value of the temugiring extract cream. In this research, temugiring extract and bangle extract were obtained by remaceration employing ethanol, while the bangle ethyl acetate fraction was obtained by fractionation using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. The bangle ethyl acetate fraction obtained was formulated in cream formulations of temugiring extract formulas 1, 2, and 3 with variations in the concentration of bangle ethyl acetate fraction 2%; 3%; and 4%. Furthermore, the SPF value was conducted using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. The results show that bangle ethyl acetate fraction concentration variations produced different SPF values for each cream formula. The SPF value for formulas 1, 2, and 3 was 11.466; 12.122; and 17.266. One Way ANOVA test produced a p-value of 0.037. Thus, it can be concluded that the concentration of the bangle ethyl acetate fraction would affect the SPF value in the cream temugiring extract.


Taking reservoir water diverting from Yellow River as raw water,and using 5m3/h of pilot device,the impacts of different bromide concentrations and advanced oxidation ways on bromate generation in effluent of ozone-upward flow BAC-sand filtration technology.Results showed that when bromine ion of raw water was about 100μg/L,and ozone dosage was 2mg/L,bromate exceeding risk existed in the effluent of ozone-upward flow BAC technology,and bromate content in the effluent reached 10μg/L.Moreover,generation amount of bromate had certain linear relationship with bromine ion of influent.Both dosing hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate could effectively inhibit bromate production,and there was no bromate generation in final effluent of the technology.Moreover,it also could improve the removal of major pollutants in the water by the combined process.Compared with advanced oxidation of hydrogen peroxide,potassium permanganate pre-oxidation could better control production costs.


A quantitative analytical method of 70% Metribuzin WP by RP-HPLC was described,using methanol:water =70∶30(V/V) as mobile phase,using Kromasil C18 column at UV detector(230 nm).The results showed that the standard deviation,the coefficient of variation,the average recovery and the liner correlation of method were 0.072、0.10%、99.90% and 0.999 5 respectively.


ABSTRACT Human resource management (HRM) literature offers abundant theories on the ideal HRM practices leading to positive HRM outcomes and, further, to company performance. However, little is known of small and medium enterprise (SME) managers' causal beliefs of HRM. We examine how HRM manifests itself in managerial perceptions concerning the important drivers of firm performance. A causal mapping technique was used to elicit perceptions of 37 CEOs of SMEs. The findings indicate that the role of HRM as a performance driver in managers' causal beliefs varies substantively. The main result of this study is a typology of SME managers' thinking on HRM as performance factor.


EXMEDETOMIDINE (DEX) IS an 2-adrenergic agonistthat is approved by the Food and Drug Administration forshort-term ( 24 hours) sedation in adults and is not approvedfor use in children. The off-label use of DEX in neonates,infants, and children for sedation and myocardialanalgesia in the pediatricintensive care unit Theand as an adjunct to general anestheticagents during surgery has been reported.An effect of DEX that is often desirable during surgery is thedecrease in sympathetic outflow from the brain, resulting indecreases in heart rate and blood pressure. Additional benefitsinclude an opioid-sparing effect and the lack of respiratorydepression associated with DEX. However, there are poten-tially adverse hemodynamic effects of the drug, including bra-dycardia, hypertension, and hypotension. There is a paucity ofpublications describing the use of DEX during cardiac surgery,particularly in pediatric patients.


The crystal structure and molecular structures of the title compound were determined using Xray analysis.The crystal belongs to monoclinic system with the space group P21/c,C21H20N4O2,with Mr=35839,a=12845(3),b=19334(4),c=073112(5)nm,β=9443(3)°,V=18103(4)nm3,Z=4,DC=132Mg·m-3,μ=0088mm-1,and F(000)=752.The final discrepancy factor R1=01508,and S=0942.The result showed that the dihedral angles between the two pyrazolinone rings and phenyl rings were 1267 and 798°,which indicated that these two planes roughly coplanar to each other forming a big conjugate system.


Widespread web access, use of social media, and blogs combined with celebrity endorsed diets provide a noisy background in which evidence based nutrition information has to compete.


Summary Two studies with Lebanese subjects examined Fiedler's style/situational-match logic and the relationship between situational control and students' achievement in high and low least-preferred co-worker (LPC) schools. Findings in the first study refuted Fiedler's contingency logic and indicated a positive relationship between high LPC scores and school outcomes regardless of the favorableness of the situation; low LPC related negatively to school outcomes in favorable and moderately favorable situations. In the second study, findings refuted Fiedler's contention that low LPC principals with a favorable situation are effective and also showed that the situational control variables, task structure, and position power are more important than the leader-member relations in influencing students' achievement, especially outside the school.


Abstract : Microtexture and grain boundary misorientation data were obtained for a 6092 Al-17.5 volume percent SiC particle reinforced material as a function of processing history. Computer aided electron backscatter pattern (EBSP) analysis methods in a scanning electron microscope were used to obtain grain-specific orientation measurements by traversing along a pattern of lines on the surface of a metallographic sample. As part of this project, it was necessary to develop ion milling methods to obtain a sufficiently strain free condition of the aluminum matrix to allow diffraction patterns to be obtained. These methods were applied to samples extruded at various strain rates and processing temperatures; the data revealed that recrystallization had occurred at all processing conditions. Analysis of crystal orientations and grain-to-grain misorientation data revealed random distributions consistent with predictions of the particle-stimulated nucleation theory of recrystallization. Additionally, spacing measurements were taken between orientation measurements, The result of this analysis indicated a very fine matrix micro structure.


This chapter traces how the seemingly united front against the G7 by rising powers and civil society actors broke apart in the early 2010s. While rising power criticism of the G7 waned after the first G20 summits, civil society organizations (CSOs) maintained their critical stance and extended it to the G20. The chapter argues that, from the beginning, contestation by the two sets of actors had focused on different issues. Opposition by rising powers was driven mainly by their own exclusion from the governance club. In contrast, many civil society actors rejected not only the exclusiveness of the G7 on a much more fundamental level but also the idea of liberal macroeconomic coordination as such (policy content). To demonstrate this, the chapter develops a framework for analysis, based on the introductory chapter to this volume. It, then, describes the G7 and its post-Cold War development and analyses the key institutional bones of contention for the BRICS states and for important non-state actors. The analysis shows that rising power governments always had been much closer to business actors and G7 members than to CSOs in their vision for macroeconomic governance. The upgrading of the G20 brought the divergence of positions between the BRICS and CSOs clearly to light as it satisfied the BRICS' desire for inclusion and left CSOs alone with their more fundamental critique of liberal governance through small groups of powerful states.


Abstract Microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) has been applied for extraction of paclitaxel from a cell culture. Solid phase C18 has been used for clean up of the sample obtained from the optimized condition of MAE. The factorial design shows that the temperature and ratio of methanol to water (as an extraction solvent) are effective and extraction time is not an essential parameter for MAE of paclitaxel from the cell culture. Recently, we introduced MAE for extraction of paclitaxel from the needle of Taxus baccata L. Paclitaxel was extracted from the cell culture and the needle of Taxus baccata L, have been purified by heart‐cutting two dimensional high performance liquid chromatography (2D‐HPLC) in analytical and semi‐preparative scales. The columns used in the analytical chromatography were a Eurospher‐100 C8 and Nucleosil‐100 C18, respectively, and paclitaxel was eluted at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1 with 40∶60 v/v and 45∶55 v/v water/acetonitrile, respectively. These conditions used in analytical chromatography, have been extended to a semi‐preparative scale in which the first column was a Eurospher‐100 C8 and the second was a Eurospher‐100 C18, but the mobile phase used consisted of 40∶60 v/v water/acetonitrile eluted at a flow rate of 11 mL min−1. Detection has been carried out at a wavelength of 227 nm throughout the analysis in both methods. The yield and purity of paclitaxel obtained by this method were 89 and 89% for the cell culture and 85 and 83% for the needle of Taxus baccata L., respectively.


In this study we have examined the possible quality standards and methods for applications with service workshops in the forest industry. The purpose of the methods presented here was to start the work of standarardising the maintenance service in the industry and be of use for service providers in their quality effort. The methods we used to accomplish the study were interviews and field visits together with a comprehensive literature research. Our results are presented in the form of four solution proposals: a standard based on existing SIS standards for terminology and key indicators, checklists that are filled in by mechanics with customer participation, the construction of a instructions database, and the implementation of the method 5s. We believe our suggestions can help the service providers in the four problem areas that we have identified: long term strategy, documentation, recruitment of competent technicians, and standard procedures in their operations. These improvements will be beneficial for both the service provider and the customer.


Abstract : Database Tomography (DT) is a textual database analysis system consisting of two major components: 1) algorithms for extracting multi-word phrase frequencies and phrase proximities (physical closeness of the multi-word technical phrases) from any type of large textual database, to augment 2) interpretative capabilities of the expert human analyst. DT was used to obtain technical intelligence from a Wireless LAN (Local Area Network) database derived from the Science Citation Index/ Social Science Citation Index (SCI). Phrase frequency analysis by the technical domain experts provided the pervasive technical themes of the Wireless LAN database, and the phrase proximity analysis provided the relationships among the pervasive technical themes. Bibliometric analysis of the Wireless LAN literature supplemented the DT results with author/journal/institution publication and citation data.


Image fusion is one of the main field of multi-source information fusion. Edge is one of basic features of image, and extracting edges could give a strong support to target recognition. For the edge detection problems, this paper proposes an improved edge detection method based on information fusion. First, through constructing a target function and calculating the differential coefficient of the target function, the mass evaluation of the least target function can be gotten, then the grads matrix of the image is evaluated, and the final edge information can be obtained according to a certain criterion. The algorithm improves the anti-noise quality of edge detection. The experimental result proves the applicability of the method.


Preterm birth and poor pregnancy outcomes have been recognized as public health issues for decades and public health has provided leadership for improving pregnancy outcomes. Preterm birth is the most prevalent among the three major conditions considered to be poor pregnancy outcomes: preterm birth, low birth weight and congenital anomalies. Despite intensive and expensive prevention efforts, the prevalence ofpreterm birth in the United States has increased since the 1980's. Secondary and tertiary prevention efforts have made significant improvements in the intact survival of prematurely born infants, but the numbers ofthese infants have continued to increase. Annual costs of prematurity in the United States are conservatively estimated at $26 billion. Access to and improved utilization of prenatal care has been the focus of prevention efforts of the decades during which the prevalence of prematurity has continued to increase. Far too many women lack adequate health care prior to pregnancy and enter pregnancy witb existing risks for poor outcomes. A change in the focus on care during the reproductive years to preconception and interconception care is needed so that women are in better physical and mental health as they begin pregnancy.


This work was focussed on the recognition of the emission of volatile compounds resulting from the combustion of engineered wood products waste. This kind of waste is broadly used for heating purposes in an unauthorised way, giving rise to unorganised emissions. The recognition of such events is very difficult due to the complexity of the produced gas mixture. We proposed to apply differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS). This is a promising technique in terms of complex gas mixtures measurements. The recognition was based on the measurements of ambient air in the vicinity of the emission source and classification. The ensemble of classification trees was chosen as the classier. The obtained results showed that volatile compounds resulting from the combustion of wood based boards waste produced the distinctive DMS spectra, which could be used as the basis for the effective recognition. We achieved almost 100 % successful recognition of: 1) ambient air which contained volatile compounds resulting from OSB board waste combustion, 2) ambient air which contained volatile compounds resulting from MDF board waste combustion, and 3) ambient air, which was did not contain volatile compounds of this kind. The presented results have a considerable practical value. The DMS spectrometer was successfully applied to recognize wood-based boards waste combustion in field conditions.


The study analyzes the correlation between DNA markers and carcass traits in geese by the random amplified polymorphic DNA technique. The result showed that 14 random primers from 40 were chosen to amplify individual genome DNA in two 56-day-old populations (Sichuan White goose and Tianfu Meat goose). By these 14 primers, the frequence of polymorphic fragments produced was 93.10% for Sichuan White geese and 91.38% for Tianfu geese. Same marker H0307 was found to show significant effect on live weight ,carcass weight and full-eviscerated weight in both populations. And the interaction between markers H0702 and G1402 or between markers H1902 and H1908 was found to prominently affect live weight or wing weight in each populations as well.


Per cent depth doses were measured with LiF in water phantoms exposed to orthovoltage x rays and cobalt 60 radiation. Agreement within ±I per cent was achieved between LiF and ionization chamber measurements of cobalt 60 per cent depth dose. Unsatisfactory results were obtained with LiF measurements of per cent depth dose from orthovoltage x rays.


This paper has been written within the framework of our participation in the MAGEEQ project. Wewould like to thank Mieke Verloo and the MAGEEQ research team for generating such a nice andintellectually challenging environment in the project, which provided us with the incentive to write thispaper and also with ideas for many of the points we developed here. We would also like to thankBernadett Koles and Reka Safrany for their work in the Hungarian team of the MAGEEQ project.


We present an overview of our recent achievements in integration of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors SNSPD with dielectric optical waveguides. We are able to produce complex nanophotonics integrated circuits containing optical elements and photon detector on single chip thus producing a compact integrated platform for quantum optics applications.


This article presents a split time-interleaved (TI) successive-approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with digital background timing-skew mismatch calibration. It divides a TI-SAR ADC into two split parts with the same overall sampling rate but different numbers of TI channels. Benefitting from the proposed split TI topology, the timing-skew calibration convergence speed is fast without any extra analog circuits. The input impedance of the overall TI-ADC remains unchanged, which is essential for the preceding driving stage in a high-speed application. We designed a prototype seven-/eight-way split TI-ADC implemented in 28-nm CMOS. After a digital background timing-skew calibration, it reaches a 54.2-dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) and 67.1-dB spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) with a near Nyquist rate input signal and a 2.5-GHz effective resolution bandwidth (ERBW). Furthermore, the power consumption of ADC core (mismatch calibration off-chip) is 12.2-mW running at 1.6 GS/s, leading to a Walden figure-of-merit (FOM) of 18.2 fJ/conv.-step and a Schreier FOM of 162.4 dB, respectively.


This paper tries to study the present situation of Cochin Port Trust which is one of the major ports in India .The study identifies the poor capability of Cochin Port Trust to respond effectively to change in a business opportunity. This port contributed a lot towards the development of the country and the Kerala state and the state looking forwards the port trust for further development of the state. The detailed study on the various departments of Cochin Port Trust it was identified that the present situation is not favorable for any organization especially the industries which can contribute towards the economic development of the country. The policies of the Central government and the inefficiency in the management created a situation that port is running at a net loss of 86 crores. The present management structure of Cochin Port Trusts will not be able to make a positive change in working atmosphere, Effective utilization of natural resources, and thereby contributing to the issue of unemployment in the country . So the industrials training report proposing a change in organizational structure of Cochin Port Trust. For the further development of the port it is very important that the employees of the Cochin port should come forward and should offer their maximum effort, which they are not doing at the present situation. After a detailed study on Dry dock workshop of Cochin Port trust it is identified that this department can contribute to the revenue of Cochin Port Trust. Presence of ICTT Vallarpadam, the Central Government is planning waive the cabotage rule for ICTT Vallarpadam, the proposed Vihinjam Port is the some open opportunity in front of the port trust. This offers a scope of ship repairing hub in Cochin Port Trust with business collaboration with Cochin Shipyard.


PURPOSE: An implementation of a multi-function USB(Universal Serial Bus) complex device for presentation is provided to store presentation data, make the presenter use the device as a wireless microphone, and help the presenter efficiently advance the presentation without a helper through a wireless mouse/keyboard function. CONSTITUTION: A transmitter includes a laser module(31) making a laser pointer irradiate a laser beam by a laser button, and a wireless microphone module converting a voice into an RF(Radio Frequency) signal and transmitting the RF signal. The transmitter includes a function for converting a code of each button(20-24) into the RF signal by a microcontroller(30) receiving the function button information from a human interface device and transmitting the RF signal. A receiver comprises an RF receiver converting the RF signal received from the transmitter into digital data, and a firmware having the function for realizing the human interface device, reading/writing the data to a flash memory, outputting the voice to a speaker by extracting a wireless microphone signal, outputting/storing voice data to a PC through an USB port, and interfacing with the PC through the USB port.


The purpose of this review is to attempt a general introduction to pulsed carbon dioxide lasers of the kind used or proposed for laser radar applications. There is a strong bias towards understanding those features of operation which impact strongly on gas lifetime issues, and so a decision has been made to omit mention of the theory of laser beams and resonators and the diffraction optics used to describe them. Nevertheless, laser physics is an excellent example of a cross-disciplinary topic, and the molecular spectroscopy, energy transfer, and plasma kinetics of the devices will be explored.


Many women are confronted each day with the problem of trying to reconcile their employment and family commitments. The ongoing discussion of this problem shows that satisfactory solutions have not yet been discovered. A period of leave from paid employment on the birth of a child has for many years been portrayed as a means to resolve this dilemma. Using longitudinal methods and a life-course approach, this book examines how changing leave regulations and occupational opportunity structures have affected when, where and how long women in Germany work. Policy makers' continued failure to address the underlying issue of the division of paid and care work between women and men as social groups has cemented traditional gender relations and not solved the problem of reconciliation.


This paper proposes an integrated method for the blind separation and dereverberation of convolutive audio mixtures. The proposed method is based on multichannel blind deconvolution in the frequency domain. Significant points to be emphasized are as follows: (1) The objective function for optimizing the deconvolution system is derived based on a time-varying all-pole model of source signals, which was proven to be effective for single source dereverberation. This provides the proposed method with the capacity for both separation and dereverberation. (2) An efficient optimization algorithm is developed. This algorithm is realized by decomposing the deconvolution system into an instantaneous separation part and a multichannel auto-regressive part. Illustrative experimental results with an RT60 of 0.6 seconds are reported, where the proposed method showed superiority over a conventional frequency-domain blind separation method.


OBJECTIVE: To determine predictors of fistula repair outcomes 3 months postsurgery. METHODS: We conducted a multicountry prospective cohort study between 2007 and 2010. Outcomes, measured 3 months postsurgery, included fistula closure and residual incontinence in women with a closed fistula. Potential predictors included patient and fistula characteristics and context of repair. Multivariable generalized estimating equation models were used to generate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Women who returned for follow-up 3-month postsurgery were included in predictors of closure analyses (n=1,274). Small bladder size (adjusted RR 1.57, 95% CI 1.39–1.79), prior repair (adjusted RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.11–1.76), severe vaginal scarring (adjusted RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.20–2.04), partial urethral involvement (adjusted RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11–1.66), and complete urethral destruction or circumferential defect (adjusted RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.33–2.23) predicted failed fistula closure. Women with a closed fistula at 3-month follow-up were included in predictors of residual incontinence analyses (n=1,041). Prior repair (adjusted RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.13–1.65), severe vaginal scarring (adjusted RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.10–1.67), partial urethral involvement (adjusted RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.27–2.48), and complete urethral destruction or circumferential defect (adjusted RR 2.06, 95% CI 1.51–2.81) were significantly associated with residual incontinence. CONCLUSION: The prognosis for genital fistula closure is related to preoperative bladder size, previous repair, vaginal scarring, and urethral involvement. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II


Introduction: In spite on a lot of work done by nongovernmental organizations of men having sex with men (MSM) with the collaboration of Nepal government there is high prevalence of unprotected anal sex with a high incidence of sexual partner change. The purpose of this study was to explore knowledge about Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission, behavior and self-perception about risk of getting HIV among men having sex with men in Kathmandu Valley. Methods: This is cross-sectional explorative study. Study was carried out between July 2010 and December 2010 in 97 men having sex with men in Kathmandu Valley using snow balling sampling technique. The verbal consent was taken and the respondents were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Results: Although overall knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS and Sexual transmitted Infections (STI) is high some misconception about way of transmission is present. Majority of respondents still practiced unsafe sexual behaviors, which included multiple sex partners, irregular use of condom, frequent and regular anal sex, sex in exchange of money. More than half of them considered that they had little risk of getting HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: Sexual behavior of men having sex with men needs to be further addressed in order to promote safer and responsible sexual behavior. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i2.9043 Journal of Institute of Medicine August, 2012; 34:2 4-9


This paper concerns with the design consideration, fabrication process, and performance of a CPW monolithic AlGaAs/InGaAs HJFET switch for V-band wireless networks applications. The Switch utilizes a resonance concept in order to either pass, or to block a signal by presenting, respectively, a parallel, or a series resonant circuit to the signal. A developed T/R switch exhibits state-of the art switching-speed and isolation of 250psec and 41dB, respectively, and an insertion loss of 3.9dB ovr V-band frequencies.


Spatial hierarchy is an appealing strategy for image analysis, but standard hierarchical methods give increasingly sparse, position dependent results with increasing level. This paper endows simple hierarchical techniqueswith positioninvariance by an architectural extension, broadening their scope with no increase in algorithmic complexity. The tree structure is extended intoan exhaustive hierarchy containinga node at every image location at every level. This maps straightforwardly to existing parallel computers; one pass takes time on a hypercube and time on a mesh, for an image. We present novel algorithms for labeling connected components; detecting line features robustly; and computing distance transforms. The algorithms are exceedingly simple, usually optimal, and involve a minimum of storage and communication per node.


Long range ultrasonic guided wave inspection is advancing rapidly and is quite commonplace today. Benefits of using longitudinal or torsional modes are being established in special circumstances of improved sensitivity, resolution, or penetration power. The possibility of inspection under insulation, coatings, or with water filled pipes or around elbows is possible. Detection of defects beyond a pipe elbow is difficult for axisymmetric wave impingement onto the elbow. For nonaxisymmetric input to the elbow region, however, via partial loading around the circumference, natural focusing occurs because of angular profile variation around the circumference of the pipe. Sample computations of possible angular profiles are illustrated. An experiment is also reported here to demonstrate this inspection process.


This paper presents simple but powerful combination methods of dedicated one-class classifiers (OCCs) for efficient remote sensing image classification. The mean and product combination rules are applied to the probabilistic outputs generated by OCCs, and the performance is illustrated in a urban monitoring application in which multi-sensor (optical and SAR) data and multi-source (spectral and contextual) features are available. Two OCCs are used as core parts: the classical mixture of Gaussians (MoG) and the support vector domain description (SVDD) classifier. The obtained results by combining SVDD classifier outputs show a clear improvement in the accuracy, and more robustness to high dimensional samples compared to both MoG and stacked approaches.


An alternative, and possibly more memorable, way of converting between Fahrenheit and Celsius temperatures exists. It is based not upon the boiling point of water, but upon the fact that both scales read the same temperature at −40°.


The predatory effect of two species of Chrysoperla [Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and C. rufilabris (Burmeister)] was evaluated against citrus thrips, Scritothrips citric (Moulton), at the Three Flags Mango Ranch near Salton City, California, U.S.A. For both species the early release of 50 larvae/tree failed to cause any reduction in thrips number but treatment of 100 and 200 larvae/tree for both species and 1,000 eggs of C. rufilabris resulted in significantly lower thrips numbers for 1-2 post release samples.


The computational cost of inspiral and merger simulations for black-hole binaries increases in inverse proportion to the square of the mass ratio q := m 2 /m 1 ≤ 1. One factor of q comes from the number of orbital cycles, which is proportional to 1 /q , and another is associated with the required number of time steps per orbit, constrained (via the Courant-Friedrich-Lewy condition) by the need to resolve the two disparate length scales. This problematic scaling makes simulations progressively less tractable at smaller q . Here we propose and explore a method for alleviating the scale disparity in simulations with mass ratios in the intermediate astrophysical range (10 − 4 (cid:46) q (cid:46) 10 − 2 ), where purely perturbative methods may not be adequate. A region of radius much larger than m 2 around the smaller object is excised from the numerical domain, and replaced with an analytical model approximating a tidally deformed black hole. The analytical model involves certain a priori unknown parameters, associated with unknown bits of physics together with gauge-adjustment terms; these are dynamically determined by matching to the numerical solution outside the excision region. In this paper we develop the basic idea and apply it to a toy model of a scalar charge in a circular geodesic orbit around a Schwarzschild black hole, solving for the massless Klein-Gordon field in a 1+1D framework. Our main goal here is to explore the utility and properties of different matching strategies, and to this end we develop two independent implementations, a finite-difference one and a spectral one. We discuss the extension of our method to a full 3D numerical evolution and to gravity.


Rwanda is poised for developing a shared agent network. This can be piloted with newly formed regional savings and credit cooperative societies (SACCOS). Some banks seem ready to embark on branchless banking strategies. They can benefit from technical support to refine these strategies and further design innovative products. This report summarizes the non-confidential findings that were obtained by International Finance Corporation (IFC) during the scoping mission. It provides a brief perspective on regulations, financial market, telecom market, and mobile financial service implementations.


We consider the e ffect of Compton scattering by a Thomson-thick, low-temperat ure, plasma cloud surrounding the compact object in the binary system Cy g X-3 on its X-ray energy and power spectra. The presence of such a cloud was earlier infer ed from the energy-independent orbital modulation of the X-ray flux and the lack of high frequ encies in its power spectra. Here, we consider the e ff ct of Compton downscattering by the cloud on the X-ray spect ra, concentrating on the hard spectral state. The process reduc es the energy of the high-energy break/cutoff in the spectra, which allows to determine the Thomson optica l depth. This, in turn, allows determining the size of the plasma from the obse rved cutoff in the power spectrum, which we find to be∼ (2–3)× 109 cm. At this size, the cloud will be in thermal equilibrium in the photon field of the X-ray source only, which yields the plasma temperature of ≃ 3 keV. At this temperature, the Thomson optical depth implied by the X-ray spectrum is∼ 6. The physical origin of the cloud is likely to be collision of t he very strong stellar wind of the companion Wolf-Rayet star with a small accretion disc forme d by the wind accretion.


The low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are error correction codes that are used today in various types of communication channels. These codes are an attractive field of research in the coding theory as well as in numerous practical applications, because of their ability to perform quick decoding algorithms. This paper will consider the irregular ACE constrained LDPC codes over magnetic recording channel that uses E 2 PR4 one-track one-head model. The proposed ACE algorithm for construction of the LDPC codes ensures that short cycles contain at least a given minimum number of " extrinsic paths " , leading to an increase in the minimum size of stopping sets. This approach provides an improvement of LDPC error-floor and decoding performance. 1. INTRODUCTION The low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a special class of linear block codes [1]-[2], which parity-check matrix H has a low density of ones, in other words it is sparse. This feature enables low complexity decoding and leads to a simpler implementation. Also, these codes provide a performance which is very close to the Shannon limit, on AWGN channel [1]. The LDPC codes that are constructed by generalized approximate cycle extrinsic message degree (ACE) constrained design algorithm [2], belongs to a class of irregular LDPC codes. Generalized ACE constrained algorithm is a simple, but powerful heuristic design algorithm which produces LDPC code graphs with larger minimal stopping sets on average [4], compared with the random construction. In several earlier published articles, the LDPC codes proves as quite valuable in combination with maximum-transition-run (MTR) codes [5], where LDPC acts as an outer code and MTR as inner code, over E


HPLC-HRMS method for detection of Furanoylfentanyl and its metabolites in the urine is developed. For this it is proposed the implementation of an approach using targeted searches for finding the most probable metabolites, basing on their calculated exact mass and fragmentation regularities. HRMS spectrum of Furanoylfentanyl and its metabolites are obtained.


Extant literature has largely not examined how users critically engage with their physical activity monitors, as objective data sense-making is often deemed superior to users' subjective realities. Our research, however, examines how middle-school youth encounter the representation of their data, as it is converted and actionable in an online game. This ethnographic study illustrates how youth negotiate conflicts between their data and embodied experience. Using a grounded theory approach, our analysis of interviews and focus groups reveals emergent categories of resistance such as youth evaluating the incompatibility of the device, disputing the device's step-count accuracy and syncing, and disputing the game's conversion of steps. In particular, we highlight the ways youth sometimes privileged their embodied recollections over the device's seemingly accurate data. The article also provides a case of a day during implementation when youth converged on a single form of resistance, game conversion, and examines their reasoning and alternate forms of data validation that we saw in-action on that day. Finally, we discuss benefits to learning and critical engagement that result from users' disputes and conclude by positing the promise in designing physical activity monitors for engagement, instead of exclusively persuasion or reward.


A brief, historical review of the study of the interdependency between politics and economic distribution is offered. While the impact of economic interests on politics has been acknowledged for thousands of years, and the impact of politics on distribution for hundreds, it is only in the last thirty years that formal models of the interdependency between economic distribution and politics have been formulated. A general model of political-economic equilibrium is proposed, in which political competition and economic distribution jointly determine each other. Several examples are given. The author proposes that political economy, conceived of as studying this process of joint determination, is in its infancy.


On the ocean floor, solution of foraminiferal ooze takes place at depths considerably above the CaCO3 compensation depth. Solution is selective and the common planktonic Foraminifera are dissolved in the following order (least resistant species listed first): Globigerinoides ruber, Orbulina universa, Globigerinella siphonifera, Globigerinoides sacculifer, G. conglobatus, Globigerina bulloides, Globigerinita glutinata, Globorotalia hirsuta, G. truncatulinoides, G. inflata, G. menardii, Globoquadrina dutertrei, Globigerina pachyderma, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Globorotalia crassaformis, Sphaeroidinella dehiscens, and Globorotalia tumida. Selective solution will change the apparent latitudinal origin of a sample toward higher or lower latitudes, depending on the original composition of a sediment assemblage. Solution also will change the aspect of the sample with respect to the original depth habitat of the Foraminifera. This is true especially for morphological variants. Any argument resting on the comparison of living planktonic faunas and their counterparts in the sediment must take these solution effects into account. The selectivity of solution provides a tool with which the relative CaCO3 undersaturation of the ocean water may be measured. In the central Atlantic, the depth at which this undersaturation increases markedly is at about 4,400 m. In the past this depth fluctuated between at least 4,500 and 4,000 m, which reflects the changing thickness of the Antarctic bottom-water layer. Similar studies are possible for the more distant past. The bases for such studies are laboratory experiments establishing the relative solution resistance of the extinct species. End_of_Article - Last_Page 520------------


Using ultrashort laser pulses in a megahertz burst to create a smoothing effect in the ablation of stainless steel for various industrial applications.


Children with cerebral palsy often require multiple, major reconstructive procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether multiple, major surgeries could be performed in a single setting with an acceptable complication rate. The medical records of 94 patients with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy operated on between the dates of 1993 and 1997 were reviewed. Patients were followed for a mean of 44.9±1.92 months. The average number of procedures per surgical session was 3.63±0.09 and the most common procedure performed was osteotomy of the proximal femur. The major complication rate was 24.4%. This institution's experience indicates that performance of multiple major bony procedures in one session is complicated but safe, and can be done with acceptable blood loss, infection rates and recurrence rates in a modern, multidisciplinary setting dedicated to the care of severely disabled children.


Abstract The need for data on composition of food in Arabian Gulf countries, including Bahrain, has been emphasized by health authorites to serve as a tool for nutrition education and to help in planning special diets for therapeutic purposes. An attempt was made here to establish baseline data on composition of foods commonly consumed in Bahrain. Three methods were used to collect such data. First, through literature review, since Bahrain is highly dependent on imported foods, information on the chemical analysis of imported raw and processed foods was derived from their country of origin. Second, direct chemical analysis of composite dishes and ready-made foods was done. Third, recipe calculation was used to obtain mineral and vitamin composition. It can be concluded that for a country like Bahrain where most foods consumed are imported, composition of foods may be obtained from countries which have good food composition data. However, chemical analysis should he done for traditional dishes, ready-made foods, and food imported from countries which have no database on the composition of their foods. Computer programs can produce relevant information on the composition of recipes if the ingredients are carefully measured.


The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has launched a competency movement that is causing a paradigm shift in psychiatric training. Psychiatry, like all medical specialties, is expected to attest to the specific competencies of its graduates.1 In particular, the Residency Review Committee for Psychiatry (RRC) has defined the need for competency in several of the psychotherapies,2 thereby generating, in turn, much discussion about how to develop this set of skills. The American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training (AADPRT) has provided specific guidelines for competency in each type of psychotherapy, including, most controversially, psychodynamic psychotherapy.3 These guidelines state that the competent resident will "demonstrate understanding of the concept of the unconscious" and also of "the multiple and complex meanings" underlying behavior. Toward this end, the resident should be able to establish an alliance with the patient that allows for "an inquiry into the patient's inner life." Finally, the AADPRT guidelines specify that the resident should be able to recognize, utilize, and manage aspects of transference and countertransference, and to "utilize selfreflection to learn about his/her own responses to patients." One of the difficulties of attaining such competence in psychodynamic psychotherapy is that physicians-in-


This article examines the relationship between social justice, education and inequality through an intersectional lens. Emphasising the role of the state, and 'state-thought', in perpetuating inequalities through education, the reflective essay argues that it is not possible to view education only in its role as an agent of social and cultural reproduction. It is equally important to focus on the lived experience of subjects who are either excluded, or go through the educational process, through varied experience based on religion, caste and gender. The role of teachers in this process cannot be underestimated and is at the heart of how children and young adults learn and understand themselves as citizens. Based on secondary material, the article concludes with a plea for recognising the significance of voice and agency for a robust and functioning democracy. It is the task of education to enable the articulation and expression of such agency by building a culture of openness and questioning and empowering teachers and students to have this voice by allowing it to thrive in the prevailing culture of institutions.


Carbon dioxide concentrations in soil both reflect and influence soil biological activity and C flux to the atmosphere, We hypothesized that erosion affects CO 2 concentration and C flux from the soil surface because of its effects on soil temperature and water regimes. The soil air concentrations of CO 2 and corresponding temperature and water contents were monitored on slight (SLI), moderate (MOD), severe (SEV), and depositional (DEP) phases at 2-wk intervals between May 1996 and June 1997. The ambient soil CO 2 concentration and CO 2 -C flux were determined using gas chromatograph analyses. Seasonal patterns in soil air CO 2 concentrations (ranging from a winter low of 0.56 mL L -1 to a summer high of 20.90 mL L -1 ) predominated over more subtle differences (20-80% variation) due to erosion phase effects. Significantly greater (by 12-37%) CO 2 concentrations for SEV and MOD phases over SLI and DEP were observed mainly during the summer. The effects of the erosion phase on soil CO 2 concentrations appeared to be indirect through its impacts primarily on soil temperature and, presumably, soil biological activity. Soil air CO 2 concentrations were significantly correlated with soil temperature (R 2 = 0.61) and CO 2 -C (R 2 = 0.65) flux from the soil surface but not with soil water content. Both linear and second-order polynomial regression equations using soil temperature predicted soil CO 2 concentration.


. In this article we introduce a new method, which we call a mutation-sunflower method, for calculating max-eigenvectors of a nonnegative irreducible n × n matrix A . Our method works in the general irreducible case, but it is in comparison with existing methods most effective for some special classes of matrices for example for sparse enough matrices. Our method reduces to solving max-eigenproblems for simple mutation-sunflower matrices that have exactly one positive entry in each row. We include some instructive examples.


Background: In the modern society, technology has
contributed to create physical comfort in the life and
simultaneously, there is alteration in dietary habits of
youngsters. This has affected adolescent's health significantly,
leading to hypertension in both urban and rural adolescent
population.
Objectives: Present study aimed to access and compares the
prevalence of hypertension among urban and rural adolescent.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional comparative
study conducted on 300 healthy age matched adolescents, 10-
19 years of age from each of rural and urban school of Jaipur
(Rajasthan). After Institutional Ethical Committee and school
administration approval, a predesigned proforma was filled
having socio-demographic details, personal and family history.
An average blood pressure was calculated by measuring 3
recordings with 5 minutes break through sphygmomanometer.
The blood pressure was classified on percentile bases into prehypertension and hypertension. The data inferred by chisquare and 'p-value' less than 0.05 considered as significant.
Result: The prevalence of hypertension among urban and
rural adolescent of Jaipur was 7.6% and 7%, while prehypertension was 32% and 28%, respectively. The prevalence
of hypertension was high for systolic than diastolic blood
pressure and more in late adolescent than early adolescent
age group which was found significant only for systolic
hypertension (p=0.003).
Conclusion: High prevalence of adolescent's hypertension is
an important risk factor for future consequences of
cardiovascular disease suggesting that there should be change
in lifestyle. The early detection and management of it can
prevent any future disability and mortality.


Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC Ag) is a tumor marker for SCC of the uterine cervix. Recently, serum levels of SCC Ag were noticed to be elevated in patients with benign dermatoses. In this study, we investigated SCC Ag levels in 47 patients with psoriasis to determine whether this Ag is a useful marker of disease activity. Our results demonstrated that patients with pustules, erythroderma and poor control status showed higher serum levels of SCC Ag. A positive correlation of SCC Ag with the percentage of body surface and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score was found. These data suggest that SCC Ag levels may be an indicator of psoriasis activity. Furthermore, the biological roles of SCC Ag in the squamous cells are discussed.


Biomass-based fuels dominated the world energy market until the middle of the 19th century, when coal and other fossil fuels become increasingly popular. Since the 20th century, just over 100 years, mass production and utilization of fossil energy have caused a series of worldwide energy supply and global environmental and climate problems. Hence the use of sustainable energy sources has been attracting research attention over the last several decades. Compared to the use of other sustainable fuel resources, biomass has the advantage of wide availability and it can be developed everywhere in the world as a local fuel resource. Due to a rapid increase of global population and the fast development of urbanization, about 1 billion metric tons of organic solid wastes are annually generated from world cities, causing great challenges on the management of these wastes Lim, 2016. The major negative effect of burning agricultural wastes is the release of carbon dioxide gas (CO2), which is the most important factor of greenhouse gas production by the human. Carbonization of woody or cellulosic wastes to produce biochar which is a charcoal-like product. It has been suggested by several researchers to avoid negative impacts of the direct burning of woody matter. Biochar is resistant to biological decay and hence preserved in the terrestrial systems for the much longer time. For example, woody residues or compost, therefore, the beneficial effects are extend [1,2].


The Indian economy mainly based upon the agriculture and major share of population live in rural areas. It has still many remote places without electricity supply. Researchers and analysts are focusing on local resources available for inhouse power generation. The aim of the paper is to investigate the power potential of agricultural waste such as Soybean, Paddy and Arhar respectively. In this paper, the experimental test is done for calculating the value of calorific value, moisture content, ash content and volatile matter and the net energy content in biomass residue. The results shows net energy content in paddy is higher as compared to other agricultural residue. The power potential for electricity generation and corresponding land requirement are also calculated. Based on results, for soybean, paddy and arhar the land requirement are 3144 hectares, 2040 hectares and 5321 hectares to generate .73 MWh/year. The results are also compared with the coal sample. This comparison reveals much higher power output of agricultural biomass species with less emission of suspended particulate matters.


In this article we would like to deal with a few empirrioal results of socio-structural research in the field of physical culture and sport in the GDR. We base ourselves here on the thesis that the structure of a socialist society is reflected in leisure and recreational pursuits, in children's and young people's sport as well as in competitive sport and all the other spheres of society. This statement finds its full confirmation in a survey conducted with children and youth participating in a winter sports &dquo;spartakiad&dquo; in the German Democratic Republic in the years 1968-1970 and in 1972. In the centre of this complex analysis were also socio-structural problems of the participants in the &dquo;spartakiad&dquo; in correlation with events during training, exercises and competitions. It is generally Mown that the movement t promoting this type of athletic meets in the German Democratic Republic has developed effective and successful forms of sport competitions for children and youth. This movement exerts a remarkable influence on the development of sport activity of young people and brings about the shaping of the principal features of a socialist personality. Simultaneously this movement also promotes the development of top-class performance in sport. A representative sampling was conducted of 473 participants in these &dquo;spartakiads&dquo; in the GDR, the majority of the respondents being at the time the survey took place (1972) between 14 and 18 years old. The social origin breakdown of the participants in these ''spartakiads&dquo;'


In this article, we report the development of manganese oxide (Mn3O4) on carbon nanotube (CNT) hydrogels as binder-free electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitors. The CNT hydrogels consisting of three dimensionally inter-connected nanotubes are prepared via a facile sol–gel method. Afterwards, flower-like Mn3O4 is incorporated into CNT hydrogels using a pulse electrochemical deposition. Satisfactory electrochemical performance with a high specific capacitance of 182 F g−1 (473 mF cm−2) is achieved. When employing activated carbon as negative electrodes, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits a high potential window of 2 V to reach a specific energy of 26.6 W h kg−1 and a specific power of 5.2 kW kg−1. These results are much better compared with the results from pure Mn3O4. The remarkable performance of our composites can be ascribed to a highly conducting CNT micro-scaffold and pseudocapacitive Mn3O4.


European movement regarding increased consumer concern toward food safety and quality as well as health and nutritional aspect of food is present in Croatia as well. Consumer perceptions and attitudes regarding organic food were analyzed on sample of 124 examinees, by means of face-to-face survey. Aim of paper was to create founded marketing strategies, market segments identification, sales channels and promotion activities. Survey was conducted in association with BIOPA (Free working association for organic production) advertisement actions and students of Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek during 2007. The questionnaire included questions regarding consumer behavior (frequency and structure of organic food consumption), consumer attitudes concerning organic food price, purchase motives, reasons which indicate negative reactions on consumers, supply satisfaction, place of purchase suitability, importance of declaration elements and attitudes related to producer (origin). Survey data were statistically analyzed according to PC applications SAS for Winodws, StatSoft Statistica and Excel for determination ANOVA, correlation and multyregresion. 86% of respondents claimed to buy organic food, mostly fruits, vegetables and bread. Respondents expressed their willingness to pay higher price for organic food (15%). Most of respondents (64%) consider organic food prices reasonably higher. Motives for purchasing organic food (health aspect, tastiness, environment concerns and habit) were analyzed using Likert 1-5 scale evaluation. According to respondents' answers, health impact in the most significant motive of purchase (4.45), followed by tastiness (4.38), environment aspect (4.19) and habit (3.13). The same principle was used for determining reasons which indicate negative reactions on consumers. According to that, price (3.65) and availability (3.33) are the most important reasons. Less important are inadequate promotion (2.77), package (2.65) and product appearance (2.51). Most of respondents (61%) think organic food supply is in compliance with demand. 60% of respondents intend to increase organic food purchase (12% in average). Respondents ranked purchase in specialized shops (4.06), directly from farms (4.04) and in green markets (4.02) as the most suitable for organic food. Regarding declaration elements, shelf life (4.37), absence of harmful substances (4.22), functional food elements (4.02) and nutritional value (4.03) are the most important elements. Respondents prefer regional and local producers (4.28 and 4.04, respectively) over foreign producers (2.86). According to survey analysis, future promotional activities should be focused on health aspect, taste and environmental care (the most important purchase motives). Certain attention should be concentrated on price and availability (the reasons which indicate negative reactions on consumers) as well as development of direct sale and specialized shops (the best ranked places of purchase). Moreover, producers should pay certain attention to declaration elements (especially marking shelf life, absence of harmful substances, functional food aspects and nutritional value).


The article provides with the evaluation of the efficiency of the mechanisms of the state support of economical and social development of the indigenous minorities of the North. It summarizes the practice of working out the programmes of these minorities' development and evaluation of quality of their life. The authors suggest taking into consideration the evaluation of the conditions of the indigenous minorities of the North, living in their area, and namely in the territories with a high relative density of the peoples of the North, compactly and dispersibly settled and doing their traditional activities, as indicators of socio-economical condition of the indigenous minorities of the North.


The basic aim of this paper is to identify /investigate financial and non financial rewards that affect the motivation of employees in organizations. The paper also not only discuss that the employee motivation is imperative for the overall organizational performance, but also talks about how to retain a motivated workforce in the organization (what if this study should include a specific industry or region. E.g education field, or any other sector; generalizes study won't have an impact). Motivation factors may be differing from industry to industry and class to class of employees such as high level and low level labor. Design/methodology/procedure: Qualitative as well as quantitative research methodology has been adopted in this paper. The researchers have conducted a survey in Astro films (PVT) situated in Lahore City of Pakistan. A questionnaire was developed to guess the opinion of employees working in these organizations. A semi structured interview was conducted for getting an insight about their motivation. Findings: The researchers have found from the survey that there are different factors that affect the motivation of employees which can be classified into two categories; financial and non financial rewards. Although financial rewards are important for employee motivation in third world countries like Pakistan, where the inflation rate is so high that people are struggling hard to retain their social status but the importance of non financial rewards cannot even be discriminated. Contribution/ value addition: The paper provides a basis to understand the issues of employee motivation in organizations. It is a good contributor to the knowledge world of human resource management which explores the factors that affect motivation of employees and provide a solution to the problems faced by employees at their jobs. The paper will also compel the management of studied organizations to pay their attention to the problems of employee motivation for the overall benefits of organizations.


Objective To study the application of the visual elements of Chinese folk needlecrafts on modem packaging design.Methods Some typical cases were introduced to confirm how the visual elements of Chinese folk needlecrafts,such as material,graphic,color,were applied on packaging design.Furthermore,the regulations were put forward for the application of the visual elements of Chinese folk needlecrafts on package design.Conclusion The combination of Chinese folk needlecrafts and modern packaging design was a new way to inherit and develop Chinese folk needlecrafts culture.lt will also provide new ways for the packaging designer.


The reduction of clinical development time for new drugs is a high priority for pharmaceutical companies. One of the areas of greatest potential for such an endeavor is thetimetaken to recruit patients into the Phase III clinical program. The reasons for slow patient recruitment tend to revolve around two main areas: the investigator/center and the protocol. Therefore, investigators/centers must be carefully and methodically evaluated and selected prior to study commencement and recruitment strategies should be implemented at the center as soon as the trial commences. Equally as important, protocols should be closely scrutinized to ensure that each of the inclusion/exclusion criteria are required and that the study has the full support of both patient and investigator. This approach will help to optimize patient recruitment and thus reduce the time needed to develop new drugs.


MgB2 material operating at moderate field can conveniently be considered for short-term cost-effective implementation of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). Due to the intrinsic performance of this material, moderate field operation and cryogen free cooling in the range 10–20 K need to be considered. For investigating the feasibility of MgB2 based SMES technology a 10 kW—2 s system is under development. A small MgB2 coil was developed and tested as the first step of this study. The cooling was obtained by means of a cryogen-free test facility based on a two-stages Gifford–McMahon regenerative heat exchanger. A power conditioning system (PCS) was also developed in order to connect the coil with the power grid. The PCS is based on power mosfet components and consists of two parallel dc/dc boost converters and an inverter connected to a common dc bus at 100 V. Continuous operation of the coil at a charge/discharge rate up to 24 kW can be achieved by means of the PCS. Details of the layout of the coil and the thermal connection with the cryocooler are discussed in this paper. Results of cooling test are reported. Possible SMES operation is also discussed.


It could get the ecological benefits while doing researches in bird communities in different artificial forests.Survey on bird species and numbers was counted by line sampling method in three different artificial forests in the suburbs of Nanning from June to August 2007.Twenty six species were recorded,belonging to 15 families and 3 orders.The results showed that the bird diversity index in Pinus elliottii forest was 1.0350,in Eucalyptus grandis forest was 0.5048,in Pinus massoniana forest was 1.0153.The paper also calculated the G-F index of the bird fauna,and the results showed that the index in Pinus elliottii forest was 0.1604,in Eucalyptus grandis forest was 0,in Pinus massoniana forest was 0.1539.The Pinus elliottii forest and Pinus massoniana forest had a much higher coefficient of similarity index.The Eucalyptus grandis forest and Pinus elliottii forest,the Eucalyptus grandis forest and Pinus massoniana forest both had a low coefficient of similarity index.Bird diversity were greatly related to the heterogeneity and stand age of artificial forests.


. Information about the social relations among individuals is essential to define and develop management plans for a socially structured population. Association data for 25 adult Lahille's bottlenose dolphins were obtained from 189 photo-identification surveys that took place between January 2007 and May 2009 in La Coronilla-Cerro Verde and Cabo Polonio, Rocha, Uruguay. Group size averaged 5.22 individuals (SD= 3.77, n= 255). Coefficients of association were calculated using the Half-Weight Index. Most of the associations were weak (79.7%) and variation of real association indices was greater than would be expected by chance. Thus, the null hypothesis that individuals associated randomly was rejected. Standardized Lagged Association Rate analysis also indicated that nonrandom associations between individuals persisted over the study period. The exponential decay model that fits best to the data suggested the existence of constant companions and casual acquaintances. This study is the first report about the social structure of the population of Lahille's bottlenose dolphin inhabiting the Uruguayan marine coasts. Cerro Verde and Cabo Polonio were


Background knowledge resources contribute to the performance of many current systems for textual inference tasks (QA, textual entailment, summarization, retrieval, and others). However, it can be difficult to assess how additions to such a knowledge base will impact a system that relies on it. This paper describes the incremental, task-driven development of an ontology that provides features to a system that retrieves images based on their textual descriptions. We perform error analysis on a baseline system that uses lexical features only, then focus ontology development on reducing these errors against a development set. The resulting ontology contributes more to performance than domain-general resources like WordNet, even on a test set of previously unseen


ABSTRACT We have constructed a defined acapsular mutant inPasteurella multocida X-73 (serogroup A:1) by disrupting the hexA gene through the insertion of a tetracycline resistance cassette. The genotype of thehexA::tet(M) strain was confirmed by PCR and Southern hybridization, and the acapsular phenotype of this strain was confirmed by electron microscopy. ThehexA::tet(M) strain was attenuated in both mice and chickens. Complementation of the mutant with an intact hexAB fragment restored lethality in mice but not in chickens. In contrast to the results described previously for P. multocida serogroup B (J. D. Boyce and B. Adler, Infect. Immun. 68:3463–3468, 2000), thehexA::tet(M) strain was sensitive to the bactericidal action of chicken serum, whereas the wild-type and complemented strains were both resistant. Following inoculation into chicken muscle, the bacterial count of thehexA::tet(M) strain decreased significantly, while the wild-type and complemented strains both grew rapidly over 4 h. The capsule is thus an essential virulence determinant in the pathogenesis of fowl cholera.


This paper presents a sketch of the life and principal scientific contributions of Lord Rayleigh, with emphasis on his research in optics.


College counselors should pay attention to putting forward the scientific reference suggestions to students' studying situation while launching the daily students'management.This paper gives an example from the wok of college assistants and introduces a method to solve linear programming problem by using Excel in detail.


An upper connector to be coupled to the lower connector, a connector assembly having a gusset plate that is sandwiched between the upper connector and the lower connector. Further, a connector assembly capable lifting, and lifting frame assembly, the coupling system for modular frame unit, and a method for assembling a modular frame unit using a connector assembly, and the building and modular unit having a connector assembly It has been disclosed. .FIELD 1


The winter activity of 23 radio-tagged striped skunks was studied on the Cedar Creek Natural History Area during 1967-1968 and 1968-1969. A reduction in activity was observed in November. Juvenile skunks were more active than adults in November. The average date (2-year) on which adult skunks began using their winter dens was 17 November as compared to 24 November for juveniles; this difference was significant. Skunks averaged 1-3 activity periods per day while inside their winter dens; 80% of these lasted 10 min or less. The percentage of days on which activity inside dens occurred increased, but not significantly, as the winter progressed, with juveniles showing a higher percentage of active days. Movements outside of dens were generally near the den entrance. Snow depth apparently limited movements from dens. The mean length of the winter denning period was 90 days in 1967-68 and 115 days in 1968-1969. Temperature in an occupied skunk den averaged 6.7 1C compared to, an average of 2.2 C in unoccupied dens; temperature differences were significant. Weight losses during the winters of 1967-1968 and 1968-1969 averaged 49.0 and 57.6%, respectively; this difference was significant. Mortality related to winter denning was not markedly different between the 2 winters. INTRODUCTION Striped skunks do not hibernate (Davis, 1951; Verts, 1967) through boreal winters, but are reported (Hamilton, 1937; Selko, 1938; Jones, 19,39; Terres, 1940) to remain more or less inactive for extended periods inside dens. While there is ample evidence that skunks remain inside dens for extended periods, there is no information available on their degree of lethargy, and little information on their behavior patterns prior to and after such periods of lethargy. The main purpose of this study was to determine the behavior and activities of striped skunks during predenning, denning and postdenning periods. Some specific objectives were to determine when skunks had become prepared for denning, to discover when they entered the dens and to obtain a quantitative estimate of activity inside dens. Another objective was to relate environmental conditions to skunk activity. STUDY AREA The study was conducted during the winters of 1967-1968 and 1968-1969 on the 5000-acre Cedar Creek Natural History Area, 30 miles N of Minneapolis, Minn. The topography is flat to gently rolling. Deciduous and mixed conifer upland areas are interspersed with abandoned and cultivated fields, bogs, cattail (Typha latifolia) marshes, white cedar (Thuja occidentatis) and alder (Alnus rugosa) swamps, two small lakes and a creek. Detailed descriptions of the area are available in Pierce (1954) and Bray et al. (1959).


Investigation was carried out to determine the nature of testicular toxicity following subacute exposure to inorganic mercuric chloride (HgCI 2 ) in rats. Adult male Albino rats were divided into 3 groups each consisting of 8 animals. Group I served as untreated control, group 2 were exposed to inorganic HgCl 2 5 PPM through drinking water for 13 weeks. Group 3 animals served as recovery group following treatment similar to group 2. Body weight and haematocrit values were monitored at regular intervals. On sacrification, testis were removed and weighed and subjected to histopathological examination along with liver and kidney tissue samples. Testicular weight of rats exposed to inorganic HgCl 2 (groups 2 and 3) signiticantly (P<0.05) differed over control. The peritubular haemorrhage in the medullary region was evident in sections from kidney. Haematocrit values in treated rats were not different from untreated control group except for marginal decline in red blood cell count in group 2 and 3. The terminal testicular weights of HgCI 2 -treated rats wcre significantly (P<0.05) different from contro) The histopathological changes within the testis were mainly confined to Sertoti cells in group 2. The histotoxicological changes include discontinuation in basal lamina, vacuolation at multiple sites and disruption of spermatogenic cycle. The loss of architecture of testis was restored following a rest period. To conclude, subacute exposure to inorganic HgCI 2 (5 PPM) induce reversible testicular toxicity in rats.


Advanced paternal age is associated with new genetic mutations that are seen in some disorders (e.g., achondroplasia, Marfan syndrome, Apert syndrome),


A heavy, white, fuzzy coating on brick developed in the firing. The coating consisted entirely of silica, produced from the reduction of silica and vaporized as silicon and reoxidized.


A experiment was conducted to study the effect of four irrigation methods: filtration irrigation, drip filtration irrigation, drip irrigation and furrow irrigation on plant growth, fruit quality and tomato yield in greenhouse in order to discuss scientific and optimum irrigation methods. Results showed that different irrigation methods were not related to plant height and plant stem of tomato significantly, but related to fruit diameter significantly. The first fruit diameter was drip irrigationfiltration irrigationdrip filtration irrigationfurrow irrigation and the second and the third fruit diameter was filtration irrigationdrip filtration irrigation drip irrigationfurrow irrigation. There were significant relationships between different irrigation methods and vitamin C content, soluble sugar content,total acidity and sugar-acidity ratio. Vitamin C content and soluble sugar content in drip irrigation, filtration irrigation and drip filtration irrigation was higher and more preferable, but total acidity was lower. The tomato yield was filtration irrigationdrip filtration irrigation drip irrigationfurrow irrigation. Water productivity of drip filtration irrigation was the highest.The results indicated that drip filtration irrigation was more preferable for tomato production in greenhouse.


Athlete's Nutritional status was one contributing factor for athlete endurance. Nutritional status is influenced by many factor such as nutritional knowledge. Based on preliminary research, more than a half respondent (69%) of college athlete students from Indonesia University of Education has poor nutrition knowledge. The aim of this study was to implement nutrition education "ATHENA" for improving nutrition knowledge of college athlete students. The design of this study used quasi experiment with pretest-posttest control group. Sampling technique was done by purposive, and there were 46 college athlete students which were divided in two group, treatment group and control group. Nutrition education program was conducted in six weeks. The program includes nutrition for athlete, eating disorder in Athlete, effective exercise, handling depressive during exercise, and drugs use in sports. The program was delivered after or during the athlete exercise. The result showed that "ATHENA" program has successfully improved nutrition knowledge of treatment group.


Abstract The biomass and carbohydrate availability of the crown of a herbicide‐resistant biotype of Ranunculus acris were studied at six pheno‐logical stages from pre‐ to post‐flowering. The crown biomass and amounts of available carbohydrate were the least at pre‐flowering, and increased during the flowering period. The regenerative potential of the crown of R. acris after infection by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was studied at four phenological stages. Regeneration was least after treatment at pre‐flowering, and greatest after treatment at late‐flowering. The effect of repeated defoliation on regrowth, crown biomass, amount of crown available carbohydrate, and vulnerability to S. sclerotiorum, was evaluated. Six‐month‐old plants regrew after repeated defoliation without depletion of crown biomass or crown available carbohydrate. In contrast, regrowth of two‐year‐old plants declined after repeated defoliation, and the crown biomass and available carbohydrate reserves were depleted. Repeated defoliation redu...