Samples A quantitative analysis method of the steps of irradiating the sample with radiation having a plurality of frequencies in the range of 100THz from 25 GHz, to obtain a frequency domain waveform of the sample, reflected from the sample and / or detecting the radiation transmitted through the sample, including the spectral characteristics of intermolecular excitation or other non intramolecular excitation, comprising the steps of: defining at least one interest zone of said frequency domain waveform, components of the sample from said compartment method comprising the steps of: obtaining a value for density.


Revenue laws are steeped in the usage and custom and are volk-geist legislations. The words associated with these legislations give impressions of village life. Revenue legislations deal with the collections of revenue over the lands and try to bring reforms on the right associated with it by various persons with an objective to make the green revolution successful in India. The paper makes an attempt to discuss important concepts and expressions associated with revenue laws in the state of Odisha.


An EUV mask blank that realizes accurately pinpointing of the position of minute defects of about 30 nm sphere-equivalent diameter; and a relevant mask blank substrate and substrate with functional film. There is provided a substrate for reflective mask blank for EUV lithography, characterized in that on a film formation surface of the substrate, there are formed at least three marks satisfying the following requirements: (1) mark size ranging from 30 to 100 nm in sphere-equivalent diameter, and (2) on the film formation surface, three marks not lying on the same virtual straight line.


Metabolic pathways have emerged as cornerstones in carcinogenic deregulation providing new therapeutic strategies for cancer management. Recently, a new branch of cholesterol metabolism has been discovered involving the biochemical transformation of 5,6‐epoxycholesterols (5,6‐ECs). The 5,6‐ECs are metabolized in breast cancers to the tumour promoter oncosterone whereas, in normal breast tissue, they are metabolized to the tumour suppressor metabolite, dendrogenin A (DDA). Blocking the mitogenic and invasive potential of oncosterone will present new opportunities for breast cancer treatment. The reactivation of DDA biosynthesis, or its use as a drug, represents promising therapeutic approaches such as DDA‐deficiency complementation, activation of breast cancer cell re‐differentiation and breast cancer chemoprevention. This review presents current knowledge of the 5,6‐EC metabolic pathway in breast cancer, focusing on the 5,6‐EC metabolic enzymes ChEH and HSD11B2 and on 5,6‐EC metabolite targets, the oxysterol receptor (LXRβ) and the glucocorticoid receptor.


Objective:To explore the status of consumption from 2005 to 2010 and quality of iodine-added-salt in Midong district after the implementaition of the universal salt iodination.Methods:According to "IDD National surveillance Programme–an expurgated edition",the salt samples from the farmers were random samples and the iodine contents in the samples were detected.Results:From 2005 to 2010,the rates of qualified iodized salt and the intake rates of qualified iodinated salt were higher than those in 2005.The rates of qualified iodized salt were 100% in 2009 and 2010.Conclusion:The intake rates of qualified iodinated salt reached the standard of the sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disease.


In this article, the effects of chemical reaction and Joule heating on MHD generalized Couette flow between two vertical porous plates with induced magnetic field and Newtonian heating/cooling have been investigated. The mathematical model used for the MHD generalized Couette flow takes into account the effect of viscous dissipation. The system of nonlinear partial differential equations governing the flow was solved numerically using the finite difference method. The resulting numerical schemes are simulated in MATLAB to obtain the profiles of the flow variables such as velocity, induced magnetic field, temperature, and concentration profiles graphically. Also, the effects of the flow parameters on the skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are obtained and discussed numerically through tabular forms. The findings show that an increase in the chemical reaction parameter leads to a decrease in the concentration profiles. Also, increase in the Joule heating parameter and heat generation parameter leads to an increase in the temperature profiles. Induced magnetic field profiles increase with an increase in Reynold's number. The findings of this study are important due to its application in developing a variety of chemical technologies, including polymer manufacturing, MHD pumps, food processing, chemical catalytic reactors, astronomy, MHD flow meters, and lubrication.


Porous silicon formed by anodization of a p-type silicon substrate is characterized by a distribution of crystallites with diameters smaller than about 100 A. The corresponding size distributions obtained from Raman measurements show distinct peaks which are explained for the first time by the tunneling of holes through crystallite barriers during the formation process of porous silicon. The theoretical description is based on quantum mechanical calculations of the tunneling probability of the holes through small crystallites into the electrolyte. This tunneling probability shows oscillations as a function of crystallite size which are comparable to the structures observed in the size distributions. The calculations presented provide a deeper understanding of these size distributions and of the basic formation mechanism of porous silicon


Background: Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a possible factor in the relationship between metabolism and cellular redox state and plays a key role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Objectives: The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of combined training in the gym and at home on TXNIP plasma level, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profile in men with primary hypertension. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, sixty hypertensive men (age 48 ± 9 years, BMI 30 ± 4 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to the gym-based training (GBT: ten weeks, four days/week of moderate-intensity resistance and aerobic training followed by stretching exercises), home-based training (HBT: the type, duration, and intensity were similar to the GBT), and control groups. Selected blood biochemical parameters were measured at baseline and after ten weeks of training programs. Results: The plasma levels of TXNIP in the GBT (P = 0.04) and HBT (P = 0.0001) groups decreased significantly compared to the control group. Moreover, the levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased and insulin sensitivity increased following GBT (GBT group (P = 0.03), HBT group (P = 0.02), and control group (P = 0.01)) compared to the control group, with no significant difference observed between GBT and HBT (P = 0.47, P = 0.36 and P = 0.14, respectively). Conclusions: GBT was more effective compared to HBT in positive changes in blood glucose and lipid profile. However, HBT improved some important biochemical parameters and can be an alternative to complementary strategies strategy instead of GBT. Our data manifest that combined training has a positive effect on reducing the protein level, which negatively affects glucose and lipid metabolism in hypertensive men.


This paper is concerned with a diffusive predator-prey model with prey-taxis and prey-structure under the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. The stability of the unique positive constant equilibrium of the predator-prey model is derived. Hopf bifurcation and steady state bifurcation are also concluded.


to?" asks Ann Hickman Skidmore's character Uncle Keen, confronted with a new technology in "Wiser and Wickeder." This issue of Appalachian Heritage also presents new poems by Mary Ellen Miller, Nancy King, Taylor Hagood and John Quinnett, and in a mid-winter's fantasy, Ralph Price takes us back to our innocence through the magic of a creek, a hillbilly kid and the heavyweight champ. Recently the European entertainment giant EMI merged with TimeWarner to create the world's largest media conglomerate. Already lawmakers are concerned about monopolistic advantage, and rightly so. However, this movement toward larger, fewer, more centralized and cost-efficient is not new to contemporary culture. While "diversity" is currently a popular political concept, elsewhere uniformity, standardization, replication—cloning—prevail. Such trends make even more important Appalachian Heritage and other regional publications which encourage new writers and writing about their regions.


Although there are very few biomass-derived fuels which are competitive to fossil fuels, the scientific research community has never ceased to search for renewable biofuel alternatives. For use in the transportation sector, a practical biofuel must: • be produced economically and efficiently; • have a relatively high energy density, in both volume and weight, in order to achieve competitive mileage; • be easy to store and distribute; • have sufficient reserves, which do not threaten ecosystems; • be sourced from a variety of bio-mass or bio-waste; • have suitable properties for use in existing power generation systems without the need for major modifications. Most potential biofuels meet the majority of these requirements. However, none satisfies them all, not even the most successful gasoline-alternative biofuel, bio-ethanol. Despite its success in the Brazilian market, bio-ethanol requires a large amount of sugar cane, which can put stress on food production and the environment. Hitherto, little has been able to compete with bio-ethanol, that is until the production techniques of 2,5-dimethylfuran, known as DMF, were significantly improved (Yuriy Roman-Leshkov 2007; Zhao H 2007). These advances have sparked interest in the research community to investigate the adaptability of this new biofuel candidate to be used in power generation systems, particularly in internal combustion engines.


ABSTRACT

A new, low-cost device that detects the presence of fog has been developed for applications such as the activation of fog sampling equipment and the monitoring of fog's spatial or temporal evolution. This fog presence detector (FPD) offers an inexpensive alternative to visibility monitors and other specialized fog or cloud microphysical instruments that have typically been used for these purposes. The FPD utilizes a VCNL4200 proximity sensor (Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.), which operates as an infrared backscatter detector and was intended to detect proximity in cars, buildings, and personal electronics. An FPD with six individual sensors was evaluated in the field from 19 August 2019 through 4 November 2019. Over the course of the study, the FPD was able to distinguish between foggy and clear conditions. The output values from the individual sensors closely tracked one another and were strongly correlated with extinction coefficient measurements from a collocated visibility monitor. However, the study revealed that a more powerful, external infrared emitting diode (IRED) was necessary for reliable fog detection when sunlight was present. With the inclusion of an external IRED, the agreement between the FPD and visibility monitor averaged 91% when indicating the presence of fog during fog events. Both the FPD and visibility monitor were found to be susceptible to insects and spider webs located in or near the optical sensing volume during foggy and non-foggy periods.


Something is heart warming about the British Association for Performing Arts Medicine, an organisation that helps musicians and other performing artists who need medical attention. It's heart warming in the sense that these doctors give their time and expertise for free. As …


For decades U.S. corn growers have faced excess production capacity and government farm programs designed to avoid surplus supplies. But for the next several years, the industry may be facing a different situation. Many grain industry analysts anticipate that, rather than surplus production capacity, the corn and feed grain industry's challenges will be how to ration limited supplies among various users and how to increase U.S. corn production.


Abstmct Chmnic pain severity, the responses of the signifia?&t other to the putient 's pain, and social rzetwork re~tio~h~ps were in.v~tig~ed for their ~ont~.butio~ to d~ession among patients with myofascial pain disordm (N = 67) and arthritis (N = 83). Interview data were gathered using the Beck Depression Inventory, McGill Pain Inventory, Multidimensional Pain Inventory, and interpersonal Wationships Inventory. Patients with myofzscialpain disorders reported si~~~~a?~t~ mure severe vision and pain, more convict lout thaw- Paine and moTe netwo& conflict than those with arthritis. They also repmtd less networ-k social support. A@ controllingfm the type of painful chronic disorder, multi@ linear regression. analyses indicated that more sarere w&on was ~.~~~can.tly associated with more severe pain, conflict a&out pain, and less n&work social suck. Co~t~i&t ant pain may increase the risk of aT+ression fm pat&ts with chronic painful d&rders. Patients with myofascial pain d&-&s, however, may experience m.ore conflict about their pain because of the absence of ob~~~.ve phys~al~ndin~ that &~obora~ the report 0fpain.J Pain Symptom Manage


Two books with very similar titles have been published recently: Radiation and the Gastrointestinal Tract (edited by A Dubois et al) and Radiation and Gut. Despite their rather similar titles, their content is very different. The former is concerned with acute radiation effects and their avoidance or control in the context of radiation therapy and the possible irradiation of military personnel. It consists essentially of extended papers from the proceedings of a symposium. The latter, while also having chapters contributed by different authors, seeks to cover the field from the basic structure and cell replacement processes in the gut to its response to radiation in terms of cancer induction and tissue injury in experimental animals and human beings. The gut is a remarkable organ. As is commonly understood, it forms a tube from mouth to anus, but less well known is the rate of cell renewal in its epithelial lining, particularly in the small intestine. It is estimated that, for example, a mouse replaces about cells in its small intestine during a 3 year life-span. In human beings, this number of cells may be produced each day, corresponding to a mass of tissue produced and shed during a 70 year life-span of about ten times adult body weight. People have puzzled over the apparent paradox that the small intestine is the most sensitive region of the gut to radiation-induced cell killing and reproductive failure, consistent with its high rate of cell turnover, but has a low susceptibility to cancer induction. Thus, about 40% of the excess cancers among the A-bomb survivors in Japan are attributable to those arising in the gut but with significant increases confined to the stomach and colon. One emerging explanation, based on studies using mice, is that the small intestine may have an efficient mechanism for recognising and removing damaged stem cells. This is thought to involve a process of programmed cell death, termed apoptosis, in which cells commit suicide. Comparisons of apoptotic response to radiation in the small and large intestine show correspondence with the position thought to be occupied by the stem cells in the small intestine but not the large intestine. It may be, therefore, that stem cells in the large intestine are substantially more prone to the accumulation of genetic errors that might ultimately lead to malignant change. Populations differ considerably in their incidence of gut cancer. They account for 15 - 16% of total cancer deaths in England and Wales and in the USA and about 30% in Japan. Colorectal cancer accounts for about 80% of deaths from gut cancer in the USA whereas stomach cancer predominates in Japan. An important uncertainty in current risk estimates for radiation-induced gut cancer, based largely on incidence in Japan, is the lack of knowledge of how risks should be transferred from one population to another. Radiation and Gut provides very readable and detailed accounts of these issues and generally of the effects of radiation on the gut in experimental animals and human beings. Prominent among the contributors for individual chapters are the editors, Chris Potten and Jolyon Hendry, drawing extensively from their own work at the Paterson Institute for Cancer Research. It will be a pity if the high price of the book limits its availability.


We propose a robust technique for multi-speaker voice activity detection and source enumeration in wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASN). The proposed technique first clusters the nodes that observe a single speaker as dominant source, and then estimates the voice activity of each speaker by introducing a block-sparsity penalizing term in the unmixing problem. The method is scalable in terms of the number of simultaneously active speakers, does not require setting empirical thresholds, and is robust to impulsive noise sources. The results are validated using a WASN with four human speakers and two impulsive noise sources observed by 15 nodes.


In this paper we look at evenly distributed probability measures on tubular neighborhoods around certain sets, and consider the converged measure once the neighborhood is shrunk around the set. For fractals with the Open Set Condition, the measure converges to an evenly distributed probability measure that matches the Hausdorff dimension of the set. However, for targets where the length of the concentric circles is infinite, the measure on the shrinking neighborhood converges to a point measure located only on the center of the target. We will consider other situations where the converged measure on the shrunken neighborhood omits part of the set. We will also look at connections to Minkowski Content and other measures that take into account curvature or other characteristics of the set.


In 1976, Knuth asked if the stable marriage problem (SMP) can be generalized to marriages consisting of 3 genders. In 1988, Alkan showed that the natural generalization of SMP to 3 genders ($3$GSM) need not admit a stable marriage. Three years later, Ng and Hirschberg proved that it is NP-complete to determine if given preferences admit a stable marriage. They further prove an analogous result for the $3$ person stable assignment ($3$PSA) problem.
In light of Ng and Hirschberg's NP-hardness result for $3$GSM and $3$PSA, we initiate the study of approximate versions of these problems. In particular, we describe two optimization variants of $3$GSM and $3$PSA: maximally stable marriage/matching (MSM) and maximum stable submarriage/submatching (MSS). We show that both variants are NP-hard to approximate within some fixed constant factor. Conversely, we describe a simple polynomial time algorithm which computes constant factor approximations for the maximally stable marriage and matching problems. Thus both variants of MSM are APX-complete.


Significance
 Shaping technical standards is a key battleground in global competition for technological leadership. Where once the United States and Europe were dominant, China has greatly strengthened its position and now seeks become a premier purveyor of technical standards globally.

 Impacts
 Technical standards development will become more central to China's industrial strategy.
 International standard-setting will increasingly fall victim to great-power rivalry between the United States and China.
 China's standardisation efforts will be most visible in emerging digital fields such as 5G, AI and quantum communications.
 Traditional sectors such as energy, transport, medicine, agriculture and even accounting and finance will see proactive Chinese efforts.


The McDonald Observatory's 2.7 m photoelectric analyzer was used to examine five symbiotic and VV Cephei variables for the presence of coherent longitudinal fields. Repeated observations of magnetic Ap stars indicates an absolute sensitivity of +- 100--200 gauss. To this level, no new evidence is found supporting the reported kilogauss fields on the quiescent symbiotics AG Pegasi and EG Andromedae, nor for the VV Cephei stars VV Cephei and WY Geminorum, contrary to extant photographic determinations. Observations of CH Cygni following its 1977 eruption also yielded null results. The lack of significant line broadening correlated with effective z-values further rules out the presence of large transverse components.


AIM
To study the clinical and laboratory findings between patients with primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome (pAPS) with and without LR.

BACKGROUND
Livedo Reticularis (LR) is a common manifestation of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS). Although no previous study evaluated patients with and without LR.

METHODS
A transversal study including 66 pAPS patients was performed. Demographical, anthropometric, medication use, antiphospholipid antibodies profile data were evaluated, and LR's clinical and laboratory features. Patients were subdivided into one of two groups: pAPS with LR and pAPS without LR.

RESULTS
Both groups were alike concerning demographics and anthropometrics. Interestingly, the frequency of stroke (28.5 vs. 7.5%, p=0.04), as well as of Sneddon's syndrome (100 vs. 30.0%, p<0.0001), were higher in pAPS with LR than the other group. Conversely, patients in the pAPS without LR group had more thyroidopathy than those in the pAPS with LR group (80% vs. 50% %, p=0.03).

CONCLUSION
Patients with pAPS and LR have more stroke and seem to be protected from thyroidopathy. Careful follow-up of these patients is therefore advised.


Social capital refers to the networks, norms and values that enable people to act collectively. Urban and peri-urban agriculture is about food production and processing within and around cities. This preliminary study aims at exploring linkages between urban agriculture and social capital in Sarajevo region. The paper is mainly based on semistructured interviews, carried out in autumn 2011, with 30 urban gardeners. It focuses on urban agriculture social impacts in the community gardens of Mala Baŝta (Stup – Sarajevo) and Suncokret (Kula – Istocna Ilidza). Taking into consideration the research results it can be assumed that urban agriculture contributes to social capital strengthening, gender empowerment, social cohesion, and inter-ethnic reconciliation and cooperation between the constituent peoples in the post-war Sarajevo.


The prominent leather of the Khalwetiyya sect's Sofyali Bali Efendi was born in Strumitsa (Macedonia) who lived XVI. Century in ottoman Emperior's time. He started the to education in Sofya and continued Istanbul. Also he started to learn relagin scine from his child age and continued during his all the young period. When he graduated his school returned to sofya. He exectly strugled to his in self. And he learned all tendencies. Also he was defender Ibn Arabi's thoughts. He deead in provices Sofya in hijri date 960 and burried that area


We study existence and uniqueness of solution for stochastic differential equations with distributional drift by giving a meaning to the Strook-Varadhan martingale problem associated to such equations. The approach we exploit is the one of paracontrolled distributions recently introduced by Gubinelli, Imkeller and Perkowski in their by now celebrated paper "Paracontrolled Distributions and Singular PDEs". As a result, we make sense of the two and three dimensional polymer measure. Joint work with Khalil Chouk ∗Speaker sciencesconf.org:equadiff2015:63947


Background: Recurrent intradialytic hypotension still is a major source of discomfort in hemodialysis patients today, its origin being subject to extensive research. Different hypotheses have been raised to unravel this problem, without forming one coherent point of view. The aim of this study was to gain more insight into the mechanisms causing intradialytic hypotension by determining cardiovascular performance noninvasively during hemodialysis in a large group of patients. Methods: In the present study the variations in blood volume, stroke volume, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance were investigated in 68 patients on chronic intermittent hemodialysis utilizing bioelectrical impedance cardiography. In addition, blood volume was monitored continuously with an on-line optical device. Results: Twenty-four patients experienced symptomatic hypotension during dialysis treatment. Compared to the hemodynamically stable patients, the hypotensive patients manifested a slightly greater decline in blood volume (mean ± SEM; –9.4 ± 1.2 vs. –6.5 ± 0.8%, p = 0.04) and cardiac output (–11.8 ± 4.2 vs. –7.3 ±2.7%, p = NS). The main difference, however, was a highly significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance (–17.9 ± 4.4%) in the hypotensive group compared to a rise in the stable group (+6.2 ± 3.5%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Intradialytic hypotension seems the consequence of an inadequate compensatory response to ultrafiltration-induced blood volume reduction, resulting in a fall in systemic vascular resistance. The degree of hypovolemia itself appears to be less important in the origin of acute, intradialytic hypotensive episodes. Noninvasive monitoring during hemodialysis provides an opportunity to gain more insight into the pathophysiology of intradialytic hypotension and offers the possibility for controlled intervention and possible prevention of this complication.


intelligent, interactive 3D ex-NASCAR driver who greets visitors at a virtual auto show and engages them in a dynamically customized fiveto tenminute dialog. Through natural social conversation, Ms. James elicits and offers information as she matches visitors to vehicles suited to their lifestyles and preferences. During this sales process, she applies dialog, facial expressions, and animated gestures to establish a relationship between her sponsor and each visitor. Ms. James exemplifies a new generation of interactive characters who will offer consumers a familiar and compelling sales experience.


The dynamic content distribution problem addresses the trade-off between storage and delivery costs in modern virtual content delivery networks (CDNs). That is, a video file can be stored in multip...


ABSTRACT This article discusses the development of the restorative justice movement in the larger context of the history of the western legal tradition. It presents the theory of restorative justice and how it meets the needs of victims, offenders and the community. The research findings supporting the efficacy of restorative justice is briefly reviewed. Finally, professional opportunities for forensic psychologists within the restorative justice movement are discussed.


A distinctive trait in primate evolution is the expansion in brain mass. The potential drivers of this trend and how and whether encephalization influenced diversification dynamics in this group are hotly debated. We assembled a phylogeny accounting for 317 primate species, including both extant and extinct taxa, to identify macroevolutionary trends in brain mass evolution. Our findings show that Primates as a whole follow a macroevolutionary trend for an increase in body mass, relative brain mass and speciation rate over time. Although the trend for increased encephalization (brain mass) applies to all Primates, hominins stand out for their distinctly higher rates. Within hominins, this unique trend applies linearly over time and starts with Australopithecus africanus. The increases in both speciation rate and encephalization begin in the Oligocene, suggesting the two variables are causally associated. The substitution of early, stem Primates belonging to plesiadapiforms with crown Primates seems to be responsible for these macroevolutionary trends. However, our findings also suggest that cognitive capacities favoured speciation in hominins.


The March 1979 accident at Three Mile Island Unit 2 contaminated the reactor building with high levels of radiation that restricted personnel access. In the period since the accident, a series of efforts has been made to prepare for reactor defueling. Each of these efforts involved an evaluation of the radiation levels in the accessible areas and the determination of the approach to be taken to reduce the dose rates in these areas. Dose rate reduction decisions resulted in either shielding or decontaminating the areas. This paper identifies the major tasks performed to prepare for defueling the reactor, summarizes the decisions made, and discusses the results of those decisions. During these efforts, state-of-the-art decontamination techniques progressed from basic soap-and-water scrubbing to more sophisticated ultra-high-pressure water surface removal, and implementation of those techniques with state-of-the-art robotics.


This paper clarifies the Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) with medical devices from mobile phones that use high-speed radio access technologies including those in Release 8 specified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in a hospital environment. The Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) technique used in Release 8 has a higher Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) than previous techniques such as Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), and it may incur higher levels of EMI. The EMI is evaluated with respect to 32 medical devices that are typically used in hospitals. The evaluation results show that effect of increasing PAPR is not found significantly. The EMI strongly depends on the average transmission power of mobile phones. The maximum EMI distance is 80 and 8 cm when the average transmission power is the nominal maximum (23 or 24 dBm) and 10 dBm, respectively.


We have prototyped a 3.0‐in. VGA OLED panel containing low‐temperature single‐crystal silicon (LTSS) TFTs on a glass substrate and having six terminals for connection to external circuitry. The good ON characteristics of LTSS TFTs allows the use of the serial video signal, reducing the number of signals from external circuitry.


The article itself is an abstract (of a paper or presentation) that usually has been presented or published separately. DeepGreen Service  –  FTP deposits to DeepGreen: Guidelines for publishers XML metadata format  –  8 article-type Meaning / Explanation addendum A published work that adds additional information or clarification to another work (The somewhat similar value "correction" corrects an error in previously published material.) announcement Material announced in the publication (may or may not be directly related to the publication) articlecommentary A work whose subject or focus is another article or articles; this article comments on the other article(s). (This value would be used when the editors of a publication invite an author with an opposing opinion to comment on a controversial article and then publish the two together. The somewhat similar value "editorial" is reserved for commentary written by an editor or other publication staff.) book-review Review or analysis of one or more printed or online books (The similar value "productreview" is used for product analyses.) books-received Notification that items, for example, books or other works, have been received by a publication for review or other consideration brief-report A short and/or rapid announcement of research results calendar A list of events case-report Case study, case report, or other description of a case collection Wrapper article for a series of sub-articles or responses; this value's usage is restricted to articles whose intellectual content appears primarily in <sub-article> or <response>. correction A modification or correction of previously published material; this is sometimes called 'errata' (The somewhat similar value "addendum" merely adds to previously published material.) discussion Invited discussion related to a specific article or issue dissertation Thesis or dissertation written as part of the completion of a degree of study editorial Opinion piece, policy statement, or general commentary, typically written by staff of the publication (The similar value "article-commentary" is reserved for a commentary on a specific article or articles, which is written by an author with a contrasting position, not an editor or other publication staff.) in-brief Summary or teaser of items in the current issue introduction An introduction to a publication, or to a series of articles within a publication, etc. ; typically for a special section or issue letter Letter to a publication, typically commenting upon a published work DeepGreen Service  –  FTP deposits to DeepGreen: Guidelines for publishers XML metadata format  –  9 article-type Meaning / Explanation meeting-report Report of a conference, symposium, or meeting news News item, normally current but atypically historical obituary Announcement of a death, or the appreciation for a colleague who has recently died oration Reprint of a speech or oral presentation partialretraction Retraction or disavowal of part(s) of previously published material product-review Description, analysis, or review of a product or service, for example, a software package (The similar value "book-review" is used for analyses of books.) rapidcommunication Fast-breaking research update or other news item reply Reply to a letter or commentary, typically by the original author commenting upon the comments reprint Reprint of a previously published article researcharticle Article reporting on primary research ; sometimes given short as "article" or "research" though not recommended (The related value "review-article" describes a literature review, research summary, or state-of-the-art article.) retraction Retraction or disavowal of previously published material review-article Review or state-of-the-art summary article (The related value "research-article" describes original research.) translation Translation of an article originally produced in a different language Publication date To ensure that DeepGreen is able to capture the publication date correctly, it is important to follow some rules with the <pub-date> element: <pub-date date-type="pub">...</pub-date> As shown this element has always an attribute date-type which should have the value "pub". NOTE: If the publication date <pub-date> does not contain the attribute date-type (or, alternatively, the deprecated attribute pub-type), it will not be captured by DeepGreen.  Consequently, the embargo end date might not be calculated, and it will not be populated in the repositories. DeepGreen Service  –  FTP deposits to DeepGreen: Guidelines for publishers XML metadata format  –  10 • Correct example for the publication date <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub"> <day>24</day> <month>09</month> <year>1999</year> </pub-date> !!! Incorrect example of a publication date !!! <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="accepted"> <!-*** WRONG *** --> <day>24</day> <month>09</month> <year>1999</year> </pub-date> In this case, the date-type is not recognised by DeepGreen since any acceptance date is to be sent as a <history> date, see next section. History dates Additionally to the publication date, DeepGreen is able to retrieve dates of other publishing workflow events. As long as these are provided as <history> XML elements, they will be passed on to repositories. <history> <date>...</date> <date>...</date> ... </history> Similarly to publication dates, the history <date> element must have an attribute date-type that defines the type of event with one of these values: "accepted", "corrected", "preprint, "retracted", "received", "rev-recd", or "rev-request" DeepGreen Service  –  FTP deposits to DeepGreen: Guidelines for publishers XML metadata format  –  11 Typical history date example <history> <date date-type="accepted"> <day>29</day> <month>01</month> <year>1999</year> </date> <date date-type="received"> <day>05</day> <month>05</month> <year>1999</year> </date> </history> Authors / Contributors Yet another crucial metadata for DeepGreen is the contributor author list. Hence, such a list of authors should be provided by making use of the <contrib-group> element as follows: <contrib-group> <contrib contrib-type="author">...</contrib> <contrib contrib-type="author">...</contrib> <contrib contrib-type="author">...</contrib> </contrib-group> A minimum data of full names and affiliations are mandatory. Nevertheless, additional metadata such as ORCID or email(s) would also be very useful for institutions. There are different ways in JATS-XML to associate author names with related information. DeepGreen has been designed carefully to capture this information, almost regardless of how it is presented. Some examples are given in what follows. Basic Example. Author name, affiliation(s), email, ORCID all located within a particular <contrib> element. <contrib-group> ... <contrib contrib-type="author"> <name> <surname>Cheng</surname> <given-names>Yougan</given-names> </name> <aff>Durham University</aff> <email>email@example.com</email> <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000</contrib-id> </contrib> ... </contrib-group> DeepGreen Service  –  FTP deposits to DeepGreen: Guidelines for publishers XML metadata format  –  12 • • Example with affiliation outside of <contrib> elements. Non-cross-referenced affiliations where an <aff> (without an attribute id) lies within a <contrib-group>, but outside of <contrib> elements, which DeepGreen automatically applies to all contributors within that group. <contrib-group> <contrib contrib-type="author">...</contrib> <contrib contrib-type="author">...</contrib> ... <aff><!-Affiliation will apply to all contrib authors in the contrib-group --></aff> </contrib-group> Examples with cross-references. Affiliations and emails could also be provided using <xref> element, in that case, it is vital to indicate the appropriate ref-type attribute. Case 1 Cross-reference affiliation within the element <contrib-group> <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"> <name> <surname>Shivna</surname> <given-names>Rabindrade</given-names> </name> <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000</contrib-id> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref> <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref> </contrib> ... <aff id="aff1">Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</aff> </contrib-group> ... <author-notes> <corresp id="cor1"><email>firstname.lastname@example.com</email></corresp> </author-notes>


Some words in The Analects of Confucious are cross-classified as both nouns and verbs and some of them developed their nominal meaning from the original verb meaning,where some developed their verb meanings from the original nominal meanings.Their classification is based on several criteria,i.e.,previous interpretations,textual evidence,recent discoveries,and appropriate inference.The research on such words may provide a base for lexical interpretation and relevant grammatical analysis.


Photoexcitation of a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of metal nanoparticles, such as Au and Ag, produces an intensified electric field near the metal particles. The physicochemical properties of chromophores, such as organic dyes and semiconductor nanoparticles, are modulated if they are located in the LSPR-induced electric field. Recently, we have reported that photocatalytic activity of CdS particles was enhanced by the immobilization on the surface of SiO2-coated Au particles. Though the overlapping between optical properties of semiconductor and metal nanoparticles seems to be necessary for the effective utilization of LSPR-induced electric fields, the details have not been clarified, especially for the enhancement of the photocatalytic reaction. In this study, we prepared nanocomposite photocatalysts composed of ZnS-AgInS2 solid solution (ZAIS) nanoparticles and Au particles, where the overlapping of the optical properties of Au and ZAIS particle could be tuned by changing the chemical composition of ZAIS, and then investigated their photocatalytic property for the hydrogen evolution. Solid solution nanoparticles of (AgIn)xZn2(1-x)S2 (ZAIS(x)) nanoparticles (size: 4.4 nm) were prepared by thermal decomposition of a precursor powder (50 mg) of (AgIn)xZn2(1-x)(S2CN(C2H5)2)4 in oleylamine (3.0 cm ) at 180 oC by the same procedure as that reported in our previous paper. The surface of ZAIS(x) were modified with 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane and then the resulting particles were immobilized on SiO2-coated Au particle (Au size: 15 nm, SiO2 shell thickness: 18 nm) (Au@SiO2) to prepare nanocomposite photocatalysts (Au@SiO2/ZAIS(x)). Photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution was performed by irradiation of light from a Xe lamp (λ > 350 nm). Each photocatalyst containing 5 nmol(particle) of ZAIS particles was suspended in an aqueous solution (5 cm) containing 2-propanol (50 vol%) and irradiated under an argon atmosphere at a room temperature with vigorous magnetic stirring. TEM measurements revealed that the nanoparticles of ZAIS(x) were densely immobilized on the surface of Au@SiO2. The irradiation to the photocatalyst suspensions induced the linear increase of the amount of the H2 evolved, regardless of the kind of photocatalysts, indicating that ZAIS particles worked as a stable photocatalyst under the experimental conditions. However, the H2 evolution rate (R(H2)), calculated from the slope of the linear portion in time-course curves, became larger in the case of using Au@SiO2/ZAIS(x) than that of the corresponding ZAIS(x) nanoparticles only. Since the simple particle mixture of ZAIS(x) and Au@SiO2 did not cause any enhancement or retardation of H2 evolution rate, we concluded that the enhancement of photocatalytic activity required the immobilization of ZAIS photocatalysts at an appropriate distance from Au particles. The enhancement factor (fenhance) was calculated as the ratio of R(H2) of Au@SiO2/ZAIS(x) to that of ZAIS(x). Figure 1 shows the wavelength-dependent fenhance for the case of Au@SiO2/ZAIS(0.8). The spectral profile of fenhance roughly corresponded to the LSPR peak observed in the extinction spectrum of Au@SiO2 used in the preparation. This indicated that the photocatalytic activity enhancement of ZAIS(x) particles on the Au@SiO2 layer originated from the increase in photoexcitation probability of ZAIS due to the LSPRinduced local electric field around Au particles. Figure 2 shows the dependence of fenhance for photocatalytic H2 evolution on the chemical composition, x, of ZAIS(x) particles used. The fenhance was monotonously enlarged with an increase in the value of x. Optimum fenhance was ca. 2.0 with use of ZAIS(x) particles having x= 1.0. Considering the red shift of absorption onset (λonset) of ZAIS(x) with an increase in x, it was indicated that the absorption properties of ZAIS(x) particles needed to effectively overlap with the LSPR peak of Au particles to obtain a larger value of fenhance. The LSPR peak appeared at ca. 550-560 nm for Au@SiO2, so it was reasonable that the ZAIS(x) particles with x larger than 0.8, of which λonset was longer than ca. 570 nm, were effectively photoexcited with the LSPR-induced electric field, the degree being enlarged with an increase in the value of x. In summary, we have successfully demonstrated that the photochemical properties of nanoparticles of a ZnSAgInS2 solid solution (ZAIS) could be modulated by combination with Au nanoparticles, the degree being dependent on the overlapping between optical properties of ZAIS(x) and Au nanoparticles.


This article explores how the intensification of research within contemporary artistic practice plays out in the space of the library and its implications for the services and resources librarians provide to patrons who are artists. The Ontario Chapter of the Art Libraries Society of North America brought together three art information professionals and three art educators/artists in a panel discussion titled "Research Intersections within Practice: Artists and Librarians" to discuss different approaches to research and information gathering by artists during the process of art production, as well as the role that art information professionals can play as facilitators of the creative process. Written by one of the planners and curators of the event, the article reinvestigates the findings and themes of the panel discussion and speculates on what the future may hold for art production which faces massive technological upheavals in the way of information preservation, access, and processing.


In this letter, we describe the design and simulation of on-body antennas for wireless body area network (WBAN) communication operating in the 61-GHz ISM frequency band. We developed a disc-like concept of an antenna. Instead of a direct connection between a circular disc and a feeding pin, the electromagnetic coupling is used. This concept enables us to obtain relatively broadband characteristics with omnidirectional radiation pattern and vertical polarization suitable for on-body communication. Impedance properties and radiation of the antenna were studied in open space and on a tissue-equivalent phantom representing the human body. Fabricated prototype is well matched from 59.3 to 63.4 GHz. The bandwidth of the antenna is about 7%. An antenna analyzed close to body tissue exhibits efficiency of at least 25% and the maximum gain 5.2 dB in the horizontal plane.


International institute of internal auditors on the new definition of internal audit shows that the importance of internal audit on the increase the organizational value.Internal audit can protect enterprises assets,reduce the risk,reduce their audit cost,put forward valuable Suggestions and increase enterprise profit opportunities to add value for the enterprise.Internal audit for the enterprise to gain the value mainly have two:one is the dominant service value;the second is hidden valueadded service.By evaluating the risk management of internal audit activities,the effects of internal control,corporate governance structure,be a good staff and assistant,according to the need to provide a wide range of products and services,many side focus on audit matters such as increase value for the enterprise.


Distributed file systems in cloud computing because Google File System GFS and Hadoop Distributed file systems HDFS scheduled central servers in the direction of manage and load balancing in the metadata. Enabling technology for largescale computation for big data Originated by Google. Open source implementation by Yahoo and Facebook. Distributed file systems DFS are keys structure block for cloud computing application based on the shrink programming. In this file system swelling at the same time storage functions and grant computing, a file submerge into a number of parts billed in specifically nodes therefore, particulars Reduce functions can be execute in parallel to all the systems. In this cloud computing environment, crash standard and the nodes may be replaced, updated and added in the system. Files are also dynamically created, append and delete. These consequences in load imbalance in a distributed file system, person's files parts are not dispersed in the same way as much as probable between the nodes mounting distributed file systems in manufacture systems stretched are based on the central node for the part transport. This depended is it appears that inaccurate in a large scale and failure chances locations since there will be alive central load is put beneath a important level workload that is simple level by means of system size and may consequently become the management prevention and the single point of failure. A fully complete load rebalancing algorithm is exhibited to cope with the load rebalance trouble. In proposed system sending the files separated different parts of files using load rebalancing and Data Encryption Stranded DES algorithm behind stored into clouds. Keywords— load balancing , Distributed file systems , clouds


The first law of thermodynamics is frequently used as a rule to design of the air conditioning systems. The first law of thermodynamics, that is also known as the conservation of energy principle, is preferred in analysis of all thermal systems. Nevertheless, exergy analysis method is a more useful procedure compared to energy analysis approach for the design, performance evaluation and optimization of thermal systems. Exergy or availability is the useful work potential of a given amount of energy at some specified state. In this study, firstly, subject of energy and exergy is examined in general terms for steady-flow open systems. Then, energy and exergy analysis procedures will be explained for recirculating central air conditioning in heating mode. Thus, the rate of energy transfer taking place in and how much energy is converted into the beneficial work in this system are investigated.


Potassium(K) plays pivotal role on cotton production and fiber quality.Our present study focused on the effects of K on the quality of fiber.Two cotton varieties,Lu18(L18) and Zhongmian 41(ZH41),were used and four rates of K fertilizer were applied(K2O 0,60,180,300 kg/ha) under field condition.The results showed,K application can raise the fiber's length in both parts of the plant,and increase the final micronaire.Moreover,with the increase of K application,the magnitude of the increase is getting larger,but it had no effect on the time for the fiber to get the longest length.The K application can raise the 0 mm and 3.2 mm gauge tenacity on both upper and lower positions.However,the behaviors for different positions were not constantly.In the lower part of the plant,gauge tenacity increase first,then decrease with the increase of K application,but in the upper position,it increased constantly.The application of K significantly enhance the fiber maturation and the magnitude at both positions of the plant,The application of K at 300 kg/ha could significantly increased the fiber maturation at both positions of the plant.


Growth of Ga.5In.5Sb thin films was carried out using a in a r.f. magnetron sputtering system on high-purity quartz glasses as a substrate. The target material for the film was grown in the laboratory using Vertical Bridgmen method. The polycrystallinity of the sputtered films were characterized using x-ray diffraction method. The grown films were then treated with Ruthenium (Ru), Platinum (Pt) and Palladium (Pd) ions. XPS studies on the film showed the incorporation of Ru, Pt and Pd along with Ga, In and Sb. However in case of Ru and Pt treated surface a mild oxygen peak was also observed. No such oxide peak was observed in Pd treated surface. SEM studies on the films were also carried out which shows the increase in smoothness of the film after Ru and Pt treatment, whereas the surface deteriorated in case of Pd treatment. This can be interpreted as reduction in surface states induced by passivating oxide formed after Ru and Pt treatment. Electrical characterization of the film viz. Vander Pauw resistivity, Hall mobility etc. measurements also showed improved result compared to untreated and Pd treated surface and is been reported. Finally with chemically treated films Au/Ga.5In.5Sb Schottky diodes were fabricated and electrically characterised for IR detectors. @JASEM Gallium Indium Antimonide has received attention as a substrate material for fabrication of Ga-AlSb/GaSb IR detectors useful for fiber optic communication. Since the efficiency of detector depends very much on the surface properties of the substrate material, improvement of substrate surfaces is a challenging task in device technology. Reports on the improved electrical properties of GaAs and InP surfaces by Ru modification are already available in the literature (Bose, et. al 1984; Heller, et. al 1981; Parkinson, et. al 1979; Rampraksh, et. al 1983). In this communication improved surface properties and enhanced barrier height of Au/n-Ga.5In.5Sb Schottky diodes after Ru and Pt modification of sputtered nGa.5In.5Sb polycrystalline substrates are reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS Growth of Ga.5In.5Sb thin films was carried out using a circular (4 in.-diameter and 0.20 in.-thick) Te-doped polycrystalline n-Ga.5In.5Sb target in a r.f. magnetron sputtering system. The target material for the film was grown in the laboratory using Vertical Bridgmen method (Roy, et.al 1989). The deposition conditions for Ga.5In.5Sb thin films are summarized in Table I. A high-purity quartz substrate with surface roughness less than 0.15μm and a thickness of 0.50 mm was used. After the working chamber was evacuated to 5×10 -7 torr, high-purity (99.999%) Ar gas was introduced into the chamber. Ga.5In.5Sb input power density was kept at 5.5 W/cm. Looking at the electrical and optical properties, a typical composition of GaxIn1-xSb i.e x = 0.5 was chosen for chemical treatment. The sputtered films were chemically treated with Ruthenium trichloride (RuCl3); (0.01 molar RuCl3 in 0.1 molar HCl solution), Potassium Chloroplatinate (K2PtCl6); (0.01 molar K2PtCl6 in 0.1 molar HCl solution) and Palladium chloride (0.01 molar PdCl2 in 0.1 molar HCl solution) for 1 min and then air dried. The optical Band gap was determined by the optical absorption method using a Shimadzu double monochromator recording spectrophotometer (model UV-365). The resistivity (ρ) was measured by the four probe point method using the Vander Pauw technique. The Ohmic contact was made by use of a thermally evaporated indium film followed annealing at 150C for 2 minutes in H2 atmosphere. The mobility (μ) and carrier concentration (ND) were determined by Hall-Effect experiment. The Schottky diode was fabricated by thermally evaporating gold. I-V and C-V characteristics were studied using the Keithley 177 microvolt digital multimeter and Boonton C-meter (1MHz). SEM photographs were taken using Camscan series 2DV scanning electron microscope. ESCA results were obtained from ESCA LAB-MK II spectrometer. All the experiments were conducted at room temperature. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The optical band gap (direct) of the sputtered films was found to be 0.44eV at room temperature for both untreated and chemically treated (Ru , Pt and Pd ) samples. While the carrier concentration (ND) remained almost the same for both the modified and unmodified samples (~3 x 10cm), the resistivity decreased from 4.6 ×10 to 3.2 ×10 and 3.8 ×10Ωcm for Ru and Pt treated samples. In case of Pd treated samples the resistivity increased to 7 x 10 Ωcm. While the mobility increased from 350 to 620 and 525 cm/V-s after Ru and Pt modification, the mobility deteriorated to 275 cm/V-s after Pd treatment. Table 1. Deposition conditions of Ga.5In.5 Sb thin films Surface Modification of Sputtered... ISHU; BARMAN, P B 32


Complex systems have been widely studied to characterize their structural behaviors from a topological perspective. High modularity is one of the recurrent features of real-world complex systems. Various graph clustering algorithms have been applied to identifying communities in social networks or modules in biological networks. However, their applicability to real-world systems has been limited because of the massive scale and complex connectivity of the networks. In this study, we exploit a novel information-theoretic model for graph clustering. The entropy-based clustering approach finds locally optimal clusters by growing a random seed in a manner that minimizes graph entropy. We design and analyze modifications that further improve its performance. Assigning priority in seed-selection and seed-growth is well applicable to the scale-free networks characterized by the hub-oriented structure. Computing seed-growth in parallel streams also decomposes an extremely large network efficiently. The experimental results with real biological and social networks show that the entropy-based approach has better performance than competing methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency.


In the event that procedures attempting to restore normal drainage from the conjunctival sac are unsuccessful, the type of operation described may be entertained.


In this paper, we introduce an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) for Bluetooth low energy (BLE) that eliminates the need for a crystal oscillator (XO) other than a 32.768-kHz real-time clock (RTC) already present in wireless systems. Specifically, we propose to replace the conventional channel settling with a band settling that would be carried out only once per global device power up. The ADPLL locks to the center of the Bluetooth band (2440 MHz) upon system power-up and jointly performs an instantaneous channel hopping and Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK) modulation in a two-point manner to overcome the narrow PLL bandwidth (BW) due to the 32.768-kHz reference. Extensive calibrations linearize the effective cubic digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) transfer function to achieve a precise frequency range of hopping and modulation. Realized in 16-nm FinFET, it consumes <1 mW at ≤0.45 V, while achieving best-in-class performance and <100-ns hopping time.


Metronomic chemotherapy is given at comparatively low doses using a frequent schedule of administration with no breaks.It targets tumor-associated endothelial cells and inhibits angiogenesis in neoplastic tissue.Xeloda is an oral anti-cancer agents which is enzymatically converted to 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) maily in tumor cells.It is widely used for treatment of many kinds of malignant tumors with high activity and low toxicity.In this article we review the study of metronomic chemotherapy of xeloda.


Wireless body area network is a collection of wearable wireless sensors placed around or in a human body that are used to monitor important information from a human body. A receiver (i.e. control unit) is required to connect these sensors to remote locations (i.e. hospital database and call centres). In this work an ultra-wideband (UWB) body sensor node has been designed and tested to analyze the realistic performance of a UWB-based wireless body area network. The results indicate that the locations of sensors and the control unit on a human body play an important role on the performance of the wireless body area network system. The work herein also investigates optimal receiver positions for different sensor configurations. The results are evaluated in both static and dynamic channel conditions based on data transmission from the UWB sensor node developed for wireless body area network applications. Four common sensor positions, namely the chest, head, wrist and waist and three receiver positions-chest, waist and arm are considered. The experiment is conducted in an Anechoic chamber to minimize the effects of the environment. In the static experiment, the subject under test remains motionless for the entire test duration. Under static channel conditions, it was seen that the transmission power can be reduced by 26 dB, when the receiver is positioned at the optimum point on the body. The evaluation of the dynamic channel condition is also performed by allowing the test subject to move the body as in a walking motion. Due to the body movements, the transmission power should be increased by 7 dB to maintain the same bit error rate as that of the static experiment.


CD4+ T cells, the principal target in acute SIV and HIV infection, are crucial for the establishment and dissemination of HIV infection in mucosal tissues. Studies indicate that α4β7 CD4+ T cells are preferentially infected by HIV in vitro and during acute SIV infection. Integrin α4β7 is thought to promote HIV capture by target cells; however, the role of integrin α4β7 in HIV transmission remains controversial. In this study, we characterized immunological profiles of human cervical T cells and examined HIV preference in α4β7+ CD4+ T cells. In vitro all-trans retinoic acid differentiated peripheral CD4+ T cells were included as a comparison. In both peripheral and cervical cells, HIV preferentially infected CD38+ activated cells. Although integrin α4β7 was not the major determinant for HIV preference, the majority of HIV p24+ cells were found in activated CD4+ T cells expressing α4β7. Interestingly, CCR5 was not a marker for HIV preference. The cyclic hexapeptide CWLDVC and monoclonal antibody against integrin α4β7 did not block HIV attachment or gp120 binding to target cells regardless the presence of CD4, indicating that integrin α4β7 did not contribute to facilitating HIV capture by target cells. Our results suggest that integrin α4β7 may play a role in HIV susceptibility but not through promoting HIV binding to target cells.


Brazil's security agenda during Lula's administration was not homogeneous through the two mandates: the first tenure (2002-2006) revealed a reactive approach towards security topics, while the second one (2006-2010) was more assertive. More specifically, the shift occurred in terms of both its geographical scope - once it incorporated global issues in a more systematic way -, and instruments through which the security agenda was exercised, given the multilateral initiative of Unasur's CDS


ABSTRACT With the development of the Information & Communication Technology (ICT) a new trend started towards its innovative use in many sectors like Banking, Education, Transportation, Communication, Defense, Aviation, as well as in Government. e-Governance as a tool for ensuring good governance aims at improving the quality, accessibility and effectiveness of Government services with the help of Information & Communication Technology (ICT). e-Governance aims to make all the government activities Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive, and Transparent (SMART) through the esteem use of ICT. All the e-Governance Projects are well funded, initiated very aggressively and supported by central or state government IT Departments, but still it has been estimated by the World Bank, that as high as 85 percent of e-Governance projects in developing countries are either total or partial failures. Keywords: e-Governance, SDLC, Process Management, Resource Management, Software Development, SDLC Models, SDLC Phases


Six Sigma initiatives are focused on investigating the causes of variability and developing processes and products with less variation in output performance. This philosophy indicates the applicability of Six Sigma methodologies to all processes: batch,..


Disabled students from a significant but under represented minority in higher education in the UK. Participation appears to be particularly low in disciplines that contain a fieldwork component. Fieldwork has been recognized as a barrier to the participation of disabled students. This paper emphasizes a critical perspective on fieldwork, highlighting the way in which fieldcourses as currently conceived, enacted and experienced, can exclude disabled students. It discusses a survey of the experiences of providing learning support to disabled students undertaking fieldwork in geography, earth and environmental science departments in the UK. It also considers the various ways in which the images, spaces, practices and cultures of fieldwork may exclude or marginalize disabled students and the different ways in which fieldwork may be made more inclusive.


CF is unquestionably a systemic disorder, affecting every organ system of the body to some degree. What is not clear is how loss of CFTR gives rise to the myriad of physiologic effects characteristic of CF. For the past several decades, most of the focus has been on epithelial cells and epithelia, as they are clearly affected by the loss of CFTR and provide an explanation for elevated sweat electrolytes, airway mucous rheology and some gastrointestinal manifestations. However, CFTR mRNA is expressed in most cell types of the body and channel activity has been reported in many as well (lymphocytes, muscle, neurons, for example), but its role in most non-epithelial cells is not clear. Even less clear is the effect of not having CFTR in these non-epithelial cell types. We have begun to address this concept in an animal model, the mouse, in which the murine Cftr gene has been modified with loxP sites to allow conditional inactivation of Cftr (1). This allele has been used to examine the effect of Cftr absence from lymphocytes and showed that mice lacking Cftr in CD3+ lymphocytes have an exuberant Th-2-biased response to Aspergillus, resembling the response of CF patients and indicating that this is a function of the CF immune system rather than the CF epithelium (2). More recently, we have inactivated Cftr in myeloid cells and challenged these mice with an inoculum of P. aeruginosa and compared the effects to mice that had received bone marrow transplants. All mice mounted an inflammatory response, but whereas control mice resolved the response within a few days, CF mice, non-CF mice with myeloid Cftr inactivation and non-CF mice receiving CF bone marrow all experienced prolonged inflammatory indices (~2 weeks). These results also point to dysregulated inflammatory responses by the CF immune system. Conditional inactivation of Cftr provides insight into disease pathogenesis, but another important concept is whether correcting for the loss of Cftr can alter CF pathophysiology. To begin to address this concept, a second conditional allele was generated, but in this case a nonfunctional form of Cftr was generated with loxP sites but constructed so that it could be conditionally activated. Both alleles were used to examine the effects of manipulating Cftr function in gastrointestinal epithelium. Inactivating Cftr in gut epithelium resulted in intestinal obstruction, but did not impair growth. Restricting Cftr function to the gut epithelium completely prevented obstruction, but these mice were indistinguishable from CF mice in terms of growth characteristics, length and weight (3). As the organ systems affected by CF do not function in isolation, it is important to know how loss of CFTR in one cell type, tissue or organ affects the function of other cells, tissues or organs, and these novel mouse models provide insight into these interactions. References: 1. Hodges CA, Cotton CU, Palmert MR, et al. Generation of a conditional null allele for Cftr in mice. Genesis. 2008;46:546-52. 2. Mueller C, Braag SA, Keeler A, et al. Lack of Cftr in CD3+ lymphocytes leads to aberrant cytokine secretion and hyper-inflammatory adaptive immune responses. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2011;44:922-9. 3. Hodges CA, Grady BR, Mishra K, et al. Cystic fibrosis growth retardation is not correlated with loss of Cftr in the intestinal epithelium. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011;Jun 9. PMID:21659619.


This paper presents views that Pilgrimage to the West on the one hand criticizes the unfounded, absurd and superstitious components of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism but on the other hand extols the other components of these doctrines that are consistent with the taste and philosophy of life of scholar Officials. Therefore, the combination of these three doctrines in Pilgrimage to the West can be considered as a reflection of the cultural spirit of Chinese Scholar Officials.


Introducing changes to a system in production may sometimes result in failures, and eventual revenue loss, for any industry. Therefore, it is important to monitor the "risk" that each such change request may present. Change risk assessment is a sub-field in operations management that deals with this problem in a systematic manner. However, a manual or even a human-centered AI system may find it challenging to meet the scaling demands for a big industry. Accordingly, an automated system for change risk assessment is highly desired. There are a few commercial solutions available to address this problem but those solutions lack the ability to deal with highly noisy data, which is quite a possibility for such systems. There are literature which proposed methods to integrate the feedback of domain experts into the training process of a machine learning model to deal with noisy data. Even though some of these methods produced decent risk prediction accuracy of the model but such an arrangement to collect feedback from the domain experts continuously has practical challenges due to the limitation in bandwidth and availability of the domain experts at times. Therefore, as part of this work, we explore a way to take the transition from a human-centered AI system to a near-autonomous AI system, which minimizes the need of intervention of domain experts without compromising with the prediction accuracy of the model. Initial experiments with the proposed AI system exhibit 10% improvement in risk prediction accuracy in comparison with the baseline which was trained by integrating the feedback of domain experts in the training process.


Questions from patients and their relatives streamed in to a recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conference call for clinicians about the ongoing outbreak of rare fungal infections linked to contaminated steroids from the New England Compounding Center (NECC), a compounding pharmacy in Framingham, Mass.


In the implementation of quality education,it is important to explore the best educational programs and measures under the guidance of quality education ideas.National defense education is,in essence,an overall and comprehensive quality education for students out of the nation's and people's fundamental interests through effective educational forms and methods.National defense education in colleges and universities can help promote the fostering and improvement of students' ideological and political qualities,scientific and cultural qualities,physical quality,and psychological quality;and it is an important means of quality education for college and university students.To allow full play to the "fostering" function of national defense education not only meets the requirement of the modernization of national defense in the new era,cultivating people's national defense awareness and enhancing their national defense conception,but also meets the requirement of quality development in modern education,improving college and university students' comprehensive quality and vigorously promoting the development of quality education in colleges and universities.


 Abstract — This paper investigate some methods for converting single band antennas to multiband antennas so that all single band antennas convert in multiband antennas and gives multiband facility without increasing the cost of manufacturing. Simulation is performing on Ansoft HFSS and corresponding result are shown by figures.Impedance bandwidth, antenna gain and return loss are observed for the proposed antenna. This proposed patch antenna is suitable for implementing low cost and high stable pattern. Details of the measured and simulated results are presented and discussed.


Over the past few years, I have been studying the cognitive processes associated with diagram construction for problem-solving. My goals in this work have been to understand (a) the mechanisms underlying acquisition of diagram construction skills in the context of problemsolving and (b) how diagram construction contributes to forming a mental representation of a problem. Previous work (Anzai & Katz, 1989; Katz Anzai, 1990) focused on how students learn diagram construction in a well-defined problem solving domain: elementary physics. Longitudinal analysis of subjects' verbal and diagram-drawing protocols uncovered distinct changes in the diagram construction methods employed and the role played by the diagram in problem solving. The basic result from this work is a description of how two initially independent processes, constructing diagrams and making inferences (from the diagram and relevant equations), combine to form more efficient problem-solving strategies. As subjects learn to represent relevant information succinctly in a physics diagram, these diagrams begin to highlight those problem solving steps (i.e., calculations) that are likely to lead to solution. When an analogous problem is encountered later, subjects use their knowledge of the calculations likely to be involved in the new problem to structure their diagram specifically to aid with these calculations. With simple physics problems, diagram construction is largely a reactive process: a more


: Pyrethroid insecticides are recommended for use in long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) due to their low mammalian toxicity and fast action. Currently pyrethroid resistance has been reported in western and eastern Africa, therefore monitoring resistance is important in all malaria endemic countries. The overall goal of this study is to monitor resistance levels in malaria vectors in Okitipupa. Susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticides was determined in Ayeka, Idepe, Igbodigo and Okitipupa districts of Okitipupa town using WHO test. Three sentinel sites from each district were selected and mosquitoes were collected from each sentinel site. The collected Anopheles mosquitoes were reared to adults in the insectary of the Department of Biological Sciences of Olusegun AgaguUniversity of Science and Technology, Okitipupa. Two to five days old An. gambiae mosquitoes were assessed for resistance levels to Pirimiphos-methyl (0.25%), Lambdacyhalothrin (0.05%), Bendiocarb (0.1%), Permethrin (0.75%) and Propoxur (0.1%). Knockdown time (KDT) was recorded up to 60 minutes and maintained for 24hrs post-exposure on 10 % glucose solution, after which mortality was recorded. The susceptibility test showed that mosquito mortality after 24 hrs for Pirimiphos-methyl was 25%, Lambdacyhalothrin was 0%, Propoxur was 75%, Bendiocarb was 100% and Permethrin was 50%. This study revealed development of resistance to Pirimiphos-methyl, Permethrin and Lambdacyhalothrin in An. gambiae s. l. across all sentinel sites. The implication of this was discussed and suggestion for monitoring was made before this problem becomes widespread in Okitipupa town.


BackgroundAdvance care planning (ACP) is an iterative communication process about patients' values and preferences for future care. The general practice setting can provide opportunities for ACP, but deficits remain in its initiation due to barriers at the patient, general practitioner (GP), or health care system level. A complex intervention may be necessary to reduce barriers. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a complex ACP intervention for patients with chronic, life-limiting illness in general practice (ACP-GP).MethodCluster-randomized controlled trial with randomization at the GP level. The intervention consists of a patient workbook, GP training, ACP conversations, and a documentation template. Outcomes were the 15-item ACP Engagement Survey for patients and the ACP Self-Efficacy Scale for GPs. Linear mixed models evaluated differences at 3 months (T1, effectiveness evaluation) and 6 months (T2) post-baseline. Analysis was per intention-to-treat.Results35 GPs and 95 patients were randomized. Patient ACP engagement did not differ between the intervention and control group at T1 (baseline-adjusted mean difference, 0.34;95% CI, -0.02 to 0.69;p=0.062) or T2 (baseline-adjusted mean difference, 0.20;95% CI, -0.17 to 0.57;p = 0.28). for GP ACP self-efficacy, there were no significant differences between groups at T1 (baseline-adjusted mean difference, 0.16;95% CI, -0.04 to 0.35;p = 0.11) or at T2 (baseline-adjusted mean difference, 0.11;95% CI, -0.09 to 0.31;p = 0.27).ConclusionACP-GP did not improve patient engagement and GP self-efficacy more than usual care. Both groups showed patterns of increase from baseline. Trial procedures and the COVID-19 pandemic that coincided with the trial may have increased awareness about ACP, which may have also stimulated the control group to conduct more ACP than expected. It may be necessary to also look further at what patients and surrogate decision makers want and need from the ACP process.


It was found recently that the effect of the nonunidirectional energy exchange at two-wave interaction expands an opportunity of using the cubic photorefractive crystals for application in nonlinear optics. In this work, we show that this effect leads to a rotation of polarization of the weak signal wave after interaction with strong pump wave relative to the signal wave polarization on exit of the crystal in the absence of interaction.


Nurses working in rural and remote areas of Australia often have an expanded role compared to their counterparts working in metropolitan areas. Recent changes in legislation recognise and attempt to accommodate some of these differences. The most important area in which differences exist is that involving the medication of clients. This report describes the results of a study of the medication practices of nurses extant in rural and remote Queensland in 2001 and 2002 and addresses issues concerning the compliance with recent state legislation of that practice.


Long‐term parenteral nutrition (PN) administration can lead to PN associated liver diseases (PNALD), of which the molecular pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Animal studies in preterm piglets and several mouse models have shed light on the mechanisms underlined. To date, the roles of bile acids (BAs) and their signaling pathways involved in the development and progression of PNALD are still unclear.


In order to selecting and determine fusants of A.punctata f. intestinalis 58 20 9 and Myxococcus piscicola G 4.The qualitative and quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility test was used to screen the genetic markers of protoplast fusion between these 2 bacterria .The results show that these two bacteria are crosstolerant to erythromycin and gentamicin. On this basis ,the pratical concentrotions of these two antimicrobes in the selective mediumplate are determined. Therefore the genetic markers of A.punctata f. intestinalis 58 20 9 and Myxococcus piscicola G 4 , are screened.They are E r m(erythomycin resistance) and G r m(gentamicin resistance) respectively.


The invention discloses a fine classification method for commodity images, and belongs to the technical field of image processing. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, inputting of training samples: dividing classified commodity images into training samples and testing samples, wherein the training samples are usually more than the testing samples; step 2, simple pre-processing: mainly converting the input RGB-format training samples into grayscale images, then normalizing images I of different sizes in an image library into images II of the same size, wherein as the pixels of the images I are 0 to 255, simple processing of dividing all the images I by 255 is carried out to normalize the pixels to 0 to 1, which facilitates follow-up calculation; step 3, extraction of convolution property: firstly, automatically extracting characteristics of the training samples by adopting a convolution nerve network, wherein the characteristics are deep and abstract due to the deep convolution network structure.


The surface-mounted permanent magnet (SMPM) synchronous motor has high torque density and good dynamic response. Consequently, these machines have found applications in electric/hybrid vehicles, where size and volume are at a premium and dynamic response is important for vehicle performance. In these applications, high torque output from the motor is required for short time duration. The high stator current associated with this mode of operation can induce saturation in portions of the motor magnetic circuit and thus introduce saliency into a normally symmetric machine. This phenomenon can be exploited in order to maximize the torque output of the motor for the same stator current. The case of a 75 kW SMPM machine for automotive application is presented. By taking advantage of the saturation induced reluctance torque, up to 4% extra torque output is produced for the same maximum stator current. The improved performance is predicted using FEM calculations and is verified through experimental results.


The basis of food safety depends on hygiene and sanitation. For this reason, the cleaning and disinfection process as well as the used disinfectant substances must not present health risks. The disinfectants used in health industry are those containing chlorine, those containing iodine (iodofors), surface active compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, amphitricha compounds, oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, ozone), alkaline and acidic compounds and etc. In recent years, electrolyzed water has been tested and used in food industry and in other different applications as a disinfectant. Electrolyzed water has certain important advantages to other conventional agents of cleaning, such as effective disinfection, user-friendly, relatively low cost, and being environment-friendly. The aim of this review is to inform about electrolyzed water and its use in food industry.


An agricultural land rail-based automatic tillage device comprises a chassis, an operating platform, lifting mechanisms of the operating platform, middle and externally-hung platform beams, a control device, a communication module, a monitor and a mobile electrical connection interface. The device is characterized in that the communication module, the monitor, the mobile electrical connection interface and related manipulators are in signal connection with a master control computer through an interface circuit. The automatic tillage device can move on agricultural land rails and maintain electrical connection with the external world through the mobile electrical connection interface.


The reaction of a number of N-arylsulfonyl-iminothiocarbonic acid methylesterchloride compounds 1 with nucleophiles is studied by means of stopped-flow analysis. To clarify the reaction mechanism the influence of concentration, solvents and substituents on the rate of the reaction is investigated. The results show that the reaction is of second order. For the discussion of the solvent effects it is necessary to distinguish between protogenic and non-protogenic solvents. The Hammett a-values correlate with the rate constants k' and k, respectively. The steric effect of the amine moiety on the rate constant is of greater influence than the effect of basicity. As a result of our investigation an addition elimination mechanism with an ElcB-step is proposed for the isothioureas.


We present an analysis of the Talbot effect beyond the paraxial regime, where deviation from Fresnel propagation destroys perfect, periodic self-imaging. The resulting interference structures are examples of aberration without geometric optical rays, which we describe analytically using post-paraxial theory. They are similar to, but do not precisely replicate, a standard integral representation of a diffraction cusp (the Pearcey function). Beyond the Talbot effect, this result illustrates that aberration—as the replacement of a perfect focus with a cusp-like pattern—can occur as a consequence of improving the paraxial approximation, rather than due to imperfections in the optical system.


Introduction: Pap smear has been most widely used screening method for cervical cytology since last 50 years. Despite of it reducing morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer by detecting precancerous lesions, false negativity rate of Pap smear is very high. Manual liquid based cytology has been developed as an alternative to conventional Pap smear to overcome its drawbacks. Main advantages of MLBC over CPS are increased percentage of representative cells, better presentation on slide, increased detection of abnormal or dysplastic cell and overall reduced number of unsatisfactory smears. Aim: to compare the number satisfactory smears and sensitivity in detecting intraepithelial abnormalities with both the techniques. Materials and Methods: this was a prospective study done on 200 symptomatic women. The sample of each patient was collected into a preservative vial by a cytobrush for MLBC and with an Ayre spatula directly on a slide for CPS. The results were interpreted according to the Bethesda system. The cases of intraepithelial lesions on cytology were followed and confirmed by histopathology. Results: MLBC showed slightly higher number of satisfactory smears ie. 175 (87.5 %) as compared to CPS (171 ie. 85.5%). The sensitivity of MLBC was much higher ie. 81.8% as compared to CPS which was 36.3%. The pvalue was calculated as 0.15 which was not significant. Conclusion: MLBS was better than CPS in specimen adequacy and lesser obscurance of morphology of representative cells. The number of intraepithelial lesions detected on MLBC was higher but its superiority over CPS is still debatable.


Microarray, developed at the end of the last century, is one of the most significant achievements in biotechnology history. One of the most important applications of microarrays is to uncover the signature genes characterizing different samples or biological states. This application was initially used in individual gene analysis, but recently has been applied to gene set analysis. We compare these two approaches and compare the performance using JProGO (Java Tool for the Functional Analysis of Prokaryotic Microarray Data using the Gene Ontology). JProGO is able to examine microarray data from more than 20 different samples of prokaryotic and thus practical analysis of gene behavior data with regards to Gene Ontology (GO) is made possible. Two Escherichia coli datasets are used to compare the performance of the two analyses. The results show that the gene set analysis is more powerful because of its ability to detect the GO terms according to biological expectation. This research will provide a new platform and opportunities for further research or studies in microarray based gene sets.


One silicone resin sheet, a manufacturing method thereof, and a light emitting diode chip packaging device, the method comprising: applying a first silicone resin composition, forming a first coating layer, the first organic the silicone resin composition comprising a first organopolysiloxane and a second organopolysiloxane; and the first organopolysiloxane to the second organopolysiloxane conversion rate of 5 to 40% of the way of the reaction, the a precursor layer of the first coating layer; and a layer thickness direction of the front coating at least one surface of the second silicone resin composition forming a second layer, the second silicone resin composition the third organopolysiloxane-containing fourth organopolysiloxane, and hydrosilylation catalyst comprising a curing retarder tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide.


Seems like everyone is focusing on baby boomers as they enter a new phase of their lives, but vision in particular is a big topic. And why wouldn't it be? What is more critical to healthy aging than maintaining healthy vision?


This work concerns the usage of the internal stiffness and damping nonlinearity for vibration suppression in a van der Pol–type mechanical self-excitation system. Changing the vertical or horizontal damping could limit the growth of the flow-induced instability. Applying harmonic balance method, the energy transfer for the self-excitation vibration is investigated through the limit circle. The steady amplitude of the limit circle is a key parameter that could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the self-excitation oscillation suppressing. Increasing horizontal damping could reduce the rate of roll on for the steady amplitude curve of the limit circle, but the critical flow velocity for the limit circle occurring is minimally affected. Increasing vertical damping could increase the critical flow velocity, but the rate of the roll on is virtually unaffected when the parameters are properly chosen.


Socialism as installed political System of the State began its almost fifty year existence in Crotia with the revolutionary movement in May 1945, immediately after the end of World War • . It was then that the Independent State of Croatia, that came into being in 1941 during the war, disappeared and Croatia became part of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia as a separate and distinct republic. The new Yugoslavia had Ixen divided Ixtween the East and West blocs at the Yalta Conference. Nevertheless, the socialist system set up as a result of the triumph of communism was closely linked to the Soviel Union which during the peri(Kl Ix tween 1932 and 1953 had to undergo the dictatorshlp of Stalin. In 1945, Croatia became part of the communis) world. during the mature period of the personality cult. ThrOUgh Yugoslavia it was tightly linked with the Soviet 1 Inion and rapidly passed through all the political. economic and eultural changes that accompany the revolutionary installation of a new social order. This direct and forceful Soviel influence. imposed by politics and ideology. lasted for only three years. After the Cominform Resolution of 1948. certain changes came about. Tito broke with Stalin, and all of a sudden Soviet influence was considered undcsirable. The ideological earmarks of socialism gradually changed, so that from the fifties the self-management concept slowly began to Ix* installed. This was later to dominate both Croatia and Yugoslavia as a whole. Stalin s death in 1953 and the end of the Stalinist era in the literal sense did not have any political influence on the Situation in Croatia. Before beginning to address the problem of architecture in the 1945-1953 period, it is necessary to provide a framework of the economic and eultural circumstances in which architecture was Ixing created. This was the time of postwar reconstruetion and buttding which was manifested in the intensive construetion of apartments, schools. houses of culture. sports facilities and the administrative and managemeni buildings of the new authoritics and the communist pany on the one hand. and roads and great industrial plants on the other. The state was the only investor. Nationalization and the confiscation of property were carried out. This meant that the private ownership of property was reduced to the minimum. The introduetion of norms for housing requirements provided the context for, and the manner of, residential housing construetion. The Five-Year-Plans of the State w ere dominated by an area that just built up space and w hat it contained. Building was then much more imponant than architecture. It was numbers and results that were in demand, and architects were pushed into the background.' In the centralization process, vast State planning bodies were set up. w hich were only in the fifties to be broken up into smaller and more effective Units." Individualiry was systematically repressed. The field of eultural activity and artistic expression was dominated by the idea of satisfying the regulation and ideologically determined eultural needs of the populär masses, and. especially in painting and sculpture, by the glorification of the revolution and of labour, alongside a studied avoidance of any suspicion of influence from the decadent West. In Yugoslavia. and also of course in Croatia, a turning point was marked by the Writer's Congress in Ljubljana (Slovenia) in 1952. At this congress, the Croatian writer Miroslav Krleza gave a notable speech attacking socialist realism in the arts. Furthermore, the work of the Zagreb painting group 'Exat 52' brought current world thinking into Croatian artistic work. This was the end of socialist realism in Croatia, which had never actually put down very deep roots.


ABSTRACT This paper is prompted by a series of recent high-profile decisions emanating from the apex courts in the US and Australia – namely, Mayo and Myriad – on the patent eligibility of gene-based inventions. Adopting a comparative approach, this paper critically examines whether isolated gene sequences and diagnostic methods qualify as patentable subject matter in several leading jurisdictions, including the US, Australia, Europe and the UK. An attempt will also be made, after carefully considering various arguments on both sides of the policy debate, at predicting what the future might hold (or, perhaps more accurately, at suggesting what the future ought to be) for gene patenting and the patenting of diagnostic methods in the global biotechnology landscape.


Background: Descriptive studies on peer-led online support communities (often designed as discussion boards) suggest the presence of empowering processes, such as emotional- and informational support, recognition, understanding, and insight. However, studies on the effects of online peer support on wellbeing showed mixed findings. This might be caused by a lack of longitudinal studies testing the effects of solely peer support (i.e., peer-led communities with no professionals or other therapeutic elements involved), while such peer-led communities are common online and accessible to everyone. Besides, previous research rarely considered the influence of individual differences, even though patients have different levels of participation in an online support community and cope with illness-related emotions in different ways. Therefore, there is a need for longitudinal studies explaining when and why peer-led communities are beneficial.
Objective: The current longitudinal study tested the interaction effects of online activity and emotional coping strategies on psychological wellbeing among Dutch breast cancer patients. Studies showed that cancer patients generally benefit from actively approaching emotions rather then avoiding emotions. Because online communities confront patients with (often emotional) experiences of peers, we expected that patients who actively cope with emotions would benefit more from online participation than patients who approach their emotions less actively.
Method: Breast cancer patients visiting a Dutch online peer–led support community filled out a T0 and T1 survey with 6 months in between (n=109), assessing online activity within the online support community, emotional approach coping and psychological wellbeing. We also included potential covariates, such as social support from family and friends, illness stage, and received professional psychological help. We conducted within subjects ANOVAs to test change in wellbeing over time.
Results: Results showed three way interactions of time (T0-T1), online activity, and emotional approach coping on depression (F(1, 88)=8.160, p=.005, η2ρ =.085) and on emotional wellbeing (F(1, 89)=4.506, p=.037, η2ρ =.048). Online active patients (+1SD) who approached their emotions actively (+1SD) did not experience a change in wellbeing over time, but reported highest wellbeing overall. However, patients that scored low on emotional approach coping (-1SD) benefited the most from active participation (+1SD); they reported the lowest score on wellbeing at T0, but emotional wellbeing increased (p=.029) and depression decreased (p=.073) over time. For patients who scored low on online participation (-1SD), active coping with emotions (+1SD) resulted in an increase in emotional wellbeing (p=.005) and a decrease in depression (p=.044), while approaching emotions less (-1SD) caused an increase in depression (p=.080) and no change in emotional wellbeing (p>.10) over time.
Conclusions: The current study is one of the rare studies that examined causal effects of peer-led online support group participation, and showed the importance of individual differences in coping style. Actively participating in an online peer support community is particularly helpful for patients who approach emotions less actively; their wellbeing increases significantly over time. One explanation might be that online interactions intensify emotional disclosure behavior. Another clarification is that other online processes compensate for negative effects of avoiding emotions. []


Plant biology research is now at the vanguard of research in the biological sciences, with breakthroughs in our understanding of basic processes in plants matching those with other organisms. The impact of physiology, molecular genetics and the availability of model crop species can be ensured in all facets of plant biology. The practice of planting different variants of the same crop in adjacent plots to promote the production of hybrid seed is used widely today by farmers and plant breeders, and has probably been practiced for millennia. By inserting genetic material into the plant's normal genome, crop varieties have been developed to resist an array of pest problems using biotechnology tools. As a result, these crops have been grown without using certain pesticides necessary on conventional crops (e.g. Bt crops). In some cases, the biotechnology-derived crop achieves the potentiality to control of plant pests effectively and bio-friendly that is not easily possible by other way. Another hand, biotechnology derived crops are resistant to certain herbicides that injure conventional crop varieties. Planting the biotechnology-derived herbicide-resistant crop has created the opportunity to use the associated herbicide, which often provides effective and less expensive weed control measures.


This paper adoptes innovative SWOT model to evaluate the technology competitive advantage of a information company in Shanghai.It then compares the evaluating result with the technology development strategic objective to review the reasonability and practicability.At last,it puts forward suggestions to improve technology competitive advantage through gradual change, systematic change and break-through change.


540 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: B6846129219/2020©BEIESP DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.B6846.029420  Abstract: This paper presents the control of the wind energy system (WES), based on the doubly fed induction machine in generating mode (DFIG) using Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique based on fuzzy logic control. The performances of the conventional Integral Proportional (PI) and Fuzzy-PI controllers are compared with respect to the speed variation of the generator. The objective of the control strategy based on Fuzzy-PI controller is to ensure perfect tracking of the rotor speed and control the current regulation loops. The performances of the fuzzy-PI controller are studied via simulation on the Matlab/Simulink. We obtained perfect results that show the value of using a fuzzy PI controller.