Objective:To analyze the biological behavior of tissue-engineered smooth muscle in vitro,and to evaluate an effective way in constructing tissue-engineered smooth muscle,which provide a new method for repair of women urethral injury.Methods:Adipose derived stromal cells(ADSCs)were transfected by adenovirus vector transforming growth factor-β1(Ad-TGF-β1).The cell morphous,transfection rate and cell cycle were observed.Tissue-engineered smooth muscle was constructed by chitosan/collagen(Cs/Col)braces in the following ways:ADSCs were encapsulated with gels containing TGF-β1 plus oscillating seeding and static culture(group A),ADSCs were encapsulated with gels containing TGF-β1 plus static culture ADSCs(group B),and ADSCs were encapsulated with gels containing TGF-β1gene transfection plus oscillating seeding and static culture(group C),and ADSCs were loaded in static seeding(group D).Scan electron microscope and confocal laser microscope were used to observe cellular pattern and survival rate,as well as cell activity,collagen type Ⅲ and DNA level were detected at 1,4,8,12,16,20,24,28days.Results:New tissue showed more remarkable cell ingrowth with abundant extracellular matrix in group C,compared with other groups,the survival rate in group C was significantly higher(P0.05).The levels of cell activity,collagen type Ⅲ,and DNA were significantly higher than other groups(P0.05).Conclusions:gels encapsulation of TGF-β1 gene combined with oscillating seeding promotes the cell proliferation and improves the quality of tissue-engineered smooth muscle.It provides a new mode for treatment of urethral injury by cell transplantation.


This article describes staged simulation, a technique for improving the run time performance and scale of discrete event simulators. Typical network simulations are limited in speed and scale due to redundant computations encountered both within a single simulation run and between successive runs. Staged simulation proposes to restructure discrete event simulators to operate in stages that precompute, cache, and reuse partial results to drastically reduce redundant computation within and across simulations. We present a general and flexible framework for staging, and identify the advantages and trade-offs of its application to wireless network simulations, a particularly challenging simulation domain. Experience with applying staged simulation to the ns2 simulator shows that staging can improve execution time by an order of magnitude or more and enable the simulation of wireless networks with tens of thousands of nodes.


Software Defined Networking (SDN) has emerged as a technology which can replace the prevalent vendor based proprietary CLI networking devices. SDN has introduced applications based network control and provided various opportunities and challenges for research and innovation in these networks. Despite many advantages and opportunities in SDN, security is a matter of concern for developers who want to invest in SDN. In this paper we are analyzing the SDN security issues with their countermeasures. We have generalized four use cases threat model that should cover security requirements of SDN. These use cases are: (I) protect controllers from applications, (II) inter-controller protection, (III) protecting data plane or switches from controller, (IV) protecting controllers from malicious switches. We found that these SDN components are inter-related if one is secure another one is already secure. We also compared the SDN and traditional network security in terms of these four use cases and provide the insights for protection mechanism and security enhancements. A framework for the development of a SDN security application has been presented based on ryu controller. We believe that our threat model will help various researchers and developers to understand current security requirements and provide a ready reference to tackle vulnerabilities and threats in this area. Finally, we identify some open research problems and future research directions with a proposed security architecture. Keywords—Software defined networking (SDN); openflow; control plane; data plane; controller; programmability


A topology optimization design method for prestressed plane entity steel structrues is proposed. The optimization mathematical model is established in such a form that the cables' pretension force and the structural topology are design variables, the structural total strain energy is constrain condition, and the minimum structural weight is the objective function. Then, the cables' pretension force can be determined by minimizing structural strain energy (maximizing structural stiffness). After that, the method of evolutionary structure optimization (ESO) is applied to achieve structural topology optimization by deleting elements with low strain energy, and the structural weight is also reduced. The example result coincides with the corresponding structural performance, which indicates the proposed optimization design method is feasible.


How to rebuild a new humanism is an important subject in building the socialist ideological civilization with the socialist value system as its core.The construction of the new humanism under the guidance of Marxism involves combining many elements like the fine Chinese ancient culture,fine capitalist culture and Marxism.In this way,a modern socialist culture with Chinese characteristics can be constructed.


Abstract As a consequence of the ongoing development of enhanced computational resources, theoretical chemistry has become an increasingly valuable field for the investigation of a variety of chemical systems. Simulations employing a hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) molecular dynamics (MD) technique have been shown to be a particularly promising approach, whenever ultrafast (i.e., picosecond) dynamical properties are to be studied, which are in many cases difficult to access via experimental techniques. Details of the quantum mechanical charge field (QMCF) ansatz, an advanced QM/MM protocol, are discussed and simulation results for various systems ranging from simple ionic hydrates to solvated organic molecules and coordination complexes in solution are presented. A particularly challenging application is the description of proton-transfer reactions in chemical simulations, which is a prerequisite to study acidified and basic systems. The methodical requirements for a combination of the QMCF methodology with a dissociative potential model for the description of the solvent are discussed. Furthermore, the possible extension of QM/MM approaches to solid/liquid interfaces is outlined.


ABSTRACT A compact analytical representation of the asymptotic covariance matrix, in terms of model parameters directly, of the quasi maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE) is derived in autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models with possible nonzero means and non-Gaussian error terms. For model parameters excluding the error variance, it is found that the Huber (1967) sandwich form for the asymptotic covariance matrix degenerates into the inverse of the associated information matrix. In comparison to the existing result that involves the second moments of some auxiliary variables for the case of zero-mean ARMA models, the analytical asymptotic covariance in this article has an advantage in that it can be conveniently estimated by plugging in the estimated model parameters directly.


The utility model relates to a flexible base material, in particular to a flexible base material with a refractive index matching layer. The flexible base material is sequentially provided with a base material body, a hard coating and the refractive index matching layer from bottom to top. The hard coating is made of polyacrylate materials. The base material body is flexible optical-grade PET and is made of polyethylene glycol terephthalate. Compared with the prior art, the flexible base material has the advantages that the technical scheme that the surface of the PET base material body is coated with the high refractive index matching layer is adopted, a high refractive index layer in the current technique is replaced, the technical process is simplified, and the production yield and the productivity are improved.


The Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry has long strived to assess the likely post-earthquake condition of structures. Recently, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center has developed an appropriate basis for seismic damage assessment, including cost estimation and scheduling for post-earthquake building rehabilitation. However, without proper visualization these numbers may fail to communicate the actual operability of the building after an earthquake. The proposed methodology relies on the integration of tools currently available to the AEC industry such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), a fourth-generation programming language, a relational database management system and construction management tools within the PEER Center framework. This process is automated through the development of appropriate software and it is applied to a one-story reinforced concrete moment-frame (RCMF) building, providing the BIM with data about elements' damage state, 3D damage assessment visualizations, the expected rehabilitation cost and duration for different levels of seismic intensity. Hence, engineers and developers have the unique opportunity to create a holistic picture of any RCMF building's seismic behavior, which is comprehensible by non-engineer owners, customers and shareholders.


The loss-of-RHR (residual heat removal systems) during mid-loop operation is one of the relatively high-risk events in pressurized water reactors. In order to increase reliability of transient analyses, the code scaling, applicability, and uncertainty methodology has been applied to evaluate the loss-of-RHR event, and a PIRT (phenomena identification and ranking table) for the event was developed. Based on the PIRT, important thermal-hydraulic behaviors during a loss-of-RHR event have been evaluated, and major results are summarized in this report. Reflux condensation by a steam generator is expected to be one of substitute methods of RHR cooling. In that case, countercurrent gas-liquid flow in the hot leg, which consists of horizontal, elbow and inclined sections, affects the reactor cooling system pressure and coolant level in the core. In order to evaluate flow patterns and CCFL (countercurrent flow limitation) characteristics in the hot leg, therefore, air-water experiments using small-scale models were carried out, and numerical simulations were conducted using a two-fluid model in FLUENT6.3.26. The calculated flow patterns and CCFL characteristics agreed well with the data. Flow patterns in the hot leg, which were split by the CCFL curve, were stratified flow without CCFL and wavy mist flow under CCFL conditions. Keyword: loss-of-RHR; reflux condensation; countercurrent flow; PWR hot leg


The persistence and toxicity of heavy metals in the environment is of global concern. Powdered biomass from the stem of Diceriocaryum eriocarpum plant (DEP) was characterised and applied as a possible biosorbent for the uptake of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The bulk density and moisture content of DEP stem were found to be 0.7026 g/mL and 5.36%, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis showed the stability of the biosorbent up to 200 o C. Results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a flasky and crack filled surface morphology. The Brunauer-Emmett Teller (BET) isotherm gave a total surface area of 2.5052 m 2 /g. XRF analysis revealed the presence of calcium as the major element present. Experimental data from Fourier-Transform Infra-red spectrometer indicated the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, amino and nitro functional groups. The biosorbent showed 95.4%, 54.9% and 16.3% uptake efficiencies for Pb(II), Cr(VI) and Cu(II), respectively. Kinetic data for the biosorption of Pb(II) gave a Pseudo-second order as the best fitting kinetic model. The equilibrium data obtained best fitted into the Freundlich isotherm model (R = 0.99) than the Langmuir (R = 0.98) model. Powdered stem from DEP is a suitable biosorbent for the uptake of heavy metals from aqueous solution.


The short‐time Fourier transform has been shown to be a powerful tool for non‐stationary signals and time‐varying systems. This paper investigates the signal moments in the Hardy–Sobolev space that do not usually have classical derivatives. That is, signal moments become valid for non‐smooth signals if we replace the classical derivatives by the Hardy–Sobolev derivatives. Our work is based on the extension of Cohen's contributions to the local and global behaviors of the signal. The relationship of the moments and spreads of the signal in the time, frequency and short‐time Fourier domain are established in the Hardy–Sobolev space. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This article analyzes the criteria of the 'Democracy Index' in countries, from 2017-2022, published by 'The Economist', aiming for an objective and comparative evaluation using the DARIA-TOPSIS method for temporal multicriteria assessment. The DARIA-TOPSIS method identified that among the top five ranked countries, the four most democratic ones are Nordic countries, with only New Zealand included in third place. Furthermore, the social and institutional trust, crucial for citizen participation observed in C_3 (Political Participation), reflects the high quality of democracy. These countries consistently exhibit high voter turnout rates and foster an active civil society culture in political decisions, as identified in C_1 (Electoral Process and Pluralism). Moreover, the variability of utility function values was better captured by the DARIA-TOPSIS method compared to a ranking based on average performance values (TOPSIS). However, the final order obtained by the methods generally coincides with or is very close.


Photonic crystal (PC) is a popular optical material used in various fields, especially in the field of anti-counterfeiting. Multiple approaches for PC fabrication including top-down and bottom-up methods with different advantages were investigated in past decades, but several problems still remain to be solved. In this paper, a newly developed methodfor3D PC fabrication called room temperature bending-induced oscillatory shearing (RT-BIOS) technique is introduced with outstanding advantages, and comparisons between RT-BIOS and several other typical methods have been done. The newly investigated RT-BIOS approach shows outstanding advantages like industrial-level fabrication and low energy cost and has nearly unlimited prospects.


For many astrophysical sources with jets, there is evidence of the contemporaneous presence of disks. In contrast, pulsars such as the Crab and Vela show jets but have not yet revealed direct evidence for accretion disks. Here we show that for such pulsars, an accretion disk radiating below detectable thresholds may simultaneously account for (1) observed deviations in the braking indices from that of the simple dipole, (2) observed pulsar timing ages, and (3) possibly even the jet morphology via a disk outflow that interacts with the pulsar wind within, collimating and/or redirecting it.


The effects on normal polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) of chemotactic and chemokinetic factors in sera from normal subjects and Infection‐prone patients wan examined by means of the leading‐from technique, using a modified Boyden chamber. The analysts schema used made it possible to differentiate between chemotactic and chemokinetic factors and demonstrated that different factors account for the major chemotactic and chemokinetic activities of serum. The major chemotactic activity of unactivated serum was heat‐labile, and the chemotactic activity of factor XII‐deficient sera was normal, suggesting the major chemotactic activity to be distinct from C5a and factor XII‐dependent pathways. The existence of both heat‐stable and heat‐labile chemokinetic factors was shown. The possibility that the reduced chemokinetic effect of several patient sera was caused in abnormal levels of the serum proteins γ1‐antitrypsin, γ2macroglobulin and albumin was excluded.


The aim of this research is to prove and analyze the effects of transformation
leadership, organizational commitment, entrepreneurial oriented to organizational
performance at Cooperation Entreprises in Surabaya City.
Population of this research is cooperation enterprises in Surabaya City to own
much more asset Rp. 1 billion and own two more business units for manage. Sample
of this research is 94 cooperation enterprises with selected by purposive random
sampling method and cooperation enterprise of each to uses 3 commissionership and
5 membership for count response mean value by with sample representativeness
cooperation enterprise. This research uses questionnaire as major instrument. The
questionnaire will be in form of Likert Scale with answer option from Disagree to
Very Agree with range value 1-5. The questionnaire with statement items to
transformational leadership, organizational commitment and entrepreneurial oriented
will be response to membership and statement items organizational performance will
be response commissionership cooperation enterprises. Data gathered will be
processed by using Path Analysis techniques that assited by program SPSS version 20
and AMOS version 20.
From 6 hypotheses proposed, 4 hypotheses are significance accepted and 2
hypotheses are rejected. So that the conclusion of this research for the hypotheses
significance accepted are : (1) transformational leadership have positive and
significance effects to entrepreneurial oriented, (2) organizational commitment have
positive and significance effects to entrepreneurial oriented, (3) entrepreneurial
oriented have positive and significance effects to organizational performance,
(4) simultaneously transformational leadership and organizational commitment have
positive and significance effects to entrepreneurial oriented at Cooperation
Entreprises in Surabaya City; and then hypotheses the rejected are :
(5) transforamational leadership effects to organizational performance, and
(6) organizational commitment effects to organizational performance at Cooperation
Entreprises in Surabaya City.
The others conclusion of this research are indirect effects the transformational
leadership and organizational commitment to organizational performance, and so
essentially entrepreneurial oriented variabel as likely intervening variable to
organizational performance reraltionship at cooperation enterprises research in
Surabaya City
Key Words : transformational leadership, organizational commitment,
entrepreneurial oriented, and organizational performance at
cooperation enterprises.


Summary

The majority of 164 strains of micrococci and staphylococci isolated from fresh pork, curing pickle and maturing bacon were able to grow at 4°. Greater proportions of strains from brine and bacon tolerated high salt concentrations than did strains from pork. Added nitrate seemed to have a protective or stimulative effect, increasing tolerance. The proportion of the strains able to reduce nitrate to nitrite was large; but it decreased with increasing salt concentration and it is doubtful whether these organisms can reduce nitrate in curing pickles under curing conditions. Strains from all three sources survived incubation in high salt broths and curing pickles much better at 2–3° than at 30°, and there is little doubt that many of the original contaminants of the pork sides could survive the curing process.


The distribution of Si and Al cations over the framework of dealuminated faujasites has been analysed by a Monte Carlo procedure, and the results have been compared to earlier 29Si NMR data. Modelled materials are dealuminated according to different criteria in order to determine the main characteristics of the actual dealumination processes. We find that the cation distribution after partial Al removal depends on the dealumination method. In particular, this distribution is more homogeneous for specimens dealuminated with SiCl4 than for those dealuminated by following a hydrothermal method. In the latter case, an appreciable gradient of atom concentrations is present, indicating that the dealuminating agent acts effectively only on a partial volume of the treated material. In all cases considered, dealumination yields cation distributions far from that of the state of lowest free energy.


Anyone who has observed groups is well aware of divergent forms of behavior that are demonstrated within a group setting, especially groups' reactions to particular individuals. This paper will examine groups' reactions to silent members.


This paper discusses Akan oral literature in the media, concentrating on Radio and TV. The paper looks at the various oral literary genres performed via these modem media of communication. The paper further discusses the adaptations that are made in response to the needs and circumstances of the urban environment. It hints at the change in oral literary genres from interpersonal face to face interaction to sound and air waves interaction.


Marijuana apart from its slight usage in certain medical departments is a very harmful drug if consumed on a regular basis. Detection of Marijuana in blood is a must to identify the addicted person and provide treatment. In current study, we have proposed detection and analysis of drugs in blood by using the Photonic Crystal (PHC) based sensor. A two-dimensional PHC based double ring resonator structure is thereby used to detect its presence. Here, we have used GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) substrate. The objective is to provide fabricator an ideal basis for the production ready design. While designing our emphasis was not compromise on efficiency and sensitivity of the device. MEEP Simulation tool was used for implementation of Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method for modelling the double ring resonator structure. Output transmitted spectrum shows shift in frequency because of change in refractive index due to presence of Marijuana in blood (analyte). The sensor can differentiate between the signature of normal and drug infected blood. A high quality factor obtained of 27,692 for normal blood and 17,149 for marijuana contaminated blood. The novelty of the work is use of GaAs and double ring resonator structure.


An opposed-piston caliper body includes a pair of acting portions adapted to be disposed one on each side of a disc rotor. Each of the acting portions has at least one cylinder bore defined therein, and a piston slidably inserted in the at least one cylinder bore. A bridge interconnects the acting portions. The cylinder bores defined in the acting portions are disposed out of axial alignment with each other. One of the acting portions has through holes defined therein in confronting relation to the cylinder bores defined in the other of the acting portions.


Abstract Downsizing is a popular response to organizational decline. Considerable effort has been exerted to help managers reduce the short-term negative consequences of downsizing. Little has been exerted to help understand, as a prelude to prescribing, the longer-term dysfunctions of downsizing. In this article we explore one such long-term effect: the impact on the organization's career structure. We argue that different forms (delayering or cutting units) of downsizing have different impacts on the firm, depending on its initial career structure. The incidence of downsizing has increased dramatically over the past 7 years. The recent recession was shallower in Europe and North America than were past troughs in the economic cycle, but was sustained for a longer period ("America's sluggish recovery," 1993; Ip, 1992). As a result, organizations that might have tried to sustain employment for a short recession have, owing to the length of the recession, engaged in successive waves of downsizing. More recently, profitable companies such as ATT Warr & Jackson, 1987; Warr, Jackson, & Banks, 1988), as well as on those remaining in the organization (including the problem of how to prevent or exploit survivor guilt: Brockner, 1988; Brockner, Grover, O'Malley, & Glynn, 1993; Hardy, 1987). This focus has persisted in attempts by both researchers (Cameron, 1994; Cameron, Freeman, & Mishra, 1991) and practitioners (the Wyatt Company, 1994) to understand how best to undertake a downsizing episode in the organization. More recently, some attention has been paid to factors affecting employee retention and even countercyclical hiring (Greer & Ireland, 1992; Latack, 1990). Clearly, however, downsizing is not a unitary phenomenon, and more recently authors have turned their attention to the factors that affect the kind of downsizing that occurs. Most authors have taken some variant of Tushman and Romanelli's (1985) viewpoint that change comes in two sizes, evolutionary and dramatic, which they call convergence and reorientation. Freeman and Cameron (1993) provide a series of hypotheses that basically define when downsizing follows a convergent or reorientation path. In this article we ask the question: Is it possible to explore systematically the consequences of different kinds of downsizing for the structure of career opportunities in an organization? We consider this question from two points of view. First, we look at the impact of downsizing on patterns of mobility, and second, we review what impact, if any, these changes have on the developmental processes experienced by managers making their careers within the downsized organization. The impacts we shall be considering are steady-state impacts, that is, those concerning the situation that follows the upheaval of the downsizing itself. This is not because we consider the upheaval to be unimportant; quite the contrary. But most research and writing on downsizing so far has tended to focus on the trauma surrounding the downsizing event, and our aim is to take a somewhat longer view. …


Total tumor resection in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is difficult to achieve due to the tumor's infiltrative way of growing and morphological similarity to the surrounding functioning brain tissue. The diagnosis is usually subjectively performed using a surgical microscope. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a hand‐held optical touch pointer using a fluorescence spectroscopy system to quantitatively distinguish healthy from malignant brain tissue intraoperatively.


Previous research has demonstrated the utility of acoustic energy density measurements as a means to gain a greater understanding of acoustic fields. Three spherical energy density probe designs are under development. The first probe design has three orthogonal pairs of surface mounted microphones. The second probe design utilizes a similarly sized sphere with four surface mounted microphones. The four microphones are located at the origin and unit vectors of a Cartesian coordinate system, where the origin and the tips of the three unit vectors all lie on the surface of the sphere. The third probe design consists of a similarly sized sphere, again with four surface microphones, each placed at the vertices of a regular tetrahedron. The sensing elements of all three probes are Panasonic electret microphones. The work presented here will expand on previously reported work, and address bias errors, spherical scattering effects, and practical implementation issues. [Work supported by NASA.]


The utility model relates to a water inlet valve adjustment handle structure of an electric water heater, and the water inlet valve comprises a valve shaft, a valve shaft gear, a water inlet valve adjustment handle, a bottom cap and a shell. The water inlet valve adjustment handle structure of the electric water heater is characterized in that through rotating the water inlet valve adjustment handle, the valve shaft gear is driven to adjust the opening angle of a water inlet valve, a gear on the handle is matched with the valve shaft gear and the gear is used for transmission so as to amplify the adjustment angle of the water inlet valve, so that the structure is compact and space-saving, the assembling is easy and the operation is simple.


Handmade sketches of different shapes roof structures, often with openings, are outlined on plain sheet of paper. Then, they are transformed by a 2D mesh generation and applied to FEM calculations. Algorithm where only main coordinates of nodes are used as user input data is studied by the Authors. Shape of the surface, its curvature and openings are detected through the procedures developed in the C++ programming language. A particular emphasis is put to the automation of the process. At a present version the method is used for rectangular shapes, which are quite common in civil engineering structures e.g. building elevations. Detection and processing algorithms are implemented with a usage of a library based on a open code called OpenCV. The computer software is described in this paper and some examples are given


White carbon is a specific crystalline material of carbon element.The microstructure of white carbon is a linear carbon chain characterized by sp~1 hybridization of the atomic orbitals,which is different from diamond with sp~3 hybridization and graphite with sp~2 hybridization.Preparation and structure characterization of white carbon are summarized.The potential application of white carbon is also prospected in this paper.


A dual-path Thomson scattering (DPTS) system was developed to measure electron temperature and density in a GAMMA 10/PDX central cell (CC) and an end cell (EC). The DPTS comprises CC Thomson scattering system (CC-TS) and an EC Thomson scattering system (EC-TS). In the CC-TS, we developed a multipass system to improve the signal intensities and time resolution. In the EC-TS, a double-pass system was developed as a preliminary step in developing a multipass system. In a previous EC-TS, the optical components for the double-pass configuration were placed in a vacuum vessel. To reduce the influence of stray light and facilitate alignment, a hole for the double-pass laser path was made on the partition wall in the vacuum chamber such that the probe laser could be extracted into the atmosphere and the double-path configuration could be easily adjusted. We applied DPTS to detached plasma experiments and successfully measured the core and edge electron temperatures and densities with the detached plasma experiments with the additional application of supersonic molecular beam injection and central electron cyclotron heating in the core plasma to simultaneously introduce intermittent particle flux.


Information regarding upcoming and past development opportunities sponsored by the Newman University Staff Professional Development committee a guide for staff to use Dugan Library resources


A comparison between the multiple‐region (MR) and dual‐grid (DG) finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) methods for the analysis of antenna arrays is presented.The application of both methods shows that the DG‐FDTD method is more accurate when computing the mutual coupling between antennas. Besides, it exhibits multi‐surface capabilities that make possible the fast and accurate analysis of antenna arrays, including mutual coupling and edge effects. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2316–2319, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25456


Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the affected period and the amount of bone formation during osteogenesis of intramembranous bone using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LPUS) in vivo. Methods: Xeno-bone (Bio-oss) and autogenous bone were grafted bilaterally into mini-pig mandibles. The left mandible served as the control and the other mandible was treated with 3 MHz, 160 mW (output, 0.8 mW) ultrasound stimulation for 7 days 15 minutes per day. The mini-pigs were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and micro computed tomography (μCT), a microscopic examination, and a statistical analysis were performed on the specimens. Results: Based on a computerized image analysis of the μCT scans, the experimental group had an average 150% more new bone formation than that in the control group. The effect of LPUS continued during the post operative 2 weeks. The histomorphological microscopic examination showed similar results. Conclusion: Our results suggest the LPUS had an effect on early intramembranous bone formation in vivo.


[13331-27-6] C6H6BNO4 (MW 166.93)

InChI = 1S/C6H6BNO4/c9-7(10)5-2-1-3-6(4-5)8(11)12/h1-4,9-10H

InChIKey = ZNRGSYUVFVNSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(reagent for derivatization of diols and diamines for GC; reagent is useful as an efficient Lewis acid catalyst and green cross-coupling reagent in palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling)

Physical Data: mp 289–291 °C.

Solubility: sparingly soluble in nonpolar solvents; soluble in polar organic solvents such as DMF and DMSO.

Form Supplied in: faint yellow crystalline solid.

Purification: treat the crude compound with a base (generally a concentrated solution of NaOH) to afford a salt of the boronic acid. Isolate the substantially pure salt of the boronic acid from impurities by solvent extraction and so on. Treat the purified salt with an acid to afford the boronic acid.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the title compound can be handled in air without special precaution. To prevent atmospheric oxidation and autooxidation, store under an inert atmosphere. Upon exposure to air, dry samples of the boronic acid may be prone to decompose rapidly to give the anhydride, which is considered to be an initiator of autooxidation. Hence, it is often better to store the boronic acid in a moist state. The compound presents no particular toxicity.


The precedence relationships between the operations are important constraints in planning and scheduling of manufacturing systems and project management. This paper presents a method to obtain a global solution for operation sequencing with precedence constraints which are one of the most influential factors in the performance of planning and scheduling problems. An adaptive evolutionary approach for the problem is developed by employing the adaptive evolutionary operation functions to obtain a sturdy and good solution for relatively large problems in a reasonable amount of computational time. Sensitivity of solutions that imply a degree of sturdiness is considered by a modified fitness function. Computational experiments for the model are performed and the results are analyzed.


A sample of suspended particulate matter in the indoor air of a steel welding workshop located in an industrial area of Raipur was collected and analysed for toxic metals (Cu, Co, Cr, Cd, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn and Hg). A sample of the welding electrodes was also analysed. The occurrences of the heavy metals in the suspended particulate matter were found in the order: Fe > Mn > Cr > Zn > Ni > Pb > Cu > Co > Hg > Cd. The same order was found in the electrode material, which suggested the transfer of toxic metals from the welding electrodes to the particulate matter generated in the workplace during the arc welding process.


Summary Aiming at the maintenance of biodiversity and healthy ecosystem in the world – vital issues of the 21st century – it is important to preserve linguistic diversity and prevent the increasing language endangerment, thus ensuring the support of linguistic human rights. The author presents a comprehensive explanation of the key terms related to linguistic diversity and language ecology and investigates if educational language rights in international and regional Charters/Conventions support the maintenance of indigenous, tribal and minority languages (the world's linguistic diversity), thus preventing language endangerment. The answer is that most educational systems in the word today support linguistic genocide in relation to indigenous, tribal and minority children's language rights, by providing subtractive education as capability deprivation (according to Amartya Sen), which leads to poverty and violation of human rights in general. The author also argues why linguistic diversity and language rights are important for the maintenance of biodiversity and thus a healthy ecosystem.


By the mid-19th century about 200,000 miners were employed in a UK coalmining industry still growing with the advance of the Industrial revolution. Coalminers were long known to suffer poor health and a shortened lifespan but the link to inhaling dust in the coalmines had not been made. In 1813 George Pearson was the first to suggest that darkening of lungs seen in normal individuals as they aged was caused by inhaled soot from oil, candles and coal burning that were the common domestic source of heat and light. In a published case report in 1831 Dr James Craufurd Gregory of Edinburgh first described black pigmentation and disease in the lungs of a deceased coalminer and linked the two to pulmonary accumulation of coalmine dust. Gregory hypothesised that the black material seen at autopsy in the collier's lungs was inhaled coal dust and this was confirmed by chemical analysis carried out by Professor Sir Robert Christison, the Edinburgh physician and toxicologist. Gregory suggested that the coal dust was the cause of the disease and warned physicians in mining areas to be vigilant for the disease in their patients. This first description of what came to be known as Coalworker's Pneumoconiosis sparked a remarkable intellectual effort by physicians in Scotland, culminating in a large body of published work which led to the first understandings of this disease and its link to coal-blackened lungs. The present paper sets out the history of the role of Scottish physicians in gaining this understanding of Coalworker's Pneumoconiosis in the 19th century. It also describes Gregory's case and the lung on which Gregory based his landmark paper, which has recently been discovered in the pathology collection of the Surgeons Hall Museums, Edinburgh, where it has lain un-noticed for over 180 years. Page 3 Donaldson, Coalminer's lung In the 19th century coal was the principal fuel needed by the ongoing industrial revolution in the UK. Physicians who saw symptoms of chronic lung disease in coalminers commonly described this disease as miner's phthisis, miner's asthma or miner's consumption. However, its relationship to Phthisis pulmonalis, a generic term used to denote a wasting disease seen in the general population and centred on the lungs and generally caused by tuberculosis (TB), was not known. In the early 19th century physicians, whilst aware of a few diseases linked to occupation, did not consider that coalmining was linked to a specific lung disease or that exposure to coalmine dust might be harmful. Darkening of lungs in the general population The increase in autopsy, along with the development of anatomical pathology and morbid anatomy in the teaching of medicine from the 16th century onwards, meant that lungs were being dissected. Anatomists observed and commented upon the black pigmentation of the pulmonary tissue and lymph nodes in ordinary citizens, becoming more marked as they aged. The burning of oil and candles for lighting, which was the norm in buildings prior to the 20th century produced a very smoky environment both indoors and outdoors in cities as noted by contemporary authors (1;2) . Inhaling this smoky air on a daily basis would have resulted in pulmonary deposition of considerable amounts of black particles. Dr George Pearson (1751-1828) who was a graduate of Edinburgh University, in a paper to the Royal Society in 1813 (3), was the first person to correctly suggest in the open medical literature that an exogenous, airborne source was the cause of black pigmentation of lungs in the general public. In his paper to the Royal Society in 1813 he describes the exogenous source of the black pigment as:'..sooty matter taken in with the air at respiration and accumulated in proportion to the duration of life..' (3) Page 4 Donaldson, Coalminer's lung Despite Pearson's paper, when Laennec addressed the issue of the origin of black pigment in the human lungs in his famous treatise on auscultation six years later (4) he generally believed that the 'black matter' he saw in lungs and bronchial glands was derived from the blood. He comments that the lung black matter is so common that:'...we can hardly consider it as a morbid production. It is found more or less abundant in the lungs of almost every adult, and seems to increase with the age of the individual..' (4) Laennec did not discuss coalminer's lungs but the later English translators of his work (4) have appended notes to Laennec's section on the origin of the 'black pulmonary matter' referring the reader to Pearson and Gregory/Christison as well as Carswell (see later). Coalminers, melanoptysis and phthisis In the early 19th century the industrial revolution was in full swing in the UK and coal was required as its principal fuel. By the 1830s, the period under consideration in this paper, about 200,000 British miners were producing around 36 million tons of coal per year (5). Coalworker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) is the scarring lung disease seen in coalminers as a consequence of the accumulation of coal-dust in their lungs (6). Whilst the subtleties of the pathobiology of CWP or its cause were not known to physicians in the 19th century they were aware of the health impacts associated with coalmining including cough, dyspnoea, cachexia and especially a particular condition known colloquially as 'black spit' or melanoptysis (7;8). In coalminers in fact melanoptysis can be of two quite distinct types. The melanoptysis of the classic 'black spit' is only found in a miner with severe CWP where the fibrous lesions of Progressive Massive Fibrosis (PMF) develop, then undergo necrosis and cavitation. If the cavity erodes into an airway, coal-dust and liquefied lung tissue may then enter the airways from where it is expectorated as the copious black spit (9;10), hereafter this is referred to as McPMF i.e. the melanoptysis of cavitating PMF. In a miner with healthy lungs, or at least not suffering from cavitating PMF, the Page 5 Donaldson, Coalminer's lung melanoptysis is different, with the sputum more-or-less normal in quantity and grey in colour. This colour is imparted by coalmine dust deposited in the lungs which is undergoing normal clearance by the muco-ciliary system; this form of haemoptysis is hereafter referred to as Mclearance. Making the link between working in a coalmine, black lungs and CWP; the Gregory paper In a paper published in Edinburgh in 1831 (11) James Craufurd Gregory MD, FRCPEd, FRSE, (1801-1832) was the first to make the link between working as a coalminer, black lungs and the development of a scarring and cavitating lung disease. All major authorities give Gregory primacy in making this link e.g. (5;6;9;12). The original lung specimen on which Gregory based his famous paper was recently discovered by the authors in the Surgeons Hall Museum collection of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. The paper, (11) begins with what amounts to a public health warning confirming that Gregory immediately understood the implications of his finding.:'..I am induced to publish the following case, partly because I have not hitherto met with the record of any similar affection; and partly with a view of calling the attention of those practitioners who reside in the vicinity of the great coal mines, and who may have charge of the health of the miners, to the existence of a disease, to which that numerous class of the community would appear to be peculiarly exposed..'(11) Gregory then goes on to describe John Hogg, a 59 year-old man who had worked locally as a miner and who came under Dr Gregory's care in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh on the 29th of March 1831. His symptoms were typical of chronic lung disease like CWP and its cardiac sequel cor pulmonale. His health continued on a downward trajectory and by early April his peripheral oedema worsened and his dyspnoea became more urgent. His sputum became much more copious, and '..of a peculiar dark gray Page 6 Donaldson, Coalminer's lung or nearly black colour..' a classic description of McPMF indicating underlying cavitating PMF. He died on 18th of April 1831, 3 weeks after entering Dr Gregory's care. An autopsy was carried out and Gregory noted the striking appearance of the lungs :'..When cut into, both lungs presented one uniform black carbonaceous colour, pervading every part of their substance..' (11) Gregory's description is of the typical appearance of advanced complicated CWP with lesions of PMF with cavitation and nodules throughout the lungs:'..the right lung was disorganised .. with several large cavities .. a considerable portion of the pulmonary substance ..was dense, hepatized and friable..the rest of the lung was somewhat condensed and oedematous...minute hard points could be felt in various parts of both lungs..'(11) Having found the pervasive black pigment throughout the lungs and accompanying lung disease in Mr Hogg's lung, Gregory then describes his thought process:'..The question here immediately presented itself, whether this ought to be considered as a case of infiltration of the substance of the lungs by the peculiar matter of melanosis ? or whether the black colour of these organs depended merely upon the habitual inhalation of a quantity of the coal-dust with which the atmosphere of a coal-mine must be constantly charged,..' (11) The role of Professor Sir Robert Christison Fortunately, at that time, Professor Robert Christison (Figure 1) worked close to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh in The University of Edinburgh. Christison was one of the few people in that period who could justifiably call himself a toxicologist and was famed at that time for his involvement as a forensic witness in the Burke and Hare murder trials 2 years previously. He had studied toxicology in Paris under Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila (1787 – 1853) a Spanish physician often referred to as' The Modern Father of Toxicology' (13). He had also been trained in analytical chemistry by Pierre Jean Robique


Is it possible to enhance point cloud accuracy and density by merging Lidar with photogrammetry technologies? Lidar data can penetrate trees and measure shadow areas to produce a very accurate point cloud. Passive imaging cameras derive a more detailed 3D model and encode point clouds with multispectral information, resulting in a useful coloured point cloud classification. What if were possible to merge these technologies? What effect might neutral density filters have on point cloud colours? This article explores quantitative and qualitative point cloud enhancement in more detail.


The will for limiting CO2 emissions has prompted ambitious clean energy policies in most developed countries. The electricity sector is particularly addressed by these initiatives. The adoption of renewable energy portfolio standards (RPS) or similar technology-oriented energy roadmaps is widely on the scope of policy makers. Nevertheless, the physical effects that such voluntarist targets would have over the stability of today's power systems, as well as their links with current electricity markets, use to be oversimplified when not overlooked on the energy policy debate.


. The objective of the study is to make the typology and identify the determinants of the accessibility of agricultural holdings to index agricultural insurance in the food zone of South Borgou in Benin. Data were collected from 320 heads of maize-producing farms in the three pilot municipalities. The producers were categorized into prosperity level classes of qualitative typology method, supported by Factor Analysis in Multiple Correspondence (AFCM). The binary logistic regression method determined the factors that influence the adoption of this insurance. Analysis of the data allowed to categorize the farms surveyed into rich (8.90%), medium (15.10%), poor (29.70%) and very poor (46.30%). In total, 68% of rich and medium holdings were insured against 33.30% for the very poor with a significant difference at the threshold of 1%. Thus, the factors which significantly influence the adoption of agricultural insurance at the 5% threshold are: access to formal credit, contact with extension, cultivated area, membership of an association and level of prosperity. These factors are important in promoting index agricultural insurance.


This annual report, 'The quality of drinking water in the Netherlands in 2004', highlights the results of the monitoring programmes of the Water Supply companies over the year 2004. The Inspectorate for VROM (Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment) is responsible for upholding the Drinking Water Act, reporting both to the Minister and the Dutch parliament. RIVM manages the data and produces the annual report, while testing the quality data according to the standards for the Drinking-Water Act 2001. The regulations on the quality of the drinking water were, also in 2004, well-observed. The number of drinking-water treatment plants (67=31%) with one or more non-compliances increased in 2004 by 6% compared with the year before, turning out the same as for 2002. This amounted to 60 - 90 treatment plants over the 1992-2004 period. A large number of the non-compliances are incidental. Nitrate showed no non-compliances for 2004, while four pesticides showed a single non-compliance. The year 2004 was the first year in which the pesticides Bentazon and Mecoprop were not detected in amounts exceeding the standard for the drinking water at a small treatment plant. Treatment had been enhanced with activated carbon filtration. The concentration of nickel was found to be structurally higher than the standard in drinking water at one treatment plant. This was due to the groundwater quality. The Minister extended the derogation period for the water supply companie to 31 December 2005. The non-compliances for the parameter, three halomethanes, on two sites are due to end at the end of 2005, after UV disinfection has been introduced. Legionella was only detected once in treated water from 206 treatment plants (non-pathogen species); however, Legionella was detected in drinking water at 11 locations in the distribution system in relatively low numbers. These bacteria belong most probably to a non-pathogenic species. The legislation for Legionella prevention came into force at the end of December 2004. In conclusion, none of the non-compliances caused an impact on public health. The quality of the drinking water in general is good.


A method was develped to predict the service life of propellers as a function of ship operating conditions based on the results of water tunnel of scale models. The method involves quantitative measurement of the erosive nature of cavitation in terms of the "erosive impact intensity" which is defined as the rate of formation and the size distribution of cavitation bubble collapse pits formed on a soft metal exposed to the cavitation. Model tests demonstrated that the erosive impact intensity so measured is very sensitive to propeller design and simulated operating conditions and should be a useful criterion for optimization of propeller design. Erosive impact intensity of cavitation measured on a full-scale propeller provided knowledge of the scaling relationships for cavitation erosion and led to the formulation of an equation to predict erosion rates of propellers in service.


In the paper, Fuzhou, Shaowu and Xiamen are taken as the threechief representative observational stations of acid rain in Fujian Province. Based on the observational data of pH value in the precipitation from January 1992 to December 2000 and the analysis of the corresponding weather situation on land surfaceand 850hPa, some statistic relations between acid rain and the weather background are obtained.


In this bachelor thesis i deal with the topic of kidney transplantation. It is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part avers anatomy and physiology of the kidney, kidney transplantation, indications and contraindications for transplantation, organ allocation, medical investigation before transplantation, pre-transplant preparation and post-transplant care.
In the practical part I analysed 35 questionnaires completed by workers from three different medical facilities. In these medical centres the immediate preparation for a kidney transplant is performed. Questionnaires are focused on the immediate preparation of patients for kidney transplantation.


INTRODUCTION: Cerebral cortical development is a highly complex process influenced by environmental, genetic and functional abnormalities. Hemimegalencephaly (HME) is a rare brain malformation that involves overgrowth of one hemisphere. Clinically macrocephaly, mental retardation, contralateral hemiparesis, hemianopsia and intractable epilepsy may be present. Diagnosis is mainly done with image and clinical findings. MRI typically reveals an enlarged cerebrum involving at least one lobe, with a thickened cortex; broad gyres; abnormal gray-white matter differentiation with abnormal sign; neuronal heterotopia, ventricle asymmetry, and basal ganglia and internal capsule abnormalities. Electroencephalographic abnormalities usually involve the affected hemisphere, with an asymmetric amplitude of the normal, age-related rhythms; slow, rhythmic or fast activity and multifocal unilateral or bilateral high-amplitude spikes and spike-wave complexes. Histopathologic changes include abnormal gyrification, with loss of cortical lamination, neuronal heterotopia, gliosis, large bizarre neurons and balloon-cells. The presence of highly refractory seizures in patients with HME is an important factor to consider epilepsy surgery in these patients. METHODS: Multiple surgical techniques are actually being used for hemispheric disconnection. We discuss here the main surgical techniques that are used for hemispheric disconnection. CONCLUSIONS: Postsurgery outcome for HME may be not as good as that for focal lesions with approximately 40% of patients being seizure free, but the main indication for surgery in these patients may be preventing additional cognitive injury and developmental delay. Surgical complications are observed in most of the series of patients with HME submitted to hemispheric surgery. Minimal resections may contribute do diminish surgical complications.


This paper models trip distribution in fuzzy multi-commodity transportation network, and indicates its dimension consideration. First, current trip distribution is learned by an approximation function for each commodity. Then, a quadratic model is used to calibrate these functions and the implementation of the proposed model is demonstrated through the use of a numerical example.


Segmentation, targeting, and positioning are the most important keys to a successful marketing strategy in the hospitality industry. Among these three...


Aims Cardiff CASC Training (CCT) has provided structured and formal training for the CASC exam for Wales trainees since 2012, in conjunction with Wales Deanery. For the past 8 years CCT has delivered face-to-face mock CASC exams and received excellent feedback from candidates and examiners, in addition to an extremely positive outcome of improvement in CASC pass rate for candidates. Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic restrictions delivery of the mock CASC examination had to be adapted with the aim of running it remotely via an online platform. Method The examinations were run online via Zoom due to its ease of use, including the ability to screen share candidate instructions and assign participants in to breakout rooms. One lead exam coordinator manually rotated candidates around the circuit of 16 stations. Result A total of 16 candidates sat the mock exam over two separate sittings. Written feedback was obtained from candidates and examiners. Limitations identified during the initial sitting included high logistical workload for the lead exam co-ordinator and Zoom not being supported by all hospital computer internet browsers, these issues were addressed prior to the second sitting. Feedback from candidates regarding the overall experience of the online exams ranged from 'extremely effective' to 'very effective', this is in line with feedback obtained following previous face-to-face mock exam events CCT has run. Conclusion Although online learning may feel very different to the face-to-face interactions we are all used to we are in an era where adaption is necessary. These online mock CASC examinations have been a success and are also in keeping with how the real CASC examination is currently being run by the Royal College of Psychiatrists. CCT are running a further online mock examination to support the next cohort of candidates through their CASC exam in this particularly challenging time.


The purpose of contemporary university education is to strengthen the capacities of understanding academic texts of future professionals as autonomous agents who manage their learning. Within this framework, the article aimed to determine the degree of relationship between cognitive strategies and the compression of academic texts in Peruvian university students, in order to have a cognitive profile of those entering the university. The study population consisted of 172 first cycle students. The methodology used was descriptive - correlational cross-sectional. It was concluded, due to the correlation coefficient of Spearman's Rho equal to 0.7929 and the estimated P-value of 0.001 lower than the significance level (0.05), that there is a high positive correlation between cognitive strategies and comprehension of the students' academic texts, although this relationship is not decisive.


of Mark vi 3 when it attributes to the people of Nazareth the query concerning Jesus, "Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James... ?" For those conditioned by the Christian ) or Muslim2) traditions the phrase "Son of Mary" is familiar, but a little reflection on the customs of the ancient Near East reveals the exceptional character of this identification of Jesus. A man was regularly identified by the name of his father. Thus b. Yebamoth 54b says "... and only a father's family may be called the proper family" 3). In accord with this general principle there are thousands of instances in the Old Testament or later


The World Health Assembly of 1977 declared a goal of realizing universal childhood immunization by 1990. An October 8 1991 report indicated that 80% of the worlds infants had been immunized thereby attesting to the successful realization of the Assemblys goal. After consistent increases in vaccination coverage over the period 1986-90 however coverage gas fallen in many countries since 1990. Declines have especially affected the most poor and vulnerable of infants and mothers. An increasing number of low-income countries spend less than US$4 per caput/year on health services. Even so a significant portion of available resources have been provided by foreign donors. Paltry domestic resources available for health services are diminishing due to structural adjustment policies debt reservicing falling foreign exchange earnings and the loss of trained personnel through migration and diseases like AIDS. Further adverse economic conditions have prompted donors to encourage recipient countries to foot their own bills for vaccinations. Poor countries are hard pressed to independently support the costs of immunizing their peoples. Largely unable to cope under existing conditions poor countries will be under even greater strain due to population growth civil conflict environmental degradation food insecurity and AIDS. Foreign donors are truly needed to make significant investments in vaccines equipment transport and other coasts for nationwide immunization campaigns. Whether or not such funding is eventually forthcoming planning must consider the need for local control of decision making local needs and resources and the need for more time to realize sustained achievement.


(51) Int. Cl." ......................... G06F 15/173; G06F 15/16 A method for balancing traffic acroSS paths connecting a network to the Internet using a fractional allocation Strategy for distributing the traffic from a congested Selected path. The strategy includes: (a) associating the paths j with a counter i; (b) calculating the total initial Selected path overload; (c) calculating the Selected path load, wherein the load is equal to the initial Selected path overload less the Sum of the low capacity boundary for i path(s); (d) calculating the portion of the traffic on the selected path to be distributed using a bi-sectional Search Strategy; (e) distributing a portion of the traffic on the selected path to the other paths; and (f) Stopping if there are no more paths (i=), otherwise increas ing the numerical value of the counter by one (1) and go to Step (c).


Arreguin-Lozano and Bonner (2) have reported that when potato phosphorylase, prepared by the original method of Hanes (5), acts upon glucose-iphosphate (G-1-P) in the presence of material extracted from potatoes by 80 % ethanol, the course of the reaction may be considerably modified. It was claimed that addition of extracts from potatoes stored at 250 C reduced the color intensity of iodine complexes of the polysaccharides formed, whereas no effect was observed when extracts from potatoes stored at 00 C were added. Color intensity was measured in the Klett-Summerson colorimeter, presumably using a red filter, and it was assumed that the readings provided a valid measure of the relative phosphorylase activity of the enzyme digests under all the experimental conditions used. Accordingly it was concluded that an inhibitor of phosphorylase was present in potatoes stored at 250 C which disappeared after two to three weeks storage at 00 C. It was further suggested that the supposed inhibitor is an important factor in regulating phosphorylase action and that its absence at low temperatures accounts for the well known sweetening phenomenon. Potato phosphorylase has proved difficult to prepare free from contaminating enzymes which can act upon the polysaceharides derived from G-1-P, and Hanes showed that secondary degradation of the reaction products occurred with preparations made by the original procedure. For this reason measurement of the intensity of iodine stains alone is unlikely to provide an accurate measure of the relative phosphorylase activity of such preparations. The effects of ethanol extracts have now been re-examined, following the course of reaction by changes in the color intensity of iodine stains, by measuring the free phosphate released and as well by a study of the reaction products. The phosphatase (or a system yielding free glucose and phosphate from G-1-P) contaminant of the type of enzyme preparation used has been shown (10) to account for only a very small fraction of the free phosphate produced, so that estimates of free phosphate are likely to provide a more trustworthy guide to phosphorylase activity than are measurements of iodine stains. The observation that addition of ethanol extracts of potatoes stored at 250 C profoundly affects the iodine staining properties of the reaction products has been confirmed, but concurrently with the reduction in intensity of iodine stain there was an increase in the amount of phosphate released, suggesting that phosphorylase action was accelerated and not inhibited. It is considered that these effects of ethanol extracts can be attributed to two major factors, the


Abundances of the rare-earth elements (REE) in nine pelagic sediments from the Pacific Ocean floor were determined. Gross features of the REE patterns for the studied samples are similar to those of the North American shale composite (HASKIN et al., 1966), but rather small but clear differences from this shale composite can be discerned. Namely, the North American shale composite appears to have no europium anomaly, whereas all of the studied samples show negative europium anomaly. Besides, there appears to be a difference in the position of the break of the curve between the shale composite in question and the Pacific pelagic sediments. A sample from. near the equator shows the highest REE content. A fact that, despite the considerable difference in longitude, three samples from latitudes of 38-44°N show almost the same REE contents, is considered to reflect ocean current and westerly wind being parallel with the latitude for this belt. The REE contents of these three samples are similar to those in a Japanese granodiorite (JG-1). In addition to REE abundances, the major chemical constituents are also presented for each sample.


Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mixed behavioral disorder that exhibits symptoms, such as carelessness and hyperactivity–impulsivity. To date, existing ADHD diagnosis methods rely on observations by observers, such as parents and teachers, which limits the ability to reflect objective evaluation. In this study, to overcome this limitation, we proposed a multiple RGB-D sensor system that can objectively measure the amount of action and attention of children playing a robot-led game. In addition, a classifier was developed to classify children into ADHD, ADHD risk, and normal groups using the multilayer perceptron and data obtained through sensors. The effectiveness of the developed system for ADHD screening was verified. In this study, the priority of abnormal behavior indicators designed for ADHD screening was measured, the features with the highest priority were selected using a feature selection method. Eight hundred and twenty-eight children participated and were classified into the ADHD, ADHD risk, and normal groups, and the results were compared with the diagnosis by clinicians. The proposed system achieved sensitivity of 97.06% and 100%, and specificity of 96.42% and 94.68% in the ADHD and ADHD risk groups, respectively.


Purpose: To report the case of a 14-year-old female patient with one-and-a-half syndrome subsequently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis involving the pons.Case summary: A 14-year-old girl without any underlying disease presented with difficulty focusing and mild headache for 5 days. The patient showed conjugate gaze palsy to the left, limited adduction in the left eye, and abducting nystagmus in the right eye, which indicated one-and-half syndrome. T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple punctate hyperintensities in the pontine tegmentum, bilateral cerebral white matter, and cerebellum. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed oligoclonal bands and multiple sclerosis was diagnosed. The patient was treated with intravenous steroids and beta-interferon. Seven weeks later, limitation of eyeball movement and nystagmus had resolved completely.Conclusions: At the young age of 14 years, a patient presenting with one-and-a-half syndrome was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Children with multiple sclerosis may experience severe physical and cognitive impairments, and brainstem involvement predicts an especially poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and active treatment may help to prevent poor outcomes.


Passage of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) last year emphasized the urgent need for the formulation of viable criteria and interim standards limiting the exposure of increasingly large segments of the U.S. population to environmental chemical toxicants. Unfortunately, current methods of developing these standards are both time-consuming and costly. The resulting need for a priori predictive techniques to assess the inherent potential of chemicals, such as the halocarbons found in chlorinated waters, for inducing adverse biological effects, has led to the use of a number of analytical methods designed primarily for screening large numbers of chemical compounds before they impose unacceptable environmental hazards, frequently of crisis proportions. Four of the techniques best adapted to dealing with the multifactorial environmental problems of chemical health effects will be briefly described: (1) quantitative structure/activity relationships (QSAR); (2) factor analysis (FA); (3) pattern recognition/artificial intelligence (PR/AI); and (4) molecular connectivity (MC). While it is clear that none provides easy answers, it would appear that the more recent areas of PR and MC both merit more intensive investigation as predictive tools. In particular, the relative simplicity of the MC approach and the possibility of substantially reducing the empirical component are attractive incentives for pursuingmore » further work in this area.« less


Health equity interventions undertake the challenging work of mitigating the effects of racism, classism, ageism, homophobia, and ableism, which produce and sustain health disparities. 1 These structural factors are the root causes of negative social determinants of health, fundamentally influencing the extent to which members of systematically excluded communities are able to achieve and maintain health. 2 Community health worker (CHW) programs—long heralded as a best practice for reducing health disparities 3 —reflect the core tenets of health equity interventions. As a community-based public health workforce, CHWs are cost-effective, 4,5 patient-centered, 6 and reduce chronic disease disparities in low-income, ethnic minority communities. 7 As an Institute of Medicine discussion paper noted in 2015, studies have demonstrated that CHWs are so effective that "if these were the results of a clinical trial for a drug, we would likely see pressure for fast tracking through the FDA." As members of the communities where they work, CHWs possess an intrinsic understanding of the needs of those they serve, which is central to who CHWs are and what they do. They engage in advocacy, resource linkage, emotional and social support, and health outreach. They are, indeed, deserving of their designation as essential workers. Community health workers have emerged as heroes during the COVID-19 pandemic and are gaining broader recognition for their invaluable work. 8 The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 allocates $250 million to aid community-based organizations and public health departments in hiring CHWs for COVID-19 vaccination efforts, as well as $3 billion to shore up municipal health departments through hiring and retaining CHWs. This financial commitment reflects mainstream acknowledgment that incorporating CHWs into the fabric of social, medical, and public health systems is essential for strengthening national public health infrastructure. As we continue to navigate the sociopolitical and economic upheaval catalyzed by the COVID-19 pandemic, we must ask what we can do to marshal long-needed attention and resources to this workforce.


The invention discloses a method for editing a video file. The method comprises the following steps of: buffering acquired video sample and audio sample respectively; according to starting time sample and sample; picking up and decoding the video audio samples which are synchronized for previewing, simultaneously configuring a file header, generating a fragment file, continuously writing the video audio samples which are synchronized in the fragment file; and according to the information on whether the video sample in the fragment file is a key frame, determining a dividing point of the fragment file, adding the index information to the fragment file in which the video audio samples which are synchronized are written, and generating the whole fragment file. The invention also provides a device for editing the video file. Based on the method and the device, the video fragment file which is finally released can be generated when the video fragment file is being edited in real time, so that the release flow is shortened, and the editing efficiency is improved.


Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been shown to influence renin release and promote Na output.'.2 VIP regulation of glomerular and tubular cell function is most likely to be mediated by stimulation of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity.) Recently, a selective, competitive peptide antagonist4 of VIP, which does not inhibit the actions of related agonists on secretin, GRF, or glucagon receptors, has been introduced. This has allowed the confirmation of specific physiological responses to VIP mediated by VIP receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase in several cell types? In order to demonstrate that VIP may have specific physiological actions in renal tissue, rather than pharmacological actions via related receptors, we have examined the effect of (4C1D-Phe6,Leu ")VIP upon agonist-stimulated AC activity in plasma membranes isolated from feline cortical and medullary tissue. VIP (1pM) typically stimulated AC activity 4.1 2 0.23 (SD, n = 3) and 3.1 2 1.2 (SD, n = 3) -fold over basal levels in feline cortical and medullary membranes, respectively. Feline material gave the largest quantitative response to VIP compared with other species examined (guinea pig, rabbit, mouse, and rat). That VIP is capable of stimulating medullary AC is indicative that VIP-responsive elements are not confined to glomeruli. Related hormones to VIP, PHI, glucagon, and secretin all increased AC activity, but to a lesser degree than VIP (FIG. 1). Half-maximal stimulation (EC,,) of AC by VIP was 9.1 5 5.8 nM (SD, n = 3), comparable to AC stimulation in intestinal enterocyte plasma membranes: while that for glucagon (15 5 3.5 nM, SD, n = 3) was similar to that observed in isolated microdissected rat nephron tubule segments.6 Secretin and PHI were less effective in stimulating AC activity with EC,,


The utility model discloses a heat-radiating device for a main board of a computer. In the heat-radiating device for the main board of the computer, two assemblies required to conduct heat are arranged on the main board; two lug bosses are arranged on a cover plate; flexible heat-conducting pads are additionally arranged between the two assemblies required to conduct heat and the two lug bosses of the cover plate respectively; and the two ends of the cover plate are fixed with the main board of the computer through screws. The assemblies required to conduct heat on the main board of the computer are attached to the flexible heat-conducting pads and then are tightly pressed with the cover plate; and by using the lug bosses on the cover plate to carry out the heat transmission and heat radiation, the problem that the main board of the computer conducts the heat is solved. The main board of the computer is mounted on a drawer board; and insulating gaskets are arranged at the connected parts of the screws so as to ensure favorable insulating performance.


At present studying the computational thinking is still at the preliminary stage of theoretical research and Practice at home and abroad, Has not yet formed a perfect system of theory and Practice.This paper takes the "excellence program" class in Yi Chun University as a pilot,from the aspects of training program, teaching content, teaching mode, practice teaching etc,explores the way and the strategy of computational thinking ability training of college students.


We propose a novel cylindrically symmetric hybrid fiber design that allows combining properties of the both fibers guiding light due to total internal reflection (low optical losses) and photonic bandgap fibers (anomalous dispersion at 1 μm). Refractive index profile of these fibers consist of the only few layers: low-index core (ncore-nsilica>0) surrounded with one or more high-index ring layers (nhigh-ncore>0), a depressed layer (ndepress-nsilica<0) and silica cladding. Operating mode is one of the high-order modes (depending on high-index ring layers number) with intensity maximum at fiber axis. Because the other modes (including the fundamental mode LP01) are guided in the high-index ring layer(s) the hybrid mode can be easily excited by splicing hybrid fiber and standard single-mode (λ~1μm) step-index fiber with appropriate mode field diameter. Moreover method of achievement of asymptotically singlemode regime of light propagation (suppression of the high-index ring layer modes) has been proposed. The main idea of it is doping narrow strong absorbing layer where hybrid mode has intensity of electric field closed to zero. Furthermore we have considered possibility to increase anomalous dispersion of the hybrid fiber (up to 100 ps/nm km) by usage more complicated refractive index profile with two high-index ring layers. In this work we have fabricated the technologically simplest hybrid fiber with the only one high-index layer. The hybrid LP02 core mode had dispersion of 13 ps/(nm km) and optical loss of about 6 dB/km. Propagation of chirped pulses through the fabricated hybrid fiber allowed us to compress them from 8ps to 330fs.


T HE term "primary physician" was virtually nonexistent before the report of the Citizens Commission on Graduate Medical Education (CCGME). This report, issued in 1966 and commonly referred to as the Millis Report, introduced a new meaning for the term primary. The CCGME was one of several groups seeking solutions to the increasing fragmentation of health care. Its report, a landmark in medical education in the United States, spoke of the need for comprehensive, continuing care and for the physician who would accept primary responsibility for delivering such care; this physician was designated a primary physician. Previously, primary care virtually had only one meaning in the medical profession: the function of the first physician seeing the patient in any episode of illness, usually in the physician's office. However, any physician providing an entree for the patient into the health-care system in essence was rendering primary care. Secondary care was usually given by a consulting physician either in the form of ambulatory specialty services or inpatient services in a community hospital. Tertiary care, the third level, referred to the highly sophisticated services provided in academic medical centers or equivalent institutions. Upon first perusal of the report of the CCGME I was both horrified and heartened by what I read about the future of the family physician. However, the acute insight of Dr. John Millis, chairman of the CCGME, into the psychosocial and medical issues and trends was readily apparent in the report. Also readily apparent was the necessity for general practice to take a new tack if its survival was to be insured. Dr. Millis pointed out that the title


Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the important vegetable crop, belonging to the family Solanaceae. It features virtually in all the dishes of every household in India, irrespective of food preferences, income levels or social status. As a part of the most basic or sophisticated Indian meal, brinjal is used in the preparation of a number of sumptuous dishes. Further, in recent years brinjal is being exported in the form of products like bainganbhartha, chatni, pickles etc. to Middle East countries. Brinjal is the second most important vegetable growing in India after potato. In the world, brinjal is grown in an area of about 1.86 million hectare, with production of 49.78 million tonnes with a productivity of 26.07 tonnes per hectare (Anon., 2014). In India, it is mainly grown in Odisha, Bihar, Karnataka, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh.


This paper presents the implementation of a users' privacy protection approach in a health Internet of Things (IoT) system. It is composed of a set of security layers based on cryptography, pseudonymization and anonymization techniques applied to processed (Data-In-Use, DIU), stored (Data-At-Rest, DAR) and transmitted (Data-In-Motion, DIM) data. Regarding security and privacy in IoT systems, especially in digital health systems, it is necessary to guarantee that the user rights are respected. This requires a security-in-depth strategy established based on risk-based results, every interconnecting actors, their security and privacy requirements and the specific aspects of the entire ecosystem, including the applications and platform. The presented privacy protection approach was developed and applied in a digital health platform, OCARIoT.


Teaching and learning Methodologies in technical and engineering education has high impact on attainment of Graduate attributes. Studies have proved that class room teaching with mere usage of Black board (BB) and audio visual presentations doesn't effectively involve the student completely in learning. Also evaluation and assessment with midterm exams and end term exams may not give the complete picture of student learning progress. In fact in today's outcome based education the attainment of course learning outcomes require student centered teaching learning procedures and a continuous evaluation procedure. In this paper Focus question based Inquiry based learning an active teaching learning procedure also student centered is discussed. Also how this method is used for continuous assessment is also explained. It is successfully implemented to under graduate and post graduate students of Computer science and Information technology of engineering college, and the results are presented.


An integrated oil spill modelling system was set up for I/S Sjaellandske Kraftvaerker (SK Power). The purpose of the project was to carry out a risk assessment for accidents during transport of Orimulsion 400 and Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) to the Asnaes Power Plant and a subsequent assessment of the environmental effects. The project dealt with oil spill modelling and assessment of environmental risks to the aquatic ecosystem, to seabirds and to the coastal environment. Two fuel products were considered, Orimulsion 400 and Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), with the purpose of comparing the environmental risk associated with the transportation through Danish waters to the Asnaes Power Plant in Kalundborg Fjord. Two spill positions in the northern part of the Great Belt were considered and the fate and effects were modelled for three different seasons. Three different models were combined for modelling of the fate of Orimulsion 400 and HFO spills. A hydrodynamic model was used to provide the basis for the oil spill model, a particle model described the transport of "imaginary" particles and an oil spill fate model described the physico-chemical processes affecting the oil, such as evaporation, dispersion and solubility in the water column. For the two positions (Hatter Barn & Asnaes) the fate of a 17,000 tonnes spill during spring, summer and autumn/winter was modelled for both products. In conclusion the simulations showed that the model is capable of producing realistic scenarios including a comparative assessment of the environmental risks associated with the spill of different oil types. Oil and Hydrocarbon Spills II, C.A. Brebbia & G.R. Rodriguez (Editors) © 2000 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISBN 1-85312-828-7


Summary1. The radiosensitivity of cultures resistant to 1500 iu/ml, 2000 iu/ml, 2500 iu/ml of penicillin, produced from strain E. coli B was examined.2. Cultures in the log-phase were streaked in monocellular layers on the agar surface and exposed to x-irradiation.3. As a result of penicillin treatment cell-filaments consisting of several segments were formed.4. Measurement of viability of x-irradiated cultures proved that penicillin resistant cultures are considerably more radioresistant than the parent strain B, non-treated with penicillin.


Imagine you were put in charge of a country of 2 million inhabitants, most of whom were illiterate, and you were given what seemed to be incredible riches, how would you start to spend the money? This situation was faced by the present Sultan Qaboos of Oman about twenty years ago and the achievements of the sultanate in the ensuing twenty years have been incredible. The level of literacy has improved dramatically. All children are entitled to free education and there are now about fifty Omani students about to enter their first clinical year in their own medical school at Sultan Qaboos University. I recently spent a week in that medical school observing what is their equivalent of 2nd MB. Oman is situated along the southeast edge of Arabia and forms the southern land mass of the Straits of Hormuz. It is a Muslim country but considerably more liberal than most others in Arabia. With the oil riches there has been the development of a good road system, a modern airport, fine hospitals and four years ago the formation of the magnificent Sultan Qaboos University. This, in which the medical school is situated, is a few miles away from Muscat, the old walled city and harbour of northern Oman. The country is very 'pro-British'?even the clock tower of the university chimes the identical tones of Big Ben on the hour! There are roughly equal numbers of male and female medical students and they are taught together?but sit on either side of the room. There are going to be difficult problems ahead for the students who are thoroughly instilled with cultural taboos about touching people of the opposite sex. The problems that will be faced by clinical teachers will be great. My first major gaffe was offering to shake the hand of a fourth year female student. She wrapped her hand in her shawl before accepting my greeting! Students are taught in English and the medical school is staffed by teachers of many nationalities. Many are British but there is also a strong Scandinavian contingent. The Dean is a Canadian psychiatrist and the professor of Child Health is the Omani minister of health. The medical school has a strong community based curriculum. The aim is clearly to try to encourage the development of generalists who will, in the future, staff rural clinical and peripheral hospitals. Medical students, many of whom originate …


-The mayfly genus Isonychia Eaton is divided into two subgenera, Isonychia s.s. and Prionoides, new subgenus, based on distinct morphological features of adults and nymphs of the Nearctic species. Isonychia s.s. is divided into four species groups based on penes form of male imagoes. Descriptions and keys to these subgenera and species groups are provided. Isonychia pictipes Traver is a new synonym of Isonychia arida (Say). Preliminary assignment is also given for the Palearctic, Oriental, and Neotropical species. The genus lsonychia includes approximately 38 species, of which 27 are Nearctic (Edmunds et al., 1976). The remaining species are Palearctic, Oriental, or Neotropical. McDunnough (1931) first suggested that the male imagoes of the North American species of Isonychia could be readily divided into two distinct groups. Traver (1932) termed these groups the "arida" (=sayi of Burks, 1953) and the "albomanicata" ( =bicolor of McDunnough, 1931) groups. She further suggested that the "albomanicata" group may be subdivided into the sicca group using penes form. Traver (1935) and Burks (1953) noted that there were four distinct types of male penes in the Nearctic species. A revision of the Nearctic species by the authors indicated, after careful study of imaginal, nymphal, and egg characters, that Isonychia consists of two monophyletic lineages. Using the criteria of Edmunds (1962), we herein recognize the two lineages as subgenera. Terminology of egg structure follows Koss and Edmunds (1974). Eggs were removed from associated imago females because eggs of late instar nymphs and subimagoes usually were covered with suprachoronic adhesive layers (Koss and Edmunds, 1974; Kapelke and Miiller-Liebenau, 1981). The ratio of the length of the second foretarsal segment to the first foretarsal segment is expressed as the foretarsal ratio. Other morphological terms follow Edmunds et al. (1976). Imagoes and nymphs of all Nearctic species were examined except /. intermedia Eaton, in which case only subimagoes and late-instar nymphs were available. The Palearctic and Oriental species are poorly known. Most available figures of the male genitalia are ventral views, not illustrating important dorsal features. Therefore, the placement of all Palearctic and Oriental species in Isonychia s.s. are tentative. Isonychia alderensis Lewis is a fossil species from Montana (USA) known from Oligocene sediments.


— The so-called first fundamental transformation provides a natural combinatorial link between statistics involving cycle lengths of random permutations and statistics dealing with runs on Bernoulli sequences.


In this article the authors create a model of particle ballistic trajectory, then give the correspond algorithm and the realization in software; along with the calculation function in the same kind of software, this software can simulate the whole process of the pellet flying through the air visually, and build some characteristics to provide the reference for design. At the same time it is provided with the intelligent capture and inquiry function.


Electromagnetic interferences due to on board- devices may differ from what can be expected after unitary on-bench tests. This work deals with the extension to the multipolar case of a previous approach, aiming at ensuring that the on-board device performances will be satisfactory. It is based on the computation of new limits for on-bench tests obtained through a global optimization process. Scattering parameters; multipolar; N-port; Thevenin's theorem; global optimization; Nelder-Mead simplex.


Purpose Tele-care is expected to replace regular home care when an integrated set of health monitoring devices and a communication network enables nursing staff to provide remotely appropriate care. While cost considerations and scarcity of nursing staff are strong motivators for tele-care, the actual effectiveness and acceptance of tele-care systems still falls short of expectations with an attrition rate often higher than 50%. As standard models of technology acceptance are poor predictors of actual adoption of tele-care systems we argue that the theoretical assumptions of models of technology acceptance are inadequate, and that the complexity of tele-care implementation has many facets that are not appropriately factored into those models. The identification of relevant factors will benefit and improve the development and acceptance process of tele-care systems. Method The study is based on a broad range of evaluation studies of tele-care systems, under development or installed in the Netherlands, in which many variables could be observed from the earliest stages of conception up to the full operation and (sometimes) demise of the systems. In addition the assumptions behind technology acceptance models (TAM) have been critically analyzed and serious methodological flaws were identified. Also the deployment of tele-care systems was systematically compared with the introduction of application software in industrial settings as described by TAM theories. Results & Discussion A main reason for poor acceptance level is that tele-care does not materialize as a stand-alone product with a specific and clear functionality, like a TV set or an espresso machine. Tele-care can have a surprising variety of instantiations and functions that easily obscure the functionality for the individual user. Another reason is that, even on somewhat longer trial periods, it is not evident to what extent it supersedes other and earlier functions and services that were available to the client. While many clients claim that their tele-care system is easy to use, its inherent complexity often seriously reduces its actual effectiveness. Currently there is more evidence on factors that reduce the adoption rate, than on those that increase it. We also show that part of the poor predictive value of the technology acceptance models can be explained by an inadequate interpretation of the attitude and intention concepts. There is, fortunately also more recent evidence that the use of assistive systems like tele-care can be promoted effectively by increasing self-efficacy of users. Both introductory individual guidance and errorless learning appear to affect user-system interaction in rehabilitation and tele-care to a considerable degree.


Amphibians are a clade of over 8,400 species that provide unique research opportunities and challenges. With amphibians undergoing severe global declines, taking stock of our current understanding of amphibians is imperative. Focusing on 2016–2020, we assessed trends in amphibian publishing, conservation research, systematics, and community resources. We show that while research and data availability are increasing rapidly, information is not evenly distributed across research fields, clades, or geographic regions, leading to substantial knowledge gaps. A complete review of amphibian NCBI resources indicates that genomic data are poised for rapid expansion, but amphibian genomes pose significant challenges. A review of recent conservation literature and cataloged threats on 1,261 species highlight the need to address land use change and disease using adaptive management strategies. We underscore the importance of database integration for advancing amphibian research and conservation and suggest other understudied or imperiled clades would benefit from similar assessments.


The method of one-center expansion of molecular wave function is applied to the calculation of electronic energies of lower excited levels, 3 ~ 0 +, 3• 1 ~u + and 3• 1 IIu of H 2• As for the ground 1~ 0 + level the present author has already reported some calculations where he stated to have obtained the best value, 3.8 e.V., as the electronic dissociation energy. Unforrunately it was later· found that there were mtstakes in numerical calculations. An alternative 'best' value, 3.28 e.V., will be reported in the second section of the present paper. As a whole, the results of the present calculations may be said moderately satisfiable.


The article is devoted to the autobiographical prose of Austrian writers Barbara Frishmuth and Thomas Bernhard. The material used were works by B. Frishmuth "Monastery School" and T. Bernhard "Cause", in which the features of the "biographical author" are clearly seen. The research is conducted in a comparative aspect. It is reported that in these works devoted to the problem of the keeping girls and boys in boarding schools, the issue of the interaction of religion and the school in the education of children in postwar Austria is raised. Particular attention is paid to the fact that both authors have experience of staying out of the family: the life of B. Bernstein is described in bright colors, and Bernhard's autobiographical prose hopelessness is seen. The selected perspective of the study takes into account women's approach to dealing with problems in the work of Barbara Frishmuth. The relevance of the study is stipulated by the interest of modern Russian literary studies to the trends of development of German-language literature of the XX century, insufficient study of the work of the Austrian writer B. Frishmuth in the domestic literary criticism and lack of a comparative analysis of the autobiographical works of two outstanding representatives of Austrian literature. It is shown that the comparison of the two works may be a part of a more close study of the dialogue between B. Frishmuth and T. Bernhard.


Related departments of government joined in Shengkang Board by Shanghai public hospital management system reform and formed multi-departmental governance.It aimed to restructure the decision-making power,executive power, and supervision power of public hospitals.The board Shengkang as nonprofit organization exhibited the governance characteristics of public department,and balanced the responsibility and right of public hospital owners and runners.The power separation between Shengkang and city level hospitals was also an autonomous reform based on the separation of public hospital owner and runner.While the power separation between Shengkang and government was to explore public hospital reform of its legal person.


Summary Understanding and being sensitive to the needs of persons from another culture is one of the most important abilities for people working in the human service; it is also one of the most difficult abilities to develop in students and in-service professionals. Two videodisc applications on cultural diversity developed at the University of Minnesota Duluth present content related to Southeast Asian refugees and American Indians. Processes used or simulated in these applications include interacting cooperatively with members of the other culture, engaging in problem solving activities, gaining background knowledge on other cultures, comparing and contrasting values, talking directly with people from another culture, and talking with someone who knows both the majority and minority culture. Preliminary research studies indicate that these applications have been well received by human service students at the University of Minnesota, Duluth.


The accounts of the confessional strife unleashed during the French Wars
of Religion reveal much of the attitudes of the protagonists in the conflict
at both a national and a local level. However, an assessment of the reaction
of the population in general to the troubles is far more elusive, due to the
usual silence of our sources on the opinions held by those other than the
instigators and the victims of religious violence. [...]


is exclusively marine, inhabitingdeep waters. It is also called sluggish bottom shark,sometimes occurring in shallow waters, especially onthe continental and insular shelves and upper slopesupto 900 m depth.Western Atlantic, Mediterranean, Pacific Ocean,Australia and New Zealand. The phylogenic positionof this species is as follows:Phylum : ChordataClass : ChondrichthysSubclass : ElasmobranchiiOrder : SqualiformesFamily : EchinorhinidaeGenus :


Development of directly acting antivirals(DAAs) is important to drug therapy for chronic hepatitis C(CHC).Hepatitis C virus(HCV) NS3/4A serine protease is the vitals for the processing and maturation of viral protein precursors and RNA replication.This review focuses on the recent advances in the development of directly anti-HCV agents telaprevir and boceprevir.