Discussions of agent interactions frequently characterize behavior as "Coherent," "collaborative," "cooperative," "competitive," or "coordinated." We propose a series of formal distinctions among these terms and several others. We argue that all of these are specializations of the more foundational category of "correlation," which can be measured by the joint information of a system. We also propose "congruence" as a category orthogonal to the others, reflecting the degree to which correlation and its specializations satisfy user requirements. Then we explore the degree to which lack of correlation can arise purposefully, and show the need to use formal stochasticity in cases where such lack of correlation is truly necessary (such as in stochastic search).


The use of Ti-alloys in the as-cast condition leads to a considerable savings in the manufacturing cos ts. This study aimed at optimizing the mechanical properties of Ti -6Al-4V castings through studying the effect of dif ferent pre-designed heat treatment cycles on the microstructure and mechanic al properties of cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The design a d selection of the heat treatment cycles was made after determination of th e transformation temperatures of the alloy, β-transus (Tβ) and martensite start transformation (Ms) temperatures. The alloy w as characterized before and after heat treatments u sing microstructural investigation in addition to tensile and Charpy imp act toughness tests. The fracture surfaces of the b roken impact samples were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SE M). Finally, the relation between the heat treatmen t, microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V cast alloy was e tablished and the optimum heat treatment cycle tha t optimized the mechanical properties was selected.


Objectives: Parathyroid surgery for hyperparathyroidism has moved from traditional four gland exploration to a minimally invasive procedure with advent of better imaging tools, intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH0 monitoring, and endoscopic techniques. In our hospital parathyroid operation is accomplished with preoperative sestamibi and serum PTH monitoring at D1 post-op. Intra-operative PTH assay is done only in selected patients. Methods: Analyze the outcome of parathyroid surgery at our hospital and correlate pre-operative sestamibi localisation of adenoma with operative findings. Retrospective chart review of 40 patients who had parathyroid operations from 2009 to 2012. Results: The majority of referrals came through GP and were seen at Joint Endocrinology and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) clinic but there were occasional referrals from renal, urology, orthopedics and surgical admissions. Half presented with incidental hypercalcemia and other half had varied clinical presentations like calculi, renal failure, fractures, fatigue, dehydration, acute abdomen etc. Majority (30/40) were females. Age ranged from 22 to 88 with mean of 58. Average operating time was 50 minutes with incision length from 2.5 to 4 cms. Two patients needed 2nd exploration. Postoperative PTH and calcium levels returned to normal in 38/40 patients. 36 had sestamibi scan and localization was positive in 24/36 patients (66.6%) and correlated 100% with surgical findings. In patients with negative scan, 4 gland explorations were done. Inferior gland pathology was found in two thirds with left inferior in majority. Conclusions: In our view, a preoperative sestamibi scan is sufficient in majority of patients. 4 gland explorations with intraoperative PTH assay are useful in selective patients with negative scan.


In the 1960s, as a result of the substantivist/formalist debate, economic anthropology became a recognizable field. Thereafter, Marxian thought became prominent in the field. While Marxian ideas provided an alternative methodology, they were not new to economic anthropology. This article seeks to clarify the relationship between economic anthropology and Marxian political economy while also drawing attention to an area of Marxian theory not commonly explored by heterodox economists.


Abstract The measures addressed to manage the return of the Jewish conversos to Spain after July 1492 were not some sort of improvisation. They were the result, as asserted here, of an old debate: that of nobility. For that reason, this paper begins by showing how much the intellectual leader of the 1449's Toledan revolt, Marcos García de Mora, was in debt to the 1440's vernacular debate on that subject that originated with Alonso de Cartagena's Basel discourse (and how much he wanted to establish a new and revolutionary standard based on it). After that, the article goes on to examine Cartagena's answer to García de Mora; a short one on the issue that he contributed to initiating, because his rereading of all those works he inspired made him discover two institutions to explain the Jew's redemption from their servitude, marriage and postliminy, that structure the main argument of his Defensorium unitatis christianae. And no other institution but postliminy, it is stated finally, can make us understand the legal measures that guided the conversos' way home.


State finance is only interpreted narrowly, which is limited to the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget. Article 23 E of the 1945 Constitution states that in order to examine the management and responsibility of state finance, a free and independent Supreme Audit Agency (BPKP) is held. Based on the provisions of Article 6 of Law 17/2003, the President as the Head of Government holds the power of managing state finances as part of the next governmental power: authorized by the Minister of Finance, as fiscal manager and Government Representative in the ownership of separated state assets; authorized to the minister / head of the institution as the Budget User / Property User the state ministry / institution he leads; submitted to the governor / regent / mayor as head of regional government to manage regional finance and represent the regional government in the ownership of separated regional assets; and not including the authority in the monetary sector, which includes among other things issuing and circulating money, which is regulated by law. As the holder of the power of state financial management, the government has a supervisory agency / agency / unit within the government that has the duty and function of conducting supervision which is often known as the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus consisting of the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency and Inspectorate General.


Purpose
An indirect electrochemical reduction and dyeing with indigo were carried out here to solve problems of low dye reduction rate and poor dyeing depth in the current electrochemical dyeing process.

Design/methodology/approach
Response surface analysis tests were performed to evaluate the effects of ferrous sulfate concentration, medium concentration, sodium hydroxide concentration and reduction time on the reduction efficiency of indirect electrochemical reduction of indigo.

Findings
The conditions obtained by design-expert optimization showed that the concentration of FeSO4·7H2O has the most significant effect on the reduction performance of dye liquor. Under the optimized electrochemical reduction dyeing process, the rate of dye reduction could be reached 91.21 per cent and the K/S value of indirect electrochemical dyeing of indigo can be achieved to 12.96, which is increased by about 9.56 per cent compared with that of Na2S2O4 dyeing with the same color fastness basically.

Research limitations/implications
The recyclability and biodegradability of the dye remain to be explored.

Practical implications
The strategy presented here can be developed to replace a substantial part of electrochemical dyeing with optimized product quality and reduced environmental pollution in denim production.

Social implications
The strategy presented here can be developed to replace a substantial part of electrochemical dyeing with optimized product quality and reduced environmental pollution in denim production.

Originality/value
Application of the Fe(II)-DGS-Abal B complex media system in the indirect electrochemical reduction of indigo.


In order to avoid using high toxic reagent-sodium cyanide,a new efficient method was reported for preparing trifloxystrobin.[Methods] 2-Methyl aniline was used as starting material,followed by diazotization,methylation,bromination and condensation with 3'-(trifluoromethyl) acetophenone oxime,to get the target compound-trifloxystrobin.[Results] The purity of the product was over 97%(HPLC-External Standard Method),the overall yield was 31%.[Conclusions] This reported route can avoid the use of sodium cyanide with good yield of each step,which was worthy for further research.


Mobile pressure vessel in operation, will produce a lot of impurities inside the container, Up to tens of kilograms to hundreds of kilograms. The impurities are not only flammable and explosive, but also toxic and harmful. Moreover, the internal structure of the container is complicated, and it is difficult to remove it with conventional water cleaning or steam purging. which will cause explosions, personnel poisoning and other hazards during welding and inspection. In this article, for the inspection and cleaning of mobile pressure vessels, how to design a semi-automatic robot to remove impurities inside the container and ensure the safety of the inside of the container, The authors published their own design ideas.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes resulting from alcoholism treatment received from a programme specialising in the care of alcoholics. METHODS: Evaluative, descriptive study with a quantitative and cross-sectional approach. !e data analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 with univariate analysis applied for the description of socioeconomic and clinical variables and Escala de Mudança Percebida [Perceived Change Scale] (EMP – patient) item scores, and bivariate analysis to test the association between the "nal scale score and the socioeconomic and clinical variables. RESULTS: !e sample was predominantly male (81%) with an in-service treatment time greater than four years (45.2%) and an abstinence period between zero and four weeks (35.7%). Regarding the perception of changes, in general, 83.3% of the alcoholic patients declared themselves to be better than before treatment, whereas the perception of worsening was only detected in the sexuality (26.8%) and sleep (16.7%) items. No signi"cant relationship was found between the variables analysed. CONCLUSION: !e study showed that, in general, the patients perceived themselves as better a#er receiving treatment; moreover, the EMP is a sensitive measure to evaluate treatment outcomes because it indicates the positive and negative e$ects of treatment on the patients' lives.


The current job market is increasingly looking for professionals who are prepared. Thus, with the great use of the Internet for the dissemination of internships and jobs, the present work has the objective of approaching the development of an online system of data records, related to edicts aimed at filling these vacancies, for undergraduate students of the courses Universidade Federal de Alagoas, located in the city of Arapiraca/AL. The idea of the GiveMeJobs system came from the need to organize a better disclosure of the vacancies that appear in the institution's e-mail groups.


ABSTRACT: The study of wind generated waves is important because waves affect sediment resuspension in lakes. Measurements of wind velocity and wave elevation were made at three different stations in Lake Okeechobee. Significant wave heights were computed using a direct count from the recorded data, and verified by the root‐mean‐square value approach. The correlation between wind stress and significant wave height also was analyzed. The data revealed a strong correlation. In addition to field measurements, a Boussinesq‐type wind‐wave model was developed to simulate wind‐generated, long‐propagating waves. This model included the effects of wind stress and bottom viscous dissipation. Wave elevation and velocity field were evaluated numerically. A six‐day simulation using 1996 wind data was conducted. Simulated significant wave heights were found to agree reasonably well with measured values. A predictive wind‐wave model provides information about wind generated waves, which is used to compute bottom shear stresses required for sediment resuspension studies.


The study presents the latest findings on truancy among secondary schools in Kota Bharu districts. The study examined the relationship between truancy and disciplinary problems, school atmosphere, family background, peer groups, and the general environment itself The respondents for this study are 100 samples of students out of 1000 problematic students. The results of his study showed that the environment factor as major influence to truancy among the problematic students. Beside that, the study also found that, other factors such as disciplinary problems, school atmosphere, family background, peer groups do influence truancy problems among tlhe students. Therefore, this study recommends few suggestions to overcome this truancy problem where, all the party including parents, schools, society as well as government have to cooperate each other to overcome these truancy problems.


Large-scale beamforming with radio interferometers has the potential to revolutionize the science done with pulsars and fast radio bursts by improving the survey efficiency for these sources. We describe a wide-field beamformer for the MeerKAT radio telescope and outline strategies to optimally design such surveys. A software implementation of these techniques, Mosaic is introduced and its application in the MeerKAT telescope is presented. We show initial results using the beamformer by observing a globular cluster to track several pulsars simultaneously and demonstrate the source localization capability of this observation.


The island of Kauai has been selected as a site for the transmission of high-intensity low-frequency sounds as part of the ATOC project. However, Kauai is also a winter habitat of increasing importance to humpback whales and endangered species. Major reproductive activities-seeking and finding mates, and bearing and rearing calves-take place in Kauai and other areas of the humpback's winter range. At Kauai, male whales produce long, complex songs throughout the winter months. The songs are dynamic in composition but all singers tend to converge on the same rendition at the same time, indicating they are listening to one another. Also, females may derive information from the song about the singer's desirability or fitness as a mate. Components of the song lie within the frequency band of the ATOC signal. During ATOC transmissions these components will be partially masked, making them less detectable or recognizable to listening whales, and thereby degrading auditory communication. Also, whales residing in the waters of north Kauai for extended periods will be exposed to the potentially stressful effects of the high ambient noise levels produced byATOC transmissions, but these effects will be difficult to detect by any behavioral monitoring program. It is recommended, therefore, that the ATOC project seek an alternative site for its sound transmissions that is not regularly inhabited by humpback whales or other endangered baleen whales having low-frequency hearing. Several alternative sites are suggested.


The renewed emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach to research is now bringing forth some gratifying results in the relatively neglected field of comparative dermatology. Over the years a number of review articles have drawn attention to the potentially interesting and comparable skin diseases which can be discovered in animals when dermatologists treating humans encourage collaboration with their veterinary colleagues.'4


. The theory of proper names proposed by J.S. Mill in A system of logic (1843), and discussed in S. Kripke's Naming and necessity (1980), is shown to be predated by A. Rosmini's Nuovo saggio sull'origine delle idee (1830) and T. Reid's Essays on the intellectual powers of man (1785) . For philological reasons, Rosmini probably did not obtain his view of proper names from Reid. For philosophical reasons, it is unlikely that he got it from Hobbes, Locke, Smith, or Stewart. Although not explicitly indicated by Rosmini himself , he may have been influenced by St. Thomas, who in Summa theologica discusses suppositum and natura in relation to the equivocal functions of the terms "God" and "sun" as common and proper names. As previously observed, forerunners of the idea can be found in Antiquity, in Plato's Theaetetus and Aristotle's Metaphysics . From a historical point of view, the fully developed "Millian" opinion that connotation is not a fundamental aspect of proper names, and that their referents are not fixed by description, could more accurately be termed the Reid-Rosmini-Mill theory.


What does it mean to get a baccalaureate degree? The author explores current and not-so-current thinking about the purpose and value of the undergraduate degree.


This paper proposes a novel controller synthesis for industrial systems with time delays. The aim of this control strategy is to extend the well known RST controller design to systems with dead-time. The main advantage of this technique is to propose a simple design of the controller with one tuning parameter. The proposed controller uses the Smith predictor in addition to the the RST controller. This solution can be used for stable, unstable and integrating systems. The proposed controller is implemented into a Schneider PLC for a field test.


Abstract : Society's transition from physical- to information-centric impacts thinking and methodology, structures and processes, modeling and analysis. Human-created problems involving information behave differently than physical ones. Information science (IS) involves collecting, fusing, exploiting information to produce intelligence and situation awareness that enables command and control. IS (network) models how individuals interact, exchange ideas, share situational information, provide support, and conduct business. In IS world, the social sciences (especially social network analysis) are a growing part of the conversation.


When OpenMP programs are extended to heterogeneous multi-core architectures,the remote memory access may make the memory access cost increase and program performance decrease.In order to solve this problem,this paper introduces a data distribution clause with array partition information to manage data layout in the heterogeneous multi-core memory system.Furthermore,it proposes a new algorithm based on the parallel loop recognition and array reference pattern analysis,so as to realize the automatic generation of such clauses.Experimental results demonstrate that the automatic generated OpenMP programs with data distribution clauses have relatively good data locality and achieve significant performance increase on heterogeneous multi-core systems.


1. Further Experiments on various Parts of the Encephalon; by M. FliOCRENS.?-This industrious physiologist has recently communicated to the Institute several successive Memoirs, giving a detail of new experiments on the brain and nerves. Into these we cannot enter fully, but lay before our readers the general results. It appears then, 1st. that, " une dose determinee," opium acts exclusively on the cerebral lobes; belladonna on the tubercula quadrigemina ; and alcohol on the cerebellum.


Where you can find the involuntary detention and therapeutic jurisprudence international perspectives on civil commitment easily? Is it in the book store? On-line book store? are you sure? Keep in mind that you will find the book in this site. This book is very referred for you because it gives not only the experience but also lesson. The lessons are very valuable to serve for you, that's not about who are reading this involuntary detention and therapeutic jurisprudence international perspectives on civil commitment book. It is about this book that will give wellness for all people from many societies.


There are two cable simulation models of sheath at both ends grounded in the LCC of ATP.One is the sheath ideal grounded,and the other is the sheath grounded through resistance.The paper has researches the over current of line and over voltage of transformer through the electrical source of lightning shock and the changing length of cable,to obtain the difference between the two models.After the comparative analysis,this paper obtains a cable simulation model which reacts to the actual situation.


This paper addresses how a poor people's movement contests dominant portrayals of 'the poor' as a violent mass in contemporary South African public discourse. To explore how Abahlali baseMjondolo, a leading poor people's movement, articulates its own representation of 'the poor,' I examine two primary intellectual and pedagogical practices identified by movement members: first, discussion sessions in which members reflect on their experiences of mobilizing as Abahlali, and second, the website through which the movement archives a library of its own homegrown knowledge. I argue that these intellectual practices open new spaces for the poor to represent themselves to movement members and to publics beyond shack settlements. Through these spaces, Abahlali demonstrates and asserts the intelligence which exists in the shack settlements, and demands that its publics rethink dominant portrayals of 'the poor.'


Gas network operations may affect the day-ahead generator commitment and the scheduling of power reserves, due to the interdependencies between the gas and the electric infrastructures. Moreover, abnormal operating conditions in the gas infrastructure, i.e. large losses of supply, may further exacerbate the gas-electric interdependencies, by inducing massive electric gas load shedding. To address this issue, we assess the day-ahead electric power and reserve scheduling when gas security of supply is compromised. The day-ahead scheduling of electric generators is computed via stochastic optimization. Gas load shedding is evaluated through a transient gas flow model. The general methodology is exemplified with reference to simplified gas and electric power infrastructures of Great Britain under the 2030 Gone Green scenario. Results show that the failures of the Bacton and of the IOG terminals induce the largest pressure violations in the gas system. To prevent unsafe operations, the electric system must re-schedule gas-fired power plants from the South to the central part of Great Britain, and activate coal and pump storage units that cause an operative cost increase of 5% in the investigated case study. These results support operators and regulators by providing a techno-economical evaluation of the gas-electric interdependencies.


In the study, Cadmium (Cd), which is a environmentally polluting toxic heavy metal, was added to the diet of model organism Drosophila melanogaster Meigen through water and food, and it was tried to determine the effect on life-development and sex ratio by using dry commercial Turkish coffee (TK). The female and male individuals fed with the Cd acetate (0-30 ppm) and TK (2%) used also had a long life span. It was determined that the decreasing survival rate with Cd acetate may increase with the addition of TK to the food, the duration of puberty may be shortened with TK, and the sex ratio in favor of men even though there is no difference in nutrition. In addition, it was determined that the use of Cd acetate shortens the life span of adult individuals, while feeding with TK does not affect this negative effect much.


Worldwide antibiotic resistance (AR) is a public health threat, places everyone at great risk.1 By 2050, it is anticipated that AR will cause 10 million deaths and US $60–100 trillion global economic loss if AR developing rate is constant as now.2 The rising bacterial resistance among Respiratory Tract Infections (RTI) has become a commonplace event. The resistance among RTIs causative pathogens of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli contributes a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality as well.3–5 Additionally, inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics in RTIs has become a remarkable malpractice by prescribers.6,7 This practice further magnifies the emergence of antibiotic–resistant bacterial strains in addition to increased adverse effect, treatment cost, resource use and consultation with doctors.6,8 Difficulty in establishing bacterial etiology at the time of prescription in RTIs is another barrier to rational antibiotic prescribing in Bangladesh.9,10 The limited context specific surveillance data on antimicrobial sensitivity in Bangladesh further complicates antibiotic prescribing decisions by prescribers.10 The AR surveillance information has even paramount importance to develop local and national antibiotic guidelines.


Community schools are very popular in the Netherlands and ex-pectations are high, especially with regards to the improvement of students' school careers in social-economic disadvantaged areas. It is unclear, however, what exactly a community school really is. The goals and activities of these schools are diverse, and many different parties are involved (i.e. students, parents, teachers, school, neigh-bourhood). To be able to study the achievements of community schools, more information is needed on the activities and goals of these schools. At the SCO-Kohnstamm Institute of the University of Amsterdam a study was conducted aimed at the construction of a 'typology' of community schools. In this article, the results of this study will be presented and linked to American literature.


The brazilian petrochemical industry is beginning a new growth cycle with investments of about four billions dollars, to be applied on the duplicationof the present capacity of Bahia Petrochemical Complex, and on a new complex in Rio de Janeiro. This process cannot be considered to be just an adjustment between supply and demando On the contrary, it reflects a deep process of entrepreneurial reestructuring, which may have a high cost for the country's economy.


A field experiment was conducted during the wet and dry season of 2011 to 2012 at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta located in the Derived savanna agro-ecological zone of Southwest, Nigeria. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the contribution of Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano and Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Schofield to total fodder yields, nutritive value and reduction of enteric methane gas when intercropped with Brachiaria decumbens . Nine treatments in all consisting of soles of a grass, legumes and grass-legume mixtures in the ratios 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 for each legume species.  The Relative yield (RY),Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), total dry matter yield, proximate composition, in vitro gas production and methane gas production were estimated at both seasons. S. guianensis gave a higher significant (P<0.05) relative yield when intercropped in double or triple rows with B. decumbens in both seasons. Planting triple rows of S. guianensis with a single row of B. decumbens produced the highest significant (P<0.05) total DM yield of 4.17 t/ha. The volume of gas produced after 24 hours increased significantly (P<0.5) as the rows of legumes increased in the mixtures. In both seasons, the volume of methane gas produced in the sole grass was higher (P<0.05) than in the mix swards. In all the six (6) mixtures ratios evaluated, intercropping of up to three (3) rows of S. guianensis within a row B. decumbens produced outstanding results in terms of biomass, quality and environmental impact in relation to enteric methane production.


This paper has been analyzed on the map-symbol for the inadequacy of the study,on the basis of the study,Base on GIS database and graphics database for the "two for one" and "symbol of multiple nested" thinking,using the template control technology,using procedures design and the design parameters of a combination of,on the map symbol of the module design and realization of the related functions:the map of the target vector data(point,line,surface,note),static and dynamic symbol of the realization of the SDE.The data showed that the symbols,signs and symbols of the mapping of data conversion,and other functions.


This paper demonstrates the suitability of ray optics in conjunction with the Huygen's principle for EM simulations of UWB through-wall radar imaging. In the proposed scheme, targets are represented by their Huygen's equivalent currents, and walls are modeled by using a dielectric flat-plate formulation. The geometrical optics (GO) method is used to account for both the incidence and the multiple reflections of RF propagations in the indoor environment. The ultra-wideband propagation is simulated in the frequency domain using a large number of frequency points. An inverse DFT is implemented to compute range profiles of the receivers. 2D radar images of the surveyed area are constructed using back projection.


S. Au efficacy of aureus vaccine may be improved by the addition of adjuvants to the S. aureus antigen that contains a mixture of the TLR agonist (preferably a TLR7 agonist), and water-insoluble metal salt (preferably aluminum salt). TLR agonists are typically adsorbed onto the metal salt. S. aureus antigens may also be adsorbed onto the metal salt.


This study investigated the relationship between salary and service delivery of academic librarians among university libraries in South–South, Nigeria. The main purpose was to examine the relationship between salary and service delivery of academic librarians among university libraries in South-South, Nigeria. Ex-post-facto research design was adopted. The population of the study comprises 175 academic librarians working in public university libraries in South-South, Nigeria. The entire population was used for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire. A total of 175 copies of questionnaire were administrated to the respondents and all were returned, four (4) of the returned copies of questionnaire were rejected because they were not completely filled. Therefore, a total of 171 copies of questionnaire (98%) were used for the analysis. Descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) were used to answer the research questions, Regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the analysis for the research questions show that, there is a relationship between salary and service delivery of academic librarians among university libraries in South-South,, Nigeria. The results of the analysis also show that the hypothesis was rejected. This means that there is a significant relationship between salary and service delivery of academic librarians among university libraries in South–South, Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommended that, management of universities should offer attractive salary and other monetary incentives to their academic librarians. In conclusion, it is clear that the two variables salary and service delivery are correlates to each other.


A random sample of 41 women aged 18 to 35 years with secondary amenorrhea within Uppsala County, Sweden, were compared to 82 age-matched nonamenorrheic women with respect to a number of background variables of etiological interest, especially psychogenic factors and weight loss. Social-hygiene factors and gynecologic data were also considered. The study was retrospective and performed by a postal inquiry. In the amenorrheic group significant differences were obtained (p less than .05) for the following items: a higher proportion of unmarried women and women with intellectual occupations; a higher proportion with a greater incidence of stressful life events; more consumption of sedatives or hypnotic drugs; and more underweight. Previous menstrual irregularity was also more common. Amenorrhea following use of oral contraceptive agents was reported by 9 women, most of whom also showed pronounced underweight. Symptoms characteristic of anorexia were present in 2 amenorrheic women. There may have been others among those reporting marked underweight. The estimated prevalence of anorexia nervosa is 1 per 1000. The findings may be interpreted as either a true increase in incidence of the disorder or perhaps the method of investigation.


Necessity to improve wheat grain quality parameters in agricultural enterprises of the Altai Region is considered with the purpose to increase its competitiveness in the grain market.


This chapter explores proposed solutions for high drug prices. They include measures to rein in "middlemen" pharmacy benefit managers who may artificially inflate prices; increase generic drug competition to prevent price spikes for older, off-patent drugs; enhance competition for new drugs after brand-name products reach the intended period of market protection; align US drug prices with the lower prices available in other wealthy countries; and leverage the collective bargaining power of government payers to compel drug companies to accept lower prices for their products. Policies that force drug prices down can save money but risk choking off the development of important new advances, limiting patient access to their health benefits. Moreover, the policy solutions typically offered are incremental solutions that will likely put a modest dent in the nation's $500 billion annual drug bill. Most important, they fail to link a drug's price to its value.


The process of terminology translation consists of the transfer of concepts and images,which may be assisted by the translator' s inspiration. The transfer of concepts takes up the main part while the transfer of image the secondary part,often accompanied by the transfer of concepts. The translator' s inspiration,however,can play an assisting role in the process of transfer.


A toilet is constructed such that the toilet seat is rotatably arranged with respect to its circumferential direction. The toilet seat comprises a stationary part and a rotating part. The rotating part forms the seating surface of the toilet seat and is internally provided with a substantially conical circular track for engaging substantially conical bearing surfaces of rollers rotating about a substantially vertical axis and mounted in laterally translatable roller carrying members. The rotatable part of the toilet seat is driven by a round belt or cord cooperating with a pulley-like groove therein. A device for the liquid cleaning and disinfecting of the seat surface only extends over a segment of the toilet seat. During the seat cleaning operation the toilet seat is moved by the belt or cord. By means of the cleaning device there is accomplished cleaning of the toilet seat.


Single Edge Notched Tension (SENT) fracture toughness test specimens are being used for a wide range of applications due to the higher fracture toughness that is measured by SENT specimens compared to an equivalent specimen under bending (SENB). The testing of SENT specimens is now standardized in BS 8571:2014 (BSI, 2014) and there is potential to use SENTs for high and low temperature tests, in a wider range of material thickness, and for different applications. This paper describes the validation of a method for carrying out SENT tests at very low temperatures, using threaded ends to allow testing inside a temperature controlled test chamber, while preventing the specimen from yielding at locations away from the intended notch tip. Two designs of threaded-end specimens were assessed for their feasibility; directly machining a round threaded portion onto a square section specimen is the simpler approach, while the alternative is attaching to the square section specimen (in this case by friction welding), a wider diameter round bar for threading. Numerical models of the notch location and of the threads under load were compared for their respective strain capacity. A successful SENT specimen design has greater strain capacity in the threaded end than around the notch. The results of the numerical models were compared to experimental tests on both designs with different notch depths. Machined threads were shown to be limited to applications with low weld strength over-match, deeper notch depths and single point fracture toughness testing (including multi-specimen R-curve testing). Friction welding the threaded portion allowed threaded-end SENT specimens to be successfully used for unloading compliance tests R-curve tests, shallower notched specimens and where there is weld strength overmatching.


Based on the survey data from questionnaire of Quality Management of Pharmaceutical Production Enterprises in Anhui Province, this research examines the relationship between the change frequency of production director and GMP inspection results of pharmaceutical manufacturers by adopting OLS model and Logit model. We find that director of manufacturing management plays a direct role in enterprise production management as senior administrator. If director of manufacturing management changes more times, the enterprise's drug production management will lose persistent stability. As a result, the quality of drug production is affected. Without ability to produce high-quality drugs, the GMP inspection results of pharmaceutical enterprises are poor. Thus, this paper suggests that in daily drug quality supervision, enterprises that frequently change director of manufacturing management should be paid more attention to, and we should increase the frequency of examination, so as to reasonably allocate regulatory resources and carry out targeted supervision.


Background: Transfusion of bacterial contaminated platelet (PLT) units can cause serious transfusion reactions. To prevent this complication, bacterial screening by the automated BacTalert® system of platelet concentrates was implemented in the southwest part of the Netherlands since october 2001. Despite this system, two severe transfusion reactions caused by bacterial contaminated PLT units occurred. Therefore, evaluation of the efficacy of this approach was done. Material and Methods: PLT products in the Netherlands are produced by the Sanquin Bloodbanks. In the Southwest part of the Netherlands PLT products mainly consist of pooled products derived from five random donors. Of all produced platelet products, samples were taken and cultured (aerobic and anaerobic) for seven days using the automated BacTalert® system. The PLT products were issued to the hospitals on a "negative-to-date" basis. In case of positive cultures, conformation and identification cultures were taken. At the same time, involved and related products thet were derived from the same donor were also withdrawn. In case of delivery of possibly contaminated products to the hospitals, these were notified and the products were recalled. If the products were already transfused, treating physicians were notified and asked if adverse reactions had occurred in these patients. Results: From October 2001 to 2003, a total of 28,104 produced pooled PLT units were tested for bacterial contamination using the BacTalert® system. Positive signals were found in 203 (0,72%) samples. At the time of a positive signal, 125 PLT products were already issued to the hospitals and of these 125 products, 113 units were already administered to patients. Analysis of all positive cultures revealed mainly skin-derived bacteria, but in 15 sample Bacillus cereus (7%). In 9.4% (=19) of the samples with a postive BacTalert® signal, bacterial growth could not be confirmed. None of the PLT units with a postive bacterial culture that were already administered to patients caused clinically significant transfusion reactions. Nevertheless, two neutropenic patients due to leukemia treatment, suffered from life-threatening B. cereus sepsis after PLT transfusion. In both cases, B.cereus was cultured from the PLT bags, whereas the BacTalert® tested samples remained negative. Conclusions: Issuing pooled PLT units on a negative-to-date basis for bacterial screening resulted in a significant amount of recall procedures. The BacTalert® system failed to detect B. cereus contamination in at least two cases that resulted in sever transfusion reactions. Other strategies, including pathogen reduction, might be applied to guarantee a better degree of bacterial safety.


In this study, we share findings from a preschool intervention program using circle time games to help children practice behavioral regulation, a set of skills that lays the foundation for school readiness and academic success.  We looked at how children's behaviors during intervention playgroup sessions was related to how much they benefited from the intervention and examined whether children's behaviors "spilled over" to other children's participation.  Developing programs that help preschoolers practice behavioral regulation skills may help lay the foundation for early learning and later academic success.


This bachelor thesis deals with the development process for a design proposal on a rotation system. The work was performed on behalf of Husmuttern AB, whom needs a rotation system to rotate wall fi ...


We revisit the hierarchical Bayes and empirical Bayes formulations for multi-task learning, which can naturally be applied to meta-learning. The evidence lower bound of the marginal log-likelihood of empirical Bayes decomposes as a sum of local KL divergences between the variational posterior and the true posterior of each task. We derive an amortized variational inference that couples all the variational posteriors into a meta-model, which consists of a synthetic gradient network and an initialization network. Our empirical results on the mini-ImageNet benchmark for episodic few-shot classification significantly outperform previous state-of-the-art methods. 1 Meta-learning with transductive inference The goal of meta-learning is to train a meta-model on a collection of tasks, such that it works well on another disjoint collection of tasks. Suppose that we are given a collection of N tasks for training. The associated data is denoted by D := {dt = (xt, yt)}t=1. In the case of few-shot learning, we are given in addition a support set dt for each task. In this section, we revisit the classical empirical Bayes model for meta-learning. Then, we propose to use a transductive scheme in the variational inference by constructing the variational posterior as a function of xt. 1.1 Empirical Bayes model Due to the hierarchical structure among data, it is natural to consider a hierarchical Bayes model for the marginal likelihood


Three coldresisting measures such as wraping-straw on stem windbreak and spraying-mixture of lime-sulfur and lime on stem were executived on Magnolia grandiflora L.seedlings,and their protecting effects were respectively reserved and determined in this experiment.The results showed that both wraping-straw and windbreak obviously prevented these seedlings from cold stress,the latter' s protection was the evidentest and the seedlings coated by the mixture got the most serious damage in the three measures.As for young trees of Magnolia grandi flora L.,the coldtolerance of seedlings was stronger than that of grafted ones by comparing their cold-resistant indices.


Continuous rhythmic myoclonic movements of the palate and pharynx have evoked considerable interest recently in France under the stimulus of Foix,1and his pupils have continued the work so lamentably cut short, as witnessed by the thesis of Gallet2and the careful anatomic investigations of van Bogaert. Leshin and Stone's3recent report covers particularly the German and the English literature, but contains only six cases in which necropsy was performed. Foix believed that he had found the specific lesion underlying the condition, namely, destruction of the central tegmental fasciculus in the pons, but the studies of Klien4and more recently of van Bogaert and Bertrand5have thrown some doubt on the constancy of this lesion. These authors and others have incriminated the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum. In both conditions, however, there is an accompanying hypertrophic degeneration of the inferior olive, a lesion that has


Two simple, clear, and accurate spectrophotometric methods based on two-wavelength selections, were developed for the simultaneous determination of Amlodipine besylate (AML) and Atorvastatin calcium (ATO) in tablet dosage forms. The ratio difference method uses amplitudes between 238 and 288 nm. The measured amplitudes for the parameters: linear range 4-40 μg/ml; precision for AML is 100.22±0.7856, repeatability is 0.9122, precision for ATO is 100.12±0.6439, repeatability is 0.8968. The absorption ratio method using two wavelengths is 221 and 238 nm. The absorption rate method for parameters: linear range 4-40 μg/ml; precision for AML is 100.6±0.9562, repeatability is 1.0124, precision for ATO is 100.86±0.8596, repeatability is 1.1045. Both quantitative methods showed that AML and ATO could be quantified in their mixtures without any extraction at all. The absorption ratio method exhibited quick, simple applicability to both laboratory and commercial drug mixtures.


Bis-triazole derivatives accomplished by [3 + 2] cycloaddition methodology were well characterized. Interaction of bis-triazoles with BSA and CT-DNA had good correlation with experimental and docking studies. The compounds showed moderate to excellent antibacterial activity.


(3S,4S)-3-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino-4-methylpyrrolidine (12a) was synthesized from L-aspartic acid (4) on a large scale. Methylation of dimethyl (2S)-N-benzyl-N-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)aspartate (5), easily derived from 4, with methyl iodide gave (3R)-3-methylaspartate (6a) in 91% yield with high diastereoselectivity. Reduction of 6a with lithium aluminum hydride, followed by hydrogenolysis, protection with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, and mesylation gave 10a in 89% overall yield. Subsequently, reaction of 10a with benzylamine under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature, followed by hydrogenolysis, gave the target compound (12a) in 65% overall yield. In a similar manner to that described for the preparation of 12a from 5, compound 5 was converted into 4-ethyl and 4-propyl derivatives (12b,c) in 34% and 38% overall yields.


We present a novel large vocabulary OCR system, which implements a 5 confidenceand margin-based discriminative training approach for model adap6 tation of an HMM based recognition system to handle multiple fonts, different 7 handwriting styles, and their variations. Most current HMM approaches are HTK 8 based systems which are maximum-likelihood (ML) trained and which try to adapt 9 their models to different writing styles using writer adaptive training, unsupervised 10 clustering, or additional writer specific data. Here, discriminative training based 11 on the Maximum Mutual Information (MMI) and Minimum Phone Error (MPE) 12 criteria are used instead. For model adaptation during decoding, an unsupervised 13 confidence-based discriminative training within a two-pass decoding process is pro14 posed. Additionally, we use neural network based features extracted by a hierar15 chical multi-layer-perceptron (MLP) network either in a hybrid MLP/HMM ap16 proach or to discriminatively retrain a Gaussian HMM system in a tandem approach. 17 The proposed framework and methods are evaluated for closed-vocabulary isolated 18 handwritten word recognition on the IfN/ENIT Arabic handwriting database, where 19 the word-error-rate is decreased by more than 50% relative compared to a ML 20 trained baseline system. Preliminary results for large-vocabulary Arabic machine 21 printed text recognition tasks are presented on a novel publicly available newspaper 22 database. 23 RWTH Aachen University Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Ahornstr 55, D-52056 Aachen, Germany Tel.: +49-241-80-21613 Fax: +49-241-80-22219 e-mail: <surname>@cs.rwth-aachen.de


In the article the author reflects on the emotive transferral and controtransferal emotional implications that characterizes the relationship between the general practioner with his patients. The experience is put into the point of view of favouring well-being in health and not in illness, putting an accent on the identifying the protection factors (ex. Educating emotion, promoting the ability of managing stress, experimenting empathy ecc.). The work , gives a brief description of the frame work in which this experience is born and will try the focus on how the group process starting from the reflection on his own professional role and on the representation of the difficult patient which has allowed specific emotions to emerge (angry, boredom, omnipotent) in front of the patients and how their emotions can interferer deeply in the relation of treatment. In the article pieces of session will be reported where several imagines or episodes which have taken on a particular metaphoric and symbolic weight for the group. The therapeutists had the main of stimulating circulating emotions, thoughts, and specific themes in the group.


The advent of blockchain technology has transformed traditional business processes from centralized to decentralized. By eliminating the unnecessary intervention of middlemen, it can reduce the overall cost of patient medication by turning the drug supply chain entirely into a point-to-point decentralized business. This paper presents a reliable and encouraging P2P drug trading block chain technology and four related smart contracts. These contracts include consumer contracts and the supply, bidding and trading of drugs, which have been deployed on the Ethereum blockchain for the decentralized trading of drugs. We will use the Approach of Real cost descending (RCD) to achieve incentive transactions for suppliers and patients. This method provides P2P transactions and ensures the safety and transparency of drug data, as well as the anonymity of users in the transaction process. Finally, according to the requirements of Good Supplying Practice(GSP), the effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated and analyzed.


To the Editor Several alternative treatments, including immunosuppressive drugs, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and plasmapheresis are available for patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), unresponsive to corticosteroids and splenectomy. We report a patient with severe acute ITP, whose thrombocytopenia was not affected by corticosteroids or IVlg, but reversed after plasmapheresis treatment followed by splenectomy. A 26-yr-old woman previously in good health presented with a respiratory tract infection, a 2-d history of cutaneous and mucosal bleeding and a platelet count of 1 x 109/l. Her haemoglobin value was 113 g/l and her leukocyte count 4.9 x 109/1 with a normal differential. A sternal marrow aspirate contained an elevated number of megakaryocytes. Anti-platelet antibodies were detected both in the serum (indirect Coombs technique) and on the platelets (direct Coombs technique). The titre of anti-nuclear antibodies was 1/10 and anti-DNA ranged from 17 to 23 mg/l (reference value < 5 mg/l). Incipient systemic lupus erythematosus was considered possible, but the patient fulfilled only 2 of the American Rheumatism Association's criteria revised in 1982. A test for anticardiolipin antibodies was negative. The concentration of C3 fell from 0.61 to 0.30 g/l (0.55-1.20 g/l) and that of C4 from 0.14 to 0.04 g/l (0.20-0.50 g/l). No anti-viral antibodies were detected. Therapy with prednisone (120 mg/d) was started immediately, but the severe thrombocytopenia persisted and bleeding continued. On the 3rd d after she had been admitted, a 5-d course of IVIg (Sandoglobulin@ 0.4 g/kg/d) was initiated, but no effect on the platelet count was seen (Figure 1). Another 5-d course of IVIg 2 wk later also proved unsuccessful. On d 25, 27 and 29 after admission, the patient underwent plasmapheresis in an attempt to reduce the concentration of anti-platelet antibodies. Plasmapheresis was performed with a Travenol CPS-10 plasmafilter (using a Gambro AK-10 blood unit and a right femoral vein catheter). The substitution fluid consisted of 20% albumin solution (Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki) and Ringer's lactate in a ratio of 1/5. During the 3 d a total of 9000 ml of plasma was exchanged. Each plasmapheresis resulted in an increase in the 120 n Prednisone (mg/day)


It is a great privilege to put together a special double issue to honour Professor William Bonfield, CBE, FRS, FREng, FMedSci the founding editor of the Journal of the Royal Society Interface. Professor Bonfield is the internationally leading authority and prophet on bioand medical materials. He is a true pioneer of the development of advanced materials for medical applications, whose research has embraced the interface of physical and life sciences. First creating the Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials at Queen Mary University of London, he then subsequently founded the Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials and the Pfizer Institute of Pharmaceutical Materials Science. He was the first person to be appointed to the Chair of Medical Materials at the University of Cambridge and was made a Commander of the British Empire by the Queen for his services to healthcare and materials science. Professor Bonfield has published over 400 research papers and holds many key patents covering biomaterials, medical devices and medical engineering. His tireless efforts to develop medical materials from concept right through to the clinic have been a major goal of his activities and he has thus founded two thriving companies (ApaTech Ltd and OrthoMimetics Ltd), very clearly showing the academic community that both scientifically and commercially invaluable research can be carried out in parallel. His work has been recognized by universities and professional bodies worldwide, which has resulted in his being awarded numerous prizes and medals including the Prince Philip Gold Medal, the Royal Society Armourers and Brasiers Company Medal, the Kelvin Medal, the Griffiths Medal, the Chapman Medal, the European Society for Biomaterials George Winter Medal, the Japanese Society for


The present invention relates to a winding control method in a roll-to-roll process, and more specifically, to a hybrid taper tension control method for the optimization of the winding operation in the roll-to-roll process. The present invention defines main influence factors of a taper tension profile for the optimization of the winding operation in the roll-to-roll process and proposes a hybrid taper tension profile model to avoid rolls from damages such as telescoping, buckling, and cinching. The proposed model is found to be very effective through experiments.


The hydrpgeological structure model is established with GMS according to bore hole data and stratum distribution data based on the analysis of GMS software function, plains the method of establishing hydrogeological structure model with GMS and payed attention to questions.


We have successfully demonstrated the technique of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in the determination of the total concentration of carbon and nitrogen in soils. We have obtained a linear calibration curve for carbon in 15 soil samples directly correlated to the soil combustion technique.


Design and analysis of a cavity-stabilised Gunn oscillator is described, taking into account the special behaviour of a glass cavity. Using a simplified equivalent circuit, the oscillator behaviour is calculated and proved by experiments. A strongly frequency-dependent load at the input of the cavity reduces the loss of mode stabilisation. The small linear tempetature dependence of the oscillator results in an average stability of 8×10-8/°C in a 100°C range. The calculated high stabilisation effect of the oscillator structure is confirmed by the measured low f.m. noise level.


This article provides examples of variations in the uses of the word "race" and its link with identity among a specific population group: the Afro-Mexican population, located in Cuajinicuilapa, San Marcos and San Nicolas, in Guerrero, as well as in communities of Pinotepa Nacional, in particular Corralero, Collantes and El Ciruelo, from Oaxaca, Mexico. I seek to discuss the way in which it is possible to compare the notions, perceptions and experiences around racism according to the age group they belong to, including girls and boys. Methodologically, the axis "racism-anthropology of the life cycle and intergenerational relations" was the heuristic resource used to know the way in which the variable "race" operates in the forms of identity and otherness construction, according to the ethnography performed.


Hormosirene ((−)-1; (1R,2R)-1-((1E,3Z)-1,3-hexadienyl)-2-vinylcyclopropane) is the specific sex attractant of several brown algae of the Australian shelf, while dictyopterene A ((+)-2; (1R, 2R)-1-((1E)-1-hexenyl)-2-vinylcyclopropane) is found as a minor constituent of the pheromone bouquets. The asymmetric synthesis of the two hydrocarbons is performed by resolution of the amides (−)-5 and (+)-5a obtained from (−)-(R)-2-phenylglycinol and racemic trans-vinylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (rac-4) on silica gel. Both diastereoisomers are obtained optically pure. They are converted by stereoselective Wittig olefination into the title compounds. Compound (−)-1 is the active mating pheromone of the reproductive system of the seaweed Xiphophora chondrophylla as established by biological-activity assays.


Thermolysis of 2,2-dibenzyloxy-5,5-dimethyl-Δ3-1,3,4-oxadiazoline in benzene at 110°C leads to dibenzyloxycarbene. The carbene was trapped with tert-butyl alcohol to afford dibenzyl-tert-butyl orthoformate. In the absence of a trapping agent for the carbene, it fragmented to benzyloxycarbonyl and benzyl radicals, as shown by trapping the latter with TEMPO. In the absence of both TEMPO and tert-butyl alcohol, the radicals were partitioned between coupling to benzyl phenylacetate and decarboxylation, with subsequent formation of bibenzyl. The preferred sense of fragmentation of the analogous carbenes from benzyloxy-(p-substituted-benzyloxy)carbenes was determined by comparing the yields of the two possible esters, ArCH2O(CO)CH2Ph and PhCH2O(CO)CH2Ar. It was found that an electron-withdrawing group in the para position favoured fragmentation to the benzylic radical containing that group. A Hammett plot of the data gave a best fit with σ- substituent constants (r = 0.994, ρ(PhH, 110°C) = 0.7) suggesting that ...


There are amount of factors of traffic congestion,and the complexity of propagation mechanisms of traffic flow makes it difficult to discover the target to solve traffic congestion problem.According to the difference in sequentially between primary traffic congestion and secondary traffic congestion,a criteria to distinguish traffic congestion was proposed in this paper.That can divide congestion degree changing point into primary congestion,secondary congestion,primary dissipation and secondary dissipation.The data of research is the real-time traffic data within the Second Ring Road in Beijing.The results show that the occurrence of primary congestion is significantly less than secondary congestion,and secondary congestion always lags behind primary congestion,which verifies the difference in sequentially between them.And the spatial and temporal distribution of primary congestion is consistent with the characteristics of residents travel.It always focuses on hot spots region in the research area,furthermore,the ratio of primary congestion happens in the intersection is more than that in the road.


Background: Nurses are an essential part of the healthcare team and require sound knowledge, safety, and protection from occupational health hazards they encounter at work. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the nurse's knowledge regarding occupational hazards, their pre-disposing, and preventive factors.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses working in surgical, general, ENT, ICU, and gyne ward of the Ziauddin and Civil hospital located in Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 157 registered nurses with a minimum of 6 months of work experience with a valid PNC license were included in the study. Systematic random sampling was used to select participants for the research. The knowledge regarding occupational hazards, pre-disposing factors, and preventive measures were recorded using a structured questionnaire.
Results: Among 157 participants, the highest occurring occupational hazard was neck and back pain, 52.9%. The assessment of pre-disposing factors to occupational hazards revealed that 70.1% of nurses distinguished lack of adequate protective aids and equipment as one of the most common reasons for the occupational hazards. However, it is revealed by 77.7% of participants that proper training and retraining on safety measures, provision of protective aids and equipment could be possible ways of preventing occupational hazards.
Conclusion: It is concluded that occupational health hazards are prevalent among nursing professionals, which can be reduced through owing responsibility, gaining appropriate knowledge and skills, warrant precautionary actions for avoidance to ensure their own and others' health and well-being.


Background: Diabetes is a disorder which is very much related to a quality of lifestyle. Bangladesh is one of the countries having highest number of diabetes patients. Most of the population in this country used to take high glycemic indexed foods. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the quality of life of diabetic patients of the southern part and Chattogram city to investigate how controlled and uncontrolled diabetes is related to their lifestyle and socio-economic factors.
Materials and methods: A multi-center, crosssectional study, conducted in five centers of Chattogram, in 2018-2019, registered 1,888 type 2 DM participants, tested for HbA1c and interviewed face-to-face for other information. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with UDM. Descriptive analysis and chi square test were done to see the statistical significance between various parameters.
Results: Among the study population nearly 72% were uncontrolled diabetes patients. The prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes in age <60 years was highly significant. Number of female uncontrolled diabetes patients were significantly higher. People having low income and lower level of education were more prone to uncontrolled diabetes.
Conclusion: Health workers at the diabetic hospitals should intensify education and counselling of diabetics. Modifiable risk factors such as education, food and physical activity be considered as potential targets of interventions in southern part of Bangladesh.
JCMCTA 2019 ; 30 (2) : 92-98


In this paper, pressure and shear stress are derived under steady state using one-dimensional analysis of the single-grooved slider bearing and journal bearing with partial slip on the stationary surface. The Reynolds boundary conditions are used in the analysis of journal bearing to predict the extent of the full film region. In the cases of partial slip slider and journal bearing, the pressure distribution is higher compared with the conventional bearing with no slip. In the case of partial slip on both slider and journal bearing surfaces, the single-groove, immediately followed by the partial slip region, results in the increase in pressure distribution. The results also show that in comparison to the conventional bearing with no slip, in the cases of parrial slip slider and journal bearing, the shear stress increases before the region of slip/no slip interface, while the shear stress decreases in the region of no slip. In the case of the partial slip region on bearing surfaces, the shear stress distribution is lower in the region immediately after the groove. Significant pressure distribution is obtained due to the influence of partial slip on the slider bearing with uniform film thickness and the concentric journal bearing. The maximum pressure occurs at the end of the region of groove, immediately followed by the region of the partial slip. It is found that the pressure distribution of the slider and journal bearing with partial slip surface are not influenced with the further increase in the nondimensional slip coefficient (A) from 10 to 100.


The accompanying map (Plate 10), prepared by Mr. Ignacio Marquina, Chief of the Direction of Prehispanic Monuments, Ministry of Public Education, Mexico, gives a graphic idea of the coordinated research carried on by government and foreign agencies in Mexico. Formal excavation and reconnaissance are being combined to study the origin, development, and diffusion of Mexican cultures, and the burden of the work is being borne by the government archaeologists.


Before Wenchuan M8. 0 earthquake on M ay. 12,2008,the water-pipe tilt observation value in NS direction appeared a substantial anomalous trend of south tilt recorded by Yongsheng Station in Yunnan for nearly one year,while the observation value in EW direction changed to west tilt,and its rate was faster than ever before.After removing the pressure,rainfall and other interference factors,we analyzed the relationship between the water-pipe tilt observation value anomalies and the Wenchuan M8. 0 earthquake through the anomalous patterns,duration time and the tectonic where the observation points located,and concluded that there existed long-term anomalous trends for water-pipe tilt observation value at Yongsheng Station during the seismogenic processes of strong earthquakes.


We investigate valuation of incentive stock options in a realistic setting that features hedging restrictions and other market imperfections, such as transaction costs, interest rate spreads between borrowing and lending, and costs for short positions. We add labor income and calculate the impact of correlated income and investment risks. Both European and American options are considered. We develop supply curves, where option values depend on the sold amount. Without friction costs and labor income, this specialized model is the discrete-time equivalent of the Ingersoll (2006) executive option pricing model. We nd that friction costs and labor income have a material impact on subjective option values.


We formulate and study the algorithmic mechanism design problem for a general class of resource allocation settings, where the center redistributes the private resources brought by individuals. Money transfer is forbidden. Distinct from the standard literature, which assumes the amount of resources brought by an individual to be public information, we consider this amount as an agent's private, possibly multi-dimensional type. Our goal is to design truthful mechanisms that achieve two objectives: maxmin and Pareto efficiency.

For each objective, we provide a reduction that converts any optimal algorithm into a strategy-proof mechanism that achieves the same objective. Our reductions do not inspect the input algorithms but only query these algorithms as oracles.


A new, simpler derivation is presented of the equation suggested by Percus and Yevick to define the generalized direct correlation function in space and time. In addition, an explicit, though formal, definition of this function is given.


Abstract 5211

Introduction: Meta-analysis demonstrated that B cell lymphoma appears to be at high risk of infection by Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). Recently, cohort study showed HBV infection is associated with the increasing risk of B cell type lymphoma. Retrospective studies demonstrated high prevalence of HBV infection in Chinese lymphoma patients, with HBsAg-positive rates ranging from 23.5% to 30.5%. HBsAg-positive Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) patients are associated with younger age and more advanced stage. However, the relation between HBV infection and poor prognosis in DLBCL remains uncertain. Molecular markers based on Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression were widely used as prognostic markers in DLBCL. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HBVinfection in the different subtypes of lymphoma, and the molecular prognostic profiles in HBsAg-positive DLBCL.

Patient and Methods: From Jan 2008 to Dec 2010, a total of 672 patients diagnosed as lymphoma were tested for HBsAg. Of these, 399 were male and 273 were female; 426 were B-NHL, 216 were T-NHL and 30 were HL. The expressions of BCL-2, BCL-6, CD10, MUM-1 were tested in patients diagnosed with DLBCL.

Results: We found the overall HBsAg-positive rate was 15.9% (107/672) in total lymphoma patients. The positive rate of HBsAg was higher in B-NHL patients (20%,85/426) than T-NHL(9.7%,21/216) and HL (3.3%,1/30) (P<0.001).The lower prevalence were observed several subtypes of lymphoma including mantle cell lymphoma (0/20, 0%), Burkett's lymphoma (0/13, 0%), HL (1/29, 3.3%) and PTCL (4/53, 7.5%).The rate of HBV infection was higher in DLBCL patients (20.9%, 68/326). Among prognostic molecular profiles in DLBCL, the positive expression rates of BCL-2, BCL-6, CD10 and MUM-1 were 65.4% (134/205), 51.3% (116/226), 17% (39/230) and 61.5% (139/226), respectively. The non-GCB subtype accounted of 68.7% of DLBCL. Between HBsAg negative and positive group of DLBCL, the positive expression rates of BCL-2 were 64.1% vs 69.2% (P=0.498), CD 10 were 16.6% v 18.2%(P=0.781), MUM-1 were 60.5% vs 64.8%(P=0.567). However, the BCL-6 positive rate was slight higher in HBsAg negative group compared with positive group (55% vs40%, P=0.053). Finally, non-GCB subtype rates were 67.7% vs 68.7% in HBsAg negative and positive group DLBCL.

Conclusion: Our date demonstrated that the infection rate of HBV was higher in DLBCL, whereas lower in the subtypes of mantle cell lymphoma, burkitt's lymphoma and HL. Based on IHC analysis, non-GCB subtype accounted of two-third of DLBCL in our series. Patients with HBsAg-positive DLBCL had lower positive rate of BCL-6. However, the expression of Bcl-2, CD10, MUM-1 seems no significant difference between patients with HBsAg-positive and negative DLBCL.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The writer would like to congratulate the authors for their interesting investigations. For completeness, he wishes to comment on the results' application. Flows through rockfill embankments can be used in some cases to reduce the peak flow as discussed in the article. There are however other applications of seepage flows through rockfill structures.


Group delay is an important indicator when measuring the impact of a transmission network on signal distortion. The differential method is extensively adopted in the group delay measurement, where there is a contradiction between frequency-resolution and precision. This paper proposes a novel method for group delay calculating based on Tikhonov regularization that can solve the problems effectively. The experimental results show that the precision of group delay is improved to picosecond with the frequency step reduced to 10KHz.


The detection of linear anomalies in map data is facilitated by studying the two‐dimensional power spectrum, because the directivity of the energy in the map is preserved in the Fourier transform. The lineaments associated with individual peaks in the spectrum are then separated from the map data by directional filtering and studied independently of other map features. Gravity and magnetic maps from an active rift area in southwestern Iceland are analyzed in this manner. The agreement between the filtered maps is good and they fit the observed tectonic features quite well.


This paper investigates the log-concavity of the centered m-gonal figurate number sequences. The author proves that for m≥3, the sequence {Cn(m)}n≥1 of centered m-gonal figurate numbers is a log-concave.


This article aims to highlight relevant aspects of the basic cultural practices spatiality and temporality between Brazil and Portugal. Prestige and depreciation are important characters who star in the history of the instrument. Musical practices, narrowing the musical daily experienced by the viola in both locations are studied here in order to observe the maintenance habits among such territoriality that allow us to propose the deconstruction of transatlantic border limitations given transplants of habits, customs, values and world views between the parties.


Background: Over the past 30 years, the prevalence of children obesity has increased. Watching television is associated with obesity, because of eating during viewing and eating highly advertised foods and poor fitness.


To improve the control accuracy and suppress the rigid rotor vibration, it is necessary to compensate for rotor unbalance force of the active magnetic bearing (AMB) rotor system. In this paper, the principle of rotor unbalance compensation is analyzed first. Then an unbalance compensation control strategy based on real-time identification of rotor unbalance mass position is proposed, in the new control strategy, the variable-step variable-angle (VSVA) iterative seeking method is used to search for rotor unbalance mass position to improve the seeking efficiency and accuracy. Finally, the search performance of unbalance mass position and the effectiveness of vibration control for the new unbalance control strategy are analyzed by numerical simulations. The results show that the rigid rotor vibration supression strategy proposed in this paper can effectively control the unbalance vibration of the AMB flywheel rotor system in constant speed state operation and variable speed operation , with the advantages of high search efficiency and high accuracy.


Background The general rheumatology outpatient clinics are facing an increasing workload. The patients already in evidence with rare or complex inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory myopathies, systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue diseases, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren's syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, systemic vasculitides and other collagen-vascular diseases are being scheduled for outpatient or hospital assessment at the current visit. However the patients may need earlier appointments, given the possibility of flares or other issues. Objectives To assess the role of a nurse-led telephonic triage line in patients with rare rheumatologic diseases. Methods The nurses accepting to be enrolled in the programme answered the phone for the patients already in the department's and their follow-up with rare or complex inflammatory rheumatic diseases. A 2-hours training programme with attending physicians was completed. Respecting confidentiality agreement regulations, the calls were registered with the nume, diagnosis and phone number on a standard form. The calls reasons were recorded: appointments scheduling, medical issues or others. The alarming symptomes and signs requiring doctor advice or earlier appointments were checked on a short form: aggravating dyspnea, dysphagia, weakness or Raynaud's phenomenon, ulcerations, etc. Other issues, such as lumbar pain, joint pain, nausea, heartburn, etc requiring counselling, were registered as well. Results Over 2 months, 280 calls from patients with rare rheumatologic diseases were received, out of which 171 (61%) were for scheduling or changing appointments. The rest were for medical advice regarding minor ailments, medication side effects, regular blood tests or other investigations performed after the last visit, issues regarding travelling etc. The triage nurses referred the patients to Emergency in 2 cases (0.7%), to the General Practitioner in 28 cases (10%) or planned an early appointment to the attending rheumatologist for medical issues in 20 cases (7.3%), briefed the attending physician in 94 cases (33%) and offered counselling in the other cases (49%), which included: medication side effects, analyses to be repeated, diet and promoting self-care. Conclusion Telephonic calls, managed by experienced nurses, documented by standardized forms, are valuable additional tools in the management of rare inflammatory diseases. The pilot phone triage procedure improve patient's access to healthcare services. Periodic specialty training regarding rheumatologic emergency and communication skills increase the quality of this approach in rare diseases. References [1] Thwaites C, Ryan S, Hassel A, Rheumatology (Oxford)2008; 47(4):522-5, Doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken041 [2] Fereira RO, Marques A, Cruz Mendes AMO, da Silva JA, Acta Reumatol Portuguesa2015; 40:163-8. Disclosure of Interests None declared


Following disruption of the nerve supply, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles in rats are known to exhibit alterations in excitation-contraction coupling. After total RNA isolation from the denervated and the contralateral control muscles performed at 25 and 50 days following denervation, RNase protection assays were carried out with four cDNA probes specific for the skeletal and cardiac isoforms of both the DHPR alpha 1-subunit and the RyR. Longterm denervation increased the expression of the mRNA for skeletal DHPR and skeletal RyR in SOL muscle, but it also significantly increased the expression of the mRNA for the cardiac isoform of the DHPR alpha 1 subunit in EDL muscle.


Based on the formation stage of organizational interaction memory system, an evolutionary game model of interactive memory system considering two-party group strategy is constructed. The results show that: group initial strategy ratio, the cost of changing knowledge attitude, knowledge hiding excess utility and the risk coefficient that resists the change of knowledge attitude has a significant impact on the evolutionary strategies of both players. To develop a suitable interactive memory system, we must focus on the above factors.


Emerging technology finally permits wireless communication systems to carry video information efficiently. System challenges include low-noise preprocessing to maximize compressibility, efficient compression, decompression, and error-correction of the compressed signal, and clean reconstruction of the video waveform. This paper discusses algorithms and hardware for clean, efficient conversion of signals between universal analog television formats and compression-ready or decompressed digital video component formats. Problems of gunlock jitter, video decoding, cross- luminance, and video filtering are considered.


(6) ASSOCIATIONS OF BOYS. (Op. cit. ii, p. 267.) From a painted frieze found at Ostia. A religious ceremony performed by a 'collegium iuventutis* at the opening of navigation in spring (so Rostovtzeff). The two figures crowned with flowers are priests: a boy carries a standard with three busts, probably those of the Emperor Augustus and of the young Gaius and Lucius as 'principes iuventutis'. Vatican, Rome. Photograph, Alinari.


Background: Ultrasound can interact with tissue through either thermal or non-thermal physical mechanisms. Radiation force has been shown to stimulate cardiac and neural tissue in vivo. Ultrasound might hold clinical potential as a noninvasive therapeutic tool via specific bioeffects on cardiomyocytes. This study aims to assess the effect of ultrasound on cardiomyocyte depolarization in a tissue culture model. Methods: Cardiomyocytes were isolated from neonatal rat ventricular tissue and plated directly on microelectrode arrays to record depolarization patterns. A custom 2.5 MHz unfocused ultrasound transducer was directed at the cardiomyocytes in a tissue culture model. A function generator, with an amplified signal +50 dB, delivered acoustic energy at variable settings of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 Vpp, pulse durations of 2, 5 and 10 ms, and burst periods of 100, 250 and 300 ms. Five trials were conducted at each setting (36 total trials) with 30s of continuous ultrasound exposure followed by an off interval...


In the Writings of Bahaʾuʾllah, the term ʿAfnan' is used to refer to the maternal family of the Bab. The term 'Afnan' is the plural of the word fanan, which in Arabic refers to a straight and verdant branch. In the Qurʾan's Surih of Rahman, the term was used to describe the celestial dwelling of the righteous. The first genealogy of the Bab's family was offered at the beginning of The Dawn-Breakers by Shoghi Effendi.Keywords: Afnan; Qurʾan


Preprint no. 2016-10 Abstract Branching processes play important role in the study of the evolution of various population plants, where members of the population may die or produce offspring independently of the rest. They can be used to model reproduction of bacteria where each bacteria generates several offspring with some probability in a single time unit. And they can be used to model other systems with similar dynamics, e.g., the spread of surnames in genealogy or the propagation of neutrons in a nuclear reactor. In our dissertation, we consider a long time behavior for a model of branching random walk problem of a population of particles on the ddimensional lattice. In this model, the number of particles increases exponentially by duplicating, with a constant rate of birth, (each particle can split into two particles), and the particles spread everywhere by jumping to not necessary a neighbor place, (it could be a faraway distance), under probability of jumps that is described to be, a heavy tailed probability. Branching or jumping of each particle occurs independently of the other particles. Under these two conditions, (constant rate of birth and heavy tailed probability of jumps), the front of propagation (where local growth occurs) has been found to be moving exponentially fast. A random field is called intermittent, if it is distributed very non-uniformly, where huge values can appear with a very small probability In our work, we found that particles on, and outside the front exhibit intermittent behavior. We proved that, the same is true for some region inside the front. Despite that the front of propagation itself moves exponentially fast, the front of intermittency moves with a small power rate inside the first front. This rate has been found exactly.


Bataillon Marcel. Fray Diego de Cordova Salinas, Cronica Franciscana de las Provincias del Peru. New Edition with Notes and Introduction by Lino G. Canedo. In: Bulletin Hispanique, tome 59, n°4, 1957. pp. 461-462.


Boxer Uprising brought about internal and external influence, but was basically a regional movement. In the summer of 1900, in Shanxi, Inner Mongoia, and northeastern (Manchuria) region, Boxer Militia was partially officially supported and emerged, but otherwise this movement was limited to Shandong and Zhili in North China plains. Thus, it is important to research the politics, economy, and social environment of regions where the Boxer Uprising occurred. Into the 1980s, Yihetuan(義和團) as a history and Yihetuan as a myth were distinguished from each other, but in the Chinese academia, Boxer Uprising is generally still evaluated as an anti-imperialist and patriotic movement that boldly resisted the imperialism``s division of China. Undeniably and importantly, imperialism led to the occurrence of Boxer Uprising. However, if Boxer Uprising is evaluated as an anti-imperialist movement alone, it will simplify the complicated motivation behind the special local environment of Yihetuan, and will compromise the diversity of Boxer Uprising Some scholars wrote interesting new researches on the different interpretation of the existing Yihetuan or non-Christians and Christians relations. Most of them analyzed diverse patterns of Boxer Uprising and relations between Christianity and the communities from local perspectives. First, this study examined how Boxer Uprising was mythicized in China to shed light on imperial problems. Next, it examined the origin and backgrounds of Boxer Uprising, and Christianity-community relations through local perspectives.


Almost every professional multimedia products found by the author in various countries, including Indonesia, using Macromedia Director in a variety of forms, including: Company Profile, Product Profile, Touch Screen, TV Graphics, Animation and many more. Therefore, Macromedia Director, until recently, including its most popular and widely used by creative designers in the world of multimedia. Scientific Writing is a multimedia application that discusses the making of a photographer portfolio of applications using Macromedia Director MX. The application development is assisted by using Adobe Photoshop 7.0 software.


Introduction: Preservation of pulp vitality is the principal objective in the management of exposed vital pulp of immature young permanent teeth. It has become challenging to identify the ideal pulp capping agent for each clinical case. Owing to the reported clinical and radiographic success of Aloe veraas a pulp capping material in primary teeth, it was tempting to investigate this material as a pulp medicament in young permanent teeth. Materials & Methods: Eight intact newly erupting immature young premolars, scheduled for extraction for orthodontic purposes, were selected for this pilot study. Two groups were implemented in the study; patients in group I were treated using Aloevera gel as the pulpotomy material while group II received Portland Cement. Results: Histological sections of both studied groups showed well organized odontoblast-like cells with proximal nuclei and extended odontoblastic processes arranged near the orifices and along the peripheries of the radicular walls, accompanied by predentin layer and dentin with the classic arrangement of dentinal tubules. The gene expressions of IL-1β, TGF-β and DSPP were comparable between the Aloevera and Portland cement group Conclusion: Based on the results of the current pilot study, Aloevera gel proved comparable results to the control group as a pulp capping material in pulpotomy of young permanent teeth.


Purpose : Hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-99m-macroggregated albumin (HAPS) study was carried out in 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and in six patients without liver tumor to evaluate HAPS findings of hepatocellular carcinoma and usefullness of HAPS. Materials and Methods : HAPS with planar and SPECT study were performed in 22 patients after conventional hepatic or celiac arteriography. For HAPS study, 4-5 mCi of MAA mixed with 2ml of saline was injected into proper hepatic artery or its distal branches at the rate of approximately 1ml/sec. We analysed 21 HCCs over 2cm in diameter(average diameter; 6.4cm) and 17 of 21 HCCs were over 4cm in diameter(Table 1). CT, sonography and angiography were performed within two week in all 16 patients and liver scan was performed in 12 patients. Results : Three different pattern of tumor perfusion were observed in 16 patients with HCC (Table 2). 1) diffuse increased perfusion in 16 of 21(76%)(Fig. 1) 2) increased peripheral perfusion in 4 of 21(19%) (Fig. 2) 3) diffuse decreased perfusion in 1 of 21 (5%) Arteriovenous shunt indicated by lung uptake of MAA were observed in 9 of 16(56%)(Fig. 4). In contrast, angiography demonstrates arteriovenous shunt in 2 of 16(13%). There was no accumulation of radioactivity on RBC-blood pool scan in all six patients with HCC examined (Fig. 1). Conclusion : HAPS is useful study in evaluation of perfusion pattern or vascularity of HCC and in detection of arteriovenous shunt.


Abstract The uptake of ammonia by copper chloride graphite intercalation compounds was studied. The products obtained can be represented by the formula {xC}CuCl2·nNH3. They are regarded to be occlusion complexes. The thermal decomposition of these complexes has been studied and compared with those of ammine complexes of CuCl2. The techniques used were thermogravimetric analysis supported by chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction. When heated in a slow stream of ammonia or nitrogen, ammonia is lost in steps, which are better defined when the decomposition takes place in ammonia. The decomposition finally leads to the formation of CuCl mixed with graphite.


What the goals of American K– 12 education are, and what they should be, is a topic perpetually contested. Parents, teachers, administrators, and politicians may claim education as existing to instill moral and ethical character, to prepare students for the job market, to help students achieve some version of general academic excellence (usually posited as preparation for the next grade level or for college), or to prepare young people to become thoughtful and responsible participants in American democracy. In Educating for Empathy, Mirra (2018) argues the merits of focusing language arts education on this last category by teaching citizenship via what she calls "critical civic empathy," an active, changefocused form of empathy intent on bringing about greater social justice in contemporary society. Mirra (2018) makes clear early on that the version of empathy she is interested in is distinct from, and in some ways opposed to, contemporary curricula that employs what is often referred to as "socialemotional learning" (SEL), in which students are taught the value of being kind, honest, and patient. Mirra's concern with SEL stems from how it centers students' individual feelings or reactions without focusing on the need for social change, a criticism she states mostly succinctly in the book's conclusion when she notes that "if the empathy that we develop does not influence our behavior at the ballot box or on the streets of our communities, then the disposition actually does not mean much at all" (p. 103). Her concerns about curricula that merely encourage kindness echoes concerns others have made about demands for "civility" in our society's wider political discussions: In action, civility as a primary value ends up aligned with the desire to mute difficult or intense discussions and to therefore sidestep acknowledging who profits from current inequities and what changes need to be made to create a more just society. Socialemotional learning, like a very civil discussion of political difference, might allow everyone involved to demonstrate how polite they can be, but perhaps little more. Mirra (2018) defines a critical civic empathy curriculum as a more rigorous process oriented not just toward the mere recognition of difference but also toward taking active steps to question how imbalances of power and privilege arise and what assumptions should be questioned in order to address those imbalances. Citing Frankfurt School theorists Horkheimer and Adorno (1947) as philosophical inspiration, Mirra suggests that the literacy classroom can be a site particularly suited to critical investigation and the questioning of social norms. While structuring lessons according to this critical version of empathy requires more planning, the focus pays dividends, because


The yield condition of a polycrystalline hexagonal close-packed metal was investigated in connection with the slip characteristics of hcp crystal, as the continuation of the previous study on a body-centred cubic metal. Schmid factors were calculated for every crystal orientation both in tension and torsion and plotted on stereographic projection. Averaging the distribution of Schmid factors graphically, the ratio τ/σ of the torsional yield stress to the tensile yield stress was obtained, where the Sachs'model of polycrystalline aggregates was adopted. Value of τ/σ was also determined directly from integration of the formula for the Schmid factor with respect to all of possible crystal orientations. The obtained value of τ/σ was 0.590, which was slightly larger than that of bcc metal (0.573) as reported in the previous paper. Also the value is higher than 0.577 that is given from the von Mises'law.


Three component condensation of N,N′-dimethylurea, paraformaldehyde and primary amines using montmorillonite K-10 in dry media under microwave irradiation leads to triazones 5a–f in high yields.


Background: The aim of the study was to compare the survival rate of brackets bonded with amorphous calcium phosphate containing adhesive and fluoride releasing orthodontic adhesive over 6 months period. White spot lesions were also evaluated prior to bonding, 3 months and 6 months from the date of bonding.

Methods: Thirty six orthodontic patients were randomly divided into two equal groups using split mouth design. 592 brackets were bonded up to the premolars with either Aegis Ortho or Transbond Colour Change(TPCCA). Bracket failure rate and survival distribution were evaluated and compared using Kaplan- meier analysis and Log rank test with respect to adhesives, dental arches, segments , tooth types, gender and age groups. White spot lesion was assessed using WSL index.

Results: There was no significant difference between the failure rate of Aegis Ortho(3.0%) and TPCCA(1.4%). Kaplan Meier analysis, Log rank test showed that the difference in the overall failure rate and survival time between the arches, gender, and different age groups were not statistically significant. Both adhesives had a high bond failure rate in the posterior segment especially in the premolar region. Three patients had white spot lesions in the upper premolar region bonded with Aegis ortho.

Conclusion: Both Aegis ortho and Transbond plus colour change adhesive with a low bond failure rate can be used as an alternative orthodontic adhesive.

Key words : bond failure, amorphous calcium phosphate, transbond colour change adhesive, white spot lesions.


Objective Searching and screening high quality literatures to establish prevention and treatment plan of early enteral nutrition in patients after colorectal cancer surgery,which could be put into clinical practice and accelerated nursing service quality. Method A medical search worker was asked to search systematic reviews,meta-analysis and randomized controlled trial papers about prevention and treatment plan of early enteral nutrition in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Database of Abstracts of Review s of Effects,MEDLINE and CNKI. Result Twenty-two papers were retrieved,13 were included. Conclusion Exploring evidences under the guidance of scientific method and applying them to clinical nursing can prevent aspiration and improve life quality of patients.


Functional pattern planning of seasonal landscape in winter city is not a simple process, nor is simple functional layout, but considering seasonal variation of winter city and adaptive mechanism of landscape, also is a complex and time scale landscaping arts. This paper take landscape geography and landscape ecology as the theoretical basis, divided the functional elements of seasonal landscape into the landscape resources, subject demands and space functions. Proposed strategies of exploiting multi-season landscape resources, constructing multiple space function and building model of functional transformation to realize seasonal design of landscape in winter city and planning of functional patterns.


This paper proposes a spectrum-agile cognitive radio (CR) which may withstand, or outperform, a sophisticated jammer that adapts to the radio's channel selections. The spectrum co-existence of the CR and the jammer is modeled as a non-cooperative stochastic game and game-theoretic learning is allowed for both to learn effective policies in response to each other's actions. The CR is designed to use Win-or-Learn-Fast Policy Hill Climbing (WoLF-PHC) Reinforcement Learning to make better future channel selection decisions. A cognitive jammer (CJ) that time-interweaves jamming and sensing and uses No-regret Learning (NRL) to zero-in on channels containing signals is also developed. Both protocols were implemented on USRP software-defined radios. Over-the-air (OTA) tests showed that the developed CR performed 68% better than a legacy radio against the cognitive jammer. Similarly, the CJ performed 39% better than a non-learning jammer against the CR.


It is possible that Min(民) can be used as a suffix.Min,as a morpheme,depends on its root.It is productive in word formation,and its meaning is empty.Its grammatical meaning has a tendency in classifying.Min's position is regular in word formation.There are extra-linguistic and intra-linguistic motivations in Min(民)as a suffix.Min has semantic and pragmatic functions.


In vitro culture of primary neurons, especially hippocampal neurons, is important for understanding cellular mechanisms in neurobiology. Actually, this is achieved by using culture dish or glass slide with surface coated proteins. Here, we proposed a patch method to culture primary neurons on a monolayer of gelatin nanofibers, electrospun and crosslinked on a microfabricated honeycomb frame of poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). By using such a patch method, neural networks could be formed with a minimal cell-exogenous materials contact and a maximal exposure of the cells to the medium. Interestingly, hippocampal cells, especially astrocytes, showed in-vivo like morphology and most of neurons were found in the porous areas inside the honeycomb compartments although the nanofibers were deposited everywhere of the frame. Finally, calcium imaging showed that primary neurons have a higher degree of neural activity on the patch than on glass.


This study attempts to explore the negotiation processes for meaning in English talk-in-interactions between non-native speakers whose native language is Korean. English data from eight groups are transcribed and analysed, applying conversation analysis (CA) as a methodology. The analysis of spoken discourse shows how negotiation processes for meaning work between Korean learners (KLs). KLs manage to interact with incompetent communicative competence, and they use many next-turn repair initiators (NTRIs) for meaning negotiations. KLs use NTRIs such as explicit non-understanding, What or Yeah, partial or full repetition of the prior speaker`s turn, and appender NTRI types for negotiation of meaning. KLs use the partial or full repetition strategies of the prior turn far more frequently than other NTRIs for understanding. In addition, KLs show the complicated processes for meaning negotiation for their understanding in sequential and interactive contexts. Finally, this study shows interactive characteristics in KLs. suggesting the need to explore the interaction in KLs for pedagogical implications.