This study investigates a combined system comprising non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and beamforming in a downlink network. To fully exploit the advantages of NOMA, user (UE) pairing and beamforming design are jointly optimized via a generalized model for UE association, subject to energy efficiency maximization. Owing to the combination of binary variables and nonconvex constraints, the resulting optimization problem belongs to the class of mixed-integer nonconvex programming. An innovative algorithm, integrating the inner-approximation and Dinkelbach methods, is proposed herein to address a nonconvex fractional function. By introducing a pairing matrix and relaxing the binary variables into continuous ones, our approach is capable of reaching an optimal solution, where two arbitrary UEs are optimally paired regardless of geographical or spatial constraints. For practical scenarios, we further propose a robust design to manage the effect of channel estimation errors under settings involving channel uncertainty. Numerical results show that our proposed designs, even with the presence of the imperfect channel state information at the base station, significantly outperform the conventional beamforming and existing pairing schemes.


Centrifugal ultrafiltration, vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay and liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (lc-esi-msn) were combined to screen alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from two kinds of chinese herb medicine, polygoni cuspidati rhizoma et radix and rhei radix et rhizoma, which are rich in anthraquinones. first, a vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay was carried on based on 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside (pnpg) as substrate. as a result, polygoni cuspidati rhizoma et radix and rhei radix et rhizoma extracts showed 50% alpha-glucosidase inhibition at the concentration of 0. 027 g/l and 0. 050 g/l respectively, and the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of them were stronger than those of control drug acarbose. then, the centrifugal ultrafiltration lc-esi-msn was used to screen and identify alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from chinese herb medicine extracts. as a result, 12 and 7 kinds of samll-molecule active compounds were successfully identified as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from polygoni cuspidati rhizoma et radix and rhei radix et rhizoma respectively, totally 16 kinds of active compounds. seven kinds of the compounds belonged to anthraquinones, five compounds belong to polyphenols and four compounds had a galloxyl group. the results showed that anthraquinones had good alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity, which laid the foundation for the further application.


If we follow Fernand Braudel's classification, the economy can be divided into three sectors: capitalism, the market economy, and the subsistence economy [Braudel 1979: introduction]. The meaning of the third sector would be self-explanatory: goods are produced for the producer's own consumption. In the market economy and capitalism, however, economic activities are undertaken for the market; the difference between the two is that in the former economic activities are small-scale and utilize only a small amount of capital, while in the latter a large amount of capital is used and the scale of operation is large. Capitalism is then the sector in which the role of capital is pronounced. Chinese businesses in this paper are not just any types of business owned and operated by the Chinese. I want to treat only those in which substantial capital is involved, that is, those in capitalism. They may be called capitalist institutions, and the people who own them can be called capitalists, but here they are usually called, respectively,


Over the last two decades, high temperature superconductors (HTS) have achieved performance and technical maturity that make them an enabling technology or an attractive solution for a number of applications like electric motors and generators, particle accelerators and fusion magnets. One of the remaining challenges that hinders a wide use of HTS and needs to be solved is quench detection, since conventional voltage based quench detection puts HTS magnets at risk. In this work we have developed and experimentally investigated the application of Rayleigh-backscattering interrogated optical fibers (RIOF) to the detection of normal zones in superconducting magnets. Different ways to integrate optical fibers into magnets are explored and the earlier detection of RIOF compared to voltage is demonstrated.


Serverless computing through Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) platforms is a popular new cloud computing model, offering high elasticity while being fully-managed. However, FaaS platforms do not quantify elasticity; thus, application developers are unaware of how elastic FaaS platforms are. This paper is an extended version of [18]. The original paper proposes an experiment design and corresponding toolkit for observing elasticity and its associated trade-offs with latency, reliability, and execution costs. Results for evaluating four popular FaaS platforms by AWS, Google, IBM, and Microsoft indicate significant short-comings in terms of elasticity for all but AWS's service offer. One year later, we reproduced all experiments and revisited our discussions. We report significant improvements by Google and IBM. Our results indicate that (currently) all but Microsoft's FaaS platform are elastic with differences in latency and execution costs.


The invention relates to a steel sheet suitable for the drawing method, the sheet being obtained by hot rolling and coiling. The steel forming the sheet containing carbon in a proportion of between 0.02 and 0.05% by weight and manganese in a proportion of between 0.1 and 0.3% by weight. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a sheet.


Transmittance and reflectance modes are the two most common technique used for investigating liquid psychochemical properties based on optical spectra. In the case of honey characterization, this research performed to show a comparison between both modes to measure honey's Total Soluble Solids and pH based on the Vis-NIR hyperspectral imaging system. The system consists of Specim FX10 hyperspectral camera with 448 bands (400-1000nm), three 200 W halogen lamps, a light diffuser, a motor slider, and a PC. Then, a Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) algorithm applied to predict measured values based on the acquired transmittance and reflectance spectrum. Performance of each technique tested by tenfold Cross Validation, which randomly grouping the dataset into ten partitions. Samples is prepared from 28 different honey types with varied colors, placed in 5 cm diameter Petri dishes at 10 ml volume. Performance of each technique measured by R2 and a Root Mean Square Percentage Error (RMSPE) score. Transmittance mode results in R2 of 0.93 and 0.80, RMSPE of 1.06% and 5.36% for total soluble solid content and pH measurement. For similar measured properties, reflectance mode results in R2 of 0.94 and 0.82, RMSPE of1.01% and 5.23%. In this research, reflectance mode performs slightly better than transmittance mode in the measurement of Total Soluble Solids and pH in honey samples.


The Callovian-Oxfordian carbonate reservoir in central Block B on the right bank of Amu Darya is composed of different mechanical and petrophysical layers, where the tectonic fractures have major influences on both the performance and production of the low-permeability reservoir. The development of the tectonic fractures is mainly controlled by the mechanical properties of rocks (e.g., lithology, rock texture, porosity, and shale volume), and the differences in the development of tectonic fractures leading to the high production intervals are restricted preferentially due to fractured mechanical layers. Our study results show that the three main tectonic fracture systems are developed in the Callovian-Oxfordian Stage, including the fracture systems caused by extension movement, compression movement, and fold deformation. Specifically, high-angle extensional fractures and conjugate shear fractures are generally caused by extension movement, which are of small apertures and are mostly fully mineralized and have little impact on fluid flow. Medium- and low-angle extensional fractures as well as conjugate shear fractures are generally caused by compression movement where the strike is nearly parallel to the present-day maximum horizontal stress. These fractures have large aperture and good connectivity with strong flow conductivity of the fluid. However, fewer tectonic fractures are caused by fold deformation. The main properties of natural fractures, such as fracture length, fracture density, fracture aperture, fracture porosity, and stress sensitivity as well as their impacts on the Callovian-Oxfordian reservoir performances, are described herein. We conclude that the tectonic fractures have slight impacts on porosity albeit significant impacts on permeability. Hence, the well placement and well type are optimized under the guidance of the study results.


The aim of the present study was to perform a comparative analysis of knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tuberculosis (TB) as well as living conditions and health status among transvestites and transsexual women in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in 2014 involving the administration of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) questionnaire for a comparative analysis individuals treated for TB and those without treatment. Comparisons of the percentage distributions were performed using either Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, with a 5% significance level (p<0.05). Results: Regarding living conditions and health, statistical significance was found for prostitution (p<0.001) and having been imprisoned (p<0.001). A total of 80% of the transvestites and 100% of the transsexual women reported treatment for syphilis and 25.9% of the transvestites reported treatment for TB. The results of the KAP questionnaire demonstrated erroneous concepts regarding the signs, symptoms, prevention and transmission of TB in both groups. Among individuals having been treated for the disease, health professionals were the most frequent source of information (80%), but 100% reported symptoms not associated with TB, 47.6% reported erroneous forms of transmission, 52.4% did not feel well informed and 81% wanted further information about the disease. Conclusion: The present findings demonstrate that transgender individuals are at high risk of TB and have a modest level of knowledge of the disease, which influences attitudes and practices, thereby perpetuating the stigma of TB. Health education actions addressing this issue are evidently flawed and goals regarding the control of TB have not been achieved. The findings suggest that transgender individuals should be included in official health data and should receive greater information from health professionals involved in TB programs.


Acknowledgments ix Introduction - Sociological Congruence and the Shaping of Recorded Jazz 1 Chapter 1 The Puzzle of Geographical Disconnectedness 13 Chapter 2 Further Exploring the Salience of Geography 40 Chapter 3 Sociological Congruence and the Puzzle of Early German Jazz 53 Chapter 4 Sociological Congruence and Record Company Comparative Advantage 77 Chapter 5 The Sociological Congruence of Record Company Deception 103 Chapter 6 The Sociological Congruence of Identity Sequences and Adoption Narratives 120 Chapter 7 Pulling It Together and Stretching It Beyond 137 Appendix 159 Notes 169 References 187 Index 203


has proven to be anefficient catalyst for the successful dual transformation of diazonium salts into p-quaterphenyl (3).Key Words : Arenediazonium tosylates, Biaryl and polyaryl synthesis, Homo- and cross-coupling reactions,One-pot reactionIntroductionThere is a vast literature demonstrating the importance ofbiaryls and polyaryls as building blocks for natural products,pharmaceuticals, optoelectronics and advanced materials.


The recent renewed interest in diffraction gratings as mirrors for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) stimulated the development of fast and accurate full-wave simulators. In fact, their modeling requires large sets of scattering analyses, which can be effectively carried out by means of mode-matching techniques. In this framework, a crucial point is the numerical synthesis of the grating modes, which should be performed trading-off the accuracy required by the scattering problem and the computational time necessary to compute the projection matrices. Two approaches applied to different problems, discussing which is the most convenient in each situation.


In this study the role of adenosine A1 receptors of the CA1 region of hippocampus on piriform cortex–kindled seizures was investigated in rats. Obtained results showed that in kindled animals, bilateral microinjection of N6–cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), an adenosine A1 receptor agonist, at doses of 10 and 100 mM into the hippocampal CA1 region decreased the afterdischarge duration (ADD), stage 5 seizure duration (S5D) and seizure duration (SD), and increased the latency to stage 4 (S4L) significantly. CHA at the doses of 1 mM decreased only ADD and no changes were observed at the doses of 0.1 mM. Bilateral microinjection of 1,3-dimethyl-8-cyclopenthylxanthine (CPT), an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, into the CA1 region of hippocampus increased ADD at the dose of 20 mM significantly, but has no effect on seizure parameters at the dose of 10 mM. Pretreatment of animals with CPT (10 mM) before CHA (10 and 100 mM), reduced the effect of CHA on seizure parameters significantly. Thus, it may be suggested that the hippocampal CA1 region may play a role in relaying or spreading of seizure spikes elicited from the piriform cortex, and activation of adenosine A1 receptors of this region can prevent this actions.


Cloud Computing has been adopted by health-care industry for their data's storage, manipulation, and secured sharing needs. However, cloud's distributed nature can be exploited to the use of scientific applications that are designed for health-care data evaluation. These scientific applications, such as, Medical Imaging, Gene and Protein annotation, Mapdrug therapy and Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS), require high-performance messaging libraries with minimum computational and communication overhead, and efficient resource utilization. The proposed High Performance Java Sockets (HPJS) encapsulates the needs of high-performance messaging of scientific applications for cloud platforms. HPJS effectively uses Java's socket implementation for high-performance inter-process communication. With single-copy protocol, thread re-usability and reduced communication overhead, HPJS can perform messaging twice as fast to conventional buffered-base communication libraries.


Solar energy delivered by organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices has the potential to be a widely adopted source of sustainable electricity for a range of applications. Printing and coating technologies are being investigated as a means of quickly and cost effectively mass-producing OPV devices. This paper uses an analysis framework to review and assess the suitability of printing and coating technologies for delivering marketable OPV products. The analysis framework was developed by linking the OPV materials and fabrication method to the consumer requirements. The consumer requirements were delivered by the performance characteristics resulting from the device properties. These device properties were produced by the materials and fabrication method, including the printing/coating method. Specific criteria were developed for each of the stages and the interconnections were mapped to allow pathways between the fabrication technique and consumer requirements to be followed. The benefits and limitations of printing and coating processes were reviewed using the analysis framework for inkjet printing, roller printing, screen printing, pad printing, spin coating and spray coating, amongst others. Suitable processes were those that could meet the performance characteristics by the ability to produce nanoscale films, create set patterning and produce a variety of device sizes. The compatibility of the polymer physical properties with the printing/coating method was also important to achieve consistent products. The most suitable process for a particular application was dependent on the target device size and intended use. Identification of effective printing/coating techniques is necessary for rapid scale-up and commercially viable mass-manufacture of OPV products.


Abstract— Multilevel inverter technology has emerged recently as a very important alternative in the area of high power ,medium voltage energy control .This paper present the most important topologies like H-bridge inverter, diode-clamped inverter (neutral-point clamped) and capacitor clamped (flying capacitor) and their working as single phase. Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel inverters are basically used for high power applications as it helps in getting improved output waveform, nearly sinusoidal. As the levels obtained by Multilevel inverters increased the efficiency, harmonic content reduced but with this merits there are certain problems offered by it .This paper study this tradeoffs. The theoretical study made in this paper considers the comparison of 7-level and 5-level inverters.


IN the investigation of stability problems in physical science it is essential that 'stability criteria' be available to ensure that the characteristic equation, which is usually an algebraic polynomial equation, is such that the roots, if real, are negative; and, if complex, have their real parts negative.


Science and technology are defining characteristics of our society and, in striving to meet the needs of the public for meaningful narratives about the past, public historians need to pay more attention to their history. Museums, with their educational mandates and historical collections, should be an obvious vehicle for fulfilling this role. The situation, though, has been complicated by the science center movement which emphasizes transcendent scientific principles. The ability of historians and curators to demonstrate the explanatory power of history and make good on the promise of object-based exhibitions and programs will depend on meeting significant institutional and intellectual challenges. It will also depend on support from the wider public history and museum communities.


Although the influence of the technological diversity of R&D alliance partners on a focal firm's performance has been discussed for several years, there are no sufficient consistent evidences to support the notion that technological diversity of partners has specific effect on the focal firm's performance. This study therefore tests hypotheses with multi-industry data on 1416 R&D alliances formed by US firms between 1990 and 2006. The findings of the present study indicate that (1) technological diversity of R&D partners has negative effect on the focal firm's performance; (2) the external (environmental dynamism) and internal (the focal firm's exploratory orientation) boundary conditions positively moderate, respectively, the impact of technological diversity of R&D partners on a focal firm's performance; (3) the cofigurational effect of external and internal boundary conditions further highlights significance of exploratory learning and inter-organizational learning opportunities in dynamic environment.


Recent works have shown that sentiment analysis on social media can be improved by fusing text with social context information. Social context is information such as relationships between users and interactions of users with content. Although existing works have already exploited the networked structure of social context by using graphical models or techniques such as label propagation, more advanced techniques from social network analysis remain unexplored. Our hypothesis is that these techniques can help reveal underlying features that could help with the analysis. In this work, we present a sentiment classification model (CRANK) that leverages community partitions to improve both user and content classification. We evaluated this model on existing datasets and compared it to other approaches.


A solar cell module thin film of a translucent structure comprising: a light transmissive substrate (11) having a rectangular surface; and a plurality of segments solar cell film (12) each having a rectangular surface, wherein two segments adjacent solar cells (12) extend parallel to each other and are spaced from one another by exposing the surface of substrate to define a gap comprising a transmitting light window (112) therebetween, wherein each solar cell segment (12) comprises a plurality of unit solar cells (121) electrically connected to form a solar cell segment, the transmitting window light (112) separates two segments of adjacent solar cells (12), the gap (112) between two cell segments segments adjacent solar cells is filled with a transparent resin (13) and said plurality of segments of solar cells (12 ) is formed on an entire surface of said substrate except a peripheral portion thereof, wherein a seal member (13, 14) covers said plurality of seg cough solar cell (12) and is attached to said surface (11) in the peripheral portion (111) thereof.


Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a frequent and challenging diagnosis within gynaecology. A new kind of psychosomatic physiotherapeutic treatment is delineated and tested with patients where persistent CPP has been the dominating symptom. The treatment modality is described as ?triangle treatment?, where the particular aim is an active participation of a responsible patient. The study describes physiotherapy within the framework of body awareness therapy with five women. During 20 sessions physiotherapy was conducted in close collaboration with a female gynaecologist. Both qualitative (participant observation, field notes, narratives) and quantitative (Body Awareness Scale and sick-leave data) research approaches were used. One purpose of the study was to focus on the working methods of the physiotherapist and throw light on management and interventions in short-term therapy. A focus group of experts was applied for analysing and interpreting the process and treatment outcome. The manner of working with the pain ?as an ally? is elucidated. The women improved with regard to psychomotoric function, pain and working capacity. The study points at the relationship between accomplished home exercises, patients' formulated ?desired goals? and outcome. The capability of constructing distinct ?desired goals? was closely related to improvement. A model on physiotherapy has been developed which stresses the polarities in the physiotherapist's work (demanding/accepting; distance/closeness; movements/talks) and the ?art of adjusting? as the overall method of working. The model also encompasses bodily reactions appearing in the therapy room as an aid to regulate the physiotherapy.


The purpose of this study was to assess the peculiarities of vertebral pain syndrome, parameters of physical performance and quality of life indices in women of older age depending on the presence of vertebral fractures (VF). This study was performed with participation of 215 women aged 50-89 years old which were divided into two groups: fi rst one-women without any previous osteoporotic fractures (n=143), second group patients with VF in thoracic and/or lumbar spine (n=72). The presence and intensity of pain in the thoracic and lumbar spine were evaluated using the 11-component visual analog scale (VAS), physical performance-with following functional tests: 3-, 4and 15-meter tests (gait speed), static balance (a side-by-side position, a semi-tandem position and a full-tandem position), 8-feet test and «fi ve timed chair stands» (coordination and strength), hand grip strength (by dynamometer), measurement of arterial pressure (systolic and diastolic), heart and respiratory rates, breath holding, chest excursion (mean and on the inhalation and the exhalation), lateral trunk lean, Schober and Thomayer tests. It was demonstrated that the intensity of vertebral pain (pain at the time of investigation, the most common level of pain, pain in the best periods of the disease) and some physical performance tests (lateral trunk lean and chest excursion (mean index, during the inhalation and exhalation), hand grip strength, 15-meter gait speed test and fi ve-repetition sit-to-stand test) are signifi cantly worse in women with VF than corresponding parameters in persons without fractures. It should be taken into account during the assessment of physical performance and development of rehabilitation programs for older age women with vertebral fractures. Research Article Vertebral pain syndrome and physical performance assessing in older women with vertebral fractures Grygorieva Nataliia*, Povorozyuk Vladyslav and Rybina Olena Institute of Gerontology named after D. F. Chebotarev NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine *Address for Correspondence: Grygorieva Nataliia, Institute of Gerontology named after D. F. Chebotarev NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tel: +38(044) 430-41-74, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Submitted: 06 October 2017 Approved: 16 October 2017 Published: 17 October 2017 Copyright: 2017 Grygorieva N, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


Occlusive vascular disease in the upper extremity of athletes is rare and is usually caused by repeated or isolated blunt trauma. The artery most commonly involved is the ulnar artery where it emerges from the canal of Guyon and runs across the superficial hypothenar musculature. We report an isolated radial artery thrombosis, documented with arteriography, caused by a single athletic injury. To our knowledge, posttraumatic thrombosis of the radial artery in the anatomic snuff box associated with distal embolic disease has not been reported. Treatment options are discussed.


The aim of the study is to inventorise and portray the present status of sacred groves and sacred trees (SGs&STs) spreaded over the eastern bank of the river Hoogly of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal. Among 129 SGs and STs reported here, 84 SGs and STs are found as well maintained (65.1%) and followed by 29 irregularly maintained (24%) 15 deserted (11.6 %) and the rest one of occasional use. Among the eight municipalities, Naihati Municipality is carrying the maximum number of well maintained SGs and STs and Titagarh Municipality is accompanied with the highest number of deserted SGs and STs. All these sacred areas are under threat due to urbanization. Replacement with idols and concrete structures may lead to Traditional Conservation.


Iron silicides were produced by 100-keV {sup 57}Fe implantation at room temperature into Si(100), followed by 500-keV Si beam irradiation at 593 K to induce epitaxial crystallization. The iron concentration was varied between 4 and 28 at.{percent}. The M{umlt o}ssbauer spectra associated with {sup 57}Fe probes can be described by means of a broad quadrupole interaction distribution. After thermal treatments at temperatures up to 793 K the spectra become narrower and quadrupole distribution gets closer to that of {beta}-FeSi{sub 2}. The fitted interactions are discussed in terms of those of {gamma}-FeSi{sub 2}, {beta}-FeSi{sub 2}, and {alpha}-FeSi{sub 2} phases which have been observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Low-temperature measurements of {gamma}-FeSi{sub 2} precipitates prepared by the ion-beam-induced epitaxial crystallization route do not confirm the reported occurrence of magnetic ordering in this system, above 4.2 K. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


We study the global and local existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations with anisotropic viscosity in a bounded cylindrical domain $Q=\Omega\times (0,1)$, where $\Omega$ is a star-shaped domain in $R^2$. In this paper, we consider the case of homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions on the lateral boundary and vanishing normal trace on the top and the bottom.


Background:  Clinicians are familiar with making diagnostic decisions based on information gathered from history, clinical examination and diagnostic tests. Although many clinicians assess students, they may be less familiar with ways to assimilate assessment information to inform educational decisions. We draw parallels between the processes used to make a clinical diagnosis and the similar processes needed to make an educational decision.


The United States economy relies heavily on oil and natural gas to keep it functioning smoothly. Just how much of this oil and gas comes from the Gulf of Mexico Oil and Gas Industry may not be so well known. Estimates provided have stated that 29 percent of the domestic oil and natural gas production is recovered from oil and gas reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico. To help ensure that advanced technology is implemented in a safe manner in respect to marine environment, regulatory responsibilities are very important.


In a previous paper [D. Lee et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 3192–3202 (1992)], a three‐dimensional effect on acoustic wave propagation has been examined by using a propagation model with azimuth‐coupling capability (FOR3D). It has been found that a significant three‐dimensional effect on transmission loss (TL) takes place at the Atlantic shelf area with bottom topography variations given by the Harvard open ocean model (HOOM). In this talk, some results are reported of the investigation of the three‐dimensional effect on modal travel time under the same oceanic environment by using the scheme of modal spectrum of the PE field (MOSPEF).


Abstract A new reagent, potassium permanganate adsorbed on kieselguhr, suitable for the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds is described.


ABSTRACT Human echovirus 20 (E-20) belongs to the Human enterovirus B (HEV-B) species and is often detected in nonpolio enterovirus cases of acute flaccid paralysis. We determined the complete genome of strain 812/YN/CHN/2010, isolated from a child with severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Yunnan, China, in 2010.


Java 8 introduces two functional features: lambda expressions and functional operations like map or filter that apply a lambda expression over the elements of a Collection. Refactoring existing code to use these new features enables explicit but unobtrusive parallelism and makes the code more succinct. However, refactoring is tedious: it requires changing many lines of code. It is also error-prone: the programmer must reason about the control-, data-flow, and side-effects. Fortunately, refactorings can be automated. We designed and implemented LambdaFicator, a tool which automates two refactorings. The first refactoring converts anonymous inner classes to lambda expressions. The second refactoring converts for loops that iterate over Collections to functional operations that use lambda expressions. Using 9 open-source projects, we have applied these two refactorings 1263 and 1709 times, respectively. The results show that LambdaFicator is useful: (i) it is widely applicable, (ii) it reduces the code bloat, (iii) it increases programmer productivity, and (iv) it is accurate.


The advantage of panchromatic imaging at wavelengths between 1.1 - 2.5 micrometer [short-wave infrared (SWIR)] to that of 0.5 - 1.0 micrometer [visible and near wave infrared (NWIR)] is shown by analysis and experiment in this paper. At long ranges and under low visibility conditions, the signal-to-noise ratio and image quality in the SWIR are significantly better than in the NWIR and visible spectral bands. This effect can be utilized to great advantage in airborne reconnaissance to extend the range of coverage and to improve the interpretability of the product. Such improvements apply to ground-based and space borne systems as well. Other system benefits are derived by utilizing SWIR in place of the NWIR wavelength region. Stabilization requirements can be relaxed; larger optical fabrication, alignment, environmental and boundary layer wavefront error can be tolerated; and less degradation occurs due to atmospheric turbulence and dispersion error. SWIR systems can be fabricated with some of the same optical materials available as in the NWIR and visible systems. All these effects lead to a simpler, less-expensive, and more capable imaging system that together comprise the SWIR Advantage.


Health is a basic human right. Improving health requires social and environmental justice and sustainable development. The 'health for all' movement embraces principles shared by other social movements—in sustainable development, community safety and new economics. These principles include equity, democracy, empowerment of individuals and communities, underpinned by supportive environmental, economic and educational measures and multi-agency partnerships. Health promotion is green promotion and inequality in health is due to social and economic inequality. This paper shows how health, environmental and economic sustainability are inextricably linked and how professionals of different disciplines can work together with the communities they serve to improve local health and quality of life. It gives examples of how local policy and programme development for public health improvement can fit in with global and national policy-making to promote health, environmental and social justice.


This study aims to classify risk and derive the best estimate mortality rate for life insurance company PT ABC by using a Poisson regression model. With the Poisson regression model, this study modeled the number of deaths with policy duration, underwriting treatment, extra mortality enactment, and the sum insured amount. The sample data used in this study is the death count of insured males over the age of 18 years during period 2012-2016 in life insurance company PT ABC. After modeling the baseline mortality with a Poisson regression model and then performing exploratory analysis using a Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) for classifying risk, the mortality rate estimation based on the risk profile of life insurance company PT ABC is obtained. This estimated mortality rate is used to construct a mortality table. The results of the study showed that mortality rates for three-year policy duration of insured males over the age of 18 years' underwritten insurance policy with sum insured less than IDR 100 million and no extra mortality are greater than mortality rates for zero-year policy duration with the same profile. By getting the mortality rate in accordance with the company's risk profile, life insurance companies are expected to be more precise in determining the required reserves and deriving premiums in line with the risk profile of the insured lives.


A key to successful image compression is a combination of (1) energy compaction by appropriate transform algorithms to exploit data redundancy and (2) efficient entropy encoding of transform coefficients to take advantage of different symbol rates. Further, it is important that one selects the transform algorithm that most efficiently addresses the system requirement. The reduced dimension image compression (ReDIC) algorithm consists of (1) a library of transform algorithms to exploit data redundancy in local subimage, (2) subspace filtering to maximally decorrelate transform coefficients over multiple subimages and to achieve additional dimension reduction, (3) vector quantization (VQ) of compressed transform coefficients, and (4) entropy encoding of VQ indexes with Huffman or arithmetic coders. The intermediate step of subspace filtering has an added benefit of mitigating the effects of the so-called curse of dimensionality in VQ. The authors describe the ReDIC algorithm and discuss its application to image coding of sonar spectrograms for low-latency, low-cost wireless or satellite transmission to shore processing stations. They quantify the impact of image compression on minimum detectable lines with deflection or detection index. They also compare the original and reconstructed spectrograms derived from real data at 52:1 compression ratio.


Summary A group of 5 adrenalectomized dogs of a large series studied, developed typical signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency in the absence of noteworthy alterations in the serum Na and CI values. Hypoglycemia was not present in any of the animals but during insufficiency dehydration and hemoconcentration were evident in 3 of them as indicated by marked increases in hemoglobin. In view of the inspissation of the blood in these dogs it seemed probable that sufficient water was not available for elimination of the electrolytes. This is the interpretation originally given by Nicholson and Soffer(4) to account for the death of their salt-injected dogs. However, a comparison of the hemoglobin concentrations of 8 adrenalectomized dogs exhibiting insufficiency with hyponatriemia (avg. 128 mEq/1) with the hemoglobin increases shown by the 5 animals discussed here, reveals that the hemoconcentration as gauged by hemoglobin changes was not more severe in the latter group. It is unfortunate that plasma volume determinations were not made. However, the drastic decline in arterial pressure and evident weakness of the animals indicated that defective functioning of the vasomotor system was probably the immediate cause of the symptoms. The hyperkaliemia of one dog was of sufficient magnitude to induce cardiac symptoms. The retention of a normal serum electrolyte pattern during insufficiency in these few exceptional dogs is reminiscent of the condition normally occurring in adrenal insufficiency in such animals as the opossum, marmot hamster (13) and certain elasmobranchs.


Microreactors are an important development in chemical engineering since the pharmaceutical industry needs flexible production rather than a large amount of product yield. The size of the microreactor may be so small that it requires the development of non-mechanical methods for reagent mixing. In this paper, we propose the design of a continuous-flow microreactor in the form of a narrow cell with a variable gap. By tuning the gap width in time and space, one can control the reaction rate and regulate the product yield. We show that the governing equation for the fluid flow can be reduced to the Darcy equation with permeability varying in space and time. As a test reaction, we consider the neutralization of nitric acid with sodium hydroxide resulting in the solutal convection in the presence of gravity. We show numerically that the prototyping spatially-distributed relief of the reactor walls can successfully separate the incoming and outgoing flows of reagents, control the mixing intensity, increase or decrease the product yield. We demonstrate also the dynamic control of the reactor efficiency via real-time local changes in the gap width.


The essential oils of the plant Deverra scoparia Coss. & Dur. (Apiaceae) used in traditional medicine in Algeria were subjected to testing the antimalarial activity. Their potential ability to inhibit the in vitro proliferation was evaluated in two strains of Plasmodium falciparum; chloroquine-resistant (K1), and chloroquine-sensitive (3d7) strains. The essential oils displayed good antimalarial activity with IC50 values 1.51 ± 0.71 μg/mL and 0.93 ± 0.89 μg/mL against the 3d7 chloroquine-sensitive and the K1 chloroquine-resistantstrains respectively. So, Deverra scoparia presented a potential source of antimalarial molecules.


Abstract Abstract Abstract This article consists on a bibliographic research from the book The Diving Bell and the Butterfly by Jean-Dominique Bauby, from the viewpoint of the theoric referential of Person Centered Approach by Carl Rogers. Bauby, editor-in-chief of French magazine Elle, in December 1995, 43 years old, had a stroke, remaining in coma for twenty days and becoming the bearer of a rare syndrome, called, by medicine, of Locked-in syndrome. The objective was to analyze in what aspects the application of some concepts of the Approach can contribute to the care of people who present a reduced capacity of communication like Bauby. The study concludes that the attitudes oferred to the author, by two workers of the hospital, favored his development and inner growth, in the sense of his maturity, autonomy and responsability as a man.


The incidence of postoperative recurrence of primary breast cancers in 73 patients was correlated with the blood levels of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in peripheral veins (V-TPA), feeding arteries (A-TPA), draining veins (V-TPA) and the gradient between the TAP levels in draining veins and feeding arteries (V-A TPA). With progression in the stage of the cancers, all parameters were increased. In stages II and III, the mean level of V-TPA was significantly higher than the mean level of A-TPA (p less than 0.05). In each stage, each parameter was increased in the patients with recurrences when compared with the levels in the patients with no recurrences. In patients with V-A TPA gradients greater than 30 U/L, the rate of recurrence was significantly higher when compared with patients with gradients less than 30 U/L (p less than 0.05). The clinical significance of this finding is that patients with V-A TPA gradient greater than 30 U/L should be closely followed because of the increased risk of recurrences.


The study aims to establish a firm image which can be expressed by the WK-League, to put light on the characteristics innate in the women`s soccer, and to provide basic data for the marketing strategies to be used by the KWFF, WK-League and marketing managers of the soccer leagues whose goal is to expand the base by confirming the information on the WK-League consumer behavioral characteristics and verify the differences on image by dividing the 4-factors of behavior, psychology, evaluation, and negativity into the present image and ideal image. To accomplish this study`s aim, frequency analysis, chi-square analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were used. The research results of this study indicate that, the comparison of source of information gathering for WK-League consumer`s behavioral characteristics by gender and age presented a significant difference and 1-2 times was the highest in terms of visiting frequency. Second, the modern people are showing reaction to the proactive athletes equipped with healthy aesthetics of women`s soccer because the soccer was a sport which was perceived as a difficult sport for women to play in the past. Finally, image had a significant influence on revist intention.


Bioremediation is a sustainable solution to clean up the organic pollutants from the contaminated sites. Both plants and microbes play leading roles in bioremediation processes. Compared to phytoremediation, microbial bioremediation is paid more attention and has wide applications since microorganisms are ubiquitous in the environment and they are able to function under various conditions, especially at really extreme environmental conditions where plants cannot survive.


Trauma is a complex disease state associated with physiologic changes that have the potential to alter hepatic drug clearance mechanisms. These responses include alterations in hepatic blood flow, reduction in hepatic microsomal activity, reduction in hepatic excretion processes, and changes in protein binding. Hepatic blood flow is influenced by sympathomimetic activity. Both animal and human studies demonstrate an initial reduction and subsequent increase in hepatic blood flow, which coincides with an observed increase and subsequent return to normal in serum catecholamine concentrations. Unfortunately, there are no human studies that address the importance these findings may have to the clearance processes of high intrinsic clearance compounds. Animal studies of trauma indicate that hepatic microsomal activity is depressed during the post-traumatic period. Reduction in the hepatic clearance of antipyrine, a model low intrinsic compound, has also been demonstrated in animal models of trauma. In addition to these effects, hepatic excretion of substances such as indocyanine green and bilirubin have been demonstrated to be impaired in both traumatized animals and humans. Finally, substantial increases in the serum concentration of the binding protein α1-acid glycoprotein occur in trauma patients. This has been reported to be associated with subsequent decreases in the free fraction of lidocaine and quinidine. In addition to changing serum drug concentration/reponse relationships, the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs bound to α1-acid glycoprotein should also change. Preliminary observations in our laboratory in a dog model of surgically-induced trauma have shown a reduction in the total clearance of lidocaine and reduction in free lidocaine concentration. Both of these observations are consistent with that predicted by theory. It appears that traumatic injury has the potential to influence drug pharmacokinetics through a variety of mechanisms. Until definitive studies are performed in traumatized patients, drug therapy should be approached with caution.


Abstract The study explored nursery through secondary teachers' perceptions of international education in their teaching practices. All teachers lived in a rural area of the central US. Data were drawn from a web-based survey comprised of 28 questions addressing international education; interview data provided further understanding of one teacher's efforts toward internationalising curriculum in her classroom. Findings indicated that the teachers in this area of the US hold varying understandings of international education; despite their limited understanding of international education within the classroom context, teachers were eager for tools and strategies to internationalise their curricula and teaching practices. Results call for professional development to broaden teachers' perspectives of international education and to explore advanced instructional approaches that incorporate global perspectives, and the role of language and culture in teaching. Last, we propose a model in which international education can be actualised within a formal educational context.


This paper provides an analysis of the commercial feasibility of the suborbital tourism market while considering the large uncertainties in the demand. Deciding whether to enter this market or not, and more generally deciding which commercial strategy to choose, becomes an even greater challenge in the face of these large uncertainties. Since it is unlikely that future demand forecasts will be significantly more precise, an analysis which takes these uncertainties into account is needed. Our work addresses this problem by using a Monte Carlo Simulation to calculate the distribution of possible results in commercial terms (net present value (NPV) developed from a discounted cash flow analysis). By conducting a sensitivity analysis, we identify the most impactful factors in development and create a probability distribution of their uncertainties. We implement several decision rules to simulate five different commercial strategies a company in this sector might have. Previous work done by the authors defined a design space of 33 suborbital vehicle architecture and optimized these with respect to mass and risk. We choose optimal architecture #4 with one pilot for the purpose of this paper, which is the same architecture as XCOR's Lynx. Data from studies such as those by the Tauri Group and Futron are used to model the distribution of the demand and its uncertainty. The cost model is mainly based on cost estimation relationships from Koelle. We found that there are two dominant commercial strategies: a riskier one with an aggressive fleet expansion with a large vehicle (16 participants, average expected NPV is $2.8 billion, 41 % chance of incurring losses), and a less risky one with a neutral fleet expansion and a medium vehicle (4 participants, average expected NPV is $2 billion, 33 % chance of incurring losses). We conclude that the suborbital tourism market can probably be made commercially attractive by proper management of development even in the face of significant uncertainty.


Quietness is one important aspect of vehicle performance. In recent years, not only the amount of quietness respectively loudness, but also the quality of vehicle sounds have been investigated. Different sound quality indices were developed based on auditory perception characteristics [1, 2]. In most of these studies, auditory evaluation tests were performed by presenting sounds without designated visual stimuli. However, more recent studies revealed that non-acoustical factors can affect loudness evaluations [3, 4]. In actual driving situations, when hearing the interior sound, the drivers are aware of the vehicle design and have an impression of whether they are driving, for example, a sporty or luxury model.


For the modeling of complex and nonlinear crude oil price dynamics and movement, wavelet analysis can decompose the time series and produce multiple economically meaningful decomposition structures based on different assumptions of wavelet families and decomposition scale. However, the determination of the optimal model specification will critically affect the forecasting accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new wavelet entropy based approach to identify the optimal model specification and construct the effective wavelet entropy based forecasting models. The wavelet entropy algorithm is introduced to determine the optimal wavelet families and decomposition scale, that will produce the improved forecasting performance. Empirical studies conducted in the crude oil markets show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the benchmark model, in terms of conventional performance evaluation criteria for the model forecasting accuracy.


In seven patients with Parkinson's disease with daily motor fluctuations, we found that the same subcutaneous apomorphine dose that improved motor function when given in the morning after a normal night without taking levodopa failed to turn patients "on" during afternoon and evening "off" periods, and on a different morning after receiving levodopa during the night. No significant changes in levodopa or 3-O-methyldopa plasma levels that could explain these variations were detected. These findings suggest that increased daily levodopa consumption may reduce striatal responsiveness to dopaminergic stimulation.


The purpose of this article is to provide the instructor and learner perspectives of an online learning technologies course that used Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles to support the teaching of UDL. Course design was based on current standards and literature related to online course design including ADDIE, Quality Matters Standards, and Universal Design for Learning (UDL). The qualitative study was conducted during Spring 2018 at the conclusion of an online course titled, Universal Learning for Online Course Design at a Southwestern University in the US. The instructor provided a design narrative and four graduate students who participated in the course provided learner narratives that were reviewed and analyzed by two external researchers. The findings from this study support continued improvement of course design for the next iteration of the UDL Course, as well as providing ideas for other educators interested in implementing UDL concepts in their courses.


We live in the age of blockbuster science fiction film and television. Seemingly built upon spectacular encounters crafted out of state-of-the-art CGI, science fiction is about the show-and-tell, where the wondrous and fantastic is rendered real and imaginable. One supposedly goes to see a science fiction film to revel in its world-building, to marvel at its expanded narrative, and to immerse oneself in its infinite vectors and cosmic meanderings. One, so common sense and so much of marketing has it, does not go to a science fiction film, or tune into a science fiction programme or series, to hear it, to listen to its soundings and enchantments. Avatar (Cameron, 2010) was a visual feast; its revolutionary 3D technology a breath-taking voyage into new worlds, new vistas, conjured up for seeing alone. In fact, like so much of contemporary culture it is sight, vision, seeing that seemingly holds one's attention. We live in an age of ocularcentrism. And yet, turn off the sound on your TV set as you watch Dr Who, or try to watch a science fiction film – or any film for that matter – without sound or only with poor quality sound, and hear how quickly, immediately, the image loses its power to convey meaning, to suggest depth and texture; see how instantaneously it loses its power to sweep one up and out into the cosmos, into the future, into the utopic and dystopic worlds that the genre is built upon. The image is lifeless without sound; it really is only half an image if that at all. When attending to the ear of cinema one repositions the senses and imagines a different type of film viewer:


The invention relates to a transmitter (1) for process instrumentation with a sensor (S) for detecting a physical or chemical quantity, wherein the sensor (S) to form a Wheatstone bridge-connected measuring resistors (R1 ... R4) for generating an analogue measurement signal ( having Um). To carry out a Messumformerdiagnose a center tap (X +), at least a first voltage divider of the Wheatstone bridge by a series circuit of at least a first resistor (Rb1) and a first switch (Q1) is temporarily connected to reference potential. A control and evaluation device (2) determines (Q1) is open or closed, the first switch, the respective values (p1; p2) of a digital measuring signal (p), the means of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) (from the analog measurement signal was to) won. If the deviation (Δ) of the two values (p1; p2) is outside a predetermined range of tolerance, an error of the transmitter (1), in particular the analog to digital converter (ADC) is detected and displayed. This has the advantage that no second analog-to-digital converter for monitoring the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is required for malfunction.


In 1977, friends of Claribel Alegría, the exiled Central American poet whose work Carolyn Forche had earlier begun to translate (and which is now available from the University of Pittsburgh Press under the title Flowers from the Vokano), invited Forche to El Salvador to "observe and document the worsening conditions." During extended visits there, she worked as a journalist and human rights investigator. Four years before, in midOctober 1973, James Scully arrived in Chile, via Mexico and Peru, and lived in downtown Santiago until the end of July 1974. By the time of Scully's arrival in Chile, the Pinochet-led junta had, of course, already crushed the demcoratically elected socialist government of Salvador Allende, and repression was well under way. In the streets of Santiago there was "not a soul left in sight"; "the greengrocer's on Merced/is shuttered up," and What few people are left are newspapers the wind blows over and over. ("Toque de Queda")


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: data can be protected on working server in a virtually continuous manner without need for imposing tight restrictions on source applications. The working server can create a complete backup copy of one or more volumes. Backup copies correspond to a first moment in time. The volume filter driver can track data changes using memory bit arrays, while the log file and/or update sequence number log can track the altered files. Volume updates are also complete for (later) moments in time. In the next replication cycle, for example, after every several minutes (someway adjustable parameter) the volume filter driver sends each memory bit array to a physical disk on the working server. The working server then sends updates to a backup copy server which then stores complete copies for applications for the volume for several moments in time. EFFECT: protection from data loss. 20 cl, 3 dwg


Abstract Changes in the productivity of word-formation patterns are often investigated using hapax legomena. In this paper, I argue that at least in diachronic investigations of productivity, a measure based on first attestations is a viable alternative to hapax-based measures. I show that such a measure is a more direct proxy to new words than hapax-based measures – it measures what we want to measure, which is not always true for the latter. I present a method that deals with the common problem of varying subcorpus sizes (I suggest we randomly resample the subcorpora up to a predefined size), and to the problem of old words appearing as new at the start of the corpus (I suggest we take an earlier corpus and determine a point in time when almost all old words have registered). Armed with these instruments, we can determine the ratio of new types to existing types for a time span, which can be regarded as the renewal rate of the respective category.


Soil fertility status describes soil characteristics and soil suitability with the plants to be cultivated. This study aims to identify the variable soil fertility that becomes an obstacle in several villages in the Beringin District. This research was conducted in the villages of Aras Kabu, Kelapa, and Serdang, Beringin District, Deli Serdang Regency. This research is descriptive using the survey method. Sampling of soil in the survey area was carried out sequentially with a purposive random sampling method. The results showed that the total N status in the three villages was classified as low. Where the total N value in Aras Kabu village was 0.13%, Kelapa village 0.12% and Serdang village was 0.21%. Phosphorus in the research field is classified as high. In the village of Aras, the district was 19.57 ppm, Kelapa village 19.27 ppm and Serdang village 13.19 ppm. The K 2 O value in the study area was also low, where the village of Aras Kabu was only 19.96 mg K 2 O/100 g, Kelapa village 18.56 mg K 2 O/100g and Serdang village 25.47 mg K 2 O/100g. The use of P fertilizers can be reduced as an implication of the status of P nutrients available in high land, while to increase the low levels of N and K nutrients, it can be done by providing organic matter in the form of fertilizer (compost or cage) or returning post-harvest straw to the land.


we demonstrate high-speed and bias-drift-free Mach-Zehnder modulators based on the heterogeneous silicon and lithium niobate platform and exhibit a low half-wave voltage of 3 V, and electro-optic modulation bandwidth of at least 70 GHz.


Cationic polymers condense nucleic acids into nanosized complexes (polyplexes) that are widely explored for nonviral gene delivery, but their strong electrostatic binding with DNA causes inefficient intracellular gene release and translation, and thereby unsatisfactory gene transfection efficiencies. Facilitated intracellular dissociation of polyplexes by making the polymer undergo positive-to-negative/neutral charge-reversal can effectively solve these problems, but they must be sufficiently stable during the delivery. Herein, we report the first glutathione (GSH)-specific intracellular labile polyplexes for cancer-targeted gene delivery. The polymer is made from p-(2,4-dinitrophenyloxybenzyl)-ammonium cationic moieties, whose p-2,4-dinitrophenyl ether is cleaved specifically by GSH, rather than other biological thiols, triggering the conversion of the ammonium cation to the carboxylate anion and thus the fast intracellular DNA release of the polyplexes. Furthermore, the polyplexes coated with PEG-functionalized lipids are stable in biological fluids to gain long blood circulation for tumor accumulation. Thus, the efficient tumor accumulation and cell transfection of the polyplexes loaded with tumor suicide gene TRAIL give rise to potent antitumor activity similar to the first-line chemotherapy drug paclitaxel but much less adverse effects.


An optimum fiber supply is the most important prerequisite to ensure the ongoing existence of our product paper in the international competition. There are three main criteria to be met: quality requirements, cost-competitiveness and environmental responsibilities. Only the highest possible congruence of these three criteria leads our product towards succes on the market place, both micro- and macro-economically. External measures, e.g. in the field of politics and legislation, are as important preconditions for an optimum fibre supply as resource strategies of individual companies and environmentally-friendly production processes in the total paper cycle, starting with the raw materials, followed by paper manufacturing and paper processing until finally reaching the use or consumption of paper products. Afterwards this cycle is to be closed, i.e. vitalized, by recycling, by reutilisation or by an environmentally-friendly disposal. Thus, necessary activities are required in political and legislative areas as well as in the paper industry in general and its individual companies particularly. Furthermore, national targets of activity alone do not necessarily lead to achieving the goals in an environment which features a remarkably high degree of specialization between the national economies. There is a need for supra-national, all-European strategies in the law and ordinance making bodies and individual company activities.


This article examines the case of Roma inclusion in education as a study of the ways in which international policy can and cannot bring change at the local level. I first reflect on the numerous international organizations and initiatives to improve the educational outcomes of Roma, and to reduce segregation and other non-inclusionary practices. Given these actions—and their relatively small impact—I identify both benefits and drawbacks of international efforts to achieve Roma inclusion and improve education outcomes. I conclude that international organizations provide significant inputs for Roma inclusion, but also serve as centralized distractions that foster extremely high expectations and thus great disappointment with the results. Cet article examine le cas de l'inclusion des Roms dans le systeme educatif comme moyen d'evaluer la mesure dans laquelle la politique internationale peut effectuer des changements a l'echelle locale. Ma reflexion porte d'abord sur les nombreux organismes internationaux et les multiples initiatives qui visent l'amelioration de l'education aux Roms, et la reduction de la segregation et autres pratiques non-inclusives. Compte tenu de ces demarches—et de leur impact relativement petit—j'identifie tant les bienfaits que les desavantages des efforts internationaux qui essaient d'augmenter l'inclusion des Roms et ameliorer leur education. Je conclus que les organismes internationaux contribuent de facon considerable a l'inclusion des Roms, mais qu'ils servent egalement de distractions centralisees qui favorisent des attentes extremement elevees et ainsi, une grande deception quant aux resultats.


This study shows the results of analysis to X-ray diffraction(XRD),total carbon(TC) and the total organic carbon(TOC) contents of fluvial sediment core nearly 42cm long collected from the Daning river.Three primary results are concluded:(1) The XRD results indicate that quartz and calcite are the dominant minerals in the sediment.The TC and TOC contents range from 33 to 57g/kg and from 8 to 34g/kg,respectively.(2) From 10cm deep toward the core top both TC and TOC continuously decrease and the sediment become brown color.The Three Gorge Reservoir may elevate water level and leads to dramatic increase in input of brownish low carbon content clay sediment into the Daning river.Then the sediment rate of the Daning river will be increased dramatically by this mechanism.(3) From 10 to 17 cm deep in Shuanglong profile,TOC content in the sediment dramatic increase may be resulted from intensive human activities which lead more organic matter input into the Daning river.


In this article,the calculation method for pass partition area with triangular and square layout tube bundle was introduced.At the same times,the influence of pass partition area to the required thickness of tubesheet was analyzed.It is hopeful to help engineers understand and apply the standards more correctly and to provide references in design which will be in more conform with code requirements.


Knowledge of the existence of the unusually interesting coral fauna here discussed dates from the exploration of Coyote Mountain (also known as Carrizo Mountain) by H. W. Fairbanks in the early nineties. Dr. Fairbanks sent the specimens of corals he collected to Prof. John C. Merriam, at the University of California, who in turn sent them to me. There were in the collection representatives of two species and one variety, which I described under the n·ames Favia merriami, 2 Stephanocmnia fairbanksi, 3 and Stephanocmnia fa{rbanksi var. columnaris. As the geologic horizon was not even approximately known at that time, I gave it as "doubtfully Cretaceous" in the paper cited. Late in 1903 Dr. Stephen Bowers sent to me for examination a small collection of fossils obtained by him in the Carrizo Creek area during June and July, 1901. This collection contained corals whose affinities are undoubtedly with Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Recent species of the western Atlantic region, and not with any known living Indo-Pacific fauna. The following statement was mad~ in a pa.per based on this collection.


Turkey is among the most important global tourist destinations with a significant share of tourism in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This study aims to analyse the determinants of inbound tourism demand in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. A panel data approach is used to test the relationship between inbound tourist arrivals and various economic factors. The explanatory variables include GDP, real exchange rate, purchasing power parities and population. The results revealed GDP and population as significant determinants of inbound tourism development in the region. However, the real exchange rate and purchasing power parities did not prove significant in the findings. The findings highlight the need for further studies at the regional level to test different socioeconomic and political factors involved in the development of tourism.


Object of the present invention is to provide a sufficient anti-release properties between layers, while the inorganic layer of the laminate to impart brilliance. Laminate of the present invention is a polyolefin-based resin layer sequentially, the laminate layer and the inorganic deposited layer, which is deposited layer containing the composition (P) and polypropylene (D) formed by vapor plating, the composition is deposited layer (P) is formed by isotactic polypropylene (a) 30 ~ 85 wt% and a propylene-based copolymer (B) 70 ~ 15% by weight obtained by melt-kneading, and the whole syndiotactic polypropylene (a) and / or a propylene-based copolymer (B) is partially or completely grafting monomer (C) graft-modified, and the propylene-based copolymer (B) contains units derived from propylene 45 to 89 mol% of structural units derived from at least one α- olefin selected from ethylene and α- olefin having 4 to 20 carbon atoms in the structural units of 11 to 55 mol%.


Modulating the hostile tumor microenvironment (TME) rather than directly killing cancer cells may be an effective strategy to improve the therapeutic benefits in cancer treatment. Herein, FeWOX nanosheets are constructed as cascade bioreactors to modulate the TME and enhance radiotherapy and immunotherapy of tumors. Synthesized by the thermal‐decomposition method and modified by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), the obtained FeWOX‐PEG with multivalent metal elements (Fe2+/3+, W5+/6+) exhibit efficient catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for chemo‐dynamic therapy (CDT). The generated high valence of metal ions (Fe3+/W6+) in FeWOX‐PEG are reduced by endogenous glutathione (GSH), both leading to depletion of GSH and further amplified oxidative stress, and resulting in the reduced metal valence statuses (Fe2+/W5+) enabling cascade bioreactions. Such FeWOX‐PEG bioreactors enhance the oxidative stress in the tumor and interact with X‐rays, significantly improving cancer radiotherapy (RT). Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced inflammation caused by FeWOX‐PEG in TME activates the immune system and promotes the tumor‐infiltration of various types of immune cells, which working together with cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) checkpoint blockade could elicits a robust immune response to defeat tumors.


Shoot tips of in vitro germinated naranjilla (Solanum quitoense var. quitoense) plants were cryopreserved by vitrification. Shoot tips (1-3 mm) of five week-old plants were pre-cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium with increasing sucrose concentrations (0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 M) for 7 days under a 16-h photoperiod and maintained at 23 ± 2°C. Then, shoot tips were treated with a loading solution 2 M glycerol + 0.4 M sucrose, at 26°C for 25 min in a 2 mL cryo-tube; and cryoprotected with 1 mL of pre-cooled PVS 2 solution at 4°C for 60 min. Finally, shoot tips were immersed into liquid nitrogen and kept there for 10 days. Post-warming culture of these shoot tips was carried out on a basal MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mgL 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.05 mgL indole-3butyric acid (IBA) and 0.1 mgL gibberellic acid (GA3). The optimized protocol for S. quitoense shoot tips preservation consisted of pretreatment with MS + 0.5 M sucrose, followed by a treatment with loading solution for 25 min at room temperature, PVS 2 at 4°C for 60 min and immersion in liquid nitrogen. Cryopreserved shoot tips started growing 15 days after re-warming. Shoot tips recovery was 70 to 95% with the above described protocol. Plantlets with a normal phenotype after 21 days of culture were acclimatized for 4 weeks in controlled conditions before they were finally transferred to the greenhouse. This is the first report of an effective protocol for the cryopreservation of S. quitoense shoot tips by vitrification. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


In this study, we introduce light-actuated electrothermal (ET) flow as a means for fluid mixing in lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems. The study begins with physically understanding the light-induced heating of an electrode surface involved in the generation of the ET flow. Four electrodes are chosen arbitrarily, and the change in the light-actuated ET flow velocity over each of the electrodes is measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV). The selected electrodes contain the following: silver (Ag), gold (Au), aluminum (Al), and indium tin oxide (ITO). The PIV data are analyzed based on the Beer–Lambert law and the thermal properties of the electrodes. The analysis confirms that the light-induced heating occurs effectively on electrode materials with a high optical absorption rate and low thermal conductivity. The use of the PIV is extended to investigate the dependence of light-actuated ET flows on electrical and thermal parameters. The increase in the electric potential and light intensity causes a parabolic and linear change in the ET velocity, respectively. At AC frequencies below the charge relaxation frequency of the fluid used, the ET velocity exhibits a plateau except for the frequency region where electroosmosis occurs. Based on the understanding of the flow characteristics, the mixing of two aqueous solutions by the light-actuated ET flow is attempted. This demonstrates that the ET flow generated in the form of a toroidal vortex can significantly improve the mixing length and mixing efficiency of two different fluids in a microchannel.


the external audience. Poetic kleos, which O. convincingly argues (against Nagy et al.) is simply a sophisticated end-product of the popular, local dissemination of news which 'binds this world together' (16), attempts to restore to hearers living in an incoherent and unsatisfying present (the 'human condition') an ideal past which, by implication, can be projected into the future. This state of incoherence and uncertainty about the outcome of events, which represents the normal situation of characters in the poem, is related by O. to the element of indeterminacy inherent in the choice of story patterns (e.g. will Odysseus become an Agamemnon or an Orestes? Will Athene prove a steadfast helper?) by which the poet generates tension in his story and so in his audience. O. concludes by suggesting that the pressure of creating a story which restores a ' lost and allegedly ideal order' (x), causes the poet to gloss over problems and discordant elements in the 'Return of the Father' theme which might imply a less satisfactory, more questioning conclusion. O. allows this interesting and inherently plausible theme to emerge largely by implication in the course often detailed and often dense chapters which deal with traditional Odyssean literary and historical questions such as the (non)development of the character of Telemakhos, the simultaneous/consecutive chronology of the Odyssey, or the choice of narrative strategies in the story of the Return. In his detailed treatment of these and other individual topics O. is at his best, backing up argument leading to judicious conclusions with very full reference to current debate; particularly good is his lucid analysis (one is tempted to say 'solution') of notorious problems of interpretation, e.g. Athene's advice to Telemakhos concerning his mother's remarriage in Book 1 (where Page et al. are put firmly in their place: 71-6) and his analysis of the relationship between Homeric social institutions and the society in which the poems were performed (199-204), where, in the course of a critique of I. Morris, O. makes an important distinction between believability of social detail and fidelity to an audience's own immediate experience (200 n. 52). Yet, despite such valuable discussions, one is left at the end with the feeling that the book is less than the sum of its parts. Many of the chapters read like self-contained journal articles (and there are some signs in the Bibliography that this is where they began). O. seems to find the detailed problems so inherently fascinating as to be in danger of losing sight of the larger theme, which is often confined to a brief mention at the end of a chapter. For example, it is hard to see that a complex twenty-five page discussion of chronology is needed to produce the conclusion that 'Telemachos returns to Ithaka as quickly as he can and should' and that his character and situation have not changed since the poem began (119). Another, perhaps more fundamental point relates to the link between treatment of poetic themes and external audience, where O. surely exaggerates the degree to which his audience would wholly share the Odyssey characters' uncertainty concerning outcomes. Would a Homeric audience really have started the poem in any doubt about Odysseus' ultimate victory over the suitors? (31), or have heard the Book 1 Olympian colloquy and not believe in Athene's total support for him? The suspense the poet was aiming at was surely, as with tragedy, within a mythical and heroic tradition where from the start basic outcomes were fixed and popularly known; the tension and uncertainty comes from the poetic and dramatic treatment of the tradition and the 'willing suspension of disbelief on the part of the audience rather than from a genuine feeling of indeterminacy. O. claims to be writing for two audiences, one impatient to solve specific traditional Odyssey questions and the other 'more deliberate and contemplative' (ix) to detect the larger themes. The former will be more than satisfied; I am less certain about the latter.


Summary The protective capacity of the crude extracts from larval and nymphal stages of Hyalomma anato/icum anato/icum was examined in the New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups of five animals. The rabbits in groups 1 and 2 were immunized with crude extracts of larval and nymphal antigens, respectively and group 3 was served as control. Following challenge of each rabbit with 2000 larvae of H. a. anato/icum, engorged nymphs were collected, weighed and then cultured in an incubator. A significant decrease in weight of engorged nymphs was only observed in group 1 that immunized with crude extracts of tick's larvae (P<0.05). Polypeptide profile of the larval and nymphal extracts was analysed by SDS-PAGE, and antigenic pattern with serum of immunized rabbits was evaluated by Dot and Western blot test. The molecular weight of the fraction of larval extract after SDS-PAGE showed six polypeptide bands as follows: 97, 84, 66, 55, 45 and 36 kDa, and in nymphal extract 13 polypeptide bands of205, 116,97,84,66,55,45,36,29,24 and 20 kDa and two bands between 116 and 205 kDa were found. In Western blotting, positive reaction was only observed with sera of group 1 in the bands with 97, 84 and 66 kDa. It seems that the larval extract of H. a. anato/icumcan be used as a source of biological material for isolation of protective antigen.


This article begins by considering what the moratorium on genetic information and insurance does and how it fits with UK insurance law. I will explain how the moratorium waives the application of the much harsher ordinary insurance law on the disclosure of information to insurers. The second section examines the view that the UK's moratorium is a credible and flexible solution to the problems of the insurance use of genetic information. I will argue that to assess credibility we need to consider two issues—industry compliance and individual enforcement mechanisms. I will argue that while there is currently a high compliance rate, this is predicated on the science remaining static. We have no good reason to assume that this will remain the case. Further, I will show that an individual has no meaningful way to enforce their position under the moratorium and thus it lacks a necessary feature of a credible solution.
When considering the flexibility of the moratorium I will argue that the requirement for regular renegotiation offers only a technical flexibility, which is disadvantageous to an increasingly large minority of the population. In short, I argue that the moratorium is insufficiently credible or flexible to amount to an appropriate regulatory response to the problems of the insurance use of predictive genetic test information. The final section places the moratorium in the context of insurance law reform in the UK, and considers what the current approach to insurance law reform may mean for the future of the moratorium. I argue that the preference for self-regulation has left the UK with an outdated insurance law which is extremely harsh towards consumers. However, with the Law Commission's recent success in getting the Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act 2012 onto the statute book, it is at least possible that bigger changes are on the horizon that might bode well for a new approach to insurance and predictive genetic information.


The activities of the enzymes tyrosinase and thrombin are probed by the association of the ferrocene boronic acid label to the enzyme-generated catechol ligand, and by the cleavage of the ligand-redox complex tethered to a peptide, respectively.


Objective To understand and analyze the epidemic characteristics and tendency of malaria, and to provide scientific basis for malaria control and prevention. Methods Materials of malaria from 2009 to 2011 were collected and arranged. Epidemic characteristics were analyzed. Results 211 malaria cases were reported in Hefei from 2009-2011. 72 malaria cases were infected in local, and the incidence peak of malaria was concentrated from June to September; the incidence in Changfeng county was highest, 21 cases, accounting for 29.2%; patients in all groups were found, mainly with farmers and unemployed.139 cases were imported malaria cases, and the incidence peak of imported malaria was concentrated in January; the number of imported malaria in Feidong county was most, accounting for 55.4%; maily cases were youth, middle-aged, manhood, the overseas workers were more, topped infection site was Angola in Africa, 70 cases, accounting for 50.4%. Conclusion Local malaria infection decreases significantly from 2009-2011 in our city, but the imported malaria further increases. Malaria prevention and control situation were still grim in our city; corresponding measures of prevention should be taken in order to realize the goal of malaria elimination.


1 We have investigated the effects of salmeterol (0.3–50 μ) on several pro‐inflammatory activities of human neutrophils in vitro. 2 Oxidant production by FMLP‐ and calcium ionophore (A23187)‐activated neutrophils was particularly sensitive to inhibition by low concentrations (0.3‐3 μ) of salmeterol, while the responses of phorbol myristate acetate‐ and opsonised zymosan‐stimulated cells were affected only by higher concentrations (3–50 μ) of the drug. At these concentrations salmeterol is not cytotoxic, nor does it act as a scavenger of superoxide. 3 These anti‐oxidative interactions of salmeterol with neutrophils were insensitive to propranolol but could be eliminated by washing the cells, or by pretreatment with low concentrations (1–2 μ) of the pro‐oxidative, membrane‐destabilizing phospholipids, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), platelet activating factor (PAF) and lysoPAF (LPAF). 4 At concentrations of 6.25–50 μ salmeterol interfered with several other activities of stimulated neutrophils, including intracellular calcium fluxes, phospholipase A2 activity and synthesis of PAF. 5 In an assay of membrane‐stabilizing activity, salmeterol (25 and 50 μ) neutralized the haemolytic action of LPC, PAF and LPAF. 6 Of the other commonly used β2‐adrenoceptor agonists, fenoterol, and formoterol, but not salbutamol, caused moderate inhibition of neutrophil oxidant generation by a superoxide‐scavenging mechanism. However, unlike salmeterol, these agents possessed only weak membrane stabilizing properties. 7 We conclude that salmeterol antagonizes the pro‐inflammatory, pro‐oxidative activity of several bioactive lipids implicated in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, by a mechanism related to the membrane‐stabilizing, rather than to the β2‐agonist properties of this agent.


Recruitment and selection is one of a most prominent and primary function of all sorts of organizations regardless of public or private sector. The vitality of this function has been known by the factor that this function decides about the success and failure of an organization. Historically this function had been executed through a traditionally adopted mechanism which in somehow is still continue even in the era of information technology. The basic objective of this review study is to analyze the earlier literature that has been generated by the different researchers in the field of recruitment and selection by keeping in view a specific focus on the use of information technology. Another rational of this study is to understand how far these studies have addressed digitalization of the recruitment and selection to align it with the needs of modern trend where the issue of digital immigrants and natives has adopted a serious debate. A rigorous approach has been adopted to scrutinize the existing literature keeping in view its relatedness and importance to conduct a thoughtful analysis with a detailed logical discussion. This study has elucidated the various scenarios in the light of existing strength of related literature. It has been concluded that research in the field of electronic or digital recruitment & selection is at infancy level. There is a vital need of conducting further review © Nabi, Ghous & Rahimiaghdam Licensed under Creative Common Page 348 studies to enhance the depth level of understanding the impact of information technological tools on the effective selection by comparing it with the scenario of traditional recruitment and selection.


Evaporative cooling technology of the generator takes advantage of phase change heat transfer of coolant to take away large quantity of heat, so in the evaporative cooling system the choice of coolant is very important. The Evaporative Cooling technology has experienced three stages of principle innovation, which is related with the coolant. Two kinds of the coolant were used in the experiment to study the effect of the coolant on the evaporative cooling system. All kinds of experimental conditions were achieved by changing the current at the both ends of the hollow conductor or the volume flow of the water. The comparison of the temperature distribution along the hollow conductor and the relationship between the time and the gauge pressure of the condenser on the condition of the water cut off were finished, in addition a series of analysis were done by the relevant theory.


Industries are nowadays not only expected to produce goods and provide services, but also to do this sustainably. What qualifies a company as sustainable implies that its activities must be defined according to the social and ecological responsibilities that are meant to protect the society and the environment in which they operate. From now on, it will be necessary to consider and measure the impact of industrial activities on the environment, and to do so, one key parameter is the carbon footprint. This paper demonstrates the utility of the LCI as a tool for immediate application in industries. Its application shall facilitate decision making in industries while choosing amongst different scenarios to industrialize a certain product with the lowest environmental impact possible. To achieve this, the carbon footprint of a given product was calculated by applying the LCI method to several scenarios that differed from each other only in the supply-chain model. As a result of this LCI calculation, the impact of the globalization of a good's production was quantified not only financially, but also environmentally. Finally, it was concluded that the LCI/LCA methodology can be considered as a fundamental factor in the new decision-making strategy that sustainable companies must implement while deciding on the business and industrial plan for their new products and services.


Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for lobar pneumoniae, liver abscess, and septicemia. Clinical isolates are found to be extended spectrum beta lactamase positive with differential expression of the two classical porins, OmpK35 and OmpK36. Porin loss is associated with increased minimum inhibitory concentrations of beta lactam, cephalosporin, and carbapenem antibiotics that target the peptidoglycan. However, little is known about how porin loss affects other aspects of the cell envelope. The focus of this study was to characterize clinical isolates exhibiting differential porin expression and determine if the cumulative changes altered the resistance to phagocytosis by macrophages. The results support the hypothesis that porin loss significantly impacts the overall cell envelope composition, which in turn alters interactions with macrophages.


Objective To estimate the relation of precisely measured regional body composition with peripheral and central arterial stiffness in the elderly. Methods We investigated 648 participants (mean age 69.0 ± 6.0 years) of the Hoorn Study, a population-based cohort study. Trunk fat, leg fat, trunk lean and leg lean mass were distinguished by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We used ultrasound to measure the distensibility and compliance of the carotid, femoral and brachial arteries, and carotid Young's elastic modulus, as estimates of peripheral stiffness. As estimates of central stiffness we measured carotid–femoral transit time, aortic augmentation index and systemic arterial compliance. Results After adjustment for sex, age, height, mean arterial pressure, leg lean and leg fat mass, a larger trunk fat mass was consistently associated with higher peripheral arterial stiffness (standardized beta (β) of mean Z-scores of all three large arteries −0.24, P < 0.001). In contrast, larger leg fat mass (β = 0.15, P = 0.009) and leg lean mass (β = 0.09, P = 0.20) were associated with lower peripheral arterial stiffness. Trunk or leg fat mass were not associated with central arterial stiffness. Leg lean mass, however, was consistently associated with lower central arterial stiffness (β = 0.29, P < 0.001). Conclusions Trunk fat mass may have adverse effects on peripheral, but not on central arterial stiffness, while leg fat was not harmful and may have a slight protective effect. Larger leg lean mass was the most important determinant of lower central arterial stiffness. These results provide a pathophysiological framework to explain not only the higher cardiovascular risk in individuals with larger trunk fat mass, but also the reduced cardiovascular risk in individuals with larger leg lean and fat mass.


Article is devoted to consideration of philosophical approaches to definition of the concepts "self-realization", "personality", "personal identity". It is reasoned it is shown that self-realization in information society promotes maintenance of personal stability, acts as process of implementation of egoism of the person and serves as the base on which aspects of complete interaction of the person with the world and successful interpersonal communication are built. The conclusion about relevance of a problem of self-realization for philosophical judgment is drawn.


At 2000,the first cooperation between China and England of Self-educated examination system was established by offering examination at business administration and financial administration."Accounting" was one of basal courses required.Due to the teaching materials adopting English edition translated and the final examination were taken by Cambridge(England),this course was varied special with contents,structures,models of examination,and analysis of cases.My article wants to make some useful exploration about characteristics and teaching methods of this course.


In this study, we took into consideration the definition of the spoilage agent of Robiola di Roccaverano cheese, responsible for the presence of a tick pellicle on the surface of the cheese. After microbiological analysis, a high number of yeasts were determined, and at least 4 different types were observed on the plates. After molecular identification, two of them were defined to belong to Yarrowia lipolytica and Kluyveromyces lactis, frequently isolated from cheeses, while the third type was Pichia fermentans, less common in these products. The last yeast-type was Geotrichum sp. In bacteriology tubes, it was able to produce thick and hard biofilms and considering its high presence, after DGGE analysis of the DNA extracted directly from the pellicle, we can suppose that this yeast is the spoilage agent responsible for the alteration considered in this study.


The following talk was delivered as a sermon at a Unitarian church on August 23, 1992. The talk was prefaced by readings from C.I. Lewis and William Blake which someone—perhaps Hartshorne—photocopied from the opening pages of his book Man's Vision of God and the Logic of Theism (1941). There were, in addition, a meditation written by Hartshorne, borrowing phrasing from Harry Emerson Fosdick and Matthew Arnold, and a quote from William James. All of this material is reprinted below, preceding Hartshorne's talk. (Donald Wayne Viney, editor)


Abstract Since 2006 and the implementation of environmental regulations, the electronic industry has moved to Pb-free solders. Harsh environment industries that were exempted from the regulations will soon have to follow suit. However, a suitable replacement solder for use in harsh environments still has to be validated and reliability models are yet to be established. In this review, research that led to the selection of currently used Pb-free alloys and the continuing search for high reliability alloys are described. Sn pest and Sn whiskers, potential major threats for electronics operating in harsh environments, are highlighted. This review also focuses on the microstructure, mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of Pb-free alloys. Emphasis is placed on Sn–Ag–Cu alloys, now considered to be the alloys of choice for replacement of Sn–Pb solders. The reliability of Pb-free electronic assemblies is studied, focusing on thermal fatigue, believed to be the main source of failure through creep–fatigue mechanisms. The validity of models for Pb-free solder joints life time prediction is assessed and the lack of cohesiveness among the available reliability data is examined.


We report on the measurement of switchable pulse polarization of micron and submicron ferroelectric capacitors contacted using an atomic force microscope. Fast square pulses with rise time on the order of tens of nanoseconds are used to obtain the switchable polarization (ΔP) of discrete polycrystalline Pb(ZrTi)O3 capacitors of 21.5, 0.69, and 0.19 μm2 prepared by sputtering and reactive ion etching. Our studies show that the switching characteristics of these capacitors are well behaved, indicating that high-speed and high-density ferroelectric memory capacitors are not limited by scaling down the capacitor area.


We consider the efficiency of chemical energy extraction from the environment by the growth of a copolymer made of two constituent units in the entropy-driven regime. We show that the thermodynamic nonlinearity associated with the information processing aspect is responsible for a branching of the system properties such as power, speed of growth, entropy production, and efficiency, with varying affinity. The standard linear thermodynamics argument which predicts an efficiency of 1/2 at maximum power is inappropriate because the regime of maximum power is located either outside of the linear regime or on a separate bifurcated branch, and because the usual thermodynamic force is not the natural variable for this optimization.


The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of rape in Puntland. Quantitative and qualitative research designs were both used in this study. The study was guided by three objectives, which included a) to explore the major causes of rape in Puntland, b) to assess the effect of rape on victims


The article aims to improve students' English ability and develop character values in MAN Rejang Lebong. The subject of Community Service was 40 (fourty) students from low economic category that studied in MAN Rejang Lebong. The result showed that the service activities have been carried out well and smoothly without any obstacles; this community service showed improvement in students' English ability. It can be seen in the result of pre-test and post-test (65 and 79). Then, this community service is also can develop students' character such as active, independent, brave, responsibility, discussion, polite in the classroom. Students are very enthusiastic in receiving the learning material that has been delivered by the servant; and school  plays an active role in supporting the implementation of this community service.


An experimental study of controlling the flow over highly slender body with a diamond shape cross section at high angles of attack was conducted. Small flow deflectors on the leeward side were found to be highly effective in controlling the vortices. Controlled forces and moments were produced with small deflectors. The fluid mechanism of the control method was revealed by flow visualization and forces and moment measurements.


Consistent with the career development issues that black* people encounter, it is likely that black human resource developers face unique career development issues versus human resource developers in general. However, an exhaustive search did not find research that has focused specifically on the career development process of black human resource development professionals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the career experiences of black human resource developers. A qualitative study was conducted of 10 black human resource developers. Interviewing was the primary data collection method and the data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. The results of this study indicate that the respondents experienced similar career challenges to other black workers. Based on the results, we posit that because of racial prejudice and discrimination, black human resource developers serve as outsiders within traditional work organizations and become skilled at using bicultural strategies for managing various aspects of their lives.


Transfusions are a cause of significant patient morbidity as well as expense. Anesthesia literature has examined controlled intraoperative hypotension as a means for reducing blood loss and transfusions. Our hypothesis is that inversely increased blood pressure post-operatively would then lead to increased blood loss and transfusions. We examined 105 consecutive patients who underwent TKA. We found a significant odds ratio of 1.123 for pre-operative hematocrit. For post-operative blood pressure, we calculated an insignificant odds ratio of 1.007, proving no relationship between post-operative blood pressure and transfusions. This is the first study to examine increased post-operative blood pressure's contribution to transfusion rates. Although we confirmed that low pre-operative hematocrit contributes to increased transfusions, we did not find a relationship between post-operative blood pressure and transfusions.