The orthopedic manifestations of hypophosphatemic rickets are short stature in childhood and osteomalacia in adulthood, coxa vara with anterior and lateral bowing of the femurs, genu valgum or varum, and tibial torsion. Medical treatment is based on high doses of vitamin D3 and phosphate. Appropriate treatment does not always prevent skeletal deformation, hence the necessity of surgical orthopedic treatment. Surgical treatment may be problematic, however, due to disturbed bone metabolism that could cause delayed union or even non-union at the osteotomy site [1]. We present our experience with elongation in two siblings, with a relatively longterm follow-up. The history of five affected family members revealed mostly favorable results: four required corrective osteotomies, and the outcome was poor in one. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous report on bone elongation for short stature in hypophosphatemic rickets.


This paper presents a fault-tolerant investigation of symmetrical multi-phase induction machines (five-phase, sixphase, seven-phase and nine-phase) in terms of minimum loss and maximum torque with single isolated neutral point under open-circuit fault at one of the phases. Minimum reconfiguration of the controller attainable for the post-fault control by using normal decoupling transformation. The postfault performance is carried out based on derating factor, minimum stator copper loss and minimum peak current. The simulation results confirm the validity of the theoretical postfault current limits for symmetrical multi-phase induction machines under one open-phase fault.


While Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) membranes are currently prepared by film casting, this paper demonstrates the feasibility of extrusion, a solvent-free alternative process. Thanks to water-soluble process-aid plasticizers, duly selected, it was possible to extrude acidic and alkaline polysulfone ionomers. Additionally, the feasibility to extrude composites was demonstrated. The impact of the plasticizers on the melt viscosity was investigated. Following the extrusion, the plasticizers were fully removed in water. The extrusion was found to impact neither on the ionomer chains, nor on the performances of the membrane. This environmentally friendly process was successfully validated for a variety of high performance ionomers.


There are not many cause for Children patients who are diagnosed with "Obstructive Sleep Disturbance Breathing", it is not much causes of this syndrome as in adults. The major cause is enlarged tonsils and enlarged adenoids. So these children patient undergo tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Usually, the symptoms are alleviated. This is true for most child patient. However, these is a minority that still suffer from sgmptoms even after surgery. This is due to other factors such as abnormal tone of pharyngeal muscles, abnormal nervous innervations, deformities of cephalic structure, enlargement of oro-pharyngeal organ and some genetic diseases which influence the syndromes. This study is on the child patients whose diagnoses are Obstructive Sleep Disturbance Breathing Disorder. All participants are patients of in Ayutthaya Hospital and have received a operation Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy from the doctors who work in the Otolaryngology-Department. The Questionnaire OSA-18 was used in this study to evaluate the difference of the Likert-Type Scales scores on pre and post operation. The content of OSA-18 is health-related QOLs such as the sleep disturbance, Physical disorders, Emotional Disorder, Daytime, Behavior disorder, and Caregiver concern. The results of this study show the difference of health-related QOL-scores between pre and post operation, and show improvement of QOL (pre-score is more than post-score). This data suggests that Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy are still the gold standard treatment in treating child patients who suffer from obstructive sleep disturbance breathing. Also OSA=18 questionnaire still useful in this study because of the low cost, speed and reliability


The recent development of mobile phones and 3G networks enable users to enjoy video programs by subscribing to data plans. Due to phone to phone communication technologies and ubiquity of mobile phones, data-plan subscribers are able to redistribute the video content to non-subscribers. Such a redistribution mechanism is a potential competitor for the service provider and is very difficult to trace given the user's high mobility. Real time video communication is very important to the internet applications of video conferencing, video telephony and etc. This paper presents a novel video transmission control algorithm and the KALMAN filter theory, this algorithm can guarantee satisfied performance for video transmission in networks of high packet loss rates. We analyze the optimal price setting for the service provider by investigate the equilibrium between the subscribers and the secondary buyers.


Open Source Software (OSS) is updated regularly to meet the requirements posed by the customers. The source code of OSS undergoes frequent change to diffuse new features and update existing features in the system, providing a user friendly interface. The source code changes for fixing bugs and meeting user end requirements again affects the complexity of the code change and creates bugs in the software which are accountable to the next release of software. In this paper, the complexity of code changes in various Bugzilla open source software releases, from version 2.0 on 19 Sep, 1998, to 5.0.1 on 10 Sep, 2015, bugs in each software version release, and the time of release of each software version are considered, and the data used to predict the next release time. The Shannon entropy measure is used to quantify the code change process in terms of entropy for each software release. Observed code changes are utilized to quantify them into entropy units and are further used to predict the next release time. A neural network-based regression model is used to predict the next release time. The performance is compared with the R measure calculated using the multi linear regression model, and a goodness of fit curve is produced.


Background: Preclinical and histological data show overexpression of the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) in prostate carcinoma (PCa). In a prospective study, the feasibility of 18 F-MK-9470 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in patients with primary and metastatic PCa was evaluated. Methods: Eight patients were included and underwent 18 F-MK-9470 PET/CT imaging. For five patients with primary PCa, dynamic PET/CT imaging was performed over three acquisition intervals (0 to 30, 60 to 90 and 120 to 150 min post-injection). In malignant and benign prostate tissue regions, time activity curves of the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) were determined as well as the corresponding area under the curve to compare 18 F-MK-9470 uptake over time. Muscle uptake of 18 F-MK-9470 was used as reference for non-specific binding. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used as anatomical reference and for delineating intraprostatic tumours. Histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) examination was performed on the whole-mount histopathology sections of four patients who underwent radical prostatectomy to assess the MRI-based tumour versus benign tissue classification. For three patients with proven advanced metastatic disease, two static PET/CTs were performed 1 and 3 h post-injection. 18 F-MK-9470 uptake was evaluated in bone lesions of metastatic PCa by comparing SUVmean values of metastases with these of the contralateral bone tissue. Results: 18 F-MK-9470 uptake was significantly higher in benign and malignant prostate tissue compared to muscle,


Abstract : The financial aspects of the Military Airlift Command are managed through the Airlift Service Industrial Fund. The system recoups all allowable costs of MAC from the Airlift user via a tariff to maintain a cost/revenue break-even. This analysis has been concerned with the cost the user has to absorb. When airlift demands generate less revenue than required to offset the cost of MAC's minimum flying training program, the tariff is increased. The purpose of this analysis was to determine to what extent the user should pay those costs and to suggest an alternate method that would more equitably distribute the costs.


Objective: It has been assumed that a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients show evidence of hyperinflammation of which secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is the most severe manifestation. To facilitate diagnosis of sHLH the HScore has been developed and validated. We set out to examine the prevalence of sHLH-like hyperinflammation in COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively examined HScore parameters in 626 COVID-19 cases admitted to our institute of which 567 were suitable for analysis and compared these to a cohort of confirmed infection associated sHLH cases. To account for missing data, we calculated the maximum possible HScore of the recorded parameters (%HScore). Results: Early measurement of HScore parameters (day -1 to 4 from diagnosis) strongly predicted the %HScore over the course of the admission (p <0.0001). The retrospective cohort of sHLH showed significantly higher %HScores as compared to COVID-19 (median 73.47 vs 18.13 respectively, p <0.0001). The overall prevalence of individuals with an 80% probability of sHLH in our COVID-19 cohort was 1.59% on admission and only rose to 4.05% during the whole disease course. In the small cohort with scores suggestive of sHLH, there was no excess mortality compared with the whole cohort. %HScores were higher in younger patients (p<0.0001) and did not reliably predict outcome at any cut-off value (AUROC 0.533, p=0.211; OR 0.99). Conclusion: Surprisingly, these findings show that sHLH-type hyperinflammation is not prevalent in COVID-19, and %HScores do not predict outcome. Therefore, new algorithms are required to optimise case selection for clinical trials of targeted anti-inflammatory interventions.


1. A Thirst for God or Consumer Spirituality?. Cultivating Disciplined Practices of Being Engaged by God: L. Gregory Jones (Loyola College, Maryland). 2. Interiority and Epiphany: A Reading in New Testament Ethics: Rowan Williams (Bishop of Monmouth, Wales). 3. Mystical Theology Redux: The Pattern of Aquinasa Summa Theologiae: A. N. Williams (University of Puget Sound). 4. Julian of Norwich -- Incorporated: F. C. Bauerschmidt (Loyola College, Maryland). 5. A Christian, Holy People: Martin Luther on Salvation, Faith and Church: David S. Yeago (Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary). 6. The Church In The State Wea re In: Nicholas Lash (University of Cambridge). 7. Wrestling with a Wounding Word: Reading the Disjointed Lines of African American Spirituality: Willie James Jennings (Duke University).


This paper addresses a timely topic, which is designing and enhancing the performance of daylighting systems in buildings early in the design phase. Currently in academia, the design of daylighting systems lacks the emphasis, rigor, and time normally given to electric lighting systems. However, only in a few higher education institutions, more attention is being gradually given to the study of daylighting systems. Undoubtedly, the substantial environmental and economic benefits of daylighting make its study a must to include in both architecture and architectural engineering curricula. In this paper, the author shares his experience teaching undergraduate students the principles of the design of daylighting systems; implementing laboratory-oriented studies as the educational tool. The paper starts with a brief survey of the existing design-assisting tools, discusses three advanced design methodologies, which are computer programs, outdoor model testing, and indoor model testing, and then concludes with a discussion of the implementation of laboratory-oriented design in undergraduate education.


The new European Union (EU) chemicals regulation, the Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals, or REACH, went into effect in 2007. In the extensive advance discussion of the expected impacts of REACH, questions were raised about the effects of this new chemical policy on developing countries. In particular, will it harm the economies of the group of African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries that historically have been connected to Europe? We found, in brief, that there are only limited, isolated cases where REACH could be problematical for ACP exporters. Almost all ACP exports subject to REACH face insignificant obstacles from the new regulation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


T he present issue of MUSEUM International is mainly intended to review the objectives, phases and components in the planning of the Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration due to open in Paris in June 2007. Secondly, it fits the French project in an international context by comparing it with a selection of articles that present the work of immigration and emigration museums around the world. In both cases, we will explore and probe the historical legacy left by migrants, the subject in this issue of our Journal.


In this paper, the enveloping method is used to evaluate an interval extension of system model when the output error is unknown but bounded. The envelope is determined using neural networks such that it contains the true system model. To this extend the pattern learning scheme is used to update neural networks for sigmoidal transfer functions is both hidden and output layers.


Comprehensive English,the basic course of English majors involving skills of listening,speaking,reading,writing and translation makes great difference to students′ academic levels.A survey of the English majors in some colleges reveals that junior students are comparatively poor in English study,with little interest or incentive in English learning.This paper intends to suggest applying modern teaching theories and conceptions to English classroom teaching,elaborating on setting principles and strategies of English classroom questioning so as to better classroom teaching.


This research aims to investigate the unique aspects of hadith translations in Türkiye. Hadiths, which are the sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad, hold a significant role in Islamic teachings and provide guidance for understanding the Quran. Türkiye has a strong tradition of hadith scholarship, with notable individuals producing original texts, translations, compilations, simplifications, and annotated editions. This study aims to analyze the discourses of translatorial agents of the hadith field to comprehend preliminary principles and methods translators use when dealing with the complexities and challenges of translating hadiths. It also examines the consideration of authorship for compilers versus translators in the case of hadith translations where there is no written genuine original text or identifiable author. By utilizing Critical Discourse Analysis as a theoretical framework, this research analyzes the perspectives of selected hadith translators and explores the intricate nature of translatorial identity within various hadith contexts. Through shedding light on translators' strategies, challenges, and roles in hadith translations, this research aims to deepen our understanding of the dynamics involved in the process of hadith translations. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into translation practices, thus making a significant contribution to both Islamic studies and translation studies.


Young people with life-limiting conditions (LLCs) and life-threatening conditions (LTCs), diagnosed in childhood and presenting with palliative and complex healthcare needs, often have diagnoses congenital in aetiology and with complex multi-system and neurological manifestation. Their care needs, both medically and socially, are largely unfamiliar to adult palliative care services, traditionally concerned with the care of an older population and often providing services for end of life and cancer. It is known that young people with LLCs and LTCs are now often living considerably longer and this is observed across a range of conditions. The National Council for Palliative Care defines palliative care as: the active holistic care of patients with advanced progressive illness. Management of pain and other symptoms and provision of psychological, social and spiritual support is paramount. The goal of palliative care is achievement of the best quality of life for patients and their families.


Urban morphology and spatial structure have a mutual dependence upon each other while the variation of morphology reflects the development of space construction.By means of Xiamen's city map,city planning drawings,city entities,local chronicles,modern historiography and other literatures,this paper makes an analysis of the six stages concerning urban Xiamen's spatial development,city development situation,planning and construction situation,spatial morphological characteristics and evolution process,in order to explore its future urban space.


Crystal growth is a frequent cause of expansive deformations in natural soils, compacted soils, rocks and concrete. The sulphate crystallization in discontinuities and cracks due to evaporation of highly mineralized solutions can contribute in an important way to displacements and swelling pressures that usually appear in tunnels and deep foundations in argillaceous rocks. The present work is aimed to study the basic mechanisms that control the hydrated sulphate mineral growth in anhydritic-gypsiferous argillaceous rocks due to the evaporation of groundwater. The paper presents some laboratory works including
mineralogical and micro-structural analysis, as well as the design and development of new free swelling tests which were developed focusing on the capacity to discern the role carried out by the geochemical properties of the water, the main environmental variables and the degree of cracking on undisturbed sulphate argillaceous samples from different zones of the Lower Ebro Basin (Catalonia, Spain).


211Background: Cisplatin is administered in combination with massive and long term hydration to avoid renal toxicity. Although a short hydration protocol for cisplatin has been recently developed in lung cancer, which in gastric cancer has not been well clarified. We modified our XPT (capecitabine / cisplatin / trastuzumab) regimen, adopting short hydration method. This study was conducted to compare the preventive effect for renal toxicity of XPT therapy between the short hydration regimen and the conventional regimen. Methods: Medical records of patients with gastric cancer who received XPT therapy containing cisplatin at a dose of ≥ 80 mg/m2 were reviewed for 3 cycles of the observational period. Patients received either the short hydration regimen or the conventional regimen; short hydration regimen consisted of 2200 - 2500 mL of hydration over a period of 6.2 hours with furosemide and magnesium supplementation on day 1 and 1050 mL of hydration over 4 hours on day2 and 3, and the conventional regimen ...


We generalize Yang's theory from the U(1) gauge field to the non-Abelian U(1)xSU(2)(spin) gauge field. Based on this generalization and taking into account the geometric Pancharatnam phase as well as an effective Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phase in nonadiabatic noncyclic transport, we calculate the ensemble average Fourier spectrum of the conductance in disordered mesoscopic rings connected to two leads. Our theory can explain the experimental results reported by Morpurgo et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1050 (1998)] more satisfactorily. We indicate that the observed splitting stems from the nonadiabatic noncyclic Pancharatnam phase and the effective AB phase, both being dependent on spin-orbit coupling.


The method Histogram equalization is common in image enhancement. Using histogram to contrast the entire image and reduce noise .but we are using histogram equalization method remove the noise on entire image. But in some applications this is not suitable. Using contrast method we perform on small regions where our needed. The clip and block side method we will enhance the image. The contrast should be enhanced in this paper. Here we are used algorithm based on algorithm we should find the quality of the vessel bonding


The transformation of the mode of Chinese sports development should be associated with Chinese market economy and serve for the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.The paper,from a theoretic perspective,attempts to deconstruct the two false concepts:"the Whole Nation System" and "the Combination of Sports and Education".The former actually is the year-round trainning system which only selects and trains elite athletes.And the latter refers to the helpless way in which the many eliminated athletes from sports schools and the elite sports teams at all levels may be arranged.Furthermore,the writer presents the two new concepts to replace the two false ones above:first,"Sharing of Sports",which means the change from "sport for elite athletes" into "sport for all",and second "Returning Sport to Education",which will drive the transition of the Chinese sports system from a small closed circle to an open mechanism of the entire society participation.To conclude,the key step of Chinese sport reform is to alter the traditional model of the elite sports teams but retain its essence of systematical trainning.And a breakthrough is to apply the ways of training excellent athletes in developed countries and separate administration from sports body.


In G. K. Chesterton's story The Doom of the Darnaways, Lord Darnaway put on the spines of dummy books in his library such empty designations as The Snakes of Ireland and The Religion of Frederick the Great: I too might appear to have chosen a non-subject for this paper. My coming to the contrary conclusion was the unwitting work of the man whom Balliol College employed to give us tutorials in political philosophy. I soon noticed that his interpretation of Hobbes seemed to be based on a few chapters of Leviathan; desiring to get material for probing questions, and allured by Hobbes's style, I quickly devoured the whole of Leviathan. This reading left me with an abiding respect for the moral and political philosophy of Hobbes; his religious views, at this time, I found curious rather than impressive, but already I had no doubt that they were not mere hollow professions thinly cloaking an immoralist atheism, but were considered opinions sincerely held.


R a d i c a l P h i l o s o p h y 1 0 1 ( M a y / J u n e 2 0 0 0 ) In recent years, political philosophers have paid increasing attention to the claims of indigenous people.1 Not surprisingly, this attention has been greatest in those countries which were products of the European expansion into the rest of the world in the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, almost all citizens are either descendants of those who immigrated after European settlement or are themselves immigrants. These immigrants (ʻsettlers') brought with them their own political institutions, forms of social life and cultural traditions, and it is these, modified and even transformed by the colonial and postcolonial experience, which constitute the dominant practices in these countries. In each country, the indigenous people form a very small minority of the population as a whole, are the most disadvantaged in terms of income, life expectancy, education and other standard measures of well-being, and lead a politically and culturally marginalized existence in a land which was once theirs. According to conventional measures (economic resources, military capability, votes, etc.), indigenous people are almost completely powerless. Yet their moral presence is enormous. I suspect that almost all the citizens of Canada, Australia and New Zealand – even those who are most vehemently opposed to the claims of indigenous people – are uncomfortably aware of the immense injustice that lies at the core of their nation s̓ history. Untold millions of indigenous people were murdered or died as a direct consequence of European settlement. Those who survived were moved off their land and subjected to horrifying and contradictory policies of discrimination and assimilation. Many of these practices continued until well within the memory of those living today,2 and their effects remain in the poverty and cultural deprivation in which most indigenous people live. While indigenous people lack political power in conventional terms, the manifest justice of their cause is itself a source of empowerment.3 Recognition of an injustice is as likely to result in denial, evasion or self-deception as in action. There are enormous political problems in generating the will and marshalling the resources necessary to address the claims of indigenous people. Even were these problems to be overcome, it is not clear what the demands of justice are. Do they require restoration to indigenous people of political independence? If so, what form should this take? Or does justice require recognition of a special status as citizens of the postcolonial state? These are large questions that are in contention among indigenous people themselves. Of course much can and should be done without waiting on the resolution of these questions. But even the provision of the most urgently needed resources, such as food and medical aid to remote indigenous communities, is fraught with problems. Every intervention by a nonindigenous authority is an expression of domination; every gesture, however humanitarian, contains some aspects of cultural expropriation; and every intention, however benevolent, contains elements of paternalism and self-justification. This does not mean that action must wait on a yet to be achieved purity of act and intent. But it must embody an awareness of the history that has determined the conditions of the intervention and a sensitivity to its ambiguities. The project of doing justice to indigenous people must also raise the question of whether the concepts of justice provided by Western moral, legal and political theory are adequate to comprehend the issue. Contemporary Western political philosophy can no more approach the claims of indigenous people with theoretically clean hands than can the postcolonial state Justice or appropriation?


Geomagnetic storms are frequently associated with the formation of multiple bands of energetic electrons inside the inner radiation belt at L = 1.1–1.9 and with prominent energy structures of protons inside the slot region at L = 2.2–3.5. These structures typically from 100 keV up to the MeV range result from coherent interactions of energetic particles with quasi‐monochromatic ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves. These waves are induced by magnetospheric changes due to the arrival of dense solar material and related nightside injections of particles from the outer magnetosphere that destabilize field lines in the inner magnetosphere down to L = 1.1. Using low‐altitude data from the polar orbiting Demeter spacecraft, we perform case and statistical studies of these structures. We show that with such a spacecraft, these structures are best seen near the South Atlantic Anomaly because of lowering of the belt particle mirror point. As evidenced from ground measurements, energy bands are associated with quasi‐sinusoidal ULF Pc5 and Pc4 waves with periods in the 1000 s range for L = 1.1–1.9 and in the 60 s range for L = 2.2–3.5. Numerical simulations of the coherent drift resonance of energetic particles with ultra‐low frequency waves show how the particles are accelerated and how the observed structures build up.


The mode of nomocracy in the perspective of public credibility covers two aspects. Firstly, the credibility of nomocracy is the credibility of the nomocracy as a governance way. Secondly, the optimization of specific way can directly and indirectly enhance the public credibility of nomocracy. The public credibility of nomocracy contains value concepts of legitimacy and rationality. Its essence is that legal authority gradually gets the public's trust in the way of signal transmission system, and then it contributes to the game equilibrium. The whole optimization of the nomocracy's mode can directly enhance the nomocracy credibility on three levels.Firstly, the systematic legal authority can be shaped by legislative game. Secondly, we should dredge the signal transmission in terms of information disclosure. Finally,it can indirectly contribute to promote the construction of social trust mechanism.


In this article we approach the phenomenon of a very sui generis type of violence, because it is an intra-family violence committed by minors towards their ascendants. After an exploration of the most relevant bibliography at national and international level, it will exposethe differentiation between aggressiveness and violence, to continue with the evolution that has been produced by the scientific community in order to agree on a valid definition and as complete as possible. Another issue that we will address will be the problem about the incidence of filio-parental violence in Spain, highlighting the difficulty that exists today in our country in this regard. We will illustrate the data that we provide with a series of graphs to give light to a problem that in most cases remains intramural within the family bosom, becoming encyst.Let us conclude this article with a series of conclusions drawn from the questions raised that are combined with some reflections.


The purpose of this research are: To analyze the influence of reliability (reliability) on customer satisfaction of BPR in Badung regency; To analyze the influence of assurance (assurance) on customer satisfaction of BPR in Badung regency; To analyze the influence of form / physical (tangibles) on customer satisfaction of BPR in Badung Regency; To analyze the influence of empathy (empathy) on customer satisfaction of BPR in Badung regency; To analyze the influence of responsiveness (responsiveness) on customer satisfaction of BPR in Badung regency. To achieve this goal, the research method used in this study used 5 independent variables consisting of reliability, assurance, tangibles, emphaty, responsiveness and 1 independent variable: customer satisfaction. Types of data used are: qualitative and quantitative data. While the data sources are: primary and secondary data. The method of data collection are: observation, interview, documentation, and questionnaire. The population in this research is BPR customers in Badung regency. Data analysis techniques using quantitative analysis by testing the quality of data obtained through reliability test and validity test with the help of SPSS (Statitical Package for Social Science) 17.0 for windows, classical assumption test, hypothesis testing by using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that Reliability (reliability) has a positive but not significant influence on customer satisfaction of BPR in Badung regency. Assurance has a positive but insignificant effect on customer satisfaction of BPR in Badung regency. The form / physical (tangible) has a positive and significant influence on customer satisfaction of BPR in Badung regency. Empaty (empaty) has a positive and significant influence on satisfaction of customer satisfaction of BPR in Badung regency. Responsiveness (responsiveness) has a positive but not significant effect on customer satisfaction of BPR in Badung regency.
Keywords: Reliability, assurance, tangibles, emphaty, responsiveness.


The author has reviewed available data for Jewish populations on gene frequencies of the polymorphic serum proteins haptoglobin (Hp), groupspecific component (Gc), and pseudocholmesterase (PCE), and the polymorphic erythrocyte enzymes phosphoglucomutase (PGM), adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenylate kinase (AK), acid phosphatase (AP), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT). Jews were heterogeneous with respect to frequencies of Gc, PGM, ADA, and GPT, and European Jews tended to resemble European non-Jews. In contrast, frequencies of AP and Hp in European Jews resembled those of Mediterranean non-Jewish populations. Jews have undergone extensive interbreeding with indigenous non-Jewish populations, but still retain some genetic evidence of their Mediterranean origin.


2-(2'-Nitrobenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexandione derivs. of formua (I), having herbicidal activity, are prepd. from cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivs.and e.g. 2-nitro-benzoyl halide. In (I), R1 is H or C1-4 alkyl; R2 is H, C1-4 alkyl or R9-O-CO wherein Ra is C1-4 alkyl; or R1 and R2 together are alkylene(C3-6); R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each H or C1-4 alkyl; R7 and R8 are each H, halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, OCF3, cyano, nitro, C1-4 haloalkyl or R6SOn wherein n is 0, 1 or 2, and R6 is C1-4 alkyl, phenyl or benzyl.


According to the Criminal Procedural Code of the RF the verdict should be legal, reasonable and justifed (clause 297). The Criminal Procedural Code of the RF demands more in comparison with the Criminal Procedural Code of the RSFSR concerning observance of law in administering justice which expresses in the correspondence of verdict to the RF Constitution and to established principles and regulations of international law. Comparative analysis of the norms of the Criminal Procedural Code of RSFSR (1960) and the Criminal Procedural Code of RF (2001) allowed making a conclusion that such important requirement as motivation should be fxed in the clause 297 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the RF, which was fxed in the Criminal Procedural Code of the RSFSR in the clause 301.


Our museums, with their good illustrations in pottery, rugs, and mosaics, and a trip to St. John's Cathedral to see mosaics, are points in the study of New York City; while the mosaics of St. Mark's in Venice, the Taj Mahal in India, Ravenna, Siena, Rome, and Florence, are studied in comparison. Venice is studied by means of photographs and lantern slides in its connection with the Orient and the resulting influence upon the art of Europe, and the great Gothic cathedrals and their sculptures, in connection with medieval history. In connection with nature-study, birds form a subject of special attention, first as to line harmony, and later in dark-and-light, and color composition. These drawings are made entirely with the brush. Brush drawings in color are also made of flowers in season.


In this work we give a new lower bound on the Morse index for constant mean curvature tori of revolution immersed in the three-sphere S 3 , by computing some explicit negative eigenvalues for an operator associated to the Jacobi's one.


Objective: To observe and study the improvement of the technique in treatment of internal hemorrhoids with Nd:YAG laser and evaluate the effective rate. Methods: 60 patients of internal hemorrhoids were treated with Nd:YAG laser (10-15mw) irradiating on the mucosa of the lesions. Results: Among 60 patients, 57 patients were primarily cured with one treatment, 3 patients were primarily cured with two treatments. The effective rate was 95% with one treatment, and it reached to 100% with two treatments. Conclusions: the improvement of the technique in treatment of internal hemorrhoids with Nd:YAG laser is effective and easy to operate.


Humans out-perform contemporary robots despite vastly slower 'wetware' (e.g. neurons) and 'hardware' (e.g. muscles). The basis of human sensorymotor performance appears to be quite different from that of robots. Human haptic perception is not compatible with Riemannian geometry, the foundation of classical mechanics and robot control. Instead, evidence suggests that human control is based on dynamic primitives, which enable highly dynamic behavior with minimal highlevel supervision and intervention. Motion primitives include submovements (discrete actions) and oscillations (rhythmic behavior). Adding mechanical impedance as a class of dynamic primitives facilitates controlling physical interaction. Both motion and interaction primitives may be combined by re-purposing the classical equivalent electric circuit and extending it to a nonlinear equivalent network. It highlights the contrast between the dynamics of physical systems and the dynamics of computation and information processing. Choosing appropriate task-specific impedance may be cast as a stochastic optimization problem, though its solution remains challenging. The composability of dynamic primitives, including mechanical impedances, enables complex tasks, including multi-limb coordination, to be treated as a composite of simpler tasks, each represented by an equivalent network. The most useful form of nonlinear equivalent network requires the interactive dynamics to respond to deviations from the motion that would occur without interaction. That suggests some form of underlying geometric structure but which geometry is induced by a composition of motion and interactive dynamic primitives? Answering that question might pave the way to achieve superior robot control and seamless human-robot collaboration.


1: The Ancient World 1: Introduction 2: Journeys from the cradle 3: Minoan seafarers 4: Travel in ancient Egypt 5: The expedition to Punt 6: Polynesian navigators 7: Around Africa 8: Persian couriers 9: The Greek world 10: The travels of Odysseus 11: Alexander the Great 12: The travels of Zhang Qian 13: Across the Alps 14: Strabo 15: The Roman Empire 16: The Tabula Peutingeriana 17: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 18: Ptolemy's Geographia 2: Trade and Conquest 1: Introduction 2: Xuanzang's journey to India 3: Journey to the West 4: Kingdom of Heaven 5: The spread of Islam 6: Arab exploration 7: The astrolabe 8: Voyages of the Vikings 9: The Crusades 10: Prester John 11: Medieval pilgrimages 12: Medieval travel accounts 13: The Silk Road 14: The travels of Marco Polo 15: On wheels 16: Caravanserai 17: Trans-Saharan salt caravans 18: Ibn Battuta 19: Medieval maps 3: The Age of Discovery 1: Introduction 2: Zheng He 3: Ships 4: Around Africa to India 5: A new world 6: After Columbus 7: First map of the New World 8: Circumnavigating the globe 9: Cortes and the conquest of the Aztecs 10: Pizarro's conquest of Peru 11: The discovery of the Amazon 12: The Columbian Exchange 13: New France 14: Samuel de Champlain 15: Early missionaries 16: The Northwest Passage 4: The Age of Empires 1: Introduction 2: The spice trade 3: Wonder cabinets 4: New Holland 5: Settling America 6: Evliya Celebi 7: Coffee 8: Slave ships in the Atlantic 9: A life of piracy 10: Travels in the Mughal Empire 11: The stagecoach 12: The frozen east 13: The Great Northern Expedition 14: Calculating longitude 15: The voyages of Captain Cook 16: The new naturalists 17: Artist in the rainforest 18: The Grand Tour 19: First flight 20: Bound for Botany Bay 5: The Age of Steam 1: Introduction 2: Alexander von Humboldt 3: Rediscovering Egypt 4: Painting the East 5: Charting the American West 6: Go west, young man! 7: Full steam ahead 8: The Romantics 9: The voyages of the Beagle 10: Travellers' tales 11: Shooting the world 12: Into Africa 13: The Railway Age 14: Trains 15: The Gold Rush 16: Thomas Cook 17: Spas 18: Going by the book 19: Souvenirs 20: The works of all nations 21: Across Australia 22: Charting the Mekong 23: Ocean to ocean 24: The grand hotel 25: Luggage labels 26: Measuring India 6: The Golden Age of Travel 1: Introduction 2: Central Asia 3: On skis across 4: Greenland 5: The bicycle craze 6: Zeppelin fever 7: The airline of empire 8: Travel posters 9: The Long March 10: Planes 11: The roof of the world 12: The open road 13: Route 66 14: No-frills flying 15: Into the abyss 16: Flight to the Moon 17: The Hippie Trail 18: Concorde 19: New horizons 20: Exploration today 21: New frontiers 8: Index 9: Picture credits and acknowledgments


Developments in functional imaging during the past two decades have allowed for significant advances in understanding how the brain functions at a systems, circuit, or organ level. Positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) now allow researchers to image brain activity (usually related to oxygen or glucose use) with crisp spatial and temporal resolution. For example, fMRI can spatially resolve structures as small as 1 to 2 mm and view brain activity in time blocks as brief as 2 to 3 seconds. Although this time resolution is crude relative to the speed of neuronal activity and information flow between brain regions (on the order of milliseconds), these tools are nevertheless able to demonstrate the activity of clusters of brain cells through a sustained time domain in association with a behavior or task. Unfortunately, these slow time frames cannot image the directional flow of information through the brain, although exciting research in this area is under way. Thus, functional imaging tools alone have been limited in their ability to demonstrate how brain regions work in a coordinated and connected fashion to modulate information and regulate and produce behavior. Therefore, a fundamental problem with conventional functional imaging to date has been the inability to probe and understand the causal relationship between regional brain ac-


Double Coating is getting popular in production of wood free coated paper grades. This is the world trend. Japanese trend in coated paper production is not free from the world trend. There are several reasons to install new duble coating systems or to replace conventional single coating systems with modern double coating ones. What are the advantages of double coating, paper quality or economy ? Our answer is straightforward, "Both". Paper quality and the production cost have to be optimized. Double coating gives us flexibility to optimize the paper quality, the production cost, and runnability, as well. No.2 Coater as Ishinomaki Mill was rebuilt from a single coating blade coater to a double coating blade coater in 1992. In this paper, we describe the fundamental concept for No.2 coater's double coating and the experiences at the mill.


Strategies aiming for winning gold medals at the Olympic Games have pushed forward the competitive sports.However,what is more important is to develop the non-Olympic sports events,which are rich in cultural features and most significant in sports for all,but not given enough attention.In this paper,social and cultural values of these sports events are analyzed.Countermeasures for their sustainable development from aspects of sports games,universities,community,and for yielding their roles in sports for all are proposed.


Abstract : This report concerns the need for the Department of the Army to have a better knowledge of the effectiveness of its services contracting practices and procedures. The objectives of the study were to analyze the organizational structure and methods used by Army procurement offices in procurement of nonpersonal contractual services and then to determine what changes, if any, should be made to existing organizations and methods. Recommendations are made in the report for improvement in methods and training and for changes in the organization to effectively accomplish the procurement mission.


Use of the forest is the oldest form of human activity and also occurs if it takes place without the physical presence of man in the woods, becoming destructive action – intentional or unintentional, or creative activity – identifying and implementing specific needs. Use of forest functions such as: cultural, moral, ethical, religious, and many others, is not always quantifiable, and their direct measurement and evaluation, can be very difficult. This is due to both lack of appropriate economic tools and methods for the direct environmental analysis, as well as an inability to identify the various functions played by forests.The article is discussing the history of sustainable development in forestry, which opens with the law signed in 1364 by Philip VI of France, ordering that owners of the forest must take care of it. The next great theorists and practitioners of Forestry (Carlovitz, Cotta, Hundeshagen, Heyer), develop the concept, building a cohesive, well thought-structures of proceedings in the context of preserving stability, continuity and uniformity forest use.The real problem in implementation of the concept of sustainable forestry and forest multifunctionality, is unsolvable difficulty in anticipating the expectations of future generations as to the condition, appearance and composition of future forests. should be noted that promises benefits of the terms used in sustainable forest management (SFM), in relation to the multifunctional forestry cannot be met simultaneously and immediately. In forestry practice, all the forest functions, can be met only in a very long time horizon – calculated life expectancy of trees and stands.The search for solutions in this area should include not only areas of the modern, current knowledge, both the forest and in other branches of science, but also traditional knowledge. This would mean, that traditional knowledge, significantly important for the practice of forestry, can be the basis for the understanding of the multifunctionality of the forest in the context of sustainable development.


A polychrome stain procedure was developed to demonstrate amastigotes of the protozoan parasite Leishmania braziliensis as well as cytoplasmic and other tissue components in cutaneous lesions of infected animals. The procedure is as follows: stain nuclei for 10 minutes with an iron hematoxylin containing 0.5% hematoxylin and 0.75% ferric ammonium sulfate dissolved in 1:1 0.6 N H2SO4:95% ethanol; rinse 4 minutes in distilled water. Cytoplasmic staining is achieved by exposing tissues for 10 minutes to a solution containing 0.25% Biebrich scarlet, 0.45% orange G, 0.5% phosphomolybdic acid and 0.5% phosphotungstic acid in 1% aqueous acetic acid. These first two solutions are modified from Whipf's polychrome stain. Sections are differentiated for 10 seconds in 50% ethanol, rinsed in water, stained 3 minutes in 0.1% aniline blue WS in saturated aqueous picric acid, rinsed in water and differentiated for 1 minute in absolute ethanol containing 0.05% acetic acid. Mordanting overnight in 6% picric acid in 95% eth...


Silica nanoparticles were synthesized by rice husk ash (RHA) produced from jasmine rice husk and riceberry rice husk via sol-gel method for the use as reinforcing fillers in natural rubber (NR). The obtained silica nanoparticles are spherical in shape and the particle sizes were observed to be in the 10-20 nm range with uniformly size distribution. The surface of silica nanoparticles was treated with a silane coupling agent confirmed by FTIR. The treated silica nanoparticles were then incorporated into NR and vulcanized with electron beam irradiation. The rubber nanocomposites with silica nanoparticles, produced from jasmine rice husk and riceberry rice husk, resulted in higher mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus) than neat rubber vulcanizate. The modified rubber vulcanizates revealed rougher surface with tear lines as compared to the neat rubber vulcanizates, indicating the improved strength. Interestingly, the rubber nanocomposites with silica nanoparticles from jasmine rice husk showed higher tensile strength and modulus than silica nanoparticles produced from riceberry rice husk. The micrographs indicated better dispersion of NR composites with jasmine rice husk which leads to a strong interaction between silica nanoparticles and rubber matrix, thereby improving the strength.


Mr. Amit Datta is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Hanover and developed this paper during his research as a visiting scholar at Berkeley Law in 2012/2013. The author would like to thank his supervisor, Prof. Dr. Axel Metzger, LL.M. (Harvard), Mrs. Kamlesh Datta, Prof. Dr. Michael Bohne and Prof. Peter Menell for making his research stay at Berkeley Law possible. The author would like to express his gratitude to the Collecting Society Wort (VG Wort) and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for their financial support. The author would also like to thank Prof. Pamela Samuelson, Prof. Jennifer Rothman and Marshall Goldberg for providing information during the research process. Finally, the author would like to thank Ennid Roberts, Meredith Pressfield and Nathan Piller for the editing of this paper. The views expressed herein are solely those of the author and should not be attributed to any of the above-mentioned persons.


Solid organ transplantation has come of age. The articles in this review highlight many of the advances in this challenging field and demonstrate how the successful development of this technique has transformed outcomes for many children dying of liver, bowel, renal, and heart disease. We are now confident that more than 80% of these children will survive to become teenagers and adults who will lead economically viable lives. Many issues remain related to early identification of rejection, ensuring long-term quality of life, reducing the adverse effects of immunosuppression, preventing chronic infection and rejection, and managing a smooth transition from childhood to adolescence and adult life.


Using Xinong 979,a wheat variety planted in large production areas,as the control variety,this study was carried out to investigate the correlations between yield and main agronomic traits of eight new high-yield and big-head wheat lines from the 2009 Shaanxi Provincial Wheat Variety Pretest and 2010 Wheat Variety Regional Test.The results showed that: the eight new lines were remarkably lower than Xinong 979 in spike number per unit area,but significantly higher than Xinong 979 in the other agronomic traits;the yield of new lines 2036,2037,2038,2039 and 2040 lines was higher than that of the control.The yield of the lines was more closely correlated with spikes number per unit area and kernel weight;and the aboveground biomasses of the new lines had negative effects on their yield.With the lengths of all internodes properly regulated and the proper planting densities adopted,the new lines could get their spike numbers per unit area increased,thereby getting their yield traits optimized.


Plungers have been considered by many operators as short term or intermediate solutions to liquid loading problems in gas wells and gassy oil wells. Data is presented in this paper indicating that some producers have routinely utilized plungers to stabilize production and keep wells producing for years at a nominal cost. Well histories, production decline curves along with cumulative production reports will support the producer's case for utilizing the plunger system for such an extended period of time. Plungers, which are sometimes misapplied and often misunderstood, have been around for a long time. With the new state of the art equipment available and qualified personnel to educate operations people, plungers can be a valuable production system for many wells.


A low friction, two-component bearing comprised of a pair of ball-bearing races for transmitting rotary motion and an inner series of ball bearing assemblies for transmitting axial motion is described and should be useful in mechanisms such as stress-strain testing machines.


This project proposes a design of an ultrasonic generator oriented to industrial applications like ultrasonic soldering, cutting and drilling. For this, it has been developed a first design of the system using some recent techniques in order to obtain a generator with a variable auto-tuning network to cancel the imaginary impedance of the transducer and a feedback stage to find automatically the resonance frequency. Finally, a prototype has been constructed and a first evaluation of the different parts of the device has been done in order to obtain the first results of the design.


Background: Staphylococcus aureus is the main human pathogen, that can cause serious infections. This fact is supported with its ability to resist against antimicrobes. This germs usually live as asymptomatic colonies, especially in anterior nares of carriers. Carriage rate of S. aureus in children is higher than in adults. Social economy is assumed to be a factor that influences S. aureus's colonization and its antimicrobial resistance.
Methods: This research used cross-sectional design. Research sample were 127 students from elementary schools of Pandean Lamper, Kristen II YSKI, and Manyaran Semarang. Data were taken by nasal swab and interview. Nasal swab specimen then cultured on phenol red mannitol broth, Blood Agar; colonies that grew were then stained with Gram staining, catalase test, coagulase test, and susceptibility test. Data was analyzed using bivariate analysis, Prevalence Ratio, and multivariate analysis with SPSS 16.0 for Windows.
Result: : From bivariate analysis, there were no significant p values for all variables (all p > 0,05). Multivariate analysis of education and crowding showed no significant influence on S. aureus's colonization (p=0,090 and 0,147). That of education and income showed no significant influence on S. aureus's antimicrobial resistance (p=0,092 and 0,425).
Conclusion: Social economy factor, includes parent's education level, parent's occupation, parent's income level, and crowding, didn't influence S. aureus's colonization and its antimicrobial resistance

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, colonization, antimicrobial resistance, social economy factor


At the German Aerospace Center, the parallel simulation systems TAU
and TRACE have been developed for the aerodynamic design of aircrafts or turbines for jet engines.
For the parallel iterative solution of large, sparse equation systems within both CFD solvers, block-local preconditioners are compared with global block Distributed Schur Complement
preconditioning methods for real or complex matrix problems.
Performance results of preconditioned FGMRes algorithms are presented
for TAU and TRACE problems on many-core systems.


The objectives of this research were to study 1) the evaluation results of the administrative process and learners' quality indicators as well as 2) the differences in the administrative processes between secondary educational service area offices with different learners' quality. 42 secondary educational service area offices were the target population group of the study. Monitoring and evaluating forms on the management of educational service area offices together with site visits was used for collecting data in the academic year 2017. Frequency, mode, means (μ) and standard deviations (σ) were used for data analysis. The results of the study were as follows: The evaluation results for most of the 7 administrative process indicators were in very good-excellent levels whereas the learners' quality indicator was at fair-good levels. The secondary educational service area offices with a good level of learners' quality have 5 better administrative process indicators from overall 7 ones than those with fair level.


The disclosure provides a photocatalyst material and a method for fabricating the same. The photocatalyst material includes a zinc oxide material doped with metal, wherein the zinc oxide material has a lattice structure including a plurality of defects. A part of the defects are filled with a metal.


The use of computer technology to support technical decisions and training is now widespread and pervasive across a broad range of technical areas. Accordingly, computer-aided diagnosis has become an increasingly important area for intelligent computational systems. The objective of project research is to design an expert system able to  provide the way to simulate the technical crew training , technical crew evaluating, testing of station parts, fault diagnosing of gas turbine power plant which uses natural gas to help the technical  maintenance crew and others trainees to reduce the error of the technical crew as minimum as possible and significantly reduce the cost of the training technical crew ,and  in same time can be applied this proposed system in all generating stations which work in ministry of electricity and private sector stations. The proposed system contains two main modules first one is the System Information and the second model is Expert system. Those two models creates our system simulators. The Information System of proposed system contains the static information about different malfunctions of the gas turbine power plant field which is used for training crews by showing pictures and videos about affected part of the station and giving the correct action,  and containing exam question for evaluating technical crew level to give the correct decision about them such as an increase training period of the crew,  and containing testing procedure steps of the station parts with given correct action to start  up  the station or wait according  to test result ,and containing fault diagnosing of the station with advice and required solution, and containing information related to monitoring and remote control the station with given correct action using visual Basic 6.0, and can make the prediction and warning  according to environment information and received parameters from station compared with the standard level which is stored in system and giving the required advice to protect the system from damage .The second model of proposed system is Expert system of which performs the program, so this system represents a computer program design to simulate human ability to solve the problem, and it consists of knowledge base which contain all knowledge and information which are collected from experts (engineers) about specific problems in specific domain and inference machine to search for knowledge base to find the solution of the problem in this restricted domain, this research clearly also  describes  how the  neural computing system designed to support the technical decision process to save the station from damage and continuously prepare good technical crew and develop their capability . The most prominent feature of our proposed system is simplicity, flexibility and friendly user interface with high speed of the execution. Keywords: Gas Turbine, Expert system, Simulation, power Generation, control System


All custodians and creators have a legal obligation to organize and arrange public records/archival material. This obligation for "arrangement" of records refers to the records created by the work of the creator of public records, as well as to the records created by the work of another creator that is in his possession on any legal basis.

The work of organizing and arranging public records consists of four phases: classification and selection records into fonds, arrangement of records within one fonds, selection and disposal of records and creating basic description about records.

The author will present the third phase of records arrangement, selection and disposal of records, and the most common mistakes that occur in the realization of that process. Retention periods of records are determined in accordance with regulations. For records that are not stored permanently and that do not have archival value, the disposal dates are determined depending on the business needs of the creator and in accordance with special regulations, taking into account the time in which the records needed for business was created.

The author will present the experiences of the Archives of the Republic of Srpska with different creators of records and look back on their approach to selecting and disposal of records. Also, the challenges when selecting records from some non-specific creators, as well as the conditions in which those records are found, will be shown.


The behavior that he excoriates, however, seems so ordinary. The political figures seem to behave as they do elsewhere, whether they be Tammany Hall, Mayor Curley, Helmut Kohl, or any of a batch of American presidential or congressional candidates. Dauvergne's challenge is to explain why ordinary venality and short-sightedness prove so destructive in this case, and that task drags in the issues of population, consumption, and technology that he wants to avoid. Which means that it also drags in ideology. Take the case of the sogo shosha, key actors and arch villains in Dauvergne's story. By his account, they appear to be almost perfectly run businesses, accomplishing all the goals most dear to an MBA's heart. Although they are a small group of firms ideally placed to achieve oligopolistic control of the market, and hence to charge outrageous fees, they evidently compete so intensely that their fees are minimal. And that leads them to maximize business volume, the economies of scale bringing goods to their consumers at the lowest price. And in case that performance doesn't please the observant economist sufficiently, they also maintain policies that smooth out irregularities of supply and demand, and thereby assuring that prices are stable as well as low, an accomplishment devoutly sought by all who engage in primary production. Could a supermarket executive, a discount wholesaler, or any other large-scale commercial magnate hope to do more to earn his or her keep? Isn't Dauvergne's task to explain why devastation results from business behavior that seems to follow so perfectly the ideals of industrial-age merchant ideology?


Abstract Field research was conducted to determine the potential of hyperspectral remote sensing for discriminating plots of soybean intermixed with pitted morningglory and weed-free soybean with similar and different proportions of vegetation ground cover. Hyperspectral data were collected using a handheld spectroradiometer when pitted morningglory was in the cotyledon to two-leaf, two- to four-leaf, and four- to six-leaf growth stages. Synthesized reflectance measurements containing equal and unequal proportions of reflectance from vegetation were obtained, and seven 50-nm spectral bands (one ultraviolet, two visible, and four near-infrared) derived from each hyperspectral reflectance measurement were used as discrimination variables to differentiate weed-free soybean and soybean intermixed with pitted morningglory. Discrimination accuracy was 93 to 100% regardless of pitted morningglory growth stage and whether equal or unequal proportions of reflectance from vegetation existed in weed-free soybean and soybean intermixed with pitted morningglory. Discrimination accuracy was 88 to 98% when using the discriminant model developed for one experiment to discriminate soybean intermixed with pitted morningglory and weed-free soybean plots of the other experiment. Reflectance in the near-infrared spectrum was higher for weed-free soybean compared with soybean intermixed with pitted morningglory, and this difference affected the ability to discriminate weed-free soybean from soybean intermixed with pitted morningglory. Nomenclature: Pitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. IPOLA; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Asgrow 4702RR'.


The inverse interval matrix is defined as the narrowest interval matrix containing the inverses of all the matrices from a given interval matrix. Both theoretical and practical results concerning computation of the inverse interval matrix are presented. In particular, explicit formulas are given for the inverse of an interval matrix with radius of rank one.


The present study was carried out purposively in Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh as it is having the maximum area under turmeric cultivation. The main objective of the study was to develop a suitable strategy to improve the marketing behavior of turmeric farmers. The study followed Ex post facto research design. The purposive sampling technique was administered and two mandals namely Mydukur and Duvvur were selected on the basis of maximum area under the turmeric cultivation. Data was collected from 90 respondents by following a randomly drawn sample technique with the help of a well-structured interview schedule. The study undertaken comprises of analyzing the profile, marketing behaviour and relationship between the profile and marketing behaviour of turmeric farmers. Apart from this, the study was also concerned with the problems encountered in the marketing of produce and their suggestions to overcome these problems by developing a suitable strategy that helps in improving the marketing behaviour of turmeric farmers. The major findings of the study revealed that, the marketing behaviour of a farmer is influenced by various different factors viz., time of sale, location of sale, marketing channels used, and market prices. The government interventions through the provision of direct marketing/linkages with their marketing firms are highly useful to enhance the marketing behaviour of the farmers. Apart from this, making aware of market prices across the nation through e-sources (mobile apps) by the government may also be helpful to improve the markeing ability of turmeric farmers. Further, it is essential to create awareness regarding the market potential of a produce by field-level marketing professionals under the guidance of the Directorate of Agricultural Marketing can be helpful for afflicting the marketing ability of the farmers.


In this investigation, grain orientation has been studied in an industrial aluminium Al99.5 which has been welded by TIG process. The optical microscopy and EBSD (Electron Back Scattered Diffraction) were the main techniques used to illustrate the effect of welding on grain orientation in fusion zone and in heat affected zone. Epitaxial growth has been observed in weld joint and texture of each zone has been determined. On the other hand, the effect of isothermal heat treatment at 400 °C on homogenization of welded joint has been also studied. It was shown that the cube orientation {001}<100> is the dominant texture component in welded joint before or after heat treatments.


Much dependency among the instructions of one program often limits the parallelism that can be exploited. In the other hand, the dependency among the instructions from different programs is much smaller, and the parallelism is more easily achieved. However, traditional processors are all using "hardware PC+" to drive a program to run, which is unable to run more programs in a single kernel processor concurrently and is therefore unable to exploit the parallelism of instructions of programs. This paper proposes a new type of computer processor (called concurrent multiple program processor CMPP) architecture using a new program driving method which can run more than one program in a single kernel processor concurrently without using interrupt technique. The main idea of the new driving method is to pick up all the program/instruction driving elements/factors to form a driving vector, called program driving vector (PDV) or program driver (PD) for short, so that many PDs can drive many programs to run concurrently


Fe20Ni80/Si interface devices have been fabricated and irradiated from swift (100 MeV) heavy (Fe7+) ions with a dose of 1014 cm−2. The current measured across the irradiated devices from room temperature (RT) to liquid nitrogen (LN2) temperature shows a positive temperature coefficient. The results were understood by considering the formation of a semiconducting and magnetic silicide nanophase as a result of ion beam mixing (which was shown from x-ray diffraction (XRD) data). The particle size was estimated to be ∼25 nm from the XRD data. The induced magnetization at the interface was studied from the magnetization versus magnetic field (M–H) variation at room temperature. The magnetization shows superparamagnetic behaviour characterizing the magnetic nanoparticles.


ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the interrelatedness of socio-ethnic classroom diversity, teachers' citizenship beliefs, teacher practices to create a citizenship-fostering classroom climate, and their relationship with social citizenship competences of primary school students in Flanders. Data were gathered from 686 sixth-grade primary school students in 44 classrooms and their 44 teachers. To analyze the data, a multilevel path analysis was conducted for each of the social citizenship components (i.e., skills, knowledge, attitudes, reflections). Results indicate that ethnic classroom diversity is related to teachers' liberal-critical citizenship beliefs, which in turn are linked to their practices in creating a citizenship-fostering classroom climate. Regarding their role in fostering students' social citizenship competences, three significant relationships were found. First, more social classroom diversity was positively related to students' attitudes toward dealing with conflicts. Second, teachers' conservative citizenship beliefs negatively related to students' reflections about acting in a socially responsible manner and dealing with differences. Finally, contrary to expectations, students from classrooms with teachers contributing more to a citizenship-fostering climate scored lower on knowledge about acting in a socially responsible manner and dealing with conflicts.


The invention provides a remote monitoring control device based on a solar micro power consumption dynamic liquid surface, and relates to the field of oil production equipment. A dynamic liquid surface integral remote control collection device is arranged on an oil well; the dynamic liquid surface integral remote control collection device and a control center server are in wireless two-way communication connection through either a GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) or a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication); the control center server is connected with a PC (Personnel Computer) terminal through a circuit; and the dynamic liquid surface integral remote control collection device is provided with a power supplying power supply formed by connecting a lead-acid battery and a standby lithium battery in parallel. The remote monitoring control device has the advantages that a solar micro power consumption power supply system is connected into a dynamic liquid surface measurement module; an electronic information technology, a communication technology and other auxiliary equipment are used for cooperated work; the energy-saving effect is achieved; the power supply is stable; the external restriction and influence factors are few; the problem of power supplying difficulty of a field external power supply is solved; new renewable energy sources are used for uninterrupted power supply; and the micro power consumption dynamic liquid surface remote monitoring control is realized.


Signal recovery through coarse quantization of a linear transform output has many applications in engineering, such as channel estimation and signal detection in massive MIMO systems. A recently proposed scheme, known as generalized expectation consistent signal recovery (GEC-SR), can achieve Bayesian inference and exhibit better robustness than many existing methods. However, recovering signals with large transform matrices continue to present a computational burden for GEC-SR. In this study, we develop a novel decentralized architecture by leveraging the core framework of GEC-SR called "deGEC-SR." deGEC-SR offers excellent performance as GEC-SR and runs tens of times faster than GEC-SR. We derive the theoretical state evolution of deGEC-SR and demonstrate its accuracy using numerical results.


Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of parallel importation on brand equity in high and low product involvement arrangements.Design/methodology/approach – A 2 × 2 (authorized goods/gray‐marketed goods)×(high involvement/low involvement) between‐subjects experimental design is utilized; consumer electronics and ballpoint pens are examined.Findings – The results of this empirical study show that source channel (authorized goods versus gray goods) has a significant impact on brand equity; among the five brand equity dimensions, consumers are most concerned about the difference in "perceived quality" between gray goods and authorized goods; given the levels of stimuli, sourcing channel stimuli are found to have more powerful effects than product involvement on consumer evaluations of brand equity.Practical implications – Marketing implications of the study are as follows. For authorized agents: they could emphasize the "perceived quality" of their products in order to prevent mark...


Method and apparatus for measuring the thickness of the analyte, enables high-speed, high precision and stable measurement, easy maintenance. Using the polarizer 32 from the light source 31 emits coherent light into desired linearly polarized light, so that the linearly polarized light incident on the measured object 33 having birefringence, taken ordinary ray and the extraordinary ray, so that the light incident on the wedge further extracted prism 34, taken out through the corresponding change in the measured object 33 and the wedge prism 34 having a thickness added analyte measuring portion 33 of the light phase. The analyzer 35 is received by the light taken out of the ordinary ray and the extraordinary ray component out a polarization direction, a component for generating the normal light and the polarization direction of the extraordinary ray component of the interference, the interference fringe generated as a mapping in imaging means on the screen 36, by observing the interference fringes mappings, the thickness depends on the displacement of the interference fringes 33 is measured by the image processing apparatus 37.


Introduction: This study seeks to understand the role of lawyers and non-governmental organizations in the process of judicialization of health in Brazil, based on a set of lawsuits decided at first and second instances in the judicial district of Campinas in 2012. Methods: Descriptive and retrospective study, with data collected through interviews with 27 lawyers, responsible for 78 lawsuits. Results: In general, lawyers charge for professional fees, represent clients with high purchasing power, request the benefits of free justice for their clients, maintain relationships with several non-profit organizations working in health, exploit this niche market and have a dedicated practice to litigation. We identified two non-governmental organizations that maintain relations with many other actors, including private companies of the health industry. Conclusion: It is argued that the judicialization of health does not include the most vulnerable groups in society, being permeated by dubious and non-transparent relationships among stakeholders that participate of the process. Moreover, the judiciary lacks knowledge about the elements of reality in which it operates and, acting isolated from other public authorities, is not able to really mitigate the problem of public health in Brazil.


Abstract The reference change value, defined as RCV=1.96×2 1/2×(s I2+s A2) 1/2, where s I is within-subject biological variation and s A is analytical variation, has been used for many years to take clinical decisions in patient monitoring. Furthermore, the index of individuality was defined as II=(s I2+s A2) 1/2/s G, where s G is the between-subject biological variation. This index has been simplified by later authors to s I/s G and has been used in monitoring situations to determine the utility of population-based reference intervals. Harris stated that when the index of individuality is lower than 0.6, the specific reference interval of the individual – when available – is better than the population-based reference interval. However, if a change within a patient is equivalent to the RCV applied for the significant difference between two measurements, the probability of detecting this change is only 50% (the same probability of missing it). Therefore, to obtain a higher probability of detecting a change by the RCV (e.g., 90%) the interpretation of the index of individuality has to be reconsidered. This contribution compares the power of the RCV to the use of cut-off points and population-based reference intervals. The benefits of the RCV compared to the distance to cut-off point or reference limit are also described in relation to the index of individuality.


Thulium-doped fiber lasers (TDFLs) offer a broad 3F4 → 3H emission band ∼1600–2200 nm [1,2]. Thanks to "two-for-one" cross-relaxation process in TDFLs [1], that enables to achieve output power > 1 kW at ∼2045 nm [1–3] with 0.79-μm cladding-pumping. Efficient cross-relaxation requires high Tm-concentration (> 3wt%) [1, 2, references therein]. This results in a high core refractive index (thus higher V-number) that degrades the beam quality. It also increases the thermal load per unit length, although this can be reduced by a large cladding-to-core area ratio that increases the absorption length of the fiber. A long fiber also shifts the emission to long wavelengths with more signal re-absorption. For short-wavelength emission the re-absorption must be reduced in some other way, which also ensures adequate total pump absorption [4–6]. Simplest technique is to reduce the area ratio, but then excessive thermal load or inefficient cross-relaxation (if the Tm-concentration is low to reduce the thermal load per unit length) hampers power-scaling [1,6].


Editor, O ptic disc melanocytoma is a benign, dark brown to black tumour that usually occurs on or adjacent to the optic nerve head. Although most tumours are asymptomatic, some patients may experience visual symptoms related to neural or vascular compression or tumour necrosis (Shields 2000). Here, we present the stereo photographic findings in a patient with a small optic disc melanocytoma. A 43-year-old asymptomatic woman was found on routine examination to have a pigmented optic nerve tumour in her left eye. Otherwise, both eyes were normal with a visual acuity of 6 ⁄6. Ophthalmoscopic evaluation of the left eye revealed a slightly elevated, darkly pigmented tumour located eccentrically over the inferior edge of the optic disc (Fig. 1). An anaglyph stereo fundus photograph that can be viewed with standard red ⁄ green glasses, readily available in the examination equipment of most ophthalmic departments, is shown in Fig. 2. This image illustrates the three dimensionality of the tumour and the scattering of fine pigment clumps into the adjacent retinal nerve fibre layer. The pigmented infiltration of the normally transparent retina leads to fibrillated tumour margins partially obscuring the retinal vessels. The tumour was undetectable on ultrasonography. By fluorescein angiography, pooling of dye was seen in a limited area of secondary disc oedema in the temporal part of the lesion. Optical coherence tomography revealed a Fig. 1. Conventional fundus photograph of the left eye showing a small melanocytoma involving the inferior part of the optic disc.


National statistical offices are often required to provide statistical information
at several administrative or small area levels. Having good area level
estimates is important because policies will often be based on this type of information.
In this paper we describe how Bayesian hierarchical models can help in the task of
providing good quality small area estimates. Starting from direct estimates obtained
from survey data, we describe a range of Bayesian hierarchical models
that incorporate different types of random effects and show that these give improved
estimates. Models that synthesise individual and aggregated information
are considered as well. Finally, we highlight some additional applications that further
exploit the estimates produced, such as the classification of areas and how
to approach the problem of missing data.


This study examines analyst information intermediary roles using a textual analysis of analyst reports and corporate disclosures. We employ a topic modeling methodology from computational linguistic research to compare the thematic content of a large sample of analyst reports issued promptly after earnings conference calls with the content of the calls themselves. We show that analysts discuss exclusive topics beyond those from conference calls and interpret topics from conference calls. In addition, we find that investors place a greater value on new information in analyst reports when managers face greater incentives to withhold value-relevant information. Analyst interpretation is particularly valuable when the processing costs of conference call information increase. Finally, we document that investors react to analyst report content that simply confirms managers' conference call discussions. Overall, our study shows that analysts play the information intermediary roles by discovering information beyond corporate disclosures and by clarifying and confirming corporate disclosures.


Many researches papers have demonstrated that Nigella has neurotropic properties, and it has also been shown that Nigella seeds have several activities, such as analgesic, antiepileptic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and psychostimulant activities.

 Databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used. Results : The orientation towards this type of research has become more and more accentuated to enhance and detail the pharmacological properties of medicinal aromatic plants.

The present review consists in revealing and combining the experimental research studies carried out to demonstrate the central effects of nigella.


In the teaching of Organic Chemistry,how to cultivate the students' innovative abilities in order to meet the requirements of training talents of high qualities in the new century while ensuring the students to lay a solid foundation(such as the basic knowledge,basic concepts,basic skills and so on) for the further study,is the basic purposes for the teaching reform of Organic Chemistry.According to the problems,such as there are more contents and less learning hours,the theories are abstract,the new achievements appears fast,it is easy to let students feel boring in teaching and learning and so on in the Organic Chemistry teaching of agricultural universities,some teaching reforms are explored from the aspects of construction of teachers' group,construction of teaching materials,class teaching,teaching methods etc..


A novel optical fiber sensor implementation for monitoring structural displacement and load is explored. This new sensor makes use of simple coupling losses between fibers in a hollow core sleeve, and as such, offers variable sensitivity, ruggedness, and design flexibility. Preliminary test results show promise towards the goal of making practical and cost effective fiber optic sensors for field use in structural monitoring. In addition to hardware tests, a computer simulation was written to model sensor performance, and critical design parameters were identified.


Based on the equivalent continuous model of tunnel and the limited influence area of longitudinal seam, the improved equivalent longitudinal continuous model of tunnel was put forward. On the assumption that the axial deformation of equivalent continuous model was conformed to that of tunnel under the same force and bending moment, the calculation formulas of equivalent longitudinal stiffness of tunnel were obtained. And the coefficient of transverse tie-in and the restriction coefficient of soil were also introduced into the formulas of tunnel stiffness. Finally, combined with the geometry data and mechanical parameters of Shanghai underground project, the influences of the main parameters on tunnel structure were discussed. And the conclusions drawn from the calculation results will help us to learn the longitudinal structural properties of shield tunnel.


Let M be a noncompact complete Riemannian manifold. We consider the Schrodinger operator -Δ + V acting on L 2 (M), where V is a nonnegative, locally integrable function on M. We obtain some simple conditions which imply that inf Spec(-Δ + V), the bottom of the spectrum of -Δ + V, is strictly positive. We also establish upper and lower bounds for the counting function N(λ).


This paper studies corpus-based process to select a system-response usable both in chatterbot or as a fallback strategy. It presents, evaluates and compares two selection methods that retrieve and adapt a system-response from the OpenSubtitles2016 corpus given a human-utterance. A corpus of 800 annotated pairs is constituted. Evaluation consists in objective metrics and subjective annotation based on the validity schema proposed in the RE-WOCHAT shared task. Our study indicates that the task of assessing the validity of a system-response given a human-utterance is subjective to an important extent, and is thus a difficult task. Comparisons show that the selection method based on word embedding performs objectively better than the one based on TF-IDF in terms of response variety and response length.


In this vital new book, leading international scholars highlight the unique characteristics and rich variety of European research in entrepreneurship. They pursue several different perspectives and focus on the key issues and most significant developments in the field.


The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between language learning strategy use and foreign language achievement, focusing on differences in gender. A total of 263 English as a foreign language students enrolled in English preparatory class program at Necmettin Erbakan University, School of Foreign Languages participated in the study. This was a descriptive study in relational screening model. The Turkish version of "Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL)", originally developed by Oxford (1990) and adapted into Turkish by Cesur and Fer (2007), was used as the data collection tool. Results from the study indicated that metacognitive strategies were the most frequently used strategies among the participants, while cognitive strategies were the least frequently used. There was no significant difference between the male and female students in terms of language learning strategy use except memory strategies. Also, low but statistically significant positive correlations were observed between foreign language achievement and cognitive (r=0.23; p=0.00), compensation (r=0.16; p=0.01) and metacognitive strategies (r=0.15; p=0.02). The findings reported in the study suggest that high-level strategy use could affect students' achievement in foreign language preparatory classes.


BACKGROUND: Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) responds well to purine analogs, but up to 50% of patients relapse. We previously identified the BRAF-V600E mutation as the genetic lesion underlying HCL (NEJM 364:230-2315, 2011), and successfully targeted this mutation in the clinic with the oral BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib through an academic phase-2 multi-center Italian trial in HCL patients relapsed after or refractory to purine analogs (NEJM 373:1733-1747, 2015). In these heavily pre-treated patients, vemurafenib given for a median of 16 weeks produced 96% of responses, including 9/26 (35%) complete remissions (CR) and 16/26 (61%) partial remissions (PR), which were obtained after a median of 8 weeks of treatment. Even in complete responders, immunohistochemistry showed residual (~10%) bone marrow HCL cells at the end of treatment, and relapses were common, occurring at a median of 19 months and 6 months in CR and PR patients respectively. Residual HCL cells resisting vemurafenib treatment might be targeted by concomitant immunotherapy with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, an attractive strategy to potentially achieve a more profound response and a better clinical outcome through a chemotherapy-free approach. METHODS: We started an academic, phase-2, single-center trial (EudraCT 2014-003046-27) in relapsed/refractory HCL, which tests vemurafenib in combination with rituximab, another targeted non-myelotoxic drug with known single-agent activity in HCL. Eligibility was extended to patients relapsed also after monotherapy with a BRAF inhibitor. Vemurafenib was given at its standard dose (960 mg twice daily orally) for 8 weeks. Rituximab infusions (375 mg/m2intravenously) were given concomitantly with vemurafenib every 2 weeks, as well as sequentially (after the end of vemurafenib dosing) four times every 2 weeks. RESULTS: We have so far enrolled 22 patients in 16 months. Adverse reactions were reversible, usually mild and consistent with the known toxicity profile of the two drugs when used alone. Notably, a CR was achieved by all 14 patients already evaluable for efficacy (100%), including 4 who had relapsed after a BRAF inhibitor and 1 previously refractory to rituximab. Furthermore, 12/14 patients (86%) obtained the CR as early as after 4 weeks of vemurafenib and 2 concomitant rituximab infusions. This CR rate appears higher than that observed by us and others using vemurafenib alone in BRAF inhibitor-naive patients relapsed after or refractory to purine analogs (CR rate 35-42%; NEJM 373:1733-1747, 2015). Moreover, minimal residual disease (MRD) was undetectable in the bone marrow biopsy and aspirate of 8/11 patients evaluated (73%), both by immunophenotyping and by allele-specific PCR (limit of detection: 0.05% BRAF-V600E copies). In 5 of these 8 patients, MRD clearing was reached even before sequential rituximab dosing post-vemurafenib. In the remaining 3/11 patients, MRD was at most 5% in 2 vemurafenib-naive patients, and 10% in 1 patient relapsed after prior BRAF-inhibitor treatment. In contrast, residual bone marrow disease was a constant feature of all 26 patients treated by us with vemurafenib alone for a longer time period (NEJM 373:1733-1747, 2015). CONCLUSIONS: This study - which is the first one combining vemurafenib and rituximab in relapsed/refractory HCL - suggests that this non-myelotoxic regimen produces more numerous, faster and deeper CRs than vemurafenib alone. Enrollment continues. Disclosures Gaidano:Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria; Morphosys: Consultancy, Honoraria; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.


Social comparison processes exert a ubiquitous influence on people's thoughts, decisions, and behaviors related to their health. Moreover, many comparative perceptions (e.g., perceived personal risk, estimation of social norms) are miscalibrated with reality. The way in which people compare themselves with others on a wide variety of dimensions can have important implications for their long-term health, and health communications may be more influential to the extent that they heed people's interest in social comparisons and acknowledge the role of biases in these comparisons. This chapter reviews the various influences that social comparisons can have on health outcomes, with a particular focus on health cognitions, decision-making, and behavior.


In this paper, by the integration of design methodology theories with evolutionary computation, a new design system is developed to evolve preferred designs on complex marbling patterns using interactive 'perceptual selection'. The system is formulated in a way to assist the productive–deductive–inductive design reasoning process of the users. Therefore, complex mathematical functions do not cognitively overload the designers, who are released for more critical tasks of aesthetic assessment and new design rules induction. With the implementation on a graphics-processing unit (GPU), real-time complex marbling patterns can be created by the system. The system encourages creativity in the design process and accelerates new design generation. In addition, the resulting patterns fulfil the textile industry requirements of repeat and can be output as vector images.


The invention discloses a process for the nanostructuring of a block copolymer film using a nonstructured block copolymer based on styrene and on methyl methacrylate, and a nanostructured block copolymer film. The invention relates to a block copolymer film nanostructured in nanodomains at a predetermined temperature, obtained from a basic block copolymer which is nonstructured at said predetermined temperature, and at least one block of which comprises styrene and at least another block of which comprises methyl methacrylate. This block copolymer film is characterized in that it has the following modified chemical formula: (A[alpha](i)-co-Cy)n-b-(B[Beta](k)-co-D[Delta])n-1-b-(A[alpha](i+1)-co-E[Epsilon])n-2-b-(B[Beta](k+1)-co-F[xi])n-3-b-...-b-(B[Beta] (k+x)-co-W[phi])n-p in which: "n" represents the number of blocks of the block copolymer, "A" represents the styrene and "B" represents the methyl methacrylate, or vice versa, "C", "D", "E", "F", ..., "W" represent respectively a comonomer, or a mixture of comonomers, introduced into each of the blocks of the block copolymer, the comonomer, or mixture of comonomers, introduced into a block based on styrene being different than the comonomer, or mixture of comonomers, introduced into a block based on methyl methacrylate, the indices [alpha]i and [Beta]k represent the numbers of units of styrene or methyl methacrylate monomers present in each block of the block copolymer, and are all independent of one another, the indices [gamma], [Delta], [Epsilon], [xi]..., and [phi] represent the numbers of units of comonomers in a given block, and are all independent of one another, the indices [alpha]i, [Beta]k, [gamma], [Delta], [Epsilon], [xi] and [phi] all being greater than or equal to 1.


Perhaps the proudest moment of my literary career was during the summer of 1982 when I read in Publisher's Weekly that I was one of the most banned writers in America. Judy Blume and I were the only women writers on the list, as well as the only authors of books for children. We also comprised almost half of the five living writers, the other three being Alexander Solzenitsyn, Richard Brautigan, and Kurt Vonnegut. The remaining four writers were D.H. Lawrence, Daniel Defoe, Ernest Hemingway, and William Faulkner. My first thought was: I'll never be in such good company again. My second was to envision a talk show, somewhere in outer space, with all ten of us, each privately wondering what the connecting link was binding us together. I would venture to say that Judy Blume and I were on the list primarily for two reasons: we write for children and adolescents and our books are popular with them. Books for children are judged differently from books for adults in ways that are not always helpful to their true audience. Unlike adult books, which are reviewed by adults, children's books are not reviewed by children. They often contain elements of life that children find true, real, and involving, but which adults find disturbing. Thus, there has often been a large body of children's literature deemed proper and fit by librarians and reviewers but almost never read by children. On the other side of the spectrum are writers like myself who incur the wrath of the children's book establishment, but have ardent readers among the kids themselves. There are truths about life which children accept, because they are living them, but from which adults flinch or hide their eyes. Recently the head of a library in the Midwest wrote me asking if I'd mind if one of my books was not removed from the shelves but put on a special list of "objectionable books" which would be tacked in a prominent spot near the checkout counter. I replied that since, to my mind, there is no book in the library which is not objectionable to someone, I felt unworthy of being thus singled out. I myself find half the books I read (and I read almost constantly) objectionable in one way or another: poorly written, sexist, idiotic. The only kind of censorship which makes sense to me is the kind all of us practice — putting down a book without finishing it because it seems boring or not worth the time. One might add to that, if one believes in censoring the reading matter of one's children, as I do not, preventing or attempting


The hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol under mild conditions (∼340 K) was achieved over Raney Ni catalyst in the aqueous phase. The adsorption–desorption properties of the reactants (phenol and H2) and the products (cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol) on the Raney Ni catalyst are different in the aqueous phase and the organic phase. The hydrogenation rate of phenol is improved because the Raney Ni catalyst adsorbs more H2 and phenol in water than in methanol. Meanwhile, the higher uptakes of H2 and the lower desorption rates for cyclohexanone on the Raney Ni catalyst in the aqueous system result in the further hydrogenation of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol.


Antiestrogens have proven to be highly effective in the treatment of estrogen receptor- dependent breast cancer.Two major types of antiestrogenic agents are structurally categorized as selective estrogen receptor modulators(SERMs)and pure antiestrogens.The former includes triphenylethylenes, benzothiophenes,naphthalenes,benzopyrans,indoles,and the latter consists of both steroidal and non- steroidal compounds.Aromatase inhibitors play a mimic anti-estrogenic role by suppressing the biosynthe- sis of endogenous estrogen.Antiestrogens function the apoptosis of cancer cells by preventing estrogen from activating estrogen receptors.This review details the mechanisms,effects and research advances of antiestrogens and aromatase inhibitors.


Study the non blocking optimal control problem of series production lines, productive state equation and optimal control are given in the case of multi entry.


Philosophically, the notion of ontology is related to the nature of categories as we perceive them. In this paper, the notion of ontology is more specifically related to the nature of lexical knowledge and thereby also to the debate concerning the linguistic/encyclopaedic divide. Ontological knowledge, as it is understood here, is conceptual in nature. It is neither totally part of what is traditionally referred to as encyclopaedic knowledge nor of linguistic knowledge. It holds information of both kinds (Paradis 2001, 2003, 2004a, 2004b). Ontologies involve both (i) what things are, content ontologies, and (ii) how they are configured, schematic ontologies. Methodologically, ontologies serve as labels for concepts and as tools in the analysis of data. Like Paradis, Poli (2002) argues that ontologies come in two disguises: domain-dependent and domainindependent ontologies. Content ontologies are domain-dependent. They are the items that furnish the world as we perceive it, i.e. animate and inanimate things, activities, processes and abstract phenomena. Schematic ontologies, on the other hand, are domainindependent and serve as configurational templates of content ontologies, such as boundaries, part/wholes and scales.