Information technology is changing with each passing day, and the influence of network technology on the current teaching process of universities is gradually increasing. The extensive application of network technology provides an important source of information for physical education. Physical education conducted in accordance with the traditional model does not train students' sports skills. The application of network technology can provide targeted teaching according to the different needs of different students for different sports, and can overcome the limitations of time and space. The use of network technology can effectively solve college sports. Many problems in teaching. This article analyzes the current situation of the use of network technology in sports schools at home and abroad, and understands how to use network technology in the Internet era and the issues that need attention today. Through the use of network technology to teach the teaching content of various sports in college sports, and establish a network platform for evaluating physical education, not only is it convenient for students to conduct remote learning and assist education through the Internet in time, but also can carry out functions such as physical education content and online examination. Pay attention to the modern technical characteristics of college sports, effectively help students improve their understanding of lifelong sports, and realize the diversity of college sports forms, which greatly improves the flexibility of college sports.


ABSTRACTImplantation is a dynamic process that requires a genuine dialog between the embryo and the mother. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have demonstrated that successful implantation depends basically on the quality of the embryo and endometrial receptivity. During the past 20 years, various implantation markers have been evaluated in the ovary as well as in the uterus.The follicular size seems to correlate with the indices of recovery, maturity and fertilization of oocytes, while the thickness and the endometrial pattern indicate the receptivity state of the endometrium, being non-receptive if it is less than 7 mm and when a 'triple layer' morphology is not visualized.Perifollicular color mapping has been related to the quality of the embryo and pregnancy achievement, whereas endometrial color mapping is a uterine receptivity factor, independent of endometrial thickness. Embryo transfer would not be indicated if the resistance index of the uterine arteries was higher than 3, or if there was ...


We report three cases of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PRES), CauSed by eclampsla Or Chemotherapeutic drugs.In allthr・ee CaSeS,nOt Only the occIP1tal and/or parietallobes but also the brain stem,Cerebellum,basal ganglia and other lobes were widelyinvolved on magnetic resonance(MR)imaging.In two cases,abnor一 mal slgnals disappeared completely on follow-uP MRimaglng.However,PartialirreVerSible change persistedin the third case,Which showed atypicalhyperintense slgnals on theinitialdiffusion-Weighted(DW)images.We emphasize that PRESis not always COmPletely reversible and DWimaglng may be helpfulin distinguishinglrreVerSibleleSions from typical,reVerSiblelesions.f抄uhyuMbd.Jl,26(3,4)167~171,2007


Patients with breast cancer detected at screening US had 5-year overall survival and recurrencefree survival rates of 100% and 98.0%, respectively. In a Kim et al study of 501 women with breast cancer detected at screening US, at a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 15 recurrences were detected. In patients with invasive breast cancer, age younger than 40 years, the triplenegative subtype, and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 4A lesions were associated with recurrence. This information can help inform patient and clinician decision making regarding use of supplementary screening in women with dense breasts and the selection of appropriate treatment in women with breast cancers detected at screening US. ❚ Page 354


Nowadays, processor micro-architectures are becoming more and more complex. Consequently, designers increasingly need powerful abstraction and structuration mechanisms, as well as design methodologies that automatically and formally derive low-level concrete designs from high-level abstract ones. In this context, this paper proposes a methodology for RISC processor micro-architecture design. The proposed methodology uses mainly SysML to model both ISA and MA levels and the functional language CLEAN to describe them. Functional specifications in CLEAN are automatically generated from the ISA and MA models. These specifications, which are executable and formally verifiable, are used for simulation and verification. The proposed approach is validated by a case study that consists of designing the micro-architecture of MIPS processor. It shows how to easily model and generate CLEAN specifications describing the ISA and MA levels. It also illustrates, with multiple cases, how the generated specifications are used to simulate the MA. The results of the simulation phase prove the efficiency of the proposed modeling and code generation techniques.


Ribosomal proteins (RPs) are components of ribosome involved in ribosome biogenesis. Apart from their classical role, some of these RPs were reported to have extraribosomal functions such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication, transcription and apoptosis. However, little is known about the role of RPs in tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Previous study has
shown that ribosomal protein large subunit L27 (RPeL27), ribosomal protein large subunit L43 (RPeL43) and ribosomal protein large subunit L41 (RPeL41) showed differential expression in cell lines derived from NPC compared to nonnal epithelial (NPE) cell line. Here, the same three RPs were reported overexpressed in both transcript and protein level in five NPC cell lines in
relative to one NPE cell line. The gene expression was relatively quantitated using real-time polyn1erase chain reaction (qPCR) while protein expression was detected using Western Blot (WB). Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay identified RPeL27 and RPeL43 interacting with
POTE ankyrin domain family Eltubulin alpha-lA chain (POTEE/TUBAIA) and actin, cytoplasmic Ilbeta-actin-like protein 2 (ACTB/ACTBL2) complex endogenously in HKI while
RPeL43 was reported interacting with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 (EIF2S 1)
and muscle rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (MRAS). The differential expression ofthe three above mentioned RPs confinned their involvement in NPc. The identified interacting proteins with RPeL27 and RPeL43 has suggested possible mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular
signal-related kinase (MAPKIERK) pathway in NPC metastasis.


This study investigates the congruence between consumer personalities and product images based on the self-congruity perspective. In addition, consumer personality-product image congruence was examined to determine its influences on consumer product preference. Data were obtained from 335 respondents recruited from the customers of furniture stores such as IKEA and HOLA in Taiwan. A between-subjects experimental design was used, with t-tests and regression analysis. The finding showed that6 TABP consumers prefer products with a hard product image that gives strong, tough and strict feeling that is congruent with their own personality characteristics such as pressure for vocational advancement, aggressiveness, and desire for competitive achievement. In addition, TBBP consumers prefer products with a soft product image giving a mild, pleasant and gentle feeling, congruent with their own personality characteristics such as accommodating attitude, cooperativeness, and an easy going approach to life. In practice, determining how the consumer personality-product image congruence affects consumer product preference is helpful to manufacturers in designing products and stimulating product sales.


Tree obstacles are trees that may affect the safety and stability of power transmission lines. The paper introduces that the high-voltage transmission line is an important part of the power grid. In the construction and operation of the transmission line in China, it is often challenged by environmental factors, weather conditions, man-made damage and other reasons. This paper discusses the problem of tree obstacle and its harm to electric power, and puts forward the solution to tree obstacle accident, such as power transmission line tripping.


We examine two apects of Stockmayer fluids, which consist of point dipoles that additionally interact via an attractive Lennard-Jones potential. We perform Monte Carlo simulations to examine the effect of an applied field on the liquid-gas phase coexistence and show that a magnetic fluid phase does exist in the absence of an applied field. As part of the search for the magnetic fluid phase, we perform Gibbs ensemble simulations to determine phase coexistence curves at large dipole moments, \ensuremath{\mu}. The critical temperature is found to depend linearly on ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{2}$ for intermediate values of \ensuremath{\mu} beyond the initial nonlinear behavior near \ensuremath{\mu}=0 and less than the \ensuremath{\mu} where no liquid-gas phase coexistence has been found. For phase coexistence in an applied field, the critical temperatures as a function of the applied field for two different \ensuremath{\mu} are mapped onto a single curve. The critical densities change very little as a function of applied field. We also verify that in an applied field the liquid droplets within the two-phase coexistence region become elongated in the direction of the field.


In cosmic ray physics, the uncertainty of the hadron interaction model causes systematic errors of air shower simulations in high‐energy region. To solve the problem, the LHCf experiment measures energies and transverse momenta of neutral particles emitted in the forward region of 14 TeV p‐p collision at CERN LHC. Two LHCf detectors, consisting of sampling and imaging calorimeters, are installed at zero degree collision angle at + 140 m from the interaction point 1 (IP1). The energy resolution is confirmed as to be <5% and the position resolution <0.2 mm for gamma‐rays with energies from 100 GeV to 200 GeV by test beam results at the CERN SPS. Use of the Front Counter reduces the beam‐gas background by a factor 50.


Objective: To Study the chemical constituents of Dictamnus dasyarpus.Methods: the root of Dictamnus dasycarpus were extracted by 95% ethanol.15 compounds were isolated and identified from its stems.Results: 15 compounds were dictamnol(1),fraxinellone(2),β-sitosterol(3),preskimminanine(4),dictamine(5),skimmianine(6),pregnendone(7),γ-fagarine(8),11,12,13-trinorguai-6-ene-4β,10β-diol(9),obacunone(10),limonin diosphend(11),rutaevin(12),limonin(13),daucosterol(14)and KihadaninB(15).Conclusion: Among them,Corapounds 9,11 and 15 are found from Dictamnus dasycarpus for the first time,and KihadaninBA and KihadaninBB are a pair of new enantiomorph.


This letter proposes a novel ternary-event-based particle filtering (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\text{TEB-PF}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) framework by introducing the ternary-event-triggering mechanism coupled with a non-Gaussian fusion strategy that jointly incorporates point-valued, quantized, and set-valued measurements. In contrast to the existing binary-event-triggering solutions, the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\text{TEB-PF}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is a distributed state estimation architecture where the remote sensor communicates its measurements to the estimator, residing at the fusion centre, in a ternary-event-based fashion, i.e., holds on to its observation during idle epochs, transfers quantized ones during the transitional epochs, and only communicates raw observations during event epochs. Due to joint utilization of quantized and set-valued measurements in addition to the point-valued ones, the proposed <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{TEB-PF}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> simultaneously reduces the communication overhead, in comparison to its binary triggering counterparts, while also improving the estimation accuracy specially in low communication rates.


PURPOSE: A liquid coating apparatus is provided to uniformly adjust the thickness of coating liquid coated on web by finely adjusting the thickness of the coating liquid on a coating liquid coating roll. CONSTITUTION: A liquid coating apparatus includes a web supplying roll(100), a coating liquid supplying part, a coating liquid coating roll(300), a roll washing unit, a moving frame, a thickness sensor, a tilt adjusting motor(700), and a controlling unit. The thickness sensor continuously measures the thickness of coating liquid arranged on the coating liquid coating roll. A rotary supplying bar(210) forwardly moves or rotates to adjust the distance of the coating liquid coating roll and a blade to adjust the thickness of the coating liquid arranged on the coating liquid coating roll by the tilt adjusting motor. The blade includes a first blade and a second blade(230). The first blade is formed at one side of the rotary supplying bar, and the second blade is formed at another side of the rotary supplying bar. The coating liquid supplying part rotates to change the blade in order to supply different coating liquid.


The invention relates to a vehicle-side current transmission device (4) for the stationary charging of electrical energy stores of vehicles (7) at charging stations by means of current-supplying contact surfaces (13, 14, 15) arranged above the vehicle (7), wherein a charge current collector (4) formed as an articulated arm system (4) is designed to be multi-pole and has, for making stationary contact with the contact surfaces (13, 14, 15) to be supplied with current, at least two electrical contact elements (1, 2, 3) isolated from one another, which transmit different electrical phases.; On the basis of the present invention, the charge current collector is used to create a current transmission device, which enables at least two or a plurality of electrical contacts to be made via one single current collector, said electrical contacts being able to transmit different electrical phases while earthing the vehicle at the same time. The design as an articulated arm system allows the current transmission device according to the invention to be implemented in an especially compact design with low weight. A vehicle-side charging device thus designed enables the vehicle driver to simply position the vehicle below the overhead charging station, coupled with a reliable contacting of the contact surfaces.


Elevated exposure to ultraviolet‐B (UVB) radiation influences the growth and development of higher plants in a variety of ways, with different species exhibiting varying degrees of resistance and susceptibility. The effects of relatively short‐term high‐intensity exposure to UVB upon photosynthetic CO2 fixation were studied in cotyledons of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Poinsett) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Gray Stripe). Treatment with 194 kJ m−2 of UVB radiation delivered over 16 h led to significantly reduced CO2 fixation rates in cucumber, while sunflower showed no inhibition or a slight increase. Other photosynthetic parameters were studied in order to determine the basis for the relative susceptibility and resistance of these two species. The concentrations of both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were unchanged in response to UVB treatment in cucumber but showed statistically significant increases in sunflower. Carotenoids did not change significantly in either species. Flavonoids (i.e., methanol extractable ultraviolet absorbing compounds) decreased in cucumber and were unchanged in sunflower. A decreased proportion of open stomata was observed in cucumber following UVB treatment, while sunflower remained unchanged. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis showed UVB‐induced decreases in the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence under both dark‐adapted and steady state photosynthesis conditions, and these decreases were more severe in cucumber than in sunflower. These results indicate that the differing abilities of cucumber and sunflower to withstand brief exposure to high‐irradiance UVB are based on a combination of factors, including but not limited to the content of photosynthetic and UV‐screening pigments, stomatal function, light‐harvesting efficiency, and electron transport capabilities.


When pollen from sweet and sour cherry trees infected by Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) and prune dwarf virus (PDV) was dusted onto cucumber seedlings and the seedlings were caged with eight to 15 Frankliniella occidentalis for 1 day, approximately 20% (68 of 332) of the seedlings subjected to the thrips plus infective pollen treatment became infected. Only one of 188 cucumber seedlings caged with cherry pollen only became infected. No infection occurred when thrips were caged without pollen. The rate of transmission varied greatly with the virus isolates used (.)


BACKGROUND
To evaluate failures and to investigate the need for prophylactic inclusion of the inguinal lymph nodes in case of whole abdominal irradiation in gastrointestinal lymphoma.

PATIENTS AND METHOD
In October 1992 a prospective study on primary gastrointestinal lymphoma was initiated to evaluate management strategies. Treatment consisted either of conservative management comprehending radiotherapy +/- chemotherapy or radio-/chemotherapy sequential to primary surgery, depending on the physician's decision. Until November 1996, 382 patients were enrolled. Out of them we analyzed 92 patients who received a whole abdominal irradiation, in 21 cases with prophylactic inclusion, in 71 cases without inclusion of inguinal lymph nodes.

RESULTS
After a median follow-up time of 36 months in 92 patients with whole abdominal irradiation 9 patients developed relapse of gastrointestinal lymphoma (8 local failures, 1 distant failure). In these cases the analysis of radiation therapy shows low tumor doses or small field sizes. No significant difference in the relapse rates is shown between the 21 patients with inclusion of the inguinal lymph nodes in the abdominal radiation fields (3 recurrences approximately equal to 14.3%) and the 71 patients without enclosure of the inguinal lymph nodes (6 recurrences approximately equal to 8.5%).

CONCLUSION
General prophylactic enclosure of the inguinal lymph nodes in the case of whole abdominal irradiation in gastrointestinal lymphoma seems to be unnecessary.


The relative effectiveness of different kinds of ionizing radiation is usually studied in rats and mice by comparing the amounts of these radiations required (1) to produce 50% deaths in 30 days (LD50) and (2) to reduce the survival time of individuals. Quastler (1), Harvey (2), and others have found a quantitative difference in effects among various types of radiations in mice and in rats. This difference in relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) of radiations which vary in energy has been found in a variety of biologic objects (Moos, 3; Lorenz, 4; Lacassagne, 5; and others). It is apparently related to the differences in linear energy transfer (or specific ionization) correlated with the change in the energy of the radiation. The purpose of the experiments in the present report was to compare the lethal response of rats to single and multiple exposures of 400-kv and 22-Myv X-radiation. Weights and gross pathologic findings were recorded, but histologic findings will be reported elsewhere.


The aim of this study was using Bayesian approach via Gibbs sampling (GS) for estimating genetic parameters of production, reproduction and health traits in Iranian Holstein cows. Data consisted of 320666 firstlactation records of Holstein cows from 7696 sires and 260302 dams collected by the animal breeding center of Iran from year 1991 to 2010. (Co) variance components were estimated using a multi-trait animal model analyzed via Gibbs sampling. After convergence, the highest posterior density region of heritability for milk (MY305), fat (FY305), protein (PY305), age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI) and somatic cell score (SCS) were 0.255-0.275, 0.195-0.215, 0.195-0.225, 0.260-0.275, 0.065-0.080 and 0.0550.075, respectively. Genetic correlations ranged from -0.121 (between FY305 and AFC) to 0.914 (between MY305 and PY305) and for phonotypic correlations, it was from -0.083 (between MY305 and SCS) to 0.929 (between MY305 and PY305. The result of this study showed that production traits and AFC have enough genetic variation to develop breeding programs. The estimated genetic correlations suggest that milk production traits and CI would be affected if increasing milk production is the selection goal. The high genetic correlation between CI with SCS suggests that increasing calving interval trait result in an increased SCS.


A new method for analysis of sodium thiocyanate in raw milk was proposed.Sodium thiocyanate was extracted from milk samples with anhydrous ethanol and cleaned-up by a ENVI-18SPE column.The target analyte was separated on a Dionex IonPac AS21(250×2mm)analytical column and IonPac AG21(50×2 mm)guard column with 35 mmol/L sodium hydroxide,and detected by an integrated pulsed amperometric detector(IPAD).The recoveries for the spiked level of 1.00 and 5.00mg/kg were 92.4% and 105%,respectively,with relative standard deviations of 9.94% and 6.79%,respectively.The detection limit of the method was 0.005mg/kg(S/N=3).


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the successful strategy formulation process of a new purchasing department at an international engineering group.

Design/methodology/approach

The strategy formulation was co-created by the department manager and employees at a storytelling workshop, facilitated with interview technique from narrative therapy, and later authorized by the business area director. The organizational intervention preceded the scholarly inquiry.

Findings

Employees' retrospective storytelling about working at the company enabled them to formulate a joint mission statement using words and expressions from their own stories. Prospective storytelling enabled them to formulate a joint medium- and long-term vision and a corresponding action plan. This paper proposes interview technique from narrative therapy as a new practice-oriented strategic management tool and calls for further experimentation in rethinking best practices in strategy development.

Originality/value

Introducing narrative therapy interview technique in an organizational context is valuable because it may facilitate affinity of employees to strategy through storytelling thus contributing to contextualized strategy formulation and paving the way for subsequent implementation. This "from practice to research" approach can serve as inspiration for action researchers interested in driving organizational change.


Macromitrium Bridel and Entodon C. Muell., two important pleurocarpous moss
genera with four species viz., Macromitrium moorcroftii (Hooker and Gerv.) Schwagr., Macromitrium sulcatum (Hooker) Bridel, Entodon laetus (Griffith) A. Jaeger and Entodon nepalensis Mizushima are described from Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve of central India. Entodon nepalensis is new to India in the present state of our knowledge and the rest except Macromitrium sulcatum are new addition to the moss flora of Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve. All the four species are rupicolous and well adapted to lower elevation and higher temperatures prevalent at the central Indian belt.


Metaphysical modalities are definable from counterfactual conditionals, and the epistemology of the former is a special case of the epistemology of the latter. In particular, the role of conceivability and inconceivability in assessing claims of possibility and impossibility can be explained as a special case of the pervasive role of the imagination in assessing counterfactual conditionals, an account of which is sketched. Thus scepticism about metaphysical modality entails a more far-reaching scepticism about counterfactuals. The account is used to question the significance of the distinction between a priori and a posteriori knowledge.


The first volume of the Journal of Fluid Mechanics contained nine articles (of 39) on shock waves. Some of these pioneered new branches of fluid mechanics. Others dealt with older problem areas. Surprising is one's realization that important elements of all topics are still of current interest. The subjects treated were shock structure, diffraction, refraction, waves in supersonic and hypersonic flows, large-amplitude acoustic and blast waves, and astrophysical processes. The subsequent addition of work on chemically reactive flows, radiating and laser-induced shocks, the effects of electric and magnetic fields on shock propagation in ionized media and the development of computer-based methods of analysis have greatly broadened the scope of shock wave investigations during the ensuing twenty-five years. The paper traces some of the principal lines of investigation from early motivations to the present state of understanding and application. Motivation is not often consciously expressed in the scientific literature. Usually an external motivation in terms of identifiable needs for better understanding for the solution of practical problems can be identified; though much excellent work must be ascribed to that ubiquitous trait curiosity. The topics covered in this article were chosen as representative of the basic elements of shock wave interactions and effects. They are: shock structure, refraction, diffraction, shocks in liquid helium, and condensation and liquefaction shocks. The paper closes with an assessment of how approximate and computational methods developed for handling complex flow problems fare when applied to some of the basic shock interactions considered here. Most of the emphasis will be on shock waves in gases, for which knowledge of an equation of state has been key to the significant advances made during the last twenty-five years. For liquids and solids, shock waves have been used the other way around; to study state properties.


The Late Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP) is commonly regarded as being located in the western part of the Yangtze craton, SW China, with an asymmetrical shape and a small area. This area, however, is just a maximum estimation because some parts of the ELIP were not recognized or dismembered and destroyed during the Triassic to Cenozoic tectonism. In this paper, the chemostratigraphical data of the Zongza block, the Garze-Litang belt and the Songpan-Garze block suggest that the Late Permian basalts in these areas have remarkable similarities to the ELIP basalts in petrography and geochemistry. Flood basalts in the Sanjiangkou area are composed of the lower part of the low-Ti (LT) tholeiite and the upper part of the high-Ti (HT) tholeiite, which is the same as the flood basalts on the western margin of the Yangtze craton. Flood basalts in the Zongza and Songpan-Garze areas, which are far from the Yangtze craton, consist of HT tholeiite only. This is the same as the flood basalts within the Yangtze craton. Therefore we argue that these contemporary basalts all originated from the Emeishan mantle plume, and the ELIP could have a significant westward extension with an outcropped area of over 500,000 km^2. This new scenario shows that the LT tholeiite occurs on the western margin of the Yangtze craton, while the HT tholeiite overlying the LT basalts occupies the whole area of the ELIP.


For injective, bounded operator C on a Banach space X, the author defines the C-dlssipativeoperator, and then gives Lumer-Phillips characterizations of the generators of quasi-contractive C-semigroups, where a C-semigroup T(-) is quasi-contractive if ||T(t)x|| ≤ ||Cx|| for all t ≥ 0 and x ∈ X. This kind of generators guarantee that the associate abstract Cauehy problem u'(t, x) = Au(t,x) has a unique nonincreasing solution when the initial data is in C(D(A)) (here D(A) is the domain of A). Also, the generators of quasi-isometric C-aemlgroups are characterized


Distribution, longevity and migration of Cyathostominae free living stages have been studied in differents types of climate in the World. Few works exist on this subject in South America. The objective of this research was evaluating survival and migration in Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp. cv.Tifton 85) sward in tropical climate. Fecal plots were monthly placed on pasture Tifton, from September of 2003 to September of 2004. Sward and faeces were collected weekly, at 8 a.m., 1 and 5 p.m. and processed by Baermann technique. L 3 survival on faeces varied from four to nine weeks in rainy period and from eight to 15 weeks in dry period, with higher recovered in rainy period. In the pasture,larvae longevity varied from two to eight weeks in rainy period and from five to 13 weeks in dry period, with higher L 3 recovery in dry period. The multivariable weeks in dry period, with higher L 3 recovery in dry period. The multivariable analysis of main components evidenced the influence of time and environmental variables on the number of recovered larvae from faeces and pasture. Climatic conditions influenced the development, survival and migration of infective larvae. L 3 were recovered during the three times of collection and no significant difference was observed among three times. The study results demonstrated that in tropical climate conditions Cyathostominae L 3 are available on faeces and pasture during whole months of the year.


Systemic derangements and perinatal death of generalized insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) knockout mice preclude definitive assessment of IGF‐1R actions in growth‐plate (GP) chondrocytes. We generated cartilage‐specific Igf1r knockout (CartIgf1r−/−) mice to investigate local control of chondrocyte differentiation in the GP by this receptor. These mice died shortly after birth and showed disorganized chondrocyte columns, delayed ossification and vascular invasion, decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and increased expression of parathyroid hormone–related protein (Pthrp) RNA and protein in their GPs. The increased Pthrp expression in the knockout GPs likely was due to an increase in gene transcription, as determined by the increased activity of a LacZ reporter that was inserted downstream of the endogenous PTHrP promoter and bred into the knockout mice. To circumvent the early death of CartIgf1r−/− mice and investigate the role of IGF‐1R during postnatal growth, we made tamoxifen (Tam)–inducible, cartilage‐specific Igf1r knockout (TamCartIgf1r−/−) mice. At 2 weeks of age and 7 to 8 days after Tam injection, the TamCartIgf1r−/− mice showed growth retardation with a disorganized GP, reduced chondrocyte proliferation, decreased type 2 collagen and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) expression, but increased expression of PTHrP. Consistent with in vivo observations, in vitro knockout of the Igf1r gene by adenoviral expression of Cre recombinase suppressed cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and increased Pthrp expression. Our data indicate that the IGF‐1R in chondrocytes controls cell growth, survival, and differentiation in embryonic and postnatal GPs in part by suppression of Pthrp expression. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.


Satellite wind scatterometers like the MetOp SG (Second Generation) SCA of Eumetsat are not designed to measure ocean currents, yet if they could, it would improve the wind vector product and provide important additional information to the oceanographic community for various applications. Previous publications showed this possibility, but only with modifications to the system. In this paper the possibilities of measuring the ocean current vector simultaneously with the wind vector without modifications to the SCA system, are investigated through simulation studies. The measurement principle relies on phase change in a pulse pair measurement. The results indicate that it should be possible with SCA to measure the ocean current vector simultaneously with the wind with an accuracy of better than 1 m/s on a 50 x 50 km grid.


We present a photonic crystal cube-like polarization beam splitter and total internal reflection prism. By controlling diffraction, we experimentally show that free space optical prisms can now be implemented onto a planar silicon platform.


The present invention, before swallowing reflex, a method for treating dysphagia in patients with aspiration after swallowing reflex during and / or swallowing reflex, and to a bolus for use in the treatment of such dysphagia in patients . .BACKGROUND


This article is the result of the study on Zhou Zuoren(1885~1967)'s "A thing of the past(往昔)" writings of Satirical Poems of Lao Hu Qiao(老虎橋雜詩) and "Satirical Poems of Bingshu-Dinghai years(丙戌丁亥雜詩)" written in the middle years of his imprisonment(1945~1949, by the Nationalist government of Chang Kai-Shek, especially focused on their formal characteristics and his inner thoughts. While his primary imprisonment works are usually seven-character poems and kind of raw expressions of his anger or sentiment, as the time being in jail lots of his writings are imaginated by connotative words and wooven by related stories using five-character forms. Those changes are of his own choice and reflect his inner turnaround. His works in the mid-imprisonment period are basically of remembrance and retrospection. Many part of the materials of his poems contains old historical figures, who he accustomed to by his young age's reading, or his hometown ShaoXing(紹興)'s customs and legends, or sentiments on the flowing times. or vague clue of his old days. As those main figures' turning their eyes upon something, the author's identity floats up, that's the underlying structure. Certain images realized in his mid-imprisonment works are embodied inner thoughts of Zhou Zuoren, who has adhered to stubborn position of 'No explaining policy'. At some point where the spirit of 'throwing oneself to feed a tiger' is distorted in real world, he stuck the old images of 'practicing cannibalism to struggle for the justice'. The life of the hermits who has confronted the world with cold-heart carved into the face of the helpless poet. This spiritual isolation made the two brothers', Zhou Zuoren and LuXun(魯迅), reunion possible. As for Zhou Zuoren, it's the process of recalling himself who he treated like a stranger deep inside the heart, and also the process of recognizing and reconcilliating with himself, after repeated failing to recognize his own existence and identity through the old figures in history. And to conclude, Zhou Zuoren's mid-imprisonment poem's are showing an literature's intellectual struggling to maintain himself while restraining his anger and despair. It confirms Zhou Zuoren's one aspect of independent thoughts during overcoming present crucibles, not by repentance for pro-Japan collaborating but by reflection on Chinese history.


Design and Evaluation of a Personal Responsibility Training Program (May 1978) Robert M. Anderson, B.S., Boston State College M • Ed . , University of Massachusetts Ed.D., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Dr. Robert J. Miltz This dissertation is a study of the design and evalua' tion of a Personal Responsibility Training Program for high school students, and the design and evaluation of a true/ false questionnaire designed to measure a student's perceived level of personal responsibility. The major purposes of the study were: 1. To determine if a two week Personal Responsibility Training Program given to one half of the members of a social studies class would affect indices of effective self-management (i.e. grades and attendance) of those students. 2. To determine if the scores of a true/false questionnaire designed to measure a student's perceived level of personal responsibility would correlate closely with the same students level of personal responsibility as determined by a second method whose validity and reliability have been established. 3* To combine and incorporate the results of the empirical aspects of the study and the phenomenological experience of the researcher. The design included a personal responsibility training program that was administered to one half of a freshman


The current Oxford English Dictionary defines a neighbourhood as '[a] district or portion of a town, city, or country, esp. considered in reference to the character or circumstances of its inhabitants'. However, a large part of quantitative urban analysis relies on administrative boundaries, such as postcodes, as an approximation of true neighbourhoods. This regional graphic explores the possibility of redefining internal boundaries of a city through the combination of new sources of data, statistics and computation. Using the language of a sample of georeferenced tweets in the Dutch city of Amsterdam, in combination with a regionalization algorithm that groups similar continuous areas, the official postcodes are redrawn into those based on their spoken characteristics. The result is a very different urban landscape that is likely to encapsulate better substantive differences between parts of the city.


The morphological expression of podzolization in four Humo-Ferric Podzols increased in a northerly direction over a distance of approximately 74 km from the north shore of Lake Huron. The transect coincided with changes in both geology and vegetation. All the soils were developed in coarse-textured acid tills whose composition was not significantly different to explain the observed variations in soil morphology. Using quartz as an internal standard, the order of mobility from surface horizons was found to be Mg > Fe = Ca > Na = Al > K > Ti. Pyroxenes, amphiboles, chlorite and albite were the most easily weathered minerals. Protocatechuic, p-coumaric, gentisic and gallic acids were found to be the major phenolic acids in water extracts of soil surface horizons. The content of both phenolic acids and carbohydrates in surface horizons increased as the morphological expression of podzolization increased.


Background:
 Shock synchronized to the QRS-complex is essential to avoid cardioversion induced ventricular fibrillation. Several defibrillators are used in clinical practice, but little is known about their ability to synchronize shocks in real life use. In a randomized study, comparing two defibrillators, a major adverse event occurred and was related to synchronization failure of one device.

 Aim:
 To investigate if shocks are delivered asynchronous during synchronized cardioversion.

 Methods:
 A post-hoc analysis of a randomized study enrolling patients admitted for elective cardioversion was performed. Patients were randomized to receive cardioversion by LIFEPAK 20 (Physio-Control Inc., Redmond, WA, USA) or Schiller Defigard 5000 (Schiller AG, Baar, Switzerland). All shocks were delivered with the defibrillators in synchronization modus. Post-hoc, we investigated the ability to synchronize, i.e. the delay between the R-wave and shock delivery, by reviewing electrocardiographic shock recordings. According to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation and the American National Standards Institute, a synchronized shock should be delivered within 60 milliseconds after the R-wave.

 Results:
 A total of 134 patients were randomized; 65 patients received cardioversion by LIFEPAK 20 (mean age: 67 years, 14% atrial flutter), and 70 patients Schiller Defigard 5000 (mean age: 66 years, 14% atrial flutter). Overall, 138 shocks were delivered by LIFEPAK 20, all of them delayed more than 60 milliseconds (range: 80-200 milliseconds). All LIFEPAK 20 shocks were however delivered between the R-wave and the T-wave upstroke. In total, 193 shocks were delivered by Schiller Defigard 5000. Of these, 169 (88%) shocks were delivered within 60 milliseconds (range: 0-450 milliseconds), 180 (93%) between the R-wave and the T-wave upstroke, and 13 (7%) in the vulnerable part of the T-wave. Two of these shocks resulted in malignant ventricular tachycardia.

 Conclusion:
 Synchronized shocks in cardioversions are not uncommonly delivered asynchronous, including in the vulnerable phase of the T-wave. Of these shocks, two resulted in cardioversion induced malignant ventricular tachycardia.


Background: Dementia is currently one of the most common diseases of old age. Due to increase of life expectancy and age, the prevalence of the disease had increased. The use of new technology in the early detection of diseases has always been considered by medical experts. On the other hand structural imaging (CT scan and MRI) show changes in brain that recognizing and paying attention to them helps to earlier and better diagnosis. It is obvious that trying to be more understanding of the disease and its symptoms and starting the treat as soon as possible can be effective in promoting community health.


This paper demonstrates how the psychodynamic perspective can contribute to the study of organizing processes. Research from this perspective provides a complementary insight in what actually happens in an unfolding collaborative process, both on the manifest and latent level, and how subjectivity is expressed in the organizing process. First, the paper addresses the specific nature and challenges of 'multiparty collaboration'. Then it describes how the psychodynamic approach can be used in organizational research and the kind of theory it generates. The author presents a case study in the domain of foster care, where five independent organizations tried to develop a scenario for future collaboration. The case analysis focuses on three critical issues with which the participants and consultants were struggling. It discusses how the dynamics that emerged around those issues set the direction of the process. The paper concludes with the benefits of using a psychodynamic perspective in organizational research. Its main contribution is a better understanding of the paradox between the intention and societal necessity for creative collaboration, and the emotional and defensive responses when participants are confronted with the tensions of collaborative work. In this paper I demonstrate how the psychodynamic perspective contributes to the study of organizing processes. Research from this perspective provides insight in how people deal with the emergent nature of a collaborative where conventional processes and structures are no longer available. First, I address the specific nature and challenges of multiparty collaboration. Then I describe the characteristics of a psychodynamic approach in organizational research and the kind of theory it generates. I present a case study in the domain of foster care, where five independent organizations tried to develop a scenario for future collaboration. In the case analysis I focus on how participants and consultants set the direction of


This paper presents an experimental study of 136 utterances of aggressive attitudes in French: sarcastic irony, cold anger, hot anger, and a neutral control condition. Two male actors following a predefined scenario produced utterances on a controlled corpus including logatomes. Perceptual ratings by 28 listeners of aggressiveness, dominancy, and control among a subset of 24 utterances are compared to measurements of F0 and open quotient from EGG, vowel duration and formants values. More extreme forms of anger are rated as less controlled, more aggressive and dominant. Results indicate that the gradient of activation (sarcastic irony<cold anger<hot anger) corresponds to an increase of F0 (mean, range) and F1 values, in line with the literature. However, variation in F2 and F3 values suggest that articulatory gestures are not systematically stronger in most activated attitudes. Opposite strategies of vocal tension variation for the production of hot anger by different speakers are revealed by open quotient analysis. The comparison of relative influences of attitude and consonantal context on production parameters extracted from 128 utterances indicates that F2 and F3 are equally affected by both factors. Finally, limitations in the design of highly controlled though ecological corpora of attitudinal and emotional speech expressions are discussed.


Research Summary This paper explores the stock market performance of acquisitions and divestitures where both, one, or neither of the companies in the transaction are family firms. We find that acquirer shareholder returns are highest when family firms buy businesses from non‐family firm divesters, especially when family chief executive officer (CEO) acquirers buy businesses from non‐family CEO divesters. Additionally, divester shareholder returns are highest when family firms sell businesses to non‐family firm acquirers, especially when family CEO divesters sell businesses to non‐family CEO acquirers. These findings reveal that it is important to consider the characteristics of both the acquiring and divesting firms when analyzing acquisition and divestiture performance, and that the expected gains to family firm acquisitions and divestitures are driven by transactions in which the counterparties are non‐family firms. Managerial Summary This paper explores how investors react to acquisitions and divestitures where both, one, or neither of the companies in the deal are family firms. The stock market performance of acquiring firms is highest when family firms buy businesses from non‐family firms, relative to the other three possible combinations of family and non‐family firm acquirers and divesters. Likewise, the stock market performance of divesting firms is highest when family firms sell businesses to non‐family firms, again relative to the other three possible combinations of family and non‐family acquirers and divesters. These findings suggest that investors take into consideration the identities of both the acquiring and divesting firms when evaluating acquisitions and divestitures, and that this has significant implications for the expected performance gains of these transactions.


The Master Thesis "Packing Innovation" aimed to research and develop packaging solutions for cell reinforcement within the application of masonry. The project was performed during the summer and fa ...


Using 0.1 mol/L(NH 4) 2SO 4 as deposition solution, the voltage between plutinum anode and stainless steel cathode is controlled at about 15 V,and the current density is 0.65 A/cm 2.After electrolyzing for 40 minutes, plutonium,neptunium and americium can be deposited quantitatively on the cathode. The recovery of them is more than 98%.Influence of 18 coexisted materials are investigated, most cations influence the recovery and resolution except alkaline and alkaline earth elements at the same time,some interference limits are given. Small amount of NO - 3,Cl -,TBP,TRPO,kerosene and oxalic acid don't influence the deposition. When the activity of alpha nuclide is more than 0.25 Bq and the measuring time is more than 60 minutes, the total uncertainty of depositon and measurement is better than ±4.0%. The electrodeposition procedure is suitable for both aqueous and organic samples.


The findings of this study support the positive effect of constructivist learning practices, specifically on emphasis on problem solving strategies and their effect on student mathematics achievement. The results also suggest that setting, certification, teaching experience, gender, and minority status are factors related to the use of constructivist teaching, learning, and supervision practices. These findings imply that smaller rural schools may provide environments that are more suitable for constructivist teaching practices to occur and that younger staffs, females, minorities, and mathematics teachers are more likely to use constructivist practices. (Contains 23 references and 6 tables.) (ASK) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of global cancer deaths. The prognosis of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer continues to be dismal, despite improving surgical and adjuvant treatment approaches, with a 5-year overall survival less than 25%. The high disease incidence and poor outcomes continue to make gastric cancer a topic of active clinical and basic scientific research. Notwithstanding these efforts, relatively little is known about the molecular changes that contribute to the development of this deadly disease and how they may influence outcomes and therapeutic results. Gastric cancer can be considered a multifactorial disease because many inherited and environmental factors play a role in its carcinogenesis, including the genetic background of the host, infectious agents such as Helicobacter pylori, and dietary habits. Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disorder that can be divided into at least the following two main histologic types on the basis of the Lauren classification: intestinal and diffuse types. These two types have distinct morphologic, clinical, and epidemiologic features and may also represent a different molecular mechanism of tumor development and progression. The identification of germline E-cadherin (CDH1) mutations in families with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer provided early insight into the initial changes that promote gastric tumorigenesis and established CDH1 as a bona fide tumor suppressor. Subsequent studies indicated that, although germline CDH1 mutations are common in hereditary gastric cancer of the diffuse, but not intestinal, type, somatic mutations in CDH1 are frequently identified in sporadic gastric cancer of both major histologic subtypes. In addition, somatic epigenetic alterations, such as CDH1 promoter hypermethylation, are present in diffuseand intestinal-type tumors and result in gene silencing. This epigenetic silencing of CDH1 gene expression represents the "second hit" in approximately 50% of hereditary diffuse gastric cancers, whereas the prevalence of CDH1 promoter hypermethylation in sporadic gastric cancers ranges in estimates from 11% to 46% depending on the histologic subtype. Relatively small sample sizes and a focus on hereditary cancers or a single histologic subtype have hampered previous studies that evaluated the prevalence of CDH1 somatic mutations in gastric cancer overall. The current study by Corso et al evaluated a large set of familial and sporadic gastric cancers to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of CDH1 somatic mutations and their correlation with patient survival. The authors analyzed 246 patients with sporadic (n 174) or familial (n 72) gastric cancer for CDH1 structural changes (either mutation or loss of heterozygosity) or epigenetic alterations (CDH1 promoter hypermethylation). The results indicated that, overall, 31% of gastric cancers carried CDH1 alterations, two thirds of which were epigenetic alterations and one third of which were structural alterations. Patients with CDH1 structural alterations displayed a poorer overall survival than in patients with either no changes or epigenetic changes only. In addition, the authors report that CDH1 alterations (both structural and epigenetic) were found in 27.5% of intestinal-type and 38.4% of diffuse-type gastric cancers. Although these alterations were not associated with a worse overall survival in patients with diffusetype tumors, there was a strong association between CDH1 structural alterations and poorer overall survival in patients with intestinaltype tumors. The major finding by Corso et al that nearly one third of gastric cancers harbor somatic CDH1 alterations and those with structural alterations carry a poorer prognosis raises the question of whether somatic CDH1 alterations should influence the clinical management of gastric cancer. Although the findings in this study significantly clarify the extent of somatic CDH1 alterations in gastric cancer, there continues to be insufficient evidence to warrant regular CDH1alteration analysis as a standard prognostic indicator or for predictive use in therapeutic decision making. However, the incorporation of this and other molecular features to more specifically characterize gastric cancers should certainly be part of the design of prospective studies of surgical and adjuvant therapy for this disease. The role of epigenetic changes and tumor-suppressor silencing through promoter hypermethylation in human cancers has raised the specter of the use of demethylating agents such as 5-azacytadine as a therapeutic intervention. Large-scale changes in DNA methylation have been noted in the gastric cancer genome, and the CpG island methylator phenotype may predict a poor outcome independent from the tumor stage. A large number of genes that are suppressed by hypermethylation have been reported in gastric cancer in addition to CDH1, including the DNA mismatch repair genes, CDKN2A (p16), and MGMT (O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase). Whether therapeutic demethylation of some or all of these genes in gastric cancer may lead to tumor responses has yet to be tested. The use of demethylating agents has also been considered a potential chemoprevention strategy for carriers of the germline CDH1 mutation to slow or reverse the epigenetic second hit that inactivates CDH1 expression. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY E D I T O R I A L VOLUME 31 NUMBER 7 MARCH 1 2013


Recently our research group has developed a new water-soluble silicon compound. In current work this compound was employed as a starting reagent for synthesis of Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ green emission phosphor by the hydrothermally induced gelation (HTG) method and by the polymerizable complex (PC) method. The sample obtained by the HTG method was composed of Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ single phase and showed two times higher emission intensity than a reference sample synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method.


Both transmission and reflection spectra were obtained from graphene microribbons on a SiC substrate, which resonantly coupled with terahertz light through plasmon excitation. An absorption spectrum was also derived from the transmission and reflection spectra. Absorption by the confined intraband plasmons reached 5–10%/layer, which is considerably larger than the wavelength-independent interband absorption of 2.3%/layer. The absorption was found to be larger when the microribbons/substrate sample was illuminated from the back surface than from the ribbon surface because of an interference effect at the surface.


Offsetting the effects of bracket creep due to inflation ("kalte Progression") is a recurrent topic in the economic policy debate in Germany. The point is that due to inflation tax payers find themselves in a higher tax bracket although their real income has not increased. Policy recommendations range from regular adjustments of the income tax scale to an outright indexation ("Tarif auf Radern" i.e. "tax scale on wheels"). Bracket creep is a serious issue, which, in principle, does call for policy action with respect to the income tax. However, policy makers should take into account the effects of repeated tax relief in the past, which offset the effects of bracket creep. For most citizens the net effect is tax relief. Following the most recent changes in the German income tax law this also applies to 2015 and 2016. Thus, for the time being compensating bracket creep is not on the political agenda.


Since the beginning of 1990s specialists with a command of foreign languages have been in demand. This is conditioned by many factors: the changes in the educational system (owing to fact that Russia joined the Bologna Agreement), the integration of the Russian Federation in the global economy, the rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT) and its incorporation in all areas of activities, etc. The main questions of the present research are the advantages and disadvantages of TUIS platform usage, as well as TUIS platform usage impact on students' involvement in educational process. The main goal of this study is to identify and define the usability problems of the present Moodle-based TUIS platform at RUDN University. Despite the widespread usage of LMSs, some disadvantages are still encountered. From our point of view, one of the main disadvantages of most EERs is their commitment to only one type of interaction. While interacting in correspondence provides perfect student-content interaction and satisfactory student-teacher one, it, however, gives no student-student interaction. As for the conditions of distance learning, videoconferencing may help to solve problems with student-student interaction, but they are frequently misused. This type of interaction my easily be adjusted to TUIS with the help of, say, the Lecture tool. However, some researches find Moodle interface difficult to use and understand and point out such difficulties as certain problems with its functionality.


I analyze how employer decisions affect university variation in graduates' labor market opportunities. I collect office locations and campus recruiting strategies for over 70 banking and consulting firms, from 2000 to 2013. After firms open an office, students at nearby universities are twice as likely to have on-campus access to the firm. After closing an office, previously nearby universities are one-seventh as likely to have access. An additional firm recruiting on campus, after opening a nearby office, raises the likelihood of top 1% earnings by 1.35 percentage points (20%) at age 30-34, for students in the bottom parental income quintile. Intergenerational income mobility varies greatly across the United States (Chetty et al. 2014), as well as across universities (Chetty et al. 2017). Understanding why post-university upward income mobility is higher for some universities than for others remains an important and underexplored area for research and policy. This paper argues that employers often begin recruiting from a particular university because of firm-level geographic changes, exogenous to the university. These employer decisions cause variation across universities in access to firms, returns to college, and graduates' income mobility. Consider the following case studies, in which arguably exogenous firm-level ∗I am grateful to Lori Beaman, John Friedman, Lisa Kahn, Kory Kroft, Bentley MacLeod, David McKenzie, Suresh Naidu, Paul Oyer, Jesse Rothstein, Melanie Wasserman, and seminar participants at the AREUEA/ASSA Meetings, CAED Conference, Midwest Economic Association/SOLE Meetings, Purdue University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Society for Institutional and Organizational Economics Annual Conference, Union College, University of Alberta, University of Calgary, and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for helpful comments. Jocelyn Griser, Kunio Kohama, Yuhao Yang, and James Ziron provided excellent research assistance. †University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. E-mail: email@example.com


Introduction.- The Research Domain of this Thesis and its State of the Art.- Theoretical Foundations Relevant to this Thesis.- Situation Feature Relevance on Measurement Data.- Knowledge-Based Traffic Situation Description.- Relevance by Mutual Information on Ontology Features.- Conclusion.


ABSTRACT The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has been an occasion to reflect on the uneven geographies of threats and disasters in relation to diverse population groups, rising fundamental concerns on issues of spatial and social injustice. In different areas of the world, the most affected by the virus are categories of people who already present some kind of vulnerability and experience inequalities. Borders and bordering processes have had a major role in the shaping of asymmetries, and this commentary intends to focus explicitly on them and on their renewed importance as technologies for the production and reproduction of inequalities.


In the review the development of notions about hydride transformations as diffusive-cooperative phenomena is given. Their peculiarities are that any rearrangement in a hydrogen subsystem is done by a diffusive way only, but the rearrangement of a crystal matrix proceeds by a cooperative, shift mechanism similar to a martensitic one. It is shown that hydride transformations in the system Pd-H proceed by the mechanism of generation and growth. The C-shaped kinetic isothermal diagrams describe kinetics of direct a→s hydride transformations. Another type of kinetic diagrams is typical for reverse s→a hydride transformations. The rate of reverse hydride transformations just accelerates with temperature increasing or hydrogen pressure decreasing. Morphological peculiarities of both direct and reverse hydride transformations are described in details. Discussion of a unique role of hydrogen concentrational and hydrogen phase stresses in processes of hydride transformations is presented. It has been found out that these stresses are the most important thermodynamic and kinetic factor in the hydride transformation development.


As environment changes-induced global phenomena and problems are getting worse, fashion industries, too, are increasingly carrying out continuous studies and considering countermeasures to tackle these issues with their intensified interest in environmentally friendly materials. As a result, develop...


Voutilainen, Miikka Poverty, Inequality and the Finnish 1860s Famine Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2016, 257 p. (+ included articles) (Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities ISSN 1459-4323; 287 (nid.) ISSN 1459-4331; 287 (PDF)) ISBN 978-951-39-6626-3 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-6627-0 (PDF) This study focuses on the long-term socioeconomic background of the last of the West European peacetime population disasters, the Finnish famine of the 1860s. The study aims to uncover the social and economic processes responsible for the increased vulnerability to crop failures, ultimately triggering the famine. This is accomplished through econometric analysis and usage of extensive quantitative data sets. Applying methodology and using source material widely absent from the existing Finnish famine historiography, this study seeks to widen the prevailing emphases of the domestic literature and to contribute to international study of historical subsistence crises. The main findings of the work are the following. Firstly, contrary to the widely held generalization, Finnish agriculture did not exhibit a sustained productivity decline ultimately leading to the famine. The productivity of grain cultivation grew during the 1800s and only decreased in response to the crop failures of the 1850s and the 1860s. Secondly, legislation concerning land partitioning upheld and increased economic inequality in the rural Finland by constraining rural work opportunities and increasing the share of vagrant rural laborers, vulnerable to exogenous fluctuations in the labor demand. This, coupled with other legal arrangements, left especially young men in an increasingly disadvantaged position. The process was enforced by the underdevelopment of other sectors of the economy. Thirdly, multidimensional mapping of poverty and social structure greatly enhances the picture of spatial socioeconomic conditions prevailing in Finland in the mid-1800s. Various measures of poverty and underdevelopment agglomerated in regions subject to recurrent adverse climate shocks. Little evidence for impoverishment driven by population growth could be found. Fourthly, the crop failure in 1867 constituted a significant income shock and resulted in greatly increased income inequality. By the end of the famine, household incomes remained well below the pre-famine levels, whereas income inequality decreased substantially.


In a series of screening experiments p-tolyl acetate (1a), phenyl benzoate (1b), p-tolyl benzoate (1c), acetanilide (1d), and 2-naphthyl acetate (5) have been subjected to γ-radiolysis in aromatic and saturated hydrocarbon solutions. Qualitatively, the products formed correspond to those observed also with the respective photo-FRIES reactions, i.e., hydroxy- and amino-aryl ketones due to rearrangements, and products due to homolytic fission into aryloxy and aniline radicals, respectively, were produced.

The relatively high G values of conversion in dilute solutions indicate that energy transfer from the solvent is operative. E.g., 0,1 M p-tolyl acetate (1a) in benzene has a G value of over 0.3 for ortho-rearrangement to 2a, and of 0.55 for cresol (4a) formation. Kinetic evidence points to different energy requirements of the ortho-rearrangement and the phenol formation, and to more than one excited state of benzene acting as energy donor. The ratio of the observed rate constants of the energy transfer to self-quenching in benzene is about 80 1 · mole−1 for the ortho-rearrangement to 2a. The over-all reaction is strongly quenched upon addition of p-terphenyl.

A comparison of the quantitative data obtained in this work with available published data reveals differences between benzene-sensitized runs with γ radiation and photochemical experiments. Thus, the ratios of ortho vs. para and amphi rearrangement, and of homolytic fission vs. rearrangements are higher in the solvent-sensitized radiolyses.


In this study,the field plot experiment was carried out to investigate the control effect of eugenol against tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease. The results showed that the control effect of using 20% eugenol EW for 4times from tomato seedling stage was the highest(70.96%);the control effect of applying 20% eugenol EW for 3times from tomato flowering stage was65. 07%;the control effect of first applying 20% guanidine·copper wettable powder(WP) for 2times and then using 20% eugenol EW for 2times was 60.31%,which was not significantly different from that of applying 20% eugenol EW;the continuous application of 20% guanidine·copper WP for 4times showed the lowest control effect(53.57%),which was significantly lower than that of all the above treatments.


Hemophilia A and B are bleeding disorders caused by mutations in the genes encoding FVIII or FIX. Treatment involves protein replacement; however in some patients antibodies develop that neutralize FVIII or FIX. In these inhibitor patients, hemostasis can be achieved with activated prothrombin complex concentrates or recombinant FVIIa which bypass the intrinsic pathway generating thrombin to allow coagulation to occur. In principle, infusion of FXa should bypass deficiencies in the intrinsic pathway. However, this could trigger excessive coagulation as FXa can activate several clotting factors. Furthermore, FXa is rapidly inactivated by plasma inhibitors resulting in a short half-life ( in vivo experiments with FXa-I16L using age-matched male HB mice on the Balb/c strain to examine the effects on systemic coagulation as well as efficacy using three injury models. Using a modified aPTT clotting assay, hemostatically normal control (wt) animals had a clot time of 27 ± 3 sec (n = 4) while in untreated HB animals it was 69 ± 4 sec (n = 10). Administration of FXa-I16L (450 μg/kg) via tail vein almost completely corrected the aPTT 10 min post infusion (n = 5; 31 ± 5 sec) whereas PBS was without effect (n = 5; 63 ± 3 sec). The aPTT was shortened for more than 2 hours (50 ± 3 sec) and returned close to the starting value after 24 hr (62 ± 3 sec). In these experiments, infusion of the protein was well tolerated as all animals survived. Furthermore, using this high dose of FXa-I16L (450 μg/kg) platelet levels only marginally decreased over the course of the experiment while there was a transient increase in TAT levels at 10 min (68 ± 33 ng/mL versus 16 ± 8 ng/mL in HB controls) which returned back to baseline after 60 min (18 ± 7 ng/mL). Next we tested whether the improvement of the clotting times was associated with in vivo hemostatic performance. We used a tail clip assay in which blood loss was measured during a 10 min period after sectioning the distal part of the tail. Infusion of FXa-I16L in HB mice (n = 7; 450 μg/kg) significantly reduced total blood loss compared to PBS (n = 7) treated animals (p in vivo test of thrombosis, the FeCl 3 -carotid artery injury model, normal mice (n = 3) presented with vessel occlusion and interruption of blood flow within 9–12 min postvessel injury with 15% FeCl 3 while no evidence of clot formation was found for HB controls (n = 5). After injury of HB mice with FeCl 3 , followed by a 10 min observation period with stable blood flow, infusion of FXa-I16L (450 μg/kg) resulted in vessel occlusion and interruption of blood flow within 5–6 min in three out of five mice. In the last in vivo injury model, thrombus formation was assessed following a laser injury to a small vessel (arteriole) in the cremaster muscle by monitoring platelet accumulation at the site of injury. Untreated HB mice (n = 13, 30 sites) failed to form clots, while all HB animals treated with FXa-I16L (n= 10, >70 sites; 10, 30, or 90 μg/kg) formed a stable thrombus following injury that was comparable in size to wt mice (n = 3, 17 sites). Taken together our data show that FXa-I16L improves the hemophilic phenotype in HB mice following a series of hemostatic challenges and can restore thrombus formation upon injury at both micro and macrocirculation levels. Thus zymogen-like variants of FXa have properties that indicate their ability to serve as superior therapeutic procoagulants for bypassing deficiencies upstream of the common pathway.


A novel method of high order accurate difference to the nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws was presented with flux splitting in three dimensions(3D).Divided the calculation domain into many non-overlapping sub-domains by spectral volume(SV) method,a novel high accurate difference for the nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws was studied;the Newton numerical difference quotient was introduced into one dimension numerical flux to reconstruct the positive/negative numerical fluxes in the small cell boundaries,and give a correction formula;with the help of high-order Runge-Kutta TVD method for time discretization,a conservative difference scheme with high accuracy and resolution can be constructed for three dimensional nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws.The MmB property of the scheme is proved.The simulated results show that the high accurate MmB difference scheme is effective.


AbstractThe results of measurement campaigns are analyzed to investigate the thermal structure in an urban canyon and to validate a simplified model simulating the air and surface temperatures from surface energy budgets. Starting from measurements at roof-top level, the model provides time series of air and surface temperatures, as well as surface fluxes. Two campaigns were carried out in summer 2007 and in winter 2008/09 in a street of the city of Trento (Italy). Temperature sensors were placed at various levels near the walls flanking the canyon and on a traffic light in the street center. Furthermore, the atmosphere above the mean roof-top level was monitored by a weather station on top of a tower located nearby. Air temperatures near the walls, being strongly influenced by direct solar radiation, display considerable contrasts between the opposite sides of the canyon. On the other hand, when solar radiation is weak or absent, the temperature field remains mostly homogeneous. Moreover, air temperature...


What is a risk analysis? Reasons why such a document is essential for any negotiator, or any disputant contemplating litigation. Reasons why such documents appear to be uncommon in many legal cultures. Examples of the use of risk analyses. Precedent forms to assist a client or lawyer to prepare a risk analysis.


There is by now enough evidence that Ghana relies to some extent on the use of seigniorage to finance its budget. This study however, further the empirical scholarship on the optimal path the economy follows in its use of seigniorage within two analytical models. We have provided evidence to reject Barro's (1979) tax-smoothing hypothesis. In the case of Ghana, there is no positive long run relationship between the tax rate and the rate of inflation. Additionally, following Andrabi (1997) game-theoretic model, we provide further evidence that seigniorage is not used optimally in the public finance scheme in the Ghanaian economy because in contrast to the prediction of the model, there is no significant positive relationship between seigniorage and transitory output. The implication of our finding is that the economy of Ghana appears to find itself on the wrong side of seigniorage maximizing revenue Laffer curve.


This paper introduces a powerful design and analysis tool named SIMCAT, that is developed to support applications to license a CANDU nuclear reactor, refurbish projects, and support the existing CANDU stations. It consists of the CATHENA (Canadian Algorithm for Thermo-Hydraulic Network Analysis), the control logics from C6SIM (CANDU 6 Analytical Simulator), and a communication protocol, PVM (parallel virtual machine). This is the first time that CATHENA has been successfully coupled directly with a program written in another language. The independence of CATHENA and the C6SIM controllers allows the development of both CATHENA and C6SIM controller to proceed independently.


Introduction The challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic were many and daunting. Almost overnight, the lives of millions of people all over Europe was disrupted and people had to adapt to a completely new situation. Healthcare personal were amongst the ones most affected by it, whether by changes in their everyday work routine or by being the people directly in charge of responding to the demands of the pandemic. Trainees are an indispensable part of healthcare personal and, as a result, they were vastly affected by the pandemic. Objectives Discussing the role of National Trainees Associations (NTAs) in pandemic times, including how they dealt with the new challenges, their successes and hardships, and their steps going forward. Methods Gathering of institutional information about the work of the Portuguese, Irish and Turkish NTAs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Critical appraisal of each of their contributions and projects. Results There were impacts to trainees' clinical work, formative activities and even personal lives. Amidst this turmoil, NTAs were precious institutions. Their objective is to represent the trainees of each country, looking for formative opportunities and linking trainees. During the pandemic, the work developed by the NTAs increase in importance, serving as a beacon of important information and as intermediaries in a number of discussions. They also aimed to minimize the impact on formative activities, whether by providing recommendations or by organizing some form of educational activity. Conclusions We provide some national examples – Portugal, Ireland and Turkey – and draw comparisons and lessons from each one. Disclosure No significant relationships.


Corona virus 19 (COVID 19) is now a word that is often heard and is a problem in Indonesia and the world. The existence of the COVID-19 pandemic has forced changes in the implementation of various activities such as Work From Home, School From Home and others. School from Home or known as Distance Learning (PJJ) makes students have to study from home and use tools such as laptops / phonecell that can have an impact on health, one of which is sleep disorders. Sleep problems in adolescence will affect the growth and development of adolescents. So it is important to be given health education about the need for sleep rest and how to regulate sleep patterns during the COVID 19 pandemic. The purpose of this activity is to increase adolescent knowledge about the need for sleep rest and how to regulate sleep patterns. The target of this activity is 40 Catholic youths in the Sakramen Mahakusus Church in Surabaya. Health education is carried out online with the Zoom application,health education methods used question and answer and assistance via group/personal Whatsapp. Adolescents are very active in health education activities and many questions are asked. The results of the evaluation before and after health education showed an increase in the knowledge of teenagers in the Sacrament Mahakudus church Surabaya parish about the need for sleep and how to regulate sleep patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic.


October 29th was to be a remarkable moment in the History of Europe and the world. In fact, the presidents and ministers of Foreign Affairs of the 25 countries members of the European Community passed a Constitution that brings Europe together into a single government organism. However, the raising of a European Constitution in itself is neither enough for the achievement of a political and cultural community, nor sufficient for the individuals of the member States to become European citizens as such. One needs more than a treaty to create the so-called European identity. Indeed, what makes these aims real is the assumption of familiarization with a number of values, attitudes and habits, namely, a way for perceiving and facing the world that can only be carried out by means of education. This essay is, basically, organized into two main sections. The first one includes, on one hand, an approach to the definition of two terms: "identity" and "citizenship", which are essential in the social project of the European Constitution, and, on the other hand, their connection to the problems emerging from this new potential Europe. The second section deals, within the limits of professional field, with the education as the necessary resource for the achievement of this beautiful European dream. As a matter of fact, there are some proposals about the way education linked to the European citizenship, its aims, contents, methodology... should be dealt with. Finally, brief concluding reflections pointing at the evidence of an even more beautiful dream: a world citizenship, come to the foreground.


An automated method for measuring urinary thiamin without isolating the thiamin is described. Two ahiquots of sample are treated alike prior to measurement of thiochrome fluorescence, except that in the blank, addition of benzene-sulfonyl chloride and sodium hydroxide blocks oxidation of thiamin to thiochrome. Thus, fluorescence due to nonspecific substances can be subtracted. Quenching is negligible.


After the publication of the IPCC reports on climate change, the Dutch Meteorological Institute of the Netherlands (KNMI) conducted a study on the consequences of climate change for the Netherlands. Four different scenarios regarding the rise in temperature and their consequences have been developed. Other institutes have elaborated more on these scenarios, making predictions on the effects of climate change on nature and agriculture for the Netherlands. Overall conclusions are that climate change will have dramatic consequences for nature, agriculture and Dutch society in general, being so exposed to rising sea levels. Depending on the scenario, consequences have various gradients of impacts and effects. In general, it is estimated that winters will be softer and wetter, and that summers will be hotter and drier with intermittent torrential rains that can have dire consequences for agriculture and nature. Growing seasons will start earlier and will last longer which could lead to mismatches in species interaction. Species of various kind will suffer the effects of climate change and will disappear from the Netherlands altogether, either through extinction or by moving away north. Other warmth loving species from the south of the Netherlands will move upwards towards the country leading to possible threats to indigenous species.


(57) ABSTRACT A dynamic random access memory amplifier arrange ment includes a sense amplifier band shared between two different memory blocks. In this memory, only sense amplifiers related to a selected memory block are 22 Filed: Nov. 20, 1990 activated. The memory comprises a circuit for boosting a control signal voltage to a switching unit for connect (30) Foreign Application Priority Data ing the selected memory block to the sense amplifiers Feb. 16, 1990 JP Japan .................................... 2-36666 up to a level higher than a power supply voltage Vcc y during the activation of the sense amplifiers, and a cir 51) Int. C. .............................................. G11C 11/34 cuit for separating a memory block paired with the 52 U.S. Cl. ...................... ... 365/230.03; 365/230.06; selected memory block from the activated sense ampli 365/149; 365/208 fiers during the sensing operation. The memory further 58) Field of Search ................... 365/230.03, 207, 208, comprises a circuit for generating a control signal of the 365/230.06, 149, 189.11 power supply voltage Vcc and connecting all the mem ory blocks to the corresponding sense amplifiers in a 56) References Cited stand-by state wherein a row address strobe signal is U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS inactive. With this arrangement, a highly reliable mem 4,241,425 12/1980 Cenker et all 365/230.03 ory consuming less power can be achieved which en 35,03, 976: E.O.C.".365/iss Sures data writing and/or rewriting at a full Vcc level. 5,014,246 5/1991 Komatsu et al. .. ... 365/230.06 5,016,224 5/1991 Tanaka et al. ...................... 365/207 9 Claims, 15 Drawing Sheets


A method is described for the measurement of sensor axis misalignment relative to its mounting can for a fibre-optic accelerometer. The accelerometers investigated were based on the common cylindrical compliant mandrel design and mounted accelerometers showed typical angular misalignments of 2°. The influence of the misalignment on cross-axis sensitivity is also described for accelerometers orthogonally mounted in a three-component package.


Background. We present a case of a 29-year-old woman admitted to the hospital with hidradenitis suppurativa and found to have Staphylococcus lugdunensis bacteremia . Due to concern for the pathogenicity of this organism and recurrence of her axillary infection, a transthoracic echocardiogram was performed. The results did not demonstrate endocarditis. She was successfully treated with a course of oral doxycycline and topical agents. In contrast to other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), S lugdunensis has been shown to have a virulence pattern rivaling that of Staphylococcus aureus . It is important to educate clinicians on prompt management and treatment when patients are found to be bacteremic with this organism, as it can cause deep-seated and suppurative infections.


Wind farm control can be enhanced by feedback information about the current flow situation in the farm. Especially for closed-loop wake-steering control, the position of a wind turbine's wake with respect to the next turbine is valuable. Depending on the context, e.g. installed sensory or required time- and wake position resolution, different methods for wake tracking exist. With increasing fidelity, not only time-averaged wakes but also instantaneous wake conditions are considered for control. In this work, two methods for the dynamic estimation of the wake centre position are experimentally tested. One of them is based on wind turbine blade loads, the other on a fixed-beam staring lidar. Both methods use an Extended Kalman Filter with a dynamic model that takes the meandering nature of a wind turbine wake into account. In the atmospheric boundary layer, turbulence patterns of multiple rotor diameters are driving the downstream meandering of the wake. In wind tunnel setups with large model turbines, these spatial scale ratios are hardly reachable, thus meandering conditions were difficult to reproduce up to now. In this work, the inflow conditions are generated in a wind tunnel with an active grid, which imprints both a wind speed deficit and additional turbulence in a meandering frame of reference. The paper describes the generation and characterization of such inflow, while not claiming for an exact representation of a meandering wake in an atmospheric boundary layer. Inflow conditions of different meandering dynamics are used and their impact on the tracking methods is analyzed. The experiments show that the generated inflow conditions both resemble a wake and induce an expected response of the model wind turbine of 1.8 m diameter. The results from the wake tracking methods match the available literature, thus indicate the potential of the setup for control-oriented experiments in the context of meandering wakes, turbine-turbine interaction and load alleviation.


A regional study of the distribution and elevations of Pleistocene moraines in the Andes requires a method of determining relative age from space. One of our primary objectives is to establish the relative chronology of major climatic events responsible for glaciation in the Andes and other regions that are difficult to access on the ground and where suitable material for absolute age determination is lacking. The sensitivity of radar to surface roughness makes it possible to develop a remotely-based relative dating technique for landforms for which surface age and roughness can be correlated. We are developing such a technique with Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) imagery of the eastern Sierra Nevada where independent evidence is available for the ages and physical characteristics of moraines. The Sierra Nevada moraines are similar in form and environmental setting to Andean moraines that we have targeted for study during the pending Shuttle Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C) mission. SAR imagery is used to differentiate the ages of five moraine sequences of Walker Valley in the eastern Sierra Nevada. Other aspects of this investigation are briefly discussed.


Long period fiber gratings couple the fundamental guided mode to forward propagating cladding modes. A Characteristic of LPGs in SMF is that their spectral properties (resonant wavelength and coupling strength) are sensitive to the refractive index of the surface surrounding the cladding region. Because of this, LPGs are typically packaged unrecoated to obtain insensitive spectral properties. In this paper the effective index model combined with the coupling-mode theory are used to study the characteristics of LPGs based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF). After plenty of numerical simulation, the results demonstrate that PCF-based LPGs will be more insensitive to the surrounding medium than those written in SMF.


We present the design of an ultrafast optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (OPCPA) operating at 3 µm yielding few-cycle pulses and multi-mJ output energy. This design demonstrates that with a configuration of a single crystal or combination of crystals (KTA and MgO:LN) it is possible to achieve output energies above the mJ with sufficient bandwidth to allow compression to just 5-optical cycles. Here, we consider a 1 µm mJ-level picosecond chirped pulse amplifier (CPA), a typical pumping source for this type of non-linear amplifiers. Compression with a simple bulk material enables reaching close to the pulse Fourier-transform limited duration, paving the way to high energy, ultrafast mid-infrared pulses.


Significance The stimulation of certain surface receptors on immune cells triggers the release of calcium (Ca2+) stored in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This Ca2+ flux is required for efficient activation and function of immune cells, and involves the ER membrane Ca2+ channel, the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R). We found that stable expression of IP3R requires the addition of a fatty acid through a process called palmitoylation catalyzed by an enzyme complex composed of DHHC6 (letters represent the amino acids aspartic acid, histidine, histidine, and cysteine in the catalytic domain) and selenoprotein K (Selk) proteins. These findings provide new mechanistic insight into the selenium-sensitive fine-tuning of immune cell activation through posttranslational modification of the IP3R Ca2+ channel. This study also reveals a novel DHHC6/Selk enzyme complex responsible for regulating stable expression of the IP3R. Calcium (Ca2+) is a secondary messenger in cells and Ca2+ flux initiated from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores via inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) binding to the IP3 receptor (IP3R) is particularly important for the activation and function of immune cells. Previous studies demonstrated that genetic deletion of selenoprotein K (Selk) led to decreased Ca2+ flux in a variety of immune cells and impaired immunity, but the mechanism was unclear. Here we show that Selk deficiency does not affect receptor-induced IP3 production, but Selk deficiency through genetic deletion or low selenium in culture media leads to low expression of the IP3R due to a defect in IP3R palmitoylation. Bioinformatic analysis of the DHHC (letters represent the amino acids aspartic acid, histidine, histidine, and cysteine in the catalytic domain) family of enzymes that catalyze protein palmitoylation revealed that one member, DHHC6, contains a predicted Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain and DHHC6 is localized to the ER membrane. Because Selk is also an ER membrane protein and contains an SH3 binding domain, immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation experiments were conducted and revealed DHHC6/Selk interactions in the ER membrane that depended on SH3/SH3 binding domain interactions. DHHC6 knockdown using shRNA in stably transfected cell lines led to decreased expression of the IP3R and impaired IP3R-dependent Ca2+ flux. Mass spectrophotometric and bioinformatic analyses of the IP3R protein identified two palmitoylated cysteine residues and another potentially palmitoylated cysteine, and mutation of these three cysteines to alanines resulted in decreased IP3R palmitoylation and function. These findings reveal IP3R palmitoylation as a critical regulator of Ca2+ flux in immune cells and define a previously unidentified DHHC/Selk complex responsible for this process.


Postural Instability (PI) is a disabling symptom in Parkinson Disease (PD). Falls a consequence of PI impairs patients' quality of life. Postural instability is usually a late appearing symptom in PD. It's usually regarded as a motor symptom but unlike most of the motor symptoms in PD, it usually does not respond to levodopa. Increasing evidence indicates the pathophysiology of PI includes deficits in proprioceptive and vestibular processing and integration, sensory, not motor symptoms. To better understand PI and falls and the effect, or non effect of levodopa, we studied 20 PD patients, all of whom were tested "off levodopa" for 16 hours and then "on levodopa." Ten patients were frequent fallers. Their motor symptoms: rigidity, bradykinesia and tremor had improved on levodopa. Falls did not improve, decrease, on levodopa. Ten patients were non fallers. Their motor symptoms had improved on levodopa. We were particularly interested in the effect of levodopa on "bedside" tests of PI : the "pull test" part of the MDSUPDRS motor examination, and the ability, or inability, of patients to stand on one leg for at least 3 seconds: "one legged stance. The onelegged stance is utilized by us to evaluate PI and fall risk. Mean age of fallers and non fallers were similar: 64.1 +/10.68 years versus 63.3 +/6.28. Fallers had PD significantly longer: 11.18 +/years versus 5.1 +/1.29. The "pull test" was significantly improved with levodopa. The onelegged stance was not. This suggests the onelegged stance better reflects PI than the "pull test." It also suggests that PI is more likely to reflect a sensory than a motor deficiency.


Alongside with many societal changes, technology ha s also started to change the teaching and learning of EFL especially since the turn of the millennium. Multimedia-based and audiovisual ma teri ls are now easily accessible and available for both teachers a nd learners of EFL. Recent research demonstrates that EFL learner owners hip and preferences about dictionaries seem to have taken i ts share from these technological innovations and influences. The incre asing number of research on learners' dictionary ownership and pref erences has tried to explore this rather recent situation and has mainly resulted in the main finding that paper dictionaries are losing their lo ng-lasting popularity and that multimedia-based dictionaries are becoming popular among EFL learners. This new situation that has pedagogical and curric lar applications necessitates research on ELT student teachers' dict ionary ownership and preferences in Turkey, especially considering t hat studies into this area are almost non-existent in Turkish ELT departm ents. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to explore ELT stu dent teachers' dictionary ownership and preferences. With this aim this paper reports on a descriptive study about dictionary ownership a nd preferences of 186 ELT student teachers at Mehmet Akif Ersoy Unive rsity. An Investigation of ELT Student Teachers' Dictionar y Ownership ... 215 The results demonstrate that student teachers stro ngly believe that a language learner needs a dictionary; that paper dic tionaries are mostly owned but multimedia based dictionaries are mostly preferred; that paper dictionaries are difficult to carry, expensiv e and time consuming; that they use their dictionaries mostly at home and secondly in class; and that their main reason for u sing the dictionary is to learn the meaning of vocabulary but not spelling or pronunciation.


Following the comparative study of proton induced radiation damage on various plastic scintillator samples from the ATLAS-CERN detector, a study on neutron irradiation and damage assessment on the same type of samples will be conducted. The samples will be irradiated with different dose rates of neutrons produced in favourable nuclear reactions using a radiofrequency linear particle accelerator as well as from the SAFARI nuclear reactor at NECSA. The MCNP 5 code will be utilized in simulating the neutron transport for determining the dose rate. Light transmission and light yield tests will be performed in order to assess the radiation damage on the scintillators. In addition, Raman spectroscopy and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) analysis will be used to characterize the samples after irradiation. The project aims to extent these studies to include radiation assessment damage of any component that processes the scintillating light and deteriorates the quantum efficiency of the Tilecal detector, namely, photomultiplier tubes, wavelength shifting optical fibres and the readout electronics. They will also be exposed to neutron irradiation and the damage assessed in the same manner.


The planning and construction of Hongqiao Comprehensive Transport Hub will greatly promote the overall regional and coordinative development.It will also bring important influence on general layout of urban space,industry development and regional function orientation.Many contents,such as regional industry develop- ment,regional traffic system,district traffic organization and urban ecological envi- ronment,will be involved.This paper summarizes progressive operation strategy of planning formulation,which contains four stages:strategic level study,conceptual project design,implementing project formulation and implementing estimation op- timization.The key contents,effect and characteristics in the implementing project formulation are also introduced in this paper,from the regional structure planning, regional regulatory detailed planning,detailed planning in the core district and con- trol element planning in the hub area.


A series of new 4,6-di(heteroaryl)pyrimidines containing an Nmethylpiperazino group (6-13) or an ethylenediamine chain (1520) in position 2 were synthesized and their 5 m ~ and ~ H T ~ A receptor affinities were determined. It was shown that the substibent effects on the ~ H T ~ A affinity are additive and could be described quantitatively. In a behavioral model it was also demonstrated that 6-11 are S-HT~A receptor antagonists. The molecular modelling results suggested that the distances between the basic nitrogen atom and the two aromatic centers (di = 5.2-8.4 A, d2 = 5.7-8.5 A, and d3 = 4.6-7.3 A) define the molecular topography of the S H T ~ A receptor antagonists under study.


ABSTRACT The design of delay-dependent robust controllers is solved here for a class of uncertain 2D continuous systems: those with interval time-varying delays and norm-bounded parameter uncertainties. By constructing a novel augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and then using the Wirtinger inequality, a new delay-dependent stability condition is developed, that uses the known lower and upper bounds of the time-varying delays to develop less conservative solutions that previous results in the literature. This condition is then applied to performance analysis and robust controller design, using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Two numerical examples are presented that illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


This paper illustrates how an "experimental state of mind", i.e. principles of experimental design, can inform hypothesis generation and testing in structured fieldwork elicitation. The application of these principles is demonstrated with case studies in toneme discovery. Pike's classic toneme discovery procedure is shown to be a special case of the application of experimental design. It is recast in two stages: (1) the inference of the hidden structure of tonemes based on unexplained variability in the pitch contour remaining, even after other sources of influence on the pitch contour are accounted for, and (2) the confirmation of systematic effects of hypothesized tonal classes on the pitch contour in elicitations structured to control for confounding variables that could obscure the relation between tonal classes and the pitch contour. Strategies for controlling the confounding variables, such as blocking and randomization, are discussed. The two stages are exemplified using data elicited from the early stages of toneme discovery in Kirikiri, a language of New Guinea.


Models and assessment methods of anthropogenic risk are analyzed at this article, general basis of mathematical approach for risk analysis is disclosed. Based on multivariate statistic methods, algorithm of analysis for Siberian territories safety is formulated, it allows to define acceptable level of risk for each territorial group (cities with population density more than 70 000, towns with population less than 70 000, and municipals areas).