The paper deals with the problem of criminal law reaction to behavior of
 mentally ill, insane offenders who violate or threaten the criminal law
 protected values. To the preliminary question of whether the criminal
 reaction is generally justified in regard to quasi-criminal acts of mentally
 ill persons (which are not criminal in the true sense because they lack mens
 rea which is a constituent element of each offense), the answer is still yes.
 There are no other, more appropriate forms of social control, or other legal
 mechanisms that could more effectively than the criminal law, while
 respecting the safeguards that have become indispensable in criminal law,
 protect important goods of the individual or society from the harmful
 behavior of mentally ill persons. Although the entire criminal law is based
 on guilt and the subjective attitude of the offender towards the criminal
 offense for which he is exposed to the social-ethical reprimand, it is
 excluded in case of mentally ill, insane offenders and implementation of
 appropriate security measures. Capabilities of criminal law in performing a
 protective function relative to mentally ill offenders are certainly more
 modest than in case of perpetrators who can be held accountable. The entire
 general prevention (whether positive or negative) underlying protective
 function of criminal law, is almost inconceivable in relation to potential
 offenders who are mentally ill. Available options are reduced to detention
 and psychiatric treatment of the mentally ill offender. The application of
 security measures to insane, mentally ill persons is limited, therefore,
 mainly to certain aspects of special prevention. Even exercising social
 control through criminal law differs, significantly, depending on whether we
 talk about incompetent, mentally ill persons or those who have normal mental
 abilities.


In this modernity era, the government does a lot of development revitalization as well as revitalizing the New Dinoyo Traditional Market in Malang City. This traditional market improvement is intended to improve the welfare of traditional market traders and beautify the urban layout. The improvement of the Dinoyo market has actually been carried out for a long time which made the traders relocated to Merjosari Market, Malang City. After years of the project are completed, the Merjosari market is destroyed and traders are relocated to various markets such as the New Dinoyo Market which has been completed. However, the transfer of the market causes various kinds of socioeconomic problems. The purpose of this study is to find out how violence experienced by traders of the New Dinoyo Market, after being relocated to the New Dinoyo Market, Malang City. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with observation, interview, and documentation techniques carried out directly in the field. The results shows that the relocation of traders to the New Dinoyo Market has an impact on socio-economic violence on traders both structural and non-structural violence. Keywords-Socio-Economic Violence, Market, Traders,


This paper presents an optimal subband bit allocation based on a new rate distortion (R-D) model for multi-view image coding with disparity-compensated wavelet lifting. First, the distortion prediction of the reconstructed multi-view image with lifting scheme is presented. A new rate distortion model combining the exponential and power model is developed. Then, the analyzed prediction error and rate distortion model are used in the optimal bit allocation framework. The bit allocation framework allocates bit to all subbands with the goal to minimize distortion of the reconstructed multi-view images. Low-pass and high-pass subbands are compressed by SPIHT [4] with optimal bit solution. We verify proposed method with several test multi-view images. The results show that the bit allocation based on the proposed method provides close results to the exhaustive search in both allocated bits and PSNR. It also outperforms the uniform bit allocation over a wide range of target bit rate.


Two decades of intensive research have demonstrated that early Mars ([Formula: see text]2 Gyr) had an active sedimentary cycle, including well-preserved stratigraphic records, understandable within a source-to-sink framework with remarkable fidelity. This early cycle exhibits first-order similarities to (e.g., facies relationships, groundwater diagenesis, recycling) and first-order differences from (e.g., greater aeolian versus subaqueous processes, basaltic versus granitic provenance, absence of plate tectonics) Earth's record. Mars' sedimentary record preserves evidence for progressive desiccation and oxidation of the surface over time, but simple models for the nature and evolution of paleoenvironments (e.g., acid Mars, early warm and wet versus late cold and dry) have given way to the view that, similar to Earth, different climate regimes on Mars coexisted on regional scales and evolved on variable timescales, and redox chemistry played a pivotal role. A major accomplishment of Mars exploration has been to demonstrate that surface and subsurface sedimentary environments were both habitable and capable of preserving any biological record. ▪ Mars has an ancient sedimentary rock record with many similarities to but also many differences from Earth's sedimentary rock record. ▪ Mars' ancient sedimentary cycle shows a general evolution toward more desiccated and oxidized surficial conditions. ▪ Climatic regimes of early Mars were relatively clement but with regional variations leading to different sedimentary mineral assemblages. ▪ Surface and subsurface sedimentary environments on early Mars were habitable and capable of preserving any biological record that may have existed.


A new method for suppressing vibration in a rotating beam system of a helicopter is presented. The method uses a non-linear dynamics equation to compute actual natural frequencies using FFT, not based on nominal natural frequencies of linear dynamics. A design based on linear coupling may not take account of the effect of non-linear coupling in the system, so a conceptual controller design is also presented, and a detailed control algorithm is developed. In fact, this is a non-linear dynamics optimization problem.In a gyroscopic system, tuning of the flywheel allows a commensurable relationship to be established between the natural frequencies of the system, resulting in a strong coupling between the vibrating modes. Having established a strong coupling within the system, damping is introduced in the flywheel via an actuator, resulting in rapid vibration suppression. Numerical simulation demonstrates the efficiency of the modification.


A fair comparison of a multi-mode antenna array with a dipole array in terms of beamforming is presented in this paper. The comparison is based on the assumption of same array aperture and thus a different number of array elements. It is shown that this multi-mode array is able to outperform the dipole array for all scan angles. The reasons for this advantage are explored and discussed.


Small peptides selected from a library of 62000 chemically
synthesized peptides were able to recognize a monosaccharide specifically
and efficiently using both sandwiching and hydrogen bonding interactions,
much like sugar-binding proteins (lectins) with the appropriate orientation
of amino acid side chains.


Population plays an important role in regional economic development;population growth must be adapted to a certain level of economic development. In recent years,the economy of Shaanxi province has developed rapidly,but due to the large population base,the population scale will give the pressure on the future economic activity. The moderate population size of Shaanxi province from 2002 to2011 is calculated on the base period of 2002 with EOP- MM model,the result of the calculation shows that economic moderate population size of Shaanxi province is smaller than its actual size of population during 10 years,and there is a gap between them. The reason of the gap is analyzed from the level of industrial structure and labor structure,population size,population overall quality,an aging population and other aspects,and countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to narrow the gap and to increase the economic moderate population size.


Ten out of eleven male mice with proven ultrasonic obliteration of the8th to 10th thoracic cord segments, for as long as two months, showed no significant differences from control mice with respect to testicular weight, morphology and spermatogenesis. The significance of these findings is discussed. The following report deals with a study of localized spinal cord destruction andits effects on spermatognesis in the mouse; to our knowledge, the first such study performed on animals. Specificity of lesion location and absence of surgical traumahave been attained by the recently developed technic of focused ultrasound (1). Focused ultrasound was applied to the shaved skin overlying the 8th to 10th thoracic spinal cord segments of 56 male albino mice, three months of age. Fifteen to thirty doses of ultrasound were administered (frequency, 2.5 millicycles per second;intensity, 900 volts; pulse duration, 0.6 sec; pulse period, 1.0 sec)


Luminous supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) are sources emitting only low energy (soft) X-rays (between 0.9 and 2.5 keV). They have a characteristic blackbody temperature of a few tens of eV and a bolometric luminosity of about 100 undecillion erg/s. The radiation that these sources emit is highly ionizing and is readily absorbed by the interstellar medium (ISM). It is estimated that there are thousands of SSSs in the disks of ordinary spiral galaxies.


On the basis of results of Marotto,the definition of heteroclinic repellers is given,and it is proved that the heteroclinic repellers can also yield Marotto chaos.Furthermore,there are some relationships between this kind of chaos and transverse heteroclinic orbit.According to these relationships some sufficient conditions about chaos are obtained.


Cloacal pecking, in which a male pecks at the cloaca of a female, causing her to void sperm, was first described in the Dunnock (Prunella modularis), a species with a very complex group-breeding system (Davies 1983). It has been interpreted as a mechanism whereby males ensure paternity of a female's offspring by eliminating the sperm of previous mates. Comparable behavior has been observed occasionally in other species of birds (N. Davies pers. comm.), but its taxonomic range and ecological context are not yet clear. On 14 April 2000 at approximately midday, I observed a somewhat similar behavior between two Allen's Hummingbirds (Selasphorus asin) in a suburban backyard in Half Moon Bay, California. It was a bright sunny day, and the birds were observed from a window of the house from about 3 meters without


Let f: (Rn,0) → (Rp,0) be a C∞ map‐germ. We define f to be finitely, or ∞‐, A‐determined, if there exists an integer m such that all germs g with jmg(0) = jmf(0), or if all germs g with the same infinite Taylor series as f, respectively, are A‐equivalent to f. For any integer k, 0 ⩽ k < ∞, we can consider A' sCk counterpart (consisting of Ck diffeomorphisms) A(k), and we can define the notion of finite, or ∞‐,A(k)‐determinacy in a similar manner. Consider the following conditions for a C∞ germ f: (ak) f is ∞‐A(k)‐determined, (bk) f is finitely A(k)‐determined, (t) mn∞θ(f)⊂tf(mnθ(n))+ωf(mpθ(p)) , (g) there exists a representative f : U → Rp defined on some neighbourhood U of 0 in Rn such that the multigerm of f is stable at every finite set S⊂U−{0} , and (g′) every f′ with j∞ f′(0)=j∞ f(0) satisfies condition (g). We also define a technical condition which will imply condition (g) above. This condition is a collection of p+1 Lojasiewicz inequalities which express that the multigerm of f is stable at any finite set of points outside 0 and only becomes unstable at a finite rate when we approach 0. We will denote this condition by (e). With this notation we prove the following. For any C∞ map germ f:(Rn,0) → (Rp,0) the conditions (e), (t), (g′) and (a∞) are equivalent conditions. Moreover, each of these conditions is equivalent to any of (ak) (p+1 ⩽ k < ∞, (bk) (p+1 ⩽ k < ∞). 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 58C27.


NGC 5548 has been well spectroscopically monitored for reverberation mapping of the central kinematics by 19 campaigns. Using the maximum entropy method in this Letter, we build up a high-quality velocity-delay map of the Hβ emission line in the light curves of the continuum and the line variations observed between 2015 and 2016. The map shows the response strength and lags of the velocity fields of the Hβ-emitting regions. The velocity-delay structure of the map is generally symmetric, with strong red and blue wings at time lag τ ≲ 15 days, a narrower velocity distribution at τ ≳ 15 days, and a deficit of response in the core. This is suggestive of a disk geometry of the broad-line region (BLR). The relatively weaker Hβ response at the longer lags in the red side indicates anisotropic emission from the outer part of the BLR. We also recover the velocity-delay maps of NGC 5548 from the historical data of 13 years to investigate the long-term variability of its BLR. In general, the BLR of NGC 5548 was switching between the inflow and virialized phases in the past years. The resultant maps of seven years reveal inflow signatures and show decreasing lags, indicating that the changes in the BLR size are related to the infalling BLR gas. The other four maps show potential disk signatures that are similar to our map.


Underground object of one wavelength by one wavelength is reconstructed from the simulated measured fields in the air above the ground interface. By using the transmitting and receiving antenna separated about half a wavelength, one eliminates the direct coupling including the reflections from the interface and reconstructs the object from the fields scattered by the object. An iterative inversion method with the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm and simulated annealing are used for the reconstruction of high-contrast, large, and slightly lossy object in the presence of Gaussian noise in the measured field.


Shishibishio, a Japanese traditional seasoning, is made from fermented meat. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of neutrase 0.5 L alone or flavourzyme 500 L + neutrase 0.5 L on the acceleration of fermentation period and the improvement of nutritional value and sensory acceptance of the final product. The fermentation mixtures (moromi) were prepared by mixing ground pork with salt at one of three concentrations (15%, 20% or 25%), koji (rice fermented with Aspergillus oryzae) and pepper. To accelerate the fermentation of moromi, all treatments were added with neutrase at the begining, then adding with or without flavourzyme after one month. The results showed that neutrase or neutrase + flavourzyme mixture accelerated hydrolysis of meat protein during the fermentation of moromi. Yield, protein recovery, total nitrogen and free amino acid in shishibishio treated with enzymes were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of control, especially at 15% salt. The treatment treated with neutrase + flavourzyme was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in free amino acid as compared with treatment with neutrase alone, resulting a better sensory taste and smell, which was mostly accepted. Almost the shishibishio obtained after six fermentative months was acceptable seasonings having a good taste and no unpleasant smell.


Codfish held for 4 days on ice on board a dragger were filleted and the fillets were placed in two types of containers: (a) parchment-lined wooden boxes, (b) hermetically sealed plastic boxes. The boxes were stored at 0 C (32 F) for up to 8 days. Samples withdrawn at day 0, 4, 7, and 8 were analyzed for trimethylamine content and assessed for quality. The samples were also analyzed for total bacteria, total yeast and molds, lactobacilli, and anaerobic and facultative anaerobic spore- and nonspore-forming bacteria. The results indicated that the fish flesh had a total storage life of 10–11 days, regardless of packaging, and that the storage temperature of 0 C (32 F) was too low for the growth of anaerobic spore-forming bacteria.


Abstract. There are few works on the reproductive behavior of species of cribellate spiders. Even more scarce are studies of the reproductive behavior of representatives of the Desidae, such as the genus Metaltella Mello-Leitão, 1931. In this paper, we describe for the first time the reproductive behavior of Metaltella iheringi (Keyserling, 1891), a species that is characterized by complex genitalia in both sexes. We determined frequencies and durations of the behaviors in the different phases. Thirty virgin males were exposed to virgin females and the behaviors performed by each sex, as well as their frequencies, were recorded. Three phases were identified: pre-copulatory, copulatory, and post-copulatory. The most frequent behaviors were chelicera-palp rubbing, abdomen vibration and web-stretching by the male, and body-shaking and leg-tapping on the web by the female. When the male grabbed the female, she typically fell into a state of quiescence (the female remained motionless with legs in a semi-flexed position) and she remained so even after the male ended the copulation. Mating was characterized by low aggression by the female and a low incidence of cannibalism. In the post-copulatory phase, the male performed frequent behaviors such as abdomen vibration, sperm induction, and post-copulatory cohabitation. We discuss the possible implications of these behaviors in a pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection context. We also provide information that serves as a basis for future studies to understand the mechanisms involved in these behaviors.


How do politics and economics relate in motivating government decision making? There is an increasing focus on the role of contracting to provide public transit services. This book presents a detailed examination of the political process through and by which those decisions are made. The author explores who has supported and opposed contracting, what the processes are and how they are shaped by political factors, compared the political environment in sample cities and reveals how financially backed power plays are usually the dominant force overriding concerns for the best and most cost-effective transit services. While the author concludes that low-income neighborhoods, as well as taxpayers in general, frequently lose out, he also provide examples of success stories where labor, management, politics and economics can and do work together to provide viable transit services.


Comparative sedimentologic and petrologic analysis of well-exposed sections of the Morrison Formation on opposite sides of the Willow Creek fault zone, a Proterozoic basement structure that was periodically reactivated throughout the Phanerozoic, indicates that the structure was inactive and had little or no influence on deposition of the Morrison Formation during the lat-est Jurassic. Results of our study, coupled with conclusions of previous work that the Willow Creek fault zone formed the southern boundary of the Belt Island during deposition of the underlying marine Ellis Group, indicate that the duration of Willow Creek fault movement during the Jurassic was at least 20-26 m.y. The most compelling evidence against movement along the fault is the identical fluvial facies architecture of the Morrison in outcrops north and south of the fault; limited petrographic and paleoflow data indicate similar provenance and paleoflow on both sides of the fault, and thus no structural control as well. Three stratigraphic intervals, defined by diagnostic facies elements, constitute the Morrison in both sets of outcrops. The lower interval, which is conformable with the underlying Swift Formation, consists dominantly of greenish to tan, fine-grained deposits with subordinate, less than 3 ft (lm) thick, lenticular limestone beds and isolated sheet sandstone complexes. In contrast, the middle interval contains approximately equal proportions of broadly channelized, sheet sandstone bodies (average widthlthickness ratio = 6011) and fine-grained deposits that are mostly red and purple in color. The upper interval contains multiple ribbon sand bodies (average WfI' ratio = 1011) encased within a slightly higher percentage of multi-colored, fine-grained deposits. In both the middle and upper intervals, carbonate nodules occur throughout the fine- grained deposits but discrete limestone horizons are relatively rare. The Morrison Formation in the study area


Heavy metal water pollution is one of the most pressing environmental problems of the last decades. Wastewater from many industrial processes contain high concentrations of metals and have very acid pH. Thus, technologies to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions are costly or suffer deterioration when in contact with substances with acid pH. Natural zeolites have demonstrated to be a low-cost heavy metal adsorbent. This study aimed to determine basic parameters for efficient copper removal by aluminosilicates. A Zeolite was conditioned with concentrated H 2 SO 4 to further develop the experiments to test 12 equilibrium isotherms (Freundlich, Redlich-Paterson, Sips, Halsey, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Flory-Huggins, Langmuir, Temkin, Elovich, Fowler-Guggenheim, Henry's and Kiselev) and pHpzc. Maximum removal was obtained with neutral pH values; the Freundlich model had the best performance. The removal efficiency increased as the initial concentration of the solution increased. The pH value at the point of zero charge was 2.9. Keywords: Isotherms; Aluminosilicates, Metals, Freundlich, Numerical Simulations DOI : 10.7176/JEES/9-3-03 Publication date :March 31 st 2019


SUMMARY The chemical composition of fresh milk and evaporated milk of cow from both local and imported sources was determined. The imported types of fresh milk and evaporated milk contained over 3 % and 9 % butterfat respectively; these figures agreed with the label declaration. The locally-produced fresh milk samples were found to contain mean values ranging from 2·76 % to 7·50% for butterfat, 11'62% to 15·19% for total solids, 2·99% to 3'63% for protein and 0·59% to 0'62% for ash. Crossbreeds of Jersey and any of the local breeds of cattle produce milk of high chemical composition. Provisional communication. Received 2 Aug 72; revised 6 Apr 73.


Analysis of XRD and XRF,combined with sequential extraction experiment of sediments and saturation index calculation were conducted to understand the mechanism of arsenic release from sediments into groundwater.The difference in mineral composition distribution and characteristics between soil and sediments revealed the occurrence environment of minerals and the conditions for the formation of elevated arsenic groundwater.Detected pyrite reflected the reducing environment of aquifer.Arsenic bond to amorphous iron oxyhydroxides was the main species occurred in sediments.The reductive dissolution of iron oxyhydroxides was considered as the main geochemical mechanism responsible for arsenic mobilization.Chlorite was also a potential species associated with arsenic mobilization due to iron dissolution/release.


A device for performing balancing of a plurality of series-connected cells included in a module comprises: a first switching unit including cell selection switches connected to cells, respectively, included in a module and connecting a first cell to be balanced and a balancing unit; a second switching unit including cell selection switches connected to the cells, respectively, included in the module and connecting a second cell to be balanced and the balancing unit; a control unit to measure voltages of the cells and control operations of the first and second switching units and the balancing unit based on information about the selected first and second cells using the measured voltages; and the balancing unit connected to the first switching unit and the second switching unit and performing balancing between the first cell and the second cell selected by the control unit.


Computer simulation is a cooperative venture between researcher and information processor, but the processor''s role customarily begins too late. The researcher can benefit substantially by bringing the computer up into the earlier, creative phases of the simulation process. An on-line computer system that makes this possible is described.


A design concept to support both the initial planning and the management of land mobile radio networks with slow frequency-hopping signaling is proposed. It is applicable to the networks with advanced architecture of which the Pan European networks may be an example. The design consists of two planning processes: spatial and frequency planning. A novel heuristic is used to optimize the base station locations with respect to the total interference-to-signal ratio in a network. This ensures economic coverage of the network service area as well as efficient frequency reuse. A repeated application of the same heuristic to the currently measured and/or predicted data offers powerful means to manage a network in order to keep its resources highly available to their users, as is shown in a simulation example which includes not only sources of unintentional (cochannel, adjacent channel, and intermodulation) interference but also sources of intentional (jammer) interference. >


This research aims to find out and analyze the android-based mobile market segment specific attribute-based Samsung and Sony product surroundings undergraduate student faculty of Economics University of Jember. The population in this study is the student users of android-based mobile phone product Samsung and Sony in the Faculty of Economics with a focus on undergraduate student faculty of Economics University of Jember are active for the period of the academic year 2012/2013. The variables examined market segmentation variables android-based mobile phone products with the use of indicators of price, quality, performance, durability, brand image, features, design, model, specification, capacity and, collateral. Analysis tool used is a cluster Analysis. The results showed that: a) cluster 1 was the respondent selfishly attributes features, design and warranty. In order to reflect those attributes-attribute cluster 1 named "Cluster of products". b) Cluster 2 is the respondent selfishly attribute quality. In order to reflect the attributes that the cluster 2 is named "Cluster of quality". c) Cluster 3 is the respondent selfishly attribute of price, performance, durability, brand image, and capacity. In order to reflect the attributes that the cluster 3 is named "Clusters of excellence".


An increasing concern over the level of risk associated with hazardous materials transportation has led international efforts to focus on risk assessment at regional level. Following this trend, the aim of this work is to review the latest procedures for analysing the regional risks resulting from hazardous materials transportation by means of road and rail. In particular, two methodologies are reviewed and discussed, a method recently developed at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (1) and the strategy outlined by CCPS (2). The extent of these methodologies has been explored in order to find their advantages and disadvantages. As a case study this paper considers the transport of methanol from its production site to the port where it is going to be stored, obtaining risk results using at least one of the above mentioned methodologies.


The Metro Manila MRT-3 is an urban rail line strategically situated along EDSA, which connects the major business districts in the metropolis. Due to a number of factors, it has been facing congestion and unreliability problems for several years now, which may lead to productivity loss, health and safety risks and psychological effects for passengers. This research study aims to investigate how the MRT-3 commute affects passenger wellbeing, and examine the factors that explain why people still continue to use it in spite of its negative conditions. It clarified the extent of the problem in terms of actual conditions on level of service and air quality, and passenger perception on commuting and its effects by employing various data collection methods, including observation surveys, PM2.5 particle count monitoring survey and a questionnaire survey on commute characteristics and perception. It explored the role of mental adaptation on moderating the effects of commuting on passenger satisfaction and commuting stress. It also developed an evaluation framework for prospective countermeasures that considers actual and perceived conditions and how they impact passenger satisfaction. In Chapter 3, an analysis of the level of service at the MRT-3 showed that passenger waiting time has become long and variable at the roadside and platform as a result of a combination of operations policies, poor schedule adherence and excessive passenger demand, with some stations incurring longer waiting times that others. A comparison of travel times between MRT-3, ordinary buses and air-conditioned buses also revealed that the MRT-3 is the fastest among them in spite of the long waiting time. Chapter 4 tackled the air pollution problem in MRT-3 and buses along EDSA by investigating on passengers' PM2.5 exposure while commuting. PM2.5 particle counts were measured inside different public transport modes and MRT-3 stations over a 20-day period to determine the extent of the pollution problem and conduct comparisons between them. An intramodal comparison of PM2.5 particle count between five MRT-3 stations revealed that passengers are exposed to moderate to unhealthy levels of PM2.5 while waiting at the roadside and platform of stations, with one station having significantly higher concentrations than the others. Moreover,


background Infant research literature has described for a long time the main aspects of parentese (motherese and fatherese) referring to musicality and specifically to musical language. It is believed that there is a deep analogy between the vital affects experienced by the child during interaction with the parent and the type of parentese that is a direct representation of them. Disruption of parentese has been described in early autism. The aim of this paper was to achieve a better understanding of this disruptive process.


The kinetics of step polycondensation is described on the basis of the classical branching theory. A simple method is proposed for calculation of the average longest length (L) of the linear chain in a crosslinked molecule under arbitrary functionalities of original monomers. A viscosity of the system is represented as a product of a structure factor by a friction factor. The latter was taken as the Arrhenius exponent. The structure factor was chosen in the form of a power function of L. The method has been used for the approximation of the viscosity of phenol-formaldehyde resin in the course of curing by boron oxide. An activation energy of 11.8 kcal/mol was found by the method of a best matching of the structure factor for the different viscosity kinetic isotherms in the scale of a reduced time of the reaction.


This paper addresses the question as to how far music is experienced independently of the presence of sound. A number of musical examples are discussed in order to show that inner and mental forms of listening not only play a decisive part in the musical experience, but that they cannot be removed from the perception of any musical event. The conclusion is drawn that sound can never be perceived 'as such' but that it is always interpreted, extended and complemented by inner listening processes. The last chapter of this paper debates if the incitement of inner listening processes is relevant for electro-acoustic music, as the post-medium characteristics of the computer allow for a very nuanced application of sounds with referential qualities. Key aspects that are discussed are Auditory Imagery, Audiation, extrinsic and non-cochlear listening.


his paper is concerned with the technology of using the PARS English-Russian bi- directional machine translation systems in teaching English as a foreign language. This technology has no connection with the old form of computer-assisted language learning which uses «drill-and-practice» computer exercises and provides a sort of surrogate «electronic teacher». The main objective of the educational implication of PARS is to help the learner become familiar with the words in their normal contexts. The introduction of a machine translation system into teaching foreign languages is intended to get the most fruitful pedagogical results from the use of personal computers and expose the learners to the up-to-date information technologies.


Background: The tibial collateral ligament, also known as the medial collateral ligament (MCL), is a ligament extending from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the posteromedial crest of the tibia. The ligament is a broad and strong band that mainly functions to stabilize the knee joint in the coronal plane on the medial side Since MCL calcification is not a frequent knee pain manifestation, exclusion of other confusing clinical mimicries is of paramount importance. Here, in this report, we describe a well-circumscribed calcific deposit in the left femoral condylar attachment of MCL reported very rarely in the medical literature.
Case Report: A 37-year-old laborer presented to the Outpatient department with pain and flexion deformity of the Right knee for 6 months. He walked on a flexed knee with a limping gait.  A plain radiograph of the right was taken in AP and Lateral view which showed a massive well-defined calcification at the medial side of the knee joint. Considering the large size of the lesion, surgical treatment was chosen. Intra-operatively, as the MCL was involved a reconstruction was done using the semitendinosus tendon.
Conclusion: Chronic pain located at the medial side of the knee is not always osteoarthritic pain. Thorough clinical and radiological investigation with plain radiographs and MRI in some cases is mandatory. Calcification or ossification of the medial collateral ligament of the knee responds well to conservative treatment. Surgical resection is needed in some cases with larger lesions.


In this paper, we propose an automatic modeling method based on constructive grammar for building Chinese Huizhou traditional vernacular houses, which are famous and important examples of Chinese traditional architecture. The proposed method includes two steps: layout generation and feature generation. In the layout generation step, layout guidelines based on 2-D geometric rules are used to evaluate the layout result. In the feature generation step, a probabilistic network is used to generate the features for a single house while feature conflict penalty functions are used to generate the reasonable features for multiple houses. Both the layout generation and feature generation steps use the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm to search for the optimal solution. To increase the computational efficiency of the proposed system, the two steps are performed on a graphics processing unit device using a Monte Carlo sampler. Moreover, a dynamic probability strategy is used to perform the layout perturbation. The proposed method is easy to implement and extend. The experimental results show that the proposed method is practical and efficient. Non-expert users can rapidly generate reasonable Huizhou vernacular houses via simple and intuitive interactions with the system.


In recent years, sparse representation has been applied to multi-object tracking and shows promising performance. But existing methods often lead to considerable computation. In this paper, we propose a two-level hierarchical association approach to improve the accuracy and efficiency of online multi-object tracker based on sparse representation. We employ a time-saving affinity measure and a discriminative sparse representation classifier to handle objects with disparate and similar appearances, respectively. We also propose a novel strategy for track termination to protect the reliable tracks containing more detections and restrain the unreliable tracks at the same time. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art online methods.


Economic crime may be higher in areas such as Limhamn and Vastra hamnen, but these are crimes where the police usually do not need to launch massive raids, writes Ardavan Khoshnood, associate professor in emergency medicine at Lund University and criminologist.


This paper proposes two schemes to generate the multi-atom cluster states. The first scheme is based on the interaction of atoms with a highly detuned cavity mode and a classical field, the second scheme is based on the interaction of atoms with a cavity mode, strongly driven by a resonant classical field.


Abstract NUTRITIONAL encephalomalacia in chicks is attributed to the absence of α-tocopherol (AT) in chicks being fed a diet relatively rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids of the linoleic acid series (Machlin and Gordon, 1962). Adequate amounts of AT, or other biologically active antioxidants which are deposited in the tissues of the chick, can inhibit in vivo lipid peroxidation (Zalkin et al., 1960), and thus prevent the occurrence of the disease. The commercial rations for chicks, based on corn or sorghum, contain about 1.2% linoleic acid. The incorporation of waste vegetable oils (as customary in this country) raises this level markedly. Inadequate AT levels in chicks fed such a diet, be it as the result of low initial body reserves or due to low levels of dietary AT, could cause the onset of the disease. The development of the young chick in the early stages of its life depends to a great extent…


Microvascular reconstruction, in the oral and maxillofacial regions, is a widely accepted as the best way to overcome the complex oral cavity defects. Many patients requiring composite reconstructions have been treated previously with radiation therapy, chemotherapy, selective and/or functional neck dissection or any of these combinations. In many cases of these patients, inadequate neck vessels for the microanastomosis of free flap are available, due to a lack of recipient vessels in the neck, poor vessel quality or vessel caliber mismatch. To achieve a tension-free anastomosis, vein grafting must be considered to span the vessel gap between the free flap pedicle and the recipient neck vessels. Although most microsurgeons believed that interpositional grafts are to be avoided due to vessel thrombosis and increased number of necessary microanastomosis, we, authors have some confidence of equivalency between reconstruction with and without interpositional saphenous vein graft. The great saphenous vein, also known as the long saphenous vein, is the large subcutaneous superficial vein of the leg and thigh. It joins with the femoral vein in the region of femoral triangle at the saphenofemoral junction, and coursed medially to lie on the anterior surface of the thigh before entering an opening in the fascia lata, called the saphenous opening. For a better understanding of the great saphenous vein graft for the interpositional vessel graft in the oral cavity reconstructions, and an avoidance of any uneventful complications during these procedures, the related surgical anatomies with their harvesting tips are summarized in this review article in the Korean language


Model study on the synthesis of higher carbon sugars using the phosphonate approach is presented. A C 7 sugar phosphonate was reacted with a C 5 sugar aldehyde under mild phase-transfer conditions to afford the C 12 -α,β-unsaturated ketone. Proper functionalization of the internal C 3 -carbon bridge provided derivative suitable for differentiation at both 'ends', thus allowing to introduce the desired functionality either at the C-1 or C-12 positions.


A reflection on whether legal ethics must be concerned about the morality of lawyers, clients or the laws, is presented. The author argues that legal ethics has many concerns and the morality of several things will have to be considered in order to address these concerns. In addition, legal ethics must focus on the actions of lawyers and clients and not on who they are.


The intent of this work is to ascertain through analytical means whether a circularly polarized radiated field is possible for some antenna configuration with an ultrawideband (UWB) source. Consequently, the behavior of the radiated electric field from identical, thin, half‐wave, electromagnetically uncoupled, orthogonal dipoles in free space that are excited by a finite‐duration UWB voltage is studied. The zero‐order approximate solution for the current distribution along a dipole is used to permit easy calculation and interpretation of the time domain current and radiated far field. The far field is derived, and this result is applied to a finite‐cycle‐sine input (L cycles) to each dipole, where the carrier frequency ƒ0 corresponds to the dipoles' common length and the inputs are separated in time by 0.25/ƒ0. When the dipoles and the feed network are perfectly matched and the observation direction is broadside, the time domain field is extended in time to (L + 0.75)/ƒ0 with respect to the duration of the source L/ƒ0, and circular polarization occurs for (L ‐ 0.75)/ƒ0. For the UWB case (L = 1), the radiated field's duration is 1.75 times the duration of the source, and circular polarization occurs only for one quarter of the period of the source. When the dipoles and the feed network are not matched exactly, the field's duration is infinite, and circular polarization never occurs in the strict sense. However, if the feed network and the dipoles are approximately matched, the field is negligible after a time, and nearly circular polarization occurs.


The author discusses the specification of roadway lighting for the automobile driving operation. The relationship between an empirical measure of driver visual performance and a method for the quantification of visibility is explored in an effort to develop roadway lighting specifications based on visibility needs.


Video alignment is an important task for environments with distributed multiple cameras, making possible, for instance, to verify the exact instant that an event happened on different views. The alignment comprises establishing a temporal correspondence among frames captured by different video cameras. Many works have been proposed to solve this problem when the cameras present overlapping of Field of View (FOV) or are located close to each other. However, in this work, we present a novel approach to perform video alignment for cameras without overlapping FOV (i.e., the cameras might be located on different floors of a building). The method employs the sensor data generated by a smartphone (synchronized to a time server), to align multiple videos by finding a temporal matching between the videos which captured a person in the scene and the signal of the smartphone accelerometer carried by this individual, providing the exact time that a movement was performed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at performing such type of alignment. According to experimental results, the proposed approach was able to align multiple videos with a length of 30 minutes with errors as low as 160 ms.


Metalloenzymes are common in biology, with precisely folded polypeptide scaffolds that protect the metal center and create a binding cavity to bring the substrate and metal together. Although considerable effort has focused on trying to create artificial metalloenzymes that overcome the drawbacks of synthetic transition metal catalysts, such as the need for aprotic solvents and relatively high reagent concentrations, they have had limited success. Steven C. Zimmerman and co-workers make significant progress toward this goal in a new study, reporting a new class of artificial metalloenzyme that catalyzes the copper-mediated alkyne−azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click" reaction (DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04181). This new "clickase" is made of polyacrylamide-based single-chain polymeric nanoparticles that have an average of 10 copper binding sites apiece. Experiments showed that this synthetic metalloenzyme performs the CuAAC reaction with the highest efficiency reported to date. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest enzyme-like saturation kinetics in both alkyne and azide. Proof of principle experiments demonstrate that this clickase could catalyze this reaction on any of eight alkynylated proteins. It could also perform catalysis on cell surface glycans, significantly reducing the required amount of cytotoxic copper. The authors suggest that this approach could be extended to other catalytic reactions and even multistep synthetic transformations. Christen Brownlee


The dynamics of an adsorbate described by a two‐band generalization of the small‐polaron model [J. Chem. Phys. 95, 8599 (1991)] are investigated. Lattice induced mixing of the bands can result in the adsorbates becoming self‐trapped at one end of an adsorption site or the other. Tunneling between adjacent sites can either preserve or change the end of the site in which the adsorbate resides. The associated rates have very different temperature and mass dependences, and contribute to the overall diffusion in very different ways. The observed equilibrium and transport properties of the H/W(110) system can be consistently explained within our model.


SHINTIA CLARA. Marketing Strategy of Ornamental Plant (Case : I-Yon Orchid, Taman Anggrek Ragunan, South Jakarta). Supervised by TINTIN SARIANTI. Potential products ornamental plants has become one of the international commodities trade and export opportunities of Indonesian the potential of ornamental plant products that play a role in increasing the country's foreign exchange Indonesia. I-Yon Orchid is one of the ornamental plants company in Jakarta who needs to formulate a marketing strategy in order to take advantage of these opportunities and overcome the problem of product sales tend to fluctuate. The purpose of this study was the identification of internal and external factors, formulating marketing strategy and produce the formulation of marketing strategy in strategy plot. The analysis tool used is the SWOT Matrix and Architecture Strategy. SWOT Matrix Analysis generating five alternative architecture strategy generating marketing programs that are mapped to within the period starting from August 2017 to 2020 and plotted per year


With the development of economic globalization and the continuous progress of science and technology, the Internet has become an indispensable and important element in people's lives. Because more and more Internet users, many businesses found one of the opportunities, the implantation of advertising in the Internet is the era of information technology ad implantation of new forms. Although the "Advertising Law" in the legal provisions of the legal status of online advertising, but the release of online advertising in various forms, content is uncertain, very easy to drill "advertising law" loopholes. This paper mainly studies the hidden advertisements in online advertisements. Firstly, it explains the concept of network implicit advertisements. Secondly, according to the present situation of network hidden advertisements, it points out that the lack of advertising law under the regulation of network implicit advertisement, Reflections on Perfecting "Advertising Law".


This paper proposes an end-to-end story segmentation approach based on long short-term memory (LSTM) - recurrent neural network (RNN). Traditional story segmentation approaches are a two-stage pipeline consisting of feature extraction and segmentation, each of which has its individual objective function. In other words, the objective function used to extract features is different from the true performance measure of story segmentation, which may degrade the segmentation results. In this paper, we combine the two components and optimize them jointly, using an LSTM-RNN. Specifically, one LSTM layer is used to extract sentence vectors, and another LSTM layer is used to predict story boundaries by taking as input of the sentence vectors. Importantly, the whole network is optimized directly to predict story boundaries. We also investigate bi-directional LSTM (BLSTM) that can utilize past and future information in the process of extracting sentence vectors and story boundary prediction. Experimental results on the TDT2 corpus show that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in story segmentation.


Objective:Performance assessments based on in-hospital mortality for ICU patients can be affected by discharge practices such that differences in mortality may reflect variation in discharge patterns rather than quality of care. Time-specific mortality rates, such as 30-day mortality, are preferred but are harder to measure. The degree to which the difference between 30-day and in-hospital ICU mortality rates—or "discharge bias"—varies by hospital type is unknown. The aim of this study was to quantify variation in discharge bias across hospitals and determine the hospital characteristics associated with greater discharge bias. Design:Retrospective cohort study. Setting:Nonfederal Pennsylvania hospital discharges in 2008. Patients:Eligible patients were 18 years old or older and admitted to an ICU. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:We used logistic regression with hospital-level random effects to calculate hospital-specific risk-adjusted 30-day and in-hospital mortality rates. We then calculated discharge bias, defined as the difference between 30-day and in-hospital mortality rates, and used multivariable linear regression to compare discharge bias across hospital types. A total of 43,830 patients and 134 hospitals were included in the analysis. Mean (SD) risk-adjusted hospital-specific in-hospital and 30-day ICU mortality rates were 9.6% (1.3) and 12.7% (1.5), respectively. Hospital-specific discharge biases ranged from –1.3% to 6.6%. Discharge bias was smaller in large hospitals compared with small hospitals, making large hospitals appear comparatively worse from a benchmarking standpoint when using in-hospital mortality instead of 30-day mortality. Conclusions:Discharge practices bias in-hospital ICU mortality measures in a way that disadvantages large hospitals. Accounting for discharge bias will prevent these hospitals from being unfairly disadvantaged in public reporting and pay-for-performance.


Microarrays are widely used in biomedical research. However, researchers conducting the biomedical assays are often not skilled to perform the necessary biostatistical preprocessing of the resulting data. As a result, researchers with different backgrounds contribute to the analysis, but often without documenting how the data were transformed. For a biomedical research network on liver cancer, we implemented a prototype that has two major aims: First, it should guide biomedical researchers through the analysis of microarray data by providing a limited amount of appropriate choices for the biostatistical procedures to be applied. Second, it should help to ensure data quality by documenting all transformations applied to the data set.


Fast alkaline jump in aging uncoupled mitochondria results in the ATP synthesis. This process is completely inhibited with oligomycin and by 60-70% with FCCP. The NADH experiments have shown that mitochondrial membranes do not change their orientation during aging.


This poster addresses asynchronous device discovery problem in D2D communication. We preset Tic-Toc, asynchronous, autonomous device discovery and rendezvous protocol, which targets optimal trade-off between energy consumption and discovery latency.


Comparison of stratified and nonstratified seed demonstrated that at 25° C (77° F), as duration of stratification increased from 0 to 60 days, germination percentage also increased. However, an opposite effect occurred for seed exposed to alternating temperatures of 30/20° C or 25/15° C (86/68° For 77/59° F). There were no significant differences observed in the final germination percentage between seed stratified for 30 days and nonstratified seed. Stratification hastened germination and decreased the light required for germination.


Two new naturally occurring compounds, celaenodendrolide I{1}, a picrotoxane type of terpenoid, and ellagic acid-4-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-3,3'-dimethyl ether {3} were isolated from the stem bark of Celaenodendron mexicanum (Euphorbiaceae). Friedelin, friedelan-3β-ol, dihydroisohyenanchin, and (-)-(2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid were also obtained. The structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic evidence


In order to reduce the signal support length of burst transmission under low signal-to-noise environment,an approach of parallel pilot pattern is proposed in this paper. The channels are classified into two categories: Additive White Gaussian Noise channel and multipath fading channel. For the two categories of channels,pilot patterns and their functions are proposed respectively for short burst transmission. Simulations employed have verified the feasibility and performance of the proposed pilot patterns.


The relationships between the flavour and composition of half-cooked pressed Abondance cheese (Haute-Savoie, France) were studied under natural cheese production conditions on the basis of different pastures exploited by 3 producers. Cheeses manufactured from milk pro- duced from mountain pastures (M, n = 5, 1500-1850 m) were deemed to be more "fruity", "animal", "boiled milk" and "hazelnut" and less pungent and "propionic acid" than cheeses made from milk produced from valley pastures (V, n = 5, 850-1100 m). It was possible to partly attribute these differ- ences in flavour to the presence of protein-based volatile compounds in the cheeses. The V cheeses had a greater variety of flavours than the M cheeses. Cheeses from gramineae-rich pastures had the most intense "cooked cabbage" odours, related to the greater amounts of sulphur compounds in these cheeses. Terpenes, which are more abundant in cheeses produced from dicotyledon-rich pastures, did not contribute directly to cheese aroma. The differences in flavour between the cheeses manufactured by the 3 producers were of the same magnitude as those observed between different pastures used by a same producer. The origin of the volatile compounds in the cheeses - whether of microbial origin or from the feed - was discussed.


Back focal plane imaging spectroscopy is introduced to record angle resolved emission spectra of 3-dimensional colloidal photonic crystals. The auto-fluorescence of the colloids is used to quickly map the photonic band structure up to 72 % of the solid angle of a semisphere with the help of a high numerical aperture objective. Local excitation provides spatially resolved information on the photonic crystal's optical properties. The obtained fractional density of states allows direct conclusions on the crystal's stacking faults or defects.


Objective To investigate the effects of phenylacetic acid(PA) in combination with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU),cisplatin(CDOP) on apoptosis of laryngeal carcinoma cell line and the combination therapy in Animal models of tumor-bearing mice.Methods Observe the laryngeal apoptosis in the combined treatment group and the single drug group by the combined effects of phenylacetic acid in combination with 5-fluorouracil,cisplatin role in laryngeal cancer cells,flow cytometry and tumor-bearing mouse model and product the models of tumor-bearing mice to continue the animal experiment in vivo.Results The combined effects of phenylacetic acid in combination with 5-fluorouracil,cisplatin can significantly enhance the Inhibition towards the growth and proliferation of Hep-2 cells,promote the transformation of cell morphology,improve the role of pro-apoptotic The results of the models of tumor-bearing mice show that the combination therapy can reduce the dosage of chemotherapy and reducing resistance,reduce toxic side effect and complications.provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of laryngeal cancer.


In recent years, ultra-wideband (UWB) systems have been proposed for online monitoring of power transformers. This study aims at a new UWB-based method to determine the axial displacement (AD) extent in the transformer high-voltage (HV) winding. In the proposed design, two receiving antennas and one transmitting antenna are used. Two receiving antennas receive signals at two different positions due to axial displacement occurrence, and the displacement extent is determined using an analytical method known as hyperbolic method, which is based on signals time difference of arrival. The proposed method is initially studied by simulations using computer simulation technology software. Finally, the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method to detect the AD extent in an actual transformer winding.


AlyGa1-yN-based nanostructures have been fabricated by Molecular Beam Epitaxy and their properties as UV emitters investigated. The structure designs leading to shortest wavelength emission are presented. Quantum dot based LED properties are shown and discussed.


The Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP) model has been shown to exhibit many properties of human walking, and therefore has been the starting point for studies on robust, energy-efficient walking for robots. In this paper, the problem of gait variation during walking on the SLIP model is addressed by controlling the leg stiffness and the angle-of-attack in order to switch between gaits and thus regulate walking speeds. We show that it is possible to uniquely describe SLIP limit cycle gaits in fully normalised form. Using that description, we propose both an instantaneous switching method and an interpolation method with an optimisation step to switch between limit cycle SLIP gaits. Using simulations, we show that it is then possible to transition between them, after which the system converges back to zero-input limit cycle walking.


Abstract : The Surgeon General's Office over a period of years has undertaken an extensive research program into the chemistry, nutrition, and wholesomeness of food preserved by ionizing radiation. As one of the Surgeon General's contractors, the University of Colorado jointly with the U.S. Army Medical Research and Nutrition Laboratory has undertaken the studies of the wholesomeness of food preserved by ionizing radiation. Work on radiated food has been fairly well completed, although a possibility of long term human feeding tests on radiated food still remains. In the meantime, much work on physiological, metabolic, and nutritional research in normal young adult men has been going on making use of volunteer human test subjects.


The rising prevalence of allergic or intolerance responses for food containing specific cereals or their derivatives such as wheat, barley or rye has resulted in intense scientific research focused on providing gluten-free raw materials and products. As beer is mainly made from barley or wheat malt, this problem also appears in the brewing industry. The removal of harmful protein and the usage of gluten-free raw material are the two most typical routes to avoid gluten presence in beer. A raw material with great potential in brewing is buckwheat, which as a pseudocereal does not contain any gluten allergenic proteins. Although the scientific work has not so far led to brewing beer from 100% buckwheat malt without enzyme addition support – this raw material is still undergoing extensive investigation. However commercial buckwheat malts have appeared on the market, which the producers declare suitable for brewing. In this study Château Buckwheat (Castle Malting) commercial buckwheat malt was evaluated for its suitability for brewing. Malt grain analysis and the influence of buckwheat malt contribution in malt mixture on extract yield, viscosity and colour of congress worts were evaluated using RSM.


This paper analyses responses to a recent survey of senior commissioned police officers in Australia's eight public police agencies. The question schedule was based on that of an earlier survey of British Chief Constables conducted by Robert Reiner. This Australian version asked Assistant Commissioners and Inspectors about their careers in policing, their philosophy of the police role, their understanding of the causes of crime and public disorder, their broader social philosophy, and their views on police accountability and management. Responses are quoted at length in order to retain their flavour. Comparisons are drawn between the British and Australian responses, and between the responses of officers in different Australian jurisdictions. Of particular interest is the way in which the ubiquitous philosophy of community policing has solved some old problems while creating new difficulties for police managers. These new difficulties are analysed in detail.


Objective:To explore the clinical diagnostic value of three tumor markers CYFRA21-1,CA125 and NSE in lung cancer with different histological types.Methods:The electro chemiluminesence immunoassay was adopted to dectect CYFRA21-1,CA125 and NSE in the serum of 82 patieats with lung cancer,16 patieats with benign diseases and 40 health persons.Results:The levels of three tumor makers in lung cancer group were higher than those in the groups of benign diseases and health persons.The sensitivities of CYFRA21-1,CA125 and NSE were 61.0%,51.2%,34.1%,respectively.The sensitivity for combined detection was 85.4%.The highest sensitivity of CYFRA 21-1 for squamous cell carcinoma was 78.6%,CA125 for adenocarcinoma 75%,NSE for undifferentiated small cell cancer 66.7%.Conclusion: CYFRA21-1 CA125,and NSE are useful for the diagnosis of the lung cancer and histological type,especially combining detection of three serum tumor markers.


Defining the transition - the analysis of social change between market and industry - the social contours of lower Canadian "Capitalism" the theory and practice of ancien regime domination a discourse of protest - the patriotes decade 1828-1838 the rebellions and beyond.


Chemistry is a science fundamentally characterized by the ability of making its own study objects. Chemistry's unique sign language and representations of structural formulas are highly predictive tools. These aspects, together with the richness of qualitative models, make chemistry highly attractive for philosophical studies. However, philosophy of chemistry is, within the philosophy of science, a still relatively young discipline.


Ways are explored to increase the life and to reduce the cost of tyre-curing bladders by improving their mechanical and ageing properties. Nine formulations have been designed which involve the partial replacement of polychloroprene (PC) and castor oil (CO), both individually and simultaneously, by chlorinated paraffin (CP) in the butyl bladder compound. The compounds have been tested for various cure properties such as initial torque, minimum torque, scorch time, optimum cure time, cure rate, maximum torque and reversion time. The vulcanized samples have been tested for mechanical properties such as tensile stress at 300 % elongation, tensile strength at break, ultimate elongation, rubber deterioration by dynamic fatigue test and Shore-A hardness before and after ageing. The results show that tensile strength at break and ultimate elongation decrease, while tensile stress at 300 % elongation increase except in one case (when PC was partially replaced by CP). Simultaneous and individual replacement of CO by CP results in a decrease in hardness of up to 3 phr (base recipe CO 5 phr), whereas further replacement of CO by CP results in an increase in hardness. Tensile stress at 300 % elongation and Shore-A hardness increase up to a limit while tensile strength at break and ultimate elongation decrease with ageing.

© 2000 Society of Chemical Industry


A Laser Doppler multi-beam differential vibration sensor which has low sensitivity to the motion of the sensor itself has been developed. The application of the sensor for vibration imaging of buried objects has been demonstrated.


A series of three‐dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) Ce0.8M0.1Zr0.1O2(M=Cr, Sn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu) catalysts are synthesized and used in CO selective catalytic reduction of NOx. The results show that the NO conversion rate of 3DOM Ce0.8Cu0.1Zr0.1O2 catalyst at a lower temperature (150 °C) is close to 60 %. Besides, 3DOM Ce0.8Cu0.1Zr0.1O2 kept a stable NO removal efficiency within a wide range of gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and long reaction time and exhibited remarkable resistance to H2O and SO2 poisoning, both individually and simultaneously. At the same time, the formation of the 3DOM structure not only improves the reduction performance and surface active sites of the catalyst, but also forms more oxygen defects and Ce3+ in the catalyst due to the strong synergistic effect of metal ions and ceria, which improves the surface oxygen concentration of the composite oxide catalyst and further improves the catalytic activity. In addition, the doping of copper ions on the surface of the 3DOM Cu‐CZ catalyst can improve the activity of the catalyst and it can get trapped by CO to form Cu+‐CO, which plays an important role in the NO+CO reaction at low temperature. The existence of oxygen vacancy at high temperature is beneficial to the activation of O2 and the dissociation of NO in the process of CO oxidation. The reaction of NO+CO over 3DOM Cu‐CZ catalyst follows L−H and E−R mechanism respectively.


Tailoring of micro/nano structures and surface functionalization are key goals in surface processing of materials. A new technology for a unique geometric precise 2D micro/nano design of grain architectures is presented. By means of super lateral grain growth crystalline lattice patterns such as line-, dot- and cross-like patterns were generated. The grain dimensions may be selected between a few nanometers and about 10 micrometers. The phase and grain formation was characterized by Electron Backscatter Diffraction with regard to orientation distribution and texture formation. Furthermore, dynamic aspects of this laser induced recrystallization process are studied, such as the heat transport in the films, comparing the vertical with the lateral solidification velocities by two-dimensional finite element method (FEM) simulations. Finally, the mechanical properties of the tailored thin films have been determined using nanoindentation experiments.


Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling has been applied to examine the operation of the pre-ozonation system at Wiggins Waterworks, operated by Umgeni Water in Durban, South Africa. A hydraulic model has been satisfactorily verified by experimental tracer tests. The turbulence effect induced by the gas injection was modelled by increasing the level of turbulence intensity at the ozone contactor inlet. The simulated tracer response corresponded closely to the experimental results. The framework of ozone reaction modelling was subsequently investigated using values of rate constants from the literature. The predicted profile of residual ozone concentration suggests the current operating strategy can be improved to optimise the ozone utilisation. The wide range of values found in the literature suggests that the ozone reactions are strongly dependent on site-specific characteristics of the water. Further experimental work is required to determine rate constants which are applicable to water from the Inanda Dam.


An exchange matrix $B$ dominates an exchange matrix $B'$ if the signs of corresponding entries weakly agree, with the entry of $B$ always having weakly greater absolute value. When $B$ dominates $B'$, interesting things happen in many cases (but not always): the identity map between the associated mutation-linear structures is often mutation-linear; the mutation fan for $B$ often refines the mutation fan for $B'$; the scattering (diagram) fan for $B$ often refines the scattering fan for $B'$; and there is often an injective homomorphism from the principal-coefficients cluster algebra for $B'$ to the principal-coefficients cluster algebra for $B$, preserving $\mathbf{g}$-vectors and sending the set of cluster variables for $B'$ (or an analogous larger set) into the set of cluster variables for $B$ (or an analogous larger set). The scope of the description "often" is not the same in all four contexts and is not settled in any of them. In this paper, we prove theorems that provide examples of these dominance phenomena.


In renal insufficiency, uremic toxins accumulate throughout the body, predominantly in the tissues. Only a small proportion is present in the intravascular space. To be removed by hemodialysis, toxins have to move first from the tissues to the blood and then from the blood compartment of the dialyser to the dialysate. In highly efficient intermittent hemodialysis, removal of toxins into the dialysate is faster than the transfer of toxins from tissues to blood. As a consequence, concentrations of uremic toxins are temporarily higher in the tissues than in the blood and fluid shifts from the blood to the tissues. This frequently results in arterial hypotension due to hypovolemia even in the absence of ultrafiltration. By contrast, in continuous hemodialysis removal of toxins or water from the blood is always slower than their transfer from the tissue to the blood. Disequilibrium between tissues and blood does not occur and the procedure is better tolerated, particularly in cardiovascularly unstable patients (1, 2-5, 7). mittent HD (150 mg/dl) than in continuously treated patients (100-120 mg/dl) (2). Ultrafiltration rates in CAVH are generally 300-800 ml/h. An ultrafiltration rate of 500 ml/h represents a clearance of only 8 ml/min which is frequently insufficient to control renal failure in anuric and catabolic intensive care patients. In such cases intermittent hemodialysis has to be used in addition to CAVH. Effective continuous treatment modalities include CAVHD, CVVHD and CVVH where the dialysate flow rate and/or ultrafiltration rate easily reaches at least 1000 ml/h. A flow rate of 1500 ml/h may be preferred as this allows adequate control of uremia even if the treatment is carried out only for 15-18 h per day.


* Toxicological * fitoquimica * clinical symptoms * hematology ABSTRACT Objective: Determine the toxicological effects of «jincho jincho», «altamisa», «diente de leon», «huira huira» and «mishico» in Wistar rats. Design: experimental study. Location: The National University of the Altiplano Puno, Biological,Veterinary and Zootechnics Sciences Department. During 3 months we evaluated the sub-chronic toxicity of the rats, introducing 5 mg of pulverized substratum of every plant. The biological material: Wistar rats of both sexes and the 5 mentioned plants. Methods: For the identification of the secondary metabolites of the plants, we used the Phytochemical Screening method. For the toxicological tests we formed 1 control group and 5 test groups, the doses of 5mg/kg per day for 3 months were applied orally, the clinical observations and the corporal weight were realized daily. Results: In the phytochemical tests, we noted that «altamisa» had the highest level of alkaloids indicating that this plant is undesirable for consumption, producing unwanted symptoms. During the toxicological study, one laboratory rat of the «Altamisa» group died due to uterine prolapse. The clinical symptoms were distributed in the following way: The rats administrated with «altamisa» suffered uterine prolapse, orchitis and weight deficiency, «Mishico» caused sleepiness, «Huira Huira» caused eye irritation,»Jincho Jincho» produced edema in the area of the neck, «Diente de Leon» caused nasal irritation. The hemoglobin was lower in rats administered with «Altamisa». Conclusion: The oral administration of medicinal plants for three months, showed toxicity produced by the plant «Altamisa», catagorized as toxic due to the presence of more symptoms and alkaloids.


The definition of "epigenetics," initially coined by Waddington in 1942 [1], has evolved over the years [2-6]. However, what is widely acknowledged is that it pertains to processes influencing gene expression that are not based on differences in DNA sequences. If not exclusive to stable, heritable phenotypes [4], epigenetic regulation can cover a broad range of mechanisms involved in gene transcription. These include CpG methylation at the promoter region and modification of histones, both associated with chromatin condensation and the transcription machinery's activation. Various RNA species may also be regulated epigenetically through RNA methylation and the activities of non-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs) [7]. The importance of epigenetics in cancer is evident in the outcome of a PubMed search using the keywords "cancer epigenetics" (> 35,000 publications between 2010 and 2020). Indeed, many of the genes that drive cancer progression are epigenetically regulated through differing mechanisms [8-11]. Hence, epigenetic profiling proved to be a useful tool for the molecular classification of cancer [12]. Both molecular targets and resistance factors can be epigenetically regulated, prompting the interrogation of promoter CpG methylation as surrogate marker in cancer diagnostics. Furthermore, several drugs known to target epigenetic regulators (or epi-drugs) have been approved recently (or currently undergoing clinical trials), usually in combination with other drugs [13]. However, epi-drugs (e.g., inhibitors of histone deacetylases or HDACs, histone acetyltransferases or HATs, DNA methyltransferases, or DNMTs, EZH2, and bromodomain and extra-terminal motif or BET proteins) can modulate transcription at a genome-wide scale. Consequently, epi-drugs can cause unintended down-regulation of tumorsuppressive genes and upregulation of genes that can promote tumor progression and drug resistance (against the other drugs they may be in tandem with).


In this study, the problem of blind signal separation for coprime planar arrays is investigated. For coprime planar arrays comprising two uniform rectangular subarrays, we link the signal separation to the tensor‐based model called coupled canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD) and propose an improved coupled trilinear decomposition approach. The output data of coprime planar arrays are modeled as a coupled tensor set that can be further interpreted as a coupled CPD model, allowing a signal separation to be achieved using coupled trilinear alternating least squares (TALS). Furthermore, in the procedure of the coupled TALS, a Vandermonde structure enforcing approach is explicitly applied, which is shown to ensure fast convergence. The results of Monto Carlo simulations show that our proposed algorithm has the same separation accuracy as the basic coupled TALS but with a faster convergence speed.


The invention is applicable for the field of charging circuits and provides a constant-current and constant-voltage control circuit, a charging circuit and a charger, wherein the constant-current and constant-voltage control circuit comprises a constant-current and constant-voltage control unit. In the invention, the constant-current and constant-voltage control circuit adopts a feedback structure and carries out constant-current charging on a battery and then constant-voltage charging according to the detected battery voltage. With the structure, the constant-current and constant-voltage control circuit only has a low-frequency pole in the transitional process from the constant-current charging to the constant-voltage charging and thereby improving the stability of the transitional process.


The uncanny valley effect is being studied today mainly from the point
of view of psychology. In the present study, this effect is considered from the
standpoint of physical anthropology: an attempt was made to identify facial
features and proportions, facial indices that make the observer feel fear and
anxiety. Respondents will be asked to select the most sinister images of faces
belonging to robots, animated characters etc. A number of parameters will be
measured on the faces of the characters, which the respondents call the most
terrible. These parameters will be compared with the proportions of human faces
in order to find significant differences. In order to check the identified proportions
and indices, the presence of which on the face instills a sense of anxiety in the
observer, a sample of respondents will be presented for evaluation of images of
human faces that have been changed in a graphic editor (artificially endowed
with those proportions and indices that, as the first study revealed, give the face
creepiness).
Also, during the study, the connection between the uncanny valley effect
and such a mechanism for perceiving a visual image as the construction of a
perceptual hypothesis will be tested.


This study addresses the question of why spellings determined by morphology are relatively hard to acquire by presenting a latent class model of children's acquisition of a doublet of consonants in the spelling of Dutch verbs. This spelling pattern can be determined either by a phonological rule (after a short vowel, a doublet is spelled) or a morphological rule (doublets are spelled in past-tense forms). The results show that the youngest group of spellers identified by latent class analysis predominantly used an alphabetic strategy. They did not spell doublets at all. The latent class model further shows that the acquisition of phonologically determined spellings occurred at a lower average age than the acquisition of morphologically determined spellings. The latter led to overgeneralizations, and a U-shaped developmental pattern was found as a consequence of these overgeneralizations. Children over generalized doublets for different reasons. At younger ages, overgeneralizations of doublets occurred because children treated the doublet as a phonological alternative to the singleton, whereas at older ages, overgeneralizations of doublets were confined to homophones, indicating lexical effects.


The learning difficulty of students in mastering scientific concepts has been continuously prompted for the need to investigate this problem particularly in the topic Buffer Solution effectively and efficiently. It needs an instrument to diagnose the conception and the problems which caused the negative outcome. This study aims to develop the structured essay diagnostic test of the buffer solution using three main stages which are defining the content, obtaining information about students' misconceptions, and developing a diagnostic test. The data were used to develop two sets of questions about acid buffer solution and base buffer solution that arrange structured from prerequisite concepts to buffer solution concepts. This diagnostic test was validated by chemistry education and inorganic chemistry lecturers and was administrated to 242 senior high school students. This diagnostic instrument is valid and the reliability has 0.953 of Cronbach alpha reliability


Let L/K be a Galois extension of fields with Galois group G an elementary abelian p-group of rank n for p an odd prime. It is known that nilpotent ring structures A on G yield regular subgroups of the holomorph Hol(G), and in turn Hopf Galois structures on L/K. In this paper we describe these structures in two cases. If A^3 = 0 the corresponding regular subgroup yields Hopf Galois structures directly, without translating from Hol(G) to Perm(G). We determine the number of Hopf Galois structures that arise when dim(A^2) = 1, which yields a new lower bound on the number of Hopf Galois structures on L/K when $n = 4. We also look at the case when \dim(A/A^2) = 1.


A personnel turnover hypothesis involving the congruity of values between the individual and the institution was examined in 2 samples of reenlisted electronics personnel in the Navy. Each sample rated 10 values generally associated with naval service in terms of the importance of the values to them and the obtainability of the values in the Navy. In both samples, the ratings were highly reliable; and certain of the values were rated significantly higher than others. In both samples, the relationship between perceived importance and obtainability was essentially zero. The data neither refuted nor supported the original hypothesis; methodological considerations were discussed.


This article addresses the silences and anxieties provoked by the gendering of English Studies as a subject taught by men to women. I reflect on my own experience as a female student and lecturer within a subject that has been 'professionalized' by males. The geographical and social context within which I teach — the South Wales Valleys, a post-industrial, post-Devolution area with high male unemployment — offers particular challenges in relation to the teaching of women's writing. The few male students who take such modules often find their gender made 'visible' in ways which can provoke a range of behaviours suggesting anxieties about gender and class in relation to 'English'.


September/October 2011 Historically, traditional pre-lesson warm-ups in physical education have consisted of callisthenic exercises such as jumping jacks, pushups, sit-ups, and running laps, as well as static stretching activities. These warm-ups are used to increase core body temperature and to assist blood flow to the working muscles. Although the traditional warm-up is commonly used, there are some problems that have been identified with this practice. First, traditional pre-lesson warm-ups often become routine. If the same activities are performed day after day with little connection to the upcoming lesson or learning, students may lose interest and participate in off-task behaviors. Secondly, traditional pre-lesson warm-ups can take a great deal of time because many physical educators mismanage the time spent on it, which leads to less time for the rest of the lesson. Finally, research has indicated that a traditional pre-lesson warm-up consisting of low intensity aerobic activity followed by static stretching may not be beneficial in terms of preparing the body for more vigorous physical activity and as a result may be counterproductive to the goals of physical education (Cornwell, Nelson, Heise & Sidaway, 2001; Knudson, Bennett, Corn, Leick & Smith, 2001; Young & Behm, 2002). For example, one study compared the effects of three different warm-up protocols on specific variables of fitness performance in children. The first protocol consisted of five minutes of walking followed by five minutes of stretching. The second and third protocol consisted of ten minutes of dynamic exercises such as high knee walking, straight leg marching, lunge walks, and high knee skipping that progressed from moderate to high intensity; however, in addition to the ten minutes of dynamic exercise, the third protocol had each participant perform three drop jumps (participant stepped from a 15 centimeter box to the floor with both feet and immediately jumped to another 15 centimeter box placed 80 centimeters away) one minute after they completed the ten-minute bout of dynamic exercise. Following each warm-up session, participants were tested on the vertical jump, long jump, shuttle run, and v-sit flexibility test. Results indicated that participants' scores on the vertical jump test, long jump, and shuttle run declined significantly following the first protocol, which included static stretching, as compared to the second and third protocols (Faigenbaum, Bellucci, Bernieri, Bakker & Hoorens, 2005). Results from this study provide evidence that warm-ups consisting of aerobic exercise and static stretching may be less than optimal for preparing students for moderate to vigorous physical activity. In light of this information, this article will explore different approaches to pre-lesson warm-up activities that are beneficial in warming the body for exercise as well as being meaningful to students in a manner that encourages them to maximize their activity expenditures during pre-lesson warm-ups.


In a study involving 33 patients with initial manifestations of inadequate cerebral blood supply and in 22 patients with transient disorders of the cerebral circulation in the presence of atherosclerosis (n = 45) and atherosclerosis with arterial hypertension (n = 8) the authors studied the effect of intravenous administration of cavinton in combination with sulfocamphocain on the clinical manifestations and on the systemic (using the method of Evans' dilution) and cerebral (using Doppler ultrasonography) hemodynamics. It has been demonstrated that both a single intravenous administration of cavinton in conjunction with sulfocamphocain and a course of treatment with these drugs reduce the volume of the circulating blood, lower the stroke and cardiac indices, increase the linear velocity of blood flow along the carotid and vertebral arteries, and decrease neurological symptomatology. The authors discuss the questions related to indications for the administration of cavinton in combination with sulfocamphocain to patients with inadequate cerebral blood supply and transient disorders of the cerebral circulation.


For the purpose of quality control at one Slovenian automotive parts producer a system for luminance measurement based on digital camera was developed. The system consists of black chamber in which the measured specimen and the camera are placed. They are positioned very close to each other with the distance between them limited with the minimal focus distance of the camera which is about few millimeters. Such a short distance assures that in spite of rather small symbol on a car switch there is still enough information on the picture that the luminance of the symbol can be calculated. Special software automatically takes the picture, transfers it into the computer and analyzes it according to the car manufacturer standard. First the boundaries of the symbol are located on the pictures and then the measurement areas are found. In the next step, the luminance of the measured area is calculated. On one symbol two or three measuring areas are defined. If the luminance of the measuring areas is in the allowed interval, the switch is adequate to be mounted in a car, if not, the switch must be discarded. The result of the analysis (adequate, not adequate) is clearly stated on the screen. As whole measuring process is automatic no special knowledge is needed to manage the measuring system.


Using extensive African American community input, Black researchers developed the Behavioral Assessment for Children of African Heritage (BACAH). Information regarding its strength dimensions is published but not its behavioral and emotional problem scales. Rational (i.e., expert opinion and mathematical) procedures grouped BACAH problem item responses from 1,465 youth, parent, and teacher informants into eight cross-informant scales labeled Anxiety-, Attention/Hyperactive-, Conduct-, Depression-, Hypomania/Mania-, Oppositional-Defiance-, Self-Destructive-, and Reality-Contact-Problems. Data analyses showed no response bias across child gender, socioeconomic status, or age groupings, but bias emerged across informant type, referral status, and rating scale type (i.e., presence and magnitude vs. concern levels regarding problems). Item linking reduced this bias. Items on each BACAH scale discriminate well for problem levels they assess and capably measure children's problem levels, ranging from moderately below to above the mean. This study's foundation and findings provide professionals and their test respondents with culturally valid, user friendly, economical, and highly flexible, clinical/research tools to assess Black children's functioning.


Two groups recently deduced the positive value for the cosmological constant , concluding at a high (≥ 99%) confidence level that the Universe should be accelerating. This conclusion followed from the statistical analysis of dozens of high-redshift supernovae. In this paper this conclusion is discussed. From the conservative frequentist's point of view the validity of null hypothesis of the zero cosmological constant is tested by the classical statistical χ 2 test for the 60 supernovae listed in Perlmutter et al. 1999 (ApJ, 517, 565). This sample contains 42 objects discovered in the frame of Supernova Cosmology Project and 18 low-redshift object detected earlier. Excluding the event SN1997O, which is doubtlessly an outlier, one obtains the result: The probability for seeing a worse χ 2-if the null hypothesis is true-is in the 5% to 8% range, a value that does not indicate significant evidence againts the null. If one excludes further five possible outliers, proposed to be done by Perlmutter et al. 1999, then the sample of 54 supernovae is in an excellent accordance with the null hypothesis. It also seems that supernovae from the High-z Supernova Search Team does not change the acceptance of null hypothesis. This means that the rejection of the Einstein equations with zero cosmological constant-based on the supernova data alone-is still premature.


Working on various streams of literature concerning multinational and r e- gional development, a classification of potential linkages between big firms and local economies will be proposed. Then, building on a model of a strong local economy, that is the industrial district, a framework will be sketched in which different combinations of linkages are put in relation with different pools and degrees of strength of social capital and other local factors. The main thesis is that reciprocal positive linkages are more probable where and when the local (social) capital is neither too weak nor too strong. Some final remarks will concern the debate on policies fostering the develo p- mental role of multinational in local economies.


Through moving large volumes of rock for decades or even centuries from geological underground to surface, industrial scale mining invariably alters the natural local and regional hydrological conditions. Consequences include irreversible changes of flow gradients and water quality in aquifers and streams effected through dewatering, ground subsidence, acid mine drainage, etc. During their lifetime mines spent significant resources and energy on maintaining an ever-increasing diversion from natural hydraulic equilibria through pumping rising volumes of ingress water from ever greater depths, especially if operating below water-rich formations (karst) or in humid climates. Associated pumping costs may even lead to premature mine closure. In cases where complete flooding of closed mines is not an option (e.g. to protect water resources or infrastructure) such costs remain well after mines closed for as long as flooding restrictions apply. In large and densely populated regions in South Africa or Germany, for example, where mining succeeded in triggering urbanisation and self-sustaining economic development it is (currently) assumed that pumping will be needed forever. Accordingly, postclosure water management is no longer only a long-term liability but indeed a perpetual burden placed on future generations that had little direct benefits from earlier mining. This paper focuses specifically on possible ways of reducing perpetual postclosure water management costs specifically of using abandoned mines for generating and storing renewable energy. It discusses successful examples already implemented, concepts investigated but not yet realised as well as technologies that received little, if any, attention to date. The latter range from using mines (included flooded ones) for the storage of electrical energy via different technologies, harvesting geothermal energy from mine water and voids to different ways of transforming chemical energy contained in mine water into electricity.


This paper highlights the design advances that led to the design of the Titan 250 30000hp class industrial gas turbine. Any gas turbine is designed as a system, and in the particular case of the Titan 250, design features were defined after detailed evaluation of customer needs. In the oil and gas industry, features like high efficiency and low emissions have to be met, but a key requirement lies in achieving high availability, reliability and maintainability. In the paper, we will highlight specific, state of the art design procedures. Optimization strategies are discussed, as well as their verification with exhaustive testing.


A mobile phone is provided with the facility to lock/unlock its keyboard following the input of a locking/unlocking command. In the locked state, the phone stops scanning the keypad 113 and can only revert back to an unlocked state via the use of a release key. This stops the mobile phone from being woken up when a user accidentally depresses one of the keys whilst it is in sleep mode. locking/unlocking of the phone may be executed via the volume slider 115 or may alternatively involve the use of the hash key 116. The telephone may be programmed to automatically enter the locked state following a predetermined interval of inactivity. Saves energy by reducing keypad scanning power and preventing accidental transition from idle to active state.


In order to control the serious deformation of the surrounding rock in the deep mine roadway, the paper analyzed the support status of the deep mine roadway in Taoyuan Mine. In combined with the first support actual conditions of the deep mine roadway, the pa- per provided the secondary reinforced support design parameters of the mine roadway. With the analysis on the actual operation and the site monitoring and measurements, the results showed that the support conditions of the mine roadway was good which had highly improved the loading capacity of the support system and improved the stability of the support system for the mine roadway.


more general interest if educated to it; (3) the small minority, wellinformed, capable of thinking in broad terms of state and community planning, social legislation, and experimental projects. Individuals are, of course, capable of passing rapidly from the first to the second and to the third, and to become leaders in thought and action. With each of these groups a department of public welfare must keep continually in contact. The support of the last alone


: The construction industry has undergone a radical transformation in its design and documenta-tion process as it evolved from the days of the drafting board to today's Building Information Modeling process. Despite the progress, a paradox of designing 3D in 2D space remains, calling for new visualization technologies that leverage the use of information in construction. Augmented Reality (AR) is an emerging technology that can serve as an information aggregator and a data-pub-lishing platform, allowing users to view and interact with information while collaborating with others in real-time from remote locations. While AR holds the key to advance the construction industry, no research project has yet comprehensively investigated the holistic integration of AR in construction. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive map that provides a holistic framework to under-stand the integration of AR into the construction phase. To achieve the research objective, the paper identifies and describes 23 use-cases of AR in the construction phase, nine AR capabilities, and 14 AR potential benefits. Then, four AR applications in construction are explored, where the underlying use-cases are discussed and mapped as a function of their corresponding AR capabilities and potential benefits. These AR applications provide an example to illustrate the concept behind the comprehensive map. Finally, the map is developed by outlining the relationships between the identified AR use-cases, capabilities, and potential benefits. The findings of this paper are crucial for the AR implementation roadmap as it provides industry practitioners an understanding of the capabilities and benefits of integrating AR into construction tasks.


The 1:1 adduct intermediate of alkyl or aryl isocyanides and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates were protonated by acetic acid to produce dialkyl-2-(N-acetyl-N-(alkyl or aryl)carbamoyl)butandioate derivatives and dynamic 1 H NMR effects were observed in these compounds. The calculated free-energy of activation (1G2) for restricted rotation around the aryl- nitrogen single bonds in dimethyl-2-(N-acetyl-N-(2, 6-dimethyphenyl)carbamoyl)butandioate (3d) amounts to 58.2 ± 2 kJ.mol -1 with first order rate constant (k=189.3 s -1 ) at appropriate temperature.


Much is known about the Freedericksz transition induced by uniform electric and magnetic fields in nematic liquid crystals. In this work, we are interested in the effects of a spatially varying field on the transition. Specifically, we study the director configuration in a homeotropic nematic cell in a spatially varying magnetic field with cylindrical symmetry. The experiment is conducted with a ring magnet which provides a radial magnetic field with magnitude monotonically decreasing to zero at the center. The nematic cell is positioned in the central plane of the ring, with the cell normal parallel to the ring normal. Interference patterns of the nematic cell between crossed polarizers were observed. The director configuration in the nematic cell is modeled with Frank–Oseen theory, and the computed interference pattern from the simulated director field are compared with experiment. We conclude that if the magnetic field strength varies with position in the plane of the cell, there is no Freedericksz transition.


Artificial fish for computer animation is created with artificial life. In order to enrich perceptive abilities of artificial fish and exhibit vivid animation, a kind of virtual tasting perception system of artificial fish is proposed. Firstly, the tasting perception model in Intelligent Virtual Environment (IVE) is built. Secondly, two-layer recognition model of tasting perception is designed according to the biological mechanism of taste. The recognition of tasting information is achieved using fuzzy neural network (FNN). The result is satisfying in computer animation simulation. And the design of tasting perception system sets a good foundation for research on multi-perception fusion.