In snowy, cold regions, embankments constructed in winter may cause settlement and collapse of slopes in the thawing season in early spring. One of the reasons may be unavoidable suspension of the work due to work schedules while constructing an embankment during a cold winter. Accordingly, assuming such construction, a test construction was conducted in the winter season. For the constructed embankment, its inside temperatures and strength were measured. Also, after the embankment melted, it was cut open and the density and water content were measured. As a result, it was found that: (1) even in a 30-cm-high embankment, frost and moisture movement occur; (2) a frozen embankment is strong, but a non-frozen one is not strong; (3) depending on the embankment construction method, layered frost remains and the number of layers increases with the increase of construction days; and( 4) when the embankment freezes, the density and water content decrease.


The transfer of usufruct of rural residence base and the booming of the township property right house is a kind of market choice.There exist,according to the effect of value law and the objective requirement of the production factors of market allocation,positive correlations.Because of the forbidden area caused by relevant laws and policies,the means of evading law are adopted in daily life.So there also exist negative correlations.Following economic law is the necessary condition to exert positive correlations and perfecting relevant laws is the legal means to weaken negative correlations.


This paper characterizes the arbitrage‐free dynamics of interest rates, in the presence of both jumps and diffusion, when the term structure is modeled through simple forward rates (i.e., through discretely compounded forward rates evolving continuously in time) or forward swap rates. Whereas instantaneous continuously compounded rates form the basis of most traditional interest rate models, simply compounded rates and their parameters are more directly observable in practice and are the basis of recent research on "market models." We consider very general types of jump processes, modeled through marked point processes, allowing randomness in jump sizes and dependence between jump sizes, jump times, and interest rates. We make explicit how jump and diffusion risk premia enter into the dynamics of simple forward rates. We also formulate reasonably tractable subclasses of models and provide pricing formulas for some derivative securities, including interest rate caps and options on swaps. Through these formulas, we illustrate the effect of jumps on implied volatilities in interest rate derivatives.


Jiaxuan's Ci contains a lot of landscape images,mainly including three images: Dongshan,Nanshan and Qingshan. Dongshan signifies the ambition of the author to recover the country; Nanshan symbolizes depression of seclusion; Qingshan stands for the close friend in spirit. The water image in Jiaxuan's Ci is the product of fusion of emotion and historical view. Analysis of landscape images is helpful to the study of ideological contents and artistic characteristics.


Fluoride acquisition by the deciduous and permanent teeth of schoolchildren who consumed fluoridated water was studied during repeated topical applications in plastic mouth applicators of gel drops containing acidulated phosphate sodium fluoride. The fluoride acquired by the outer enamel from the topical treatments appeared to be permanently bound and progressively increased with the number of treatments completed.


Predicting yield at an early growth stage allows one to optimize the amount and timing of nitrogen fertilization to maximize crop yield. The aim of the study was to determine how different nitrogen doses would affect the nutrition of two maize varieties (Zea mays L.) with this element and their yields, and to demonstrate the potential of using the SPAD index as an early-stage predictor of dry matter yield (DMY) of maize biomass. The field experiment, with different pre- and post-sown N fertilizer doses, was conducted for two years in Poland. The two-factor experiment was set up in a randomized block design with three field replicates. There were four mineral fertilization variants: (I) 120 kg N·ha−1 without P and K fertilization, (II) 120 kg N·ha−1 + PK, (III) 160 kg N·ha−1 + PK, and (IV) 200 kg N·ha−1 + PK. The second-order factor was two stay-green maize varieties: Delitop (FAO 240) and Magitop (FAO 270). The mean values of the SPAD index of maize depended on the nitrogen dose. When the dose was increased from 120 kg·ha−1 to 200 kg·ha−1 with constant P and K fertilization, the value of the leaf greenness index increased significantly. The plants of both maize varieties fertilized with nitrogen at a dose of 120 kg N·ha−1 without P and K were characterized by the lowest values of the SPAD index, regardless of the year of the experiment. When the nitrogen dose was supplemented with P and K, the plants' nutrition with nitrogen improved significantly. The values of the SPAD index in the maize plants of the variety Magitop were significantly greater than in the plants of the variety Delitop. The coefficients of correlation calculated for both maize varieties were highly significant at all measurement dates. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the SPAD leaf greenness index can be used as an important, reliable, and non-invasive indicator for maize yield prediction. Nutrition of maize plants with nitrogen proved to be the main determinant of variability of the biomass yield. For this reason, it was the basis for the verification of individual mineral fertilization variants. The lack of phosphorus and potassium in the dose of mineral fertilizer limited the yield regardless of the variety, as compared to the variant that was optimally balanced with the nitrogen dose.


Simulation, PIV data, and local models show characteristics and conditional statistics of turbulence either side and within interfacial layers [ I ] depending on the mean profile and the presence of resistive/porous walls. We consider well-developed inhomogeneous horizontal turbulent shear flows in the x direction lying beneath very thin outside interfacial shear layers [ I O ] located at z = z I, that separate the region [ S ] with strong turbulence from an outer region [ O ] region of weak turbulence and low shear ([2,6,9,13]). There are also gradients of mean and fluctuating concentration C in these regions and within the layer. Where the [ S ] region is a turbulent boundary layer above a rigid, impervious surface at z =0 or a porous rigid surface lying below z =0, internal interfacial shear layers [ I S ] form near z =0, and in some cases also within [ S ]. In the shear region S below the interface, the mean velocity is ⟨ u 1 ⟩ with significant mean shear Ω =d ⟨ u 1 ⟩ ~ Δ U L / L below the interface, which is comparable to the large scale strain in the turbulence, Σ u '/ L , where U L is the characteristic change of the mean velocity across the scale L of the shear layer and u ' is the rms turbulence. Note that Δ U L u '~( τ S ) (1/2) , where S is the Reynolds stress.


Purpose of the study: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are osteoinducing proteins which play a primordial role in bone repair. To obtain optimal mineralization in vivo, high doses of heparin binding growth factor must be used. Studies have demonstrated that functionalized dextranes (FD) present affinity for heparin binding growth factor. We studied the capacity of dextrane derivatives to interact with BMP-2 and potentialize its biological activity in vitro. Material and methods: Different soluble FD were obtained by random substitution of carbosymethyl (CM), benzylamide (B) and sulfate (Su) groups on native dextrane chains. Gel electrophoresis was used to study the affinity of the anionic FDs for BMP-2. The effect of polymers on osteoinduction activity of BMP-2 was evaluated by histochemistry. ALP (an early marker) synthesized by mypoblasts C2C12 were dosed seven days after injection in presence of BMP-2 associated or not with polymers. IN addition, expression of osteocalcin (late marker) was quantified by RT-PCR. Results: Electrophoresis demonstrated that DMCB and DMCBSu interacted with BMP-2. These interactions appeared to increase with B level but decreased with Su level. We worked with FD1, a DMCB with a high affinity for BMP-2. The ALP activity was clearly potentialized when BMP-2 was associated with heparin and even better with FD1. Expression of osteocalcin was also amplified with the FD1-BMP-2 association. The influence on the biological activity of BMP-2 of FD, presenting different degrees of substitution, was also tested. Only FDs containing a high concentration of B expressed affinity for BMP-2, potentializing the biological activity of the protein. Discussion: Dextanes functionalized with a high rate of benzylamide substitution interact with BMP-2 while sulfate substitution limits such interaction. Only FDS which interact with BMP-2 can potentialize the protein's biological activity in vitro. Two hypotheses can be put forward: i ) FD presents BMP-2 to its receptor cell, ii ) FD protects BMP-2 from proteolytic degradation or capture by antagonists. The capacity of FD1 to potentialize the biological activity of BMP-2 could be a way of reducing the quantity of growth factor needed for optimal bone repair.


MIMO based communication protocols have been proposed for energy conservation in wireless sensor networks. In this paper we present an energy efficient clustering framework. We implement a hierarchical clusterhead selection algorithm which chooses the clusterheads and the cooperating nodes to achieve high energy gains in cooperative MIMO communication. The algorithm selects the clusterhead on the basis of residual energy of the nodes. The reclustering approach ensures minimum disturbance in the network. The local communication within a cluster takes place via SISO. Each cluster is led by a clusterhead. The clusterhead and cooperative node forward data to the routing clusterheads via 2x2 MIMO. The data is further relayed via MIMO until it reaches the base station.We evaluate our proposed scheme on the basis of analytical and simulation results. The results show significant energy conservation if packets are routed via hierarchical MIMO.


The correlation between compression conditions at temperatures in the range of 573–773 K with strain rate range of 0.002–2 s−1 and grain size after solution heat treatment (SHT) of 6061 aluminum alloy, was investigated. It is concluded that the grain coarsening occurred under specific Zener-Hollomon parameters of 108~2×1012 s−1. This phenomenon could be explained by crystalline orientation analysis and stored deformation energy evaluation. Small Z parameter condition could get low stored strain with fine grains which were stable during SHT. High Z parameter condition could get high stored strain, so a lot of small recrystallized grains were formed after SHT. Effect of Cr and Zr contents on the grain size of 6061 aluminum alloy was also investigated. Grains were fine when 0.34 mass%Cr or 0.17 mass%Cr and 0.14 mass%Zr were added due to pinning effects of Cr bearing dispersoids and Zr bearing dispersoids to grainboundaries.


In this paper, low-complexity linear parameter-varying (LPV) modeling and control of a two-degrees-of-freedom robotic manipulator is considered. A quasi-LPV model is derived and simplified in order to facilitate LPV controller synthesis. An LPV gain-scheduled, decentralized PD controller in linear fractional transformation form is designed, using mixed sensitivity loop shaping to take — in addition to high tracking performance — noise and disturbance rejection into account, which are not considered in model-based inverse dynamics or computed torque control schemes. The controller design is based on the existence of a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function — employing the concept of quadratic separators — thus reducing the conservatism of design. The resulting bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) problem is solved using a hybrid gradient-LMI technique. Experimental results illustrate that the LPV controller clearly outperforms a decentralized LTI-PD controller and achieves almost the same accuracy as a model-based inverse dynamics and a full-order LPV controllers in terms of tracking performance while being of significantly lower complexity.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


OBJECTIVE To understand the three kinds of commonly used disinfectants polyvidone iodine(Iodophor),glutaraldehyed and symclosene(trichloroisocyanuric acid) effervescent tablets to eradicate the Staphylococcus aureus strains in hospital infectin(20 strains) vs its standard strains and their effect in order to get the actual experimental evidence for sterile application.METHODS A suspension quantitative bactericidal test was used.RESULTS For the standard strains of S.aureus the eradication rate of 500 mg/L polyvidone iodine,2000 mg/L glutaraldehyed and 1000 mg/L symclosene was 100.0% after 1.5 3 and 1 min,respectively,vs 10 min when 50 mg/L polyvidone iodine,125 mg/L glutaraldehyed and 125 mg/L symclosene used not only for standard strains but also for hospital infection strains.CONCLUSION In clinical applications,the appropriate time of action of disinfectants must be exterded if their concentration is diluted to achieve the eradicating effect on S.aureus in order to prevent the hospital infection.


From a global view no sector within the food producing chain has grown so fast as aquaculture production business during the past four decades. However this development can neither be observed for Germany nor for the Federal State of Lower Saxony. In Germany aquaculture production is mainly practised in small-scale hand-craft professional and semi-professional fish farms as well as on hobby and angling association sites. Fish epizootics may have a severe negative impact on aquaculture production yield. In order to protect humans, aquaculture animals and the productivity of aquaculture governmental instructions have been introduced which aim at the prevention and control of notifiable fish diseases. In the course of the implementation of the Council Directive 2006/88/EC authorisation and registration of aquaculture production business is required. A gapless estimation of all fish farms within the area of responsibility should be achieved. The risk level of all authorised aquaculture production business has to be determined. Germany as well as the Federal State of Lower Saxony are not free of the notifiable fish diseases VHS, IHN and KHVD. With regard to the incidence of outbreaks and the impact on the production yield the salmonid disease VHS and the carp disease KHVD are of greatest importance over here. Within the scope of this study it could be confirmed by means of a census of fish farms between 2001 and 2008 that aquaculture production business in Lower Saxony is characterised by a large proportion (60,5 %) of hobby sites. 69 (6,0 %) re-spectively 68 (5,9 %) of the aquaculture production business operators from a total of 1.143 fish production sites indicated that they are operating professional respec-tively semi-professional farms. Farm structure data confirm that aquaculture business in Lower Saxony is practiced almost exclusively in small-scale hand-craft fish farms. However the method of census carried out by the competent authorities does not allow concrete statistical statements with regard to the development and the state of aquaculture in Lower Saxony. Compared to the census carried out be-tween 1983 and 1995 considerably less data could be gathered now. Therefore an underestimation of aquaculture production business must be presumed. One of the reasons for this might be some degree of reluctancy of fish farmers with regard to the transparency of their farm data. However in the course of the German Fish Epizootics Control Regulation a uniform regulation and method for estimation of all aquaculture business in Lower Saxony is indispensable. Basic conditions for this have been established based on the knowledge of this study. The Commission Decision 2008/896/EC provides a simplified method to determine the risk level of aquaculture production business by non-linear risk group classification. Within the scope of this study a risk model has been developed for linear estimation of the risk level. A total of 75 Lower Saxony fish farms have provided data in order to estimate their risk level using this calculation model. Having regard to different weightings of several risk factors the risk level has been calculated in a linear way. It can be concluded that in spite of the complexity of the risk factors this calculation model is well suited for use in practice and that in comparison to the method according to Commission Decision 2008/896/EC the results of this modelling correspond better to the actual risk level. Furthermore as a result of this study a different weighting of the risk of introduction and the risk of spreading of disease must be highly recommended. Within the frame of this study a proportion of 70 % has been assumed for the risk of introduction and a proportion of 30 % has been assumed for the risk spreading of a disease. This linear calculation model is flexible and weightings can be changed whenever it is necessary due to actual knowledge. The analysis of the animal epizootics database TSN© showed in case of epidemiological data on VHS, IHN and KHVD that the yearly incidence of VHS in Germany decreased since 1995. However the relative proportion of VHS-outbreaks in Lower Saxony tends to increase during the same period of time. In case of KHVD and compared to the world-wide epidemiological data on this disease many outbreaks have been notified in Germany according to the pertinent regulations since 2006. In that context it is important to mention that reporting of KHVD outbreaks in ornamental fish populations is carried out consistently. The incidence of KHVD outbreaks in koi carp populations is descending distinctly since 2007. However this development is not observed for food carp, although the incidence of KHVD-outbreaks in food carp populations is much lower compared to koi carp populations. Control of KHVD is impaired due to the fact that as a rule ornamental fish trade business as well as garden ponds are not obliged to carry out self-monitoring measures and are not under official surveillance. Therefore it is of great importance to have a clear separation between ornamental fish and food fish aquaculture. Furthermore a high seroprevalence of KHV in carp farms and natural waters cannot be ruled out. However KHVD has not been detected in food carp pond culture in Lower Saxony until now. Compared to VHS and KHVD the salmonid disease IHN shows a much lower incidence in Germany as well as in Lower Saxony. In many cases infections with IHN however tend to show no clinical signs of disease and therefore a high risk of not recognising the disease exists. The data evaluation of the epidemiological data base TSN© showed that the route of disease introduction could not be confidently determined for most of the VHS, IHN and KHVD outbreaks. Most of the cases where information on the route of disease introduction has been provided were dealing with purchasing live fish. As a result of this study it must be concluded that in case of fish epizootics the method of collecting epidemiological information in the animal epizootics data base TSN© has to be adopted to the special characteristics of aquaculture production business as well as to the special characteristics of fish epizootics in order to allow statistical statements. Finally with regard to the potential of Lower Saxony aquaculture business in relation with the development of fish epizootics and the existence of fish epizootics regulations it can be concluded that traditional pond fish culture as well as intensive aquaculture may only develop over here if the fish farmer in Lower Saxony make serious joint efforts to optimise biosecurity and farm management and to minimise the risk of introducing diseases. Political and regulatory conditions must be established in order to enable and support the development of aquaculture in Lower Saxony.


Objectives To identify the clinical, pathological, or therapeutical factors which could influence the prognosis of uterine sarcoma patients. Methods 134 cases of uterine sarcoma (US) were retrospectively reviewed. Results The overall 2 and 5 year survival rates were 54.44% and 43.60% respectively. 79 out of 134 patients (58.96%) relapsed. Univariate analysis showed that: (1) Patients whose age over 50 had a better survival than those under 50( P =0.0001).(2) Menopause was correlated significantly to the survival ( P =0.0001).Premenopausal patients had a better survival than those postmenopausal cases. (3) Survival depended on surgical stage. The survival rates of stageⅠ and Ⅱ were higher than those stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ( P =0.0056). (4)Survival depended on the histopathology of the tumor. The survival for mullerian mixed mesodermal sarcoma was worse than that for leiomyosarcoma and endometrial sarcoma ( P =0.0011). (5) Extended surgery had no significance to survival ( P 0.05).(6)Interventional radiology adjuvant chemotherapy (IRAC) after surgery improved the prognosis( P =0.0015).The prognostic factors based on multivariate analysis were menopause status ,surgical stage, and IRAC. Surgical stage was the most significant prognostic factor ( P =0.0004). Conclusion The prognosis of US is significantly related with menopause status, surgical stage and adjuvant chemotherapy. IRAC can reduce the recurrence rate and improve the survival rate.


CAD (Computer Aided Design) is a main course in colleges, but in the traditional teaching methods it8 professionalism and its character of high practicality are often unable to be properly highlighted in order to achieve the effectiveness of teaching. In this paper, the problems in CAD teaching were analyzed, and specific countermeasures were proposed, which was the reasonable configuration of teaching factors by adopting "Director of product designers" teaching mode for improving the students ability of practice and solving problems.


The work presented in this paper aims to study the impact of a range of penetration levels of distributed wind on the operation of the electric power system at the transmission level. This paper presents a case study on the power system in Independent System Operator New England. It is analyzed using PLEXOS, a commercial power system simulation tool. The results show that increasing the integration of distributed wind reduces total variable electricity generation costs, coaland gas-fired electricity generation, electricity imports, and CO2 emissions, and increases wind curtailment. The variability and uncertainty of wind power also increases the start-up and shutdown costs and ramping of most conventional power plants. Keywords-distributed wind; bulk power system operations; production-cost modeling


The authors comment on Dabirikhah and Turner's [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100, 3442–3445 (1996)] treatment of their dispersion curve techniques.


In the last few years new types of welding electrodes have been evolving on the market: flux-cored wires (FCW) and metal-cored wires (MCW) are replacing solid wire in the standard gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. These new types are produced by using various metal and/or mineral powders to fill a tube or a rolled strip before drawing to diameters equivalent to those of solid wires used for GMAW. Using this technique the benefits of the slag systems process and easy variation of alloying concepts known from the shielded metal arc welding (SMA W) process can be applied to the very economical GMAW welding process, with additional advantages in the welding behaviour. This paper explains briefly the production technology and possibilities of nickel -base cored wires and deals with the influence of different niobium/carbon-ratios on the hot cracking susceptibility and mechanical properties, especially in nickel-base 70/20 and 70/15 weld metals. Using the PVR-hot-cracking test facility and tensile testing an optimum Nb/C-ratio could be found to minimize the hot cracking susceptibility at requested mechanical properties. The results achieved by the use of different nickel-base cored wire weld metals will be set out in relation to those achieved with the SMAW and the solid wire GMAW processes. T.I.e. BULLETIN N° 130 JUNE 2007 T.I.C. Member Survey 2007 results: Products available from firms which responded len 1::0 £ 1::0 (1) 1Qi' I/) 1:0 ~ 1:0 ~ (ij (1) (1) (1) -0 Qi'-6 .;: -0 (1) -0 -0 (1) ro I ~ i .Q ti ~ g ~ g ~ I:= I~ ro-o 0 () c: ::J ro ~~ leT. ~ g~ :0 o ro ro m e8 -0 :0 =C: . ~ (1) . S!~ 'E 0 ~1 2 E -0 . S!~ "E2 ro ~ § E I/) ~ Ic. :o ~ ~ ii 1:0 ~~ gro (1) ro ro ~ E ro ro ~ g en en .8 E ro -0 ::J ~ -="E E ~ -0.0 ~~ c: ~~ = 0 on ro g c: 0 (1) ~ 'Q)B :§ ~I ~ ~.8 ro ~ ::J ::J '(3 E ::J ~¥ .9 (1) ~Ig ~ (1) l~ c: en (1):2 .rg'c (1)-0 () 0 If) Q) 2ro c: ~~ c: en '0 '0 I ,,=, I ~2g -0-0 ~ ~2 g en 0 ~~ ~ 'x Q) ~ ~ ~ E E 2g o 0 o 0 'll5 E'0 I/) -0 x aj ai a> g ~ e aiai ai If) ~~ -01/) ~~ ::J ::J ~~ ~(5 ~~ ro o c I~ ~ ·c e ::J 0 '0 '0 -0 (1) :e ~ E E ' E 'c 'c 0.0 (ij(5 r~ ~~ 0 :S~ E . ~ 0 I/) -0-0 ~~ '0 If) E ::J o15lg "0 ~~ 32~ <+=£ 'x 'x 'x £8 ~:e ::J ::J ~~ ~ o 192 o 0 I'~ ' ~ 'E 'E ~ ' '0 rl ~:& 0 'x 'x ~ E o 0 0 :Oro . ~ . ~ 'E 'E .!:: E c::l 0 ~ Q) c: 0 0 E () E ~ ~ (,) E:g :0:0 c: () ii .!:: E .0 . 0 ~ ~ W en ~ o ~ ~~ I~I~ . ~ . ~ ::J E § § E E ro~ rl E o 0 ro ' , E I ~ § § § E E .8.8 E~ :C '~ E E E E ' (j) .2 ::J ::J ::J-o ~~ ::J ro . ~ . ~ ;t .~ E ::J 5 E E E E E ::J ::J ~ (f) <i ~ Ig Q) J~ .>: ro ::J ::J ::J ::J en ro mm mm ~~ -0 .~ ~I.Q o'Q) :619 = ::J ::J ::J ::J ::J ~~ ~~ mm o (1) I'§ .§ en '0 '0 (f) E:0:0 :0:0 .0 ro (1).0 e e :0:0 ~:g :0:0 :0:0 ~'8 Q) ~2 ~c ~c cc cc ro.D ~~ -",.0 CC (/) := 3: 3: ro 0 c 0 o 0 0 0 .Q (5 &~ .S: ro x 0 CD Q) () 0 o 0 o c o 0 o 0 ~~ ro c ro ro ro o 0 0 bl~ Company 0:::0 Cl..(f) (f)~ Fu ZZ ZZ ZCl.. ~~ ~~ ~u c::l0 ~z ~< u.u. u.Z zz zz z~ :i:z ZZ ZZ ~~ ~~ U« 00 Ou. Cl..Cl.. A&M Minerals and Metals X X X X XX XX X A&R Merchants XX X X XX XXX XX XXX Alfred H. Knight International Advanced Material Japan X X XXX X XXX XXX XX X X X X XX X X Anglo American Brasil X Angus and Ross ATI Wah Chang X XXX XX XXX XXX AVX XX CBMM X XX XX X X XX OM Chemi-Met X X X Ouoluoshan Sapphire Rare Metal XX XX X X X X X XX XX X XX X X XX XX X XX X Elite Material Solutions XX X X X Exotech X X X X X Firadec X Gestion lamgold-Quebec X H.C. Starck GmbH & Co. KG (Germany X XXX XX XXX X XXX X X X XX XX XX XX X H.C. Starck Inc. (U .S.A.) X XXX X X XXX X XXX X X X XX XX XX X X X H.C. Starck Ltd . (Japan) X XXX XX X X X X XXX X X X XX XX XX XX X H.C. Starck Co ., Ltd. (Thailand) X XXX X X X X X X XXX X X X XX XX X X XX X Hi & M Corporation X XXX X X Industrial Fluminense X XX X X Jiujiang Tanbre Smelter X X XX XX XX XX XX X · X XX X X XXX X X X X XXX XX XXX XX X Kemet Malaysia Smelting X Mamore Minera<;ao e Metalurgia Metal Do Metherma X X Mitsui Mining and Smelting XX XX X X X NEC Tokin Ningxia Nonferrous Metals XX XX X XX XX X Niotan Noventa X Plansee Plazaminerals X X Reading Alloys Rittenhouse International Resources X XX XX XX Simmonds (Metal Trading) X XXX X Solikamsk Magnesium Works X XXX X XXX Stapleford Trading X X XX X X Thailand Smelti~and Refining X Trademet X XX X X Treibacher Industrie XX XX X W.C. Heraeus Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide XX X X X XX XXX X X X XX X X X X XX X XXX X XXX X XXX XX X XX X X XXX XX XXX XX XX X X


LOctober 19, 1928.] Case of Primary Carcinoma of the Vagina.-A. C. PALMER, F.R.C.S.Patient, aged 24, had complained of a constant blood-stained disebarge for two months. Inspection revealed an ulcer 11 in. by 1 in. on the posterior vaginal wall, just within the hymen. Histological examination proved the condition to be a solid, trabecular, squamous-celled carcinoma. Treatment consisted in local removal, with the idea of using radium at a later date. Three months later the patient was found to have a large malignant ulcer on the anterior rectal wall, with infiltration. Radium was inserted, but she died about two months later.


This paper presents a new evaluation and performance comparison of a reliability-based iterative decoder for Generalized LDPC codes with BCH subcodes, using Soft-Input Soft-Output (SISO) Chase algorithm, compared with the same algorithm employing Hamming subcodes. While the single-error correction code with length n is accorded a preference over the double error correction one with length 2n (in terms of error performance over AWGN channels), this article shows that the GLDPC code with BCH subcodes surpasses the Hamming-based one under nearly the same overall code rate. It also converges in less than half the number of iterations compared to different corresponding Hamming-based soft-decision decoding (SDD) systems. As a case study, Gallager-based global LDPC code is applied and the decoder is considered over AWGN channel. The simulation results are showing the performance against the code block length, number of iterations and Chase algorithm parameters.


Penile reconstruction following cancer resection has long been a challenge due to demand for both aesthetic and functional preservation. Although various methods have attempted to achieve both goals, none have succeeded entirely. In this report, we introduce a novel reconstructive technique on a 64-year-old patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the glans penis. The technique consisted of two staged procedures. First, a dermal substitute, consisting of bovine collagen, was sutured onto the defect after partial glansectomy and three weeks later, the integrated dermis was covered with autologous non-meshed partial thickness skin graft. Use of this dermal substitute in a staged fashion allowed for ability to await final pathologic margins prior to definitive reconstruction and increased dermal thickness. After 9-month follow-up, sexual function returned within 3 months and the patient remained healed. We found this technique to be useful in concurrently preserving penile function and cosmesis. Future studies should include more patients and longer follow-up.


Social graphs abound with information which can be harnessed for numerous behavioral purposes including online political campaigns, digital marketing operations such as brand loyalty assessment and opinion mining, and determining public sentiment regarding an event. In such scenarios the efficiency of the deployed methods depends critically on three factors, namely the account behavioral model, the social graph topology, and the nature of the information collected. A prime example is Twitter which is especially known for the lively activity and the intense conversations. Here an extensible computational methodology is proposed based on a graph neural network operating on an edge fuzzy graph constructed by a combination of structural, functional, and emotional Twitter attributes. These graphs constitute a strong algorithmic cornerstone for engineering cases where a properly formulated potential or uncertainty functional is linked to each edge. Starting from the ground truth in each individual vertex, the graph neural network progressively computes in an unsupervised manner a global graph state which can in turn be subject to further processing. The results, obtained using as a benchmark a recent similar graph neural network architecture along with two Twitter graphs, are promising.


The paper introduces the technique of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) and the limitation of many developed retrieval system, attaches much importance to the mechanism of relevance feedback(RF), which is introduced to break the limitation. The RF looks on the customers as a part of retrieval system and retrieves again according to the feedback information of customers to improve the accuracy of retrieval. And it analyzes three kinds of RF and elaborates on the time sequence characteristic of image retrieval system with RF.


This paper analysed investment performance about modernizing breeding swine farmer of Shuan-gyashan stockbreeding Ld. company. The results showed that investing rate of return was 20.82%, net present value of finance was 658.45 × 104 yuan,earning rate of financial interior was 31.56%, investment recovery period was 3.97 years, rate of utilization about productive capacity was 41.61% when input equaled output. The result indicated that this project investment was quickly recovered and had higher profit. The production of swine can successfully endure market risk and there was a little risk of management. This project was a keeping item of high profit.


The design of methods useful for the preparation of viable glands and cells from the gastric mucosa allowed detailed studies on the mechanisms that regulate gastric acid secretion. The preparation ...


This paper presents new approach to using Partial Discharge (PD) data for the prediction of the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of dielectric materials undergoing breakdown. The method presented uses a thermodynamic macro-model in conjunction with an artificial neural network to associate the features in the PD data detected during breakdown to the electrical tree characteristics. The method is presented using electrical tree simulation data from a new dielectric breakdown simulation model. The simulation model is confirmed using experimental data.


In this work, a switched‐beam 2‐element multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system is proposed at mm‐wave bands for 5G applications. The antenna system consists of a 4 × 4 connected slot antennas for each MIMO element forming the connected antenna array (CAA). A feed network based on a Butler matrix is used to excite the CAA, in addition to steer the beam at different locations which enhance the diversity performances. The mm‐wave MIMO antenna system operates at 28 GHz with at least −10 dB measured bandwidth of 830 MHz (27.4 GHZ–28.23 GHz). It is fabricated on a commercially available RO3003 substrate with dielectric constant of 3.3 and height of 0.13 mm, respectively. The dimensions of the board are equal to 150 mm3 × 100 mm3 × 0.13 mm3. The proposed design is compact, low profile, and suitable for future 5G‐enabled tablet PCs.


Gossypol resin is formed as a secondary waste product during distillation of fatty acides isolated from cottonseed oil soap stocks; it is insoluble in water but soluble in products of petroleum distillation. For fractionation, gossypol resin was saponified with caustic soda or caustic potash. Using this method, the resin was separated into unsaponifiable (21-24%) and saponifiable (76-79%) parts. Details of the individual fractions of gossypol resin are presented. The unsaponifiable fraction contains hydrocarbons, alcohols, beta-sito-sterol, beta-amyrin, and vitamin E. The fatty acid fraction of the resin is a mixture of fatty acids and lactones.


The embedded real time operation system μC/OS-II is employed for industrial process control in pressure detection and control system in this paper. Ihe method is reported that the embedded real time operation system is used in the MCU C8051F041 based on soc configuration ,and the proportion control method with PID contol method is also used in the system, therefore, the fast responsibility of the system is improved ,and the dependability and the ability of real time of the system is advanced


In this paper it aims to develop a dynamic structural analysis of a building with band beams destined for offices and homes, using SAP 2000 program, achieving an adequate response to the dynamic stresses building and respecting the considerations raised by the Ecuadorian Standard Construction NEC - 2015.
The methodology followed in the dynamic structural analysis of the building is to measure the static and dynamic loads to which the building will be submitted, seismic loads the deemed by design spectrum in which to define it is considered that the building will be located in the seismic zone IV with a coefficient equal to 0.4 g z a soil profile type E according to NEC-2015, then a pre-design each of the structural elements based on different criteria established will be held and finally the mathematical modeling in the SAP 2000 program which will help us in building analysis was performed.
Once the analysis of the building axial forces, shear forces and moments on each structural element for the combination of critical load, just as the final sections will be obtained for each of the structural elements are obtained which guarantee a good behavior under seismic loads. It was also verified that it is complying with the considerations which stipulates the Reporting Standard Construction on the maximum story drifts, which should not exceed about 0.02 when it comes to concrete structures.


ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the association between children and adolescents' body composition with family income. Methods Cross-sectional study, participants between 5 and 19 years were included. A standardized questionnaire assessed socioeconomic variables. The outcome variables were z-score of Body Mass Index and bioimpedance parameters (skeletal muscle mass, fat-free mass, and fat percentage) and predictor variables (age, sex, race, place of residence, father's education, birth weight and breastfeeding) were analyzed using the quantile regression model and data from the 50th percentile are presented. The tests were bidirectional and the differences were considered significant with p<0.05. Results Among the 529 participants included, 284 (53.6%) were female and the mean age was 11.41±3.9 years. The Body Mass Index z-score was the only outcome that did not show differences between sexes (p=0.158). In the crude model, lower family income was associated with lower skeletal muscle mass (Difference=-7.70; 95% CI -9.32 to -5.89), p<0.001), lower fat-free mass (Difference= -13.40; 95% CI -16.40 to -10.39, p<0.001) and the lowest percentage of fat was associated with lower family income (Difference= -5.01, 95% CI -9.91 to -0.11, p=0.027). The z-score of BMI was not associated with family income. Conclusion Family income is directly associated with lower fat-free mass, fat percentage, and skeletal muscle mass in children and adolescents.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the secure publishing of XML documents, where a single copy of an XML document is disseminated and a stated role‐based access control policy (RBACP) is enforced via selective encryption. It describes a more efficient solution over previously proposed approaches, in which both policy specification and key generation are performed once, at the schema‐level. In lieu of the commonly used super‐encryption technique, in which nodes residing in the intersection of multiple roles are encrypted with multiple keys, it describes a new approach called multi‐encryption that guarantees each node is encrypted at most once.Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes two alternative algorithms for key generation and single‐pass algorithms for multi‐encrypting and decrypting a document. The solution typically results in a smaller number of keys being distributed to each user.Findings – The paper proves the correctness of the presented algorithms, and provides experi...


This article discusses issues related to the regulation of the application of a petition to a suspect, an accused to conclude a procedural agreement, as well as the conditions specified in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, and analyzes the points of view of scientists on controversial aspects of regulating this stage of concluding a plea agreement.


This paper presents results obtained when comparing the performance of a solar water heating system equipped with flat plate solar collector panels of numerically identical surface area but of different geometric configuration. Data was obtained inside a laboratory using a solar simulator consisting of an array of halogen lamps. The amount of heat acquired from collectors of solar energy depends primarily on the surface area that is exposed to the solar irradiance. However, the geometry of the collectors (such as vertically long, horizontally long, square or equal sides) was thought of affecting the amount of heat harvested. The experimental work tested specially manufactured flat plate solar collectors (provided by a local manufacturer). All three panels had identical collector's surface area but different geometrical orientation and were individually attached to a typical solar water heating system. The circulation of the water from the panel to the geyser was due to the self-induced thermo-syphon effect. The average solar radiation intensity was measurement on the collector's surface and, six thermocouples were inserted inside the tank at different levels to measure the water temperature on an hourly basis during the test period (7 hours per day for two consecutive days). The results obtained indicated that the system's thermal efficiency was best when the square collector was used. A dimensional analysis using the Π Buckingham method that was performed on the parameters affecting a flat plate solar collector yielded three dimensionless numbers that can lead to a power law relationship enhancing solar water heating systems' design.


This medical manipulator is provided with: a manipulation member that is connected to a treatment tool and actuates the treatment tool by driving; a treatment tool-side drive shaft for driving the manipulation member by rotation about the shaft axis; an actuation amount detection member connected to the treatment tool; a treatment tool-side detection shaft rotated about the shaft axis by displacement of the actuation amount detection member; a drive unit-side drive shaft which has a drive section for generating a drive force, is provided to a drive unit, and engages with the treatment tool-side drive shaft to transfer the drive force to the treatment tool-side drive shaft; a drive unit-side detection shaft which has a detection section for detecting the amount of displacement of the actuation amount detection member, is provided to the drive unit, and engages with the treatment tool-side detection shaft, the rotation of the treatment tool-side detection shaft being transferred thereto; a shape determining section for determining the shape of the treatment tool to be a predetermined actuated state of having been actuated by a predetermined actuation amount; and a phase setting section for setting the phases of the treatment tool-side drive shaft and treatment tool-side detection shaft in the direction of rotation.


Based on the heat and mass transfer theory and characteristics of the FLUENT software, a three-dimensional numerical simulation platform composed by user defined functions had been developed to simulate the thermal performance in a natural draft wet cooling tower. This platform was used to study a typical hyperbolic natural draft wet cooling tower with different fill types. The variations of the flow and temperature field in the cooling tower caused by the two different methods of fill were investigated. It is found that the outlet water temperature will decrease due to the non-uniform fill depth. The non-uniform fill depth is beneficial to increasing the efficiency of the cooling tower.


The success of fibre cement manufactured by the Hatschek process is largely due its formation in thin paper like films that are placed one on the other until the desired sheet thickness is reached. Formation of the sheet by this means distributes the reinforcing fibres in two dimensions taking best advantage of the reinforcing fibres to increase the in-plane strength of the sheet. Thus the strength of sheets made in this fashion is approximately 50% greater than sheets formed to full thickness in one action in the filter press process.


____________________ Abstract ___________________________________________________________________ Military Academy has just changed its learning management from the lesson hours system to a semester credit system and is searching for a suitable model. This study is intended to analyze the existing learning management, to develop a suitable model based on the semester credit system, and to measure its applicability. This study adopts a research and development design. The data are collected from informants, events and documents by using interviews, observation and documents, and analyzed by reduction, display and drawing conclusion. The results of the study show that the learning management based on the semester credit system in Military Academy is currently implemented by using three basic patterns, by maintaining the ranks and levels of the cadets, by providing Study Plan Cards and Study Results Cards, by using effective information technology, academic supervision and academic guidelines. The applicability tests show that the developed learning management model is effectively implemented. There are some weaknesses of the developed learning management so improvement on administration and information technology should be made. It is suggested that stakeholders should make some adjustment, provide an acceleration program for the cadets with GPA of more than 3.5 and adapt the curriculum with recent


In the present study nanostructured Cu(Mo) compound with 15 weight percent Mo was produced by mechanical alloying using a planetary ball mill. The milling operation was carried out in hardened chromium steel vial and balls under argon atmosphere with a constant ball to powder ratio of 10:1. The structural evolution and characterization of powder particles after different milling times were studied by X-Ray Diffraction, SEM observation and Microhardness measurements. The results showed the displacement of broadened Cu peaks to lower angles, because of dissolving Mo in Cu. The final product was a nanocomposite contains nanocrystalline Cu(Mo) supersaturated solid solution matrix and dispersion of nanometric Mo reinforcements. The microhardness of formed nanocomposite increased to 350HV because of grain refinement, formation of solid solution and dispersion hardening.


Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a group of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) with a heterogeneous pathophysiology and unclear role for intestinal parasitic infections. Objective: The aim of the current study was to detect the relationship of parasitic infection with malnutrition among cases of IBS. Patients and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted and included 120 children in age from 5 to 15 years old attending the outpatient clinics in October 6 University Hospital and Primary Healthcare centers with GIT symptoms suggesting IBS. All cases subjected to medical evaluation, anthropometric assessment and stool analysis. Result: The study revealed that 68/120 (56.7%) of IBS cases had parasitic infection (Group A) with Giardia lamblia stages is the most frequent one (25/68 samples, 36.7% of group A, and 20.8% of total IBS case). IBSdiarrheic type (IBS-D) was the predominant subtypes (54/120, 45%) and associated with parasitic infection (P-value <0.05) that wasn't observed in other subtypes. The most frequent form of malnutrition according to the Egyptian Z score was overweight (19/120, 15.8%) of IBS cases and no cases with undernutrition or obesity. No significant relation between parasitic infection and malnutrition in IBS (P-value >0.05) for all parameters. Conclusion: Parasitic infection is common among cases of IBS and associated with diarrhea. Overweight is the most frequent form of malnutrition in cases of IBS even in presence of parasitic infection that revealed no association of parasitic infection with undernutrition in cases of IBS.


We study statistics of first passage inside a cone in an arbitrary spatial dimension. The probability that a diffusing particle avoids the cone boundary decays algebraically with time. The decay exponent depends on two variables: the opening angle of the cone and the spatial dimension. In four dimensions, we find an explicit expression for the exponent, and in general, we obtain it as a root of a transcendental equation involving associated Legendre functions. At large dimensions, the decay exponent depends on a single scaling variable, while roots of the parabolic cylinder function specify the scaling function. Consequently, the exponent is of order one only if the cone surface is very close to a plane. We also perform asymptotic analysis for extremely thin and extremely wide cones.


Flanders has experienced a dramatic decline in the total fertility rate in recent years from 2.3 children/woman in 1968-72 to 1.75/woman in 1978-82. An analysis of data from the 2 most recent fertility surveys in the Flemish region (1975-76 and 1982-83) indicates that there is a trend toward greater planning of pregnancies. Planned mistimed and unwanted pregnancies decreased by 9% 49% and 57% respectively in the 1972-82 period. 1/3 of the decline in total fertility in this decade was caused by the decrease in unwanted pregnancies 44% was attributable to a decrease in the number of mistimed pregnancies and the remaining 23% was due to the decrease in planned conceptions. The proportion of pregnancies resulting from failed contraception fell from 32% to 10% in the 1972-82 period while the proportion attributable to nonuse of contraception declined from 9% to 6%. Also noted in this period was an increase in the proportion of intervals in which highly effective methods of contraception were used from 21% to 44%; at the same time use of rhythm and withdrawal fell from 41% to 18%. As a result of growing acceptance of effective modern methods of contraception the 1-year failure rate fell from 11% to 2% during the 1970s. Survey data on estimated future use contraception suggest that the total fertility rate will decline during the 1980s from 1.75 to 1.65 with 15-20% of this 6% drop attributable to a decline in unwanted pregnancies.


Some statistical characteristics of completely random mappings and of random mappings with an absorbing or an attracting centre are calculated. Results are applied to validation of some phenomenological models of computer simulations of dynamical systems.


In this paper we perform 3D face tracking on corrupted video sequences. We use a deformable model, combined with a predictive filter to recover both the rigid transformations and the values of the parameters that describe the evolution of the facial expressions over time. To be robust, predictive filters need a good observation of the system's state. We describe a new method to measure, at each moment in time, the correct distribution of an observation of the parameters of a high-dimensional deformable model. This method is based on bounding the confidence regions of the 2D image displacements with affine forms, and propagating them into parameter space. Using Lindeberg's theorem, we measure a good Gaussian approximation of the parameters in a manner that avoids many of the traditional assumptions about the observations' distributions. We demonstrate in experiments on sequences with compression artifacts, and poor-quality video sequences of Lauren Bacall and Humphrey Bogart from the 1950s, that, without any learning involved, our method is sufficiently robust to extract information from degraded image sequences. In addition, we provide ground truth validation.


The aim of our study was to evaluate left ventricular (LV) systolic function in a team of elite rugby players using new echocardiographic techniques: Tissue Doppler, two-dimensional (2D) Speckle tracking and threedimensional (3D) echocardiography. Material and Method. Twenty six male athletes from the regional rugby players' team were evaluated. The team was divided in two groups of athletes based on the predominance of dynamic aerobic or anaerobic effort performed: thirteen of them (group 1) anaerobe effort, the others thirteen (group 2) aerobic effort. All athletes underwent a complete physical exam, complete 2D and 3D transthoracic echocardiographic exam at rest. Standard 2D measurements, Tissue Doppler parameters, 2D speckle tracking global longitudinal strain (2D GLS) and 3D global longitudinal strain (3D GLS) were evaluated. Results. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups of athletes. Those in group 1 had higher body mass index (BMI) (p=0.002), left atrial area (LAA) (p=0.006), 3D left ventricular enddiastolic and endsystolic volume (LVEDV3D and LVESV3D) (p=0.006 respective p=0.011), 3D left ventricular mass (LVMass3D) (p=0.002), pulse Doppler diastolic A'velocity of lateral mitral annulus (A'lat) (p=0.004), left atrial diameter (LAD) (p=0.001), pulse Doppler systolic velocity of medial mitral annulus (S'med) (p=0.01), mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) (p=0.033) than those in group 2, who had higher diastolic E' velocity of lateral (E'lat) and medial (E'med) mitral annulus (p=0.047 respective p=0.021). There were no significant differences of 2D GLS respective 3D GLS between the two groups (p=0.59, respective p=0.27). Athletes who had greater LV hypertrophy and LV mass indexed higher had a better response in tests of anaerobic exercise capacity. There was a statistically significant association between the 3D ejection fraction (EF) and anaerobic and aerobic exercise capacity. Conclusions. Our study revealed interesting interrelations between 2D GLS, 3D GLS, and LV hypertrophy and test results of effort capacity in a group of elite rugby players.


This work reports on the structural and magnetic properties of 10 nm-sized Co nanoparticles, along with a surface investigation of chemi-adsorption of fatty acid-like oleic acid on their surfaces. The hexagonal close-packed superparamagnetic Co nanoparticles were prepared by a surfactant-mediated polyol process that consists of refluxing a solution of the metal precursor, using oleic acid in ethylene glycol. The nature of an adsorbed fatty acid on a Co nanoparticle surface was studied, using transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The magnetic properties of the surfactant-capped and uncapped Co nanoparticles are compared. The surfactant-capped Co nanoparticles prepared by the modified polyol process show excellent superparamagnetic behaviors, with high magnetic susceptibility, negligible coercivity, and high saturation magnetization.


Attapulgite is a kind of rare non-metallic minerals, which in our nation is mainly produced in some areas of Jiashan, Anhui and Xuyi, Jiangsu. The paper reviewed ongoing research and application of attapulgite clay including its mineralogical performance, purification, further processing and products application, while analyzed some problems in current research and its development trend.


Abstract The bulk commodity, different with the retail goods, has a uniqueness in the location selection, the chosen of transportation program and the decision objectives. How to make optimal decisions in the facility location, requirement distribution, shipping methods and the route selection and establish an effective distribution system to reduce the cost has become a burning issue for the e-commerce logistics, which is worthy to be deeply and systematically solved. In this paper, Logistics warehousing center model and precision marketing strategy optimization based on fuzzy method and neural network model is proposed to solve this problem. In addition, we have designed principles of the fuzzy method and neural network model to solve the proposed model because of its complexity. Finally, we have solved numerous examples to compare the results of lingo and Matlab, we use Matlab and lingo just to check the result and to illustrate the numerical example, we can find from the result, the multi-objective model increases logistics costs and improves the efficiency of distribution time.


A Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review of the safety of botulinum toxin injections hasn't significantly impacted sales of the neurotoxin to date, doctors and analysts say.


ABSTRACT This is a longitudinal study of traumatic play activity using The Children's Developmental Play Instrument (CDPI). The CDPI is a multidimensional observational measure based upon a four-level model of play activity: Segmentation; Descriptive Analysis; Component Analysis and Functional Analysis. We studied one child and his mother, participants in a post-9/11 supportive intervention project. In this research children were filmed playing for 10 minutes with their mother and then10 minutes with a trained clinician. Mother and child were followed for a period of eight years by viewing annual videotaped play sessions. Findings revealed the CDPI was an effective tool in assessing the evolution of traumatic play and fantasy play over time using both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Of particular interest were the effects of trauma as evidenced in coping-defensive strategies observed in the play activity as play styles.


A finite element algorithm for solving the Navier-Stokes equations is presented for the analysis of high-speed viscous flows. The algorithm uses triangular elements. The unsteady equations are integrated to steady state with a Runge-Kutta time-marching scheme. A postprocessing artificial dissipation term is introduced to stabilize the computations and to dampen dissipation errors. Numerical results are compared with the calculation of uniform flow on a rectangular region which encounters an embedded oblique shock. A shock/turbulent boundary layer problem is also solved and results are compared with experimental data. It is shown that the postprocessing smoothing term and boundary conditions similar to the finite difference method work well in the present numerical studies.


Micro manipulator for three dimensional cell cultures such as a cellular aggregate will be presented. We recently reported on a catcher device to manipulate and transport a cellular aggregate in a microwell by using flow control. This paper proposes microfingers to pinch and release a spherical cellular aggregate (φ200 μm). We have studied pneumatic balloon actuator which is featured by its small, soft and safe characteristics suitable for biomedical applications. This paper will present microfingers and their operation, followed by design, fabrication, and characterization. This paper will also show the significance of surface treatment of a fingertip. A series of operations demonstrated on a real cellular aggregate by using newly developed microfingers will be successfully demonstrated.


In this paper,the principle of QAM modulation,demodulation and decision is introduced. The powerful simulation fuction of the optisystem software is described. The simulation model of the QAM technology based on the Optisystem is presented according to the above principle. The original input signal,the modulation of the signal,the demodulation of the signal,the QAM modulate system constellation graph and the signal frequency of QAM signal after demodulate were analyzed and observed,and the possibility of transmitting digital sensor signal in communication channel was verifid.


 The aim of this repeated measures study is to understand overall nursing teamwork and its facets over time, as perceived by nursing staff members from acute inpatient, continuing or rehabilitation care units in hospitals of diverse sizes and locations within the Spectrum Health system.  The purpose of this poster is to share baseline results that describe the current workplace environment, discuss variations in perceived teamwork, and identify potential improvement strategies.


Existing temperature and salinity ocean climatologies are usually mean fields based on observations collected over many decades. Because of low frequency variability of major features such as the Gulf Stream it is often more appropriate to define the mean for shorter periods, but there are subsequently fewer observations and more problems with aliasing of mesoscale variability. We present a method for removing eddy‐related noise from observations using satellite altimeter sea surface height measurements. We demonstrate the technique using Argo observations from the northwest Atlantic and produce mean temperature and salinity fields for an eight year period. The reduction in variance achieved is quantified. Comparison with an existing climatology shows that there is good agreement between the two analyses but that the representation of the Gulf Stream is more realistic in the new climatology.


My arm rises. Is my arm rising something happening to me – say, a movement caused by a muscle spasm or by somebody pulling a string attached to my wrist – or is it my own doing – am I raising my arm? What does it mean to say that I am raising my arm intentionally? Must it be the case that a conscious intention to do so causes my arm to rise? How do I know that I am raising my arm, and does that knowledge differ from the knowledge you may acquire by observing me? The nature of action, action explanation, and agency are central issues in philosophical action theory and have been systematically explored in the last fifty years. On the empirical side, with the emergence of cognitive neuroscience in the 1980s, motor cognition became a very active area of research. Work in the field of motor cognition aims at uncovering and understanding the mechanisms and processes involved in action specification and control. The efforts made to interpret anatomical and physiological evidence using cognitive theories and methods, including computational modeling, and, conversely, to test and refine cognitive models of normal motor cognition using functional neuroimaging and data from brain-damaged patients have resulted in a vast array of exciting discoveries and in provocative hypotheses about the cogni-tive structure of the processes and representations underpinning action. The scientific study of action yields insights, distinctions, as well as descriptions of the causal mechanisms underlying action that go beyond what conceptual analysis, however sophisticated, could alone reveal. Results and ideas drawn from the scientific study of action can thus offer new sources of inspiration for philosophers, evidence which may help overcome longstanding difficulties or redraw the lines on the philosopher's map by challenging certain widely received assumptions. Conversely, careful philosophical analysis can also lead to more sober assessments of over-enthusiastic claims about what some recent empirical data show. In recent years, the integration of philosophical with scientific theorizing has started to yield new insights. This chapter will survey some recent philosophical and empirical work on the nature and structure of action, on conscious agency, and on our knowledge of actions.


The relationships between the delay of the time of gamma irradiation and the sproutinhibition of Sapporo-ki onions were studied, and the nucleic acid content in inner buds of the onions was also determined. The onions were irradiated with the doses of 3-15 Krad and stored at room temperature except for the constant temperature lots of 1°, 6°, and 20°C. Onions which were irradiated 2 weeks after harvest did not sprout completely. However, when irradiation time was delayed about 4 weeks after, the inhibitory effect of gamma radiation on the sprouting was remarkably reduced. In irradiated onions stored 3 weeks after harvest, their inner buds had elongated slightly, and it was similar to the state of inner buds of Senshu-ki onions in budding period. Moreover, a similarity between their inner buds was observed in the pattern of the chromatograms of nucleic acids separated by using MAK column. The contents of s-RNA, r-RNA and DNA of inner buds in irradiated onions decreased by about a half of that in unirradiated onions 2 months after irradiation, and there was no difference between the contents of nucleic acid in 5 Krad onions and in 15 Krad ones.


In 1951 two arrows were found close to each other in the bog Lilla Loshults Mosse in northernmost Scania, southern Sweden. These arrows are of major importance for the study of the early Mesolithic as the arrowheads, including points and barbs made of flint, were still attached to the shafts. The arrows have been dated to the Early Boreal chronozone by pollen analyses of the attached peat.
The arrows were treated with preservatives that have made radiocarbon datings particularly difficult. These new dates are presented as well as the typology of the microliths and retouched micro-blades. The new dates and the dating by pollen analyses fits very well together.


The past decade has witnessed an exponential increase in bilateral deep trade agreements which increasingly deal with non-tariff measures and values, including labour rights. The EU is a frontrunner in including labour rights in its bilateral trade agreements (i.e. the trade- labour linkage). Despite continuous empirical developments in this regard and increasing consumer and academic attention for this topic, there is still a lot we do not understand about this linkage.
Therefore, this dissertation aims to deepen our understanding of the EU's trade-labour linkage. In particular it advances answers related to three research questions. First, what are the defining features of the EU's trade-labour linkage? Second, what is the impact of the EU's trade-labour linkage? Third, how can the findings concerning the design and the impact of the EU's trade-labour linkage be explained?
The first introductory chapter deals with the current state of the literature which is quite limited when it comes to answering the three research questions. Apart from that, the chapter deals with the ontological, epistemological as well as methodological assumptions of the dissertation. In here I set out that I mainly rely on interpretivism and induction. This results in a strong emphasis on the perception of the trade-labour linkage, for which I rely on a large amount of empirical data retrieved through document analysis, interviews as well as some participatory observation.
The main body of the dissertation consists of five articles which all provide insights into one or more of the three research questions. The insights from these articles, as well as additional research that has been carried out throughout the PhD (of which some has already resulted in additional publications), are summarised in the concluding chapter of the PhD, which is structured along the three research questions. For each question a tentative comparison is made with the US' trade-labour linkage to put the EU's linkage in perspective.
Concerning the first question, I argue that there is a widening and deepening over time of the EU's trade-labour linkage and that the EU's approach can be characterised as 'promotional'. Turning to the second question, I argue that overall the EU's impact is limited, unless when it comes to setting up institutional mechanisms for social dialogue or when it comes to side impact. Finally, related to the third research question, I argue that the EU's promotional approach is mostly related to ideational factors, being the absence of protectionist ideas, the status of the trade-labour linkage as an unobjectionable norm and a strong belief in the effectiveness of the promotional approach. The EU's limited impact is not only and not even primarily due to its promotional approach. Apart from the underutilisation of this approach, one needs to take into account the idea that labour rights are regarded as part of sustainable development, the absence of strong belief that labour rights can be achieved by means of a trade agreement and the lack of institutional ownership to deal with the trade-labour linkage.
The dissertation concludes with some reflections on the main added value of the PhD as a whole and advances some areas for further research.


thinking; adolescents are able to have better abstract and hypothetical thoughts, use symbols, and analyze cause and effect logically than in childhood, and use symbols, such as metaphors (Porter et al., 2009). However, adolescents are more likely to make poor decisions (Fischhoff et. al., 1999) and engage in risky behaviors (e.g., violence, aggression, and alcohol use) than adults due to immature brain development (Steinberg, 2005). Along with physical, emotional, and cognitive development, adolescents also experience changes in the social domain related to the relative influences of family relations and peer groups. As the time to seek more autonomy and identity, adolescents begin to cast doubt on family rules, which often results in conflict with their parents 10 (Eccles & Gootman, 2002; Porter et al., 2009). In light of this, peer groups become the center of social life unlike in childhood (Steinberg, 2010). Peer groups play a key role in the source of information and social comparison of the world outside of family (Bush & Peterson, 2013). Moreover, adolescents tend to conform and comply to peer influence in that they are often eager to belong in peer groups (Adams, 2005). There are several developmental theories that describe changes in these domains at different ages and stages of development. Developmental theories Catalyst for human development categorized in three different views: nature, nurture, and interaction. In the view of nature, human behaviors are products of biological factors or genetic endowment (Newman & Newman, 2009). This view regards a human being is developed like plants or animals. In contrast, the stance of nurture perceives human development (e.g., thoughts and behaviors) as it is influenced by the environment by which they are surrounded. According to Newman and Newman (2009), environmental factors include health care, cognitive stimuli, interpersonal relationships, financial status, stressors, work settings, etc. In order to combine these two different kinds of views, the view of interaction emphasizes relations between biological and environmental factors. The psychologists who advocate this view believe that the actions, thought, knowledge, or behaviors in humans are affected by both innate factors and environment (Miller, 2010). There are several theories based on these three views: (1) nature (e.g., Evolutionary Theory, Psychosexual Theory, and Cognitive Developmental Theory), (2) nurture (e.g., Learning Theory, Social Role Theory, and Life Course


Proposes a finite element method for numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic model of semiconductor devices. Presents some scaling factors and a variational formulation. Uses the P1 ‐ isoP2 element to discretize this formulation and the GMRES (Generalized Minimum RESidual) algorithm to solve the associated non‐linear system. Proposes an artificial viscous term to stabilize the non‐linear system. Gives a choice for an initial solution. Presents the numerical solutions for n+ ‐ n ‐ n+ diodes and 0.25μm gate length Si MESFETs. Calculates a shock wave at 300K. Observes velocity overshoot phenomenon and the effect of heat conduction term.


The 750kV main transformer incoming feeder adopts new ∏ architecture in Riyueshan 750kV substation,optimize the layout,simplified framework faade,reducing the amount of architecture projects,with good economic and social benefits.


This collection of original studies by African collections specialists in major American libraries provides insights into the development of Africana_materials from or about Africa_in the US_and into the achievements of librarians in this country in promoting and facilitating scholarship on sub-Saharan regions. Contributors: Abraham Demoz, Moore Crossey, David L. Easterbrook, Elizabeth A. Widenmann, Beverly A. Gray, Gretchen Walsh, John Bruce Howell, Janet L. Stanley, Nancy J. Schmidt, Joseph J. Lauer, David Henige, Yvette Scheven, and Dorothy C. Woodson. With author/subject/title index to the entire volume.


Sanfilippo syndrome or mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPS III), includes a group of four autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders caused by deficient activity of enzymes involved in the catabolism of heparan sulfate. The four types of MPS III are recognized in accordance with the deficient enzyme, resulting in the accumulation of heparan sulfate with particularly deleterious effects in the central nervous system. The incidence of MPS III remains to be established in Latin American countries. We describe the journey of a patient with MPS IIIB whom, even in the presence of speech delay and deterioration, behavioral problems and motor incoordination, showed unaltered urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) levels. An investigation for MPS was undertaken and enzyme analysis indicated a deficiency of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, leading to the diagnosis of MPS IIIB. With the correct diagnosis, the patient's symptoms could be properly managed, and the parents received appropriate genetic counseling. The present case report reinforces the need of investigating MPS III in patients with language delay and/or regression, neurological impairment and behavioral alterations, even when urinary GAGs are within normal range. A definitive diagnosis ends the diagnostic journey and enables the medical team and family to provide a better care for the child.


The aim of this research is to analyse the influence of corporate governance to sustainability reporting of ISRA company (Indonesia Sustainability Reporting Award) 2010-2011. This research use purposive sampling method to choose sample and get 16 company as a samle to be researched.
Result of this research , by using F statistic test show that corporate governance (institutional ownership, board of commissioner, independent commissioner proportion, board of director, audit commite) have no influence to sustainability reporting. T statistic test result show that every independent variable such as institutional ownership, board of commissioner, independent commissioner proportion, board of director, audit committee have no influence to sustainability reporting.


The Hara, or ghetto, is a place that distinguishes its inhabitants from other religious and cultural groups, acting as a spatial indicator of their difference. When Foucault's theory of heterotopia is applied, the Hara becomes a hybrid, a place simultaneously of crisis and of deviation. In Albert Memmi's La statue de sel , the protagonist experiences the Hara as antagonistic, or as a dystopia. In Nine Moati's Les belles de Tunis , the protagonist experiences the Hara as a utopia.


water shortages occur during the growing season, making it necessary for farmers to decide which crops to irrigate and which to leave dry. With the model, farmers and operators of irrigation systems can examine the effects on crop patterns, crop production, and farm income of different water-supply restrictions and different rules for delivering water. In the long run the model can be an aid in comparing alternative programs or designs for the development of new supplies of irrigation water and new distribution systems.


We show that water-based porosimetry (WBP), a facile, simple, and nondestructive porosimetry technique, accurately evaluates both the pore size distribution and throat size distribution of sacrific ...


The architectureof remote analysis system based on web for machine tools' components was introduced in this article. The realization and components of the architecture were discussed in detail. At last,an instance was given to illustrate the function of the system.


In a deregulated electricity market, load forecasting is nowadays of paramount importance to estimate next day load resulting in energy save and environment protection. Electricity demand is influenced (among other things) by the day of the week, the time of year and special periods and/or days such as religious and national events, all of which must be identified prior to modelling. This identification, known as day type identification, must be included in the design stages either by segmenting the data and modelling each day type separately or by including the day type as an input, which implies data classification and cluster creation. Data classification consists in regrouping objects of a similar data set into homogenous classes. Two main types of classifications exist: supervised and unsupervised classification. Supervised classification is based on a set of objects L of known classes, called training set, with the main goal being to identify candidate objects into their belonging classes. Where, unsupervised classification consists in partitioning a set of data D into sub-sets of similar attributes called classes or clusters (Halgamuge, 2005). Unsupervised classification is termed clustering, and will be so in the remaining of the chapter. For clustering means, conventional research usually employs multivariate analysis procedures. However, it was found that clustering the data directly, becomes computationally heavy using statistical method as the size of the data set increases (Jain & Dubes, 1988; Xu & Wunsch, 2005). Despite this fact, many linear approaches such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) (Jolliffe, 2002) and K-means were and remain, extensively used for classification and clustering purposes. Nonlinear classification and clustering approaches stand as a strong alternative in order to treat the complexity and visualisation problems issued from large multidimensional data sets. In recent years, due to their high performance in engineering, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), more specifically Self Organising Maps (SOM), and fuzzy logic are now being used as alternate statistical tools. Combining both paradigms in a two-level approach may be profitable to reduce significantly the computational cost as shown in (Khadir et. al., 2010) where SOM and K-means were combined for time series clustering.


Pulmonary mast cell progenitor (MCp) numbers increase dramatically in sensitized and aerosolized Ag-challenged mice. This increase depends on CD4 (cid:1) T cells, as no MCp increase occurs in the lungs of sensitized wild-type (WT) mice after mAb depletion of CD4 (cid:1) but not CD8 (cid:1) cells before aerosol Ag challenge. Neither the genetic absence of IL-4, IL-4R (cid:2) chain, STAT-6, IFN- (cid:3) , or IL-12p40 nor mAb blockade of IFN- (cid:3) , IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-12p40, or IL-12p40R (cid:4) 1 before Ag challenge in WT mice reduces the pulmonary MCp increase. However, sensitized and Ag-challenged IL-9-deficient mice and sensitized WT mice given mAb to IL-9 just before Ag challenge show significant reductions in elicited lung MCp/10 6 mononuclear cells of 47 and 66%, respectively. CD1d-deficient mice and WT mice receiving anti-CD1d before Ag challenge also show significant reductions of 65 and 59%, respectively, in elicited lung MCp/10 6 mononuclear cells, revealing an additional requirement for MCp recruitment. However, in J (cid:2) 18-deficient mice, which lack only type 1 or invariant NKT cells, the increase in the numbers of lung MCp with Ag challenge was intact, indicating that their recruitment must be mediated by type 2 NKT cells. Furthermore, anti-CD1d treatment of IL-9-deficient mice or anti-IL-9 treatment of CD1d-deficient does not significant partial impairment of MCp recruitment occurring with a single deficiency. These findings implicate type 2 NKT cells and IL-9 as central regulators that function in the same pathway mediating the Ag-induced increase in pulmonary MCp.


Article History: Received 14, December, 2014 Received in revised form 23, December, 2014 Accepted 13, January, 2015 Published online 28, January, 2015 As a stepping stone towards achieving a concept of resource-independence from artificial and synthesized agricultural materials, an organic gardening approach is followed using seed selection criterion. In this paper, the seed selection will be shown for its importance in maximizing the revenue in Kuwait where the environment is a challenge to grow plants organically. The potential of such idea is its input in achieving what is known as permaculture.


The city forest of Pekanbaru, Riau Province has many host trees for epiphytic flora. This study aimed to identify the epiphytic flora on tress of forest city Pekanbaru. Samples were collected from the field using exploration method. The morphological characters were scored and analysed to construct dendrogram using NTSyst 2. A total of 35 epiphytic floras were identified in this study, and consisted of mosses (12 species), ferns (21 species) and seed plants (2 species). Dendrogram showed that the examined species clustered based on the similarity of morphological characters


The role of thermal therapy as an effective adjuvant for radiation and/or chemotherapy of cancer has been demonstrated in several randomized clinical trials. During thermal therapy, power delivered to the target tissue in the form of acoustic or electromagnetic (EM) waves is released as heat. Selective elevation of tumour temperature resulting in heat induced cell kill, increased blood perfusion and enhanced drug intake. For device quality control and treatment planning, it is essential to characterize power deposition pattern of the heating device prior clinical use. Antenna specific absorption rate (SAR) can be measured with relative ease in clinical settings on muscle phantoms using infrared thermography (IR). Though this indirect measurement of antenna SAR has been well studied for interstitial type applicators, limited literature is available on the limitations of this approach and/or guidelines for characterizing external heating devices.


We report the synthesis and characterization of conducting polymer nanocomposites based on polypyrrole(PPY)and Fe2O3magnetic particles. The global structure of PPY nanocomposites was obtained by X-ray Diffraction(XRD)method using a new approximation based on Generalized Fermi Function. The local structural parameters of Fe sites in Fe2O3nanocrystallites embedded in PPY were determined by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy(EXAFS). The lack of hysteresis loop for the magnetization curves of the composite PPY-Fe2O3indicates a superparamagnetic behavior which is typical for nanosized magnetic particles.


For the mass moment missile is a system with nonlinear and model uncertainty,to improve the robustness of the control system further,the robust control system is studied for the mass moment missile with three masses.Based on the constructed model of mass moment control for missile,presents a coupled nonlinear dynamic system by rational simplifying.With the request of robustness of the system and the co-ordination of the control of the three masses,uses H_∞ control theory based on the mixed-sensitivity control to study the mass moment attitude control.The simulation results illustrate the efficiency of this method.


A recently released guideline aims to establish patient-centered approaches to initiating, managing, and discontinuing opioid use. The recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emphasize the serious risks and harms associated with opioids.


Applications of ultrasound in cleaning industry and biomedical field are owed to acoustic cavitations. To investigate behaviors of acoustic cavitations, a standing wave field of piston ultrasonic radiation was set up in this paper. And the behaviors of acoustic bubbles in this standing wave field were studied experimentally. Expressions of sound pressure in this standing wave field with di ff erent boundary conditions were discussed. Drawn by the forces (Bejerknes forces, Buoyancy forces, etc.), stable bubbles distributed regularly in the standing wave field. Experiments were conducted to validate that the distribution of stable bubbles can visualize the distribution of sound pressure. Erosion tests on aluminum foiling demonstrate that erosion only occurs in sound pressure anti-node field which was caused by collapsed acoustic bubbles. The radial oscillation of acoustic bubble was observed using high speed camera; it was found that the bubble's radius was increased with increase of negative sound pressure.


Bean, spinach, lettuce, and radish were grown in solution culture to investigate the effect of K and Ca concentration in the nutrient solution on Cu toxicities. Copper was supplied at levels of 0.02, 0.3, and 1 ppm. At each Cu level K or Ca was supplied at rates of 2, 6, and 18 me/t, Ca in Cu-K series and K in Cu-Ca series being supplied at 6 melt. The pH of the nutrient solution was adjusted to 5. 1. At the normal Cu level (0.02 ppm), most crops showed the best growth at K 2 melt and Ca 6 me/t. The order of relative tolerance of vegetable crops to Cu was as follows : bean > radish > spinach, lettuce. In any crops, increasing the supply of Ca (2-18 melt) was effective in alleviating the growth reduction due to Cu 1 ppm treatment. Increasing the supply of K (2-p 18 melt), however, exerted the similar effect only in radish at Cu 1 ppm treatment. 2. In any crops, roots were found to accumulate a larger concentration of Cu than leaves, the difference being more marked where excess Cu was supplied. The excessive accumulation of Cu in roots was evidently suppressed by increasing the supply of Ca, but not always suppressed by that of K. In general, the Cu accumulation in roots was closely related to the growth reduction.


The invention discloses a current mode logic circuit. The current mode logic circuit comprises a first P-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistor, a second PMOS transistor and an input unit, wherein a source electrode of the first PMOS transistor is coupled with a power terminal, a grid electrode of the first PMOS transistor is coupled with an earth terminal, a drain electrode of the first PMOS transistor is coupled with a first output node, a source electrode of the second PMOS transistor is coupled with the power terminal, a grid electrode of the second PMOS transistor is coupled with the earth terminal, a drain electrode of the second PMOS transistor is coupled with a second output node, the input unit is coupled among the first output node, the second output node and a low-level terminal, and the input unit comprises a first input node and a second input node.


An ultra-broadband high-efficiency grating coupler has been designed for the +1 diffraction order at an operating wavelength of 1.55μm for TM polarization in horizontal slot waveguide. The coupling bandwidth is significantly increased by properly raising the height of unperturbed silicon ridges, meanwhile the coupling efficiency is also enhanced. The 1dB bandwidth is 70nm which doubles the previously reported value; it is much larger than the slab waveguide grating couplers. Maximum coupling efficiency of 72% has been achieved for positive detuned grating couplers with incident light from SMF at 8°. The approaches for parameters optimization and maximum coupling efficiency are discussed based on the simulation results. Sensitivity to fabrication and alignment tolerances of the structure has also been analyzed.


Cantilever walls have been used at wing walls and also as sheet pile walls with enough embedment. The relieving shelves have been provided in the past for flexible cantilever retaining wall also to reduce the earth pressure. Certain suggestions initiated by Jumikis and C.R.R.I, are available for such a design of wall. In a work carried out by author these approaches were found to be insufficient. Reinforced theory concept as postulated in ref 5 could not explain experimental results though C.R.R.I. approach was found to be good for guidance. This paper summarises the present knowledge on the subject and brings out theory for the design of retaining wall with relief shelves, which is then tested experimentally. The theory as is veified by the experiments shows that there is a substantial reduction in earth pressure due to installation of these shelves. (Author/TRRL)


The current study has demonstrated that grazing of the alternative forage legumes birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.; BFT) and cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.; CMV), resulted in more sustainable beef production than grazing of meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem. & Schult; MB). The legumes had greater feed quality and are able to fix their own nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere. Cicer milkvetch produced more dry matter and had greater forage quality than BFT and MB, likely resulting in greater nitrification rates and soil NO3 availability. Birdsfoot trefoil accumulates a limited concentration of condensed tannins, and tannins have been shown to increase soil N by slowing N mineralization and nitrification. Tannins bind with proteins in the rumen, and some tannins, like those in BFT, release protein at the low pH of the abomasum for gastric digestion. Tannins improve ruminant N retention, and commonly increase the ratio of fecal to urinary N. This can reduce N volatilization and the deposition of N in the soil in inorganic forms, while increasing soil organic N, increasing soil organic C. Greater fecal N reduces the probability of NO3 leaching or emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, from the pasture system. Greater organic C under grazing is likely explained by both manure and plant litter depositions. Indeed, in the 40 present study greater soil C sequestration was evident under MB and small burnet (Sanguisorba minor Scop.; SB), a tannin-containing forb. This effect was mainly detected in the uppermost (0-10 cm) soil layer where greater soil microbial activity responded to greater soil warmth and oxygenation, and greater turnover of fine roots and root C exudation. Methane (CH4) is another potent GHG, and represents wasted food energy since reduced C is released to the atmosphere. Enteric CH4 emissions were measured during grazing for individual animals for successive 24-h periods. Greater legume forage quality resulted in greater dry matter intake (DMI) per unit of respired enteric methane than for the grass. The rate of ruminal passage is greater for legumes because they have less fiber and therefore shorter retention in the rumen. No effect of BFT tannins on enteric CH4 emissions could be distinguished. Reductions in enteric CH4 emissions due to greater feed quality result in a reduced C footprint for beef production on legume pastures.


DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGYA set of unusual movies, described [online][1] this week in Science and available on the Web, shows all the movements and divisions of cells in a zebrafish embryo during its first day of development.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1162493


H‐Ras is a monomeric G‐protein that is bound to the inner plasma membrane of the cell. The intimate interaction formed between the protein and the membrane plays an important role in its structural and functional properties such as its activation/inactivation through GTPase activity. This study tests the hypothesis that the conserved helix 5 water‐mediated network acts as a link between the two distant regions of the protein1. Two residues within the helix 5 network that mediate interactions with conserved water molecules were mutated using site‐directed mutagenesis: D154A and T158A. The mutants were purified using Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) and used in crystallization trials. The hanging drop method was used to set up trays with various reservoir mixtures of polyethylene glycol and calcium acetate in a screen around the conditions where wild type Ras crystals are known to grow. Crystals were obtained for both mutants and X‐ray data collected for RasD154A. The structure shows the mutated side chain and impairment of the water network. Data collection is ongoing for the RasT158A crystals. In the future, hydrolysis rate studies will be conducted to test whether the observed change in structure has an effect on the reaction rate of GTP to GDP catalyzed by Ras.


A large urban district (N = 90,546 students, n = 180 schools) implemented restorative interventions as a response to school discipline incidents. Findings from multilevel modeling of student discipline records (n = 9,921) revealed that youth from groups that tend to be overrepresented in suspensions and expulsions (e.g., Black, Latino, and Native American youth; boys; and students in special education) had similar, if not greater, rates of participation in restorative interventions than their peers. First-semester participants in restorative interventions had lower odds of receiving office discipline referrals (OR .21, p < .001) and suspensions (OR .07, p < .001) in the second semester. However, the suspension gap between Black and White students persisted. Implications for reform in school discipline practices are noted.


A synthetical correction method of depth survey — multiple measuring line correction is proposed.The coupling effect of angular beamwidth with topography and vehicle attitude is analyzed.Furthermore,the digital fathometer is designed in detail and correction index is constructed.Then,a real seabottom terrain is used to verify the method.Simulation shows that this method has obvious correction effect to solve the seabed distortion.


-British Colonial Policy and the Development of Political Parties in Malaya,
1945-1957: Taming the Shrew?

Joseph M. Fernando
Department of History
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences
University of Malaya

ABSTRACT
This article examines the policies of the British colonial administration in Malaya towards the formation and development of political parties between 1945 and 1957. The period 1945-1957 witnessed the emergence of political parties of various ideological dispositions and was an important formative period in the development of the modern party system in Malaysia. Parties such as the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Malayan Chinese Association (MCA), Malayan Indian Congress (MIC), Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya (PKMM), Independence of Malaya Party (IMP), Party Negara, Peoples Progressive Party and the Labour parties were formed during this period. While there are numerous studies of political parties in Malaysia, no serious study has been undertaken to examine the policies and legislation governing the formation and activities of political parties in the post-war period concerned. The British colonial administration allowed the formation of political parties and, with the exception of the parties of the far left which were banned following the declaration of the Emergency in 1948 after the communist revolt, appeared to be quite tolerant. Nevertheless, the activities of political parties were closely monitored. This article examines the policies of the colonial administration towards political parties and legislation that were introduced during this period to regulate the establishment and functioning of political parties. In a broader sense, this study examines the extent to which the British colonial administration attempted to influence party politics and political activities in the period leading up to Malayan independence in 1957.


In order to explore the landscape pattern evolution and driving forces of the Yilong Lake watershed, the combined method of supervised classification with manual visual interpretation based on the landsat5TM/8OLI remote sensing image data sources was used to establish a high-precision spatial distribution information database of the Yilong Lake watershed. Landscape index was used to analyze the distribution and spatial pattern change characteristics of various land-use types. Based on correlation and principal component analysis, we discuss the relationship between the change characteristics of land-use type, distribution and spatial pattern, and the interference of local socio-economic development and natural factors. The results show that: (1) In the past 30 years, the land-use types of the Yilong Lake watershed are mainly forest, garden plot and cultivated land. The forest area decreased significantly by 30.45 km2, of which the fastest reduction stage was from 2000 to 2005, with a total reduction of 20.56 km2. The garden plot conversion is relatively large, with a total of 181.69 km2 transferred out, of which 28.84 km2 has become unused land, respectively. (2) In the past 30 years, the maximum patch index decreased by 9.94% and the patch density index increased by 14.25%, indicating that the landscape fragmentation in the whole basin increased. The Shannon diversity index showed an increasing process; the aggregation index showed a decreasing process. (3) The change in landscape pattern in the watershedwas closely related to economic growth, population growth, social affluence and agricultural development. Natural factors, social factors and economic indicators are significantly positively correlated with patch density, edge density, landscape shape index and Shannon diversity index, and significantly negatively correlated with the largest patch index and the contagion index. On the whole, the wetlands in the basin are shrinking and the landscape diversity is changing. Reducing the excessive impact of human activities on the watershed ecosystem is a key factor for the local protection of wetland resources and the maintenance of wetland ecological functions.


The efficacy of the application of manganese, either applied to soil or as foliar sprays at three stages of flower development, in preventing the expression of manganese deficiency (ruptured seed coats ('split seed'); delayed maturity ('regreening'); and poor grain yield) in two cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius (cvv. Marri and Illyarrie) was assessed on sandy soils of the upper South East and Eyre Peninsula regions of South Australia. Six experiments were conducted during 1979 and 1980. A single foliar application of manganese (1.7 kg Mn/ha, in 200 litre water) when the upper-lateral shoots were in mid-flower, prevented the onset of the disorder. Applications of manganese to the soil at sowing at rates of up to 11.1 kg Mn/ha were usually less effective. The appearance of 'split-seed' symptoms in mature grain was a more sensitive indicator of manganese deficiency than was grain yield response to manganese fertilization. The degree to which these symptoms appeared increased markedly when the manganese concentration in intact seed became less than 8-10 ¦g/g dry seed, an observation which is consistent with other studies.


A method is presented for determining molybdenum in soils, sediments and rocks. The sample is decomposed by fusion with potassium hydrogen sulphate and the molybdenum is taken into solution with hydrochloric acid. Interference by iron is prevented by reduction to the iron(II) state and the reaction with copper by adding potassium iodide. Tungsten interference is suppressed by careful control of the time allowed for complex formation.The molybdenum-dithiol complex is extracted into light petroleum and determined either by visual comparison or spectrophotometry.