In her classic study The Sexual Politics of Meat, Carol J. Adams critiques the way that animal life functions as what she terms the ''absent referent'' of many linguistic tropes. The classic instance would be when, after suffering abuse of some particularly degrading kind, a person or group is said to have been treated ''like an animal,'' or ''like meat.'' Adams's critical intervention points out that, although obviously intended to speak out against abuse, in the use of the trope, such forms of malicious treatment are reinforced as the right and proper conduct toward animals themselves. The ethical claim to be treated otherwise that stems from each animal's individual mode of life is thus rendered absent, silently but with an implicit logical force. While debate obviously continues about the relative value of such an ethical claim, part of the simple power of Adams's analysis remains her willingness to speak out against overwriting the claims of a weaker group in our dominant cultural methods or practices. In light of work such as this, it is now increasingly rare in progressive critical discourse to find animal use and abuse appearing in figurative or comparative ways to characterize purely human phenomena. So I was surprised and initially more than a little sceptical about a book that centers on the trope of taxidermy to critique the representation of aboriginality in a range of examples of twentieth-century North American museum display, photography and film, and scientific and journalistic discourse. However, Pauline Wakeham's Taxidermic Signs is a provocative, challenging, and clear-sighted work of both postcolonial and ecological criticism that despite great theoretical sophistication shares precisely that simple power of Adams's work. The book begins with an introduction written in a dense critical prose that is, I think, more circuitous and jargon-heavy than it needs to be. However, Wakeham uses it to explain at some length the analytical term that structures her analysis: taxidermic semiosis. She argues that representations of aboriginality in


Three research methods are to be found in the studies carried out on Barcelona Cathedral during the period 1882-1 952. The first, the historian's traditional approach, is based on the analysis of written records. The second emphasizes the analysis of the architecture, while the third method involves an integrated study of the artistic whole. This, together with the second method, is founded within the positivist tradition. In the first period (1 882-1 898), which coincides with the construction of the new facade, the first two methods are used. Tamaro's guide (1882), illustrative of the first method, and Font's work (1891), illustrative of the second are worthy of note; as is Rogent (architecture) and Soler's (historical records) incomplete monograph (1898) in which both methods are brought together. A second period (1 906-1 916) is characterized by a predominance of studies which analyze written records but which at the same time incorporate certain elements of architectural analysis. Two authors predominate: Mas, who wrote several important works from an analysis of the written records and Carreras, whose work illustrates his attempts to integrate the Cathedral within its physical and historical context. The guides written by Elias (1 926), Martorell (1 929) and Bassegoda (1 940) also combine these two research methods. In the Catalogo Monumental de Barcelona (1 947), and the works of Duran (1952), the third research method is introduced. Here the work presented in the earlier studies is critically analyzed from the strictly artistic perspective. The importance of these works today is undeniable, but we still await a complete monograph.


To estimate the burden and changing tendency of malignant tumor.Based on the data of cancer registry and death cause surveillance from 2000 to 2002 in Hangzhou,the burden of malignant tumor was measured with disability-adjusted life years (DALY).Disability-adjusted life years(DALY)of malignant tumor was 65 847.81 person year in 2000,54 339.94 person year in 2001,55 156.07 person year in 2002 in Hangzhou. In recent 3 years,the DALY of lung cancer,liver cancer,intestine cancer and gastric cancer were decline, but the DALY of these cancer were larger.And the DALY of breast cancer and cervical cancer were rising.The years of life lost (YLL) caused by malignant tumor was decline, but the years lived with disability (YLD) was rising.[Conclusion]Lung cancer,liver cancer,intestine cancer and gastric cancer are also main cancers effecting citizen health.And the control and prevention of breast cancer and cervical cancer should be emphasized.


In this paper, the mechanical properties of the welded joints of corten steel sheets that has been using in the integrated coach factory in making the coaches of rails obtained by TIG welding done with three different parameters like current, welding speed and gas flow rate as a constant are studied. The performance of the welded joints is identified using the Tensile, Micro hardness, Bending, Micro and Macrostructure examination. The better strength of welding is obtained with the specific current and welding speed of TIG welding process. Thus the result provides the alternative welding method of TIG welding instead of MIG welding.


Researchers and practitioners frequently point to inventory as a necessary component of an effective supply chain strategy. However, an undisciplined or ineffective approach to inventory can have a detrimental impact on an organization and its entire supply chain. When making inventory decisions, firms must ensure that the selected approach "fits" the overall supply chain strategy. While such an assertion seems intuitive, there is a need for empirical validation. We seek to contribute to this important body of research by investigating the impact of improved strategic alignment of inventory on resiliency and continuity. More specifically, we investigate the impact of improved strategic fit by comparing two distinct approaches to inventory management within a service parts environment. We hypothesize that a well-aligned approach to inventory management can enhance continuity and resiliency. We test these hypotheses via a longitudinal field study involving 10 United States Air Force (USAF) locations and two years of data (approximately 650,000 inventory transactions). Results from nine test locations and one control location suggest that a well-aligned approach to inventory management is indeed effective in improving continuity and resiliency, thus enhancing service-based strategies—in this case, the USAF's ability to be mission-capable. While the results of the study are derived from the USAF, we believe the implications provide broader insight into the use of inventory as a means of realizing a strategic fit.


Along with diet, exercise, and behavior modification, drug therapy may be a helpful component of treatment for patients who are overweight or obese. In this review, I describe the new FDA-approved anti-obesity drugs and briefly introduce other anti-obesity drugs still under development. A variety of drugs for obesity have been developed and are regularly prescribed. Medications such as orlistat, phentermine, diethylpropion, phendimetrazine, and mazindol have been approved prior to 2011. New anti-obesity drugs such as lorcaserin (a selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist) and phentermine/topiramate were approved in 2012, and another two drugs, naltrexone/bupropion and liraglutide, were approved by the FDA in 2014. In Korea, orlistat and lorcaserin are permitted for long-time drug therapy for obesity, however naltrexone/bupropion and liraglutide have not been approved by KFDA yet. Medications are an important part for weight-loss therapy, but anti-obesity drugs can have serious side effects. Therefore the decision to initiate obesity drug therapy should be made only after a careful evaluation of the risks and benefits associated with long-term medication.


The Covid-19 virus pandemic that has shaken the world has affected all aspects of life, whether political, economic, social, and educational. During this Pandemic, many schools were forced to close and forced to go online. In the new order era, several pesantren were opened and learning was conducted offline (outside the network). One of them is Pesantren Tahfiz Daarul Quran Takhasus II Cikarang.
Pondok Pesantren Tahfiz Daarul Qur'an Takhasus II Cikarang is an Islamic boarding school whose focus of learning is memorizing the Qur'an. At the beginning of the pandemic, Islamic boarding schools adopted a policy of repatriating their students as an effort to prevent the spread of the virus and carry out online learning (on the network). The result of this study is that learning tahfiz during the pandemic, both offline and online, is carried out using the sorogan and sima'i techniques. The difference is when online, the allocation of study time is reduced to 2 meetings via WhatsApp Video Call. And when offline learning, tahfiz returns to 4-5 meetings with students using masks and health protocols. The conclusion of this study is that offline Tahfiz learning is more effective than online Tahfiz learning, this can be seen based on the quantity of memorization and student learning motivation which is better when learning Tahfiz face-to-face or offline.


Ex-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements are made on radio frequency magnetron sputtered oxygenated cadmium sulfide (CdS:O) thin films. Films are deposited onto glass substrates at room temperature and at 270 °C with varying oxygen to total gas flow ratios in the sputtering ambient. Ellipsometric spectra from 0.74 to 5.89 eV are collected before and after annealing at 607 °C to simulate the thermal processes during close-space sublimation of overlying cadmium telluride in that solar cell configuration. Complex dielectric function (e = e1 + ie2) spectra are extracted for films as a function of oxygen gas flow ratio, deposition temperature, and post-deposition annealing using a parametric model accounting for critical point transitions and an Urbach tail for sub-band gap absorption. The results suggest an inverse relationship between degree of crystallinity and oxygen gas flow ratio, whereas annealing is shown to increase crystallinity in all samples. Direct band gap energies are determined from the ...


Synecdoche, New York, screenwriter Charlie Kaufman's directorial debut, was greeted with Best Film of the Year from critics and catcalls from moviegoers. It is a film that only someone like Psychiatric Times' Editor in Chief, Dr Ron Pies, could fully understand (ie, a psychiatrist who knows about arcane neuroscience and literature). The problems start with the title. Most people have no idea what "synecdoche" means or how to pronounce it. Looking it up is not much help. The Oxford English Dictionary defines it as "a figure [of speech] by which a comprehensive term is used for a less comprehensive or vice versa, as whole for part or part for whole, genus for species or species for genus, etc." The commentary adds to the confusion: "Formerly sometimes used loosely or vaguely, and not infrequently misexplained." No matter. Most critics did not explain it anyway, emphasizing instead its pronunciation—si-NECK-doh-kee—which sort of rhymes with Schenectady (sken-ECK-tuh-dee), where the film "seems" to be set. They outdid each other, too, in their praise of the film, while being surprisingly candid about their inability to explain it. Roger Ebert called it "Joycean," with the richness of literature. He enthused, "It's about you. Whoever you are," even though he conceded that he had not fully understood it. As for the ambiguity of the title, he advised readers to "get over it."


Transmural invasive Candidial infection remains an extremely rare cause of oesophagogastric per foration. Candida represents a commensal fungus of different mucous membranes in healthy individuals. However , invasive candidial infections causing extensive tissue necrosis and ulceration resulting in perforation occur in 1,2 immunocompromised subjects. We present a case of gastric candidiasis causing perforation in 55 years old healthy male. Exploratory laparotomy was done and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Perforation was sutured keeping an omental patch. He was treated with antifungals and follow up of one year has shown him to be disease and symptom free.


The signal charge diffusion floating point unit (floating diffusion), generating means for accumulating the charge generated by; having a charge unit for generating a pixel charge signal generating means: a solid-state imaging device, such as a CMOS sensor, comprising ; transfer gate transistor, for the signal charges in the charge generation unit is transferred to the floating point unit diffusion; a reset transistor for resetting the floating-point diffusion; and an amplification transistor, according to the the signal charge generated by the charge generation unit generates an output signal of the signal to the vertical signal line. The reset pulse for driving the reset transistor width sufficiently reduced to 1/2, for example, response time is less than or equal to the signal produced in said vertical signal lines in response to the reset pulse, and preferably less than or equal to 1/5 of the response time.


Mutual information of two variables is a measure of relationship between two variables: the larger this measure the stronger the dependence, and vice visa. However, mutual information does not indicate whether the relationship between the variables is direct or indirect. To detect "direct mutual relations", we can use conditional mutual information. In the previous studies, we have proposed the mutual information measures of multiple variables. There are many mutual information measures with more than two variables. Each of them is sensitive to a kind of relationships that may exist among the multiple variables. However, as mutual information of two variables, the multivariate mutual information measures do not show whether the multivariate relationships are direct or indirect. In this paper, we propose new multivariate conditional mutual information measures and show that they can detect indirect multivariate relationships through conditional variables. Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE


DDoS attacks remain a persistent cybersecurity threat, blocking services to legitimate users and causing significant damage to reputation, finances, and potential customers. For the detection of DDoS attacks, machine learning techniques such as supervised learning have been extensively employed, but their effectiveness declines when the framework confronts patterns exterior to the dataset. In addition, DDoS attack schemes continue to improve, rendering conventional data model-based training ineffectual. We have developed a novelty open-set recognition framework for DDoS attack detection to overcome the challenges of traditional methods. Our framework is built on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) construction featuring geometrical metric (CNN-Geo), which utilizes deep learning techniques to enhance accuracy. In addition, we have integrated an incremental learning module that can efficiently incorporate novel unknown traffic identified by telecommunication experts through the monitoring process. This unique approach provides an effective solution for identifying and alleviating DDoS. The module continuously improves the model's performance by incorporating new knowledge and adapting to new attack patterns. The proposed model can detect unknown DDoS attacks with a detection rate of over 99% on conventional attacks from CICIDS2017. The model's accuracy is further enhanced by 99.8% toward unknown attacks with the open datasets CICDDoS2019.


Summary A comparison is made between the competing processes of x-ray scattering and photoelectric absorption. The latter topic is then developed more fully, particular attention being paid to absorption fine-structure and its relevance to the study of the unoccupied energy levels available to electrons in solids. Electron wave scattering theories of metal fine-structure are outlined, together with the simultaneous plasmon emission concept for transition metals and the bound ejected electron theory for the solid halides of potassium.


Suetonius, in his Vita of Vespasian, gives considerable prominence to Vespasian's wit and humour as a part of that emperor's character and method of dealing with people. The picture that emerges is of an educated man, well versed in the Greek language and literature and capable of witty improvisation in that language. At the same time, his penchant for clever but coarse jokes and his use of down-to-earth humour in his 'unseemly' money-making activities are indicative of his nonaristocratic, bourgeois origins. His idealised Republican prototype and model might well be the Elder Cato.


The invention relates to the field of medical chemistry, particularly a synthesis method of a (R)-glyceraldehyde acetonide compound. In order to solve the problems of complex industrialization process and high product production cost of the existing synthesis route in industrialized production, the invention provides a preparation method of a brand-new (R)-glyceraldehyde acetonide compound. By using (R)-epoxy chloropropane as the raw material, the method has the advantages of low synthesis cost and simple technique, and is suitable for industrialized mass production.


Thirst can be defined as a longing or desire to drink water, not necessarily generated by a physiological need,but also triggered by habit, taste, dry mouth or throat, the will to consume fluids that provide a sensationof heating or cooling.1,2Moderate to severe thirst was similarly reported by 70% of 100 ICU patients.20Prevalence estimates for dry mouth may vary and are dependent on factors such as the nature of the sample(age, gender, health etc.)3. A quasi-experimental study by using purposive sampling technique was conductedon 40 patients admitted in ICUs of tertiary care hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. Data was collected by usingcategorical thirst intensity scale and challecombe clinical oral dryness scale for thirst intensity and drymouth. The findings of the study showed that Majority of the patients 14(70%) having very very thirstylevel of thirst intensity among experimental group and 16(80%) of the patients having very thirsty level ofthirst intensity among control group Pre-interventional. Most of the patients 13 (65%) among experimentalgroup and Maximum of the patients 19 (95%) among control group were having Moderate dryness Preinterventional. More than half of the patients 12(60%) having thirsty level of thirst intensity amongexperimental group and Majority of the patients 16(80%) having very thirsty level of thirst intensity amongcontrol group post interventional 20(100%) of the patients were having Mild clinical oral dryness amongexperimental group and Maximum of the patients 19(95%) were having Moderate dryness among controlgroup Post-interventional. Majority of the patients having very very thirsty level of thirst intensity amongthe experimental group pre-interventional and post-interventional majority of the patients having thirstylevel of thirst Intensity. Majority of the patients having moderate level of oral dryness, pre-interventionaland all of the patients having mild level of oral dryness post-interventional. Comparison of Thirst intensityamong experimental and control group patients found to be statistically significant. Comparison of oraldryness among experimental and control group patients found to be statistically significant.


The analysis for the WITCH/LINER experiments was performed to investigate the heat transfer characteristics between the gas-agitated steel melt and the vertical surface. The applicability of heat transfer correlations for a gas-agitated fluid system was examined through the numerical analysis of the one-dimensional heat conduction taking into account the crust formation due to the solidification of the steel melt. The heat transfer correlation developed by Konsetov was modified for the application to fluids with low Prandtl number. The constant in the modified correlation was empirically found mainly through the comparison between the analysis and the experiments under conditions that a churn-turbulent two-phase flow regime was anticipated to form. The modified Konsetov correlation could predict the heat transfer characteristics observed through the experiments in an acceptable level.


There are many uncertainties relating to the deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structure, and as a result, the actual degree of deterioration of structures is not uniform. Currently, various safety factors are considered to cover those uncertainties. This paper proposes a new method for maintenance planning of RC structures degraded by chloride attack based on probability theory. Prediction models of deterioration caused by chloride attack both before and after repair are discussed. The effects of crack and macrocell corrosion were considered to accelerate the deterioration in the prediction model. Surface coating, patching repair, cathodic protection, and combinations thereof were considered as repairing options. Moreover, the effects of partial and full repair were also considered in the deterioration of the repair system. The actual variation of structural properties and the environmental conditions obtained from the inspection program were used directly as input for prediction. By using Monte Carlo simulation, variations of deterioration degree can be predicted. Based on the prediction result, repair and failure costs are determined and used to design the maintenance planning program. Finally, applications of maintenance planning of actual case studies are given as an example.


Abstract The effects of gamma irradiating rye or supplementing a rye-containing layer diet with penicillin or the pectic enzyme (Irgazyme 100) were studied. Two experiments, one with 31-week-old and the other with 29-week-old White Leghorn hens were conducted. Each experimental diet was fed to four groups of hens in Experiment 1 and to five groups of hens in Experiment 2. Each group consisted of 15 individually caged hens. Substituting rye for corn in the control diet significantly depressed egg production. Addition of penicillin did not prevent the drop. Gamma irradiation of the rye at 6.2 Mrad significantly increased egg production to a level where it was not different from that of hens fed the corn control diet. Irradiation of rye did not affect egg weight significantly. Addition of the pectic enzyme significantly increased egg production of hens fed the rye diet for the first 3 weeks but by the end of week 8, the improvement by the pectic enzyme was not significant. Feed consumption was not affected by gamma irradiation or penicillin supplementation of rye.


The removing and adding materials using laser beam have been both applied widely in manufacture of micro parts. But less attention has been focused on a fabricating technology combining removing and adding materials. Induced by the irradiation of laser beam, marginal metal powders are sintered together into thin walls along laser traces with central metal particles vaporized and sputtered. In the paper, the variation of the microstructure of vaporizing and melting components in this process is studied quantitatively. The profile of sintering walls and thermal expansion grooves were measured by an optical microscope, while the speed of thermal diffusion was detected by high speed schlieren photography. The characteristics of micro melting and vaporizing induced by laser beam are further discussed and the mechanism of microstructure of metal powders is explored. It is observed that the stress generated by the thermal diffusion is a critical factor influencing the quality of sintering thin walls.


The new tools for the study of midlattitude cyclones by atmospheric water channels of the scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) on Nimbus 7, were discussed. The integrated atmospheric water vapor, total cloud liquid water and rain data were obtained from the Nimbus 7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR). The frontal structure of several midlattitude cyclones over the North Pacific Ocean as they approached the West Coast of North America were studied. It is found that fronts are consistently located at the leading edge of the strongest gradient in integrated water vapor. The cloud liquid water content has patterns which are consistent with the structure seen in visible and infrared imagery. The rain distribution is a good indicator of frontal location. It is concluded that the onset of rain on the coast can be forecast accurately by simple advection of the SMMR observed rain areas.


All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double-blind • Describe criteria used by Reviewers when accepting/declining papers. Was there the opportunity to resubmit articles after revisions? There are five main criteria: relevance to the conference topic, importance of the research/state-of-the-art, proper methodology, arguments and conclusions, and academic writing quality. All the criteria are included in the substantial review form (attached) provided for the reviewers. Organizers also prepared a technical review form (attached) to assess the compliance with IOP template and guidelines and to inform the result of plagiarism check. There was the opportunity to resubmit articles after revisions, up to a maximum of two (2) times based on two (2) substantial reviews. • Conference submission management system: Universitas Indonesia online conference system (https://symposiumjessd.ui.ac.id/online-submission/). the complete submission guidelines are available in following link https://symposiumjessd.ui.ac.id/guideline/ • Number of submissions received: 270 • Number of submissions sent for review: 270 • Number of submissions accepted: 140 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 51.85% • Average number of reviews per paper: 1–2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 115 • Any additional info on review process (ie plagiarism check system): Review process was done in 8-14 days. One reviewer might review up to two (2) articles. • Contact person for queries: Herdis Herdiansyah, School of Environmental Science, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, e-mail: email@example.com Additional information are available in the pdf.


The grid connection of large-scale wind power and photovoltaics has changed the frequency and voltage characteristics of the traditional power grid. The renewable energy generation system with new energy as the main body has put forward higher requirements for the performance of new energy grid connection, including the multi-energy complementary system(MECS) of renewable energy and energy storage. There is no unified measurement standard for the performance of access to the grid. Therefore, starting from the performance of MECS connected to the power grid, such as autonomous frequency regulation, autonomous voltage regulation, active/reactive power control, etc., a performance evaluation method of MECS connected to the power grid is given. Referring to the relevant standards for renewable energy and energy storage grid connection, a three-level index system for evaluating the grid-connected operation performance of MECS including target-level, performance-level and detail-level is constructed. The fuzzy evaluation method is used to analyze the grid-connected performance of a multi-energy complementary power station in Qinghai Province. The validity and applicability of the proposed evaluation method are verified.


For past years, many distributed virtual shared-memory(DVSM) systems have been studied in order to develop a low-cost shared memory system with a fast interconnection network. But the DVSM needs a lot of data and control communication between distributed processing nodes in order to provide memory consistency in software, and this communication overhead significantly dominates the overall performance. In general, the communication overhead also increases as the number of processing nodes increase, so communication overhead is a very important performance factor for developing a large-scale DVSM system. In this paper, we study the performance scalability quantitatively and qualitatively for developing a large-scale DVSM system based on the next generation interconnection network, called the InfiniBand. Based on the study, we analyze a performance requirement of the next-coming interconnection network to be used for developing a performance-scalable DVSM system in the future.


This article presents a general framework for the measurement of eco-efficiency over time by generalizing the approach presented by Kuosmanen and Kortelainen (2005) from a static to a dynamic setting. For this purpose we construct an environmental performance index (EPI) by applying benefit of the doubt weighting and Malmquist index approach. Compared to other dynamic environmental productivity and efficiency analysis approaches based on these methods, our approach builds on the standard definition of eco-efficiency as it is presented in ecological economics literature. Recognizing the importance to analyze the sources of environmental performance changes, we show how the overall environmental performance index can be decomposed into two subcomponents representing changes due to technological progress (or regress) and due to changes in relative eco-efficiency. In addition, we decompose technical change into a magnitude index and a so-called environmental bias index. We apply the presented technique at the macro-level to dynamic environmental performance analysis of 21 EU countries in 19902000. According to the results, technical progress mostly explains overall environmental performance growth, while relative eco-efficiency changes have been minor for most countries during the sample period.


The article studies the situation with the Russian Orthodox Church in Estonia in relation to political changes in the country in the 1990s-2000s.


Recent policy measures have recognized people's participation in forestfwatershed conservation in the Asian countries. In places like Nepal, where societies are highly stratified by caste!ethnicity, people's concerns and socioeconomic conditions have significant implications for irnplementation of watershed management activities. This paper analyzes the relationship between people's concerns, socioeconomic cond{tions, land use, terrain slope and proportion of castelethnic households. The analysis revealed that there is a significant effect of castelethnicity on people's concerns and socioeconomfc conditions. It was also found that people's concerns are more serious in the medium and high slope areas comparecl to the flat areas. Predictor variables for food availability are proportion of low caste hottseholds in the ward, and medium and high slope area. For fuelwood availability, they are walking clistance to fuelwood forest, ownership of farmland, low caste households, high caste households and proportion of level terrace in the ward. Proportion of low caste householcls is the main predictor of illiteracy, followed by high slope area. Thus, it was found that people's concerns are collectively affected by the socioeconomic conditions of the local peop]e, land use and natural conditions. Kewerd: caste!ethnic groups, Iand use, slope,socloeconomlcconditions, people's participation


Abstract : This collection of ten essays adds a new and original perspective to the debate on political reform in the Gulf countries which has intensified in recent years. Rather than couching the issue in the more frequently heard terms of authoritarianism vs. democratization, the book focuses on the evolution of Gulf constitutions and on the widening of political participation. It is shown that constitutional reforms have served the purpose of consolidating the absolute power of the rulers, but have also allowed the progressive development of institutions whose representative character and influence on the policy making process has been growing.
Political participation has considerably widened, partly thanks to these new or strengthened institutions, but even more so because of the increased access to information and freedom of expression brought about by the ICT revolution. None of the Gulf regimes is democratic, and a long evolution might be necessary before they deserve to be recognized as such.
Nevertheless, real change is taking place, and prospects for political reform in the Gulf may be better than in the rest of the Arab world.


Catalytic co-pyrolysis of shredded waste tyres (SWT) and shredded oil palm empty fruit bunches (SOPEFB) was studied under nitrogen atmospheric pressure. Main objective of this study is to analyse the effect of the addition of cobalt catalyst with direct impregnation into the shredded empty fruit bunch fibers itself with respect to the liquid yields. Shredded waste tyres and shredded oil palm empty fruit bunches were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor at 500oC with a ratio of 1:1 as a control. Shredded empty fruit bunches which were previously impregnated directly with 5%w/w and 10%w/w of cobalt catalyst solutions and shredded waste tyres were then pyrolysed in the same reactor at 500oC. The pyrolysed oils were collected in an ice/water condenser. The reactor was externally heated by means of electrical resistance, the heating rate being approximately 30oCmin-1. Once the required temperature obtained, it was maintained for two hours. Three phases were obtained after pyrolysis : solid, liquid and gas. Highest yield of liquid product obtained with catalytic co-pyrolysis of SWT and SOPEFB as compared to co-pyrolysis of SWT and SOPEFB. It can be concluded that the catalytic co-pyrolysis using cobalt as catalyst resulted in higher of liquid yield.


The paper proposes a short-term traffic forecasting model based on support vector regression.First,themodel put the traffic volumes,occupancy-rate,average velocity at several preceding periods of time and upstream and downstream collected by RTMS are considered sa input,average velocity at current period of time are considered as output .Second,the support vector regression is trained after selecting a kernel function.Finally, the average velocity being forecasted at several periods of time in the future are available by inputting the traffic volumes,occupancy-rate and average velocity necessary to the trained support vector regression.The paper also use the real time date of some road section of North Beingjing links to test the efficiency of the proposed model and the result is satisfied.


In this article, the author investigated the concept of an international legal act in terms of the scientific apparatus of jurisprudence, while revealing detail aspects such as terminology identity, its various properties in the regulations. Also, given the lack of a unified concept of an international legal in legal act in jurisprudence science, the author proposed a subjective definition of an international legal act as result of the research.


In this paper, we present simulation results for a basic setup in which a photovoltaic inverter and a load are connected to a weak power distribution grid. We use both DIgSILENT PowerFactory, with a standard PV model including a reactive power controller for voltage support, and MATLAB/Simulink as simulation software. We identify conditions under which load changes result in voltage oscillations or even instability. Potential ramifications for PhotoVoltaic (PV) inverter grid codes are briefly discussed.


【To investigate the toxic of herbs used in , the author analyzed herbs with toxic recorded in , , after searched toxic herbs literarily. Herbs with toxicity recorded in both and were total 17 species, and recorded in were total 13 species, and recorded in were total 12 species. The major cause that herbs generates a side effect in a human body is implicit use and abuse, inadequate processing the herbs, use of quack medicines of herbs and clinical use which is improper in symptoms and internal use, differences of constitution. The major toxic component in herbs is an alkaloid, essential oil and hydrargyrum (Hg), and the main invasion route of toxic herbs in human body is the liver, kidney, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract.】


Traditional methods of student feedback at both individual unit and program level consist of a range of online or paper survey instruments. Frequent systematic evaluations of this nature are carried out by all higher education institutions to meet quality assurance requirements. Evaluation reports, alongside students' evaluations of teaching effectiveness (SETs) also provide evidence for academic tenure and promotion. Likert-style survey items with limited open-ended response categories are often used for student feedback on survey instruments. Feedback is generally categorised by content, resources and organisation of the unit as well as evaluating the learning and teaching activities and quality of delivery. Feedback is often undertaken just prior to or immediately upon completion of a unit of study, thus little is gained regarding the longer-term outcomes, as perceived by students, from the whole of unit experience. Therefore, it may be questioned whether current feedback systems provide timely, detailed information that ultimately enhances future student learning. The literature presents varied arguments on the role, process and perceived benefits of SETs. It includes evidence that feedback of this nature, in isolation, is not useful for improving teacher effectiveness, whereas SETs combined with external consultation has been shown to improve outcomes (Marsh, 2007). This has led us to consider whether unit evaluation processes, in isolation of additional consultation, are optimal for improving unit offerings and subsequent student learning.


Acylphosphonates having the 5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxophosphinanyl skeleton are developed as efficient intermolecular radical acylation reagents, which enable the cobalt-catalyzed Markovnikov hydroacylation of unactivated alkenes at room temperature under mild conditions. The protocol exhibits broad substrate scope and wide functional group compatibility, providing branched ketones in satisfactory yields. A mechanism involving the Co-H mediated hydrogen atom transfer and subsequent trapping of alkyl radicals by acylphosphonates is proposed.


Metal aluminum borates represent a fascinating class of materials. Depending on the composition, they can be useful as catalytic, laser, or nonlinear optical materials. In the early stages of research and development, it can often be difficult to grow the single crystals "necessary" for detailed structural characterization. Because knowledge of the crystal structures of such materials is necessary for the development of structure/property correlations, we are sometimes forced to obtain detailed structural information using only powder diffraction data. In addition, real catalysts are always polycrystalline, "forcing" the use of powder diffraction techniques to study such materials. Recent advances in hardware and software, especially the availability of synchrotron radiation, make it possible to answer many structural questions using only powder diffraction data. In this paper, we provide examples of ab initio structure solution, and the use of powder diffraction techniques to obtain information about the nonstructural properties of a material. POTASSIUM ALUMINUM BORATE, K2Al2B2O7 Only one ternary phase, K3AlB8O15 [1] in the K2O-Al2O3-B2O3 system has been characterized structurally. During exploration of this ternary system, we discovered a black amorphous semiconducting phase of the approximate composition 1K20:1Al2O3: 2B2O3. From preparations having compositions near lK20:1Al2O3:lB2O3, a phase having the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of K2Al2B2O7 [2] was produced. The powder pattern of K2Al2B2O7 can be indexed on a very high quality trigonal/hexagonal unit cell having a=8.5597(4) and c=8.4597(4) D. Magic angle spinning NMR indicated that the Al coordination is tetrahedral, and that the borons are trigonal. The observed density indicated that the cell contents were K6Al6B6O21. Because K2Al2B2O7 is formed near the semiconducting phase in the phase diagram, we believed that knowledge of the crystal structure, and comparison of the structure to those of nearby crystalline phases, would give some insight into the


A very small fraction of (runaway) massive stars have masses exceeding $60$-$70\, \rm M_{\odot}$ and are predicted to evolve as Luminous-Blue-Variable and Wolf-Rayet stars before ending their lives as core-collapse supernovae. Our 2D axisymmetric hydrodynamical simulations explore how a fast wind ($2000\, \rm km\, \rm s^{-1}$) and high mass-loss rate ($10^{-5}\, \rm M_{\odot}\, \rm yr^{-1}$) can impact the morphology of the circumstellar medium. It is shaped as 100 pc-scale wind nebula which can be pierced by the driving star when it supersonically moves with velocity $20$-$40\, \rm km\, \rm s^{-1}$ through the interstellar medium (ISM) in the Galactic plane. The motion of such runaway stars displaces the position of the supernova explosion out of their bow shock nebula, imposing asymmetries to the eventual shock wave expansion and engendering Cygnus-loop-like supernova remnants. We conclude that the size (up to more than $200\, \rm pc$) of the filamentary wind cavity in which the chemically enriched supernova ejecta expand, mixing efficiently the wind and ISM materials by at least $10\%$ in number density, can be used as a tracer of the runaway nature of the very massive progenitors of such $0.1\, \rm Myr$ old remnants. Our results motivate further observational campaigns devoted to the bow shock of the very massive stars BD+43 3654 and to the close surroundings of the synchrotron-emitting Wolf-Rayet shell G2.4+1.4.


The performance of more than 30 different coil coated materials has been assessed in different artificial weathering tests and outdoor exposure conditions. The data highlight the very different weathering behaviour of polyester coatings and more durable non-polyester types. These results lead to suggestions for improving the accuracy of accelerated weathering tests.


Uncertainty in hydrologic design parameters is reflected as an increase in expected project costs. The Bayesian or statistical decision approach produces a minimum-cost decision for a spccific design, yielding the expected opportunity loss, EOI,, a measure of the uncertainty inherent in the decision process. The uncertainty stems from the fact that the population value of the design parameters is unknown. Additional information can be obtained by collecting more data, and the value oi these data is measured by the decrease in EOL. But there are costs involved in getting additional data: the cost of continued data collection and the cost of delaying the construction of the project (benefits foregone). The expected economic optimum record length is defined at the point where the marginal benefits of additional data are equal to the marginal costs of obtaining those data. The theory is applied to sediment load data used to design the scdiment storage portion of a reservoir. Based on an economic efficiency criterion, the expected optimum record length is found to be 12 ycars, given that 5 ycars of data are available at the time of the analysis. Objectives like environmental quality and social benefits are disregarded in this analysis.


During the complex time of the �National Reconstruction Process� in Argentina (1976-1983) to be a Jew and to live
in the community context became a challenge, which in many cases meant a risk for those who combined both
political militancy and Judaism. In the following pages we�ll show the different types of discrimination that such
Jews lived during the last Argentinean military regime of the 20th century, both from the government and from
inside the Jewish community. This had an enormous impact in the Jewish Community, especially due to the large
dimension of those killed or tortured for being Jews. Finally, we�ll explain some of the mechanism used to build the
historic reconstruction of memory inside the Jewish community to deal the subject of Jewish disappeared
prisoners.


Introduction:  Low physical fitness and obesity have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Obesity is on the increase in many countries, but little is known about physical fitness trends. Monitoring of changes in fitness and obesity in the population is important for preventive strategies, and the aim of this study was to analyse the secular trends in fitness and body composition in Danish children.


This article deals with the residual stresses in stainless steel fiber-reinforced aluminum composite plates under in-plane loading that have a central filleted hole. In many cases, the residual stresses in the plates increase ability to carry a larger load. The dimensions of the central hole vary from square to circle by increasing fillet radii at the corners. In the study, the effects of the hole dimension, the fillet radius, and the orientation angles on the residual stresses are investigated using the finite element method (FEM) software ANSYS. Results are presented in tabular and graphical forms.


All rings are assumed to be associative and to have a non-zero identity element. A rectangular matrix Μ with elements in a ring A has a diagonal reduction if there exist invertible matrices F, G of appropriate sizes such that FMG = D, where D is a diagonal matrix with Adi Π dtA 3 Adl+1A for all ;'. A ring over which every matrix has a diagonal reduction is called an elementary divisor ring (or e.d.r. for short). If all rows of length 2 and all columns of height 1 have diagonal reductions, the ring is called Hermitian. A module with a distributive lattice of submodules is called a distributive module (rf-module for short). Words such as (/-rings mean that the corresponding conditions are satisfied on the right and on the left. A module in which all finitely generated submodules are cyclic is called a ΒέζοΜ module. The Jacobson radical and the set of all maximal submodules of a module Μ are denoted by J(M) and max(M). The basic results are as follows.


The influence of fire box size,opening area,and LPG leakage rate to the occurrence of flashover was studied.The experiments indicated that it was easier to flashover along with the increase of width,height of vents,leakage rate,and ventilation factor,the smaller area and the lower location of opening,the more possibility and the earlier of the occurrence of flashover was,apart from the extinction under too small opening.In the end,the simulation was conducted,and the comparison was done between the simulation results and experimental data.


5609 Background: Several immunotherapy monotherapies, or combined with antiangiogenic inhibitors, have shown antitumor efficacy in endometrial cancer (EMC) and been approved by FDA. However, therapeutic options for EMC after failure of first-line treatment remain scarce in China. The open-label, multi-cohort, single-arm phase 2 study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of surufatinib (a small-molecule inhibitor of VEGFR 1-3, FGFR1 and CSF-1R) with toripalimab (an anti-PD-1 antibody) for Chinese patients (pts) with EMC after failure of one or more prior lines of systemic treatment. Methods: Pts with EMC who progressed or were intolerable after at least one prior line of systemic antitumor therapy were eligible and enrolled. They received 21-day cycles of surufatinib 250 mg orally, QD, plus toripalimab 240 mg IV, Q3W, until disease progression or reaching the maximum treatment duration with toripalimab of 24 months, or other protocol-specified criteria. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST 1.1. Results: From August 2020 to March 2022, 28 pts were enrolled and received the combination treatment (median duration: 4.6 months). Median age was 58 years (range: 50-71), and 22 (78.6%) pts were endometrioid adenocarcinoma at diagnosis. 9 (32.1%) pts had received ≥2 prior lines of therapy. As of 28 Dec 2022, the median follow-up duration was 16.8 months. Microsatellite status was available in 25 pts. 20 with mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) and 5 with mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) were determined. All 28 pts were evaluable with at least one post-baseline tumor assessment. Efficacy results were: confirmed ORR, 28.6% (8 partial response [PRs]); DCR, 82.1%; mDoR, 5.7 months; mPFS (95%CI), 5.4 months (2.7, 8.3); 12-month OS rate, 71.0%. Among pts with pMMR, the confirmed ORR was 25.0%; DCR was 85.0%; mDoR was 4.2 months; mPFS (95%CI) was 4.0 months (2.7, 8.3); 12-month OS rate was 75.4%. All pts experienced at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE), and 19 (67.9%) of them reported grade ≥3 TEAEs. The most common (≥5% pts) grade ≥3 TEAEs were hypertension (28.6%), aspartate aminotransferase increased (14.3%), alanine aminotransferase increased (10.7%), proteinuria (7.1%), Gamma-glutamyltransferase increased (7.1%) and malignant neoplasm progression (7.1%). No new safety signals were observed. Conclusions: Surufatinib plus toripalimab had a promising antitumor activity and a manageable safety profile in pts with EMC after failure of one or more prior lines of systemic therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT04169672 .


Business Continuity Plan (BCP) is a plan that have function to maintain continuity of business activity during and after the interruption or disaster happen. BCP can be an indicator of how well an organization in prepare to maintain their business activities so that business activities can continue to function even in a state affected by a disruption or disaster. There are several international standards that regulate and provide guidance in establishing BCP. In its implementation, especially for non-profit organizations like educational institutions, diversity factor in forming BCP makes its own difficulties when we want to compare the readiness in the face of a disruption or disaster in an organization to another organization. COBIT 5 is one standard for IT governance that can be used in particular for managing the performance of information technology in a business activity. COBIT 5 can provide direction or guidance on quality systems, planning, management, security, development and management of IT se...


A detailed gross anatomical study of the innervation of the respiratory muscles was made on twenty mature, male, Single Comb White Leghorn chickens. The aim was to demonstrate the general pattern and degree of terminal branching of the intercostal and lumbar nerves that innervate respiratory muscles.


Gauze comprising two different component sections (2 and 3) and a joint (4) which can be cut and connects the two sections (2 and 3), a first section (3) being suitable for surgical use and a second section ( 2) being suitable to act as matrix section (3) which has been used, it characterized in that the joint (4) comprises a strip located between the component sections (2 and 3) of the gauze (1) and connecting the latter, the strip having a precut line (7), suitable to allow the separation by tearing of the component sections (2 and 3).


The present research work studied the formation of conducting polyaniline (PANI) films in acid media. Cyclic voltammetry, under static and forced convection conditions were used for the polymer electrodeposition onto different working electrodes: gold and platinum. It was observed that during the first voltammetric cycle, under static conditions, the aniline oxidation potential is independent of the substrate; although after the first cycle, it was observed that PANI than oxidation process occurs at a smaller potential on the gold electrode, compared to that taking place on platinum, which suggests that different aniline oligomeric species had been deposited on the electrodes surfaces. So far, the results obtained under forced convection conditions indicate a current density increment associated to the first oxidation branch, although subsequently, as the rotation rate increased the polyaniline growth did not occur.


Background. Recent events in our hospital, combined with international recommendations, catalyzed the need to move from mercury sphygmomanometry to automated blood pressure (BP) recording in pregnancy. Aim. To test the accuracy of the Omron T9P automated BP recorder in pregnant women, using mercury sphygmomanometry as the gold standard. Setting. Antenatal clinics and obstetric day assessment unit, St George Hospital, Sydney. Participants. Eighty-five pregnant women, 11% of whom were receiving antihypertensives. Methods. Differences in both systolic and diastolic BP between the T9P Omron device and mercury sphygmomanometer were obtained for each woman, using sequential automated and mercury BP recordings, as required by a modified British Hypertension Society (BHS) protocol. The accuracy of the device was graded according to the BHS and the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) standards. Results. The Omron T9P device received an A/A grade according to this modified BHS and AAMI testing process, though the range of the 255 differences was 1–13 for systolic BP and 1–10 for diastolic BP. Conclusions. The Omron T9P device is an accurate device for use predominantly in an outpatient antenatal clinical setting. Further studies are required solely within hypertensive pregnant women before its use can be recommended with certainty in this group.


SYNOPSIS

The paper outlines the operational experience gained on a number of combined heat and power (CHP) schemes within Wessex Water. Application philosophy is discussed with particular emphasis on economic viability. Capital and revenue costs are presented, together with details of performance. The use of a performance guarantee contract with suppliers is demonstrated and possibilities for future improvements are suggested.


Despite the long history of traditionally used and clinically potential plant Anacyclus pyrethrum (Akarkara; family – Asteraceae) root parts, the plant has never been investigated systematically for the scientific phytochemical and biological studies till date. Thus, present investigation was envisaged to perform experiments to study phytochemical and biological activities. The various extracts and fractions were subjected to phytochemical screening. The complete profile of pharmacognostic standards of plant was established as per standardized procedures. The results revealed that the plant contain alkaloids, anthraquinone glycosides, carbohydrates, tannins and flavonoids. The thin layer chromatography of petroleum ether-, chloroform and methanol extracts showed presence of three-, seven- and five spots. Quantitatively maximum phenolic content was found in ethyl acetate fraction (6.48 % w/w) followed by methanol extract (2.40 % w/w). Various extracts and fractions of plant were screened for antioxidant activity by DPPH method, and the results revealed that maximum activity was shown by ethyl acetate fractions as compared to other test samples. In antimicrobial studies, the zone of inhibition in mm was determined by cup plate method. Amongst various test samples, only the ethyl acetate fraction showed maximum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 7443, Staphylococcus epidermides MTCC 1133, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2449 and Escherichia coli MTCC 1235 followed by methanol extract whereas other test samples were devoid of antibacterial activity. In antifungal study, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited maximum antibacterial and antifungal activity against Candida albicans MTCC 1637 and Aspergillus niger MTCC 1235, followed by methanol extract, whereas other test samples were devoid of antifungal activity. The research findings of the present investigations suggest that phenolic compounds might be responsible for the biological profile of plant. Further, it can be concluded that a complete monograph of plant has been established. These findings are very important for natural product scientists before performing any research work on plant.


Objectіve of the research: To apply the technіque developed by us for the methods of photogrammetry wіth subsequent creatіon of 3D models and theіr research іn space of the graphіc edіtor "3DsMax" concernіng elements of the wound channel formed by knіfe wіth a thіckened tenon edge. The research was carrіed out of the serіes of 15 experіmental and practіcal cases of stab іnjurіes. To make experіmental wound channels caused by pіercіng-cuttіng objects wіth one-sіded sharpenіng of the blade and thіckened tenon edge, algіnate іmpressіon mass wіth rubber-lіke effect «Hydrogum 5» (fіrm «Zhermack», Іtaly) was used. Durіng examіnatіon and measurіng іnjurіes of 3D models by means of a graphіcs edіtor «3ds max» lіnear dіmensіons of certaіn morphologіcal parts of the wound channel were obtaіned to wіthіn 0.001 cm, whіch іs іndіcatіve of the possіbіlіty to іdentіfy fіne-resolutіon of both separate elements and a sharp traumatіc object on the whole. Consіderіng relіable results obtaіned іn the experіment, the method was applіed durіng forensіc expertіse of a stab wound of the cardіac muscle, whіch enabled to іdentіfy the object causіng the іnjury among other pіercіngcuttіng objects presented for expertіse. The results obtaіned are іndіcatіve of hіgh іnformatіon value of the three-dіmensіonal іdentіfіcatіon methods used to fіnd a knіfe wіth a thіckened tenon edge by means of spatіal reconstructіon of the wound channel fragments, whіch provіdes an hіgh level of accuracy іn solutіon of applіed tasks іn modern forensіc practіce and scіence of crіmіnal law.


Ice cream preparation: Ice cream was prepared in an 'ice and salt' type ice cream freezer (5 kg capacity) using ginger shreds atthree different levels, viz. 4 (SI), 6 (S2) and,8 (S3) % by weight of ice cream mix. Yariilla essence No.1 [Mis Bush Boake Allen (India) Ltd., Chennai] was used as Suneeta Pinto I, AK Rathour2*, AOJanaI,J P PrajapatP and MJ Solankyl IDepartment of Dairy Technology, S.M.C. College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110, Gujarat, India 2MalIaan Proteins Ltd. Kosi-Kalan-281 403, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India *Correspondent author, E-mail: email@example.com Received 19 March 2005; Accepted 24 October 2005 flavouring in control (C) @ 1 ml/kg of ice cream mix. The mix had 12% fat, 11% SNF,15% sucrose, 0.25% sodium alginate and 0.15% glycerol mono-stearate. The mixes were homogenized at 75°C and 100 kglcm2 pressure and pasteurized at 70°C/ 30 minutes. It was then cooled to 5aC and aged at same temperature overnight. At a time, 2.5 kg mix was frozen per batch using ice and coarse salt (30% of ice). Ginger shreds were added to the ice cream mix at the time of freezing. Total time taken for freezing was 30-35 minutes. The ice cream was allowed to harden for 1 hour in the same freezer and thefl served


Others have noted that the directions for going forward for regional science are in examining real-world, policy-related issues, and furthering our interdisciplinary and theoretical scope. There are several factors that move us in these directions. One factor concerns public sector decision makers at all levels of government who seek our analytical expertise and advice on an array of public policy questions. A second factor comes from administrators in our home institutions. Finally, our students want to be exposed to the practical application of what we teach and how these applications are relevant to their future. What follows is not a call for new directions in regional science, but a few ideas about how to extend our work, making it more generally relevant, more public policy oriented, and more attractive to scholars in other disciplines- particularly those concerned with the state of education, labor markets, and regional development.


The perspective of the public sphere, despite its utility, has some gaps. Not least is its lack of sociological anchoring in the everyday lives and experiences of citizens. The text argues that we can illuminate the media's role in promoting or hindering participation in the public sphere by making use of the six-dimensional framework of civic cultures.


Pose estimation is a technique used to predict the pose of an object, i.e., its orientation and its position. This technique is needed by the robot to pick up objects that are placed somewhere. In general, this technique is developed with visual input from a camera. The challenge that is usually faced in this technique is the lighting conditions that are not fixed, where the stability of the estimation results in this environment is highly expected. In this study, we first use an RGB-D-NIR camera to provide color (RGB), depth (D), and near-infrared (NIR) inputs which are expected to complement each other. Second, by utilizing data from the camera, we combine it with Guided Filtering Fusion and Deep learning methods. As a preliminary result of the study, we conducted experiments in normal and dark lightning conditions on household objects, with various input combinations; and obtained quite accurate results in dark conditions.


Making well-informed, healthful food choices helps people maintain a high quality of life. This is especially true for consumers suffering from serious diseases and conditions, such as coronary heart disease and diabetes. Two studies examine how the provision of information on trans fat, a nutrient that provides no known beneficial health benefits, in the Nutrition Facts panel influences consumers' product perceptions and purchase intentions. Using a sample of consumers suffering from diabetes, the authors show that trans fat knowledge and level (disclosed in a Nutrition Facts panel) interact to influence risk perceptions of cardiovascular disease. The results also indicate that responses of consumers who are at risk for heart disease are influenced by the interplay among consumer knowledge, trans fat level, and motivation to process nutrition information. Specifically, the authors find that motivation in the absence of knowledge can lead to a misinterpretation of the nutrient information. Overall, the results indicate that without appropriate consumer education programs, the addition of trans fat levels to the Nutrition Facts panel may have limited or even unintended consequences. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these results for public policy.


In this paper, we describe the Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an established technique for wireless communication applications. Typical constraints faced during OFDM transmission are: a large peak-to-mean envelope power ratio, which can result in significant distortion when transmitted through a nonlinear device, such as a transmitter power


The clinical application of transdermal delivery has been limited to lipophilic drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Da. The development of polymeric microneedles enabled the transdermal delivery of larger proteins and drugs. Extensive research has been conducted on the molecular size, solubility, pH, concentration, and polarity of transdermal delivery; however, the maximal molecular weight for transdermal microneedle delivery has not been established. Clinicians often use simple microneedles to deliver high molecular weight growth factors of platelet‐rich plasma across the skin; thus, we set out to explore the feasibility of delivering growth factors through microneedling. In this communication, we present histological evidence that microneedling do not enhance transdermal delivery of growth factors and thus provide no clinical benefit.


Abstract Background Although the heterogeneous nature of psychosis is well established in the literature, genetics, neurophysiology, and neuroimaging have not yet succeeded in an unequivocal classification of the diverse clinical presentations. For the time being, the field relies mostly on a symptom-based, descriptive diagnostic system. The purpose of the current study was to use seven previously identified positive symptom domains to identify possible subgroups of first-episode psychosis (FEP), using cluster analysis. In addition, we tested whether possible subgroups differed across a number of sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods We analyzed data from a large FEP sample (n=247) to identify possible clinical subgroups of psychosis based on positive symptoms; specifically, delusion and hallucination domains resulting from previous factor analyses of Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) items in this sample. A rigorous methodology was applied to perform cluster analysis and identify FEP subgroups. Kruskal-Wallis tests with pairwise post-hoc comparisons were used to check the differences in each positive symptom domain between the subgroups. Bivariate analyses comparing subgroups on a number of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were performed. Results Five FEP subgroups were identified based on the severity of seven domains of delusions and hallucinations. Three of them (Mild Positive Symptoms Subgroup, Moderate Positive Symptoms with Sin/Guilt and Jealousy Delusions Subgroup, Severe Positive Symptoms Subgroup) shared a similar psychopathological profile, with typical psychotic symptoms differing in severity. Another subgroup was characterized by high severity on typical and atypical symptoms (Severe Mixed Atypical Positive Symptoms Subgroup), and the other by high severity in somatic delusions (Somatic Delusions Subgroup). The five subgroups did not significantly differ in terms of gender, age at onset, family history, mode of onset of psychosis, premorbid functioning, and alcohol and non-cannabis drug use disorders, though some potential signals were identified, (but not reaching statistical significance due to small sample sizes in the subgroups). Significantly different prevalence rates of cannabis use disorder were found across the five subgroups. Discussion In our analysis, five possible FEP subgroups were identified based on the severity of seven domains of delusions and hallucinations: three of them shared a similar psychopathological profile differing in severity, and two were characterized by different atypical symptoms. Despite several acknowledged limitations, our results highlight the potential to identify clinical phenotypic subgroups of FEP, which may be helpful in future research aimed at filling the gaps between clinical, neuropathological, and genetic explanations of psychosis etiology. Such an approach may also lead to better targeted preventive interventions and more individualized and effective treatments.


A hydraulic unit for the supply of a hydraulic cylinder in successive load strokes is monitored for its workload down to cause an automatic state determination of the aggregate. For this purpose the time integral of the pressure is determined in each load stroke. Pressure and time are processed to give a measure which indicates the wear. Thus, a condition diagnosis of the hydraulic unit at any time.


Manis, which are called with different names in the geography of Anatolia, show similarities in terms of form and content in general. Mani read within a particular tradition also reflects poetry taste of the Turkish people ideally. This study benefits from the data of field research that we have done. Mani and the tradition of reading Mani which has been got through compilation in the field, transmitted from generation to generation, which has specific rules and reflects the mentality, love, longing, feeling, and behavior of local people and culture of the region are going to form the main part of the study. In addition to this, characteristics of Terekeme (Karapapak) Turks' dialect are also dwelled on.


The Levi-Straussian approach to the study of myth is still the subject of lively debate. On the one hand the epistemology of the basic assumptions and analytical procedures has been criticised, on the other the method, where applied, has never failed to produce insights. An early-recorded Zulu 'folk-tale' is subjected to structural analysis. A clear structure emerges in which the two sections of the myth appear as transformations of one another and the basic shifts in the narrative are presided over by mediators. It is suggested that the 'message' is a subliminal attempt to mediate between the strong Freudian drives towards incest and the strict incest and exogamy rules of Zulu culture.


Objective To identify the pathogenic gene in a southern Chinese family having autosomal dominant congenital cataract.Design Experimental study.Participants A Chinese family with hereditary nuclear cataract was enrolled.Method A Chinese family with inherited cataract treated at Beijing Tongren Hospital was recruited.Detailed family history was recorded.Blood was taken from the proband and available family members.Candidate genes sequencing was performed by sequencing of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) products.Bioinformatics analysis was then used to evaluate the effect of the amino acid change.Main Outcome Measures Gene sequences.Results Ophthalmologic examination showed that the congenital cataract phenotype of the family was nuclear cataract.Candidate genes sequencing revealed a CG transition at position c.565 in the GJA8 gene.The mutation led to a Proline to Alanine substitution in position p.189 and was not found in unaffected family members and 100 unrelated controls.Bioinformatics analysis showed that the detected mutation was located within a highly conserved region and probably damaged the structure as well as function of GJA8 gene.Conclusions A novel GJA8 gene mutation was found to be associated with hereditary nuclear cataract in a Chinese ADCC family.The second extracellular domain of Cx50 may play an important role in maintaining the transparency of the lens.


The paper concentrates on different aspects of animal personhood. It first analyses the ethics behind common claims concerning animal personhood, and investigates the views on animal minds. Secondly, it goes through three different approaches to personhood, which are the qualitative, ontological, and quantitative approaches. The claim is that out of these three, the latter is the strongest alternative. It implies that many animals can be considered persons, which again carries clear implications to how other animals ought to be treated.


(The Ftrfurc of A h k i n d , Chicago, 1961 ), etc. have appreciated what Kicrkegaard and Nictzsche did in puncturing the nineteenth centur). delusions of omniscience. They neetllc anyone who is too sure about history, anyone who is losing the sense of precariousness in human systems. Is it not possible that the Orb. rmization Scientists arc inviting the kind of rigidity that mistakes means for ends and perpetuates practices after they have lost their instnimental value? By playing down the ethical assumptions, may they not lie mistaking practices that are "effective in the U.S.A. in 1962'' for generally effective practices? \'c have already allutlcd to the broadcning of management's conception of organizational goals and purposes to include such matters as "job satisfactions" and "public relations." In the U.S.A., in 1962, these broader goals and duties arc rationalized as instnimental values. The, "ultimate" purpose, to which they arc instrumental, is "the maximization of profit" and the survival of the enterprise under the most adverse conditions that are anticipntcd (minimas). But can n'e assume this relation of instrumental to ultimate valiies in a century that has already witnessed fnndamcntal changes in tlic mnditions of organizational life: deflation and inflation, labor scarcity and surplus, ivar and peace, etc? The relative importance of profit maximization for in*cliistrial organizations may lie aKcctcd, not merely by the probability of hard times, but also by tlic probability of public regulation (which puts a new value on "sharc-of-tliemarket"), by the probability of nationalization, by the probability of alliances with regions that have an anti-utilitarian leadcrship, ete. I am not trying to be a Jeremiah, pushing the panic Iiuttons marked "antomation," "population explosion" and "nuclear war." I won't even dnell on the possiliility that ths demand for high intelligcnce xvill become so great that industry mill liave to claim the services of all of the brightest \vomen. AIy purpose in mentioning these "remote possibilities" is only to provoke a moment's thought on tlic following question: Is Organization Theory being developed and cxplained in such a \yay that existing organizations will be more adaptal~lc, in the event of radical changes of conditions? Or, arc most renders of Organization Theory being encouraged to espcct only minor changes in practices that now fit neatly into the 1962 hierarchy of purposes? Arc w e forgetting what Nictzsclie said aliout the revaluation of a11 values?


Configuration of an application-specific instruction-set processor (ASIP) through an exhaustive search of the design space is computationally prohibitive. We propose a novel algorithm that models the design space using local regressions. With only a small subset of the design space sampled, our model uses statistical inference to estimate all remaining points. We used our approach to tune a two-level cache with 19,278 legal configurations. Only 1% of the design space was simulated resulting in a 100times speedup over a brute-force approach, hi doing so, we were able to identify near optimal configurations for most benchmarks and reduce the overall power of the processor by 13.9% on average, with one benchmark as high as 53%.


Socially anxious people report less closeness to others, but very little research has examined how social anxiety is related to closeness in real-time social interactions. The present study investigated social anxiety, closeness, and cortisol reactivity in zero-acquaintance interactions between 84 same-sex dyads (168 participants). Dyads engaged in either a high or low self-disclosure discussion task and completed self-report measures of closeness and desired closeness post-task. Salivary cortisol was collected before, during, and after the self-disclosure task. Multilevel models indicated that in the high self-disclosure condition, individuals higher in social anxiety displayed flatter declines in cortisol than those lower in social anxiety; cortisol declines were not significantly related to social anxiety in the low self-disclosure condition. Further, across both conditions, individual's social anxiety was associated with decreased levels of closeness and desired closeness, particularly when individuals were paired with partners higher in social anxiety. These findings are discussed in relation to previous work on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal function, social anxiety, and interpersonal closeness.


We present a model of public good provision with a distributor. Our main result describes a symmetric mixed-strategy equilibrium, where all agents contribute to a common fund with probability $p$ and the distributor provides either a particular amount of public goods or nothing. A corollary of this finding is the efficient public good provision equilibrium where all agents contribute to the common fund, all agents are expected to contribute, and the distributor spends the entire common fund for the public good provision.


A multinomial logit model is estimated with survey data from California milk producers to test hypotheses of factors affecting adoption of bovine somatotropin. The model is used to forecast adoption rates and to derive implications of adoption patterns on the structure of the California dairy industry.


E-learning has helped many nations to generate, disseminate, use, and expand internet based learning among citizens for the benefit o f society and the economy. While faced with the challenge caused by many years o f wars and conflict, Afghanistan is harnessing E-learning techniques to expand education and training opportunities in the face o f lack o f infrastructure and very low literacy levels. Whereas a number o f E-learning initiatives exist in the higher education sector, there has not been an attempt to carry out a country E-leaming readiness assessment. This project presents a first step towards addressing this need by identifying factors that support viability o f E-learning; measuring various stakeholders* perceptions o f Elearning readiness, and the impact o f factors such as gender and education levels on Eleaming perceptions; and the relationships that exist between technology and educational


A theory of behavior in a two-valenced psychoecological space is presented. It is an extension of Miller's theory of approach-avoidance mechanisms into a two-dimensional space. It incorporates a learning theory, which describes how the approach and avoidance gradients are built up following experiences over time. It also includes a choice model for an individual's action within the space. The theory describes an organism as active in its psychoecological space, interacting with the environment. The theory is explicated mathematically with a combination of algebraic and stochastic functions and simulated on a computer parallel to an illustratory experimental example with the behavior of rats in an open-field situation with positive reinforcement and punishment at different spatial positions. Examples from simulations with different learning and choice parameters are given together with examples of the changing approach and avoidance surfaces. The predicted behavior patterns are compared with empirical findings in the open-field observations, and the results are used to determine plausible sets of parameter values for the different experimental conditions.


First, through a single factor test, it was determined that the conveying and feeding speed range was 0.9~1.5 m/s, the rotating speed range of straw chopper shaft was 1900~2300 r/min, and the moisture content of straw was 26~34%. Then the Box–Behnken experimental design method was adopted, with conveying and feeding speed, cutter shaft rotation speed, and straw moisture content as influencing factors; small and stable specific power consumption and maximum coverage uniformity are taken as evaluation indexes. The influence rules of various factors on operation indexes were analyzed, and response surface analysis was carried out. Further, the optimization function in Design-Expert12.0 was used to determine the optimal parameter combination as follows: Conveying and feeding speed of 0.8 m/s, rotating speed of cutter shaft of 2059.9 r/min, moisture content of straw of 30.7%, corresponding specific power consumption and coverage uniformity of 1163 J/s2 and 99.1%, respectively. Finally, the seeding system was mounted behind the straw crushing and scattering system for a field verification test. The results showed that when the crushing and scattering system of the whole machine operates with the design parameters, the specific power consumption was 1260 J/s2, the uniformity of straw coverage was 94.7%, and the error with the experimental value was less than 5%. The effect was better than the standard requirement. The test realized the crushing and uniform coverage of high-quality straw residues after rice harvest, which proved the scientific and reliable test-bed of the crushing and scattering system.


What is the role of oceans in shaping our future and
ensuring sustainability of the planet Earth? We know that
life originated in the ocean almost three billion years
earlier than on land which means that oceans make the
planet Earth habitable. We need to focus our attention on
'oceans' as they control weather, climate and hazards,
provide us energy, food and mineral resources as well as
an ecosystem to survive.


A new concept weapons definition is introduced first,and Delphi expert investigation method is employed to analysis for the new conception weapons that we focus on primarily.Then the characteristics of new concept weapons in the new historical development process are revealed,and our coping strategy to offer guidance for the development is also proposed,as well the technology research of the future new concept weapon equipments in our country.


Abstract A new 7-beam methanol multibeam receiver was successfully commissioned at Parkes Observatory in January 2006, and has begun surveying the Milky Way for newly forming massive stars, that are pinpointed by strong methanol maser emission at 6.7 GHz. The receiver was jointly constructed by Jodrell Bank Observatory and the Australia Telescope National Facility for use on the Parkes and Lovell Telescopes. The whole galactic plane is being surveyed within latitudes ±2°, with a velocity resolution of 0.1 km s−1 and a 5-σ sensitivity of ~0.7 Jy. Altogether 200 days of observing will be required.


Despite its seriousness, food fraud has not received the necessary attention in Ghana's discourse on food safety. Food fraud is generally considered as the intentional misrepresentation of the contents or identity of food for economic gain. The study was aimed at assessing the food fraud awareness level of participants as well as the foods most likely to be implicated in food fraud cases in Tamale, Ghana. Data was collected from 385 participants, including food business operators and consumers, via a simple random sampling technique using a structured questionnaire. Most participants (54%) were not aware of food fraud and its related activities before the study. Beverages and juices, fruits and vegetables, spices, oils, meat and fish, baked foods, honey, milk, and semi-processed local foods such as groundnut paste, "Dawadawa," "Kulikuli zim," and "Agushi powder" were all revealed to be implicated in food fraud by respondents. Adulteration was the most common food fraud action, but tampering, substitution, and mislabeling were also identified as ongoing in the study area. "Moora" (Bixa orellana seeds) was revealed as the key adulterant used in most foods. Food fraud, which is a threat to consumer health and well-being, is active in the region and is predicted to increase without strict regulation and increased sensitization about its dangers. The fight against food fraud should be refocused on making food defense systems like vulnerability analysis and critical control points (VACCP) a key aspect of food safety systems to tackle food fraud.


A drum-type sand cooling machine belongs to the technical field of casting equipment. One end of a rotatable horizontal-type drum is provided with a hot sand inlet and a hot gas outlet, the other end thereof is provided with a cold sand outlet and a cold and moist air inlet; the cold and moist air inlet is butted with a cold and moist air outlet with a blower micro-atomization device by a rotary bracket; a plurality of spoon-shaped sand-winnowing plates which are evenly distributed in an interlacing way are fastened inside the drum along the axis direction of a drum body; the drum body is linked with a motor in a deceleration and transmission way; and a spraying device is arranged over the drum. The drum body can be supported on two groups of supporting wheels below by two ring-shaped rolling rings on the drum body, a driven tooth ring is sheathed and fastened on the drum body between the two ring-shaped rolling rings, and a driving gear driven by the motor deceleration is meshed with the driven tooth ring. The drum-type sand cooling machine has the advantages of: high sand cooling efficiency, small sand smashing rate, function of sand-clearing, simple maintenance, low energy consumption, and being especially suitable for need of production lines with fast tempo.


A listing of currently active clinical trials in the Philadelphia, PA, area is provided. Trials are listed that examine anti-HIV therapies, immune-based therapies, therapies for the prevention of opportunistic infections, and treatments for opportunistic infection and AIDS-related conditions. One study is actively recruiting women for the treatment of cervical dysplasia. Two new studies are examining the role nutrition plays in HIV disease. An observational study will monitor HIV-RNA levels following the initiation of 3TC to a stable regimen. Details about the trials are available in the Directory of Philadelphia Area HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials or by calling the AIDS Clinical Trials Information Service.


A screwy torus topology (STorus) is proposed to improve the performance of network that memory access oriented. STorus divides an optical network into two subnets, and employs waveguide hierarchy. Comparisons between STorus and mesh are made, connecting with 4 memory controllers.


This chapter is devoted to clinical feasibility studies: of (i) AMPAR peptide in assessment of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), (ii) predicting the risk of cerebrovascular accident after mild TBI using NMDAR peptide and antibodies, and (iii) AMPAR antibodies in evaluation of post-traumatic epilepsy in persons after moderate TBI. The data on patient cohorts in emergency department and military settings are described.


The purpose of my examine has been to find out in what extension the pedagogue adopt the play in the teaching and how the play is usable. I have even wanted to examine how the pedagogue thinks abou ...


Drawing on my thesis study (Jurczyszyn 2013), I present selected findings which shed light on how care leavers can be better supported in their pursuit of higher and further education. In this paper I focus on the role of graduate endurance, exploring how, despite the odds, a small number of care leavers successfully transition from OOHC to higher education. It is hoped that this discussion contributes to the formulation of policy and practice designed to increase educational opportunity and encouragement, and assistance and support, for these young people.


Clinical decision making is increasingly guided by accurate and recurrent determination of presence and frequency of (somatic) variants and their haplotype through panel sequencing of disease-relevant genomic regions. Haplotype calling (phasing), however, is difficult and error prone unless variants are located on the same read which limits the ability of short-read sequencing to detect, e.g., co-occurrence of drug-resistance variants. Long-read panel sequencing enables direct phasing of amplicon variants besides having multiple other benefits, however, high error rates of current technologies prevented their applicability in the past. We have developed nanopanel2 (np2), a variant caller for Nanopore panel sequencing data. Np2 works directly on base-called FAST5 files and uses allele probability distributions and several other filters to robustly separate true from false positive calls. It effectively calls SNVs and INDELs with variant allele frequencies (VAF) as low as 1% and 5% respectively and produces only few low-frequency false-positive calls. Haplotype compositions are then determined by direct phasing. Np2 is the first somatic variant caller for Nanopore data, enabling accurate, fast (turnaround <48h) and cheap (sequencing costs ~10$/sample) diagnostic workflows.


Based on Slade's work in 1936, it has long been considered that a skew coefficient is not reliable if it is computed from a sample of less than 140 items. This limitation is erroneous and has acted as a deterrent to the use of computed frequency distributions. A table of the standard error of the skew coefficient is presented to assess the value of a skew coefficient from any sized sample.


Edible films and coatings have long been used for food protection and shelf life improvement. Essential components for producing edible films and coatings are biopolymers, plasticizers and certain optional ingredients. Edible films and coatings have been used as vehicles for delivery of minerals such as calcium, zinc, iron and magnesium and also for delivery of vitamins such as niacin, riboflavin, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C in food products such as vegetables, rice, etc. However, there are limited studies focused on dairy products. In the present review, the scope of such edible coatings for delivery of micronutrients is presented. Keywords: Edible films, plasticizers, Polysaccharides, Milk protein Cite this Article Jotarkar Parameshwar Sarangdhar, Narender Raju Panjagari. Scope of edible packaging for micronutrient fortification of dairy products. Research & Reviews: Journal of Dairy Science and Technology . 2015; 4(3): 22–31p.


In this paper we present empirical results concerning the interplay between the development of dependency in activities for daily living (ADL),the informal support from a partner, and the mode of public old age care (OAC) services among the very old (75+). We also study excess-mortality conditional on the mode of OAC. Three forms of publicly provided OAC are distinguished: independent living in ordinary home without public support, independent living in ordinary home or special accommodations with home help and home health care, and living in special accommodations with round-the-clock-care. Our results suggest, given the level of ADL and age, that the propensity to move to a more intensive mode of care was higher for women compared to men. There was, however, also an effect of the availability of informal care support that moved in the opposite direction; men with a partner were more likely to move from home-help service to a living in special accommodation, while women with a partner were more likely to remain with the same care mode than women without a partner. We also find a lower mortality among cohabitants with home-help services, while it is higher among cohabitants with special accommodation. Our estimates furthermore show the importance of removing the influence of unobserved heterogeneity.


The regioselectivities in the uncatalyzed and catalyzed
Diels–Alder (DA) reactions of juglone with piperylene
(penta-1,3-diene) or 2,3-dimethylpenta-1,3-diene have been investigated,
employing Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride (BF
 3
) and
sterically hindered aluminium catalysts in order to verify the role of
the secondary orbital interactions (SOI). While the results of the
uncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions using BF
 3
 or aluminium
trimethoxide agree with the prediction made by the frontier molecular
orbital (FMO) theory considering SOI, steric repulsion of the aluminium
catalysts causes orderly changes to the ratios of the product
regioisomers, which could be interpreted by diminution of SOI. The
transition states are located by AM1 calculations and their energies are
estimated by CDNO/2-CI and ab initio 6-31G* calculations. The
regioselectivities observed in the experiments are explained by
comparison of their energies. A zwitterionic mechanism in the catalyzed
reaction was strongly supported and the molecular orbital feature
suggests the contribution of SOI which would stabilize the transition
state to control the reaction pathway.


The calcium carbonate crystals of biological systems occur as calcite, as aragonite, and-less commonly-as vaterite. The reasons for the formation of a particular type of crystal in a given organism are not well understood, although studies of crystallization in solutions have indicated factors which may play a role. These include the presence of organic compounds, inorganic salts, and variations in temperature (Saylor, 1928 ; Kitano, 1962; Kitano et al. 1962; Curl, 1962; Wilbur and Yonge, in press). In molluscs calcium carbonate crystals are usually formed in association with an organic matrix, and it has been suggested that the chemical structure of the matrix may determine the type of crystal (Roche et al., 1951; Ranson, 1952; Watabe and Wilbur, 1960). Temperature also appears to have an influence on the type of crystal deposited by animals. Lowenstam (1954a, b ) found that in organisms which deposited both aragonite and calcite the proportion of aragonite was higher in those animals that lived a t higher environmental temperatures. The first, considered in SECTION I, concerns the influence of three conditions on crystal type: (1) the presence of organic matrices taken from aragonitic and calcitic shells; (2) alteration of temperature; and (3) the supply of nitrogen. In investigating the influence of the matrix we have determined the crystal types which form on decalcified matrices taken from various molluscan species and introduced into other species or recalcified in vitro. The effects of temperature on crystal type have been examined in two systems, the regenerating shell of the snail Viviparus intertextus and the alga Coccolithus huxbyi. The effect on crystal type of reducing the nitrogen content of the medium has also been observed in C. huxleyi. SECTION I1 concerns the relation of crystal formation to cell structure in C. huxleyi. This cell provides an especially interesting opportunity for study of this relationship in that one strain normally forms no CaC03 crystals but can be induced to calcify by reducing the nitrogen content of the medium.


Tongue computer based segmentation spline Sineikesi (the Snakes) model, the tongue is Tongue image segmentation from the background to subsequent analysis feature. In the present invention, the tongue image capture with a digital camera, and the image input to the computer for processing, transport and other operations. Method characterized in comprising: a statistical analysis according to the shape of the tongue, to define a rectangular area outer boundary tongue profile template; 2 employs gray projection analysis, to obtain a rectangular area to determine the approximate location of the tongue and. size; 3. proposed contour initialization tongue projection method based on gray rigid template; 4. Add about tongue profile prior knowledge Sineikesi energy function (the Snakes) model; and 5 using catmull-Rom spline Sineikesi (the Snakes) model represents a tongue profile, and using conventional methods to optimize Greedy, tongue profile to obtain a color image of the tongue, the tongue segmented region. The division accurate and practical.


An overview of Electro-Magnetic Tomography (EMT) using mutual inductance measurements is presented. The paper reviews the technique and principle of operation and gives a description of three case studies, which cover some of the generic design considerations and which illustrate the potential variety for inductive EMT systems. Results from the systems are described. These systems are presently experimental and possible future developments and applications are discussed.


The study investigates the electrophysiological signature for Categorical Perception (CP) of lexical tones. Mandarin level and rising tones are the targets and nonspeech counterparts, using pure tones with the same pitch contours, are synthesized as controls. The results show that in lexical tone condition, across-category deviant elicits Mismatch Negativity (MMN) but within-category deviant does not. In pure tone condition, neither deviant elicits significant MMN. The result indicates CP of lexical tones can be observed by MMN signal. It also suggests that before listener does the overt decision, brain activates differently to lexical tones from nonspeech pitches.


The system constituting the ISN (Intelligent Service Networking) store-based overlay network dynamic is the ISN store that registers and manages information about network OT resource for providing an overlay network-based service that exists on the network, the overlay network based on with the request of the service user to use the service provider and the overlay network-based service provided by the service receiving network OT resource information necessary for providing the overlay network-based service from the ISN store, and requests using the received network OT resource information DCON constituting the overlay network for providing services dynamically (dynamic configuration of overlay network) network that provides network OT resource for providing an overlay network-based service that exists on the device and the network OT Source and a provider.


The aim of this paper is to emphasize the role of the developing network of roads and motorways in the Polish economy and its impact upon expanding competitive solutions in alliance with the ferry shipping industry. The paper begins with an assessment of Poland within its geographical location in Europe and of its economic connections with other European nations. The first part of the paper presents the current situation of road infrastructure in Poland. The second part presents the proposed transport corridors which cross a series of European countries and the plans for development of the sections of these routes located in Poland. The next part assesses the advantages for Poland and for ferry shipping in particular.


Introduction: Senior citizens or the elderly people are a group of people in the society considered as a growing population with special needs in the developed contemporary world. Since they have special needs, it is essential to care about the quality of their life because of the dangers which threaten them. Since the social health of the retirees is decreased as a result of exiting from the workplace and directly affecting their life quality, the researcher has done the present study. Methodology : This paper which is a descriptive- analytic study has been periodically done in the second half of 2013. The participants were 227 senior retirees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data have been collected through a reliable and valid questionnaire of life quality related to health (sf-36) and social well-being of KEYES. The data then were analyzed using SPSS.19 and descriptive statistics and paired t-test, one way ANOVA test and Pearson correlation were use as well. Findings : There is a significant linear relation between life quality variable related to the health and social well-being components (P<0.05). There is also a significant correlation between the variables like age, sex, marital status, duration of employment and life quality. Results : Regarding the findings of the study, it seems that the policy makers and planners need to create a kind of active integration and balance in society according to the available devices and facilities, and try to apply a proper information system to eliminate the cultural problems, reinforce the social relations and coherences in order to increase the life quality of senior retires.