The value chains of fresh fruits and vegetables are sensitive to timeliness and require a quick information flow. Keeping in view its importance, this study has focused on mapping the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) along the citrus value chain, including information channels being used, factors influencing ICT use, challenges, and weaknesses faced by value chain stakeholders. Cross-sectional data were mainly collected by structured and semi-structured interviews with value chain stakeholders and key informants. The citrus industry is very important for Pakistan as it is the 4th most important export commodity. There are two product flows in the citrus value chain, one is more traditional with abundant intermediaries, in which contractors, commission agents and wholesalers are the main stakeholders, and the other is export-oriented with processors and exporters (P&Es) as the main stakeholders. It has been noticed that growers are not using ICT extensively at the production stage. Logit analysis has proved that education significantly has influenced ICT use while age has a negative impact on ICT use at the production stage. Mobile usage is quite common at the production stage and intermediary trade; however, the use of the internet is very limited as the majority of intermediaries have lower education. Moreover, both mobile phones and internet are used to a significant extent along the export oriented flow. The results have indicated that there is a vast digital divide among value chain players. Processors and exporters are high ICT users followed by growers and intermediaries. In order to develop an effective information system, all the stakeholders in the chain need to have a certain level of knowledge and expertise of ICT use to improve information use efficiency. This study presents a whole picture of ICT use along the citrus value chain as well as challenges faced by different stakeholders. It also provides suggestions for policymakers to establish an ICT-based information system and enhance ICT adoption at each stage, especially production and intermediary trade, which can further increase growers' market participation and improve market efficiency. In addition, it is necessary to make policies under the value chain framework rather than just focused on one stage or one stakeholder.


The analysis of eradication therapy of patients with peptic ulcer of stomach and duodenal ulcers, treated in the health care institutions of various property forms is done. The data compared with the standards and recommendations for the treatment of this disease.


Narrow gap In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP solar cells illuminated through a transparent InP substrate are the best candidates for fabrication on their base bottom cells combined with GaAs or InP top cells in mechanically stacked tandem concentrator solar cells. The In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP (hereafter InGaAs) heterostructures were grown by liquid phase epitaxy. They consist of four epitaxial layers: n-InP (buffer); n-InGaAs and p-InGaAs (photoactive); p/sup +/-InGaAs (barrier+contact). This work describes the influence of an InP/InGaAs window/emitter interface region, emitter and base thickness on the collection efficiency of solar cells and the short-circuit current. The thick (1.7-2.0 /spl mu/m) and slightly doped emitter maximizes the photocarrier generation in the emitter and space charge depletion region. Our study shows that collection efficiency values as high as 90% were measured in the spectral range of 1000-1600 nm for developed cells. It allowed us to obtain a photocurrent of 30.6 mA/cm/sup 2/ (AM0, 1 Sun). This result was confirmed in the NASA LeRC.


Magnetic particles are an actual tool which has multiple use in many subjects including industrial processes, chemical separation, analytical chemistry and medicine. The major progress in this field has been made in the last few years. In this mini review, specific field of electrochemical analyses is surveyed and description of new methods where magnetic particles play a significant role is elucidated. Discussion about the current electrochemical protocols written in the current literature and expectation for the next development of biosensors construction, portable sensor systems and electrochemical methods where magnetic particles are a vital part necessary for analyte isolation is given here.


PurposeLiterature around the careers of female academics is targeted mainly toward identifying and examining career progression inhibitors, while the drivers appear largely unexplored. This paper aims to contribute to contemporary knowledge by identifying drivers to the career progression of female academics in Australia. With COVID-19 currently impacting the careers of female academics this knowledge can assist universities and human resource (HR) professionals in developing policies and practices to better facilitate female academic career progression.Design/methodology/approachEmpirically this paper draws on a qualitative study of 18 male and 29 female academics, as well as nine senior university stakeholders. The authors employed semi-structured interviews and a novel methodology, Draw, Write, Reflect.FindingsIn line with attribution theory, senior stakeholders mainly identified organisational efforts, including leadership, gender equity endeavours, recruitment and promotion approaches, as well as a construct known as "relative to opportunity considerations", as drivers of female academics' career progression. Female academics, however, largely attributed their career progression to personal factors, such as family support, informal mentoring, and determination and persistence.Practical implicationsThe findings have implications for universities and HR practices seeking to facilitate female academic career progression. Implementation of the drivers identified may enhance female academics' abilities to progress their careers.Originality/valueBy focussing on the drivers of, rather than the barriers to, female academic careers, the research is novel in its identification of a previously unexplored mismatch between organisational attribution and individual attribution of career progression drivers thereby advancing knowledge of gender differences in academic careers.


Yu Hua was regarded as the representative of thesevanguard writers. In his novel's former and latter pe-riods, the changes of narrative way just embody and represent the trend,direction and necessity of pioneer novels. On narrative time ,object and attitude,his novels have undergone a respectively successful transformation from broken ambiguity to concrete definition,from people's lust to character, from indifference and intensity to mildness and relaxation.


Objective: To determine the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in polycystic ovary (PCO) of rat. Methods: PCO model of rat was established. Ovaries were fixed and processed for ultrastructural observation. DNA fragments in apoptotic cells were detected by in situ DNA 3' end labeling method. Results: (1)Apoptotic bodies were observed in PCO ovary of rat. (2) Apoptotic signals were detected by DNA3' end labeling method in PCO ovary of rat. Conclusion: The granulosa cell apoptosis was associated with PCO of rat.


The aim of this article is to provide a systematic numerical experimental method to evaluate the thermomechanical reliability of plastic ball grid array (PBGA) under thermal cycling based on the Taguchi method. An L18(21 × 37) orthogonal array is designed for selecting eight control factors of BGA, which includes Printed Circuit Board) dimensions, substrate dimensions, dimensions of solder joints, the thickness of silicon die and the thickness of encapsulation molding compound. The Taguchi method evaluation shows that the best matching combination of geometry parameters for improving the reliability of solder under thermal cycling. It builds a basis for future work for design and reliability evaluation of PBGA packaging. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Total proteins and the helianthinin (11S) fraction from sunflower seeds were chemically modified by acetylation and succinylation. Extent of acetylation was 12, 51, 52, or 56% for total proteins and 12, 36, 69, or 71% for helianthinin; extent of succinylation was 8, 21, 33, or 49% for total proteins and 10, 30, 44 or 61% for helianthinin. Extent of modification was monitored by the availability of free lysyl residues in the proteins. Effects of modification were studied by absorption/fluorescence and sedimentation velocity analysis. UV absorption max. shifted to higher wavelengths in total proteins and in helianthinin following modification; there was also an increase in absorbance at 260 nm as a function of increased chemical modification. The sedimentation velocity profile indicated dissociation of the proteins to low mol. wt. fraction (2S) through a 7S component. Dissociation occurred at low modification levels in both total proteins and in helianthinin. There was a gradual red shift and quenching in the fluorescence emission max. at higher modification levels indicating the denaturation of the proteins as a result of chemical modification. Thermal denaturation of modified proteins was studied. Changes in absorbance as a function of temp. indicated minor changes suggesting that the conformation of the proteins has already been altered to a significant extent by chemical modification. [From En summ.]


The harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) population of the Barents and White seas has probably decreased from about one million individuals to half this size the last few years. Energy requirements of the population have been estimated by use of the simulation model SEAERG. In this model the energy requirements of an individual seal from each age group is multiplied with the group size and summed to provide the requirements of the population. In addition to population size and age structure the total food and energy requirement is sensitive to individual activity levels as well as metabolic levels and other specified physiological functions. The interactions between the seal population and fisheries depends on the caloric density of the prey species which varies with season and location. Realistic simulations of interactions between seals and fisheries require more information about spatial and temporal variations in the prey selection of harp seals than is available today. Present estimates indicate average maintenance requirements of about 13,600 and ll,150kcal/day for adult female and male harp seals respectively. The high value for the females is due to the costs of pregnancy and lactation. With a mean energy density of prey of 1500 kcal/kg, the corresponding food consumption is 9 kg/day for females and 7.4 kg/day for males.


The NATO and UK Single Fuel Policies outline the intent for a single battlefield fuel (JP8) to minimise fuel logistic requirements in theatre. This policy also establishes targets for the removal of petrol (gasoline) from operations by 2015. In response to this policy, the Royal Navy established its own objectives for the removal of petrol-reliant equipments within the maritime domain. The Diesel Engines Group, with cooperation from EP Barrus Ltd, developed a 44hp outboard engine prototype, which is capable of operating on naval fuels. This 44hp project is part of an overall development programme that aims to provide a family of outboard engines that will operate on fuels that will continue to be supported by platforms at sea, while still meeting the necessary performance requirements for small boat operations. Engineers remain challenged to provide robust, non-petrol burning units at the required powers while still meeting the necessary levels of equipment power-density for each application—standards that were historically simple to meet with conventional, carburetted, two-stroke, petrol outboards. This paper discusses the 44hp project and the challenges facing the team for the continued development of a family of power-dense, non-petrol outboard engines.


The main objectives of the present study was to characterize the bacteria Escherichia coli isolated from patients infected with pyogenic skin infections and bacteriophage isolated from the cocktail of sewage samples. The study was also focussed to evaluate the stability and in vitro efficacy of bacteriophage lytic activity against multidrug resistant E. coli. A total of 83 bacteria among 114 samples were isolated from the patients of pyogenic skin infections of three major hospitals of Davangere city, examined over a period of twelve months. Escherichia coli were found to be one among four major causative agents including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aerugeinosa and Proteus mirabilis. Four E. coli strains were isolated by following standard conventional microbiological methods and screened for multidrug resistance by disc diffusion method. The taxonomical identification by conventional microbiological studies of E. coli was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Among the tested E. coli isolates 3 were resistant to most of the antibiotics and one against all the antibiotics tested. The mixture of sewage originated from hospital, municipal and domestic waste was used as source for the isolation of potent bacteriophage ΦDMEC-1 having lytic activity against multidrug resistant E. coli. The phage was identified as belonging to the family Siphoviridae and characterized for host range and stability in terms of lytic after different time intervals of storage. The phage retained lytic activity against the host for 3 months period. The present study reveals that E. coli strains are one among the major bacterial causative agents of pyogenic skin infections which are multidrug resistant. Highly potent and stable Bacteriophage ΦDMEC-1 isolated from the sewage cocktail showing good lytic activity on multi drug resistant DMEC-1 and has a broad host range on E. coli strains isolated. The study shows the prevalence of multidrug resistant E. coli in pyogenic skin infections and further insists to study on other multidrug resistant bacteria. The study also has an impact on isolation of bacteriophages as an alternative to antibiotics, to fight on the threatening act of various multidrug resistant bacteria.


Dual antiplatelet therapy has been extensively studied in the last two decades, giving opportunities for thorough evidence-based recommendations. The ESC/EACTS guidelines on DAPT in CAD provide guidance for DAPT type and duration, maintaining a patient-centred focus. Patient-specific and dynamic evaluation of the ischaemic and bleeding risks is key for optimal treatment decisions.


We give a brief introduction to the group field theory (GFT) formalism for quantum gravity, a 2nd quantised reformulation of loop quantum gravity and spin foam models and a group-theoretic enrichment of the purely combinatorial tensor models. We then review some recent key developments concerning: the definition and analysis of 4d gravity models, progress in GFT renormalisation, and the extraction of effective cosmological dynamics from GFT condensates.


A negative pressure water irrigation device was used to supply nutrient solution directly for cherry tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum var.cerasiforme).Setting water supply tension to control stable soil moisture regime,different nutrient solutions formulae with different potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KH2PO4)concentrations were designed to make cherry tomato substrate cultivation.Effects of nutrient solutions with different potassium dihydrogen phosphate concentrations on plant height,stem diameter,yield,water and fertilizer use efficiency and root activity of cherry tomato were investigated.The results indicated that under the condition of negative water supplying and controlling device,as the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in nutrient solution increased,the plant height,stem diameter of cherry tomato increased,the effects were significant.The fruit yield,water use efficiency,N and K utilization efficiency and root activity were increased at the same time.For cherry tomato production under solutions from negative pressure water irrigation device,340 mg·L-1 KH2PO4 concentration can be considered as suggested application rate in solutions.


Spin‐lattice relaxation times, viscosities, and densities have been measured as a function of temperature and pressure for several supercooled viscous fluids in order to investigate the adequacy of the modified Debye equation to describe the microscopic behavior of these systems. By supercooling the range of experimentally accessible viscosities has been extended to 10 000 cP. It has been shown that for anisotropically reorienting molecules, the rotational‐translational coupling parameter increases with increasing density, in contrast to the case of symmetric molecules which possess an axis of symmetry for relatively unhindered reorientations, for which the coupling parameter decreases with increasing density. By examining a sufficiently broad viscosity range, it has been possible to show that the rotational‐translational coupling parameter is not a pressure independent quantity, as previously reported. Under isochoric conditions, the coupling parameter was found to be insensitive to kinetic energy change...


Pc 5 ULF waves are seen concurrently with the rise in radiation belt fluxes associated with CME-magnetic cloud events. Four such geomagnetic storm periods in 1997 and 1998, 10-11 January and 14-15 May, 1997; 1-4 May and 26-28 August, 1998, have been simulated with a 3D global MHD code driven by L1-measured solar wind parameters. The field output has been used to advance electron guiding center trajectories in the equatorial plane. The time series has also been analyzed for ULF wave mode structure. Toroidal field line resonances with low azimuthal mode number and frequencies commensurate with the electron drift period are identified in the radial electric field component, along with enhanced power in the poloidal (azimuthal) electric field component. The simulated time scale for inward radial transport of electrons in the several hundred keV to MeV energy range, from geosynchronous orbit to L=3-4, varies with the level of ULF wave power and overall energy input to the magnetosphere. Of the four events studied, the May 1998 storm period was most geoeffective and the January 1997 least so, in terms of simulated radial transport and energization of electrons. This transport rate is consistent with the level of ULF waves excited in the simulations, and the proposed drift resonant acceleration mechanism.


The purpose of this article is to study the feasibility to treat the wastewater containing the anionic surfactant LAS by attapulgite.Four ways as calcine,hydrochloric acid,sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride were utilized to modify the attapulgite under the different conditions.The best modified condition was confirmed.Then we utilized the optimal modified attapulgite to treat the wastewater containing the anionic surfactant LAS.The best adsorption time was investigated and the effects of the temperature and pH value were studied.The results showed that attapulgite modified by the modifier hydrochloric acid was effective to adsorb the LAS and the LAS removal rate can be up to 70.69%.The capacity and concentration relationships were well described by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model.The best adsorption time was 30 minutes.The effect of the temperature on the treatment was not significantly affected.The LAS removal rate was higher in acidic and neutral conditions than in alkaline condition.The treatment of the wastewater containing the anionic surfactant LAS by attapulgite was feasible.


Attraction last years in manufacture of maps of land resources created based on digital technologies along with other map graphical products has led to development new generation of information systems – geographical information systems (GIS). It comprises many compound processes, in particular, gathering, the analysis, storage, distribution and computer modeling of the information on land resources, and drawing up of digital maps. The basic original properties of geographically information mapping is automation, systematization, orientation to a definite purpose, efficiency and is a lot of alternativeness.


Alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-L1) is present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, playing a central role in energy metabolism. Many studies have already been carried out to verify the therapeutic potential of this compound since it has an excellent antioxidant activity. However, there is no monograph present in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia, so this study was carried out with the objective of developing and validating an analytical method by UV-Vis spectrophotometry to quantify alpha-LA. For this, the alpha-LA solubility was evaluated against different solvents, besides performing a spectrophotometric scan to determine the maximum wavelength of absorption. For validation, the parameters required by RDC no, 166 of 2017 were verified: selectivity, linearity, limits of detection (DL) and quantification (QL), precision, accuracy and robustness. The compound showed high solubility in solvents of intermediate polarities, such as dichloromethane and ethanol, and the maximum absorption wavelength was 334 nm. The method was selective since there was no absorption of the other components of the formulation at the selected wavelength; linear with r2> 0.99; accurate, since it presented values of intermediate precision and statistically significant repeatability; besides being accurate and robust. Publication History: Received: 13 August 2018 | Revised: 28 August 2018 |Accepted: 02 October 2018


Model reuse is a longstanding challenge within the defense simulation modeling community. While other disciplines successfully apply component-based approach to build systems, this approach has proven difficult to apply in simulation model development. The significance of employing explicit and distinct experimental frames to support reuse is already well recognized. Yet, characterization of the original context of a model is one of the least appreciated aspects and central to reuse and composability. Methods and tools are needed to provide mechanisms for structured representation and storage of context information, effective ways for retrieving it, and the possibility to relate it to the developer's intention. To this end, the basic model-simulator-experimental frame viewpoint is revisited to assert the role of context in reuse. The significance of separating concept, content, context, and simulator is discussed under the discrete-event system specification (DEVS) framework to provide a basis and rationale for contextualized simulation models. An abstract design strategy is presented to facilitate packaging and distribution of concept and context specification objects along with simulation models to improve reuse and composability.


Development in technology and information era has impact on changing the way companies in doing business and change behavior, consumer preferences and demands. The key to success for the company to grow well is the human resources,
as the most important investment for the company. Compensation is important in the management of human resources. Compensation package would be effective to be
used as a tool of control. If it successful, it can motivate employees. In preparing this thesis, the object research is PT. Asia Paramita Indah Bandung, which is engaged in distribution sales. Data collected through field
research and library research. Field research was conducted through direct interviews with the manager and questionnaires. While the library research
conducted by studying literature and books related to the research. In this study, the number of samples used were 30 respondents. Based on the results of qualitative analysis, it's concluded that employee perceptions of compensation system that has implemented the company is positive.
Validity and reliability of test results for variable compensation and motivation may be declared valid and reliable because the values obtained cronbach alpha (a) is
above rtabel (0.5). From the results of statistical analysis using Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis, it can be obtained that the result of Spearman rank is +0.742.
This figure shows that the relationship between the compensation system and motivation of employees PT. Asia Paramita Indah Bandung has a direct relationship
and determination coefficient amounted to 55.06%. That mean the amount of 55.06% from the change in variable Y (job motivation) can be explained by variable X
(employee perceptions of compensation system), and the rest equal to 44.94% explained by other variables.


This paper suggests that the innovation process has intensified as a result of the application of new digital technologies. These technologies that simulate, model and integrate, intensify the innovation process through facilitating economy of effort and definiteness of aim. Of all the many analytical lenses used to examine innovation, the most valuable in accounting for this "automation of innovation" is Rothwell's concept of the 5th Generation Innovation Process. Our paper revisits this element of Rothwell's (1992) prize-winning article in R&D Management. It reviews the use of a range of enabling technologies and strategic management practices for the automation of innovation that were either in gestation or unknown at the time of Rothwell's paper. Rothwell's speculation about the increased "electronification" of the innovation process, and of related technological and strategic integration, has proven to be correct. The use of the new "electronic toolkit" can transform the innovation process by facilitating the transfer, transformation and control of information. Using insights from contemporary innovation and management research, this paper examines the benefits and limitations of these digital technologies in dealing with the challenges of innovation of reducing costs and increasing speed, predictability and strategic organisational integration. It presents a conceptual framework for assessing the intensification of innovation and outlines some strategic managerial precepts that will facilitate effective use of these technologies. The paper concludes with speculations about future developments in the intensification of innovation and its impact for strategic management, together with questions for further research.


A nonhelical spin texture was observed in the centrosymmetric superconductor beta-PdBi2 using an imaging-type spin- and angle-resolved spectroscopy. The observed surface and bulk states near the Fermi energy are found to be spin polarized with nonhelical textures. First-principles calculations and effective models show that the inter-and intralayer hoppings account for the complex spin texture and thus play a significant role in the spatial distribution of the layer-locked spin states. Our work not only provides insights into the local spin states in inversion-symmetric systems but also paves the way to the identification of the nature of superconducting pairing in the presence of a complex spin texture in beta-PdBi2 and the related centrosymmetric superconductors.


Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by behavioral and cognitive aspects that result in a significant impairment of an individual's well-being. COVID-19 pandemic consequences negatively impacted healthcare services and people's mental health. Particularly, in developmental ages, difficulties in coping with the situation could have had an impact on eating behaviors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess EDs' hospitalization trend before, during and after the pandemic peak to evaluate whether it has been influenced. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on the hospital discharge forms of patients from 5 to 19 years old in Piedmont, which is a region in northern Italy. Overall, hospitalization, age, and gender-specific rates due to EDs that occurred in 2020 and 2021 were compared to those that occurred in 2018–2019. Since 2020, there has been a 55% reduction in overall hospitalizations, while the total proportion of EDs admissions has doubled from 2020 to 2021 (from 13.9‰ to 22.2‰). Significant hospitalization rate increases were observed both in 15–19 and in 10–14 females' age groups in 2021. Non-significant increases were observed in all males' age groups. The increase in hospitalizations for EDs should be further investigated, as it might be the tip of an iceberg not yet acknowledged.


Nanomechanical doubly-clamped beams and cantilever plates are often used to sense a host of environmental effects, including biomolecular interations, mass measurements, and responses to chemical stimuli. Understanding the effects of surface stress on the stiffness of such nanoscale devices is essential for rigorous analysis of experimental data. Recently, we explored the effects of surface stress on cantilever plates and presented a theoretical framework valid for thin plate structures. Here, we generalize this framework and apply it to cantilever plates and doubly-clamped beams, exploring in detail the relative physical mechanisms causing a stiffness change in each case. Specifically, Poisson's ratio is found to exert a dramatically different effect in cantilevers than in doubly-clamped beams, and here we explain why. The relative change in effective spring constant is also examined, and its connection to the relative frequency shift is discussed. Interestingly, this differs from what is naively expected from elementary mechanics. Finally, a discussion of the practical implications of our theoretical findings is presented, which includes an assessment of available experimental results and potential future measurements on nanoscale devices.


What is a set? In the late 19th century, Georg Cantor was the first to formally investigate this question, thus founding the study of set theory as a mathematical discipline. Cantor's definition of a set consisted of two intuitive principles. The first, Extensionality, asserts that two sets are equal exactly when they have the same members; the second, Comprehension, asserts that from any condition on objects, one can build a set whose members are exactly those that satisfy it. This elegant formalization of set theory enabled Cantor to prove the first theorems about infinite sets. What could be wrong with such a beautiful theory? However, shortly afterward, a problem was discovered. Russell considered the property x / ∈ x, and derived from the Comprehension Principle that there should be a set R such that x ∈ R ⇐⇒ x / ∈ x; but then R ∈ R ⇐⇒ R / ∈ R, which is a contradiction. This famous contradiction, Russell's Paradox, ended all hope for Cantor's simple, intuitive formalization of set theory. To replace Cantor's problematic principles, Zermelo formulated a list of seven more conservative axioms that would serve as a rigorous base for set theory. They are the axioms of Extensionality, Pairs, Separation, Power Set, Union, Choice, and Infinity. It was soon discovered that two other axioms were needed, and so the axioms of Replacement and Foundation were added. While each of these axioms are statements that seem intuitively clear, the list lacks the elegant symmetry of Cantor's principles. Their best justification is that these were the axioms needed to prove the same theorems that mathematicians wanted to prove, without the sweeping generality that led to paradoxes such as Russell's. While Zermelo's axioms are sufficient to build a rich theory of sets, with which the rest of mathematics can be formally modeled, it is deeply unsatisfying that we have no reason to think that the axiom system has captured all the properties of sets. We know now that the situation is much worse: Gödel showed that no axiom system can completely and consistently decide the truth of all propositions about sets. So we must face the reality that our system can only approximate a hypothetical "complete


Usually none-volumetric hydrocarbon reservoirs during their lifetime reach to a situation that the reservoir pressure is not sufficient to produce expected amount of fluids. Artificial lift is one of the conventional methods to overcome this problem and enhance production. In the field under study from the beginning of production to now, well's conditions have undergone considerable changes which made the rate of production to fall behind the production schedule. In this paper, first a general description about advantages and disadvantages of various methods of artificial lift are expressed. Then the future of production as a function of changes in basic parameters for one of the field's wells has been calculated and According to that, electrical submersible pump is chosen as the best artificial lift method for that well. Determination of proper depth of pump installation and investigation of possibility of gas lock occurrence in the pump are the other results which are obtained from this research. Abstract In this study, "water - gas shift reaction" which is, an exothermic reaction aimed at production of hydrogen and reduction of CO level in gas reaction, as well as mechanism and kinetic models of this reaction on platinum catalyst have been calculated. Two types of redox and associative mechanisms based on Langmuire-Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal models have been considered in the range of 573-723K. Fifteen kinetic model based on the rate-limiting step were derived and they were compared with each other by using suitable objective function and Genetic Algorithm. In view of very minor calculation's error, variation in rate constants based on Arrhenius and Vant-Hoff equation were achieved. Finally amongst submitted models, kinetic model based on redox mechanism and Langmuire - Hinshelwood model which had the least error were recommended as the best model.


The hovering control of a helicopter simulator is studied with fuzzy logic enhanced sliding mode scheme in this paper. The mathematical model of the simulator is analysed and established on aerodynamics, the perfect control is introduced to the sliding mode control and the fuzzy rule base of the designed fuzzy system is established under the principle of Lyapunov's stability theorem. The simulation results show that the proposed control algorithm outperforms the conventional fuzzy logic control algorithm.


Introduction Charakacharya said that old age start from 60th years of life which comes with a gradual decrease in dhatu, agni, virulence, enthusiasm etc. The person gets inflicted with various diseases. The older people more susceptible to COVID-19 and developing serious illness at this stage.
Aim and Objectives To study preventive measures against COVID-19 pandemic in geriatric population in light of ayurveda.
Material and Methods WHO website, by searching various databases like PubMed and other research articles. The study of various Ayurvedic texts was made critically in sight of preventive measures.
Result Ahara, Vihara and Aushadhi (rasayana and herbal drugs) and various procedures like yoga, pranayama and meditation are the most important aspects of preventive measures in Ayurveda.
Discussion Agni is the main causative factor of almost all diseases. Ayurvedic formulations are helpful to maintain the agni, pacification of doshas and to boost immune system. With the practice of yoga along with pranayama and meditation, mind gets calmed; it makes the body and mind to face every situation. Conclusion: Ayurvedic formulations along with yoga and meditation on strengthening host defence may be useful as effective, safer, accessible and affordable prophylaxis of COVID-19.


Objective:To provide anatom icalbasisforthe operation ofrepairing dislocation ofthe distalradio-ulnar joint adopting the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris. M ethods:To classify the tendon offlexor carpiulnaris into three parts: upper, middle and inferior parts. Morphologic measures and the mechanic test of tendonof flexor carpi ulnaris were performed on 30 sides of adult cadavers. Results:The w idth oftendon offlexorcarpi ulnaris was about (7.6±0.9)mm, ( 6.4±0.7)mm and ( 5.5±0.6)mm at upper, middle and inferior partrespectively, while the thickness of tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris was about (1.7±0.3)mm, (2.0±0.3)mm and(2.3±0.2)mm seperately. The length of tendon was (16.7±2.7)cm. The results of mechanic test showed that theload on the integrity tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris was (266.7±45.2)N, and (107.2±19.9 )N on the half tendon.They had no significant difference. Conclusions:There are enough length and intensity to repairdislocation ofthe distal radio-ulnar joint by the transposition of patial tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris. Satisfactory results havebeen obtained in clinic practice.


The invention relates to a technology in the internet website field, in particular to the technology that an internet virtual guest hall is established by utilizing a flash plug-in unit technology to simultaneously realize synchronous and asynchronous communication platform on an interface. Various information communication means of the internet are extracted and simplified to be only one virtual space interface for virtual reality operation in order to ensure that the internet communication is visualized. In the invention, instantaneous communication means, video chat rooms, video playing, video BLOG, e-mails, BBS and mail groups are concentrated into a platform. The operation of the internet is simplified, the difficulty and the threshold of the internet communication are lowered to ensure that the internet communication can be used by more people, and the virtual guest hall is used as a real-time communication carrier. The invention replaces the instantaneous communication means, takes the virtual guest hall as a non real-time communication carrier, and replaces the e-mails, podcast and BBS. Various information communication means of the internet are extracted and simplified to be activities and operations performed in a virtual room program, thereby the internet communication is visualized, and more people can enjoy more convenient, more visualized and quicker communication. The invention brings great propelling force for modernized information construction of the society, and all the traditional Internets are innovated by using the room concept in the invention to meet the information communication requirement of all industries. The internet is composed of countless rooms.


This paper analyses the different approaches of the Employment Relations Act 2000 and the Human Rights Act 1993 as to whether sexual harassment of one coworker by another occurs as a part of the employment relationship. It examines the Court of Appeal and the Human Rights Review Tribunal regarding the liability of the same person (Smith) for sexual harassment. The Court of Appeal upheld Smith's dismissal as it impacted on his employment relationship, while the Human Rights Review Tribunal held Smith's behaviour was not in the in the course of his involvement in employment. Reasons for the difference between the two decisions are examined, looking in particular at employer liability for the actions of coworkers, and the different ways the two Acts deal with such liability. Canadian and Australian approaches to employer liability are examined, noting consistency between the approaches in their human rights and employment legislation. It is suggested that inconsistencies between the Employment Relations Act and the Human Rights may lead to different outcomes regarding employer liability. Finally it is suggested that, given the differences between the two Acts, it would be better for matters of sexual harassment to only be dealt with under the Human Rights Act.


A compensation of time-dependent based on fuzzy control is proposed. The system adopts fuzzy control ,and the informa-tion of the first evaporator's liquid level of double-effected distilled water machine and soft-detection technology are used to com-pensate time dependent of heat-exchange coefficient to guarantee the product's quality and product process's safety. The simulation result shows that system has good performance and applicable value.


A securing device is disclosed which is usable for studs of buttons, emblems, earrings or insignia or the like, which comprises two parts, one part having a cylindrical stud extending therefrom, and a second part into which the stud may pass and which includes a resilient clutch that grips a substantial length of the cylindrical stud.


BACKGROUND Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a very rare disease in Iran and reported cases are all negative for HFE mutation. We report a family affected by severe juvenile hemochromatosis (JH) with a detailed molecular study of the family members. METHODS We studied a pedigree with siblings affected by juvenile HH and followed them for 3 years. Microsatellite and gene sequencing analysis was performed for all family members. RESULTS Two siblings (the proband and his sister, aged 26 and 30 years, respectively) were found to have clinical findings of JH. The proband's brother, who presented with hyperpigmentation, died of probable JH at the age of 24 years. Gene sequencing analysis showed that the proband has a homozygote c.265T>C (p.C89R) HJV mutation + a heterozygote c.884T>C (p.V295A) mutation of HFE. The affected proband's sister presented with the same HJV c.265T>C (p.C89R) homozygote mutation. In addition, we found the HJV c.98-6C>G polymorphic variant in both the sister and proband (homozygote). Sequencing of hepcidin (HAMP), TfR2, and FPN revealed no mutation. CONCLUSION We have shown that molecular analysis of the HH related gene is a powerful tool for reliable diagnosis of JH and, in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and noninvasive liver stiffness measurement by elastography, is adequate tool for management and follow up of HH.


Harrogate Town AFC have announced that they have agreed terms with both defender Harry Coates and striker Louie Swain. Harry is a graduate of the York ...


Context. Effective temperatures of early-type supergiants are important to test stellar atmosphere- and internal structure-models of massive and intermediate mass objects at different evolutionary phases. However, these Teff values are more or less discrepant depending on the method used to determine them. Aims. We aim to obtain a new calibration of the Teff parameter for early-type supergiants as a function of observational quantities that are: a) highly sensitive to the ionization balance in the photosphere and its gas pressure; b) independent of the interstellar extinction; c) as much as possible model-independent. Methods. The observational quantities that best address our aims are the (λ1,D) parameters of the BCD spectrophotometric system. They describe the energy distribution around the Balmer discontinuity, which is highly sensitive to Teff and log g. We perform a calibration of the (λ1,D) parameters into Teff using effective temperatures derived with the bolometric-flux method for 217 program stars, whose individual uncertainties are on average |ΔTeff|/T f eff = 0.05. Results. We obtain a new and homogeneous calibration of the BCD (λ1,D) parameters for OB supergiants and revisit the current calibration of the (λ1,D) zone occupied by dwarfs and giants. The final comparison of calculated with obtained Teff values in the


The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced it would revise criteria for over-the-counter cough and cold medications for children, according to The Washington Post .


A careful history of the most important part of a medical examination for vertigo, especially to establish whether it is acute, chronic or recurrent. If the patient spontaneously volunteers ear complaints, such as fullness, tinnitus, or hearing loss, the cause is probably atologic and deserves imediate referral. If no atologic complaints are volunteered, the whole body becomes a source of investigation. All nonvital drugs should be with held while the vertigo study is progerssing. A complete physical examination and blood profile should be carried out. Roentgenograms of the skull and chest should be obtained. Accurate diagnosis and proper management are possible only with prolonged follow-up. Unnecessary expense, incovenience, and discomfort for the patient can be avoided by a screening audiogram to identify unilateral hearing loss. All unilateral hearing loss should be investigated thoroughly in order to diagnse serious retrocochlear disease early.


Conservation of biodiversity has recently become the most urgent task due to global anthropogenic transformation of the environment. Therefore, more and more attention is being paid to the role of species in biogeocenosis, their biocoenotic relationships, and the assessment of ongoing changes. Due to the unprecedented growth of the Ural Saiga (Saiga tatarica) population, the study of ecology, behavior, and biocenotic relationships as factors affecting the structure of the ecosystem and, in particular, large birds of prey has become increasingly important. The saiga population in West Kazakhstan Region in 2023 is estimated at 1.13 million individuals, which is highly concentrated in Zhanibek (8,200 km2), Bokeyordinsky (19,214 km2), and Kaztalovsky (18,600 km2) districts of the region. And here we should pay attention to the fact that with anthropogenic changes in the habitat (construction of roads, canals, gas and oil pipelines, etc.), macroevolutionary changes in saiga behavior have begun to occur – saigas are no longer the nomadic species they were 100 years ago, they no longer nomade over great distances, and are becoming more sedentary. Our observations show that saigas do not travel more than 100 km and stay mainly around sors (dried up salt lakes). The next fact is that from late November to early December, saigas start their rut. As a result of extreme exhaustion during the rut, up to 96% of males die. The huge biomass accumulates in a relatively small area. This cannot cause the population of predators and scavengers to grow. The growth of predatory mammals is limited by the availability of accessible drinking water, so we did not observe an increase in the population of wolves, but the number of jackals and steppe cats increased. The growth of jackals is possible not only due to the availability of food in the autumnwinter period, but also due to increased hunting pressure in neighboring areas of the Russian Federation. The growth of the steppe cat (which is most abundant in the Bokeyordinsky district) may be due to the growth of saigas, as it has been reported that saiga remains have been found in the cat's stomach. The above-mentioned districts of West Kazakhstan Region have the highest density of large birds of prey. There are both direct and indirect biocoenotic links between saigas and large birds of prey – Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis), Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus), and Eurasian Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus). Studies, both our own and those of the Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK), show a high density of the breeding of Steppe Eagles in West Kazakhstan Region (WKR) in areas where saigas congregate, especially in the Kaztalovsky District, while in other areas of the region their numbers are very low. Its direct and indirect biocenotic relationship with saigas can be traced here: – Direct. All the nests we examined contained saiga remains. We have never seen Steppe Eagles hunting saigas, most likely picking up fallen or sick individuals, as well as the afterbirths of saiga calves. We saw a Steppe Eagle eating a saiga (most likely it was hit by a car, as its ribs were broken), the peritoneum was opened, internal organs were lying separately, the eagle did not eat them. It mostly pecked meat from the thighs of the hind legs. The carcass was fresh, blood had not coagulated yet. In the area of Araltobe Sor on 20/08/2020 we observed a large pre-migration concentration of the Steppe Eagle of about 300 individuals. – Indirect. In areas where saigas graze there is a high number of the Little Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus pygmaeus), the main food object of the Steppe Eagle. By regulating the height of grass stands, favorable conditions for the Little Ground Squirrel are created. In other areas of the region, the Little Ground Squirrel has become rare. The White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) is abundant during winter migration in areas where saigas congregate: On November 15, 2021, we counted 43 individuals following a herd of saigas on the 100 km Kaztalovka – Khan Ordasy road route. In recent years, we have recorded annual visitations of the Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus) in the region. We attribute this to the growth of the saiga population. In 2019, we recorded an encounter of the Eurasian Griffon Vulture in the vicinity of Saihin settlement, which is the first record for the last 50 years. Analyzing all of the above, we can conclude that the growth of saiga population positively affects the dynamics of population growth of large birds of prey in the West Kazakhstan Region.


Objective: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects the immune system of human and can lead to Acquire Immunodeficiency Syndrome if not managed, this in turn affect the functionality of the body system especially the kidney. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is frequently prescribed as frontline drug in reducing viral load on a carrier. Creatinine and urea are makers for kidney function test. This study investigated the effects of HAART on the urea and creatinine of HIV positive individuals in Enugu, Nigeria. Methods: We recruited about seventy subjects' age (18-50years) for this cross-sectional study. Twenty-five HIV positive individuals on HAART as test subjects while twenty HIV positive HAART naive subjects and twenty-five HIV negative individuals as controls. 5mls of blood were collected from each participant and used in the analysis of creatinine and urea using colorimetric methods. All data obtained were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 computer software and results were expressed as mean ± Standard Deviation. Results: The result obtained shows a significant increase (p<0.05) in both creatinine and urea levels among HIV positive HAART Naive subjects to compare with HIV positive subjects on HAART and HIV negative individuals. When individuals with HIV positive on HAART were compared with HIV negative subjects, there exist no significant different (P> 0.05) in both creatinine and urea levels. Conclusion: This study concludes that HAART significantly increases kidney functionality on HIV positive individuals and ameliorate the effect of the virus on the nephrons of the kidney.


A certain mineral processing plant adopts circular motor for autogenous mill.Due to various reasons annular motor stator shall be changed.Currently,four production lines are installed.In order to guarantee a stable operation after the full establishment of mineral processing plant,field-strip and change are conducted for annular motor stator.The paper also sets out feasible construction option.


This disclosure relates to a porous electrically conductive carbon material having interconnected pores in first and second size ranges from 10mum to 100nm and from less than 100nm to 3nm and a graphene structure and to diverse uses of the material such as an electrode in a lithium-ion battery and a catalyst support, e.g. for the oxidation of methanol in a fuel cell. The carbon material has been heat treated to effect conversion to non-graphitic carbon with the required degree of order at a temperature in the range from 600°C to 1000°C. A lithium-ion battery and an electrode for a lithium-ion battery are also claimed.


End-user training Software and hardware consulting Help desk or end user support (remote and on-site IT Support Services) Software and hardware installation Software training Smartphone and Tablet Support Remote Support Skilled Level I & Level II...


Methacrylate-labeled SBA-15 has been successfully synthesized from calcined SBA-15 and commercially available 3-trichlorosilyl propylmethacrylate. This material undergoes efficient thiol–ene "click reaction" with a variety of both thiol and disulfide-containing substrates in aqueous and organic media. The products were thoroughly characterized by a variety of analytical techniques including multinuclear (13C, 29Si) solid-state NMR, TG-DTA, and nitrogen adsorption desorption studies. Disulfide-containing substrates in which the TCEP-mediated reduction of the disulfide bond and its subsequent addition to the methacrylate group anchored in SBA-15 in one-pot were used to synthesize a silica–protein hybrid material composed of biotin-labeled SBA-15 and streptavidin. Electrochemically active material was synthesized from the reaction of ferrocene-containing thiol and the methacrylate-labeled SBA-15. The ease of synthesis for the methacrylate-labeled SBA-15 material together with its ability to undergo efficient...


The aim of the present work was to evaluate the inoculation effects of Azospirillum sp. RAM-7 strain, in seeds of wheat, barley and oats cultures on yield and total nitrogen content of the grains in greenhouse experiments. Seeds inoculation with Azospirillum sp. RAM-7 strain enhanced grain yields, even so, the responses vary among the evaluated cultures. For wheat, significant increases were obtained when the inoculation was associated to 100% of the recommended nitrogen, although the treatment that received only inoculation produced 7.4% above the control, however this difference wasn't significant. For barley, the presence of the inoculant substituted 20% the recommended nitrogen fertilization. For oats the inoculation with Azospirillum sp. RAM-7 didn't provide a significant increase in grain yields. In relation to the total nitrogen content of the grains, for all studied cultures, significant differences were not observed among the evaluated treatments (p < 0.05).


This paper introduces a new concept of propulsion assisting roads (PARs) for electric vehicles (EVs) which can be considered as an alternative to the dynamic wireless charging technology. While both concepts of PARs and dynamic wireless charging pursue the goal of extending the driving range of EVs and utilize the same principle of energized coils embedded under the surface of the road, the concept of PARs is based on direct conversion of electrical energy into kinematic energy for propelling the vehicle in the fashion of linear electrical motor operation. In this paper, the authors propose a simple and cost-effective implementation of such system based on linear induction motor (LIM) with moving passive secondary mounted underneath the vehicle and compare it with the dynamic wireless charging. A conceptual design of LIM is validated with 2D finite element analysis and simulation results are presented in the paper.


The insufficient utilization capacity of photovoltaic (PV) power has been considered as the bottleneck for the future development of PV power in China. Nowadays, the bundled transmission mode of PV power is regarded as the most advocated solution by many scholars. Under the current unsound fiscal taxation policies in China, however, participators cannot receive the corresponding policy incentives and financial compensation for the additional contributions in constraining the implementation of the bundled transmission mode of PV power. Based on the basic theory of the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) Game, the allocation model of excessive profit was established. The feasibility of the developed model was verified by means of an actual case study. Arguably, the paper provided a certain theoretical basis for the quantity and practical form of excessive income distribution concerning the bundled transmission mode of PV power, and offered a solution to the income distribution for the bundled transmission mode of PV power.


An assessment of the trace mineral status of ruminants begins with clear objectives. These may be to determine whether a nutrient deficiency exists, to assess the prevalence of a deficiency, or to estimate the endogenous reserves of trace minerals. The sampling size needed for assessment is a function of the herd size, expected prevalence of deficiency or toxicity, desired confidence of the assessment tool, and the estimated standard deviation of the assessment criteria. The trace mineral status of animals is best described by concentrations in liver. Correlation coefficients between concentrations of trace minerals in blood and liver are highest in deficient animals because endogenous reserves are depleted. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Se in plasma also are affected by infection, stress, pregnancy, and erythrocyte hemolysis. Because erythrocytes in cattle have a 160-d life span, concentrations of trace minerals in whole blood change more slowly than those in plasma in response to changes in intakes of trace minerals. Improvements in sensitivity of blood measures to assess trace mineral status await determination of the most critical metalloenzyme activity. At present, metalloenzyme activities are seldom more useful than concentrations of minerals in plasma and often are impractical because of loss of activity in shipment to the laboratory. Perhaps the ultimate assessment tool is the response of animals to supplementation.


Ever since its relatively late arrival on the theological scene the historical-critical method has been cast in a wide variety of roles. It is unfortunate that it has seldom made its appearance as one of theology's handmaids. Only recently, with the gradual retreat of the theologies of the Word, has it been enabled to terminate its prolonged contract to play court jester to a series of sovereign directors.


This book is a comparative approach that treats the formidable psychosexual and gothic content, as phrased through a rhetoric of rebellion, death, and illness, in the works of Ugo Tarchetti and others. Del Principe's psychoanalytic-feminist reinterpretation illuminates the scapigliati as precursors to modernism and the avant-garde.


This paper seeks to both channel the inspiration of the late Joel Olson and to deploy the conceptual lens he was developing in his unfinished book American Zealot toward a reconsideration of the role of fanaticism in Frantz Fanon's political thought. Despite Fanon's own warning about the dangers of fanaticism, I find that the equivalent concept of enthusiasm is nevertheless central to forcing his decolonial dialectic into motion. Finally, I turn to the question of a specifically decolonial fanaticism, finding both that fanaticism is peculiarly suited to challenging the ontological divisions of colonial white supremacy, and moreover that a decolonized fanaticism is less susceptible to some standard critiques of fanaticism.


The invention discloses a resetting locking method and device of a resonance type optic gyroscope. A tunable voltage range of a laser device is [Vmin, Vmax], and an upper limit and a lower limit of a set threshold value of feedback voltage of the laser device are respectively VT-max and VT-min; the upper limit VT-max of the threshold value voltage is less than the upper limit Vmax of the tunable voltage of the laser device, and the lower limit VT-min of the threshold value voltage is greater than the lower limit Vmin of the tunable voltage; when the feedback voltage of the laser device exceeds the upper limit VT-max of the set threshold value, the feedback voltage of the laser device is reduced by p*VFSR (Variable Frequency Speed Regulation), wherein p is an integer; the VFSR is a tuning voltage range corresponding to a free spectral width of a resonance cavity; and when the feedback voltage of the laser device is lower than the lower limit VT-min of the set threshold value, the feedback voltage of the laser device is increased by the p*VFSR. The resetting locking method and device of the resonance type optic gyroscope disclosed by the invention have the advantages of simplicity and effectiveness, do not increase the extra hardware load, and solve the problem that the resonance type optic gyroscope cannot be locked in a full-temperature range on the base of software, so that the resonance type optic gyroscope can work under various environments for a long period of time.


Small amplitude (μV) of the Electroencephalography (EEG) signal is contaminated by various artefacts in a recorded signal and changes the originality of the signal. The most common disturbance among them is power-line frequency noise of 50 Hz. This makes clinical analysis and information retrieval difficult. It is necessary to remove all such disturbances in EEG signals for proper diagnosis. In this study, performance analysis of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter based on various windows and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters for noise reduction from EEG signals have been done. Digital FIR and IIR filter of 100th order applied to signal epochs were studied and performance analysis was done by calculating the fast Fourier transform and signal-to-noise ratio. The result shows that Kaiser window-based FIR filters is better at removing power-line noise from EEG signal.


The study evaluated the effect of adding quercetin to some characteristics of the sperm of the ram. This study was conducted in the animal field, Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Baghdad for the period 5/12/2021 to 20/2/2022. In this experiment, 3 rams were used at the age of 2-2.5 years and weighed 50-55 kg. The semen was collected early in the morning and once a week and the semen was pooled to remove the individual differences. The treatments were divided: quercetin-free control group, treatment T1 (3 µL/mL quercetin), T2 treatment (6 µL/mL quercetin), T3 treatment (9 µL/mL quercetin). The result of the study showed a significant increased (p<0.01) of T2 treatment in the percentage of individual sperm motility during the cooling period (2 and 24 h). T3 treatment showed a significant increase (p<0.05) at (48 and 72 h) of individual motility. On the other hand, T2 treatment showed a significant increased (p<0.01) in the viability of sperm at (2 and 24 h) of cooling preservation, while T3 treatment showed a significant increase at (48 and 72 h) cooling preservation for the viability of sperm. The result indicated that adding quercetin does not effect of total abnormality of sperm for all treatments. The result presented significant increased (p<0.05) percentage of HOST for T2 and T3 treatments. The results showed a significant increase at ( p<0.01) for T2 treatment at (2 and 48 h) on the other hand T1 showed a significant increase at 72 h. for the same character.


In underground mines, various mining activities may generate dust or vibrations, affecting workers' health and safety. Therefore, for worker safety, we must monitor the environment and identify possible risks. However, it is difficult to install multiple sensors and acquire data simultaneously because of the difficulties of connecting to an external network in underground mines. This study developed a digital device to share acquired data by combining ZigBee communication technology with an accelerometer and dust sensor. In total, 29 vibration modules, 14 dust modules, and 2 coordinator modules were installed at Taeyoung EMC's Samdo Mine in Samcheok, Republic of Korea. Because of its application, we could detect changes in vibration and dust before and after blasting. The dust density of the devices close to the blasting point increases rapidly up to about 230 µg/m3 and then decreases to about 180 µg/m3, and the dust density of the devices further increases over time. The dust density was usually maintained at a value of about 100 to 150 µg/m3 before blasting. The spatial distribution of the dust density of multiple devices was visualized using ArcGIS Pro. Although the wireless sensor network is well-established, some modules were temporarily disconnected from the network. In order to solve the problem of unstable network connection in some modules, change of network settings and line of sight analysis are required. Improvements in the technology developed in this study may help prevent potential hazards in underground mines.


Cognitive dysfunction is a frequent symptom in people with multiple sclerosis, affecting up to 70 % of patients, in particular with progressive disease. The pathophysiology of cognitive impairment is not fully understood, multiple magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest associations of structural brain damage (especially of the cortical and deep grey matter [thalamus]) with cognitive dysfunction. In recent years MS is increasingly viewed as network disorder where lesions in or microstructural damage to strategic white matter tracts may cause a "multiple disconnection syndrome" leading to impaired cognition. A brief assessment of cognitive function, for example by the BICAMS or SDMT, should be incorporated in patient management in daily clinical care. However, these brief test batteries cannot fully replace an extensive neuropsychological assessment that may be necessary in some circumstances, for example impending loss of employment. Pharmacotherapeutic options of cognitive impairment in MS are scant, and the impact of immunomodulatory therapy on cognition has not been systematically investigated. Current therapeutic approaches comprise cognitive rehabilitation programs as well as individual coping strategies. Internet-based cognitive rehabilitation could be a feasible and supplementary therapeutic tool in the future. Data on cognition in important MS differential diagnoses such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are sparse.


Abstract : This report describes two numerical models of small- scale seafloor topography, SM1-P, corresponding to a 100 km x 100 km area of the east central Pacific Ocean near the Cocos-Pacific spreading center of the East Pacific Rise and Sm1-A, corresponding to a 100 km x 100 km area of the North Atlantic Ocean west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The models comprise both a deterministic component, taken from the DBDB5 digital bathymetric data base, and a stochastic component, obtained as a single realization of a five-parameter Gaussian random field describing the abyssal-hill topography. The parameters assumed in computing the stochastic realizations have been estimated from Sea Beam swaths passing through or near the study areas. SM1-P and SM1-A are specified by a nested series of 1000 x 1000 point data files, which are available from the authors on 9-track magnetic tape. The nesting scheme employs a factor-of-ten reduction in scale on grids with knot spacing ranging from 100 m to 0.1 m. (MM)


We present the structural, optical, and electrical properties of amorphous silicon suboxide (a-SiO ) films grown on indium tin oxide glass substrates with a radio frequency magnetron technique from a polycrystalline silicon oxide target using ambient Ar. For different substrate-target distances (d = 8 cm and 10 cm), the deposition temperature effects were systematically studied. For d = 8cm, oxygen content in a-SiO decreased with dissociation of oxygen onto the silicon oxide matrix; temperature increased due to enlargement of kinetic energy. For d = 10 cm, however, the oxygen content had a minimum between 150 C and 200 C. Using simple optical measurements, we can predict a preferred orientation of liquid crystal molecules on a- SiO thin film. At higher oxygen content (x > 1.6), liquid crystal molecules on an inorganic liquid crystal alignment layer of a-SiO showed homogeneous alignment; however, in the lower case (x < 1.6), liquid crystals showed homeotropic alignment.


Objective To explore the injury mechanism and operative treatment of intra-articular fracture of calcaneus.Methods Thirty-eight patients with forty-four fracture of calcaneus were treated with open reduction of L-Type of lateral wall of calcaneus and internal-fixation of the steel plate.Among them,16 cases were fractures of SandersⅡ,26 cases of Sanders Ⅲ,2 cases of Sanders Ⅳ.All cases′ fracture healing looked good at their last follow-up time.The time for completely loading on bone was 3~6 months (average,4 months) post-operation.Results All patients were followed up from 8 to 18 months(average,12 months),and the clinical results were evaluated by AOFAS Foot Score.The total score was 51~100 points(average,83.7 points).Excellent results were noted in 12,good in 23,fair in 7,bad in 2,the ratio of excellent and good results was 79.5%.Conclusion Intra-articular fracture of calcaneus can be effectively treated with open reduction and inter-fixation of the steel plate.


During the winters of 1997-98 and 1998-99, an experimental study on temporarily reduced wintertime speed limits was performed, involving a number of different two-lane road links in rural Norway. The aim has been to assess the effect of reduced wintertime speed limits on speed, under varying conditions. The possible impact on accident frequency or risk was beyond the scope of the study.


Treatment.?A disease, the pathology of which is not well understood, has seldom a satisfactory treatment; such is the case with pernicious anaemia. The frequency of fatty heart at once indicates the need for rest and usually rest in bed, so also saving the body wear and tear as much as possible. There is a general agreement that a milk and farinaceous diet is the most suitable. Hunter and Stephen Mackenzie both assert that a nitrogenous diet increases normal blood destruction. Of course this diet must not be too rigidly adhered to. Symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhoea or hremorrhages must be controlled by appropriate remedies apart from the main attack on the disease. Dyspnoea is sometimes very much relieved by oxygen inhalations. In a case of profound antemia from liaematemesis, the oxygen seemed to give great relief, and to tide the patient over the interval during which the blood was regenerating itself. Of


Debt policy is one of the most important decisions for the company. It is thus important to figure out the determinants of debt policy. The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the size, free cash flow, managerial ownership, dividend policy on debt policy of Indonesian manufacturing public listed firms. Data collected from 195 companies from 2012 to 2014 were analyzed using multiple regression. Current study found that free cash flow and managerial ownership have negative effect on the debt policy. Furthermore, the study also found that dividend policy and company size positively affects the debt policy.


Three-dimensional incompressible turbulent flow within a linear turbine cascade with tip clearance is analyzed numerically. The governing equations involving the standard k — model are solved in the physical component tensor form with a boundary-fitted coordinate system. In the analysis, the blade tip geometry is treated accurately in order to predict the flow through the tip clearance in detail when the blades have large thicknesses. Although the number of grids employed in the present study is not enough because of the limitation of computer storage memory, the computed results show good agreements with the experimental results. Moreover, the results clearly exhibit the locus of minimum pressure on the rear part of the pressure surface at the blade tip. NOMENCLATURE A : total flux coefficient • : axial blade chord C, : static pressure coefficient • : total pressure coefficient g : determinant of metric tensor : contravariant component of metric tensor gu : covariant component of metric tensor H : span k : turbulent energy p : static pressure • : total pressure Re : Reynolds number


Abstract Two types of multi-composition PZT composites whose configurations are parallel and series, respectively, were prepared by conventional ceramic processing. Their FR(LT)-FR(HT) phase transition behaviors were investigated and compared with that of single composition ceramic materials. The temperature ranges of FR(LT)-FR(HT) phase transition in multi-composition ceramic samples were wider than that in single composition ceramic samples. The former reached 16°C and 10°C, respectively, while the latter was only about 2°C. The peak values of pyroelectric current of composites decreased when the total area of samples remained unchanged, but they were still much larger than that of ordinary linear pyroelectric materials. The two types of multi-composition PZT composites were the candidates for pyroelectric sensor materials and can be used for heat-electric energy conversion.


Defect levels introduced by implanting GaAs with high-energy protons give rise to optical absorption at wavelengths greater than that of the normal absorption edge at 0.9 µ. Optical waveguide detectors may be fabricated by taking advantage of this absorption mechanism in the presence of a Schottky barrier depletion layer. Detector response times less than 200 ns and external quantum efficiencies of 16% have been observed.


This study presents a technique for separation of Heart Sound Signal (HSS) from Lung Sound Signal (LSS) using Adaptive Line Enhancer (ALE) with Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm with real time recorded


We demonstrate the generation of a low noise 560 GHz wave from a dissipative Kerr microresonator soliton comb, which is locked to a fiber delay in a two-wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer.


Spoken word comprehension requires functionally hierarchical stages of analysis to conjunct acoustic-phonetic input with mental lexicon. How the specific process unfolds along time axis is still unclear. In this study, we utilized electroencephalograph (EEG) based source reconstruction technique to reveal spatiotemporal brain dynamics when 22 participants listened to disyllable nouns and verbs. Current density reconstruction (CDR) algorithm with standardized low resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) constraint was conducted to reconstruct brain activation maps. Results showed that noun-verb neural dissociation occurred in three periods of 50∼100 ms, 150∼250 ms, and 350∼450 ms, which suggest that semantic access may take place at a quite early stage and repeat in a recurrent fashion. The three durations can be regarded as a three-phase recurrent process (TPRP) for spoken word processing: tentative access phase, primary selection phase, and advanced integration phase. The proposed TPRP will advance our understanding on speech comprehension and provide new sight for further research.


Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University, 1953

N.B.: the pages in this thesis are mis-numbered; page 101 is followed by page 103. We believe that this is a numbering error on the author's part, and no actual content is missing.


This article aims to reveal the precise meaning of Mexico's export platform by focusing on maquiladoras and the disguised maquila industry. In both sectors, imported components account for 75 to 90 percent of export value. As a result, benefits for the Mexican economy are basically restricted to wages, that is, the value of the labor incorporated into the exports. The authors argue that what is actually taking place is the disembodied exportation of labor or, alternatively, that the workforce is being exported without requiring Mexican workers to leave the country. The authors thus demystify the purported orientation of Mexican exports toward high-value-added manufactured goods and reveal the regressive movement of the export platform.


In this paper we put forward a formal description of theories which can be used to record understanding of, and explain decisions in, case law domains. We believe that reasoning with cases involves all of theory construction, use and evaluation, and that awareness of the theory which provides a context for case based arguments is essential to understanding such arguments. Moreover, our account of these theories includes a systematic link between factors and values, which we believe is necessary to explain why some arguments prove to be more persuasive than others. We begin by formalising the various elements that the theories contain, and then provide a set of theory constructors which allow theories to built up from the background of decided cases. We show how such theories can be used to explain decisions on particular cases. We discuss how theories can be compared and evaluated. We then show how the argument moves of HYPO and CATO can be understood in terms of our framework. We conclude with a brief discussion of an implementation of the framework, and a summary of the major features of our approach.


The aim of the current study was to investigate th e environmental factors potential sources of variation for postweaning traits in Buchi sheep maintained at the Livestock Experiment Station Jugaitpir, Pakistan. Data were collected from 1986 through 2010. Means ± SE were 16.58 ± 0.04 kg for weight adjusted to 180 days of age, 22.62 ± 0.05 kg for weight adjusted to 270 days of age and 33.78 ± 0.067 kg for weight adjusted to 365 days of age. Statistical analyses were performed by using the mixed procedure of the SAS statistical package. The model included the effects of year and season of birth, sex, type of birth, parity, age and weight of dam at lambing, and two -way interactions between these factors. Results showed that all postweaning traits were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by year, interaction between year and season, and interaction between year and sex of lamb. A significant interaction (P < 0.05) between season and sex existed for the weights adjusted to 180 and 365 days of age. These two traits were also affected (P < 0.05) by sex of lamb. Season, type of birth, parity, a ge and weight of dam were not important sources of variation for postweaning traits in this population. These results suggested that the feeding and management would need to be flexible to face any harsh climate and feed scarcity situation to maintain a productive and profitable sheep production system with Buchi sheep.


Open access and open archiving of scientific research are currently arousing much debate (see Chem. Br., Nov 2003, p. 5). Unrestricted access to the results of chemical research, especially that funded by taxpayers, is the aim of those promoting open archiving who believe that publishers restrict or control access to scientific literature by levying charges. This point is often raised and the response of the scientific community will have a profound effect both on the way that scientific work is documented and communicated and on the future of charity-based science-promoting organizations, including the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). The view of the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers (ALPSP), which represents many society publishers in the UK whose charitable activities would not be possible without income from their publishing operations, is as follows:


In this paper, Operating characteristics of 3 kW Utility-Interconnected Photovoltaic Generation System is presented. For the purpose of optimal utility-Interconnected photovoltaic system design and installation. The Solar Energy demonstration research complex has been monitoring PV system performance for the last 12 months. It is that demonstrate throughout the installed PV system respectively, 3kW utility- interconnected residential system. This experience result has shown that data collection requirements can be presented Solar cell array characteristic, PCS characteristic, hole system efficiency, difference of quantity of electric power generation in regard of system performance, ratio of system utilization, ratio of capacity and driving characteristics


Due to the increase in electrical power demand, future more electric and all-electric aircraft designs will operate at higher voltage levels compared to current aircraft. Due to higher voltage levels and reduced operating pressure, insulation systems will be at risk. Air is the main insulating medium, and it is well known that its dielectric strength decreases considerably with operating pressure. Although electrical discharges can be detected by different techniques, optical methods are very attractive due to their sensitivity and immunity to acoustic and electromagnetic noise typical of aeronautical environments. This work analyzes the UV-visible spectrum of corona discharges and electric arcs in the 10–100 kPa pressure range, which covers most of the aeronautical applications, due to the lack of experimental data for this pressure range. The data presented in this work are important to select the most suitable optical sensors to detect electrical discharges at an early stage, before significant damage occurs. This approach will help implement preventive maintenance plans and increase aircraft safety. The results presented in this paper can also be applied to other areas, such as monitoring of discharges in power lines, particularly those located in high-altitude regions.


The application of mathematical methods in many disciplines' establishment and improvement has become an indispensable methods of research.As a result,intelligence analysis system in frontier defence has also incorporated mathematical methods.In this paper,verifying time sequence analysis is credible by building a mathematical model and making a comparison between the predict data and the actual data to test the results.


The immunoglobulins (Igs) were isolated and purified respectively from serum of Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baerii ) and Stellate sturgeon ( Acipenser stellatus ) by using 50% saturated ammonium sulfate precipitation. Analysis of the purified Ig of the two species of fishes on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing conditions revealed two bands, heavy chains and light chains respectively. The molecular weight of the heavy chains of two fishes was about 70 kD and the molecular weight of the light chains was 27kD for Siberian sturgeon and 27.5 kD for Stellate sturgeon. The results suggested that the isolated and purified serum Immunoglobuline in two species of sturgeons, Siberian sturgeon ( A. baerii ) and Stellate sturgeon ( A. stellatus ) can be used to produce polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against sturgeon Ig for developing diagnostic tests against a wide variety of pathogens.


The symptoms of the acute radiopathy are chiefly characterized by a severe blood coagulation disorder. The main results and problems of research work on this haemorrhagic diathesis are shortly reviewed.


Education may be defined as the duration of socialization and culturalization process which goes on lifelong. Teaching may be defined as social lifes which are planned and institutionalized for the individuals to be required to gain the information, skill and values. Although the use of technology, which is one of the most effective elements of the information age, makes the community and the professional stronger and also makes life easier against events and facts, it puts new responsibilities to the individual, communinity and the professional. The aim of this questionnaire is to determine the attitudes towards technology of some science teachers in some high schools in Kahramanmaras province. The questionnaire has been done on randomly selected 155 teachers from 19 high schools in Kahramanmaras. In order to collect personal information –such as gender, age and branch, used as an independent variable, a questionnaire prepeared by researchers has been used and in determining technological attitudes, "Attitudes towards Technology" measure, developed by Akbaba, has been used. The results show that teachers have no positive attitutes towards technology.


ABSTRACT
CBT and Interpretation Bias Modification for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Examining the Roles of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Interpretation Bias in Symptom Reduction

Eleanor Donegan, Ph.D.
Concordia University, 2016

 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive worry and anxiety (APA, 2013). Although cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is efficacious, 20-50% of individuals with GAD continue to meet diagnostic criteria following treatment (Hanrahan et al., 2013). To improve outcomes, it is essential that we develop a better understanding of the factors involved in symptom reduction and ensure that these factors are targeted effectively. Two factors that are associated with excessive worry and anxiety are intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and negative interpretation bias (Ladouceur et al., 2000; Rosen & Knauper, 2009), both of which have been proposed to play a role in the maintenance of GAD symptoms (Hayes & Hirsch, 2007; Koerner & Dugas, 2006). In this program of research, the first goal was to examine the impact of an IU-focused CBT (Dugas & Ladouceur, 2000) on IU and negative interpretation bias and to determine whether these factors played a role in symptom reduction. In Study 1, 80 adults completed CBT for GAD. By post-treatment, CBT was associated with reductions in GAD symptoms, IU and negative interpretation bias. Moreover, reductions in negative interpretation bias predicted reductions in GAD symptoms and this effect was partially mediated by reductions in IU. Cognitive bias modification programs (CBM-I) have also been developed to target interpretation bias, primarily among socially anxious individuals, and have been proposed as low-cost alternatives to CBT (Amir & Taylor, 2012). The second goal in this program of research was to validate a new CBM-I program designed to target interpretation bias in GAD worry domains. In Study 2, participants who completed CBM-I (n = 16) exhibited greater reductions in negative interpretation bias than participants in an interpretation control condition (n = 14). However, CBM-I training did not lead to anticipated reductions in worry or anxiety. Overall, this program of research provided further support for an IU-focused CBT and insight into change processes during treatment. Although the CBM-I program examined here cannot yet be recommended as a stand-alone intervention, other clinical uses of CBM-I are discussed, including the possibility of implementing CBM-I as an adjunct intervention to enhance the efficacy of CBT.


INTRODUCTION:It is unclear if women with chronic hypertension (CHTN) and superimposed preeclampsia (siPE) have more severe disease than women with preeclampsia (PE) without CHTN. We sought to compare disease features and outcomes in these groups.METHODS:Retrospective cohort study (Oct'13 - May'17) a


Objective To explore the effects of simulated microgravity induced by clinorotation on the expression of caveolin-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells(PMVECs).Methods Clinorotation with a clinostat rotator was instituted to simulate the microgravity condition,and the effects of clinorotation on the cultured PMVECs were investigated.PMVECs were cultivated under clinorotation at 30r/min for 12 and 24 hours,respectively.The control group consisted of PMVEC cultured under similar condition without clinorotation for 12 and 48 hours.Griess assay was performed to detect the release of nitric oxide(NO),transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructural changes in caveolae,and Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of eNOS and caveolin-1.Results The production of NO and expression of eNOS were higher in microgravity-exposed 12h group and microgravity-exposed 24h group than in control 12h group and control 24h group,respectively(P0.05).By using the transmission electron microscope,caveolae,in clear feature resembling Ω,were found abundantly on cell membrane in control 12h group and control 24h group,whereas less caveolae,with obscure structure,were found in microgravity-exposed 12h group,and caveolae were hardly found in microgravity-exposed 24h group.Western blotting showed a significant decrease in the expression of caveolin-1 in microgravity-exposed 12h group and microgravity-exposed 24h group compared with control 12h group and control 24h group,respectively(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion Simulated microgravity induced by clinorotation may inhibit the expression of caveolin-1,and increase the eNOS expression and NO production in PMVECs.


The coefficient of increase of supply voltage depending on the control method is calculated for different variants of frequency and voltage converters. Calculations of mass and size indices of converters for the principal block diagrams of the supply system are carried out and recommendations on the choice of structure depending on the supply network type are given.


Japan's Arctic strategy, particularly its geopolitical and economic aspects, has been thoroughly reviewed by both Russian and foreign experts. However, the structures and mechanisms behind this strategy remain somewhat obscure. This paper is intended to partially fill this gap by resorting to the study of the Japanese Arctic lobby. The authors identify the key interest groups which stand for an active Arctic policy and for cooperation with the Russian Federation in that regard. These include, in particular, the energy sector representatives that sought to take part in the construction of liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants. The decision of the Japanese government to join the Western anti-Russian sanctions disrupted these plans. However, the adoption of S. Abe's 8-points plan in 2016 opened up new opportunities for the Russia-Japan Arctic cooperation. Yet another two groups of interest are equally interested in strengthening bilateral relations — shipping and ship-building industries. They also suffered from anti-Russian sanctions but now they are actively engaged in the construction of the LNG jetties near Murmansk and in Kamchatka. There is also a growing interest towards the Arctic region within the fishery industry — a very important sector of Japan's economy. Cooperation with Russia increases Tokyo's capacity to participate in the creation of international legal regime of fisheries in the Central Arctic ocean. Finally, the authors identify another important element of the Japanese Arctic lobby — regional elites. In that regard, they examine activities of the Hokkaido prefecture to engage in development of the Northern Sea Route. The paper examines the key mechanisms used by the Arctic lobby to influence the authorities, including sectoral, regional and national business associations, research and educational centers and mass media, as well as 'built-in lobby' in relevant ministries and agencies responsible for making and implementing Tokyo's Arctic policies. The authors conclude that, although the Arctic lobby is unable to persuade the Government to remove anti-Russian sanctions altogether, elaboration of a selective strategy of cooperation with the Japanese business community could strengthen bilateral relations and provide new opportunities for exploiting natural resources of the Far North and developing the Russian Arctic.


In a comparative study among two groups of patients--persons with a medial fracture of the collum femoris and persons with advanced coxarthrosis--the zinc-content of the femur was measured. For this analysis a bone-biopsy was performed when an endoprothesis was implanted. In some of the patients the zinc-levels in the blood were determined on several occasions. If the zinc-content of the blood was low, similarly the zinc-content of the bone was reduced, especially in patients with medial fractures. In patients with severe coxarthrosis the zinc-content is reduced by 50%.


Objective: To present the results of open reduction of neglected elbow dislocations using a consistent surgical protocol.
Patients and methods: Between 2000 and 2005 eight patients with neglected elbow dislocations were operated on using the Speed\'s posterior approach with lengthening of the triceps by V-Y musculoplasty. The average age of patients was 32.2 years.
The average delay from injury to the initial examination was 6.2 months. At the time of the initial presentation to hospital, all patients experienced elbow stiffness with non functional range of motion. Main outcome measure: Functional results were assessed
by measuring the active range of flexion-extension.
Results: All elbows had improved flexion at follow-up which ranged from three to eighteen months (average 10.7 months). The average arc of flexion improved from 21° (range 0° to 45°) to 82° (range 40° to 140°). The average maximum flexion at the elbow
improved from 60° (range 30° to 85°) to 99° (range 70° to 140°). The mean flexion contracture at the elbow decreased from 39° to 18°. No patient had recurrence of dislocation.
Conclusion: The Speed technique is a viable option in treating non functional neglected elbow dislocations. The midterm results are encouraging although they are mainly hampered by inadequate follow-up and difficulties in performing the rehabilitation program in low-income countries. Keywords : Elbow, Neglected dislocation, Speed procedure Nigerian Journal of Orthopaedics and Trauma Vol. 7 (1) 2008 pp. 13-16


Abstract A new method of characterizing the adhesion at the interface of partially miscible and immiscible binary polymer blends based on free volume concept is described here. The efficacy of the method is tested in four binary polymer blend systems namely PS/PMMA, PVC/EVA, PP/NBR and PVC/SAN. The usefulness of hydrodynamic interaction is exploited which is derived from free volume data to understand the changes at the interface. We understand that if the adhesion at the interface is good it exhibits large negative values for hydrodynamic interaction parameter α, a measure of excess friction at the interface. The thermal properties (indicated by Tg) also improve for this condition. To show that the method is sensitive to the changes at the interface, we modified the interface through microwave and e-beam irradiation and found from α characterization, that blends with polar groups exhibit interface stabilization for microwave irradiation while e-beam is good for blends with no polar or weak polar groups.


Among 350 urine samples collected from urinary tract infection patients in Erbil city, (50) isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Their identity confirmed by Vitek2 system. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production determined by phenotypic and molecular methods. Phenotypic detection methods include an initial screening by using (ATM30, CTX5 and CI30), by which (52%) were resistant. Phenotypic ESBL production was confirmed by DDST and CDM. Eight per cent of the isolates were ESBL producer by DDST and (42%) were ESBL producer by CDM. Fifty per cent of the isolates were ESBL producer by both methods. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification used for detection of SHV-11 (a non- ESBL) gene in the genomic DNA and SHV-12 (an ESBL) gene in the plasmid DNA. SHV-11 found in the genomic DNA of 96% of ESBL producer isolates, while 88% of phenotypic ESBL negative isolates contained SHV-11 in their genomic DNA. Seventy two per cent of the phenotypic ESBL producer isolates had SHV-12 in their plasmid DNA, whereas 44% of the phenotypic ESBL negative isolates contained SHV-12 in their plasmid DNA. Out of 25 phenotypic ESBL producer isolates, 72% carried SHV-11 and SHV-12, whilst only 44% of phenotypic ESBL negative isolates contained both genes.


In this paper, we introduce some new operations on type-2 soft sets and discuss related properties. The notions of primary empty type-2 soft sets, underlying empty type-2 soft sets and complete type-2 soft sets are introduced. In particular, we define four new operations (the extension, the restriction, the extension-restriction, the restriction-extension) each on union, intersection and difference. By using these new definitions we prove certain De Morgan's laws in type-2 soft set theory. Finally, an example which shows the validity of De Morgan's laws in real life problems is presented.


After briefly describing each article contained in the volume under review, this review article closely examines four articles out of the volume, which address important issues in current syntactic theory: Riemsdijk's article, Lechner's article, Cecchetto and Percus's article, and Rizzi and Shlonsky's article. The discussion includes how Free Relatives, Transparent Free Relatives and Horn Amalgams are unified in terms of grafting, whether head movement can have effects on semantic interpretation, what mechanisms are involved in VPanaphora and VP-ellipsis, and how the Subject Criterion in the sense of Rizzi (2006) is satisfied in Locative Inversion.*


a. use the correct attention and at-ease positions, as bad body posture can lead to fatigue; b. move toes inside shoes/boots; c. tense and release different muscles in turn; d. bend the knees very slightly (without moving the upper body); e. clench and unclench the fists; f. slightly raise the heels off the ground (again, without moving the upper body); g. maintain concentration and use methods such as looking for faces in the crowd, counting objects, identifying medals and insignia etc. (without moving the head); and h. pay attention as to what is going on – don't let the mind wander and daydream.


The influence of embedded optical fibre on the strength of flexurally loaded composite laminate is studied in this paper. In a given structure, different loads create a complex state of stresses in the structure. In-situ structural health monitoring of composite structures could be achieved by using embedded optical fibre as sensors. The primary goal of this research is to assess whether the inclusion of optical fibre creates a local stress concentration which could trigger delamination and final collapse of the structure. In the current study optical fibres are embedded in three types of specimens; first at the neutral axis (50% thickness) and second at 75% thickness from the mould surface and at last without optical fibre. The resin rich area is around the optical fibre and the bonding between the optical fibre and the resin is studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). An attempt is made to assess the structure using C-Scan method. It was concluded that the embedded optical fibres could be successfully used as sensors in composite laminae and will not significantly compromise the strength and integrity of the composite host.