The optimal reinsurance arrangement is identified whenever the reinsurer counterparty default risk is incorporated in a one-period model. Our default risk model allows the possibility for the reinsurer to fail paying in full the promised indemnity, whenever it exceeds the level of regulatory capital. We also investigate the change in the optimal solution if the reinsurance premium recognises or not the default in payment. Closed form solutions are elaborated when the insurer's objective function is set via some well-known risk measures. It is also discussed the effect of reinsurance over the policyholder welfare. If the insurer is Value-at-Risk regulated, then the reinsurance does not increase the policyholder's exposure for any possible reinsurance transfer, even if the reinsurer may default in paying the promised indemnity. Numerical examples are also provided in order to illustrate and conclude our findings. It is found that the optimal reinsurance contract does not usually change if the counterparty default risk is taken into account, but one should consider this effect in order to properly measure the policyholders exposure. In addition, the counterparty default risk may change the insurer's ideal arrangement if the buyer and seller have very different views on the reinsurer's recovery rate.


The moderate halophile QHL1 isolated from 20 water samples of Qinghai Lake was preliminarily identified as a member of the genus Holomonas.The conserved ectB gene of 1269bp from this strain was amplified by PCR.The ectABC gene cluster for biosynthesis of ectoine was further cloned by genome walking methods.Analysis of the DNAStar software showed that ectA,ectB and ectC genes organized as an operon and the size were 579bp,1269bp and 390bp predicting to encode peptides of 192,422 and 129 amino acids,respectively.The deduced amino acid sequences of EctA,EctB and EctC shared 57%,96% and 85% identity to 2,4-diaminobutyric acid acetyltransferase,2,4-diaminobutyric acid transaminase and ectoine synthase of Halomonas sp.Nj223 respectively according to homology analysis.The recombinant expression vector pET-28-ectB was constructed by molecular cloning.Inducion and expression of the recombinant strain by IPTG and SDS-PAGE showed that the relative molecular mass of the expression product was 46kDa as predicted.


Twenty eight crude water extracts of four Egyptian plants: Hibiscus sabdariffa (Karkade) , Tamarindus indica (Tamarind) t Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice) and Ceratonia siliqua (Carob) , were tested for their antibacterial activities against 10 common pathogenic bacteria,Bacillus cereus, Shigella flexenary and Escherichia coli showed sensitivity to the 28 extracts. Shigella sp. showed sensitivity to 24 extracts while Pseudomonas sp. and Salmonella typhimurium were sensitive to 23 extracts. Salmonella paratyphi and Aerobacter aerogenes showed sensitivity to 22 extracts, Serratia marcesence and Aeromonas hydrophila showed sensitivity to 20 extracts. Karkade exhibited marked antibacterial activity against all the 10 organisms. E. coli and Shigella flexenary had no observed sensitivity to Liquorice extracts. Aerobacter aerogenes was the only one which had no observed sensitivity to Tamarind extracts. All the extracts of Carob were effective against only two pathogens:Bacillus cereus and Shigella flexenary. The results support the traditional uses of extracts of these plants for the management of bacterial infections and for the development of antibacterial agents for the preservation of foods.


The invention relates to an automatic vehicle-mounted electronic control unit CAN bus communication testing device. A testing host of the device controls a programmable power supply to output different amplitudes of voltages according to working requirements of an ECU; physical layer testing signals of a CAN bus are output to a network oscilloscope to be displayed, and physical layer testing data are transmitted to the testing host through the network oscilloscope; ECU testing data are transmitted to the testing host through a bus data acquisition device; the testing host records, analyzes and evaluates the testing data of the ECU and the CAN bus to generate a test report. A bus interferometer is used for interfering with bus waveforms of the tested ECU in real time. The testing host controls on-off states of relays of a bus testing board card through a testing control card board to execute the bus fault injection operation. By means of the automatic vehicle-mounted electronic control unit CAN bus communication testing device, various defects of a manual test are overcome, unnecessary repeated labor of a vehicle-mounted network engineer is reduced, and the testing result is accurate.


We report on the demonstration of all‐optical switching in a 110 μm diam, 1 cm long Fabry–Perot cavity defined in a dye‐doped polymer optical fiber waveguide. Such a device is a basic building block of optical logic.


The empirical study of the monthly data from January,2001 to September,2008 indicates that there exists the long term stable relationships among the industrial added values of China,all the loans of RMB in financial institutions and broad monetary aggregate,which gives the evidence that the way to take the monetary supply as intermediary target is effective after the controlling mode change of monetary policy in China.


The paper analyzes the size accuracy and the technics of the interchangeable parts of linear rolling guide-ways. The assembly methods for the interchangeable guideways are described with examples. Then the key equipment for realizing the interchangeability is suggested. It emphasizes that the best way for producing the linear rolling guidways is to realize interchangeability.


Upon his graduation from Annapolis in 1968, Admiral Davis entered the Naval Postgraduate School, where he earned a Master of Science degree in 1969.


Use of induction motor (IM) at it's highest efficiency is a big demanding task because of their complex mathematical model and non linear features during saturation. These elements make the control of IM strenuous and call for the use of high performance control algorithm such as field orientation control. This paper introduces a speed controller, particularly at minimum speeds by utilizing Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) of induction motor (IM) drives fed by a four-switch three-phase (FSTP) inverter. From suggested viewpoint, the IM drive is used with a FSTP inverter as an alternative for the conventional six-switch three-phase (SSTP) inverter. Utter IFOC programme includes the FLC of IM drives with the suggested FSTP inverter is raised in MATLAB/Simulink. By considering the good dynamic performance, cost minimization and low total harmonic distortion (THD), FSTP inverters are comparable with SSTP inverters. The dynamic performance and robustness of proposed FLC with the FSTP inverter fed IM drive is verified with PI controller. It is established that the suggested FLC is further powerful than the PI controller under speed tracking and load disturbances


In the chorus music teaching of primary and middle schools, the rhythm training is very important. Rhythm not only plays the role of skeleton and soul in music, but also has some typical meaning and leading role in music, therefore, one of the indispensable links in the regular chorus teaching is to grasp the accurate rhythm through the rhythm training, through the effective rhythm training is conducive to cultivating students' musical sentiment and better interpretation of the artistic conception of the music works in the process of singing. Therefore, according to the students'ability to comprehend music and their learning characteristics, and combined with the actual situation, this paper explores how to carry out the rhythm training in the chorus music teaching process in primary and secondary schools.


Objectives: The objective of this work is to determine the proportion of anxiety in Spanish medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: 31 undergraduate medical students from a Spanish university answered an online questionnaire in April 2020. The GAD-7 scale was used to assess self-reported anxious symptomatology, and the cut-off points were used to classify them as probable anxiety. Results: 64.5% of the sample presented anxiety, being more prevalent among women and the youngest. Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety in the analyzed sample suggests the need to assess anxious symptomatology among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic and to establish adequate psychological support programs. Future epidemiological studies with large and representative samples are necessary to monitor the mental health of this group.


The reactivity of the Δ7,10-double bond of bicyclic[3.3.1]nonatriones such as (I) is investigated resulting in the discovery of a novel skeletal rearrangement to a highly functionalized bicyclo[3.3.0]octane.


A new era has started with Law Number 4, year 1996 on the Security Rights on Land (UUHT) in the field of lazo on security rights with the insertion of a new method of executing the mortgage Law through sale based on a private agreement. This means that due to this private agreement, the owner of the secured goods has to give his approval and signature; whereas the deterimination of the price must also be approved by the owner of the secured goods. However, a sale of a fiduciary object through a private agreement, as regulated in Lazu Number 42 Year 1999 on Fiduciary Rights, contains several relatively harsh conditions to be execited, as it, among others, requires an agreement between the person giving and the person accepting the fiduciary rights. It is estimated that this condition will be concentrated on the issue of pricing and costs favoring both parties. Taking the burden of this condition into view, the chances will be great that this method of selling by means of a private contract will be unpopular. Even if this method is chosen, it is estimated that such will be restricted to large-scale loans. It may be possible that the method, which so far has taken place, will be more favorably to the parties, compared to the new methods of the Fiduciary Law. With the old method, the debtor or the owner of the security, with the approval of the debtor, will redeem or settle the burdened (the value of the agreement)goods, which has become a fiduciary object. It may be possible that the money for redemption originates from a candidate buyer. Hereafter, or simultaneously, the owner will execute a purchase and sale with the buyer under a private contract (signed by the owner of the goods).


This study focuses on the changes in perception of dyadic adjustment following childbirth and on the role of attachment (as a risk or protection factor) in the way partners adjust to this stressful event. Four attachment configurations were analyzed which emerged from the concordance or discordance between the "generalized" and the "specific" states of mind in the individual, and a longitudinal and cross-sectional study on N = 206 participants (104 "new-parents" and 102 "nonparents by choice") was then implemented. These results showed that individuals who became parents had lower dyadic adjustment levels than nonparents (Lrtest = 395.03; p < .001). This decline in values seemed to be more pronounced for the "affectional expression" subscale (b = −3.69) and suggests that in our sample the expression of love toward a partner might be particularly subject to stress due to the arrival of a child. Considering the role played in the attachment configuration of each individual, a significant effect upon Insecur...


The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of sonography and fluoroscopy in guiding intussusception reduction and evaluate possible complications for each procedure.


Enterprises endeavouring to maximise shareholder value often employ Net Present Value (NPV) techniques in an attempt to achieve their financial objectives. Since Economic Value Added in monetary terms (EVAmon), Economic Value Added in real terms (EVAreal), and the measure Cash Flow Return on Investment (CFROI) focus on the maximisation of NPV, their implementation could contribute to the creation of shareholder value. In this study, these measures are critically compared. Firstly, the advantages and the disadvantages of the methods are discussed briefly. Secondly, the assumptions of the model developed to compare the measures, and the calculations to be made in order to arrive at meaningful conclusions are highlighted. The study finds that EVAmon is not always suited for use as a financial performance measure. The measures EVAreal and CFROI provide very similar results in the majority of cases investigated. The study identifies those situations where conflicting results are obtained, and attempts to explain the reasons for these phenomena.


As web usage grows and diversifies, design of interfaces for all becomes a big challenge. This work proposes an approach that enables to involve an unlimited number of users in the design process in a playful way. It benefits from resources offered by the Web as well as from the interest of people for playing games in the Internet. The central idea is the use of GWAPs (Games with a Purpose) to support the designer in choices of design elements, informed by a massive number of players. This paper presents an environment, named Games With Interaction Design Objective (GWIDO), and discuss preliminary evaluation with one of the games in the environment. Results suggest this approach may represent a promising effort towards more inclusive design choices to computer systems user interface in the web.


Abstract: Designing the biological safety program is our opportunity to define risk control. However, if our biological safety program is solely based on testing, it is then solely reactive. I test and discover that my product is likely biocompatible or has some issues that could compromise biological safety. I have a program based on pass or fail. I have wasted time and money only to find out that I have a problem. This is not the best approach. Biological safety is a control program. Therefore it is a feedback loop mechanism. The control of adverse events is based on intended use, the materials of construction, and the manufacturing materials and processes. Biological safety must be designed into the product. Equal emphasis must be placed on the materials and the process relative to intended use.


The potential for existing cracks in piping systems to grow to critical size and cause system failure during a severe earthquake was examined, and the critical crack size based on linear elastic mechanics was reviewed. A simple and crude method of relating the initial crack size, the range of strain produced in a component, and the number of cycles to failure, was proposed and discussed. The significance of piping failure due to ordinary crack growth other than the intergranular stress corrosion under seismic loading was found to be comparable with the potential for failure due to crack growth under severe seismic loads. A simplified piping system with only a few snubbers and hangers as seismic restraints was devised. The inverse of the maximum Von Mises ratios at a few nodal points of the piping system was used as the basis for indicating the change in safety factor due to piping restraint failures. The potential importance of seismic events leading to a core melt accident was examined by factoring the effect of design errors and system degradation into an estimate of the probability of a core-melt accident due to seismic events.


In this article we reflect on questions such as: do we need inclusive educa - tion? Is it feasible? Is it a reality or an ideal? We examine from where we came, to where we go, and where we are now. We analyze some of the barriers that impede inclusion, emphasizing the role that public authorities play, and the need of an increase in invol - vement and participation of families, teachers, and centers in this process to achieve better levels of school, employment and social inclusion. Finally, based on the results


The spiro[5.5]ketal moiety forms the underlying structural skeleton of numerous biologically active natural products. Since simplified but characteristic spiroketals derived from the parent natural products retain biological activity, the spiro[5.5]ketal unit can be regarded as a biologically prevalidated framework for the development of natural product-derived compound collections. We report an enantioselective synthesis of spiro[5.5]ketals on solid support. The reaction sequence employs asymmetric boron enolate aldol reactions with the enolate bound to the polymer or in solution as the key enantiodifferentiating step. It proceeds in up to 12 steps on solid support, makes the desired spiroketals available in high overall yields and with high stereoselectivities and is amenable to structural variation of the products. The small spiroketal collection synthesized contains phosphatase inhibitors and compounds that modulate the formation of the tubulin cytoskeleton in human cancer cells without directly targeting microtubules. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)


Insertion process of cylindrical parts with clearance for robotic assembly using vibratory excitation is analyzed in the paper. Mathematical model of vibratory parts insertion process, which determines peg contact with the chamfer of the bush, peg one point and two point contact with the bush hole, was formed. Simulation of cylindrical parts insertion process was performed. The influence of vibrations on the insertion process, when mobile based peg is kinematically excited in axial direction, was determined. The combinations of excitation and system parameters, under which insertion process duration is the shortest and the process is the most reliable, were detected.


In this special issue, the contributors argue that plasticity, the capacity of living systems to generate and take on new forms, is a central axis of biopolitical governance. While plasticity has a specific meaning in the life sciences, conceptually it has infused a broad range of theoretical, material, and scientific idioms for describing the malleability of a given body or system. Each of these conceptions of plasticity provides an account of malleability that, seemingly inexhaustible in its disorganizing qualities, has sometimes been framed as a resource for the disruption of normalizing systems of power. The articles in this special issue show that, by contrast, plasticity does not resist but is actually enlisted by state power through biopolitics. "The Biopolitics of Plasticity" investigates how race and state power actually depend on and enlist malleability and formlessness to govern living populations and individuals. By unevenly distributing the capacity of corporeal malleability, plasticity functions as a key logic underpinning the modern notion of racial difference. The issue's introduction proposes a critical reckoning with the racial politics of this important concept to ask new questions about how to understand the organic malleability of the body and such categories as race, sex, gender, and sexuality.


This paper introduces a variety of the biomass papermaking chemicals,focusing on the biomass dry strength agents,neutral sizing agent,surface sizing agent,retention and drainage aid,flocculants,etc.The recent trend to develop the high-performance of chemicals from biomass are predicted.The preparation and the action mechanism of starch-based,cellulose-based,lignin-based,chitosan-based papermaking chemicals have been described.


As a measurement of the level of college English teaching,as well as student ability's test,College English Test(CET) Band 4 and 6 according to the needs of situation development,continuously reform.After the reform,College English Test Band 4 and 6 have paid great attention to inspect students' English comprehensive application ability.This paper takes CET reform as a breakthrough point,from three aspects: the educational model,the language environment and the self-learning ability,to explore how to develop students' English comprehensive application ability.In this way,students' can be cultivated with the comprehensive English ability.


Apparatus for cleaning a traffic cone or bollard comprises an enclosed unit 6 which can be placed over the top of the traffic cone. Three brushes (9, fig 3) are rotatably connected on the inside of the unit 6 and water is supplied to the surface of the cone through the brushes (9, fig 3). The unit 6 can be connected to a vehicle or permanent fixing via an operating arm 1 which is able swing and pivot thus enabling easier positioning of the cleaning apparatus. A motor 3 and gear train 4 is provided to drive the brushes (9, fig 3) while handles 5, 7 are provided to enable the user to lift and manoeuvre the cleaning unit 6.


DAΦNE, the Frascati electron-positron collider, has completed the last, and more challenging, period of operation for the KLOE-2 detector. In this context the performances of the collider, based on the Crab-Waist collision scheme, are reviewed and the limiting factors discussed.


The first and probably the most important requirement of a language to be used for number crunching, is that FORTRAN subprograms be callable from it. It's also highly desirable for the converse to hold. The reason for these requirements is simply to be able to make use of existing numerical software, almost all of which is written in FORTRAN. (For example, the IMSL, NAG, LINPACK, EISPACK, ITPACK, SPARSPAK, . . . libraries.) In addition, much utility software (notably graphics packages) is "FORTRAN compatible". Most C implementations meet this FORTRAN compatibility requirement quite well, although any bugs due to differences in argument passing conventions 1 can be very hard to find.


International trade has become increasingly important to emerging market economies. Concurrently, increasing trade liberalization through the multilateral Doha Round, launched in November 2001, from the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) has been a failure. The essays in this issue evaluate the role of Brazil, China, and India at the WTO examining in particular their domestic and coalitional constraints, the fairness and justice claims underlying their interests, and the types of identity politics that inform their negotiation positions. These three facets do not make multilateral negotiations easy but they do offer possibilities for future negotiations. Multilateral trade negotiations may not decline but the current era of 'managed multilateralism' has become complex balancing great and emerging powers interests.


The novel SPEEK composite membranes used in the electrosynthesis of ammonium persulfate were made to decrease energy consumption and improve current efficiency.By testing the membrane's electrolytic properties,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the supporting layer,it is found that the corrosion resistance of polyester cloth was the best of all the measured materials.SPEEK composite membrane based on polyester cloth with 100 mesh counts exhibited the highest tensile strength;and the SPEEK composite membrane based on polyester cloth with 50 mesh counts obtained both the highest current efficiency and the lowest energy consumption.After all,the SPEEK composite membrane based on polyester cloth with 50 mesh counts is considered more appropriate to be applied in the electrosynthesis of ammonium persulfate,although its mechanical properties is not the best,the mechanical properties has been greatly improved compared with pure SPEEK membrane,and it also has a higher current efficiency and lower energy consumption.


Inspiratory dysfunction occurs in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The diaphragm is the primary inspiratory muscle, and diaphragm abnormalities likely contribute to the dyspnea and exercise intolerance that these patients experience. Animal models show that CHF causes diaphragm weakness, but it remains unclear whether disease effects and mechanisms of weakness are sex‐specific. We conducted the current study to test whether CHF effects on diaphragm function and morphology are sex‐specific and to explore putative mechanisms for diaphragm abnormalities via proteomics. We performed myocardial infarction or sham surgery on Sprague Dawley rats. We focused our efforts on animals with severe CHF, determined by 1) transmural infarct ≥ 35% of left ventricle + septal area and 2) right ventricle hypertrophy. We assessed diaphragm isometric contractile function in vitro, fiber type and cross sectional area, and global label free proteomics with mass spectrometry. CHF decreased diaphragm maximal tetanic isometric specific force (N/cm2) by ~20% in both males and females (n = 5–8 per group; P < 0.05). However, the effects on isometric twitch specific force were sex‐specific. CHF decreased twitch specific force (N/cm2) by ~30% (P < 0.05) in males, with no effect in females. There were no effects of disease on fiber type distribution or cross‐sectional area in either sex. Our preliminary proteomic results did not reveal any obvious changes in protein abundance that could explain the decrease in maximal diaphragm force in CHF. For instance, CHF (males) increased the relative quantity of myosin binding protein C fast‐type and troponin T slow isoform and decreased myosin light chain kinase‐2 and phosphorylase b kinase (P < 0.01, false‐discovery rate 1%). In females, our proteomics showed no changes in relative protein quantity with CHF. Overall, our data show that CHF effects on the diaphragm are generally similar between sexes, except for twitch specific force. Our preliminary findings from proteomics suggest that post‐translational modifications, rather than changes in relative quantity, are the main mechanisms underlying diaphragm weakness in CHF.


This paper shows results of validation of the Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System (ADMS) against the Indianapolis dataset, comparing arcwise maxima and analysing the results using the BOOT statistical package. There is good agreement between the quality 3 daytime observed and predicted concentrations. At night-time, calculated concentrations depend critically on the value of the surface roughness and minimum Monin-Obukhov length.


This letter presents an ultra-wideband distributed amplifier (DA) implemented in a 250 nm InP HBT technology. Four cascode gain cells are distributed along the input and output microstrip lines to achieve wideband operation. Each cascode cell employs inductive peaking at the output to further enhance the bandwidth and to align the phase delay between the input and output lines. All dc bias components are fully integrated on-chip. The DA exhibits a measured gain of 10 dB with a 3 dB bandwidth extending from 40 to 222 GHz. The maximum output power was measured to be 6.0, 9.2, and 8.5 dBm at 60, 77, and 134 GHz, respectively, which allows the DA to also be used as a medium-power amplifier. To the authors' best knowledge, the DA achieves the highest 3 dB bandwidth of 182 GHz reported thus far, while showing low dc power consumption (105 mW) compared to other state-of-the-art DAs.


Online dating arises as a popular venue for finding romantic partners in recent years. Many online dating sites adopt recommender systems to help their users. However, few of current research provides solutions to cold start problem, i.e., providing recommendations to new users. In this research, we propose a new approach of providing reciprocal online dating recommendations to new users. Specifically, we detect communities from existing users, match new users to these communities, and take advantage of reciprocal activities of those community members to provide recommendations to new users. Using data from a popular U.S. online dating site, experiments show that our approach greatly outperforms existing methods.


Female desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria, epigenetically modify their progeny quality and quantity in response to crowding. Gregarious (crowd-reared) adult females produce larger but fewer progeny than do solitarious (isolated-reared) females. Hatchlings from gregarious females also show better survival. The reasons for these differences are unclear. This study investigated 1) the effects of rearing density on the variation in egg size within single egg pods; 2) the starvation tolerance of hatchlings from mothers with different phases and 3) physiological differences in hatchling energy reserves. Our results confirmed that isolated-reared females produce smaller but more eggs than crowd-reared females, and that the variation in egg size within single egg pods was greater for crowd-reared females than for isolated females. A trade-off (negative relationship) between egg size and number of eggs per individual egg pod was observed for both crowded and isolated groups. When starved, gregarious hatchlings (from crowd-reared females) survived significantly longer than solitarious ones (from isolated-reared females). For solitarious hatchlings, survival time was longer as hatchling body size increased, but for gregarious hatchlings, relatively small individuals survived as long as larger hatchlings. The percentage of water content per fresh body weight was almost equal between the two phases, both before and after starvation. In contrast, the percentage of lipid content per dry body weight was significantly higher in gregarious hatchlings than in solitarious ones before starvation, but became almost equal after starvation. These results demonstrated that crowded female adults not only trade-off to modify their progeny size and quantity, and also increase variability in progeny size and variability in energy reserves of these progeny. We hypothesize that gregarious females enhance their fitness by producing progeny differently adapted to high environmental variability and particularly to starvation conditions. (Texte integral)


The conceptualization of adult chronic pain serving a ho-meostatic function within the family is presented. The rationale for utilizing structural family therapy with chronic pain patients and their spouses is explored. A case study demonstrates the assessment process and the strategies and techniques used in treatment.


Over the past 25 years, there has been a proliferation of literature, both scholarly (Fashola, 2005; Ferguson, 2001; Flopkins, 1997; Polite & Davis, 1999; Taylor & Phillips, 2006; Watson & Smitherman, 1996) and popular (Hrabowski, Maton, & Greif, 1998; Kunjufu, 1985, 1989, 2005; Porter, 1998; Wynn, 1992;) regarding the academic development of Black males in the educational systems in the United States (Holzman, 2006). In response to global competition in scientific and technological innovation from such emerging countries as India, China, and Japan during the last decade (National Science Board, 2010), it has become imperative to reduce educational inequalities that continue to decrease Black males' opportunities for college degree completion; especially in engineering disciplines. Academic scholars have assured that the United States is in a state of educational emergency. Callan (2006) warns, What is needed is a sense of urgency among policy leaders, educators, and business leaders comparable to the policy emphasis that other countries are placing on higher education--as reflected in shifting international rankings.... The current level of performance will fall short in a world being reshaped by the knowledge-based global economy. Our country ... needs to educate more people with college-level knowledge and skills, (p. 5) Unfortunately, the method of improving the K-12 system remains one of the most politically and socially complex processes discussed in politics. While the goal remains to improve the quality of education and increase the learning opportunities for all students, there remains an inequitable educational system based on social and racial divisions. Research has shown that the education system has historically been less responsive to and supportive of the needs of Black males (Cuyjet, 2006; Harvey, 2008; Moore & Owens, 2008). In 2006, African American students, in general, received only 8% of STEM bachelor degrees as compared to 77 percent of White and Asian American students (Stolle-McAllister, Sto. Domingo, & Carillo, 2010). Additionally, while minorities are just as likely to enroll in STEM programs as their White counterparts, African American students are less likely to actually complete a STEM program, instead switching to a non-science major during their enrollment at an undergraduate institution (Tsui, 20007). Further, the context of the Black male experience in education is steeped in a framework that cannot be disregarded when examining the nature of how this particular student population conceptualizes their own academic identities. Whiting (2006) suggest that the phenomenon of academic disengagement among certain Black males in school might be rooted in their poorly developed academic identities. While this might be true, this article represents a unique examination of identity development processes, particularly in its focus on the impact of family support and the establishment of positive academic identity formation for Black male engineering majors. Education and the Experiences of Black Males Regrettably, it is not uncommon for the Black male educational narrative to be presented and viewed in a deficit frame. To date, a variety of research studies have focused on the plight of the Black males in education by addressing issues such as dropout rate, low-test scores, academic failure, and underrepresentation in gifted programs (Bennett et al., 2004). In the United States, the educational experiences of Black males consist of academic disparities, inequality of opportunity, and unjustified treatment based on race and social economic status (SES). Further, data on Black male education experiences consistently depict the achievement gap widening in comparison their gender and ethnic counterparts (Barton, 2003). In addition, Lee (1996) noted that, "Black males encounter formidable challenges to their educational development and many of them experience a serious stifling of achievement, aspiration, and pride in school systems throughout the country" (p. …


This is the first of a two part discussion the purpose of which is to demonstrate that a frankly structural, or network, approach to the analysis of community decision-making allows an observer to anticipate and manage community response to specific policies. Here I am concerned with anticipating community response. In part two (Burt, 1978), I am concerned with conflict resolution strategies. The specific policy used as illustration is siting nuclear power facilities. Published accounts of siting nuclear facilities are used to identify basic social parameters of the nuclear power issue as a community conflict. Changes in the form and content of relations in the network among opponents and proponents of a facility are described. Subsequently, the description is used to specify a causal model of the manner in which conflict escalation is promoted or inhibited by the characteristics and leadership structure of a community in which a nuclear facility is proposed. Hypotheses are derived predicting what types of communities can be expected to become embroiled in conflict and the process that conflict escalation will follow.


We investigated the effect of low fat (2.5%) probiotic dahi containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei on 1, 2dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Colon cancer was induced in male albino Wistar rats by subcutaneous injection of 20 mg 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) /kg body weight, weekly during 15 weeks. At the end of 18 weeks all the rats were sacrificed and body weight, total no. of aberrant crypts (AC), total no of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and no. of aberrant crypts per foci were recorded. The oxidative stress in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase ((SOD) in liver and colon tissues were also measured. A significant inhibition in the development of total no of ACF were observed in animals fed probiotic dahi as compared with those fed the control diets (P<0.01). In addition, total number of aberrant crypts per colon was also significantly reduced in animals fed the probiotic dahi as compared with the animals fed control diet (P <0.01). The feeding of probiotic dahi to rats significantly enhanced the activity of glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver and colon cells. Administration of probiotic dahi significantly reduced the level of TBARS as compare to DMH control rats (P< 0.01). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS, Volume 2, Number 4, pp. 203-208 (2007) 203-208 Dietary Modulation And Restoration Of Immune Response By A Prebiotic, Fructooligosacharides: An Experimental Study UMA RANI AND ARUNA BHATIA ABSTRACT: The increasing side effects and the cost of allopathic medicines make the consumer incline towards alternative therapeutic agents. As dietary supplements are the most consumer acceptable therapeutic agents the present study was carried out to see the health effects of orally delivered prebiotic (fructooligosacharides) in swiss-albino mice with major focus on its effect on immune response. Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) Test, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Test (iNOS), Phagocytosis and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) tests were employed to assess the cell-mediated immune response of the animals and ELISA was carried out to check the humoral immune response of the body. Results revealed that fructooligosacharides potentiated both the cellmediated as well as the humoral immune response. Fructooligosacharides not only ameliorated the immune response but it could restore the suppressed immune response of drug-immunosuppressed mice. It is concluded that fructooligosacharides can be applied as an immunotherapeutic agents. The increasing side effects and the cost of allopathic medicines make the consumer incline towards alternative therapeutic agents. As dietary supplements are the most consumer acceptable therapeutic agents the present study was carried out to see the health effects of orally delivered prebiotic (fructooligosacharides) in swiss-albino mice with major focus on its effect on immune response. Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) Test, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Test (iNOS), Phagocytosis and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) tests were employed to assess the cell-mediated immune response of the animals and ELISA was carried out to check the humoral immune response of the body. Results revealed that fructooligosacharides potentiated both the cellmediated as well as the humoral immune response. Fructooligosacharides not only ameliorated the immune response but it could restore the suppressed immune response of drug-immunosuppressed mice. It is concluded that fructooligosacharides can be applied as an immunotherapeutic agents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS, Volume 2, Number 4, pp. 209-214 (2007) 209-214 Effect Of Prebiotic Lactulose On Cholesteremia, Glycemia And Antibody Titres: An Experimental Study ROOPSEE GULATI AND ARUNA BHATIA ABSTRACT: The high concentration of cholesterol in the diet leads to raised cholesterol level in blood serum and that, in turn, exposes the consumer to the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Similarly, the higher blood sugar level leads to the danger of diabetes. The increasing side effects and the cost of allopathic medicines make the consumer incline towards alternative therapeutic agents. Dietary supplements are the most consumer acceptable alternative therapeutic agents. The present study was carried out to see the effect of lactulose , a prebiotic, on cholesteremia and hyperglycemia. The effect of combination of probiotic and prebiotic on blood sugar level was also determined. The results revealed significant hypocholesteremic and hypoglycemic effect of lactulose. The high concentration of cholesterol in the diet leads to raised cholesterol level in blood serum and that, in turn, exposes the consumer to the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Similarly, the higher blood sugar level leads to the danger of diabetes. The increasing side effects and the cost of allopathic medicines make the consumer incline towards alternative therapeutic agents. Dietary supplements are the most consumer acceptable alternative therapeutic agents. The present study was carried out to see the effect of lactulose , a prebiotic, on cholesteremia and hyperglycemia. The effect of combination of probiotic and prebiotic on blood sugar level was also determined. The results revealed significant hypocholesteremic and hypoglycemic effect of lactulose. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS, Volume 2, Number 4, pp. 215-224 (2007) 215-224 Enterococcus Faecalis Cect7121 Induces Systemic Immunomodulatory Effects And Protects From Salmonella Infection MARISA CASTROA, MÓNICA SPAROB, MATÍAS MOLINAA, JOSÉ ANDINOA, MARCELA MANGHIA ABSTRACT: In this work, the innocuousness of the bacterial strain of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 is demonstrated upon intraperitoneal administration to BALB/c mice. When administrated intragastrically during 3 days, this strain implants and persists in the intestinal epithelium for 18 days without affecting the preexisting flora of enterobacteriae. Besides, E. faecalis CECT7121 protected a 50% of the mice challenged intragastrically with Salmonella serotype Enteritidis. The effect of the administration of E. faecalis CECT7121 on the innate immune response was also evaluated. The in vitro stimulus of heat-killed E. faecalis CECT7121 induced the production of IL-12, TNF_ and IL-6 (inflammatory cytokines) by peritoneal macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. The production of IL-10 was also stimulated but only when the highest concentration was employed. However, E. faecalis CECT7121 did not stimulate the proliferative level of splenocytes in culture thus showing an anti-inflammatory effect. The intragastric administration of E. faecalis CECT7121 modified the cytokine pattern expressed by peritoneal macrophages, inducing the synthesis of similar levels of TNF_ and IL-12, lower levels of IL-6, whereas IL-10 was not detected. When these cells were stimulated with Salmonella serotype Enteritidis, higher levels of TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 were detected. These results indicate that E. faecalis CECT7121 modulates the innate systemic immune response by inducing the synthesis of homeostatic cytokines (IL-12 and IL-10). In this work, the innocuousness of the bacterial strain of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 is demonstrated upon intraperitoneal administration to BALB/c mice. When administrated intragastrically during 3 days, this strain implants and persists in the intestinal epithelium for 18 days without affecting the preexisting flora of enterobacteriae. Besides, E. faecalis CECT7121 protected a 50% of the mice challenged intragastrically with Salmonella serotype Enteritidis. The effect of the administration of E. faecalis CECT7121 on the innate immune response was also evaluated. The in vitro stimulus of heat-killed E. faecalis CECT7121 induced the production of IL-12, TNF_ and IL-6 (inflammatory cytokines) by peritoneal macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. The production of IL-10 was also stimulated but only when the highest concentration was employed. However, E. faecalis CECT7121 did not stimulate the proliferative level of splenocytes in culture thus showing an anti-inflammatory effect. The intragastric administration of E. faecalis CECT7121 modified the cytokine pattern expressed by peritoneal macrophages, inducing the synthesis of similar levels of TNF_ and IL-12, lower levels of IL-6, whereas IL-10 was not detected. When these cells were stimulated with Salmonella serotype Enteritidis, higher levels of TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 were detected. These results indicate that E. faecalis CECT7121 modulates the innate systemic immune response by inducing the synthesis of homeostatic cytokines (IL-12 and IL-10). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS, Volume 2, Number 4, pp. 225-232 (2007) 225-232 In Vitro Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Activity Of Putative Probiotic Lactobacilli Against Oral Pathogens IVA STAMATOVA, KIRSTI KARI AND JUKKA H. MEURMAN ABSTRACT: Effect of probiotic species on oral health is gradually being understood. However, more studies are needed on the characteristics of potential strains before clinical recommendations. The aim of the present in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of different Lactobacillus strains against oral pathogens, thus evaluating their prospective use as oral probiotics. Agar overlay and streak line methods were employed to study 30 lactobacilli strains for their inhibitory activity against eight oral Streptococcus species and three periodontal pathogens: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The results showed a marked strainand species-dependent inhibitory activity ranging from non-existent to strong inhibition. A. actinomycetemcomitans was the most susceptible of the oral species. Ho


This research explores the application of Aaker's (1997) brand-personality (BP) construct in the Australian action-sports (A/S) youth branded clothing market. It investigates the potential for detecting differences in the BP profiles of three A/S clothing brands (Hooker Technologies, Volcom, SMP) as well as a mainstream clothing brand (JAG). Based on the results from 300 Australian respondents actively involved in the A/S subculture, Aaker's (1997) BP construct was effective in profiling the three A/S brands consistent with the nature of the A/S subculture and its image. Further, Aaker's BP construct was able to determine significant BP profile differences amongst the three A/S clothing brands, as well as identifying BP profile differences between A/S-branded clothing and mainstream branded clothing.


Growth in the hair care salon service industry in Indonesia own great potential to continue to grow, public awareness to care for hair is influenced by changes In the changing lifestyle of society and the new modern style that exists. improving services at hair care salon services, several factors are need a few things improving service quality, paying attention to customer value and maintaining geographichal location. This research aims to understand the effect of Service Quality, Customer Value and Geographical Location, on Customer Loyalty in Via Salon Trenggalek. The methodology used in this research uses is a quantitative approach with primary data obtained by filling out the Google form questionnaire. The population of this research is customers of Via Salon Trenggalek. There were a total of 70 respondents when taking samples using the Lemeshow's  formula. This research uses SPSS 22 for data analysis, using multiple linear regression. The result of the research show that the variable Service Quality has no positive effect on Customer Loyalty, the customer value and geographical variables partially have a positive effect on customer loyalty on Via Salon Trenggalek. In addition, simultaneously service quality, customer value, and geographichal location affect customer loyalty at Via Salon Trenggalek.


We present early time, high resolution spectroscopy of three GRB afterglows: GRB050730, GRB050922C and GRB060418. These data give us precious information on the kinematics, ionization and metallicity of the interstellar matter of GRB host galaxies up to a redshift z ∼ 4, and of intervening absorbers along the line of sight.In particular, we find that the GRB surrounding medium is complex, featuring a clumpy environment in which gas is distributed in regions of space with different distances from the GRB explosion site. The absorption spectra show that elements are present both with high and low ionization states, and even forbidden, fine structure levels are commonly observed. These features allow us to evaluate the physical parameters of the absorbing gas. In details, the density of the gas regions lie in the range n = 10 ÷ 106 cm−3, and the temperatures are of the order of T = 103 ÷ 104 K.The metallicity of the GRB host galaxies is computed using the hydrogen absorption features. We find undersolar abun...


Aemilia Lanyer was a Londoner of Jewish-Italian descent and the mistress of Queen Elizabeth's Lord Chamberlain. But in 1611 she did something extraordinary for a middle-class woman of the seventeenth century: she published a volume of original poems. The essays in this volume establish the facts of Lanyer's life and use her poetry to interrogate that of her male contemporaries, Donne, Jonson, and Shakespeare (she was once thought to be Shakespeare's "Dark Lady"). Lanyer's work sheds light on views of gender and class identities in early modern society. By using Lanyer to look at the larger issues of women writers working within a patriarchal system, the authors go beyond the explication of Lanyer's writing to address the dynamics of canonization and the construction of literary history.


Credit Default Swaps ("CDS") are contracts that insure one party against default in an underlying financial instrument, usually a bond. Therefore, the price of CDS reflects the perceived risk of default in an underlying financial instrument. This project applied Support Vector Machines ("SVMs") to the prediction of CDS price changes for several individual companies across time. Previous research applying SVMs to predicting CDS prices used historical CDS prices as model inputs. This project proposed and applied several new input variables. Tests over a period of several years, across a group of CDS time-series, indicate that a combined model which uses the new input variables in addition to historical CDS price changes outperforms models that only use historical CDS price changes.


The abundant space, time, frequency and code resources of distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) enables it to bring various applications. The generalised ambiguity function (GAF) of distributed MIMO SAR is analysed. By equating the bistatic SAR to equivalent phase centre (EPC), the GAF can be expressed as sum of that of mostatic SAR. The influence of EPC's position on GAF is analysed, including its effects on amplitude items in range direction, in azimuth direction and phase item, and the boundary conditions of formation scale within which the envelope items are not affected are deduced. Furthermore, the phase in GAF is expressed as linear combinations of EPC position related to formation centre. The simulation results verify the negligibility of formation scale and show that the linear combination expression is accurate enough to evaluate the resolution.


Consumer is one of the important elements in economy, besides producer and product
themselves. They are related each other. The producer needs the consumer in order that
commodity and/or service can be sold completely for smoothing the economy, while the
consumer needs them to fulfill their life needs. In fact, there are so many cases appear due to
unresponsive producers to their consumers. The consumers often get minimal service from
producers who producing and distributing food which contains of dangerous substances like
borax, formalin, etc. Those substances are very dangerous for human body. Because the society
doesn't know it yet, government's role is needed here. Writer here tries to analyze about the
consumer protection of dangerous-substances food, based on the positive law in Indonesia; the
law Number Eight Years 1999 about Consumer Protection. The research uses the normative law
research by observing literature materials and interviewing some important informants. The
research will analyze about the responsibilty of the unresponsive producers according to the law
Number Eight Years 1999 and the certain laws set by Board of Medicine and Food Controller
(BPOM), Health Service, Industry Service, and Yogyakarta Consumer Institution (LKY), and
also the efforts to overcome the distribution. The conclusion of these analyses is the
responsibility of the producers is getting sanctions such as being prisoner, paying fine or
retribution, getting warning, withdrawal the exertion permission and even bring along a court.
While in overcoming the food distribution BPOM, Health Service, Industry Service, and LKY are
giving directive counseling, monitoring and inspection to society, producers and even
consumers.


Recently, manufacturers have some common issues such as highly developed manufacturing, complicated manufacturing, or manufacturing with few skilled people. They are trying to solve these issues by IoT technologies based on big-data which are corrected from the machines in the manufacturing site. OMRON Corporation Inspection Systems Business Division has been providing the auto web inspection systems which have Multi-wave sensing technology to find defect by utilized several light sources which have different wave length. In this report, we have developed brand-new service named "MONOSASHi" service, based on IoT technology. The service can visualize various manufacturing condition to improve productivity using our auto web inspection systems.


Financial barriers to emergency obstetric care are one of the causes of a high maternal mortality ratio in low-income countries, particularly in Mauritania. Risk sharing through the introduction of obstetric risk insurance provides all women with care throughout their pregnancies for a flat-rate ticket of 22 US$, i.e. between two and ten times less than in other public sector maternity wards. Pregnancy-related complications and surgical procedures are included in the package. Besides facilitating access, this strategy aims to improve the quality of emergency obstetric care and ensure better working conditions for health staff. After five years of implementation in the capital and over two years in three rural regions, the scheme has had a highly positive impact: the population's massive adherence in all four areas has led to a growing number of services delivered and a consequent twofold increase in assisted deliveries in rural areas. Less than 0.1% of services go unpaid and the scheme is completely autonomous following an injection of initial investment. It is managed by a committee made up of users, health staff members and locally 1 National Reproductive Health Programme, Nouakchott, Mauritania. 2 French Development Agency. Email : firstname.lastname@example.com, (correspondence should be addressed to this author). 3 Obstetrician-gynaecologist, head of Sebkha Maternity, Nouakchott, Mauritania. 4 Obstetrician-gynaecologist, head of maternity at Kiffa Hospital, Mauritania. 5 Obstetrician-gynaecologist, head of maternity at Néma Hospital, Mauritania. 6 Obstetrician-gynaecologist, head of maternity at Aïoun Hospital, Mauritania. 7 Obstetrician-gynaecologist, France. 8 UNFPA, Dakar, Senegal.


Foreword Graham Thornicroft Part I. Basic Issues: 1. What we want from adult psychiatrists and their colleagues: 'telling it like it is' Sandra Bilsborrow 2. Parenthood and mental illness Mary V. Seeman and Michael Gopfert 3. Parental psychiatric disorder and the developing child Alyson Hall 4. Parental psychiatric disorder and the attachment relationship Jonathan Hill 5. The construction of parenting and its context Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Julia Nelki Part II. Comprehensive Assessment and Treatment: 6. 'The same as they treat everybody else' Vicki Cowling 7. Assessment Michael Gopfert, Jeni Webster and Julia Nelki 8. Clinical assessment and treatment of parenting problems in mothers with major psychiatric disorders Theresa Jacobsen 9. Perinatal mental illness: clinical and service issues Gertrude Seneviratne and Sue Conroy 10. Assessment and treatment issues when parents have personality disorders Eia Asen and Heiner Schuff Part III. Specific Disorders: the Impact on Parent-Child Relationships: 11. Schizophrenia and motherhood Mary V. Seeman 12. When a parent suffers from an affective disorder: effect on the child Christine Puckering 13. Alcohol and drug problems in parents: an overview of the impact on children and implications for practice Richard Velleman 14. When mothers use drugs Sydney L. Hans 15. Personality disorders in parents: developmental perspectives, formulation and intervention Gwen Adshead, Adrian Falkov and Michael Gopfert Part IV. Specific Treatments and Service Needs: 16. Psychopharmacology and motherhood Mary V. Seeman and Neil Seeman 17. Social work issues David Clodman 18. Legal issues Colby C. Brunt 19. Legal frameworks and issues - some international comparisons Amy Weir Part V. Child-Sensitive Therapeutic Interventions: 20. The child grown up Denise Roberts 21. Talking with children and their understanding of mental illness Alan Cooklin 22. Family therapy when a parent suffers from a psychiatric disorder Alan Cooklin and Gorell Barnes Part VI. Models for Collaborative Services and Staff Training: 23. Keeping the family in mind: setting a local agenda for change Clare Mahoney 24. Are our services for families with a mentally ill parent adequate? Duncan McLean, Jennifer Hearle and John McGrath 25. Models of service provision in three countries Vicky Cowling et al. 26. Overcoming obstacles to interagency support: learning from Europe Karen Blaistow and Rachael Hetherington 27. Training Adrian Falkov Afterword John Cox Index.


By interfering two small diameter Gaussian laser beams, scanning beam interference lithography (SBIL) is capable of patterning linear gratings and grids in resist while controlling their spatial phase distortions to the nanometer level. Our tool has a patterning area that is up to 300 mm in diameter. The motive for developing SBIL is to provide the semiconductor industry with a set of absolute metrology standards, but the technology is easily adaptable to other important applications such as the making of high precision optical encoders. In this article, we describe a system for carrying out automated beam alignment for SBIL. Our design goals require tight alignment tolerances, where beam position and angle alignment errors must be controlled to ∼10 μm and ∼10 μrad, respectively. We describe our system setup, and discuss the so-called iterative beam alignment principle, focusing specifically on deriving a mathematical formalism that can guide the development of similar systems in the future. Repeatability experiments demonstrate that our system fulfills the alignment requirements for nanometer-level SBIL writing.


In this paper, a survey was conducted on the impacts of characters and social-economic environments of Beijing university students on their awareness and concerns in crisis management. On the basis of quantitative analysis of statistical data, the relationship between five aspects of people's character (including living attitude, attitude to changes, basic inclination, self-orientation and ambitiousness) and the awareness and concerns towards crisis events was revealed. The conclusions will be helpful for further study and development in the area of crisis management.


Large protein language models are adept at capturing the underlying evolutionary information in primary structures, offering significant practical value for protein engineering. Compared to natural language models, protein amino acid sequences have a smaller data volume and a limited combinatorial space. Choosing an appropriate vocabulary size to optimize the pre-trained model is a pivotal issue. Moreover, despite the wealth of benchmarks and studies in the natural language community, there remains a lack of a comprehensive benchmark for systematically evaluating protein language model quality. Given these challenges, PETA trained language models with 14 different vocabulary sizes under three tokenization methods. It conducted thousands of tests on 33 diverse downstream datasets to assess the models' transfer learning capabilities, incorporating two classification heads and three random seeds to mitigate potential biases. Extensive experiments indicate that vocabulary sizes between 50 and 200 optimize the model, whereas sizes exceeding 800 detrimentally affect the model's representational performance. Our code, model weights and datasets are available at https://github.com/ginnm/ProteinPretraining.


The porous ferric GMA-DVB polymer was synthesized from glycidlymethacrylate (GMA) and divinyl benzene (DVB) by suspension polymerization with lauryl alcohol and cyclohexanol as pore-forming reagents in the presence of FeCl 3 and FeCl 2 . The structure and the magnetism of the GMA-DVB polymer beads were featured with magnetic scales, X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Aspergillus Oryzae B-galactosidase was bounded on the magnetic polymer under the best terms, and the maximum activity was determined to be 271.25U/g dry carries. Meanwhile, the fundamental properties about the bounded enzyme, such as the influence of temperature and pH, were assayed and the satisfactory results were got.


Catatonia is a psychopathological syndrome displayed as a motor disorder. Catatonia is a sign of many menthal disorders, particularly schizophrenia and depression, with a wide disrtibution in the human population. The GC ("genetic" and "catatonia") rat strain was obtained from the Wistar rat strain by a long selection (78 generations) for the catatonic type of reaction and is a model of schizophrenic and depressive disorders in humans. It is known that selection for behavior including catatonic reactions results in neuroendocrine, reproductive and morphological changes in animals. However, the influence of selection for a catatonic reaction on the spermatogenic function of testes had not been studied. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative investigation of sperm quality in rats of the GC and the Wistar strain. The epididymal sperm parameters (sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology) were measured, and body, testes and epididymal weight were determined at puberty (50 day of life) and at adulthood (90 day of life). The litter size of the GC and Wistar rats was determined. It was found that adult GC rats had a lower sperm count, sperm motility, testis weight, epydidymal weight and litter size compared to adult Wistar rats. However, at puberty, GC rats had a higher sperm count than the Wistar strain. Interstrain differences in sperm morphology were not found. It has been assumed that the changes of spermatogenic parameters in response to selection for catatonia are caused by changing the ontogenic pattern of testosterone secretion. In conclusion, the hereditary predisposition to catatonic reaction is associated with impaired sperm parameters in adult rats that reduces their chance to reproduction. The GC rat strain can be a perspective model for investigation of the relationship between the hereditary predisposition to catatonia and spermatogenesis


The invention concerns a method (100) for calibrating a magnetic field sensor (302) in a movable device, comprising: detecting (102) of measured values of the magnetic field sensor (302); Determining (104) a yaw rate of said movable device; Determining (106) an orientation angle of the movable device on the basis of the yaw rate; Estimating (108) at least one correction factor for the magnetic field sensor (302) detected measured values on the basis of the magnetic field sensor (302) acquired measurement values and an estimated vector which describes an external to the movable device magnetic field, wherein the estimating vector of the external magnetic field by rotation of a previous estimated estimation vector of the external magnetic field is determined with an angle of rotation; and calibrating (110) the magnetic field sensor (302) on the basis of the estimated at least one correction factor.


Introduction. The paper is concerned almost entirely with directed sets, and for those the structure introduced in Part I [3] reduces to the usual (Tukey [7]) ordering by "power for convergence." Three problems are central: completeness (least upper bounds), standard sets (basically Tukey's Av, the set of all subsets of power < Xx of a set of power X"), spectra (the spectrum of D is the set of all standard sets g D). On completeness, we answer Tukey's questions: does every set of directed sets have a least upper bound, or every finite set a greatest lower bound? The answers are negative. A countable set of directed sets has either 1 or 2 minimal upper bounds, and every upper bound exceeds a minimal one. For {A} to have a least upper bound that is not the least upper bound of a finite subset, one must have Z), }z w0 for some i; conversely, if some D, }z w0, the least upper bound exists (see 2.2, 2.3, 2.4). There are partial results about least upper bounds of uncountable families, with uncountable standard sets replacing w0 above; but the necessary conditions and the sufficient conditions are far apart (2.2, 2.12, 4.15). For standard sets, we usually (and throughout this paragraph) assume the generalized continuum hypothesis (H). J. Schmidt has characterized [6] (using (H)) many of Tukey's A^, including all those for which Xx and X" are regular. We give a dual (*) of Schmidt's characterization, which holds for the same Av and others, including all for which X" is regular. However, some Av are equivalent to others. The size of this difficulty matters, because we take steps to reduce it. Ax" is equivalent to A^+i at least if XA is singular and n is a limit of < Xx smaller ordinals. Now the dual characterization (*) determines a directed set A£ almost always; precisely, when X <n or X = ß with Nx regular. Up to an equivalence, A£ is the set of all sets of power < XA of ordinal numbers bounded below ü>"; and the characteristic property is that this is (**) a least directed set of power X", the powers of whose bounded subsets are precisely the cardinal numbers < Xx. (**) is not really (*), but it is similar, and does characterize a class of directed sets all of which are equivalent to Ax*. (See §4.)


These first kinds of writing rehearsal, commentary, and associative anecdote are all reflective. The writing serves to sort out thoughts, associations, and responses, and organize them for the reader. But there are other kinds of writing, much more enactive, writing which follows closely the contours of the mind, echoing the processes of understanding at the point of encounter with a text. An example is the thinking aloud that Meriel, who is 17, shows us here. She is faced with a Blake poem, "The Garden of Love," which she has never seen before, invited to read it, and whenever she stopped or paused in her reading, to write down precisely what was in her mind at that moment. She numbers what she writes each time she stops. She wrote eight comments: I quote ortly the first five:


Background: Children are prone to tuberculosis transmission. The highest level transmission and risk factor of tuberculosis is in children between 0-6 years old. TB in children may lead to the growth disorder. The increase of pulmonary TB cases are initiated by the risk factors such poor environment and malnutrition in children. The environmental factors may involve household density, flooring, ventilation, lighting, and humidity. Meanwhile, nutritional status is a significant factor for the occurrence of TB. Research objective: Finding out description of nutritional status and physical environment of the house among tuberculosis patients in pediatric clinic of Kendal Islamic Hospital. Research method: It was a descriptive research with cross sectional survey approach. The sample taken for this research was 37 respondents which was gained using total sampling technique. The univariate analysis was used as the method in analyzing the data. Research result: The children's nutritional status was good in 25 respondents (67.5%) and poor in 12 respondents (32.5%). Most of the physical environment of the house met the requirement of health such wall (83.8%), flooring (83.8%), ventilation (86.5%), lighting (70.3%), and housohold density (89.3%). Meanwhile the other components didn't meet the health requirement were humidiy (62.2%) and temperature (64.9%). Conclusion: the physical environment of the house which met the health requirements were wall, flooring, ventilation, lighting, and household density, meanwhile the humidity and temperature didn't meet the health requirement. Suggestion: It is expected for the family to provide the balanced nutrition for the children and pay more attention to the house's humidity and room's temperature

Keyword : Nutritional Status, Physical Environtment of the House, Pulmonary TB in Children.
Literature : 1985– 2017


Abstract : Axisymmetric rotational motion of an electroconductive fluid between dielectric disks of finite radius acted on by crossed electric and axial magnetic fields in the presence of boundary layers is examined.


The "transverse" interference of guided modes in a planar waveguide is considered for the first time on the basis of a model of interference of cylindrical waves. It is shown that the calculated and experimental results agree satisfactorily.


TIM of audio power amplifier is always described by time domain in the past, but it is difficult when the related tache of amplifier in the time domain is designed to remove TIM.TIM mechanism by frequency domain describing is design applied rule of audio power amplifier, thus eliminating transient intermodulation distortion.


A flow system coupled to a tungsten coil atomizer in an atomic absorption spectrometer (TCA-AAS) was developed for As(III) determination in waters, by extraction with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDTC) as complexing agent, and by sorption of the As(III)-DDTC complex in a micro-column filled with 5 mg C18 reversed phase (10 µL dry sorbent), followed by elution with ethanol. A complete pre-concentration/elution cycle took 208 s, with 30 s sample load time (1.7 mL) and 4 s elution time (71 µL). The interface and software for the synchronous control of two peristaltic pumps (RUN/ STOP), an autosampler arm, seven solenoid valves, one injection valve, the electrothermal atomizer and the spectrometer Read function were constructed. The system was characterized and validated by analytical recovery studies performed both in synthetic solutions and in natural waters. Using a 30 s pre-concentration period, the working curve was linear between 0.25 and 6.0 µg L-1 (r = 0.9976), the retention efficiency was 94±1% (6.0 µg L-1), and the pre-concentration coefficient was 28.9. The characteristic mass was 58 pg, the mean repeatability (expressed as the variation coefficient) was 3.4% (n=5), the detection limit was 0.058 µg L-1 (4.1 pg in 71 µL of eluate injected into the coil), and the mean analytical recovery in natural waters was 92.6 ± 9.5 % (n=15). The procedure is simple, economic, less prone to sample loss and contamination and the useful lifetime of the micro-column was between 200-300 pre-concentration cycles.


Background: Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD) is a wide spread disorders including occupational or environmental exposure, therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of DPLD in Northern KSA. Methodology: In this study clinical, imaging and laboratory parameters were obtained from 60 patients diagnosed with DPLD in the Pulmonary Medicine Department at King Khalid Hospital. Results: Of the 60 patients, DPLD was Identified in 17/60 (28.3%) patients of whom 16/17 (94%) were idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with and 1/17 (6%) with extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA). Conclusion: DPLP is prevalent in Northern KSA. Further investigation in regard to etiology are urgently required.


American playwright Eugene O'Neill is a case in point in the field of literature. As he was keen on oriental thinking, especially on the Chinese Taoism, his works are most characteristic of an oriental thinking, especially on the Chinese Taoism, his works are most characteristic of an oriental color. This paper makes an analysis of the relationship between O'Neill's interest in eastern religions and philosophy and his plays, and of the causes which resulted from his world outlook.It points out the social and cultural sources and the realization in communication tendencies of eastern and western cultural exchanges.


multiline by default plots yvars against xvar as a series of line plots in separate panels. A common application is to multiple time series, especially those measured in different units and/or on very different scales.


A direct trajectory optimization method that uses neural network approximation methods is presented. Neural networks are trained to approximate objective functions and vehicle dynamics. The neural network method reduces computational requirements by removing the need for collocation and providing fast computation of gradients. The method has been shown to significantly reduce computational costs while resulting in trajectories comparable to direct collocation and pseudospectral methods. Since the neural networks readily provide accurate computation of gradients, it removes the need for formulating analytical gradients, so the method is more easily extended to different types of applications with different objective functions and constraints. In previous work, the method was applied towards trajectory optimization of single or multiple UAVs with fixed, downward facing cameras in order to maximize surveillance of a ground target. In this paper the method is extended to optimize trajectories for a UAV equipped with a gimbaled camera, and more complex constraints on the vehicle trajectory are investigated.


A 20‐year follow‐up of a child psychiatric clientele of 322 patients demonstrates that nearly one third have been admitted to psychiatric departments or mental hospitals in adulthood. One tenth belonged to the group with psychoses either as a child or grown‐up.


Many conventional fault diagnosis techniques do not effectively and efficiently use the available information and cannot achieve a satisfactory diagnosis in high dimensional real-world problems. In this paper, the fault diagnosis method using hierarchical clustering (HC) and small world (SW) networks stratification has been proposed to utilize the available information and trace up/downward based on event hierarchy and up/downstream along the physical network. As such, one can determine if certain diagnosis is applicable globally or more depends on the nature of events or locations; consequently the diagnostic uncertainty can be reduced. Duke energy distribution outage data are used to generate examples for the purpose of illustrating the motivation, necessity, implementation planning, and potential benefits of HC-SW stratification for power distribution system outage cause identification


This contribution presents research on joinery techniques used in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century altarpiece in Portugal, commissioned by Portuguese bishops, kings and nobles. A large group of panels was investigted by careful examination "in situ" (in cathedrals, churches, museums and conservation laboratories) and by studying X-radiographs and conservation treatment reports. Wood identification was carried out with optical microscopy and the metal alloys used in the construction were identified by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis.
A comparison between altarpieces made in, or imported into, Portugal with those made in other European countries revealed rare as well as common joinery techniques, permitting the identification of possible origins and influences. This investigation demonstrated that there were more techniques being used in workshops in Portugal in the sixteenth century than had been identified in previous studies. In addition to a carpenter, a smith was also involved in the altarpiece construction. In Portugal, aside from cylindrical dowels or splines (small rectangular pieces of wood) locked by transverse dowels, other joinery system employed: inserted dovetails; hotizontal crossbeams attached to the boards by transverse cylindrical wooden dowels or carbon-iron nails; unlocked splines; cylindrical dowels alternating with unlocked splines (mixed system); cylindrical dowels alternating with dovetails (another mixed method); splines set into the panel and secured with 10 cylindrical dowels; and conical dowels (found on an altarpiece in Portugal in cedar, a wood mentioned in only a few Portuguese publications in the literature). The last five types seem to be peculiar to altarpiece from workshops active in Portugal.


The present study reports the chemical composition on the essential oil obtained from fresh roots, stems, inflorescences and fruits of Chaerophyllum temulum. In all samples, except the roots, the most dominant components were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. (Z)-Falcarinol was the principal constituent of the root essential oils (61.7% at the flowering stage and 62.3% at the fruiting stage). The blossom oil was dominated by (Z,E)-α-farnesene (23.4%), (E)-β-farnesene (9.0%) and germacrene D-4-ol (9%), whereas the oil from the fruit had germacrene D-4-ol (27.6%) as its main compound, accompanied by (Z,E)-α-farnesene (13.4%). Germacrene D was the most abundant component of the stem essential oil (38.4% at the flowering stage and 32.5% at the fruiting stage). The obtained results show that the qualitative composition of the oil depends on the part of the plant which is analyzed, while the quantitative composition of the main components depends on the growing stage of the plant.


UNDERSTANDING BIAS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 82 MINORITY OBJECTIONS TO TESTS AND TESTING 83 ORIGINS OF THE TEST BIAS CONTROVERSY 84 EFFECTS AND IMPLICATIONS OF THE TEST BIAS CONTROVERSY 86 POSSIBLE SOURCES OF BIAS 86 WHAT TEST BIAS IS AND IS NOT 87 RELATED QUESTIONS 89 EXPLAINING GROUP DIFFERENCES 90 CULTURAL TEST BIAS AS AN EXPLANATION 91 HARRINGTON'S CONCLUSIONS 92 MEAN DIFFERENCES AS TEST BIAS 93 RESULTS OF BIAS RESEARCH 95 EXAMINER–EXAMINEE RELATIONSHIP 104 HELMS AND CULTURAL EQUIVALENCE 105 TRANSLATION AND CULTURAL TESTING 105 NATURE AND NURTURE 106 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 107 REFERENCES 108


The effect of pre-split type artificial discontinuities on frequencies and peak particle velocities (PPV) of blast-induced ground vibrations was investigated. An artificial discontinuity (pre-split plane) was formed in between the blasting area and a recording station. The pre-split plane was generated by blasting a relatively small amount of explosives charged to holes at 1 meter intervals. Blastinduced ground vibrations were recorded in front of and behind the pre-split plane. In total, 126 ground vibrations were recorded. The experiments were carried out in Seyitomer Lignite Enterprise, Turkey. As a result of the assessment of the data, It was found that pre-split plane led to a sharp decrease in both PPV and frequency values. While the decrease in PPV has a positive influence on damage criteria, the decrease in frequency has a negative influence. This study focuses on an evaluation of frequency values which have been rather disregarded.


A new method is presented in this paper to decide whether a point is in a polygon.The method combines vector and ray-crossing.And the method solves the abnormity which ray-crossing takes on.Experimental results show that the method is robust and efficient in computation.


Purpose: Searching for effective doses and wavelengths, this study evaluated the effects of LED (light emitting diode) and LASER on induced abdominal pain in male mice. Methods: Forty-nine male mice were divided into 7 groups: G1 – control untreated; G2 – infrared laser 37.5 J/cm2; G3 – infrared laser 75 J/cm2; G4 – infrared LED 37.5 J/cm2; G5 – infrared LED 75 J/cm2; G6 – red LED 37.5 J/cm2; G7 – red LED 75 J/cm2. Intraperitoneal injection of 0.15 mL of 1 % acetic acid solution was used to induce pain and abdominal writhings. Immediately after the injection, except for G1 group, the animals were treated with Laser (808 nm, continuous mode, irradiation time of 20 seconds, fluency of 37.5 and 75 J/cm2, average power of 70 mW and 150 mW respectively, according to the groups) and LED (850 ± 5 nm or 630 ± 5 nm, continuous mode, irradiation time of 20 seconds, fluency of 37.5 and 75 J/cm2, average power of 70 mW and 150 mW respectively, according to the groups). Right after the irradiation, the number of writhings was counted for 1 hour. The study was approved by Animal Ethics Committee of Federal University of Sao Carlos (# 004/2011). Results: The total number of contractions for each group was: 99 ± 57 for G1; 34 ± 19 for G2 (p<0.05), 65 ± 61 for G3, 35 ± 22 for G4 (p<0.05), 57 ± 50 for G5, 39 ± 26 for G6 e 36 ± 19 for G7. There was a significant writhings reduction in G2 (66%, p=0.04) and G4 (64%, p=0.03). Conclusions: These results suggest that infrared light, laser or LED, under low doses and low irradiance seems the best option to alleviate acute pain.


Medicinal flora plays an important function in the treatment of many ailments and in the path of the developing globe since they include various bioactive thoughts that have the potential to generate beneficial and/or negative effects. Coleus amboinicusbelongs to Lamiaceae-family which is a semi-succulent perennial plant. The major use of the plant is for Anti-bacterial activity and where it is also used for Analgesic activity and Anti-inflammatory and Anthelmenthitis etc.The aim of this study is to carry out the formulation and evaluation of Coleus amboinicus gel for Anti-inflammatory activity. The dried coarse leaves of Coleus amboinicus were extracted with Ethanol and Distilled water for phytoconstituents and screened for the presence of Alkaloids, Saponins,Terpenoids, Flavonoids and Tannins. Ethanolic extract was taken for the further process of gel formulation since it contains abundant phytoconstituents. Along with specified quantity of Ethanolic extract of Coleus amboinicus, Carbopol 940 and HPMC were added in different ratio to formulate the gel. Allthe prepared Coleus amboinicus gel is evaluated for the physical examinations likes Homogeneity, Consistency and greasiness, grittiness and nature of gel and its characteristics like pH, Viscosity, Spreadability, drug content, extrudability and Invitro Study of Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Among the formulations, the F5 Formulation containing 2.5g of Ethanolic extract of Coleus amboinicus and 0.5g of Carbopol 940 was found to be more promising as it shows betterphysicochemical characteristics and higher Anti-inflammatory activity.


BACKGROUND
Lifestyle habits can impact breast cancer (BC) development, but its impact on BC prognosis remains unclear. We investigated associations of post-diagnosis lifestyle with mortality and recurrence in 1,964 women with invasive BC enrolled in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Pathways Study shortly after diagnosis with lifestyle information at baseline (2005-2013) and the 2-year follow-up.

METHODS
We calculated a post-diagnosis lifestyle score (range: 0-18) based on 9 diet, physical activity (PA), and body weight recommendations from the American Cancer Society/American Society of Clinical Oncology (ACS/ASCO) using follow-up data (body weight also included baseline data); higher scores indicate greater guideline concordance. Similarly, we calculated a pre-diagnosis lifestyle score using baseline data to investigate pre- to post-diagnosis changes. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs using Cox proportional hazard models, with follow-up through December 2018 (observing 290 deaths and 176 recurrences).

RESULTS
The 2-year post-diagnosis lifestyle score was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (ACM) (HR per 2-point increase=0.90, 95%CI: 0.82, 0.98), and BC-mortality (HR=0.79, 95%CI: 0.67, 0.95), but not recurrence. Relative to women who maintained low concordance with recommendations at both time points, women who maintained high concordance had a lower risk of ACM (HR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.37, 1.03). Improved concordance with some specific recommendations (particularly PA) may be associated with a lower hazard of ACM (HRPA=0.52, 95%CI: 0.35, 0.78).

CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest that women with BC may benefit from a post-diagnosis lifestyle aligned with ACS/ASCO guidelines.

IMPACT
This information may potentially guide lifestyle recommendations for BC survivors to reduce mortality risk.


In this paper, Mininet Wi-Fi was used to simulate a Software Defined Network to demonstrate Mininet Wi-Fi's s ability to simulate their post and wireless dimension by assigning site to other site or access points and revoking these wireless associations which can also be integrated into the existing network. Need of networks continuously growing with more clients, more base points, and more network traffic. The security of these networks and network topologies becomes the most crucial part. The discovered mechanism will work in the network for security purposes. Mininetwi-fi will run the topology and parallellyWireshark that start capturing the network packet and protocol-like information. The extracted information will load in the CIC flow meter to make that readable. Further by processing that data using AIML algorithms data will be shuffled to avoid overfitting&underfitting then will be classified and labeled as normal data and attacked data. These results benefit modern and current networkline-up as the live network devices can also interact with the testing space for the data center, cloud, and mobile providers. The proposed framework can correctly enhance the overall performance of the synchrophasor based adaptive dependability/ security bias scheme in the course of DoS assaults and keep away from maloperation of the security devices, which enhances the strength system's balance.


Analytical and experimental results are used to investigate thermal behavior depending on the emitter-finger area and substrate thickness in multifinger heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's). The temperature distributions along the depth direction of the substrate are obtained from a three-dimensional (3-D) analysis. The calculated results show a 3-D effect which depends upon the emitter finger area. This effect weakens with increasing the emitter-finger area. As the effect weakens, thinning the substrate effectively reduces the junction temperature (thermal resistance). This is verified by the measured results obtained from a simple thermal-resistance measurement.


We compute the cohomology rings of smooth real toric varieties and of real toric spaces, which are quotients of real moment-angle complexes by freely acting subgroups of the ambient 2-torus. The differential graded algebra (dga) we present is in fact an equivariant dga model, valid for arbitrary coefficients. We deduce from our description that smooth toric varieties are $\hbox{M}$-varieties.


The origins of social trust have been much discussed in recent years. This attention is understandable, as social trust is perceived to be a mechanism for overcoming the pri mary social problem highlighted by rational choice theory: how actors without mutual trust logically would choose a suboptimal solution (the prisoner's dilemma problem). Social trust is thus believed to be very important in solving collective problems, "mak ing democracy work," and generating economic growth.1 In brief, everyone agrees that social trust is nice to have. However, its origins, creation, and in some countries erosion are up for discussion. Table 1 shows the empirical results of the World Values Surveys (WVS) conducted in the beginning (1990-1993) and the end (1999-2001) of the 1990s. As argued by Inglehart, economic development and religion have a huge impact. Therefore, this study is limited to the rich capitalist countries that share Christianity as a common cultural background.2 Furthermore, the countries will be categorized accord ing to Esping-Andersen's renowned distinction among liberal (Anglo-Saxon), conserva tive (continental European), and social democratic (Scandinavian) welfare regimes.3 The standard question for social trust (also labeled interpersonal or horizontal trust) has been used: "Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you can't be too careful in dealing with people?." Table 1 reveals two major puzzles. The first is the striking level of horizontal trust in the social democratic regimes. In 1990 the share responding that "most people can be trusted" averaged 61 percent in these countries. In the nine conservative regimes, the average was 31 percent, whereas the average was 48 percent in the four liberal regimes. The distinctiveness of the social democratic regimes is even more remarkable in the lat est wave, where the average was 63 percent in the social democratic regimes as com pared to 29 percent in the conservative regimes and 38 percent in the liberal regimes. Regime patterns are not clearly present. At first sight, the distinction between conserva tive and liberal regimes does not appear to be of much relevance. However, one can not deny that the countries that Esping-Andersen grouped as social democratic welfare regimes distinguish themselves. The second, rather striking finding is that the dramatic erosion of social trust appears only in the countries Esping-Andersen labeled liberal welfare state regimes. The


Three new alkaloids, 2′-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-11-hydroxyvincoside lactam (1), 22-O-demethyl-22-O-β-D-glucopyranosylisocorynoxeine (2), and (4S)-corynoxeine N-oxide (3) were isolated from the leaves of Uncaria rhynchophylla, together with four known tetracyclic oxindole or indole alkaloids, isocorynoxeine N-oxide (4), rhynchophylline N-oxide (5), isorhynchophylline N-oxide (6), and dihydrocorynantheine (7), and an indole alkaloid glycoside, strictosidine (8). The structures of 1–3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, ESI-TOF-MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR, as well as CD experiments. The activity assay showed that 8 (IC50=8.3 μM) exhibited potent inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced nitrogen monoxide (NO) release in N9 microglia cells. However, only weak inhibitory activities were observed for 1–7 (IC50>100 μM for 1–6 or >30 μM for 7).


Combining ability effects of 10 female and 10 male inbred lines were evaluated for agronomic, grain, and forage residue traits in 100 grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] F, hybrids for 2 years. Traits studied were height, flowering, tillering, seed weight, yield, protein percentage, protein yield of grain, leaves, and stems; and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) percentage and digestible dry matter (DDM) yield of leaves and stems. General combining ability (GCA) effects exceeded specific combining ability (SCA) effects for all traits except height in females and grain and leaf yields in males. Both GCA and SCA were low for tillering and stem protein percentage. Genetic ratios, resembling heritability, were higher for GCA than SCA except for height in females and tillering in males. Grain yield generally had no extremely strong negative phenotypic correlations with any forage residue trait although grain yield correlated with stem protein and stem IVDMD percentages produced negative values that would warrant monitoring in a breeding program. Grain yield, stem and leaf yields, and stem and leaf DDM yields all had moderate to strong positive relationships with each other. A few potentially useful parents were identified having high GCA effects for forage quality characters. Data on protein and IVDMD percentages of leaf and stem fractions from grain sorghum breeding nurseries and hybrid yield trials should be routinely collected. Additional index words: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Yield, Protein, IVDMD, Livestock, Forage quality. GRAIN sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is planted in the United States primarily for grain production, and hybrids normally are chosen for agronomic performance, pest resistance, or grain quality. Although substantial amounts of sorghum plant residues are utilized by livestock after the grain is harvested, little attention has been given to the crop's forage attributes by either the farmer or the plant breeder. Combine-harvested grain sorghum fields traditionally have been pastured, but there is a trend toward removal of all residues from the field for use in beef or sheep wintering rations. High feed costs have encouraged increased use of sorghum residues, and improved mechanical technology has permitted baling, stacking, and ensiling of these materials as wit~ conventional hay and forage crops. Obviously, not all reSidues from the grain sorghum crop are utilized because not all sorghum growers are livestock producers, and economics preclude hauling large amounts of bulky material great distances. Also, stubble often is purposely left in the field for moisture conservation and erosion control. Nonetheless, improvement in the feeding quality of that portion which is used as forage should directly benefit the livestock producer and, indirectly, the consumer. Certain line cultivars, like 'Midland', were noted for their post-harvest pasture value; such types often had a juicy stalk and high stem sugar content (Swanson, 1951). However, 1 Contribution from USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agric. Exp. Stn. Published as Paper No. 6837, Journal Series, Nebraska Agric. Exp. Stn. Received 1 Apr. 1982. 2 Geneticists, USDA-ARS; George Holmes professor, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583; former graduate student, now Dessert Seed Co., P.O. Box 181, EI Centro, CA 92244; former graduate student, now Western Agric. Res. Stn., P.O. Box 169, Kakamega, Kenya; and former graduate student, now deceased. 97 studies that compare forage quality and forage yield of more than one grain sorghum hybrid in the same experiment are limited. In those few experiments, variability existed for leaf and stalk crude protein content, in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), and residue yield (Martin and Wedin, 1974; Ross et aI., 1980; Rutto, 1978; Smith, 1977). The results suggest that improvement of forage traits in hybrid grain sorghum might be possible through plant breeding with short-term gains accomplished by crossing appropriate inbred lines and long-term gains through recurrent selection. Numerous combining ability studies have been conducted with grain sorghum hybrids, beginning with Kambal and Webster (1965). Others are cited by Ritter (1978), and without exception, these reports dealt only with agronomic and grain traits. Only recently has the study of combining ability for forage traits been undertaken (Ross et aI., 1980; Rutto, 1978). In these instances, general combining ability (GCA) was relatively high compared to specific combining ability (SCA) for leaf and stem protein, IVDMD, and forage yield in single-year tests, but correlations of forage traits with agronomic and grain traits were inconsistent. Our investigations supplement those of Rutto (1978) who studied GCA and SCA effects, genetic ratios, and correlations of forage, agronomic, and grain traits in a large number of F 1 hybrids. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental materials were 100 grain sorghum F 1 hybrids made by crossing 10 females with 10 males using a modified diallel described by Griffing (1956) based on the Method II mating system of Comstock and Robinson (1950). Both parental groups included standard and experimental inbred lines and represented a range of germplasm adapted to eastern Nebraska (Table 1). The experiment was planted 26 May 1977 and 3 June 1978 Table 1. Parental lines used in combining ability study of grain sorghum hybrids.


C≤0.03%, Si: 0.01~0.5%, Mn: 0.01~1.0%, P≤0.03%, S≤0.01%, Cr: more than 20% to less than 30%, Ni: 40% or less than 50%, Cu: 2.0 % exceeds 5.0%, Mo: 4.0~10%, Al: 0.005~0.5%, W: 0.1~10%, and N: 0.10% and containing less than 0.35% and, if necessary, Ca≤0.01%, Mg≤ It contains at least one of 0.01%, and satisfies the following equation [0.5Cu + Mo≥6.5], and the balance of Fe and has a chemical composition consisting of impurities, the Vickers hardness is 350 or more Ni-based alloy at the surface of 500 ℃ material, the temperature is 100~500 ℃, erosion, corrosion and hydrochloric acid in the harsh environment in which the sulfate corrosion, abrasion resistance is excellent, and in addition, Hastelloy C22 and the lower Mo content is equivalent to the number of Ni-based alloys such as Hastelloy C276 It has superior corrosion resistance.


Object:To study the effects of the four esters in liquor disposed by ultra-high pressure jet.Methods:Using the ultra-high pressure jet equipment to dispose new liquor when pressures are from 0.1 MPa to 350 MPa,then detect the four esters'content by gas chromatography,test again after three months,and invite professional wine tasters to taste and identify.Results:The content of ethyl caproate,ethyl butyrate and ethyl acetate in Luzhou-flavor liquor has decreased,the content of ethyl lactate has increased.The content of ethyl acetate and ethyl butyrate in Maotai-flavor liquor has decreased while ethyl lactate and ethyl caproate has increased.Experts judged that after treatment by ultra-high pressure jet,the liquor taste better,and good to impurity.Conclusion:Changes of esters in liquor after treatment by ultra-high pressure jet was nearly the same with natural aging tendency.


The Belgian general practitioner starts playing a more important role in the treatment of patients addicted to illegal drugs. Experience hereby shows that the use of methadone by general practitioners can be useful. The author argues the application of minimal criteria. He also points to certain risks in the use of methadone. The patient must be maximally oriented to psychosocial guidance. Politicians have to bear in mind the social causes of drug addiction, a problem that cannot be solved by the mere use of methadone.


The present invention provides compounds and methods for producing the same of the formula (I), and uses thereof. The compounds are useful for treating diseases characterized in the hyperactivity of MEK. Thus the compounds are cancer, useful in the treatment of cognitive disorders and CNS disorders, and inflammatory / autoimmune diseases.


Based on 2 methods of calculating total local water resources, this paper discussed repetition and non-repetition between surface water and groundwater, gave 3 methods of calculating total water resources in various physiognomy.