A chaos cipher system that focuses on the stream cipher system has a demerit that the longer the text is, the slower the speed of the encryption and description and the transmission and reception. On this study, we designed the cipher web mail system showing much better capabilities than the existing web mail system as the text is longer. In the embodiment of the cipher web mail system, we developed the key stream, the encryption and description of the text and the inside and outside mail viewer and so on. After the efficiency test, it was valued high in the respect of the speed of the encryption and description and the transmission and reception. And it made up for the defect of the stream cipher system. We expect that we can use it through the persistent applied study in the server system security, the file security, the security of the internet information, the protection of the e-commerce system information and other fields based on the cipher technique as the wide use cipher system that can replace the block cipher system.


SPH is a powerful mesh free method that is now able to solve very complex multi-physics flow and deformation problems in a broad number of fields. This paper concentrates on the use of SPH to simulate a broad range of complex industrial fluid flow problems. These include free surface fluid flow for the generation of digital content, geophysical flows such as volcanic lava flows and tsunamis, several types of die casting (gravity, high pressure and ingot casting), resin transfer moulding and flow in porous media, mixing of particulates in liquid, pyrometallurgy and slurry flow in semi-autogenous grinding mills. The strengths and weaknesses of SPH will be explored and future opportunities for using the method to make major modelling advances are discussed.


The multi-particle states and rotational properties of the two-particle bands in are investigated by the cranked shell model with pairing correlations treated by the particle number conserving method. The rotational bands on top of the two-particle and states and the pairing reduction are studied theoretically in for the first time. The experimental excitation energies and moments of inertia of the multi-particle states are reproduced well by the calculations. Better agreement with the data is achieved by including the high-order deformation , which leads to enlarged and deformed shell gaps. An increase of in these two-particle bands compared with the ground state band is attributed to the pairing reduction due to the Pauli blocking effect.


The type of periodic distribution of density characteristic of naturally occurring paramyosin fibrils (native paramyosin) obtained from molluscan adductor muscles has been described by Hall, Jakus and Schmitt.' Small angle x-ray diffraction work, using adductor muscles of the clam, Venus mercenaria, showed that the native paramyosin fibril has small angle order in only one plane. The periodicity in the dry state is described by a non-primitive cell with elements ao = 261 A., bo = 720 A. (fiber axis), included angle 90°35' and with five equivalent positions per cell. In the wet state, the structure is similar, but with cell elements ao = 310 A., bo = 725 A. and included angle 94°. the net


The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of treadmill handgrip sensors that provide real-time estimates of heart rate. Twenty-five individuals participated in 3-minute periods of standing, 2.0 mph walking, 3.5 mph walking, 4.5 mph jogging, and 6.0 mph running. Heart rate was simultaneously measured and recorded at 60-second intervals using the handgrip sensors and an electrocardiograph (EKG) which served as the criterion method. The heart rates obtained from the handgrip sensors were highly correlated with those from the EKG ( r ≥ 0.97) and the typical error was below 4 bpm for all measurements. Bland-Altman plots also revealed consistency between the handgrip sensors and EKG as the bias for heart rate ranged from -0.84 to 0.66 bpm and the 95% limits of agreement ranged from -7.15 to 6.87 bpm. However, the handgrip sensors exhibited a reduced ability to detect a heart rate during the 4.5 and 6.0 mph conditions as only 84% and 65.6% of heart rates were detected during these conditions, respectively. In conclusion, the handgrip sensors appear to be a valid device for monitoring heart rate while standing and during treadmill exercise involving walking and jogging in a healthy, young adult sample, although it may not be able to consistently detect a heart rate when body motion is excessive.


Turbomolecular pumps with ultrahigh vacuum performances are a desired technology among modern vacuum systems, which requires the pump to synchronously possess the wide pumping speed and high vacuum. This paper describes a systematic design methodology for a magnetically levitated turbomolecular pump with consideration of multiphysics constraints, such as the mechanical strength, rotor dynamics, electromagnetic losses, and thermal characteristic. These variables will directly decide the acquisition of high vacuum performances. The design process for such high-performance pumps requires multidisciplinary and highly iterative due to the complex interaction of the many design variables involved. The structure of the bladed rotor is determined in terms of the material selection and mechanical verification. In this paper, an effective modeling method is presented to achieve accurate bending modes of the bladed rotor. An assessment on the loss level and the thermal limit is performed to ensure the temperature rise of the pump within the acceptable range. The measured results show that the pump can achieve the high vacuum performance with the pumping speed of 4370 l/s and the lowest working pressure of 10–8 magnitude. The proposed design process described in this paper provides the general guidelines for the multidisciplinary design of high-performance turbomolecular pumps.


This article covers the history of the introduction of fodder plants and crop varieties into the Turkestan region during the Russian Empire and Soviet rule through sources and literature. The selection and experimental work on new varieties of corn, alfalfa and other fodder crops, which entered the country in the early twentieth century, are also studied in detail in this article.


To relieve the fresh water shortage, bi‐layer systems have been widely applied to give high efficiencies of solar steam generation. In current work, a bi‐layer system (C‐wood) is obtained with the low‐cost carbon particles as the light absorbing layer and the boxwood as the supporting layer. The application of wood could lead to both good water transportation and good local heat management in the system, and carbon particles could supply a high light absorptivity at a broad optical absorption wave bands (mostly larger than 98%), which results from the complex three‐dimensional porous structure formed by the wide‐size‐distribution carbon particles. Because simultaneously possessing a high light absorptivity, good water transportation, and good local heat management, the C‐wood system gives a 65% evaporation efficiency under an illumination power of 1 sun. This system is also durable for a future industry applications. Comparing the energy loss of the C‐wood system in the evaporation process with the ones of other systems prepared in this work, we conclude that a low top‐surface reflection of light of the C‐wood system should be responsible for the high evaporation efficiency. It demonstrates that the carbon particle is a promising material for an application in solar steam generation systems for easily accessible resources, low cost, and effective light absorptivity.


This article represents structure and quality indicators of consumers information providing in a distributed data processing at the level of air space objects detection in joint networks of airspace observing systems


Abstract Corrosion of steel in concrete can be assessed using a number of techniques. In the present work, impedance spectra were obtained by transforming time domain coulostatic transient data int...


Managers of organizations establish control systems to reduce the agency costs inherent in those organizations. Control systems include both internal and external control mechanisms, some of which may be viewed as substitutes for each other. We develop a model of the demand for external auditor industry expertise and then examine whether managers substitute such expertise for certain closely related internal control mechanisms in their overall control systems. Using a sample of municipalities, we find evidence that managers who do not hire internal auditors or who hire accounting personnel with low levels of accounting expertise tend to hire external auditors with higher levels of industry expertise. We interpret this to be a conscious trade‐off on the part of the managers, which appears to be linked to the costs of hiring the internal mechanisms in question.


Reports correlation between weather conditions and erosion observed in this arctic coastal area in 1961. The summer's unusually high temperatures and precipitation, also strong and frequent west winds caused greater-than-normal flooding and collapse of river banks.


A recent article by Petzet giving detailed accounts of two spectacular blowouts in the northern portion of San Joaquin Basin and an article by Simonson suggested several observations in the Sacramento Basin that might relate to the search for deep basin hydrocarbons and their source and migration behavior.


The photoelectron spectrum of the title compound 2 is discussed and compared with the results of MO-calculations for the parent unsubstituted hydrocarbon 1. The ground-state of 2+ is 2E″ which is Jahn-Teller (JT) active. Assuming the e′ C=C-stretch to be responsible for breaking its degeneracy, satisfactory agreement between experimental and theoretical band shape is obtained. The latter is calculated from the diabatic two-state approximation using MINDO/3-SCF results for the JT-stabilization energies. Comparison with Rydberg studies on 1, performed by other authors, yields further evidence for the A2″ – (not E′ –) symmetry of the Rydberg states. The next two observed higher lying states of 2+ are 2E′ and 2A2″, the former also being JT-active. Theoretical calculations of the corresponding band shape point toward the e′-ring stretching mode causing instability, an outcome reminiscent of the 2E′-groundstate of cyclopropane-ion. The energetic difference between the latter state and the 2E′-state of 2+ is discussed using a simple MO-model with methylidene and ethylidene carbene as interacting units. The results suggest that the unsaturated carbene is strongly stabilized by hyperconjugation. The chemistry of the two carbenes is compared on this basis.


The single crystal ion-selective electrode,membrane electrode has showed a linear potential response to the activities of iodide ion (10-110-7M). The membrane electrode was compared with AgI/PVC-THF membrane and copper metal plate membrane electrodes. In order to measure the selectivity coefficient of the electrodes toward and , the separation and mixed solution method were employed. The potential-time curve was obtained by the usual immersion technique and pH effect was also examined. The orders of selectivity for , and stability of response time are membrane > AgI/PVC-THF membrane > copper metal plate membrane. These electrodes could be used as indicating electrodes in the potentiometric titration of a single halide and mixed halides with the standard solution of silver nitrate.


With the advancement of network technology, real-time communication has become an integral part of daily life. However, packet loss presents a significant challenge to the quality of real-time communication. The Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) codec includes an inherent Linear Prediction (LP)-based packet loss concealment system to mitigate the effects of packet loss, but this system exhibits noticeable limitations concerning voice quality and resilience during severe packet loss scenarios. In this paper, we propose an enhancement to the EVS's PLC performance using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based deep learning model. This model employs a generator with an asymmetric causal convolutional network and a multi-resolution discriminator for lost speech reconstruction. Experimental results show that the proposed system outperforms the inherent PLC system of the EVS codec in terms of Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ), Short Time Object Intelligibility (STOI) and PLCMOS. Additionally, subjective listening tests following the MUSHRA standard further confirmed the improvement in speech quality.


Abstract In this work, we analyze Merriman, Bence and Osher's thresholding scheme, a time discretization for mean curvature flow. We restrict to the two-phase setting and mean convex initial conditions. In the sense of the minimizing movements interpretation of Esedoğlu and Otto, we show the time-integrated energy of the approximation to converge to the time-integrated energy of the limit. As a corollary, the conditional convergence results of Otto and one of the authors become unconditional in the two-phase mean convex case. Our results are general enough to handle the extension of the scheme to anisotropic flows for which a non-negative kernel can be chosen.


From August 1971 to July 1978, 110 patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo visited the Neuro-otological Clinic of Kitasato University Hospital. The incidence and prevalence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in Sagamihara city, the population of which is about 400,000 were estimated by the extended medical care fasility of Kitasato University Hospital. The mean incidence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo for one year in Sagamihara city was 1.7 per 100,000 population and the prevalence for seven years was 10.2 per 100,000 population. A predominance in female and rising ratio of cases with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo to cases of Meniere's disease were observed.


To overcome the local convergence and the additional reset of gradient algorithms based polarization controller,a genetic algorithm based polarization control algorithm was proposed.The algorithm was applied in a 4-plate retardation control type polarization controller with waveplates oriented alternatively at 0° and 45°,and the light intensity changes of output polarization state and waveplates phase shifts controlling the algorithm were investigated.The simulation results show that the polarization controller based on the algorithm can convert the random input polarization state into a fixed linear output polarization state,and that the intensity fluctuation of the output polarization state is less than 2%.The algorithm can allow the phase shift of the plates to vary with a small step within a given limited range,and can avoid the additional fluctuation of polarization state caused by the voltage surge applied to waveplates.


SIR, Several references in the literature claim variable success in the treatment of papules ot tuberous sclerosis of the face by excision and cautery. Simple shaving of the lesions under local anaesthesia as an out-patient gave successful results. A 26-year-old Caucasian woman presented with increasing growth of papular lesions over the face, left groin and buttock. She was known to be epileptic for the last 10 years but had had no fits in the last 5 years. The facial lesions appeared when she was 12-years-old. They became the source of a whitish, evil smelling discharge, bleeding and facial disfigurement. Examination revealed the face to be covered with multiple small papules, which were rather densely accumulated and heaped up in the nasolabial folds. They appeared raised, whitish red in colour, each about 2-3 mm in diameter, and raised about 5 mm above the skin contour (Fig. I). In view of the very extensive distribution of the lesions, general anaesthesia was preferred. The worst parts were shaved down using a No. 10 B.P. blade. A dressing of oxycel gauze was left on until hacmostasis was achieved; this was allowed to fall off spontaneously. The histological examination of the excised tissue confirmed the clinical diagnosis. The patient has been followed up for 4 years without signs of recurrence (Fig. 2). During the fifth year small, similar lesions appeared, most prominently in the nasolabial folds. They have been shaved down again, this time under local anaesthesia as an out-patient.


When designing devices for monitoring and accounting of electric energy for railway traction networks of direct current, one of the main tasks is to create a source for their power supply. The paper considers the problems that arise when using power sources from the network of own needs of a traction substation, reviews the main technical solutions of sources powered from the traction network, and also offers an original solution that has a high efficiency compared to its prototype


Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and the treatments are frequently cardiotoxic. Whether BC is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events is a matter of debate. We evaluated the associations among BC and incident cardiovascular events in a contemporary population.


The proportion of tort caused by medical accidents has gradually increased in courts these years. In the meanwhile, Chinese legislation on medical treatment and medical institutions is becoming increasingly perfect and has formed an integrated legal system of medical treatment in view of several established laws and regulations. As a result, these laws could effectively supervise medical institutions, deal with any tort caused by medical accidents, and protecting the right of life and healthy of everyone to the maxism.


Information freshness, characterized by Age of Information (AoI), is important for sensor applications involving timely status updates. In many cases, the wireless signals from one sensor can be received by multiple access points (APs). This article investigates the average AoI for cooperative APs (Co-APs), in which they can share information through a wired backbone network. We first study a basic backbone-assisted Co-AP system where APs share only decoded packets. Experimental results on software-defined radios (SDRs) indicate that Co-AP significantly improves the average AoI performance over a single-AP system. Next, we investigate an improved Co-AP system, called Soft-Co-AP. In addition to sharing decoded packets, Soft-Co-AP shares and collects soft information of packets that the APs fail to decode for further joint decoding. A critical issue in Soft-Co-AP is determining the number of quantization bits that represent the soft information (each soft bit) shared over the backbone. While more quantization bits per soft bit improves the joint decoding performance, it leads to higher backbone delay. We experimentally study the average AoI of Soft-Co-AP by evaluating the tradeoff between the backbone delay and the number of quantization bits. SDR experiments show that when the number of sensors is large, Soft-Co-AP further reduces the average AoI by 12% compared with Co-AP. Interestingly, good average AoI performance is usually achieved when the number of quantization bits per soft bit is neither too large nor too small.


The paper designs a hacker hunting system which main functions,system architecture,main modules and key technololgy points are discussed.The paper solves some existing problems in hacker actack case such as difficultities of investigating,obtaining evidence and tracking down the hacker etc.


In the practice of logistics management, multi-warehouse site selection is a very common problem, this article will explore how to use multiple-center of gravity model approaches for a number of warehouse site location. The key is based on starting and ending point method to form several division community of the existing community networks , the number of division community is equal to the number of warehouses to be built. Subsequently, to identify the precise center of gravity for each community, and then by a single center of gravity storage location method to solve the focus of the communities to which they are located at the focus of the overall community transportation costs, and finally to summary the total costs of community. After a grouping portfolio analysis for a new grouping portfolio analysis ,to identify each new community center of gravity location of new grouping portfolio, to calculate total transportation costs under the new grouping portfolio , and to make comparison of each total transportation costs, to see whether or not better, if it is better ,to continue the process until no longer better. This completed a site-specific coordinates location calculation of the warehouses to built. The solving process can be solved by Excel spreadsheet formula, which is simple and practical.


To solve the problem of throughput decrease caused by spectrum interference in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), this paper proposes a network model based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for cooperative spectrum sensing. The model takes advantage of WSN's features of distributed computing and system synthesis to determine the channel combination with less spectrum interference, hence improves the system throughput. Furthermore, key technologies have been designed for practical applications, including the nodes communication procedure between the access point (AP) of WLAN and the sensor nodes of WSN, the algorithms of selecting channels with less spectrum interference and the strategy of adapting the network on the best channel combination. Test results of verification platform based on a typical high-density indoor coverage scenario show that: 1) The sensing ability of the proposed network model is better than that of single AP sensing; 2) Compared with traditional WLAN without sensing ability or WLAN based on AP sensing, the throughput of the proposed network model can be raised by 66% or 38%.


Summary A 5 km x 5 km geostatic property model of effective porosity and permeability was constructed for a shallow primary and deeper secondary injection interval at approximately 290 m and 480 m depths, respectively. The model is populated with effective porosity and permeability using existing wireline data from 75 wells with a Gaussian Random Function Simulation algorithm. The effective porosities of the primary and secondary injection intervals range from 0-27% and 0-18%, respectively. The primary seal interval consists of silty-sands, shales, and impermeable coal layers. The secondary seal interval consists of calcareous mudstones with bentonite layers and high illite content. The 5 km x 5 km property model was updated using two 3-D seismic reflection volumes and existing sonic log data. A time-depth relationship was configured by completing 8 well-ties. Velocity modeling was completed for depth domain conversion. Both injection intervals appear to be promising injection sites for CO2 and have since been assessed for risk. The 1 km x 1 km GFRS area will be tested further using Eclipse in Petrel™ 2014.1 for computerized fluid injection simulation to study the behaviour of the CO2 in the subsurface.


Rotoscoping is explored as a computer animation technique. The optical videodisc serves as the image storage and input source. Image processing and tablet painting routines are applied to digitized frames. "Color Recognition", the exploitation of digital color information, enables the tracking of objects, from frame to frame, based on their color. This system allows for semi-automatic, selective processing of images. Thesis Supervisor: Nicholas Negroponte Title: Associate Professor of Computer Graphics *Sponsored in part by the Office of Navel Research, Contract No. N00014-75-C-0460 , and through a grant from the IBM Corporation.


Petri nets (PNs) are well utilized as a visual and mathematical formalism to model discrete-event systems. This paper uses deterministic and stochastic PNs to design an emergency traffic-light control system for intersections providing emergency response to deal with accidents. According to blocked crossing sections, as depicted by dynamic PN models, the corresponding emergency traffic-light strategies are designed to ensure the safety of an intersection. The cooperation among traffic lights/facilities at those affected intersections and roads is illustrated. For the upstream neighboring intersections, a traffic-signal-based emergency control policy is designed to help prevent accident-induced large-scale congestion. Deadlock recovery, livelock prevention, and conflict resolution strategies are developed. We adopt a reachability analysis method to verify the constructed model. To our knowledge, this is the first paper that employs PNs to model and design a real-time traffic emergency system for intersections facing accidents. It can be used to improve the state of the art in real-time traffic accident management and traffic safety at intersections.


Original Research Article Background: Cirrhosis is defined as diffuse disruption of the normal architecture of the liver with fibrosis and nodule formation. There are significant secondary effect of cirrhosis on cardiac, pulmonary and renal systems. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy includes combination of reduced cardiac contractility with systolic and diastolic dysfunction and electrophysiological abnormalities. Objectives: To analyze the cardiac abnormalities in cirrhotic patients. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at Department of General Medicine, MIMS, Mandya. ECG and 2D ECHO reports of patients admitted with cirrhosis of liver were obtained from case sheets, data entered into Excel sheet and analysed. Results: Out of the hundred patients included in study, 43 Patients had diastolic dysfunction, 19 patients had systolic dysfunction on echocardiography. 26 patients had dilated cardiomyopathy, 4 patients had mitral regurgitation, 5 patients had atrial fibrillation, 3 patients had RV dysfunction with pulmonary hypertension, ECG in 40 patients showed QTc prolongation. Conclusion: In our study Diastolic dysfunction was the most common cardiac abnormality found on echocardiography. Apart from conventional complications of cirrhosis, cardiac abnormalities are frequently present in patients with cirrhosis of liver. Which will adversely affect morbidity and mortality in these patients.


The peculiarity of solid bodies of organic origin, in contrast to solid bodies of mineral origin, is that their internal structure is characterized by the presence of two spaces - cellular and intercellular. Such bodies tend to swell upon contact with the extractant. The phenomenon of swelling, during extraction, is always accompanied by the dissolution of target substances contained in the cellular and intercellular space. All these processes create conditions for the diffusion of the dissolved target substance through the cell membrane into the intercellular space, and then through the intercellular space beyond the boundaries of the solid phase particle. This helps to increase the volumes of the cellular and intercellular environment. The absolute value of the volumes of cellular and intercellular spaces is one of the most important values when developing and calculating extraction processes and forecasting environmentally safe technologies for obtaining biologically active compounds. The work presents a method of experimentally calculating the volumes of intercellular and cellular spaces of medicinal plant raw materials of various morphological organs. The established absolute values of the volumes of the cellular and intercellular spaces make it possible to calculate the order of diffusion coefficients of biologically active compounds in the medium of the intercellular space, as well as in the cell membrane. In the future, the determined values of the volumes provide grounds for predicting the regime, kinetics and dynamics of extraction of target substances during the implementation of an environmentally safe technology for obtaining biologically active compounds in production, as well as to support the monitoring of production processes of extraction in digital mode.


Field tests with yellow sticky traps baited with 10% concentrations (wt/wt) of selected eugenol-related substances disclosed that two compounds, isoeugenol and 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, were comparable in attractancy with eugenol to Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence. Because the primary structural differences between the three lures lies only in the arrangement and degree of saturation of their hydrocarbon side chains, these characteristics did not seem to be factors in the degree of their attractancy to D. barberi . Similar compounds in which the methoxy and hydroxyl groups on the ring elements were replaced or rearranged, however, were not attractive to the insect.


Dyeing is an important type of processing in the textile industry. Manufactures seeks to use this since is a good fit for two of their main demands: aesthetics and sustainability. This work aims to present a comparison of the dyeing process in textile samples, using SimaPro® software for evaluation of the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). For the development of this work, a comparison was made between the two dyeing processes, synthetic and natural in 500g of samples of 100% cotton fabric benefited, through the analysis method ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint (I) V1.04. Water, chemicals, and energy involved in the process were considered as input parameters. Natural dyeing according to the life cycle analysis (LCA) showed a considerable reduction of environmental impacts. It is well know that synthetic dyeing causes greater damage in the environment and to the human health.Keywords: Dyeing, Reactive synthetic dye, Natural dye, Life Cycle Ana


The invention comprising: a housing; In order to separate the majority of the particulate matter from the particulate heavy water and the light water reactor to discharge the fine particles, the passive splitter in the housing for receiving a pressurized source of particulate heavy water; The particle exit means at least partially disposed within the housing for receiving the separated particles from the fine particles and heavy water treatment; By passing the hard water through porous particulate filter medium of each of the modules under gravity to filter out fine particles and contaminants that remain from the particulate water reactor, comprising: at least one filtration module in the housing for respectively receiving the fine particles hard water at the same time; And receiving the filtered water from from the filtration module, and relates to a constant unit of the filtered water to provide a fluid sink the outer housing includes at least one exhaust conduit coupled to the outlet in the wall of the housing.


A communication method comprises the steps of a first communication step (S901) of communicating with a server (101) through internet; an acquiring step (S902) of acquiring instruction for making electric equipment perform preset control from the server (101); a storage step (S903) for storing the instruction and corresponding information which corresponds with the instruction; a displaying step (S904) of displaying a plurality of pieces of corresponding information on a display part (319); a receiving step (S905) for receiving one piece of corresponding information in the plurality of pieces of corresponding information; a determining step (S906) for determining whether the corresponding information can be performed by the electric equipment according to preset control ordered by the corresponding instruction of the corresponding information; and a second communication step (S907) of transmitting the instruction to the electric equipment on condition that the control ordered by the instruction which corresponds with the received corresponding information can be performed by the electric equipment.


This paper shows how different cooperative models and qua- lity management systems can play different roles in the integration and consolidation of farming production chains to improve the standard of li- ving in rural parts of the world. The case developed by Madrid Polytechnic University's group for co-operation in organisation, quality and environ- ment for a cooperative of "second level" is an authentic practical example of coordination and collaboration between cooperatives in Nicaragua.


A surprising and ironic lack of shared cognition currently exists about team cognition, including how to define the construct, organize the research, and integrate across multiple disjointed constr...


Abstract This quantitative study, which involved development of a Value Creation Survey, examined the perceived value of leadership development programs (LDPs) provided by continuing higher education for administrators in colleges and universities. Participants were administrators at Association for Continuing Higher Education (ACHE) member institutions. Answers to eight research questions became the focus of this study. Three questions—one at each level (individual, institutional, higher education enterprise)—examined respondents' beliefs and perceptions about program value. Four questions focused on program aspects: success/helpfulness in developing leadership competencies, if they had priority status, competitive advantages gained through program attendance, and was there a sufficient number of LDPs. A final question was devoted to beliefs and perceptions of model effectiveness (noncredit, credit, and blended). The authors of this article sought understandings of how leadership, leadership development, intangibles, and value creation come together. Results are summarized and the article concludes with recommendations for future practice and future research.


This paper presents a new type of accelerometer, the Micro-Opto-Mechanical Accelerometer (MOMA). Micro-opto-mechanical pressure sensors and microphones demonstrated already the excellent sensitivity on a very large pressure range which is possible thanks to their photonic read-out (1Pa precision over kPa range). In this paper, we design in the same technology an optical accelerometer using analytical equations as well as Finite Element simulations. The model takes into account the mechanical deformation of the device, its effect on the elongation of the waveguide, and also includes the optical losses. Using the opto-mechanical model, an optimum design is obtained varying device dimensions and waveguide positions in order to increase the accelerometer sensitivity.


We report full hydrogenation of N-propylcarbazole in molten state over a supported ruthenium catalyst at 120–150 °C. A remarkably fast reaction rate was achieved with the apparent activation energy of 18.4 kJ mol−1. Two stereoisomers of the final product were identified and the less stable one was found to dominate the product distribution at lower temperatures and/or with shorter reaction times, which is highly beneficial for hydrogen release upon dehydrogenation with better purity and for enhancement of catalyst performance. The optimum conditions for catalytic hydrogenation of N-propylcarbazole were found to be at 120 °C for 60 minutes.


The statistical dynamical theory is reformulated as an extension of the previous theory [Kato (1976). Acta Cryst. A32, 453-457, 458-466] by taking a more general form of the correlation function of the lattice phase factor. A 'static' Debye-Waller factor E and short-range correlation length τ are introduced for characterizing crystalline media. The fundamental equations consist of a set of differential equations for the averaged (coherent) wave fields {(Do),(Dg)} and a set of differential equations for the incoherent part of the intensity fields {Iio, Iig}. They are connected through the transformation to the incoherent beams from the coherent waves. In non-absorbing crystals, energy conservation holds for the total intensities {Ico + Iio, Icg + Iig}, where Ico = |(Do)|2 and Icg = |(Dg)|2. The theory can be applied to the diffraction phenomena of the crystalline materials of any degree of perfection.


Wood offered helpful comments and advice on measures, analysis, and interpretation. State level public opinion polls used in this paper are from a data collection project directed by Thad Beyle, Richard Niemi, and Lee Sigelman, and funded by the NSF (Grant No. SES-9974176). The data were accessed from Thad Beyle's web site: www.unc.edu/~beyle. We are also grateful to Keith Poole for sharing NOMINATE scores; these data were accessed at


The LLC resonant converter offers improved efficiency and high power density in many applications. However, its conventional single-loop frequency control cannot provide high dynamic performance. The two-loop charge control can significantly improve the LLC converter response to line and load disturbances. Previous research was focused on the charge control for the half-bridge LLC converter. However, for several practical reasons, the charge control implementation in the half-bridge and full-bridge LLC converters is different. Key issues for the full-bridge converter control are sensing the signal related to the charge delivered by the resonant inductor current and stability. To analyze stability of the proposed charge control, large-signal and small-signal discrete-time models were developed and applied to a 400 V/12V, 1 kW LLC converter.


The dates of treatment osteoporosis with ibandronate in periand postmenopausal women was presented. The most of BMD in femur proximal part, decreasing boons pains in treating during 18 moons and negative correlation between beginning and increasing BMD was shown.


The extreme precipitation event that occurred in North China during
July 19–20, 2016, resulted in serious casualties and property
loss. The persistence of a strong cyclone originating in the Huang-Huai
region led to this event. The cyclone center predicted by almost all
operational numerical models tended to the south or east compared
to the analysis, and the predicted intensity was weaker beyond the
4-d lead-time. The combination of these two factors meant that the
medium-range forecasts for North China did not warn of heavy rain.
Ensemble sensitivity analysis (ESA) and comparisons between member
subgroups can be used to diagnose the potential sources and evolution
of forecast errors. Here, the analysis is based on the 51-member European
Centre for Medium-Range Forecast (ECMWF) Ensemble Prediction System
initialized 5 days prior to the cyclone′s maturity. The ESA
calculates the correlation coefficients between the principal components
of the leading empirical orthogonal functions on the ensemble sea
level pressure forecast of the cyclone and the upper circulation and
finds the high correlation (i.e. sensitive) areas. This method can
identify sensitive weather systems at earlier lead times and is capable
of investigating uncertainties in the cyclone intensity and its track
separately, allowing the potential error sources to be distinguished.
The results of the ESA indicate that the uncertainty in the cyclone
intensity forecast, which explains 54.4% of the variance, is related
to the strength of two sensitive systems: the short wave that separated
from the deep trough to the west of Xinjiang and the height field
over regions south of the Yangtze River. In particular, the uncertainty
in the east-west component of the cyclone position has a strong connection
to the phase of these sensitive systems. Two groups are selected for
further analysis: an accurate group composed of the eight members
that had the smallest errors associated with cyclone track, intensity,
and precipitation distribution; and a failed group consisting of the
eight members that predicted the southernmost and weakest cyclone.
The composite normalized differences between these two subgroups are
employed to investigate the dynamical processes associated with forecast
errors. Three significant difference areas (SDAs) associated with
the sensitive systems were identified, including the front and rear
positive SDAs of the potential vorticity disturbance (PVD) that split
from the deep cyclone over West Siberia, and the negative SDA to the
west of the PVD that originated from Western Inner Mongolia. These
SDAs can be traced back to the model initialization or early lead
times, which means that initializing and short-lead errors have important
influences on the model′s medium-range prediction. The original
SDAs display a maximum at the upper troposphere and present a positive-negative
interval array; these SDAs tend to propagate along the high PV gradient
and spread out to the lower troposphere. To diagnose the physical
mechanism by which these errors (i.e. difference areas) influenced
the cyclone development in the model, statistical PV inversion is
applied to derive the wind field associated with the PV difference
between the accurate and failed subgroups. The results of this analysis
show that the two positive SDAs accompanying the split PVD affect
the cyclone′s formation intensity, its track, and the strength
of the downstream ridge. The negative SDA, after arriving at the lower-middle
reaches of the Yangtze River, affects the strength of the southerly
warm, moist airflow during the cyclogenesis. Overall, the members
of the accurate group present more intensive upper PVD and carry the
warm, wet air further north, which is conducive to the rapid increase
in strength and the more northerly track of the cyclone. In addition,
the reasons for large forecast uncertainties are discussed. These
may relate to the quality of data assimilation in the warm conveyor
belt of the West Siberia deep cyclone, imperfect model parameterizations,
and the complex topography of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Finally,
the above analysis shows that the ESA and the subgroup difference
analysis can complement each other. The former can easily identify
the upstream sensitive weather systems that may accompany forecast
errors, while the latter can be applied to further diagnose the dynamic
processes and mechanisms at play.


A study examines how the issues aggravating tensions in North Korea-Japan relations in the 1990s and early 2000s, such as North Korea`s nuclear weapons program, North Korea`s long range missile threat, North Korean spy ships, and North Korea`s kidnapping of Japanese citizens, resulted in conflict between Japanese and Koreans in Japan. By analyzing the coverage of the issues by three major Japanese newspapers Yomiuri, Mainichi, and Asahi Daily News this study finds that Japanese attacks against Koreans in Japan were affected by the information that the Japanese public received about the issues from the media. The more critical the issue was to national security, and the less satisfactory were the responses of the government to the issue, the more likely were Japanese to attack Koreans in Japan to express their grievances against North Korea and the Japanese government`s reactions to the issues. The findings of this study suggest that we can fully explain ethnic conflict when we comprehensively examine the overall process of how the majority perceives the interactions between political actors involved in an incident and how they take advantage of existing ethnic tensions as a way of expressing their grievances against them, rather than attempting to explain ethnic conflict by deep –rooted attitudes about ethnic differences between the majority and the minority populations and the political or social discrimination that the minority has received in the host country.


Portfolio analysis has been subjected to considerable scrutiny in recent years. This paper describes an attempt to recast portfolio analysis in the light of past criticisms and the growing importance of expert systems to marketing decision making. It introduces a data driven approach to the analysis of competitive effects that has at its heart a portfolio-based model. Inputs to the 'stratlogic' model include data on the competitive structure of a product-market and measures of the marketing ambition and positioning of the players in it. The authors go on to outline the various steps that should be taken to develop an expert system based on the stratlogic approach. By deliberately exploiting management's creativity and insight, the authors argue that the expert system approach facilitates the strategic thinking that would be constrained where a predefined set of general propositions was imposed.


A state of energy use in households in Poland and related emission of greenhouse gases are presented in the paper. A potential substitution of energy carriers resulting in the GHG emission reduction is discussed.


no LH, the highest rate of total fertilization failure. Conclusions: Transcripts of inhibinlactivin subunits were detected in granulosa luteal cells. Inhibinlactivin subunits were not found in preimplantation embryos, but activin A mRNA was found at the blastocyst stage. Only activin A transcripts were detected in endometrial stromal cells treated with or without progesterone. Activin receptors (types I and II) were detected in all embryos and cells studied. This may suggest that activin, not inhibin, plays an important role in early embryo development. We postulate that embry~ndometrium interactions may occur via activin produced by endometrial stromal cells and preimplantation embryo receptors. presence of the THI cytokines IL-2 and interferon-y (IFN-y), and the TH2 cytokine IL-6.


Mammography and sonomammography are two widely used modalities for evaluation of breast masses. The relative risk of malignancy in breast masses and prognostication is assessed by using the BIRADS lexicon proposed by the American college of radiology (ACR). The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy of mammography and sonomammography in evaluation of women presenting with breast lump. Our study included 147 women presenting to our institute with complaints of breast lump. X-ray mammography and sonomammography evaluation of these patients yielded 155 masses. Histopathological confirmation of diagnosis by biopsy / excision of the mass was done. Mammography had a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 80 % and a PPV of 69%. Sonomammography evaluation had 95 % sensitivity, 79% specificity with PPV and NPV being 68% and 97 % respectively. In conclusion, the sensitivity of mammography is higher in symptomatic women than screening mammography. Sonomammography performed better than mammography in lesion characterization in symptomatic women. It helped in differentiation of solid from cystic lesions thus eliminating the necessity of follow up. Sonomammography is a useful adjunct to mammography in evaluation of dense breasts.


I compare the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) and affected sib pair (ASP) test under a general algebraic model describing a bi‐allelic disease locus. Assuming linkage to a bi‐allelic marker, I derive two binomial probabilities, one for parental allele 'transmission' (Pt ) which determines the magnitude of the TDT χ2 statistic (χ2tdt), and a second for identity‐by‐descent (ibd) marker allele 'sharing' (Ps) which determines the magnitude of the ASP test statistic (χ2asp). I also consider the ASP test applied to a completely polymorphic marker and demonstrate that the probability of ASP marker allele sharing (Ps) is identical to Ps observed for a bi‐allelic marker in equilibrium with the disease locus. I present a general framework for determining the power of the TDT and ASP test based on expressions for Pt, Ps and the proportion (H/F) of ascertained parents who are informative at the marker. Two previous analytic investigations of TDT power based on the work of Ott (1989), and Risch & Merikangas (1996) are shown to be special cases of this general framework. In addition, I show the relationship between the framework I present and a third analytic investigation of TDT power for multi‐allelic markers based on the work of Sham & Curtis (1995).


Numerical modeling for certain pulsed power applications requires repeated and accurate calculation of the time-dependent inductance for complex geometries. Several models are available for inductance calculations. For loosely-wound coils, in particular, these methods suffer either from the problem of low accuracy, or are computationally very expensive. We present an efficient and accurate method for calculating the inductance of arbitrarily-wound helical coils. This method evaluates the line integral of the magnetic vector potential along the current-carrying path and offers two advantages. Firstly, it reduces the computational time for complex geometries by as much as 1-2 orders of magnitude as compared to area-integral methods. Secondly, it can accurately handle turn-splitting as well as other design details that violate axisymmetry.


Weather, climate, and other Earth system models are growing in complexity as computing resources and technologies continue to evolve with time. Thus, models are and will remain a vital tool for scientific research. Exposure and education on the workings of such models can generate interest towards atmospheric science, and it can increase scientific literacy amongst the general public. Additionally, studies have suggested that early exposure to these models can affect the career trajectory of students. However, gaining exposure and experience remains difficult outside of internships, research settings, and other professional endeavors. Some of these barriers can include hardware and computing costs, curriculum structure, and access to instructors. As a means of addressing these barriers, the goal of this work is to utilize low-cost hardware and abstract away some of the complexities of running a numerical weather model without sacrificing fidelity. The approach is to create a graphical user interface (GUI) where users can quickly configure the model, run it, and analyze the output without knowledge of model configuration, system architecture, or navigation via a command line interface. The Pi-WRF application is packaged such that users can download and run the model within a matter of minutes. The application is designed to promote informal learning through hands-on experience. It is targeted towards lower secondary level students, but it can scale across grade levels, and it can be adapted for general audiences.


Changed threat landscape that includes advanced persistent threats and collusion threats, together with advances in understanding recent highly sophisticated attacks on critical infrastructure systems highlight the importance of cybersecurity in nuclear facilities. This paper first reviews the examples of possible attack scenarios shown in the IAEA Technical Guidance Reference Manual on Computer Security at Nuclear Facilities, commonly referenced as IAEA NSS 17. The sample generic attack scenarios that are not specific to nuclear facilities are supplemented in this paper by a more complex attack that corresponds more closely to the post-Stuxnet era. A conventional attack tree modelling methodology is used to represent the attack scenario on industrial control systems. The modelling focusses on the vulnerabilities caused by the human component of the complex systems.


PURPOSE
This report presents the results of distraction osteogenesis using an extra oral device in 28 patients with different grade of vertical mandibular ramus hypoplasia.

MATERIAL AND METHOD
28 patients (aged 2 to 15 years) with hemifacial microsomia underwent unilateral lengthening of the ascending ramus using unidirectional extraoral devices (Molina distractor). 3D-CT and cephalometric radiographs were analysed to determine the placement of the mandibular osteotomy and select the appropriate placement of the distraction device.

RESULT
On the basis of one-year follow-up we can conclude that excellent, stable and functional mandibular lengthening was achieved with external distraction osteogenesis with minimal complications in all our patients. Coordinated growth between maxillary and mandibular arches with stable occlusion is observed.

CONCLUSION
Mandibular distraction osteogenesis has proved to be an excellent technique for the treatment of mandibular deficiency. Careful and comprehensive planning of treatment, coupled with control of the distraction vector can bring about predictable results with minimal morbidity. Nevertheless. It is our conclusion that good and effective orthodontics within the period of consolidation is the key to achieve satisfactory stability results.


The CERN/RD50 collaboration is dedicated to the radiation hardening of semiconductor sensors for future super-collider needs. The findings of this collaboration are therefore especially relevant to the pixel devices for the LHC experiment upgrades. A considerable amount of results on the enhancement of the radiation tolerance of silicon sensors has been found within RD50. The research towards radiation hardening has highlighted, and increased the knowledge on properties of sensors that are relevant to other applications. For example radiation hardening relies on the speed of signal collection in irradiated devices. As a consequence, the methods envisaged for increasing this collection speed turn out to be promising for significantly improving the performance of time resolved, high spatial resolution systems. A new type of device processing strongly emerging for production of future pixel sensor systems is the HV-CMOS technology. The RD50 research methodology provides the tools for characterising the behaviour of the deep collecting electrode (deep n-well) for this type of device after irradiation and the optimal framework for comparing the performance of the new devices with the current state of the art.


The Problem Although the workforce has become increasingly diverse, there has not been a corresponding interrogation of the assumptions about the ways that demographics, particularly gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression, relate to Human Resource Development (HRD) imperatives. The Solution This article will provide justification for why feminist theory and queer theory should be drawn into conversation with each other as useful frameworks for HRD research and scholarship. These frameworks are concerned with "othering" practices and the marginalization that can occur in workplaces, and they can assist HRD scholars and practitioners to expand their knowledge about diversity and inform research and scholarship. The Stakeholders Stakeholders invested in this topic include HRD practitioners and scholars, marginalized people, and, more specifically, women and sexual minorities.


The aim is to evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of Venlafaxine in Wistar Albino Rats. Wistar Albino rats were used in the study. Total 18 rats were divided into three groups each of 6 rats. G-A (Control), G-BAspirin (300 mg/kg) and G-C (Venlafaxine (50 mg/kg). All the drugs given 30 min before induction of paw inflammation by Carrageenan. Data was expressed by MEAN±SD and percentage (%). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of data. Rats treated with standard and test drug showed significant difference compared to control group. Aspirin showed significant anti-inflammatory effect compared to Venlafaxine group. Similar results were observed in percentage of inflammation and reduction in percentage of inflammation. Venlafaxine produced anti-inflammatory action in paw model in rats. The anti-inflammatory effect of test drug is similar to Aspirin.


An X-ray constrained wavefunction (XCW) is a wavefunction constrained to reproduce the structure factors from X-ray charge density experiment [1]. XCW's have primarily been used to obtain accurate images of the electron density in molecular crystals [1]. In this talk the XCW method is extended to the calculation of linear and non-linear optical response properties for several molecular crystals [2]. The theory used for the calculation of bulk (crystalline) susceptibilities and refractive indices from molecular polarisabilities will be reviewed. Results for several systems will be presented and discussed. I will also outline a method for improved structure determination based on using aspherical atomic densities obtained from quantum mechanical calculations. The new method allows the determination of ADP's for hydrogen atoms from the X-ray data alone [3].. The possibility of using such aspherical densities in everyday structure refinement will be discussed. [1] (a) Jayatilaka, D.; Phys. Rev. Lett. 1998, 80, 798-801. (b) Jayatilaka, D. ; Grimwood, D. J. ; Acta Cryst. 2001, A57, 76-86. (c) ibid. , 87-100. (d) Grimwood, D. J. ; Bytheway I. ; Jayatilaka D ; J. Comp. Chem. 2002, 24, 470-483. (e) Jayatilaka D. ; Grimwood D. ; Acta. Cryst. 2004, 60, 111-119. [2] (a) Whitten, A. E..; Jayatilaka D. ; Spackman M. A. ; J. Chem. Phys. 2006, 125, 174505-13. (b) Jayatilaka D ; Turner M. J. ; Howard J. A. K. ; Spackman M. Chem. Phys. Lett. , (submitted). [3] D. Jayatilaka and B. Dittrich, Acta Cryst. 2008 A64, 383-393


In this paper, we developed low molecular weight gel system based on cholesterol derivative containing pyridine unit attached through β-alanine linkage, which can act as efficient gelator to form novel gel systems in organic or organic–water solvents. Spherical nanoscale anatase–TiO2 with porous structure was obtained through the in situ hydrolysis in the gel tissue upon the instant addition of water followed by calcination, which had photo catalytic activity toward naphthol blue black. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example that cholesterol-based gel tissue was employed as the template to construct TiO2 with photo-catalytic activity.


Abstract The Cauchy problem for the Ishimori equation is solved when initial spins are almost parallel by relating the Ishimori equation to the Davey–Stewartson II equation through a gauge transformation.


Aiming at the deficiency and limitation of general genetic algorithm (GA), a new GA is proposed to design the parameter optimization of PID controller. The coding method of real number in this paper can obtain a simplified algorithm and accuracy parameters, enhance convergency velocity, and overcome consuming a lot of time in selecting PID control parameters. The simulation results show that the optimal PID controller based on the new GA has a satisfying performance and is superior to the conventional PID controller.


We have characterized the structure of the predominant Cr(III) species present at the γ-Al2O3/water interface as a function of equilibration time and Cr(III) surface loading using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic measurements span two distinct time periods of Cr(III) uptake. During the initial period (<2 h), which is characterized by rapid uptake, Cr(III) monomers form inner-sphere complexes on the γ-Al2O3 surface by bonding to at least two surface functional groups. During the second period (ranging from 2 h to 1 week), significant quantities of Cr(III) continue to be removed from solution, but sorption proceeds at a greatly reduced rate. The XAFS spectra collected during the period of slow uptake show an increase in scattering contributions from neighboring Cr(III) atoms with increasing equilibration time. The inferred structural changes are consistent with a progression from hydroxo-bridged Cr(III) dimers to higher-order polymers. In combination with spectroscopic ...


These unsettling short stories, which include the prize-‐winning novella 'Quarry', expose an anatomy of worry in its many guises—unease, fear, dread, and terror.  Through a multitude of distinct voices, H.C. Gildfind's startling tales explore the absurd, macabre, surreal— and too-‐real—whilst wrestling with the irrevocable acts, immutable facts, and relentless uncertainties that lie at the dark heart of every life.


The utility model discloses a steam injection type solar energy and thermal power station complementary power generation system which comprises a first parabolic trough type solar energy heat collector, a solar energy steam generator, a flow divider, a second parabolic trough type solar energy heat collector, a solar energy superheater, a mixer, a solar energy preheater, a coal-fired boiler and a high-pressure cylinder, a medium-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine. Feedwater can indirectly absorb solar energy by heat conduction oil through the solar energy preheater, the solar energy steam generator and the solar energy superheater or directly enter the solar energy heat collector to absorb the solar energy so as to become superheated steam. The superheated steam is injected into the high-pressure cylinder or the medium-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, is mixed with the superheated steam generated by the coal-fired boiler at the position, is expanded to do work in the high-pressure cylinder or the medium-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine and is then output to a power generator for power generation. The steam injection type solar energy and thermal power station complementary power generation system realizes capacity expansion and consumption reduction of a thermal power station, solves the problem of instable and discontinuous solar energy and is beneficial for the large-scale popularization and application of the solar energy technology.


This work aims at controlling the electrical appliances through a personal computer (PC) or an android mobile. This system is integrated with the electrical loads and also connected to the PC or an android mobile where centralized control takes place. With this system, one can control the electrical appliances ON/OFF by just being seated at one place using a PC loaded with a graphical user interface (GUI)-based control panel or Real Term and also the loads can be controlled from an android mobile with the help of an android app. The user can switch ON/OFF any appliance by sending the commands to the PC or mobile handset; and as a result of which the PC or mobile handset will send the signal to the microcontroller-based relay board to do the desired task.


On the basis of analysis of interactive effect of light and heat resources in oasis agricultural district and adaptive way of maize, the adaptability difference of spring maize in oasis agricultural district was compared with that in nonoasis agricultural distriet. The result indicated that the spring maize in the oasis agricultural district adapted itself to the growing environment of oasis special interaction of light and heat, with which many aspects of nonoasis agricultural district could not be compared. The regional development of spring maize production should be made in order to improve the adaptability of spring maize in oasis agricultural district.


To meet the requirement of networked urban mass transit, the characteristics of urban mass transit emergency decision-making was analyzed, draw lessons from the thought of case-based reasoning technology, the method which combine CBR technology with expert knowledge was proposed. On the basis of which, the emergency decision-making support system was designed, analyzed the system structure and function module, discussed the key technologies involved in the system, focused on the representation of retrieval technology and case contingency plans and case. Provides support for the modernization of urban mass transit emergency platform.


The article is devoted to the methodological problems of studying the section "Applied Political Sci-ence" in the course of political science. Revealed its role in the educational process, the relationship with other sections of the discipline. The structure of applied political science, its subject, methods and specificity in relation to theoretical political science are shown. Analyzed the most important problems that need to be considered in the study of applied political science. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of political forecasting and its importance in the management of social and political events and processes. The essence and basic principles of political modeling, the typology of models: material, analog, computer, etc. are con-sidered. Methodological recommendations are given for considering the topics of the section in lectures and practical classes, their importance in the professional training of bachelors is shown.


Lactose intolerance is a common, gastrointestinal disorder. Its prevalence is highly variable depending on ethnicity. Hypolactasia or lactase deficiency may result in lactose mal-absorption, which combined with clinical symptoms, consists in the image of lactose intolerance. Management of lactose intolerance requires a total or partial exclusion of dairy products from diet. Plant milks may serve as boon since it contain no lactose. They are considered as suitable economical substitute for cow's milk and ideal nutritional supplement for lactose intolerant patients. On the other hand, yogurt is a fermented product that is also well tolerated by them. The present study aimed at finding and developing a local substitute for milk based product determining the physicochemical analysis and sensory evaluation (n=20) of Milk and "Dahi" (from oats, rice and almond) with a view of knowing the consumer acceptability of the product. Milk samples were prepared from different plant sources (oats, rice and almond) and then "Dahi" samples from these milk(s) were prepared using Lactobacillus sp. as culture starter (Vizylac Capsules) Milk and "Dahi" samples were also subjected to chemical parameters (pH, acidity, Calcium, Protein, Carbohydrate). The results from analyses were encouraging since the developed product contains no lactose. Milk and Curd prepared from almonds was liked most by the sensory panelists and contains appropriate amount of nutritive values.


Crab crossing scheme is essential collision scheme to achieve high luminosity for the future electron-ion collider (EIC). Since the ion beam is long when cooling is not present, the nonlinear dependence of the crabbing kick may present a challenge to the beam dynamics of the ion beam, hence a impact to the luminosity lifetime. In this paper, we present the initial result of the weak-strong and strong-strong beambeam tracking with the crab crossing scheme. The result provides beam dynamics guidance in choosing the proper frequency the crab cavity for the future EIC.


The author suggests the issue of retroactivity of law, in particularly in tax matters, which affects legal certainty, vital element in the decision making of investors and entrepreneurs to do business in Colombia, and the commitment of citizens to the state in payment of taxes. In this sense, the document is based on the provisions of the Constitution of Colombia, which prohibits an exhaustive manner the possibility of retroactivity of the law in tax matters. However, the Constitutional Court over the past year has interpreted this matter in a non-literal way, opening the door to standard retroactively in cases which law favors the taxpayer.


By analyzing the factors on adverse drug reaction(ADR) of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), to discuss how to strengthen the study on ADR of TCM.


Finite element analysis (FEA) has been proven as a useful design tool to model corrugated paperboard boxes, and is capable of accurately predicting load capacity. The in-plane deformation, however, is usually significantly underpredicted. To investigate this discrepancy, a panel compression test jig, that implemented simply supported boundary conditions, was built to test individual panels. The panels were then modelled using non-linear FEA with a linear material model. The results show that the in-plane deformation was still underpredicted, but a general improvement was seen. Three discrepancies were identified. The first was that the panels showed an initial region of low stiffness that was not present in the FEA results. This was attributed to imperfections in the panels and jig. Secondly, the experimental results reported a lower stiffness than the FEA. Applying an initial imperfection in the shape of the first buckling mode shape was found to reduce the FEA stiffness. Thirdly, the panels showed a decrease in stiffness near failure, which was not seen in the FEA. A bi-linear material model was investigated and holds the potential to improve the results. Box compression tests were performed on a Regular Slotted Container (RSC) with the same dimensions as the tested panel. The box displaced 13.1 mm compared to 3.5 mm for the panel. There was an initial region of low stiffness, which accounted for 7 mm of displacement compared to 0.5 mm for the panels. Thus, box complexities such as horizontal creases should be included in finite element (FE) models to accurately predict the in-plane deformation, while a bi-linear (or any other non-linear) material model may be useful for panel compression.


Address for Correspondence: Dr. Sunday Abba, College of Health Sciences, Anatomy department, Kogi State University Anyigba, Nigeria. E-Mail: email@example.com Renal transplantation is now an established operation for the treatment of selected cases of chronic renal failure. The procedure requires removal of the kidney from a donor and even the damaged kidney to be replaced. In either case, care must be taken to safe guard the renal vessels so as to avoid hemorrhage. Anatomic variations of the renal arteries are common in general population with different frequencies among several ethnic and racial groups. It is therefore imperative to understand renal vasculature and any form of variation that is associated with the renal blood supply within the context of any society. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of the presence of accessory renal vessels in the college of health sciences Mekelle University Ethiopia, using cadaveric specimens. Following the 12th edition Grant dissector (2005) guide for dissection we exposed the kidneys and their associated vessels were observed, counted and estimated in percentages. The result showed a 10.7% prevalence of both accessory renal artery and 7.1% accessory renal vein and none in females. We concluded that the prevalence of the accessory renal vessels among cadaveric specimen in the college of health science Mekelle University is less than the values reported by other studies.


Self‐monitoring of lung function, vital signs, and symptoms is crucial for lung transplant recipients (LTRs) to ensure early detection of complications and prompt intervention. This study sought to identify patterns and correlates of adherence to self‐monitoring among LTRs over the first 12 months post‐discharge from transplant. This study analyzed existing data from the usual care arm participants of a randomized clinical trial who tracked self‐monitoring activities using paper‐and‐pencil logs. Adherence was calculated as the percent of days LTRs recorded any self‐monitoring data per interval: hospital discharge‐2 months, 3‐6 months, and 7‐12 months. The sample (N=91) was mostly white (87.9%), male (61.5%), with a mean age of 57.2±13.8 years. Group‐based trajectory analyses revealed two groups: (i) moderately adherent with slow decline (n=29, 31.9%) and (ii) persistently nonadherent (n=62, 68.1%). Multivariate binary logistic regression revealed the following baseline factors increased the risk in the persistently nonadherent group: female (P=.035), higher anxiety (P=.008), and weaker sense of personal control over health (P=.005). Poorer physical health over 12 months were associated with increased risk in the persistently nonadherent group (P=.004). This study highlighted several modifiable factors for future interventions to target, including reducing post‐transplant anxiety, and strengthening sense of personal control over health in LTRs.


ABSTRACT We report on the 41,143-bp genome of brucellaphage F1, a podovirus that infects several Brucella species. The F1 genome is almost identical to the genome of brucellaphage Tb. However, some structural proteins of the phages exhibit extensive polymorphisms and might be responsible for their different host ranges.


Background: Benzodiazepines (BDZs) have been the treatment of choice for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS); however, they are associated with several side effects and also have abuse potential. In some studies, the use of baclofen has been effective in reducing symptoms of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of baclofen and benzodiazepine (lorazepam) in reducing symptoms of AWS. Materials and Methods: It was a single-center, randomized, open-label study. Patients with alcohol dependence syndrome were enrolled in the study and randomized into two groups using computer-generated random table number. Baclofen (experimental group, 10 mg three times a day) and BZDs (control group, lorazepam, 8–12 mg/day in divided doses) were orally administered for reducing symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. Both groups received Vitamin B1 (100 mg/day through intramuscular route) and psychotherapeutic interventions. The severity of alcohol dependence was assessed by using the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire, and alcohol withdrawal was assessed with the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol, revised (CIWA-Ar). Results: Sixty-six patients were randomized (baclofen n = 34, benzodiazepine (BZD) group n = 32). Two patients (one patient in each group) had complicated withdrawal symptoms and were dropped from the final analysis. There was a significant reduction in alcohol withdrawal symptoms in both groups. There were no significant differences in CIWA-Ar scores between the two groups. Both the drugs were well-tolerated. Conclusion: Baclofen and lorazepam are comparable in efficacy and tolerability in reducing symptoms of AWS.


In the chapters "The Kerenski Ballet School" and "Firebird" of Rosario Ferré's novel The House on the Lagoon, the allusions to the ballet Giselle and Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres's painting of La Grande Odalisque are closely connected to patriarchal ideology and performance of gender. The allusion to Giselle reveals the nocive effects of a gender script that reinforces the romantic feminine paradigms of submission and self-sacrifice. The allusion to La Grande Odalisque plays a fundamental role in the construction of the specular image, which makes visible the loss of autonomy, the psychic fragmentation, and the subaltern position that Tamara Kerenski takes in the social structure of the Kerenski Ballet School after marrying André Kerenski. In contrast to Giselle's tragic ending and the perpetual objectification to which the odalisque is subjected in Ingres's painting, Tamara Kerenski overcomes her subordinated position. Through that resolution, Ferre's narrative texts stress the possibility of contesting the traditional scripts and performances of female gender.


Citation: Gabriel P. Weisberg, book review of "The Scandinavian Pupils of the Atelier Bonnat, 1867–1894 by Siulolovao Challons-Lipton," Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide 1, no. 2 (Autumn 2002), http://www.19thc-artworldwide.org/autumn02/234-the-scandinavian-pupilsof-the-atelier-bonnat-1867-1894-by-siulolovao-challons-lipton. Published by: Association of Historians of Nineteenth-Century Art Notes: This PDF is provided for reference purposes only and may not contain all the functionality or features of the original, online publication.


Suppose we want to communicate information at the rate of 2 bits over every two time instants using precoding on an ISI channel. We do this by using the following modulation scheme (known as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK)): The two bits get mapped to a pair of voltages. This pair of voltages, in the constellation diagram in 2-D, correspond to points on a square centered around the origin with distance √ We would like to extend this constellation as in the Tomlinson-Harashima precoding scheme. (a) Draw the extended contellation diagram. Take care to label all relevant voltage levels. Solution: See plot below. Note that in the plot, the x and y coordinates have been normalized by E 2 (b) What is the maximum transmit energy needed to communicate using the TH precoding scheme on this extended constellation you have drawn? Solution: The maximum amount by which the interference needs to moved to transmit a given two bit sequence is across the diagonal of the square, which has length equal to 2 √ E. Thus the maximum transmit energy needed is (2 √ E) 2 = 4E.


In March 1955, the National Weather Analysis Center (NAWAC) increased the area of analysis and prognosis to include the entire Northern Hemisphere. As a result a multitude of upper-air reports must be recomputed as quickly and accurately as possible. The template reprinted here (fig. 1) was designed and adopted for use in NAWAC to expedite the checking of soundings by employing the hydrostatic relationship of layer thicknesses to mean virtual temperatures. Meteorologists at stations or centers receiving many upper-air soundings that require the recomputing of data may find this template useful. It may be reproduced directly from figure 1 as the original size to fit pseudoadiabatic chart (WB Form 770-10) has been preserved. Reference temperatures (O", -50°, "40" C.) and pressures (1050, 400, 500, and 175 mb.) have been marked to  facilitate the alignment of the template over the pseudo-adiabatic chart.  The scales marked off along horizontal lines give the thickness values (tens of ft.) for the layers that are identified by the numbers at the left ends of the lines (1-8 is 1000-850 mb; 8-7, 850-700 mb.; 7-5, 700-500 mb., etc.). The small positive temperature values (" C.) covering the ranges indicated by arrows between selected constant mixing ratio lines (dashed, gm./kg.) are corrections to be applied to the mean temperature of the layers to obtain the mean virtual temperature. I t may be noted that these corrections are approximately w/6. Thus, Tg= Tm+ (w/6), where T, is mean virtual temperature ("C.), T, is the mean temperature ("C.) of the layer, and w is the mixing ratio (gm./kg.). The  template  is used as follows: Superimpose the template on the pseudo-adiabatic chart ( W B Form 77010) on which the temperature and dewpoint soundings have been plotted. The intersection of the plotted temperature curve with a horizontal line on the template gives a close approximation to the mean temperature of the corresponding layer. Similarly the intersection of the plotted dewpoint curve with the horizontal line on the template gives the approximate mean mixing ratio of the layer. The temperature correction corresponding to the interval (dashed lines) in which this mean mixing ratio falls is read from the template and added to he mean temperature to obtain the mean virtual  temperature. The  latter value determines a point on the horizontal scale of the template from which the thickness value for the layer is read. The height of successive pressure surfaces is obtained in the usual way by accumulating the thickness values, starting with the height of the 1000-mb. surface. The 1,000-mb. height, of course, is readilyobtained by any 0 0 * I


The old adage "the world is getting smaller" has never been more applicable. Modern technological advances such as supersonic air transports, satellite communications, or the ever-widening array of electronic products have caused distances to shrink since the time of our forefathers. Modem commu nications enable international trade to flourish and the sinews of a more interdependent world to develop. As a result, major events in one nation seldom occur in isolation from other nations. Political, economic, and mili tary developments in one corner of the globe invariably exert an impact on other nations. This global interdependence is brought on by the progressive advance of modern technology, which has permitted the development of faster communications and closer international trade relationships as na tions pursue increased industrial development and economic progress. It is therefore not surprising that technology, economics, and national security have become increasingly intertwined in world affairs. Technology has emerged as the common denominator for nations seeking economic and military power, and the international transfer of technology has conse quently assumed unprecedented importance in the aspirations of industrial ized and developing countries alike. International technology flow since World War II has shifted the technological balance from one of unchal lenged American leadership to one of virtual parity and high competitive ness with other Western industrial nations. The development of competitive technologies in other nations has reshaped Americas foreign trade patterns and mutual security relationships with North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) allies. This book gives readers insight into the impact of technology on Amer ica's economic and security interests, and it underscores the importance of developing a balanced two-way flow of technology across our borders. It starts with a concise treatment of the relationship between technology and economics, followed by an examination of the importance of technology transfer in helping to expedite technological innovation. Methods of interna tional technology transfer are outlined along with data on the extent of past


thinking. The logical steps are to be followed even at the expense of the ultimate rejection of the perceptible world and its contents. There may well be only a limited readership for T.'s book, but it will be useful if we can now turn from mulling over the familiar topics it covers to looking at Empedocles' philosophic achievements, when, through the epic medium, he raises questions about chance and determinism, and the material basis of cognition, develops a new physics and a natural theology, links science with morals, psychology with ethics, and opens up the spectrum of universal life from the very great to the smallest organism.


Background: Newborn hearing screening was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in a step by step manner using otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) and details were recorded.

Methods: A prospective institutional based study was conducted. All the newborns born in the hospital over a period of 18 months from December 2018 to May 2020 were considered in the study. Healthy newborns were screened bedside within 24 hours of delivery and NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) babies were screened in the NICU. Handheld OAE apparatus was used as the initial screening tool. A total of 3 OAEs were done for babies with a "refer" result in the OAEs, which were done 1 month apart. Babies with a "refer" in the third OAE were subjected for BERA.

Results: A total of 14226 babies were screened at 24-48 hours of birth. Among them, 13,069 babies passed the first OAE screening in both ears. Remaining babies were referred for further follow-up. After subsequent follow-ups and successive testing, 11 babies were found to have hearing loss, which was diagnosed within 4-5 months of the child's birth.

Conclusions: Universal newborn hearing screening is the need of the day. OAE is an effective screening tool for newborn hearing loss. When complemented by BERA, majority of congenitally deaf babies can be diagnosed at a very early age. This helps in early intervention.


INTRODUCTION Super-paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles can label macrophages and monocytes in circulation; the effects of these labeled cells can then be detected by T2*-weighted MRI [1]. This has enormous potential for imaging inflammatory responses in the heart, but it has been difficult to do in vivo using conventional methods for free-breathing, ungated imaging. Subspace imaging with temporal navigation and sparse sampling of (k, t)-space has previously been used to accelerate several cardiac imaging applications [2], conventionally alternating between acquiring navigator data and sparse data every other TR. Here we describe a more efficient self-navigated pulse sequence to acquire both navigator and sparse data in the space of a single TR, doubling imaging speed to approach 100 frames per second (fps). We show the feasibility of using the resulting method to assess myocardial inflammation in a pre-clinical rodent ischemic re-perfusion injury (IRI) model using micron-sized paramagnetic iron oxide (MPIO) particles to label immune cells in circulation.


Peri interaction in several naphthalene ketones was investigated using the carbon-13 NMR, IR, and UV spectra. The carbonyl carbon resonances for 7H, 14H-cycloocta[1,2,3-de:5,6,7-d′e′]dinaphthalene-7,14-dione and its 7-oxa analog were found to be shifted upfield by 27 and 24 ppm respectively compared with those of model compounds. The anomalous shift for the former was attributed to π-orbital compression, which inhibited the polarization of carbonyl groups because of a forced parallel geometry, while the latter was attributed to field effects. The conclusion was supported by UV and IR data.


The present works, first, analyzes, from the theoretical viewpoint, the justly tributary principles and the need of your constitutional regulation and afterwards carries out a historical study of the regulation of these principles in the constitutional Cuban history, by recommending the need of a constitutional reform that legitimates the current tributary system.


Studied were the diagnostic possibilities of transabdominal ultrasound investigation in detecting polypus of different parts of the colon and rectum. The method is non-invasive, quick and easy to perform.


Identification and comparison of the volatile acids obtained from the vacuum-distillates of rice which was cooked in a closed container and in an open container, and odor evaluation tests were carried out. The vacuum-distillates were concentrated at pH 10 and butylated with 1-butanol, conc. sulfuric acid and anhydrous sodium sulfate which were subjected to GLC and GC-MS. Twenty-one volatile acids as 1-butyl ester were identified in the rice cooked in a closed container and an open container as follows: straight aliphatic acids (C1-18), branched aliphatic acids (C4-5), benzoic acid, 2-hexenoic acid and levulinic acid. Among them, newly identified compounds were as follows : straight aliphatic acids (C1-5), branched aliphatic acids (C4-6), benzoic acid, 2-hexenoic acid and levulinic acid. About a quarter of the quantity of volatile acids were distilled of by the cooking in an open container. In the sensory test, the odor of rice cooked in an open container was significantly more desirable than that of rice cooked in a closed container, because the undesirable volatile components as lower molecular fatty acids decreased during cooking in an open container.


In 2004 the Alberta Progressive Conservative party won an election that prolonged their political dynasty, which had begun some thirty-three years earlier. Dynasties seem to characterize Alberta politics, and over the years several researchers have formulated models to explain them. This paper uses the 2004 election as a case study to evaluate the contemporary relevance of a number of those theories of one-party dominance; in particular, it examines what they can offer to explain the latest extension of Tory hegemony. It also examines some factors that are not contained in the models in order to provide a fuller explanation of how the Conservative dynasty was preserved. We conclude that some of the standard theories of one-party dominance in Alberta are problematic or incomplete, and suggest some modifications.


During the coupling analysis of moisture field and temperature field in freezing soil by using artificial multi-freezing-tube cycles,a lot of factors should be considered,including multi-fields and nonlinear problems,etc..Their relations are complicated.The model tests of freezing process with multi-freezing-tube cycles are conducted.The regulation of variation of temperature field and moisture field with freezing time are obtained.It is proved that the temperature is the source of variation of moisture field;and the hydro-thermal coupling dominant equation is proposed.The finite element method is used to carry out hydro-thermal coupling movement with the hydro-thermal coupling parameters being solved simultaneously.It can simulate the characters of temperature forming and development,freezing moisture field transferring,as well as the coupling relation of the two fields.The results of numerical simulations and model tests have good coincidence.The hydro-thermal coupling analysis in this study has important reference to designing and optimizing freezing wall.The results have promotion role for both technological progress and theoretical development of shaft sinking by artificial freezing process with multi-freezing-tube-cycles in thick overburden.


Quintilian, Aristotle, and Cicero all comment on the peroration as an appropriate place to appeal most strongly to the passions or emotions of an audience. Mercury's peroration in book 4 of the Aeneid, which chiefly excites the passion of fear, and Paul's in Ephesians, which chiefly emphasizes fortitude and steadfastness, as well as Paul's peroration in 1 Corinthians, with its emphasis on love, all serve Milton as models for Raphael's concluding speech to Adam in book 8. Raphael's peroration "brings together the wisdom of classical rhetorical scholarship, classical epic, and the Christian scriptures to help Adam maintain the perfect pre-fall balance of 'passions.'"


Evaluations of fruit quality and nitrogen, potassium, and calcium concentration of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cvs. Gala and Golab) grown with five treatments of NO3−:NH4+ ratios were made in pot culture. The concentrations of NO3−:NH4+ ratios were 2.5:0.1, 6:1, 6:0.7, 6:0.5, 6:0.3 meq L−1. Fruit size, percent dry matter, total dissolved solids, total acidity, or juice pH was not affected by increased ammonium in the ratio. Firmness decreased as the proportion of NH4+ increased. Gala and Golab differed in some of these parameters. Concentrations of N and K increased as NH4+ increased, whereas Ca had no trend or decreased. Generally, the treatment of 2.5:0.1 produced fruits with lower N but higher K and Ca concentrations than the other treatments. This research showed that some parameters such as fruit weight, length, and diameter, juice pH, and dry matter were not affected significantly by NH4+ concentration whereas composition was affected.


In 1957, Lewis, writing about obsessional neurotic illness, stated: 'There has been no marked increase in our state of knowledge of it in recent years, and indeed much of what can be found on the subject in current textbooks had already been fully stated and closely discussed in the first two decades of this century ….' A recurrent theme in the literature is the supposed relationship between obsessional neurotic illness and 'obsessional' character traits. The psychoanalytic view that there is a strong association between obsessional symptoms and the 'anal' character traits was disputed by Lewis (1935). He found little evidence to support the existence of a well-marked constellation of character traits, or of a relationship between 'obsessional' traits and obsessional neurotic illness. Sandler and Hazari (1960) gave supportive evidence for the psychoanalytic view, but Reed (1970) doubted whether their conclusions were justified by the findings. Makhlouf-Norris (1968) summarized the literature in fourteen points, two of which are outlined below.


In the present study an attempt has been made to attract the attention of the geologists, glaciologists and lichenologists of the world towards Himalaya. The Himalaya houses tremendous amount of eternal ice, and hence, is considered as the 'Third Pole' of earth. In the Asian Continent the Himalaya attains a very specific place and is considered as the 'Water Tower' of Asia. During recent decades the ice stored in the glaciers of Himalaya has shrunk considerably under the influence of global warming. Most of the Himalayan glaciers could not get desired field investigations due to their remoteness and unfavorable climate and are studied mostly through remote sensing based applications. In the present study, an attempt has been made to encourage the researchers to adapt lichenometry as a tool to investigate the retreat of Himalayan glaciers.


Analysis of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) of 94 specimens of the lessepsian migrant Lagocephalus sceleratus, recently invated to the Mediterranean Sea, suggest that reproduction of the species in the Mediterranean occurs in summer. GSI values start increasing at a total length of about 30 cm.


An endoscope (10) comprising an endoscope shaft (13) having a distal shaft section (20), a middle shank portion (30) and a proximal shaft section (40) and a light entry surface (11) on the distal shaft section (20). The cross-section of the central shaft portion (30) is smaller than the cross section of the distal shaft section (20) and smaller than the cross section of the proximal shaft section (40).


Abstract A generalization of the Hermite–Hadamard (HH) inequality for a positive convex stochastic process, by means of a newly proposed fractional integral operator, is hereby established. Results involving the Riemann– Liouville, Hadamard, Erdélyi–Kober, Katugampola, Weyl and Liouville fractional integrals are deduced as particular cases of our main result. In addition, we also apply some known HH results to obtain some estimates for the expectations of integrals of convex and p-convex stochastic processes. As a side note, we also pointed out a mistake in the main result of the paper [Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities, convex stochastic processes and Katugampola fractional integral, Revista Integración, temas de matemáticas 36 (2018), no. 2, 133–149]. We anticipate that the idea employed herein will inspire further research in this direction.


This article explores diversity within top leadership positions in state governments, specifically, the role that position selection method plays in promoting the inclusion of racial and ethnic minorities into positions of power. We hypothesize that minorities will be more likely to serve in appointed positions as governors consider diversity in making appointments and less likely to serve in elected positions due to the additional hurdles for candidates of color. Using an original data set of state executive leaders from 2001 to 2017 from all 50 states, we find evidence that institutional design influences levels of diversity among state executive leaders. Racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to be appointed than elected to state executive leadership positions. In addition, we find that Democratic governors are more likely than Republican governors to appoint minorities. Ultimately, this evidence is important for understanding how institutional design can have consequences for descriptive representation, specifically for groups that have been historically excluded from political life.


Aim: To review laboratory attitudes to MSBOS in anticipation of updating the ANZBST guidelines. Methods: We undertook an online voluntary survey of senior transfusion scientists across Australia regarding current pre-transfusion practice with regards to MSBOS through a confidential online form. Results: 72 laboratories participated: 49% serviced public hospitals, 11% private hospitals and 40% both. The majority (68%) had transfusion activity of >200 episodes of red-cell e-issue/cross-match monthly. E-issue was performed in 63%. Most serviced blood fridges within their institution (67%) and/or remote sites (61%). An MSBOS was used in only 36% with no significant difference in utilisation of an MSBOS based upon transfusion episodes, sector serviced or E-issue. Seventy-three percent used an MSBOS for all patients, 27% using it only for remote allocations and 14% for those with allo-antibodies. MSBOS were derived from the ANZSBT guideline (70%) and local data (52%). Sixty-three percent reported a high frequency of receiving clinical information on transfusion requests and 68% reported requested units complied with MSBOS. Thirty-one percent of laboratories felt a revised MSBOS would be useful. Conclusion: A MSBOS is used in a minority of laboratories. Where used, good referrer compliance and significant interest in updated guidelines is reported.