Since 1980's, the new synthesis technology of diethyl oxalate (DEO) by catalytic coupling reaction of CO in gaseous phase under normal pressure has become an important project of C1 chemical technology in the world, because it is an environmental chemical process. In the industrialization production, there is a little impurity O 2 in the raw gas CO. Therefore, the effect of different contents of O 2 (5%~10%) in the raw gas on the activity of Pd Fe/ α Al 2O 3 catalyst for CO coupling reaction to DEO was experimentally investigated in the range of reaction temperature 105~120 ℃. The surface structure of the Pd containing catalyst was studied by XPS. The experimental results showed that the conversion of CO and the space time yield of DEO increased with increasing O 2 concentration and reaction temperature, but the selectivity for DEO decreased, and a new by product, ethyl acetate, was formed in the reaction system with O 2. The O 2, whose concentration was not more than 10% in the reaction system, could not cause the deactivation of the Pd containing catalyst but accelerated simultaneously the main reaction and the side reaction of CO coupling. The reason for O 2 accelerating CO coupling reaction was discussed on the basis of the experimental phenomena and the XPS measurement results for the catalyst. Oxygen, reacting rapidly with NO product of CO coupling reaction, made the decrease in concentration of the adsorbed NO on the catalyst surface, providing a more efficient space field for CO coupling main reaction and side reaction. The oxidation of the active component Pd and the promoter Fe in the catalyst at the reaction temperature by O 2 without CO coupling reaction was also observed. In addition, it was also found that the activity and selectivity of the catalyst can be fully recovered after removing O 2 from the reaction system.


The increase in the annual incidence of diabetes mellitus is 3-4%. Before the onset of insulin, death was inevitable. Acute complications of diabetes are ketoacidosis, severe hypoglycemia and hypoglycemic coma. There are many ways of delivering insulin. There are different types of insulin, by origin and by the action. The application sites are important insulin. Hypoglycemia is defined in Diabetes Mellitus when the number of blood glucose below 70 mg / dl. The diet should be guided by a nutritionist, at times and amounts. The exercise should be planned. The team must control a child with diabetes, should be an experienced team, understanding and knowledge of child development and adolescent diabetes mellitus and understood by the pediatric endocrinologist, pediatric, diabetes educator, nurse and nutritionist.


During the first six months of 1994, four mobile propagation measurement campaigns at 20 GHz were executed using the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS). The 20-GHz transmissions were received at a mobile van having a tracking antenna on its roof and a receiver/data acquisition system in its interior. Propagation results obtained from the above ACTS experiments were combined with those derived by the authors from previous campaigns, and a new empirical propagation model was developed. The previous campaigns involved transmitter platforms located on towers, helicopters, and geostationary satellites with radiating sources at frequencies from UHF to K band. The new model, referred to as the Extended Empirical Roadside Shadowing Model (EERS), describes the percent of distance driven in which the fade depth exceeds designated levels. The new model extends the frequency range to 20 GHz, elevation angles down to 7 deg, and probability from 20 to 80 percent. It is tailored to scenarios pertaining to roads containing roadside trees in which the Earth-satellite path is approximately orthogonal to the line of roadside trees. (Author)


Introduction This paper is intended as a response to the so-called issues paper entitled " strategic issues in managing sovereign debt for sustained development: an issues paper for the multi-stakeholder dialogue on debt ". It represents the combined efforts of civil society networks and organisations working in North America, Latin America, Africa and Europe. 1 It should therefore not be viewed as representing the views of " global " civil society as such. Networks and organisations in Asia and Australasia may have their own distinct perspectives and recommendations. The paper is organised in the following way: 1. An overview of our key concerns and specific recommendations; 2. A compendium of the full responses of each of the contributing networks and organisations; 3. Information about the networks and organisations that contributed to this response. 1. The paper is very technical and orients discussions in macroeconomic terms rather than recognise that the debt issue is a political and moral one also; 2. The discussion on debt sustainability within the paper does not question the most fundamental shortcoming of the new approach to the issue: creditor monopoly over definitions and assessments of debt sustainability. This represents a clear-cut case of conflict of interests and questions the commitment of the IFIs to principles of developing country ownership; 3. The issue of odious and illegitimate debt is confined to a brief footnote on Iraqi debt while there are many complaints of this throughout the world that need to be seriously addressed; 4. In this context, the paper does not discuss the proposals that have been put forward by civil society organisations, academia etc. to resolve the issue of illegitimate and unpayable debts, namely independent arbitration frameworks, debt audits etc.; 5. The paper frames a range of solutions to reduce risk and uncertainty in sovereign debt in terms of a range of random technocratic proposals instead of question the fundamental problem of grossly unequal creditor/debtor relations. The paper fails to underscore that creditor designed and imposed solutions have so far failed to resolve debt crises. 6. The paper does not mention the Millennium Development Goals and the inherent tension over the next ten years between raising the expenditure needed to achieve the goals while at the same time avoiding debt distress; 1 These networks and organisations are: Group on FfD contributed to the consultative process. The final integrated paper and summary of key concerns and recommendations …


Reports on a fully packaged multiple quantum-well (MQW) electroabsorption modulator (EAM) of bandwidth >10 GHz and the characteristics which make it suitable for application in the short pulse generation and demultiplexing roles in a 4 channel optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) system whose aggregate bit rate of 40 Gbit/s exceeds that of commercially available drive electronics. An EAM must meet some exacting specifications if it is to fulfil these roles. Firstly it must be capable of generating optical pulses with a higher on:off ratio or modulation depth (>23 dB) than is required in either non return to zero systems or soliton systems not employing OTDM in order to avoid inter channel interference. Secondly if the pulse source is to be suitable for soliton transmission in a 4 channel OTDM system, then even if alternate pulses are transmitted in orthogonal polarisation states, transform limited sech/sup 2/ pulses with a duty ratio of <or=8% are required in order to minimise inter-soliton interactions. This duty ratio, which corresponds to a pulse duration of <or=8 ps at a 10 GHz repetition rate, is a factor of 2 smaller than in soliton systems not employing OTDM.


The objective of this work was to evaluate agronomically the system of integrated production (IP) x conventional production (CP) in orchard of peach tree cv. Diamante in the rural area of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The study was conducted during three years (1999- 2001), in two different areas. The production systems were characterized as: in the CP prevails the handling and cultural practices usually used by the producer and IP is where the defined handling practices are used in the "Norms for Integrated Peach Production". The evaluations were: total production, classification of the fruits, damages, analyses post-harvesting and pesticides residues. The analysis of the production kg/tree and number of fruits/tree demonstrated that the production was larger in IP. The evaluation of the quality of the fruits indicated that there was an increasing in the number of fruits in one category in the system IP. The occurrence of damages in the crop for attack of insects, diseases, birds and a lot of times by the interaction of these was larger in CP. The analysis of pesticides residues in the pulp of the fruits demonstrated that there were not found residues, inside of the maximum established limits. The fruits of the system IP presented, in the crop, a larger firmness of the pulp and acidity and smaller level of soluble solids.


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. G-protein-coupled receptor 65 (GPR65) candidates as an SLE-locus for functioning in T cell receptor-mediated self-reactive T cell death in the thymus. This is also involved in anti-inflammatory actions and apoptosis as remarkable features of autoimmune diseases. This study investigated the relationship between the rs10139328 polymorphism at the 5´UTR of a GPR65 gene and SLE. This case-control study consisted of 102 SLE patients (98 females, 4 males) and 118 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (113 females, 5 males). Genotyping of the rs10139328 polymorphism was determined using an amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Data was analyzed using SPSS software. The Pearson chi-square was the test of choice for assessing the association between the rs10139328 polymorphism and SLE. The probable influences of sunlight and family history on SLE were evaluated by performing logistic regression. Except for one heterozygote subject among the control group, the study population was homozygote for the selected polymorphism. No statistical difference was seen in genotype distribution between the cases and the controls (P> 0.05). Statistical analysis revealed that sun exposure directly increased SLE susceptibility (P < 0.001). Having a family history of SLE increased the risk of disease occurrence by more than two times (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.28 - 4.41, P= 0.006). The results of the current study do not support the importance of the studied polymorphism in a GPR65 gene in the pathogenesis of SLE among southwestern Iranian patients.


Comprehensive studies were done on the growth and characterization of TiNb 2 O 7 (TNO) complex oxide thin films by pulsed laser deposition for the first time. The TNO thin films were successfully grown on Pt(200)/TiO 2 /SiO 2 /Si(100) substrates. The structure, surface morphology and chemical properties of as-grown thin films were studied as function of deposition temperature, pressure and laser fluence. The GIXRD and HRTEM analyses revealed that the as-grown TNO films were in the monoclinic crystal structure and independent of laser fluence. The HAADF STEM elemental mapping confirms the uniform composition of Ti, Nb and O in TNO thin films. The atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning microscopy shows that, the surface morphology and microstructure of TNO films varied significantly with respect to experimental conditions. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy quantitative results indicated that the binding energies of Ti and Nb elements shifted towards right with increasing oxygen partial pressure. The effects of oxygen partial pressure and laser fluence on as-grown TNO films were studied.


Utilizing semimajor axis deviation produced by the different atmospheric drag between spacecrafts can accomplish along-track separation control.Along-track separation aerodynamic control follows the principle of time-optimal control law that can be off-line operation to meet the need of ground-in-loop control.Besides,in the paper simulation analysis is carried out on the along-track separation control under time-optimal control law considering uncertainty conditions such as measurement errors of state and of atmospheric density etc,which shows the control precision of the along-track separation is better than 100 meters.


Samples of unadditised, middle distillate diesel fuel were injected through real-size optically accessible mini-sac diesel injectors into ambient air at common rail pressures of 250 and 350 bar, respectively. High-resolution images of white light scattered from the internal mini-sac and nozzle flow were captured on a high-speed monochrome video camera. Following the end of each injection, the momentum-driven evacuation of fuel liquid from the mini-sac and nozzle holes resulted in the formation of a vapour cloud and bubbles in the mini-sac, and vapour capsules in the nozzle holes. This permitted external gas to gain entrance to the nozzle holes. The diesel fuel in the mini-sac was observed to rotate with large initial vorticity, which decayed until the fuel became stationary. The diesel fuel remaining in the nozzle holes was observed to move inwards towards the mini-sac or outwards towards the nozzle exit in concert with the rotational flow in the mini-sac. The mini-sac bubbles' internal pressure differences revealed that the bubbles must have contained previously dissolved oxygen and nitrogen. Under diesel engine operating conditions, this multi-phase mixture would be highly reactive and could initiate local pyrolysis and/or oxidation reactions. Finally, the dynamical behaviour of the diesel fuel in the nozzle holes would support the admission of external hot combustion gases into the nozzle holes, establishing the conditions for oxidation/pyrolysis reactions with surrounding liquid fuel films.


Abstract Polycrystalline BaTiO, thin films of thickness dw = 0.5–5 μm were obtained by the cathode sputtering method in a radio frequency field. Depending on the technological conditions the films obtained exhibited varying degrees of perfection of the crystal structure. As the measure of degree of structural perfection of the thin films was taken the value of mean dimensions of areas of coherent X-rays scattering (D) and of mean microdeformations (Δd/d), in the direction normal to the substrate surface. With increase in (Δd/d) and decrease in D, there is a decrease in value of permittivity (e) of orientation polarization (Pr ) and residual polarization (PR ), while an increase is found in the coercive field (Ec ). in the switching time (ts ) and in degree of diffuseness of the ferroelectric phase transition. Results obtained on the relations between structure and ferroelectric properties are interpreted basing on the phenomenological model of ferroelectrics with a diffused phase transition and the dynami...


The present paperbuilds an argument towards an analysis of documentary games as cultural mediators. Establishing as a referential point the relation between the concepts of imaginary and narrative. In doing so, it aims to clarify the following question: in which ways do the


The chromic hematoxylin of Gomori (1941) can be used as an excellent chromosome stain after hydrolysis of the tissue in warm 1–N hydrochloric acid. The hydrolysis must be accurately timed for different material as in the case of the Feulgen reaction. The staining of sections can be performed at room temperature and requires about 15 minutes. For pieces of tissue and whole preparations, it is recommended to stain at 60°C. for 40 minutes. Sections stained at room temperature can be differentiated in 1% hydrochloric acid alcohol for one minute and can be counterstained with phloxine according to Gomori's formula. Whole preparations or sections stained at 60°C. must be differentiated in 45% acetic acid for half an hour or more. Tissue pieces may, after staining, be squashed and examined in the acetic acid, but the preparations can also be made permanent. The blue-black stain is very selective and has the advantage of giving high contrast, and it is nonfading, and insoluble in water and other common reagents. ...


This article undertakes a comparative, firm-level analysis of joining supply chain trade in five Southeast Asian economies to improve our understanding of fragmentation of manufacturing across borders. The findings suggests that firm size (reflecting economies of scale to overcome entry costs) matters for joining supply chain trade with large firms playing the dominant role in Southeast Asian economies. Meanwhile, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) make a small contribution to supply chain trade relatively to the sectors employment contribution. However, firm size is not the whole story. Efficiency—particularly investment in building technological capabilities and skills—and access to commercial bank credit also influence joining supply chain trade. The article suggests that governments can facilitate SMEs joining supply chain trade through a market-oriented strategy, modern physical infrastructure, streamlined regulations and efficient business support services.


The editor of this book, Paul Gilbert, is an internationally respected figure in the fields of cognitive therapy and evolutionary psychology, with over 25 years experience in research and clinical practice. This alone should indicate that this book is going to be a worthwhile read. Professor Gilbert's current areas of interest are shame and compassion, topics upon which he has spoken to international audiences for a number of years now. He has developed an approach called 'Compassionate Mind Training', which although rooted in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) practice, enshrines concepts and techniques that will be instantly recognisable to therapists from non-cognitive or behavioural backgrounds. The first time I read this book, I found myself agreeing out loud in many places, despite the fact that many of the concepts were ostensibly new to me. It just made sense. I think the main reason for this was that the book's content is rooted in attachment theory which for so many therapists – cognitive or otherwise, serves as a valuable lens through which so much of the client's experience can be viewed and understood. I know that my use of, and frequent reference to, attachment theory is one that is shared by therapists from diverse theoretical backgrounds – and I'm reminded of the understanding of a former colleague, Dr. Celly Rowe, who described it conceptually to me as a 'bridge' that linked different models of therapy. When you have a basis of a book that 'just makes sense' and you add to that stimulating and evidenced material from Eastern philosophy and reflections on psychotherapy practice, then you know this is going to be a valuable book. The contributing authors write on a wide variety of other concepts such as the physiology and biochemistry of attachment; shame and compassion; the influence of culture and fascinating descriptions of the process and benefits of forgiveness. What at first sounds like such an unlikely eclectic mix of topics does gel, and being able to read about the concept of compassion from such a variety of viewpoints made the topic so much more thought provoking. This book is edited by a CBT therapist but most certainly could not be described as a 'Textbook of CBT'! The main body of the text is divided into two parts. The first concentrates on the principles of shame and compassion together with their roots in evolutionary principles. It also explores neurochemistry and neurophysiology. To be honest I did struggle with some of these chapters – they are all


(57) Abstract: hearing evaluation and hearing aid adjustment system (22) is completely provide a three-dimensional acoustic environment buried, without personal hearing, there simulated hearing aid, to evaluate the hearing there hearing ability . To provide a hearing evaluation to deaf, selected model and the digitally controlled signal processing one or multiple signal sources than 1 representing audio or other acoustic analytically significant stimulation in accordance with the parameters digital filtering, create a simulated acoustic conditions.


new separation process for complex gas mixtures, e.g., natural gas. Toward this end, qualitative aspects were stressed and specific quantitative aspects were minimized. Because well established supersonic aerodynamic principles were involved in most of the channel design, description of these relationships was limited and references were given instead. W e hoped the resulting paper would be brief and direct. Points mentioned b y the reviewers warrant further elaboration, however, particularly on stream conditions. W e state that 10 percent (wt) of components condensed in the supersonic stream at —100 deg F. N o direct measurement of this quantity was possible. T o answer Professor Melnik's question, we relied on equation-of-state predictions of condensation based on experimental pressures, vapor and liquid flow rates, and compositions f rom the separator. Twelve experiments were studied; they differed only in the permeability of the wall. Hence, the nozzle exit conditions remained constant and only the rate of each phase passed through the walls changed. Calculations of material and heat balances of each test were made to match experimental data. Equilibrium phase behavior within the supersonic stream and thermodynamic properties were predicted by the Benedict -Webb-Rubin equation-ofstate for light hydrocarbons.9 B y mathematically varying the liquid and vapor rates through the wall for a range of assumed temperatures, a particular nozzle exit temperature was found which gave the best fit of the experimental data. This temperature was in the range of —100 deg F to —110 deg F. The isentropic expansion temperature was — 120 deg F. Since we had no evidence that supersaturation (condensation shock) occurred in the expansion, we feel that the nozzle exit temperature was close to the calculated isentropic temperature.


The hemiacetals of (+)- and (−)-N-glyoxyloylbornane-10,2-sultam and their imines reacted with allyl iodide in the presence of indium in DMF to give the corresponding α-hydroxy and α-amino camphor sultam derivatives with high diastereoselectivities (86–90% de). This method could be useful for preparation of α-hydroxy and α-amino acids.


Conceptual Metaphor Theory is an important theory of how abstract concepts are grounded.With the rapid development of second-generation cognitive science,researchers used a variety of experimental methods to investigate this theory.Analysis of existing research showed that a large number of studies have demonstrated that metaphor has a certain effect on the perception,memory,thinking,reasoning and other cognitive activities.The present paper briefly summarized research in this field,specialized some classic studies.On this basis,a few evaluation on existing research and suggestions for future research were proposed.


Purpose: To evaluate the time evolution of texture parameters, based on the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), in subtracted images of 17 patients (10 malignant and 7 benign) subjected to contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM). The goal is to determine the sensitivity of texture to iodine uptake at the lesion, and its correlation (or lack of) with mean-pixel-value (MPV). Methods: Acquisition of clinical images followed a single-energy CEDM protocol using Rh/Rh/48 kV plus external 0.5 cm Al from a Senographe DS unit. Prior to the iodine-based contrast medium (CM) administration a mask image was acquired; four CM images were obtained 1, 2, 3, and 5 minutes after CM injection. Temporal series were obtained by logarithmic subtraction of registered CM minus mask images.Regions of interest (ROI) for the lesion were drawn by a radiologist and the texture was analyzed. GLCM was evaluated at a 3 pixel distance, 0° angle, and 64 gray-levels. Pixels identified as registration errors were excluded from the computation. 17 texture parameters were chosen, classified according to similarity into 7 groups, and analyzed. Results: In all cases the texture parameters within a group have similar dynamic behavior. Two texture groups (associated to cluster and sum mean) show a strong correlation with MPV; their average correlation coefficient (ACC) is r^2=0.90. Other two groups (contrast, homogeneity) remain constant with time, that is, a low-sensitivity to CM uptake. Three groups (regularity, lacunarity and diagonal moment) are sensitive to CM uptake but less correlated with MPV; their ACC is r^2=0.78. Conclusion: This analysis has shown that, at least groups associated to regularity, lacunarity and diagonal moment offer dynamical information additional to the mean pixel value due to the presence of CM at the lesion. The next step will be the analysis in terms of the lesion pathology. Authors thank PAPIIT-IN105813 for support. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Y Tecnologia, PAPIIT-IN105813


BACKGROUND
Cucumber fruit rot (CFR) caused by Fusarium incarnatum is a devastating fungal disease in cucumber. In recent years, CFR has occurred frequently, resulting in serious yield and quality losses in China. Phenamacril exhibits a specific antifungal activity against Fusarium species. However, no data for phenamacril against F. incarnatum were available.

RESULTS
The sensitivity of 80 F. incarnatum strains to phenamacril was determined. The EC50 value ranged from 0.1134 to 0.3261 μg/mL with a mean EC50 value of 0.2170±0.0496 μg/mL. A total of seven resistant mutants were obtained from 450 mycelial plugs by phenamacril-taming on PDA plates with 10 μg/mL of phenamacril, and the resistant frequency was 1.56%. Phenamacril-resistant mutants showed decreased mycelial growth, conidiation and virulence as compared with the corresponding wild-type strains, indicating that phenamacril resistance suffered a fitness penalty in F. incarnatum. In addition, using sequence analysis, the point mutations of S217P or I424S were discovered in Fimyosin-5 (the target gene of phenamacril). The site-directed mutagenesis of the S217P, P217S, I424S and S424I substitutions were constructed to reveal the relationship between the point mutations and phenamacril resistance. The results strongly demonstrated that the mutations of S217P and I424S in Fimyosin-5 conferred phenamacril-resistance in F. incarnatum.

CONCLUSION
This is the first report that the S217P or I424S mutations confer phenamacril resistance in F. incarnatum. Moreover, phenamacril-resistant mutants were easily induced and their resistance level was high, but phenamacril resistance suffered a fitness penalty. Thus, we proposed that the resistance development of F. incarnatum to phenamacril is high risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Objective To investigate the effect of pretreatment of stem cells factor(SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) on proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) into cardiomyogenic cells.Methods The SD rats were randomly divided into control,SCF,G-CSF and SCF+G-CSF group.The 4th passage MSCs' cellular cycle was valued by flowcytometry.The 4th passage of MSCs labeled by DAPI was co-cultured with cardiomyogenic cells.The proteins expression of cardiac myosin heavy chain(MHC) and troponin T(TnT) were detected with immunofluorescence technique from the first day to the fifth day to calculate the percentage of the differentiation of MSCs into cardiomyogenic cells.Results ①The percentage of MSCs in G0/G1 phase of the SCF/G-CSF group was significantly lower than that of SCF+G-CSF and control group(P0.01).The percentage of MHC proteins?positive MSCs of SCF/G-CSF group was significantly higher than that of SCF group,G-CSF group,and the control group,and that of SCF group and G-CSF group was significantly higher than that of the control group.②The positive percentage of MHC and TnT in SCF+G-CSF group was significantly higher than that of SCF/G-CSF and control group,and that of SCF and G-CSF group was significantly higher than that of control group.Conclusions SCF and G-CSF could play the promotion role in proliferation and differentiation of MSCs.


A meandering highway passes through beautiful and diverse landscapes around the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Along the coast, mountains rise up to one side as the ocean extends out to the horizon on the other. The landscape on the southeast poirton of Oahu is breathtaking in its barren and eroded land forms. Here, the land is carved into coves, and cliff edges diop dramatically to the water. The site for this exploration is located along this coastal area at Halona Point. Aside from the highway, the only other built forms are a large parking lot and platforms for viewing the ocean. Presently, there is no strong connection between the parking lot, the cliff, and the cove. The design of a swimming facility on the cliff proposes to enhance the connection by nurturing the intristic quality of the landscape, as well as enabling a new experience in the journey down to thewater. This thesis centers around ways of intervening with built architectural form in the existing topography and materials of the site. The design explores different strategies of "touching" the landscape: 1. carving into or extruding out of the cliff 2. building with natural or man-made materials 3. designing with light and shadow Implementing these strategies of architectural form creates a procession through the site down to the water. The journey moves into and out from the rock forms and provides places along the way to stop and relax. The purpose of the project is to enable a new experience of engaging the site through the interaction of architecture and landscape. Thesis Advisor: Imre Halasz, Professor Emeritus


Digital image inpainting is an image restoration technique used to replace missing, damaged, or deteriorated parts of images. Classical textual and structural, as well as deep neural network learning-based, methods have been proposed for inpainting digital images originating from various sources. In this paper we propose a method that falls within the realm of classical methods. The inpainting task is formulated as a quadratic programming problem, and two solution methods, unsupervised and supervised, are described. The proposed methods are experimentally evaluated on the different classes of images. We analyze and discuss the results and identify possible future research directions.


In order to improve the ideological and political work in the new situation, it is important to improve the methods. strengthen the work and make it more effective so as to produce all - round developed constructors and successors for the socialist course.


A random method is presented to measure the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the rigid endoscope, evaluating its imaging quality. The experimental setup includes a four-dimensional (4D) mobile platform, a non-full-screen liquid-crystal display (LCD), three different kinds of patterns, a nasoendoscope of 0° direction of view under measurement, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) device, and a computer. The method is divided into three steps to complete the MTF measurement. First the geometric distortion is evaluated to determine the suitable sampling matrix (SSM) by the grid pattern. Then the illuminance inhomogeneity distribution is evaluated to obtain the illuminance compensation curve by the uniform grayscale pattern. Finally the MTFs are acquired by analyzing the spatial frequency contents of the compensated SSMs by the random patterns. By analysis and comparison, the method can improve the stability and accuracy for the MTF measurement in a simplified way.


The real India lives in its villages and smaller towns and therein lies the future of India. Rural India has been ignored for more than 60 years and the cloud technology will bring the change that is required to bridge the divide rural India and Urban India, and will improve the Indian rural economy. The principal source of income of India is agriculture. So the development of the ICT is basically focused on the Indian agriculture sector. Cloud computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network based computing that take place over the internet. These platform hide the complexity and details of underlying infrastructure from users and applications by providing very simple graphical interface . Latest technological development has through a dramatic change in every field and agriculture is no exception to it. Cloud computing technology impacted positively on agriculture field and related services they provide for users.


Moacyr Scliar was born in Porto Alegre in 1937 and was the son of immigrant Russian Jews. He left a legacy of around ninety works, including novels, volumes of short stories, children's literature, and essays. His great gift for storytelling, one that anyone who knew him recognized when conversing with him, was nurtured by the environment in which he was raised, a neighborhood of Russian-Jewish immigrants in Porto Alegre, the Bom Fim district, featured in his first novel, A guerra do Bom Fim (1972; The War in Bom Fim, 2010), where childhood memories mingle with stories of immigrant Jews. Scliar died in the city of his birth on February 27, 2011, attended by his wife Judith and his son Roberto. In his literary memoir O texto, ou: a vida (2006; The Text, or: Life), as well as in many of his lectures and interviews, he referred to the influence of his parents, who were wonderful storytellers. His mother, an elementary school teacher, was an avid reader and encouraged his habit of reading, both by giving him books as well as by hiding others from him. She named him Moacyr, a character in José de Alencar's novel Iracema (1865). His themes were influenced by both gaúcho (the horseman of the Brazilian south) and Jewish traditions. His state of Rio Grande do Sul is that of an immigrant culture, open to the world, which differentiates his literature from the regionalism of a writer like Simões Lopes Neto. Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas, Issue 83, Vol. 44, No. 2, 2011, 308 311


Woven fabrics are widely used in clothing because of their parallel and interlaced properties, which are formed by weaving. Creating a weaving pattern, especially hand weaving for interlacing yarns is a cumbersome task in the textile industry. In this paper, we propose two kinds of playing for creating weaving patterns on multi-input devices: the tie-up plan and the lift plan. Discrete notes on the treble staff are translated into signatures of treadling sequences and discrete notes in the bass staff are translated into signatures of theadling sequences. Artists can use their right hand to compose a treadling sequence for weft yarns and their left hand to play a threading sequence for warp yarns. The treadling and threading sequences become the notes on the full gamut of shafts and treadles. Our result shows that we are able to compose a family of weaving patterns in a similar way to playing the piano in a short time.


GALEX is a NASA Small Explorer mission that was launched in April 2003 and is now performing a survey of the sky in the far and near ultraviolet (FUV and NUV, 155 nm and 220 nm, respectively). The instrument comprises a 50 cm Ritchey-Chretien telescope with selectable imaging window or objective grism feeding a pair of photon-counting, microchannel-plate, delay-line readout detectors through a multilayer dichroic beamsplitter. The baseline mission is approximately 50% complete, with the instrument meeting its performance requirements for astrometry, photometry and resolution. Operating GALEX with a very small team has been a challenge, yet we have managed to resolve numerous satellite anomalies without loss of performance (only efficiency). Many of the most significant operations issues of our successful ongoing mission will be reported here along with lessons for future projects.


The trend that electronic products become more diminutive and more lightsized continues.So,various flat panel display are applied widely,the LCD panel is a prominent type.the COF technology has become the primary packaging technique for driver IC of LCD by many advantages owned by it.In this paper,the structure,features,key process,applications and developing direction of COF are summarized.


This paper presents a three-dimensional (3-D) simulation of incompressible viscous flow of an electrically conducting ionised gas inside a non conducting rectangular duct. The understanding of the flow of such fluid along the duct domain is very important in the design of a direct energy conversion system such as magnetohydrodynamics, MHD, power generation. The operating fluid considered in the present study is a propane gas, with burning temperature of about 1977 °C. This gas, with electrical conductivity of 100 s/m start through an inlet velocity of 1 m/s along the axial direction and is transversed by a uniform magnetic field in the radial direction. The uniform magnetic flux densities, B, values selected are 0 T, 1.12 T, 1.32 T and 1.41 T. Subsequently, numerical simulations are performed by means of the Comsol Multiphysics Commercial Software, which is used to solve the governing 3-D fluid dynamics and electromagnetic field partial differential equations iteratively (Maxwell's and Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes). The x-component velocity field of the propane gas fluid is found to decrease when the intensities of the applied magnetic field are increased. In addition, the fluid flow pressure is low at the duct entrance and gradually increases at the center of the duct due to the intensity of the applied magnetic fields. The computation analysis performed in this work present a useful starting point to study more complex problems, especially with the potential use of MHD power generator for industrial applications.


The theme of environmental management, sustainability and preservation of the environment gained space and strength over the years in academic discussions. Considering the relevance of the topic, it is justified by the need to sensitize employees of Higher Education Institutions about the importance of environmental education. In this sense, the present study aimed to verify the existing environmental practices on the campus of a federal institute in the perception of two Administration course coordinators. To reach the objective, a qualitative approach was used, using semi-structured interviews. With regard to the results, they have knowledge about sustainability and environmental practices.


ABSTRACT: Studies showed that intercropping garlic reduced pests in strawberry field crops. However, influence of intercropping on yield was not tested. The objective of the study was to evaluate the strawberry pseudofruit and garlic bulb productions in monocropping and intercropping systems. Assessments of the yields and calculation of the land equivalent ratio, competition ratio and gross income were performed. The experiments were conducted in three areas (two open field and one greenhouse) in Londrina municipality. Treatments in the field experiments were garlic or strawberry in monocrops (controls), strawberry (S) + one garlic row (GR), S + 2GR or S + 3GR per plot. In the greenhouse experiment, plants were grown in pots with following treatments: garlic or strawberry in monocrops, 2S + 2 garlic plants per plot (GPP), 2S + 4GPP or 2S + 5GPP. Similar yields (garlic bulbs and strawberry pseudofruits) were observed among the treatments. Intercropping garlic among strawberry plants increased the land equivalent ratio. The intercrop land equivalent ratio index ranged from 1.34 to 2.55. An increasing in gross income were observed when increasing garlic plant densities in intercropping with strawberry. Results showed that intercropping garlic with strawberry increases land equivalent ratio and gross income. Production of strawberry pseudofruits and garlic bulbs were not influenced by intercropping systems compared to monocropping.


A factorial experiment measures the impact of in-store displays on sales for different product characteristics. Variables related to growth or competitive structure are found significant, while market share of the test item in the product category, level of price cut, and advertising to sales ratio have no effect on the impact of display.


The main purpose of the paper is to show the influence of various philosophical ideas on the development of prototype theory , an integral part of experiential realism and one of the key strongpoints of modern cognitive linguistics . After providing an overview of the main tenets of experiential realism, the paper deals with the position of prototypes within the basic approaches to categorization in thought and language, which is followed by a summary of a number of ideas of Immanuel Kant, Edmund Husserl and Ludwig Wittgenstein, with a special emphasis on Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations and the Blue and Brown Books , i.e. on his explorations of the problem of categorization, language games and family resemblances. The paper proves that the philosophical thread which brings us to the modern ideas of cognitive linguistics began with Kant's views on knowledge and the nature of categorization, Husserl's concept of categorical intuition and, finally, Wittgenstein's treatment of categories based on the complex network of family resemblances.


The stochastic non-resonant energization of ions in non-sinusoidal coherent plane-polarized magnetosonic waves is investigated. It is found that, as in the case of sinusoidal magnetosonic waves, the process does not follow quasi-linear theory, i.e. it is a diffusion in velocity space, but with a diffusion coefficient D ∝ ν–α, α ≈ 1, instead of D ∝ ν–3. Moreover, it is found that the presence of strong harmonics lowers the stochasticity threshold of the wave amplitude by as much as one order of magnitude (depending on the form of the power spectrum), but at the same time it suppresses the diffusion rate of the ions in velocity space. Our results indicate that waves with a saw-tooth wave form are the most efficient for ion energization.


The locations of extra-framework Cu 2+ cations in hydrated copper ion-exchanged mordenite (formula Cu 1384 T 48 O 2 · 28H 2 O, space group Cmcm, a = 18.1659(4) A, b = 20.375(1) A, c = 7.495(1) A, V = 2774.4(4) A 3 , Z = 1, R = 5.13%) and its partially dehydrated analog (formula Cu 1.468 T 48 O 2 · 4.04H 2 O, space group Cmcm, a = 18.0546(7) A, b = 20.298(2) A, c = 7.4772(3) A, V = 2740.2(3) A 3 , Z = 1, R = 3.90%) have been determined from the analysis of room-temperature single-crystal X-ray data. Two copper sites were found in the hydrated sample: one in the elliptical 8-ring and the other in the center of the main 12-ring channel. Upon dehydration three copper sites were determined; one in the elliptical 8-ring, one above the 6-ring in the main channel and the last in the circular 8-ring that leads into the main channel. The low coordination, but high accessibility, of the latter two cation sites in the partially dehydrated sample provides a possible explanation for the high activity of mordenite and its related pentasil family members for nitrogen oxide decomposition.


A child who is forced to live or born into a situation or discriminated group is at risk for abuse, neglect and exploitation. Children living under unusual circumstances have the disadvantage that they are deprived of the essential services to foster their growth & development and are vulnerable to problems affecting their health and wellbeing. The present study explains the impact of common unusual circumstances for children with the evidence from previous literature. The study concludes that health and development of vulnerable children living under different unsual circumstances were adversely affected. Also, there were increased prevalence of behavioral problems and delinquency among those children.


Proton and fluorine NMR spectra of HBF2 were recorded in the temperature range 140°K to 230°K. The values for the spin‐coupling constants JHF, J11B—H and J11B—F are 108±1 Hz, 211±2 Hz, and 84±1 Hz, respectively. JHF is temperature independent. The apparent values of J11B—H and J11B—F decrease below 165°K due to the interaction of rapidly fluctuating electric field gradients with the electric quadrupole moment of boron. The center of the proton multiplet is about 0.12 ppm downfield from the center of the terminal proton multiplet in diborane. The fluorine multiplet is about 60 ppm downfield from the fluorine resonance in BF3, which in this case was a single structureless line. The dependence of 11B–H coupling constants on the orbital hybridization of boron is discussed.


For conceptual information analysis, the object-role modeling (ORM) approach is arguably more suitable than entity-relationship modeling and the class modeling technique within the Unified Modeling Language. Although ORM has been used for three decades and now has industrial modeling tool support, it has no official, standard meta-model. Because of its extensive capability for expressing business rules, ORM is currently being considered as a possible standard for business rules expression within the Object Management Group (OMG), and for use in ontology standards. To support these initiatives and the interchange of ORM model data between different software tools, this chapter discusses recent research by the authors to pave the way for a standard ORM meta-model that employs a standard interchange format. Two different ways of meta-modeling ORM features are presented, design trade-offs are examined, and extensions to ORM are proposed. As proof of concept, a working prototype that is compliant with the OMG's Meta-Object Facility is also discussed. This chapter appears in the book, Informat on Mo eling Methods a d Methodologies, edited by John Krogstie, Terry Halpi and K ng Siau. Copyright © 2005, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING


The modal systems S1--S3 were introduced by C. I. Lewis as logics for strict implication. While there are Kripke semantics for S2 and S3, there is no known natural semantics for S1. We extend S1 by a Substitution Principle SP which generalizes a reference rule of S1. In system S1+SP, the relation of strict equivalence $\varphi\equiv\psi$ satisfies the identity axioms of R. Suszko's non-Fregean logic adapted to the language of modal logic (we call these axioms the axioms of propositional identity). This enables us to develop a framework of algebraic semantics which captures S1+SP as well as the Lewis systems S3--S5. So from the viewpoint of algebraic semantics, S1+SP turns out to be an interesting modal logic. We show that S1+SP is strictly contained between S1 and S3 and differs from S2. It is the weakest modal logic containing S1 such that strict equivalence is axiomatized by propositional identity.


A simple and cost-effective experimental setup for measuring the transmission coefficient of whispering-gallery (WG) mode dielectric resonators up to the mm-wave band is presented. The proposed setup consists of a sweep generator, a spectrum analyzer and a PC with a General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB). The major advantage of such arrangement lies in the ease of measurement without standard calibration procedures as well as its cost-effectiveness. Using this setup, two WG resonators have been experimentally characterized over the K- and Ka-bands. The obtained results are in a good agreement with those obtained from a calibrated vector network analyzer.


This paper presents a framework for simulating visually realistic motion of underwater Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) in highly complex models of aquatic environments. The models include a wide range of objects such as rocks, fish and marine plankton in addition to an ROV tether. A modified cable simulation for the underwater physical conditions has been developed for a tethered ROV. The simulation framework also incorporates models for low visibility conditions and intrinsic camera effects unique to the underwater environment. The visual models were implemented using the Unreal Engine 4 realistic game engine to be part of the presented framework. We developed a generalized method for implementing an ROV dynamics model and this method serves as a highly configurable component inside our framework. In this paper, we explore the unique characteristics of underwater simulation and the specialized models we developed for that environment. We use computer vision algorithms for feature extraction and feature tracking as a probe for comparing experiments done in our simulated environment against real underwater experiments. The experimental results presented in this paper successfully demonstrate the contribution of this realistic simulation framework to the understanding, analysis and development of computer vision and control algorithms to be used in today's ROVs.


The present invention relates to a new formulation for the extended release of the active ingredient having a pH- dependent solubility. The formulation of the present invention the hydrophilic polymer containing the active ingredient of certain dose-matrix substrate including a support and further comprises at least one acidifying agent of the acid salt form of an organic acid. Extended release formulation, zolpidem, acidifier


The spatial and temporal patterns of variation of a tropical soft-bottom fish community sampled by a shrimp trawl and a fish trawl'were compared at two sites, North and South Bay, of St Vincent Bay, New Caledonia. Results indicated that the species richness and particularly the species composition were related to the type of trawl. However, the overall density and biomass, species diversity, and evenness did not vary significantly as a function of gear type. The same species dominated the catches of the two trawl types, but differences appeared between density, biomass and mean weight of particular species, calculated from the shrimp and the fish trawl catches. The spatial variations of the community structure were comparable between the two gear types, though the composition of the species assemblages were not the same. Differences appeared for the temporal structures. These differences were insignificant in one of the sampled sites (North Bay), but more important in the other site (South Bay), where species diversity, size range of the individuals, and shape diversity of fishes were more important. However, the major differences between the community structures remained the same, independent of sampling gear type. These results validate studies comparing spatial and temporal patterns of variations in general characteristics (i.e. number of species per haul, density, biomass, species diversity and evenness) of tropical soft-bottom fish communities determined by shrimp and fish demersal otter trawls. This also validates the determination of species assemblages especially spatial assemblages. However, important problems may arise when more particular points are studied, such as species composition of the communities, determina\ion of the characteristic species of the assemblages, or study of a particular species. In such studies, the use of several different trawl types, which give a substantially enlarged perspective of the community, is an alternative. I


Background: World Health Organization, newborn infant of less than 2,500 grams at birth is classified as low weight. Low birth weight (LBW) babies are significantly at risk of death, contributing to the high perinatal morbidity and mortality in low resource countries. Objective: To assess the incidence of Low birth weights babies and associated factors among post partum mothers who gave birth at Felegehiowt Referral Hospital. Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on laboring mothers at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital Bahirdar. Data were collected by using interviewer administer questionnaire. The returned questionnaires were checked for completeness, cleaned manually daily and entered in to EPI INFO Version 3.5.3 and then transferred to SPSS for windows version 16.0 for further analysis. Frequencies, proportions and summary statistics were used to describe the study population in relation to relevant variables. Association between dependent and independent variables were assessed by using binary and multiple logistic regressions. Result: From the total 179 respondent cases, 36(20.11%) mothers were gave birth at short Inter Pregnancy Interval (IPI). Low birth weight deliveries were occurred in 21.23% of the delivery cases. Illitrat mothers had higher rate of 28(73.7%) in giving low birth weight deliveries. Inter Pregnancy Interval had no significant association on the Low Birth Weight. Mothers who gave birth LBW neonate had siginificant association with non pre eclamptic/eclamptic 33(86.8%) with [AOR=7.82, 95% CI (1.63, 37.47.2] and rural residence 25(65.8%) with [AOR=5.09, 95% CI (2.01,12.85] OR had LBW deliveries respectively. Conclusion: Mothers who had short birth to pregnancy interval had risk to give low birth weight babies. Significant number of mothers gave low birth weight


This chapter seeks to reconstruct how the late Stavros Tsakyrakis formulated liberalism's commitment to neutrality. It shows that Tsakyrakis championed not only the practical usefulness of neutrality in deciding cases but also its explanatory potential in elucidating why and how rights matter. However, the more he sharpened his conception of neutrality, the less absolute it became. Eventually it came to express a political ideal that in some areas imposes robust duties on government and in others allows more room than is sometimes thought for the expression of collective identity. In order to elaborate this dualism and focus the discussion, the chapter refers to a recent decision of the US Supreme Court that would surely have engaged Tsakyrakis, American Legion v American Humanist Association.


Malignancies developed in 141 organ transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine. The cancers showed important differences from those seen following conventional immunosuppressive therapy (CIT). They appeared an average of 20 months after cyclosporine and 60 months after CIT. Non-Hodgkin's lympho


Patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation are at high risk for infection‐related complications, and vaccination efficacy might be impaired depending on the immune reconstitution. In this study, we evaluate their response to mRNA vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2.


A two-way power divider circuit is designed to realize the outputs of multiple modules,in which the structure of two layers compound-balun stripline is adopted.The formula of the circuit characteristic impedance is derived from calculating the distributing capacitance,as the transmission matrix of compound circuit is given.By the simulation and test,it is shown that the performance of balance synthesis between two modules is agreed with the requirement,and 180 degrees phase difference between two outputs of secondary module is obtained.The circuit has been successfully applied in the TACAN phased-array antenna.


We report here the discovery of sandstone-hosted uranium mineralization in the basal part of Upper Dharamsala Formation in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh. Stratigraphically, the Tertiary sedimentary rocks of Dharamsala Group (Upper Eocene to Lower Miocene; 1400 to 1900 m thick in Tileli area and locally up to 3950 m thick) are bounded by the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) on the northeast and Palampur Thrust on the south-west, with several other criss-cross thrusts. The beds dip 30°–55° north-east. Uranium mineralization was noted at Tileli (eU3O8, 0.086%), and was explored by shielded probe logging of rocks exposed in five trenches. The trench face samples assayed 0.01–0.27% eU3O8, and 0.011– 0.076% U3O8 (beta/gamma) with negligible ThO2. The radioactive zone is 540 m long and 5–10 m thick. Radioactivity is due to uraninite and uranophane disseminated in radioactive pockets which are enclosed in hydrated iron oxide, at places admixed with clay. In addition to Tileli, other significant uranium manifestations are Rohin Khad (50 m × 10–15 m); eU3O8, 0.069%), Garlwar (70 m × 5–8 m; eU3O8, 0.063%), Chah Ka Dora (80 m × 10–15 m; eU3O8, 0.036%), Kalthar (50 m × 5–8 m), Mangwana (5 m × 2 m; eU3O8, 0.88%) and Manjkhetar (eU3O8 values from grab samples). This study opens up a new environment in Dharamsala basin to locate possible new uranium prospects.


Aiming at the special requirement on the driving mechanism by vehicle seat cushion obliquity adjustment device,a three dimensional(3D) model of cylinder starting stage was built and the model was meshed according to its structure and operating principle.Based on the calculation methods and physical flow models of FLUENT software,in combination with User-Defined Function(UDF) and dynamic mesh technique,simulated calculation was performed and result was verified by experiments with built test platform.The factors which affected the starting characteristic of the pneumatic cylinder,such as length of starting channel,starting pressure,piston diameter and nozzle height,were analyzed with the verified model.The result show that: the length of starting channel has the largest influence on starting characteristic,the starting pressure is the one followed,and the piston diameter has impacts on it in a certain range,while the smallest one is the nozzle height.The research result provides theoretical basis for the optimization of driving pneumatic cylinder of obliquity adjustment device.


The abundance of 18F in Nova explosions is an important issue for the understanding of this astrophysical phenomenon. For this reason it is necessary to study the nuclear reactions that produce or destroy this isotope in novae. Among these latter processes, the 18F(p,α)15O is one of the main 18F destruction channels. We report here on the preliminary results of the first experiment that applies the Trojan Horse Method to a Radioactive Ion Beam induced reaction. The experiment was performed using the CRIB apparatus of the Center for Nuclear Study of The Tokyo University.


This study aimed at verifying students' understanding on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) under the perspective of infection control and identifying nursing graduation courses contribution to the construction of graduating students' knowledge on this issue. It was carried out with 182 (58.3%) nursing graduating students in Higher Education Institutions in the State of Goias in the year of 2005. Data was collected through a questionnaire after approval of the Research Ethics Committee and assessed through descriptive statistics. The outcomes showed students multiple behavior on the use and handling of coats, gloves, masks, goggles, and caps. Despite their reports of using PPE, they do not know why to use them, even though they have studied about them in the curriculum. Knowledge is inconsistent and signals to failure in the teaching process. We verified a student's vulnerability regarding prevention of work-related infections. Key words: Protective devices; Universal precautions; Nursing Education.


In his multi-volume work La Technique et le temps, or Technics and Time, Bernard Stiegler attempts to rethink the relationship between the human and technical objects, or what he calls ''technics.'' The term ''technics'' here renders the French ''la technique'' which, as Stiegler's translators Richard Beardsworth and George Collins point out, refers to the ''technical domain or to technical practice as a whole.'' It is therefore to be distinguished from ''la technologie'' (''technology'') and ''technologique'' (''technological'') which refer to the ''specific amalgamation of technics and the sciences in the modern period'' (Beardsworth and Collins in Stiegler, Technics and Time 280–81 n. 1). The English term, technics, is probably best known through its use by the theorist of technology Lewis Mumford, who first uses it in his 1934 book Technics and Civilization. Mumford defines the term in the later Art and Technics as ''that part of human activity wherein, by an energetic organization of the process of work, man controls and directs the forces of nature for his own purposes'' (Art and Technics 15). However, in the work of Stiegler, the term ''technics'' takes on a particular meaning. Stiegler uses technics to refer to what he calls ''organized inorganic matter.'' He explores a history of technics as epiphylogenesis – the preservation in technical objects of epigenetic experience. Epiphylogenesis for Stiegler marks a break with genetic evolution (which cannot preserve the lessons of experience), a break which also constitutes the ''invention'' of the human. As Stiegler puts it in the general introduction to Technics and Time: ''As a 'process of exteriorization,' technics is the pursuit of life by means other than life'' (Technics and Time 17). This paper will briefly outline Stiegler's ideas around technics as they appear in the first volume of Technics and Time. It will move on to show that in more recent work by Stiegler, exemplified by the later volumes of Technics and Time, there is a shift of emphasis in Stiegler's thinking of technics. This shift seems to be characterized by the move from an emphasis on technics as the exteriorization of the human, or on prosthesis, to an emphasis on technics as what Stiegler calls ''tertiary memory,'' or mnemotechnics. This is paralleled by a move from the first volume's exploration of the origin of the human in tools and writing to an explicit focus on modern teletechnologies, on cinema, on the televisual and on technoscience. This new emphasis on technics as ''tertiary memory'' is therefore accompanied by a rethinking of tele-technologies as the global ''industrialization of memory.'' ben roberts


This paper introduces a new algorithm of text representation,which applies in Web document information filtering system.Compared with the traditional VSM,such an improved algorithm based on VSM makes more rapid filtering speed and higher filtering precision.This algorithm straight picks out attribute from attribute aggregate of filtering template,just disposes of the place where this attribute appeared in Web document.Then it gives different coefficient of weighting according to Web label which attribute perched on,and gets more exact weightiness of attribute.Finally it finds Web document representation model from the above result.


In this paper, the key research was focused on the algorithm based on wavelet domain after analyzing and comparing several watermark algorithms. Disperse Wave Transform(DWT) watermark and Disperse Cosine Transform(DCT) watermark are both belong to transform domain technology, and they have more robustness than spatial-temporal domain technology, and DWT is superior to DCT. DWT can use the spatial-frequency characteristics of Human Visual System, and Mosaic will not appear in reconstruct image. DWT also can use image fusion technology to disperse watermark into multiple scales of carrier data, and got more robustness. In this paper, watermark embedding based on wavelet domain in which raster data are carrier was performed, then extracting and detecting watermark were done. Experiment results show that digital watermark based on wavelet domain will get better invisibility and robustness, and can be used in following the data by digital fingerprint.


Dioscorea pseudo-tomentosa Prain & Burkill (Dioscoreaceae) is a compound-leaved species endemic to the province of Saraburi in Central Thailand, an area threatened by the extraction of limestone. It should be regarded as endangered, and it is recommended that it be brought into cultivation in a Thai botanic garden as soon as possible to ensure its survival. The fruit of D. pseudo-tomentosa is described and illustrated for the first time.


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The information quality is the abilities that one understands information,gets to know its features and values, as well as the abilities that one uses and develops information. One's information quality includes the information knowledge, the information ideas, the information capacity and the information morality. The methods to bring up the information quality are to develop an information technology course, to use information technology in all subjects and all educational administration,and to make good use of the social and home information technology to teach students.


Kurzia moniliformis Engel, a new member of the Lepidoziaceae, is described and illustrated from New Zealand. The species belongs to a new section, K. sect. Moniliformes Engel.


This paper presents measurements of transresistance of the vortex flow transistor (VFT). These measurements were obtained at frequencies up to 500 MHz which was one‐tenth of the transit time cutoff frequency. A signal tagging scheme was developed to detect these high‐frequency signals that would otherwise be obscured by high crosstalk levels. The measured frequency response of the VFT indicates that the transresistance signal is present at frequencies greater than one‐tenth of the transit time cutoff frequency. Thus, the VFT is a viable active device candidate for rf superconducting electronic systems.


ABSTRACT This article explores the history of school gardens in educational projects linked to four scholars at Teachers College (Bigelow, Dewey, Kilpatrick and Carney) during the early twentieth century. It concludes that gardening activities were designed primarily for urban children who lacked experience in farming. The role of gardening in experimental schools in the North is compared with proposals for rural schools in the Midwest and for segregated schools for Black youth in the South. Various logics are identified by analysing the educational arguments used to promote or dismiss school gardening, and the rationales for educating or retaining a certain type of labour force. A combination of these arguments appears in Dewey's vindication of the emergency production of foodstuffs during the First World War. The different logics point to the paradox connecting the themes of a 'return to nature' and 'love of labour' as constants in the school gardening discourse.


While the nineteenth century is a period that generally witnessed Persian's longue durée of decline in post-Mughal South Asia, it is also one in which Persian literary culture reconstituted itself in multiple ways that allowed participants to remain invested in its production. This article focuses on one such environment in the nineteenth century—the court of the last Nawab of Arcot (d. 1855). It highlights the development of Persian literary culture at Arcot, its promotion by the last Nawab through an exclusive Persian poetry society and the personal clashes and poetic rivalries that beset debates around Persian poetry. It demonstrates how Persian literary culture not only remained an important part of the Arcot court's cultural milieu but also how its poetic debates remained connected to larger issues vexing poets elsewhere in the Persianate world, in particular around the questions of 'who speaks for Persian' and 'what constitutes the Persian canon'.


Lower bounds of the energy eigenvalues of systems containing identical particles were obtained by a generalization of the method of Calogero and Marchioro [J. Math. Phys. 10, 562 (1969)].


The synoptic scale climate drivers El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events can alter seasonal climate across south eastern (SE) Australia, but their influence on inter-annual variability of pasture production has not been fully described. Two indices were used to classify ENSO and IOD into three phases each in winter-spring period during 1950-2015. Statistical differences between ENSO and IOD phases (individually and combined) and annual pasture production, simulated at five sites (Wagga Wagga, Dookie, Hamilton, Ellinbank and Elliott) using DairyMod, were analysed using ANOVA. Mean annual pasture yields were substantially lower during El-Niño (EN) years at Wagga Wagga (7 t DM/ha.yr) and Dookie (6.4 t DM/ha.yr) than neutral and La-Niña (LN) years (~10 t DM/ha.yr) Similarly, IOD(+) years had lower yields at Wagga Wagga, Dookie and Elliott but not at Hamilton and Ellinbank. When combined ENSO-IOD phases were examined, the highest yields resulted when the LN phases coincided with IOD(-) or neutral, whilst the EN with IOD(+) phases led to the lowest yields. Analysis of sliding sixmonth windows revealed that yield difference started to emerge in March to August. This analysis highlights the importance of including combinations of large scale climate drivers to forecast pasture production with greater lead time.


Italian Renaissance, and react against the dominant international functionalism that has too little respect for the local cultural contexts. It is under the influence of this &dquo;vernacular&dquo; 1 approach that the small traditional structure became as legitimate an object of research as the well-known buildings. This approach, innovative and audacious as it was, broke with a utopian vision of a large part of modern architecture. It led the architects concerned to turn


In comparison to general psychiatric patients and normal controls, chronic schizophrenics displayed greater reactivity to conditions of sensory deprivation and sensory overload. Overall, their performance conformed to an inverted-U-shaped function of arousal whereby deviations in sensory input, above or below a rather narrow range, produced increased regulatory behavior designed to restore sensory homeostasis.


Carbon-supported metal catalysts have been investigated with the use of Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) for the first time. In order to successfully pretreat such catalysts, obtain IR spectra, and characterize these highly opaque materials, one must make extensive modifications of DRIFTS cells, commercial or otherwise. These modifications include the arrangements for capability and ease of sample height adjustment from outside the spectrometer chamber, the improvement of the thermal performance of the cell to provide high temperatures in flowing H2, the accurate measurement of sample temperature, and the guarantee of adequate gas flows through the catalyst bed. These capabilities are essential for proper in situ investigations of catalysts. This improved DRIFTS cell was used to follow the thermal decomposition of carbon-supported Os3(CO)12 for the first time. The cluster transformed rapidly in flowing H2 to a more stable H4Os4(CO)12 terra-nuclear cluster, similar to the reaction in solution, which then further decomposed at higher temperatures. The spectrum of CO adsorbed on carbon-supported Os crystallites after complete decomposition was also obtained, and it showed the presence of only reduced metallic Os. These findings provide the first IR evidence for the relative inertness of oxygen-free carbon, compared to oxide supports, towards the formation of stable, positive-valent Os species. In order to facilitate the effective use of DRIFTS for characterization of opaque materials in general, our modifications to a commercial DRIFTS cell are described and representative spectra are shown.


Thermal shrinkage of highly hot-drawn and quenched poly(methyl methacrylate) and polycarbonate of bisphenol A were measured. PMMA shows three-step thermal shrinkage under suitable experimental conditions above its glass transition temperature (Tg). Polycarbonate exhibits four kinds of molecular relaxation associated with shrinkage around and above its Tg. The effect of hot-drawing and quenching conditions on shrinking behavior is discussed. Almost all of the molecular relaxations are observed above Tg. The molecular origins of the relaxations are discussed in relation with the so-called T11 transitions of polymers.


1. INSTRUCTION In contrast to existing techniques that offload complex computations to the cloud server which has infinite resources, the proposed technique offloads to the smart phone which has finite resources. Thus, we have to consider that a smartphone can perform the complex computation instead of a smart watch based on the smartphone's state such as energy consumption, process delay and side-effect of other processes. For this reason, in the proposed technique, both the smart watch and smartphone have a component for offloading decision in contrast with other existing technique [1]. We also propose two algorithms, which are applied to offloading decision component of each devices for accurate decision.


The effect of magnetic equipment for ferromagnetic antiscale on the water quality was studied using a home made apparatus of ferromagnetic antiscale,which simulated the material,shape,heat conducting process,heating temperature and water flow state of the water mixing system in KenDong station(KD521) of GuDong oil field.An optimal ferromagnetic syale inhibition device suitable to KD521 water mixing system was selected.The antiscale rate of ferromagnetic system was about 70% as compared with that of blank system.In oil field,the antiscaling effect was even better.


There are currently a number of initiatives under development to improve the service provided for people with diabetes in the Morecambe Bay area. At present, the implications of the fragmentation of primary care trusts are unknown, but Dr Simon Wetherell, general practitioner (GP) at Queen Square, Lancaster, describes the development of diabetic services, in particular the service for eye screening, as they have prospered under the care of the now defunct Morecambe Bay Primary Care Trust (MBPCT).


The purpose of this thesis is to provide an exposition of the modular theory of von Neumann algebras. The motivation of the theory is to classify and describe von Neumann algebras which do not admit a trace, and in particular, type III factors. We replace traces with weights, and for a von Neumann algebraM which admits a weight φ, we show the existence of an automorphic action σ : R→ Aut(M). After showing the existence of these actions we can discuss the crossed product construction, which will then allow us to study the structure of the algebra.


The present invention is a low density parity check: the (LDPC Low Density Parity Check) code 0, the information data in the signal transmission method in a communication system in correspondence to the first coding rate to be applied when generating a LDPC code with the information data using a insert, and by the 0-inserted signal corresponding to the first parity check matrix to generate encoded by the LDPC code, and remove the inserted zero in the LDPC code. A variable-coding rate QC-LDPC code, a short way, zero insertion, zero removal


Distribution of Nd and Pr between (LnA)/sup -/ solution (where A/sup -/ is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and cation was studied in order to determine the effects of resin absorbed complex on the ion exchange process. It was found that under dynamic conditions the absorption of complexes by resin and the K Pr/ Nd separation differ greatly from theoretical data and the ion separation of rare earths is strongly affected by side reactions, especially, by absorption reaction of anion complex (LnA)- by a cation. (R.V.J.)


Grounded theory approach (GTA) is a qualitative research method that generates a theory based on the grounded-on-data analysis. From the onset, this approach, which is widely known in human service areas and internationally, has inherent ambiguities with regard to coding ; this reflects the contrasting educational backgrounds of Glaser and Strauss who studied at Columbia and Chicago, respectively. This paper discusses the actual collaboration process of the two sociologists in developing the GTA. In addition, the main characteristics of the GTA-the concurrent processes of data collection and analysis, theoretical uniqueness of the grounded theory, and theorization of everyday practices in human services-are critically examined.GTA is an exceptional sociological research method that has attracted a wide interest not in sociology but in applied areas. An important question that arises is with reference to the implications of this phenomenon for contemporary sociology. Sociology, which conventionally crosses the boundaries of other disciplines, is now itself being studied by researchers in human service areas. Partly due to the GTA, research conducted on sociology and human services are to be compared and examined, and thereby new possibilities of interdisciplinary dialogue emerge.


We show that if a C°°-solution u(x, t) of heat equation in jR+ does not increase faster thanexp[e(—-f|jc|)] then its boundary value determines a unique Fourier hyperfunction. Also, we prove the decomposition theorem for the Fourier hyper functions. These results generalize the theorems of T. Kawai and T. Matsuzawa for Fourier hyperfunctions and solve a question given by A. Kaneko. § 0. Introduction T. Kawai and T. Matsuzawa have shown in [10, 15] that the boundary value of a C°°-solution of heat equation in Rf which does not increase faster than exp(s/t) is a well-defined hyperfunction. However, little is known about the characterization of a solution whose boundary value determines a Fourier hyperfunction near a characteristic boundary point. The purpose of this paper is to discuss this problem, that is, if a C°°-solution U(x, t) satisfies some growth condition (see (2.2)) then we can assign a unique compactly supported Fourier hyperfunction u(x) to U(x, t). Furthermore we can find such a Fourier tame solution U(x9 t) of heat equation for any compactly supported Fourier hyperfunction u(x). To show this, we use the estimate for the heat kernel in [15] and structure theorems of ultradistributions given in [11, 13]. We use the multi-index notations such as |a| =a1-\ \-an, d*=d^ d**"d%», d.=d/dxj for a=(al9 a2, ••, aJeJVS where NQ is the set of nonnegative Communicated by T. Kawai, February 10, 1992. Revised March 30 and July 6, 1992. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 46F20, 46F15, 35K05 * Department of Mathematics Education, Jeonju University, Jeonju 560-759, Korea ** Department of Mathematics, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Korea *** Department of Mathematics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea Research partially supported by KOSEF and GARC. 290 KWANG WHOI KIM, SOON-YEONG CHUNG AND DOHAN KIM integers, and 0, =0/0f. § 1. Complex and Real Versions of Fourier Hyperfiinetions First, we are going to introduce the complex and real versions of Fourier hyperfunctions and show their equivalence. We denote by D the compactification R*\J S^ of R, where ST is an (n— l)-dimensional sphere at infinity. When x is a vector in R\ {0} , we denote by #00 the point on S~~ which is represented by x, where we identify S' with R\{0}/R. The space D* is given the natural topology, that is: (i) If a point x of D belongs to R, a fundamental system of neighborhoods of x is the set of all open balls containing the point x. (ii) If a point x^D belongs to S^, a fundamental system of neighborhoods of x (=y°°) is given by the following family "; x/\x\ el, \x\>A} U where 2 is a neighborhood of y in S*". Definition 1.1. Let K be a compact set in .D*. We say that 0 is in 3(K) if 0 e C°°(«0 n J2) for any neighborhood @ of K and if there are positive constants h and fc such that We say that 0y->0 in £F(JT) as7"->oo if there are positive constants h and such that sup J _ LJ^lLexp k\x\->0 as j->oo 3 a where Q is any neighborhood of K. We denote by 3'(K) the strong dual space of 3(K) and call its elements Fourier hyperfunctions carried by K. Definition L2o We say that 0 (z) is in Q (K) if 0 (z) is holomorphic in a neighborhood of Q r\R+i{\ y\ 0 and if for some sup * + i{. where J2 is a neighborhood of JT in D. FOURIER HYPERFUNCTION AS BOUNDARY VALUE 291 Remark. Let K be a compact subset of D. Then for any neighborhood of K in D there exists a neighborhood F of K in JD* such that for some where UB= {x t(x) = Then t&Q(D ) and t-^ in 3(K) as Proof. Let 0e£F(^T). Then we can easily show that 0, is in Q(D). There are positive constants C, h, k and d such that (1.1) sup \d« (x)\ 0


Using the methods of questionnaire investigation,discussion and visiting,the authors researched the types of career anchors of software engineers in IT companies,indicated that software engineers'first type of career anchor was lifestyle,as the Pure Challenge\Entrepreneurial Creativity\ Technical Function followed behind.After that we tested the relationship of the job satisfaction and the career anchors.Remarkable contribution was found between pure challenge and all facets of job satisfaction.In the new staffs' recruiting,the software engineers who experienced pure challenge would be very satisfied with job,and make more contribution.


ResultsThe words 'being depressed' in the phrase 'Being depressed was a strong predictor of the 2-year surgery outcome.' is unclear and does not make clear at what time points 'being depressed' was a predictor. Please clarify This has now been clarified, as requested. ConclusionA period must be added after the word 'outcome' in line 2 of the conclusions section of the abstract Considered and done. Manuscriptp. 6, line 5How was self-reported walking capacity reported and recorded? Please clarify or reference A question regarding self-reported walking capacity was included in the study questionnaire. The patients gave an estimate of their walking capacity in metres by answering the question (in Finnish): How long a distance can you walk continuously without pausing on even ground?


Background The growing studies reports that the genes participating in repairing of DNA double-strand breaks may be cancer-susceptibility genes. Rs1805377 (A>G) is a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the x-ray cross-complementing group 4 (XRCC4) gene that may be involved in the etiology of cancer. However, no conclusive results can be determined from individually published studies. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to examine the association between XRCC4 rs1805377 polymorphism and cancer risk.Methods The potential literatures were searched using three online electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science). The available studies were included according to the inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis were performed to explore the association between XRCC4 rs1805377 locus and the risk of cancer. Additionally, we also performed subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis.Results Twenty-three studies were included in our meta-analysis. It contained 9,433 cancer patients and 10,337 healthy controls. The pooled results showed that there was no association between rs1805377 and the risk of cancer. Under the dominant model, the final pooled odds ratios (ORs) was 1.115 (95% confidence intervals: 0.956-1.301; P = 0.165) in a random effects model without the statistical significance. The subgroup analysis by ethnicity and source of controls also didn't find that rs1805377 polymorphism was related to cancer occurrence. In the subgroup by type of cancers, the significant association was only found in gastric antrum adenocarcinoma.Conclusions our meta-analysis suggested that there was no association between rs1805377 polymorphism and cancer occurrence. It may provide useful information for the relevant studies on the etiology of cancer in future.


We present an environmentally-stable Er-fiber oscillator generating 30-MHz pulses with a tunability of as wide as 40 nm. Within the tuning range, the pulses have a duration of ~1 ps and time-bandwidth product of ~0.4.


Sustainability as a multidisciplinary concept has been introduced and developed for over twenty years, and its principles have been well recognized by engineering professionals, especially in environmental-related fields. However, it remains challenging for most engineering educators to engage students with such a concept in their traditional technical courses. It is even more challenging to prepare students for integrating the sustainability principles into their engineering design process since it requires knowledge, training and practice. In our engineering program, senior engineering students are required to prepare their senior design proposals in a fall semester and complete the project in the following spring semester. The topics of senior design projects are chosen by students, not professors. Since last year, each team is required to evaluate the project from a sustainability point of view in the final report. Accordingly, a new approach is proposed in this paper to enhance students' understanding of sustainable engineering design principles and to help them synthesize sustainability concepts already introduced in previous courses. This new process starts right after the students select the project topic and form in teams. A six-factor table proposed by Pawley et al. is introduced to the students. This framework is used to evaluate an engineering project at the early stage on six factors, i.e. systems, time, energy, modeling, people and scale. Each team uses the framework as an anchor to identify the sustainability related opportunities and potential issues with the topic the team selects. Then an integrated sustainable engineering design process is adopted which includes eight more tasks in addition to the thirteen tasks required in a traditional engineering design process. Consequently, each team is required to develop a sustainable engineering design flowchart that specifically ties to the team project. For an assessment purpose, preand postanonymous student surveys are developed and implemented. The results on Likert-scale and multiple choice questions are analyzed and discussed.


The versatile video coding (VVC) standard offers improved coding efficiency compared to the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard in multimedia signal coding. However, this increased efficiency comes at the cost of increased coding complexity. This work proposes an efficient coding unit partitioning algorithm based on an extreme learning machine (ELM), which can reduce the coding complexity while ensuring coding efficiency. Firstly, the coding unit size decision is modeled as a classification problem. Secondly, an ELM classifier is trained to predict the coding unit size. In the experiment, the proposed approach is verified based on the VVC reference model. The results show that the proposed method can reduce coding complexity significantly, and good image quality can be obtained.


The incidence of follicular lymphoma (FL) has almost doubled from the 1970s to the 21st century.1 A survey conducted by the large collaborative group, InterLymph, revealed a number of FL risk factors.1 An increase in FL risk was reported for individuals who had a first-degree relative with NHL (odds ratio [OR]: 1.99); had a greater BMI as a young adult (OR: 1.15); worked as spray painters (OR: 2.66); or had Sjögren's syndrome (OR: 3.37). Conversely, FL risk was reduced in individuals who had asthma, hay fever, or food allergy (OR: 0.79–0.85); had undergone blood transfusions (OR: 0.78); or had high recreational sun exposure (OR: 0.74).1 At the genetic level, a strong association was found between high levels of t(14;18) translocation in prediagnostic blood samples from apparently MANAGEMENT OF B-CELL LYMPHOMA: WHERE ARE WE NOW AND WHERE ARE WE GOING? This symposium took place on 15th June 2017, as part of the 14th International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma (ICML) in Lugano, Switzerland


sence in the blood and necessarily also in the various tissues, of elements coming from the internal secretion of all parts; it is not surprising, therefore, to find that any organ can give a liquid which might in a measure be used in place of any other. 5. When we know how great, how various are the morbid, physical, or dynamic alterations the nervous system can produce, it is easy to understand that what it can do in one way it can also do in just the opposite way, so as to reestablish the normal state physically and dynamically. This may serve to explain the extreme variety of favourable effects that may be due to certain liquids which increase considerably (as is proved) the power of, action of the cerebro-spinal centres.


The RHIC polarized H− ion source is being upgraded to higher intensity (5-10 mA) and polarization for use in the RHIC polarization physics program at enhanced luminosity RHIC operation. The higher beam peak intensity will allow reduction of the transverse beam emittance at injection to AGS to reduce polarization losses in AGS. There is also a planned RHIC luminosity upgrade by using the electron beam lens to compensate the beam-beam interaction at collision points. This upgrade is also essential for future BNL plans for a high-luminosity electron – proton (ion) Collider eRHIC.


Objective: To set up a rapid and economic method for distinguishing Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius.Method: The Internal Transcribed Spacer sequences of P.ostreatus and P.pulmonarius were downloaded from GenBank,aligned by ClustalX,and then the specific primers,1F(5′-GATAGATCTGTGAAGTCGTC-3′),1R(5′-TCACAATTGGAAAGAAACC-3′) and 2R(5′-TGCGTGCTATTGATGAGTGA-3′), were designed by Primer 3.After the PCR amplification,it was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis.Result: Amplified with this set of primers,there were two bands,342bp and 459bp,in all the five strain of P.ostreatus,and a 446bp band in all the four strain of P.pulmonarius.Conclusion: This set of primers was suit for distinguishing between P.ostreatus and P.pulmonarius.


In this paper, we explore the concept of restrained weakly connected independent domination in graphs. In particular, we characterized the restrained weakly connected independent dominating sets in the join of graphs and obtain the restrained weakly connected independent domination numbers. A connected graph is constructed with a given weakly connected independent domination number, restrained weakly connected independent domination number, and maximum weakly connected independent domination number. Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C69


Objective To study the mechanism of insulin resistance in scalding mice.Method 40 mice with 30% TBSA Ⅲ° scalding were randomly divided into scalding control group(n=20) and scalding treatment group(which were treated with TNF α McAb,n=20).The changes of the ability of glucose uptake of the muscle with and without insulin treatment were observed between above two groups.Results In scalding control group,the ability of glucose uptake of muscle of scalding mice increaed obviously,but that of the scalding mice with insulin treatment decreased markedly.In scalding treatment group,the ability of glucose uptake of muscle without insulin treatment reduced oubiously,and that in insulin treatment incresed markedly.Conclusions TNF α could enhance the ability of glucose uptake of muscle,but inhibites that in insulin treatment.TNF α plays an important role in the mechanism of insulin resistance in trauma.


Stress is an integral part of natural fabric of life. The present study conducted on the stress management ofsecondary school teachers. In the research procedure investigators has taken a sample of 100 teachers at secondary level schools of Sonepat district (HARYANA), out of which 50 working in Government and 50 working in Non -Government schools with using random sampling techniques. Stress Management inventory developed by Dr. Vanadana Kaushik (Udaipur) and Dr. Namarata Arora Charpe (Banasthali) is used. It is found that there is a significant difference between stress management of Government and Non Government secondary school teachers.


In this study, three new types of demountable connections, consisting of reinforced concrete columns and steel beams, are proposed, and their seismic performance is investigated through the use of cyclic loading tests. The test results reveal that these three demountable RCS joints show good seismic performance, in which the ductility coefficients of specimens RCS-1 and RCS-2 are improved by 69% and 109%, respectively, compared with the reference group of RCS-0 specimens. Various parameters, such as the beam flange thickness, bolt strength, and connecting steel strength, were analyzed using the finite element software ABAQUS 2021 to determine the effect of these parameters on the seismic performance and behavior of the connections. The results also show that the three demountable RCS joints are very sensitive to the variation in beam flange steel thickness, while the connector steel strength and bolt type have very little effect on the joint load-carrying capacity. In addition, different current theoretical approaches for calculating the shear bearing capacity in the panel zone of joints are discussed.


Three new chitosan crown ethers, N-Schiff base-type chitosan crown ethers (I, III), and N-secondary amino type chitosan crown ether (II) were prepared. N-Schiff base-type chitosan crown ethers (I, III) were synthesized by the reaction of 4′-formylbenzo-21-crown-7 with chitosan or crosslinked chitosan. N-Secondary amino type chitosan-crown ether (II) was prepared through the reaction of N-Schiff base type chitosan crown ether (I) with sodium brohydride. Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and solid-state 13C NMR analysis. In the infrared spectra, characteristic peaks of CN stretch vibration appeared at 1636 cm−1 for I and 1652 cm−1 for II; characteristic peaks of NH stretch vibration appeared at 1570 cm−1 in II. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the peaks at 2θ = 10° and 28° disappeared in chitosan derivatives I and III, respectively; the peak at 2θ = 10° disappeared and the peak at 2θ = 28° decreased in chitosan-crown ether II; and the peak at 2θ = 20° decreased in all chitosan derivatives. In the solid-state 13C NMR, characteristic aromatic carbon appeared at 129 ppm in all chitosan derivatives, and the characteristic peaks of carbon in CN groups appeared at 151 ppm in chitosan crown ethers I and III. The adsorption and selectivity properties of I, II, and III for Pd2+, Au3+, Pt4+, Ag+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ were studied. Experimental results showed these adsorbents not only had good adsorption capacities for noble metal ions Pd2+, Au3+, Pt4+, and Ag+, but also high selectivity for the adsorption of Pd2+ with the coexistence of Cu2+ and Hg2+. Chitosan-crown ether II only adsorbs Hg2+ and does not adsorbs Cu2+ in an aqueous system containing Pd2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1886–1891, 2002


Lecturers are human resources (HR) who have an important role for the development of a tertiary institution. In creating these human resources, education and training are the most dominant factors in improving the performance of the lecturers concerned. This study discusses the impact between education variables and training variables. The data collection in this study used a questionnaire distribution technique (to the Permanent Lecturer of IBI Darmajaya) which was tested through an instrument test and then assisted in processing it using the Statistical  Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) Application Program. The results of the study indicate that the education and training variables are strategic variables to support the lecturers' performance. This education and training variable is strategic because it has a significant positive impact on performance. The reference of this research is to improve the quality of lecturer performance, the organization must first improve the education model and lecturer training model. Keywords — Education, Training, Strategic and Performance


INthe department of geology of Northwestern University the following appointments have been madc, to take effect on September 1, 1914: Joseph E. Pogne, of thc U. S. Geolcgiral Survey, to be associate professor of geology and mineralogy; William H. Raas, of the University of Chicago, to be instructor in geology and geography; Henry R. Aldrich, of the Mass a c l ~ ~ ~ s e t l s Institute of Technology, to be instructor in mining and metallurgy; John R. 13al1, of Nortllwestern University, to be assistant in geology. MR. F. E. E. I ; n ~ ~ r ~ o u c r r , of Trinity College, has been appointed demonstrator of chemistry in the University of Cambridge. Ih.D. T, G~VYNN~~-VA~TCIIAN, of ~ ~ ' O ~ C S S O T