Land molluscs became one of the most serious pests attacking many plants including ornamental plants. Occurrence of certain land gastropods associated with some ornamental plants at Kafr EL-Sheikh Governorate was conducted. Results revealed that the land snails, Eobania vermiculata and Succinea putris and the land slug Deroceras reticulatum were recorded on the tested plants. E vermiculata was the predominant species while the other identified gastropods showed lower infestation levels. Therefore ,the seasonal abundance of the predominant snail, E vermiculata was studied and results showed that the population of E vermiculata was increased during spring months (171.99 snails/ 1/2 m2) as compared to summer and autumn(149,34 and 59,33),respectively whereas the infestation was the least during winter (40.67 snails/ 1/2 m2). Malabar was superior among the tested plants since it attracted the highest number of snails with mean of (5.68 ± 1.56) snails/ 1/2 m2 followed by Hlibiscus, basil, kockia, DustyMiller, Manitoka and Royal palm, respectively. Both of Pricharida and Duranta were the least attractive to snails. Concerning the efficacy of certain pesticides against E vermiculata under field conditions, Data revealed that Agrinate was more toxic to snails than the other pesticides, since it achieved the highest reduction  percentage of snail population of  (69.03 ± 7.2  ) % followed by Vicarb with reduction of (55.87 ± 6.8)% while Uphold was the least in this respect with reduction percentage of (25.41±2.6)%.


The initial-boundary value problems of the Navier-Stokes equations are solved by means of a fractional step approach. The equations are split into Euler equations with no diffusion term and diffusion equations with no convection term within each time step, and then the convergence of the approximate solutions is proved. Unlike the conventional approach, we apply nonhomogeneous diffusion equations instead of homogeneous ones. This paper, where linearized equations are considered, is the first one of a series of papers.


The method of two points was used for the calculation of the reflection and transmission of electromagnetic wave with arbitrary incident angle in nonuniform plasma layer of arbitrary direction of magnetization.By constructing the physical model of arbitrary layered media,the governing equations of electromagnetic wave and the boundary conditions were given.On the assumption that the electromagnetic wave neet plumb or parallel the plane of incidence,the sub program of IMSL(International Mathematics and Statistics Library) BCPFD was used to calculate the numerical results.The numerical results show that when the normalized frequency is below 1.3,most of the waves are reflected.And when the normalized frequency is above 1.3,most of the waves are transmitted.


The present study aims to employ an electrocoagulation reactor containing concentric-aluminum-tubes as electrodes for total organic carbon (TOC) removal from real oily wastewater released from drilling sites located in West Qurna-Iraq. Applied current ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 Amps and contact time ranges from 10 to 40 min had selected as the operational variables. Response surface methodology (RSM) type central composite design (CCD) and MINITAB-statistical soft program had performed to design experiments and analysis of the obtained results. The results showed significant removal of TOC (83.91%) at the optimal values of the operational parameters (1.606 Amps and 40 min). Moreover, the present design of the electrocoagulation reactor was more reliable and cost-effective that could be used in practice efficiently.


Objective To explore the clinical significance of the detection of CA125 in peritoneal dialysis patients with chronic renal failure. Methods Seventy-six peritoneal dialysis patients with chronic renal failure from May 2007 to June 2014 were selected and divided into treatment group( n = 36,with peritonitis) and control group( n = 40,without peritonitis). The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of CA125 in dialysate. The 4 h peritoneal equilibration test( 4h D/Pcr) was applied to assess the peritoneal transport function and its relationship with CA125 levels. Results Before treatment,the CA125 concentration in treatment group and control group was( 49. 51 ± 17. 21) × 103,( 11. 41 ± 9. 24) ×103U·L- 1respectively; there was statistic difference of CA125 concentration between the two groups( P 0. 01). The CA125 concentration at one month after peritonitis was cured in treatment group was( 14. 72 ± 10. 32) × 103U·L- 1; there was statistic difference compared with before treatment( P 0. 01); but there was no statistic difference compared with control group( P 0. 05). There was no statistic difference of dialysate CA125 level among peritoneum high transferrer,high average transferrer,low average transferrer and low transferrer( F = 1. 412,P 0. 05). The Spearman linear correlation result showed that there was no correlation between CA125 level and 4h D / Pcr( r = 0. 004 8,P 0. 05). Conclusions The CA125 concentrations in dialysate can reflect the peritoneal mesothelium cell number and its function of chronic renal failure patients who underwent peritoneal dialysis. The changes of the CA125 concentration in dialysate of chronic renal failure patients who underwent continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis have certain clinical value in judging the prognosis of peritonitis,evaluation of peritoneal transport function.


Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 are chaperones that play a crucial role in cellular homeostasis and differentiation, but they may be implicated in carcinogenesis. Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid include follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. The former is a very frequent benign encapsulated nodule, whereas the other is a nodule that infiltrates the capsule, blood vessels and the adjacent parenchyma, with a tendency to metastasize. The main objective was to assess the potential of the Hsps in differential diagnosis and carcinogenesis. We quantified by immunohistochemistry Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 on thin sections of human thyroid tissue with follicular adenoma or follicular carcinoma, comparing the tumor with the adjacent peritumoral tissue. Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 were increased in follicular carcinoma compared to follicular adenoma, while Hsp27 showed no difference. Histochemical quantification of Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 allows diagnostic distinction between follicular adenoma and carcinoma, and between tumor and adjacent non-tumoral tissue. The quantitative variations of these chaperones in follicular carcinoma suggest their involvement in tumorigenesis, for instance in processes such as invasion of thyroid parenchyma and metastasization.


Biomass reflects the state of forest management and is critical for assessing forest benefits and carbon storage. The effective crown is the region above the lower limit of the forest crown that includes the maximum vertical distribution density of branches and leaves; this component plays an important role in tree growth. Adding the effective crown to biomass equations can enhance the accuracy of the derived biomass. Six sample plots in a larch plantation (ranging in area from 0.06 ha to 0.12 ha and in number of trees from 63 to 96) at the Mengjiagang forest farm in Huanan County, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, China, were analyzed in this study. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was used to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data on the trees, from which crown parameters at different heights were extracted. These parameters were used to determine the position of the effective crown. Moreover, effective crown parameters were added to biomass equations with tree height as the sole variable to improve the accuracy of the derived individual-tree biomass estimates. The results showed that the minimum crown contact height was very similar to the effective crown height, and an increase in model accuracy was apparent (with

 R
 a
 2

 increasing from 0.846 to 0.910 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) decreasing from 0.372 kg to 0.286 kg). The optimal model for deriving biomass included tree height, crown length from minimum contact height, crown height from minimum contact height, and crown surface area from minimum contact height. The novelty of the article is that it improves the fit of individual-tree biomass models by adding crown-related variables and investigates how the accuracy of biomass estimation can be enhanced by using remote sensing methods without obtaining diameter at breast height.


This study aims to describe the problem of learning English in terms of internal factors and external factors in STAIN Bengkalis students. The researcher formulated the problem in the form of: a) how the description of the problem of learning English in terms of internal factors in STAIN Bengkalis students ?; b) how is the description of English learning problems seen externally in STAIN Bengkalis students? The research sample amounted to 310 respondents. Respondents were chosen randomly by simple random sampling technique. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Before data collection, the instrument has been tested for validity and reliability for the validity of the data collected. The results of the study show; the picture of the problem of learning English is seen in terms of internal factors in STAIN Bengkalis students which are influenced by (1) attitudes towards learning; (2) learning motivation; (3) concentration of learning; (4) intelligence and learning success; (5) study habits; (6) ability to process learning materials and (7) ability to achieve. The description of English learning problems seen in terms of external factors in STAIN Bengkalis students is influenced by educators, namely lecturers who teach English that are less varied in teaching. Respondents were very aware that learning English was a necessity because English became an international language. From the questionnaire distributed to respondents the internal factors are more dominant in success in learning. Key words : Problems; learning; English.


The increasing popularity of Machine Learning (ML) is generating challenges also for developers. The multitude of programming languages, libraries and available resources allow them to easily build their own models or algorithms. However, ML models are tightly connected to their data implying a different development process from other types of software. Software projects often rely on version control platforms, such as GitHub, but these platforms have not yet been extended to support ML projects. There is poor support for data versioning and no link between ML and software artifacts. Thus, traceability and model evolution can become challenging for developers. While some specific ML platforms exist, they still require considerable manual specification of ML artifacts and links between them. In this work, we propose a framework for automatic identification and traceability of links between data, code and ML model through Mining Software Repositories (MSR) techniques. Our tool combines static code analysis and mining commit data to identify ML, code and data artifacts, reconstruct links between them and retrieve commits that affect each end of the link. The objective is to increase productivity and the developers' awareness of their project through the recovered traceability.


Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of mortality among women, responsible for 5% of all cancer deaths in women in the USA. Remarkable evidence exists of the relationship between the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and cancer progression. Interestingly, recent data suggest that adrenergic signaling alters genetic integrity of cancer cells by damaging the DNA and/or influencing the DNA Damage Response and Repair pathways. In addition, previous data suggest that increased adrenergic stimulation from stress released catecholamines can lead to genomic instability in various in vitro models. Therefore, we hypothesized that increased adrenergic activity will induce DNA damage in ovarian cancer cell lines. To test this, ovarian cancer cells were exposed to catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) for 1h and 24h; then, double‐stranded damaged was assessed by Neutral Comet Assays and γH2AX foci formation. Results show that norepinephrine significantly increased foci formation and induced higher levels of double‐stranded DNA breaks in SKOV3, OV90 and COV362 cells when compared to control group. Lastly, to determine if DNA damage is due to adrenergic stimuli, cells were pretreated with propranolol (non‐specific β‐blocker) and results showed a significant reduction in DNA damage levels. These results suggest that catecholamines can induce double‐stranded DNA damage in ovarian cancer cells.


ii One of the largest aspects of being an effective teacher is classroom management. This paper describes experts' views on the behaviors and characteristics that lead to a teacher having effective classroom management skills. In March of 2009, a survey was conducted asking students enrolled in technology and engineering courses at a northeastern Wisconsin high school to rate twenty-six characteristics and behaviors of effective classroom management on a modified Likert scale of very important to unimportant. The study tried to answer two questions: Which teacher behaviors and characteristics do students deem to be the most important in creating an effective classroom? How does grade level, gender, and grade point average impact the students' views on certain characteristics and


Advocate Health Care is one of the few remaining integrated delivery systems outside of California that manages global capitation and fee-for-service reimbursement while providing a continuum of high-quality patient care.


Through collaborative working, staff engagement, grassroots input, culture change and leadership support, the Greater West Programme rose to the challenge of 'delivering environmental benefits and ...


The following topics are discussed: repetitive pulse cold cathode technology in system applications, grid controlled cold cathode guns: analysis and calculations, grid controlled cold cathode guns; measurements; and conceptual design for a 7.5-kW beam power cold cathode gun.


ABSTRACT This article examines the multifaceted political and cultural meanings of electrical supply and technologies in a context of recent loss of an empire and a contested nation-building process. It explores how some Spanish engineers employed electricity to articulate a nationalist modernism that saw electricity as a secure path to development and industrialization, particularly following the final collapse of the overseas empire in 1898. At a time in which several groups confronted the challenges of Spanish modernization and the reconfiguration of post-imperial national identity, electricity became involved in several socio-technical (and energy) imaginaries as well as in techno-political strategies. However, conceptions of how the new 'electrified' future should look like varied greatly, especially when dealing with the specifics of designing large-scale electrical infrastructures. Given the diverse professional, social, and political outlooks of the different Spanish engineering communities, mobilisations of electricity were inscribed within complex and evolving social and political agendas. This article highlights the need to understand electrification – and by extension, energy transitions – as a contingent process that must be adapted to pre-existing political and socio-cultural forms to ensure the most socially inclusive and culturally nuanced account of its heterogeneity.


The settling of colloidal particles with short-ranged attractions is investigated via highly resolved immersed boundary simulations. At modest volume fractions, we show that inter-colloid attractions lead to clustering that reduces the hinderance to settling imposed by fluid back flow. For sufficient attraction strength, increasing the particle concentration grows the particle clusters, which further increases the mean settling rate in a physical mode termed promoted settling. The immersed boundary simulations are compared to recent experimental measurements of the settling rate in nanoparticle dispersions for which particles are driven to aggregate by short-ranged depletion attractions. The simulations are able to quantitatively reproduce the experimental results. We show that a simple, empirical model for the settling rate of adhesive hard sphere dispersions can be derived from a combination of the experimental and computational data as well as analytical results valid in certain asymptotic limits of the concentration and attraction strength. This model naturally extends the Richardson-Zaki formalism used to describe hindered settling of hard, repulsive spheres. Experimental measurements of the collective diffusion coefficient in concentrated solutions of globular proteins are used to illustrate inference of effective interaction parameters for sticky, globular macromolecules using this new empirical model. Finally, application of the simulation methods and empirical model to other colloidal systems are discussed.


Abstmct-The thermal waves that are generated in connection with the photoacoustic and photothermal effect can be used to probe microscopic features of various solid-state samples. Even relatively low frequency thermal waves can be useful for nondestructive testing.


Shewhart charts are widely used in quality management,are effective in detecting big transient changes,but not particularly effective in detecting less-than-massive persistent changes in process average.CUSUM charts are effective in detecting less-than-massive persistent changes,but not particularly effective in detecting big transient changes in process average.The two kinds of charts are simultaneously adopted to detect changes in process average in this article,incorporating advantages and overcoming disadvantages of CUSUM and Shewhart charts.In some certain conditions,proposes a new chart——mixture chart of CUSUM and Shewhart,its effect is better than the any one of the two charts.


This case study presents FITC's evidence based application of ISPI's 10 Standards of Performance Improvement and theoretical insights from the author's doctoral dissertation to preposition a special purpose not for profit professional services organization in Africa. It describes the FITC mandate, FITC's trajectory and impact on identified stakeholders; reviews the various initiatives taken by FITC from May 2009 to May 2014, with a highlight of results attained. Thus, enabling the reader draw personal connections with interventions articulated in the organization. Consultants, Practitioners and Academics in the field of Performance Improvement, as well as those aspiring to these roles, would find this case study interesting.


The surface properties of gemini surfactant aqueous solution,referred to as dimeric sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate DSDBS-x,where x was the carbon numbers of the spacer(x=2 and 6),were investigated by using the determinations of surface tension,conductivity and freeze-fracture-transmission-electron-microscopy(FF-TEM) method.It was found that the critical micelle concentration(CMC) at 30℃ for DSDBS-2 and DSDBS-6 were 1.3×10-5 and 2.5×10-5 mol/L,respectively,and their micelle structures were more compact than that of corresponding conventional monomer sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS).With DSDBS concentration increased more than four times of its CMC,the solution conductivity deviated from the expected linear relationship as the consequence of spheroidal micelles transferring into rod-micelles.Furthermore,the influence of NaCl on the surface excess concentration(ΓCMC) of DSDBS-6 was stronger than that of DSDBS-2,owing to the former's longer carbon chain bending toward to interface easily.


Multi-Relational Data Mining or MRDM is a growing research area focuses on discovering hidden patterns and useful knowledge from relational databases. While the vast majority of data mining algorithms and techniques look for patterns in a flat single-table data representation, the sub-domain of MRDM looks for patterns that involve multiple tables (relations) from a relational database. This subdomain has received an increased research attention during the last two decades due to the wide range of possible applications. As a result of that growing attention, many successful multi-relational data mining algorithms and techniques were presented. This chapter presents a comprehensive review about multi-relational data mining. It discusses the different approaches researchers have followed to explore the relational search space while highlighting some of the most significant challenges facing researchers working in this sub-domain. The chapter also describes number of MRDM systems that have been developed during the last few years and discusses some future research directions in this sub-domain.


Taxes are one of the sources of state funds that provide the greatest contribution to developing the country. Many years have been done through the improvement of the law, the issue of tax compliance is an important issue throughout the world, both developed and developing countries.
Research conducted by the author uses an experimental method and a qualitative approach that is observing to find research data that aims to make a systematic picture.
Based on the results of this study it can be seen that with the number of questionnaires distributed as many as 20 questionnaires, the results obtained that with the e-billing procedure respondents agreed that these procedures can facilitate taxpayers with a percentage obtained by 44% for the agreed answer. For the implementation of e-Billing, the percentage obtained by 41% for agreed answers means that the implementation of e-Billing ¬ is quite easy for taxpayers to conduct payment transactions and tax reporting. Whereas the level of compliance of taxpayers gets a percentage of 43%, which indicates that the implementation of e-billing can improve taxpayer compliance.


Objective To investigate the value of tissue Doppler imaging(TDI) Tei index in the evaluation of fetal ventricular function in the second trimester of pregnancy.MethodDoppler waveforms of the left ventricular and right ventricular outflow tracts in 68 fetuses between 13 to 27 weeks gestation were detected by TDI.The isovolumic contraction time and isovolumic relaxation time and ejection time were measured.The Tei index was calculated with the formula,and the relationship between it and heart rate,gestational age were analyzed.ResultsThe Tei index in left and right ventricle of normal fetus were 0.36±0.09,0.35±0.10 respectively,which were correlated with each other(r=0.436,P0.01).There were no significant correlation between the Tei index and heart rate,gestation age.ConclusionTie index can be easily obtained and reliable to assess systolic and diastolic function without being affected by heart rate,gestational age,so may be useful to explore fetal myocardial function.


For the original article see ibid., vol.36, no.1, p.164-7 (1989). The commenter suggests a more generalized approach to the design problem of a class of time-constrained FIR digital filters reported by S.-C. Pei and I.-I. Yang. >


AC chopper regulator to control the voltage of technology is a new type of high-performance technical exchange regulator,in the field of small and medium-sized exchange regulator is widely available.This article is designed to exchange the chopper used with current and voltage phase detection of non-complementary control,through PI regulator,Regulate the pulse width,thus forming a closed-loop control system,the ultimate realization of a chopper in the opening IGBT control,to achieve the objective of a stable output voltage.This paper analyzes the main circuit of the basic working principle,control systems and models of hardware and software design.Experimental results show that it has good performance in harmonic voltage suppression.


This article is a result of qualitative research and characterized as documentary. It aims to present and understand, from a historical perspective, how the programs of initiation to teaching have been constituted in a national teacher training politic, as well as the role that the programs have played in the context of initial teacher formation. The process of idealization and implementation of a national politic of initiation to teaching is constituted from two public programs promoted by the national agency (Ministry of Education and Culture MEC) and linked to institutions higher education approved in public notice. The first Institutional Initiation Scholarship Program teaching (Pibid) completed twelve years and the second Pedagogical Residency Program (PRP) is in its second year of implementation. In the results we were able to identify two main historical movements in the constitution of teaching initiation in Brazil, the first being linked to the approximation of the university and schools and the contributions of Pibid to the national politic of teacher formation and the second reflective movement on mandatory internships and the implementation of the PRP.


The valance engineering of β-MnO2via F-doping process triggers designing hierarchical spheres with interlaced nanosheets to accelerate electrochemical kinetics and capacity, ensuring superior high-rate aqueous zinc ion battery performances.


Automotive Fleet checks in with Donlen CEO Gary Rappeport a year after the company's sale to Hertz Global Holdings. one key takeaway was the discovery that the companies have much in common and are leveraging these synergies.


The treatment of eczema in the pediatric population can be a complex and dynamic process. A typical care plan may include over-the-counter and prescription topical agents, oral medications, as well as bathing and dietary recommendations. Inevitable disease fluctuations demand treatment modification and thus parental and patient confusion can easily occur. Unsurprisingly, adherence in eczema management is poor and has been reported to be as low as 32% with simple regimens.1

Similar to eczema, asthma is a fluctuating disease with evolving treatment plans. To address this, written asthma action plans provide an educational framework for disease self-management and are effective at improving adherence and decreasing exacerbations.2, 3 Previous studies have suggested that an individualized written Eczema Action Plan (EAP) has the potential to serve as a specific treatment guideline that addresses each patient's fluctuating treatment regimen.4,5 In this quality improvement study, we hypothesize that EAPs would be well-received by parents and improve their treatment confidence, particularly when managing eczema flares.


This is a brief narration of the creation of St. Clement's Ohrid ArchbishopricPatriarchate as the Macedonian Orthodox Church-Ohrid Archbishopric from ancient times to recent times. The author first returns to the founding of the first three Macedonian and, generally, European Christian churches in Philippi, Thessalonica, and Berea by the Apostle Paul and his associates around the middle of the first century, AD. Then, he proceeds to the creation of the autocephalous Archbishopric Justiniana Prima (534-545) by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in Skopje or in its surroundings. The work of the Holy Apostle Paul and Emperor Justinian I was continued by the Slavic brothers, Sts. Cyril and Methodius of Thessalonica and their closest disciples and associates, Sts. Clement and Naum of Ohrid. As a result of their church-educational and social work, when numerous churches and monasteries were built in Macedonia and autochthonous monasticism was founded, Emperor Samuil (9671014) created the so-called Prespa Metropolitanate or Archbishopric. Its autonomy was confirmed by Pope Gregory V. The emperor elevated the Archbishopric to the level of a patriarchate. When Samuil transferred the capital from Prespa to Ohrid, it was known as the Ohrid Patriarchate. After the collapse of Samuil's state (1018), the Byzantine emperor Basil I lowered the Church to a level of archbishopric. The Ohrid Archbishopric persisted for about eight centuries until 1767, when the Turks abolished it in a non-canonical manner, and transferred its dioceses to the jurisdiction of the Greek Patriarchate of Constantinople. Then began the numerous attempts of the Macedonian people to restore its former St. Clement's Ohrid Archbishopric as the Macedonian Orthodox Church. This happened in 1958, while the restoration of its autocephaly took place in 1967. OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON RELIGION IN EASTERN EUROPE (JULY 2017) XXXVII, 4 17 We can follow the beginnings of the Macedonian church history or today's Macedonian Orthodox Church-Ohrid Archbishopric (MOC-OA) indirectly, yet continuously, since the appearance of the first Christian church communities in Macedonia. They appeared toward the middle of the first century A.D, when on several occasions, the Apostle Paul visited ancient Macedonia which was under Roman rule. When the apostle with his associates, Silas and Timothy, were preparing his second trip to the city of Troas, he had a vision. The Scriptures says: "During the night Paul had a vision: in front of him stood a man, Macedonian, who had begging him, saying; 'Come over to Macedonia and help us!' After that vision, we immediately wished to go to Macedonia because we understood that the Lord calls us there to preach the Gospel" (Acts 16, 9-10). After the Apostle Paul, accompanied by his missionaries, arrived in Philippi, he established the Philippi Christian church community and from there, he began to preach Christianity. In the city of Thyatira, he christened the first Macedonian woman named Lydia. Once he had founded Philippi church, he arrived in Thessalonica and Berea, where he founded Thessalonca and Berea Christian churches. Thus, the Apostle Paul and his associates founded the first three Macedonian churches, the first ones located in Europe. In the fourth century, in the Roman Province of Macedonia, before it was divided into four parts, and then into Macedonia Prima and Macedonia Seconda, the late antiquity Macedonian cities of Thessalonica, Stobi, Skupi, Heraklea Lyncestis, Bargala, Zapara, and others became episcopal centers. Later, among the famous early Christian bishoprics in Macedonia, the most famous were Thessalonica Archbishopric and the Archdiocese in Skupi 1 See for more details: Gjorgji Pop Atanasov, The Bible for Macedonia and Macedonians, Skopje, 1995, 146; Ratomir Grozdanovski, Saint Apostle Paul and Macedonia, Skopje, 2007, 219. 2 In order to specifically highlight certain more important words and institutions, and even whole sentences in the article they are bolded (cursive), (spaced), underlined, shown in italics or otherwise. 3 At the head of theThessalonica municipality (church) the Apostle Paul assigned the Macedonian Aristarchus, as is noted in the source "Аристарх Македонxнин из Фесалоники". (See: Библиx, Moscow, 1999, 1201). 4 About the genesis of the first Macedonian and European Christian church communities/churches, see: Aleksandar Trajanovski, Church-School Municipalities in Macedonia (Skopje: INI, 1980), 37-45. OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON RELIGION IN EASTERN EUROPE (JULY 2017) XXXVII, 4 18 near Skopje. The establishment of the independent church in Macedonia, Iustiniana Prima, (534-545) at the time of the famous Byzantine emperor Justinian I (527-565) was based in Skupi or Baderiana (today's the Skopje village of Bader). The work of Saint Apostle Paul and Emperor Justinian I was continued by the holy brothers, Cyril 6 and Methodius of Thessalonica and their most famous students and followers, Sts. Clement and Naum of Ohrid, especially through their famous Bregalnica and Pannonian (Moravian) missions. After returning from their last mission, St. Clement (840-916) and St. Naum (835-910) were sent as teachers and priests to the region of Kutmichevica in the locality of Devol and Glavinitsa, and in the city of Ohrid. There, beside the establishment of the Ohrid Literary School (individual authors also consider it as the first Slavic University) and the creation of the Cyrillic script (893), St. Clement was appointed as the first Slav-Macedonian bishop (of Dremvica, Velika, and Tiveriopol). So, at the time of Samuil 's state (967-1018) in Macedonia, Slavic Macedonian clergy and monastics were installed in Ohrid, in the village of Zrze, Prilep area, on Mount Athos, and elsewhere. On that basis and on the basis of the created traditions, beside the already built churches and monasteries, Emperor Samuil (967-1014) also inherited already formed monastics. Thereby, a church organization grew in Macedonia with its seat on the island "Sv. Achilles" on Prespa Lake, known as Prespa Metropolitanate, and later as Prespa Archdiocese. Its independence was confirmed by the church dignitaries from the Vatican sent by Pope Gregory V (996-999). They, as well as the prelates and the clergy of the Prespa Church, crowned Samuil and granted the church an autocephalous status at the level of archbishopric, while the king regarded it as patriarchate, because based on a medieval unwritten rule, in each kingdom, there should be a patriarchate. When Samuil moved the capital from Prespa to Ohrid, he also moved 5 It is thought that he was born in the village Tauresium or Taurizion, i.e. today's village of Taor. 6 His secular name is Constantine (872-869). 7 Known under his secular name Michael (810-885). OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON RELIGION IN EASTERN EUROPE (JULY 2017) XXXVII, 4 19 the seat of the Church, which since that time, has been known as the Ohrid patriarchate, and later Archbishopric. At that time, the diocese of the Ohrid Patriarchate matched the frontiers of Samuil's state. At the beginning of the eleventh century, over 20 bishoprics were under its jurisdiction: bishoprics of Ohrid and Prespa, Devol, Glavinica, Bitola, Meglene, Strumica, Berea, Skopje, Morozvis, Srbica (Servija) Stag, Trijadica (Sofia), Vidin, Velbužd, Belgrade, Nish, Prizren, Lipljan, Raska, Srem, Branichevo, Dorostol, and others. After the collapse of Samuil 's state (1018), the Byzantine emperor Basil II, in his famous decrees of 1019 and 1020, reduced the church to a lower rank, that is, to the level of an archbishopric without abolishing its autocephaly. Although the Ohrid Archbishopric preserved its independence—autocephaly, it submitted to the Byzantine emperors almost throughout the entire period of Byzantine rule in Macedonia. Thus, after the death of the last Archbishop of Ohrid of Macedonian origin, John of Debar (1018-1037), the Byzantine emperors often nominated Greeks for archbishops who were then promoted by the Holy Synod (SAS) of the Ohrid archdiocese to head it. Only the lower clergy was chosen from among domestic Macedonian population. At that time, the diocese of the Ohrid Archbishopric included 30 eparchies: OhridPrespa, Kostur, Glavinica, Meglene, Pelagonia (Monastir), Strumica, Morozvis, Velbužd (Kyustendil) Trijadica (Sredetz), Nish, Belgrade, Srem, Skopje, Prizren, Lipljn, Raska, Drinopol (Adrinopol) Butrint, Vela, Himar, Ioannina, Stagska (Stashka at Meteors), Petra (Peter) Srbichka (Serfijska), Berea (Verijska), Drastar, and others. After the great Serbian medieval conquests of Macedonia, the Ohrid Archbishopric still remained an independent (autocephalous) church with an insignificant reduction of its diocese on account of the newly established Peč Archbishopric. OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON RELIGION IN EASTERN EUROPE (JULY 2017) XXXVII, 4 20 When Macedonia fell under the Ottoman rule, the Ohrid Archbishopric not only preserved its independence but also received certain privileges by the Sultan. Wishing to have a peaceful environment during their conquering expeditions to Europe, the Ottomans held a tolerant attitude towards the Ohrid Archbishopric and allowed its spiritual self-governing, demanding loyalty by the Ohrid Archbishopric and the believers under its jurisdiction, as well as their collection of church taxes, because part of those taxes, in the form of peshkesh (gift) went to the sultan's treasury. After the abolition of the (Bulgarian) Patriarchate of Trnovo (1393), for a certain period of time, the eparchies of Sofia and Vidin found themselves under the jurisdiction of the Ohrid Archbishopric. After the gradual fall of the Serbian medieval state under the Ottoman Empire, starting from 1439 onwards, Peč (Serbian) Patriarchate was gradually abolished and in phases (eparchy after eparchy). Thus, all of its eparchies fell again under the jurisdiction of the Ohrid Archbishopric. After the establishment of the Union of Florence (1439), HungarianWallachian and


The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of lower extremity plyometric training on the proprioception and postural stability of collegiate soccer players with postural instability. The study was conducted from April 17, 2009 to September 28, 2009(for a total of 6 weeks). Ten male collegiate soccer players were enrolled into the study, then divided into two groups: the plyometric training group(PMT) and the classical postural stability training group(CPT). Plyometric training on the lower extremities showed statistically significant improvement on proprioception and postural stability(p<.05). Although not all neurophysiologic mechanisms underlying such an effect were revealed, it is proposed that plyometric training can be used as an effective training program to improve functional postural stability in soccer players with preexisting postural instability.


Criteria for comparing fixed-point and floating-point arithmetics are established. It is proved by theoretical analysis and simulation results that low-roundoff-noise structures for fixed-point arithmetic are also low roundoff noise for floating point. Computer results for roundoff-noise power are given, and some conclusions are derived for both arithmetics.<<ETX>>


—Indonesia's political system is democracy. Indonesia's democracy is religious democracy. Even though democracy is godly, there are Islamic groups who are antipathy and want to overthrow it. Democracy in Indonesia still has many shortcomings, but that is no reason to leave it, especially if the substitute offered is not better. Unfortunately, the Islamic group wants to replace it with something bad, namely their version of the Islamic system which is tyranny, intolerant, and discriminative. Regarding the poor implementation of democracy in Indonesia, it must be recognized, and concrete steps are taken to improve it. Democracy education is one of the ways. And Social Sciences has a strategic role to take part in it. For democracy education to succeed, what must be considered is not only the education itself but also how to make the public aware that the existence of groups hostile to democracy in the name of faith is real and needs to be watched out for.


PURPOSE
School-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) face uniquely complex webs of guidelines and criteria that can undermine their ability to move toward disability-affirming practices. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to present a contrast between ableist and disability-affirming practices in school-based stuttering therapy while highlighting the critical perspectives of students who stutter. Practical examples of disability-affirming stuttering therapy in public school settings are provided.

CONCLUSIONS
This clinical focus article outlines practical guidelines and specific examples of affirming collaboration, eligibility decisions, goal choice, and accommodations for students who stutter. These discussions demonstrate how SLPs can adopt updated assessment therapy planning and institutional practices to affirm students who stutter while informing school cultures and society about the dignity and value of stuttered voices.

SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21818028.


Head-upright tilt-table testing is often used to support the diagnosis of vasovagally mediated syncope [1-4]. Studies that have looked at the hemodynamic changes that occur during head-upright tilt-table testing [1] have shown that positive test results are often associated with both systemic hypotension and bradycardia and that hypotension almost always precedes bradycardia. In a minority of positive tilt-table tests, syncope results from hypotension alone. Recently, a paradoxical increase in cerebrovascular resistance was shown to occur concomitantly with the development of hypotension and bradycardia in patients who had syncope during tilt-table testing [5]. We describe a previously unreported response in a patient who had near-syncope during tilt-table testing. The patient developed increased cerebrovascular resistance and showed a significant reduction in cerebral blood flow velocity in the absence of systemic hypotension or bradycardia. Case Report A 23-year-old white woman had had four episodes of syncope during an 11-day period. Some of the episodes were witnessed; all occurred shortly after the patient stood up from either a sitting or a supine position. The duration of unconsciousness was estimated to be 10 to 30 seconds. The patient did not injure herself. She stated that she became extremely warm and diaphoretic just before each syncopal episode and that her heart beat rapidly when she assumed the upright position. She had had no history of syncope before these recent episodes. Her only medications included birth control pills, and she had had no significant previous medical illness. On physical examination, the patient's blood pressure was 104/70 mm Hg and her pulse was 88 beats/min while seated. Her blood pressure was 108/80 mm Hg and her pulse was 96 beats/min while she was standing. The results of the rest of the physical examination, the results of the cardiac examination, and the 12-lead electrocardiogram were all normal. The patient was referred for head-upright tilt-table testing. Methods The tilt-table test was done while the patient was fasting. Heart rate and rhythm were continuously monitored using surface electrocardiography. Blood pressure was measured with a standard sphygmomanometer while the patient was in the base-line supine position, at 1-minute intervals during the tilt-table test, and with continuous recycling during symptoms. The blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery was continuously monitored using a 2-MHz pulsed-wave transcranial Doppler ultrasonography system (Medasonics, Inc., Mountain View, California). The transducer was placed on the skin overlying the temporal bone above the zygomatic arch. The blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery was monitored at a mean depth of 50 mm from the surface of the skin. The systolic, diastolic, and peak blood flow velocities of the middle cerebral artery were measured. The mean velocity and the pulsatility index (pulsatility index = [systolic velocity diastolic velocity]/mean velocity) were calculated. The patient was positioned upright at an angle of 80 degrees on the tilt table, and a footboard was used for weight bearing. Results When the patient was in the baseline supine position, her heart rate was 67 beats/min, her blood pressure was 106/59 mm Hg, mean cerebral blood flow velocity was 50 cm/s, and the pulsatility index was 0.59. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, mean cerebral blood flow velocity, and pulsatility index are shown in Figure 1. Within 1 to 2 minutes after the tilt table was raised to the upright position, the patient became diaphoretic and began to have generalized weakness, nausea, and dizziness. Her heart rate increased to more than 140 beats/min, and her blood pressure was 100/67 mm Hg. The patient developed near-syncope and was difficult to arouse. At the peak of her symptoms and just before the tilt table was lowered to the supine position, the patient's heart rate was 139 beats/min, her blood pressure was 114/61 mm Hg, and her mean cerebral blood flow velocity was 21 cm/s. The pulsatility index had increased to 1.49. The tilt table was lowered to the supine position, and the patient's symptoms abated within 1 minute. Mean cerebral blood flow velocity and the pulsatility index returned to their baseline values. Figure 1. Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBF), heart rate (HR), pulsatility index (PI), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) response during head-upright tilt-table testing. Discussion During tilt-table testing, we monitored blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rhythm. Additionally, we indirectly measured cerebral blood flow using the blood flow velocities of the middle cerebral artery, which were determined using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. This technique allows noninvasive assessment of the intracranial cerebral circulation [6]. With cerebral arteriolar vasoconstriction, the pulsatility index increases, resulting in a decrease in mean cerebral blood flow velocity [7]. Although the potential limitations of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography have been described, the clinical utility of this technique has been recognized [7, 8]. Grubb and colleagues [5] recently showed that patients who had tilt-table-induced vasovagal syncope had Doppler ultrasonographic evidence of paradoxical vasoconstriction before loss of consciousness. In patients with syncope or presyncopal symptoms, mean cerebral blood flow velocity decreased by 46% and the pulsatility index increased by 295% concomitant with the development of hypotension and bradycardia. Controls had no significant alterations in cerebral blood flow patterns. Grubb and colleagues suggested that the abnormal baroreceptor responses that occurred during vasovagal syncope created a derangement in cerebral autoregulation that allowed for paradoxical vasoconstriction in the setting of increasing hypotension. They suggested that the vasoconstriction may have contributed to the syncope. The patient we describe had symptoms that were consistent with vasovagal syncope and that were reproduced during head-upright tilt-table testing. The patient's vasovagal symptoms occurred despite the maintenance of systemic arterial pressure and in the absence of bradycardia. Using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to measure the blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery, it was possible to identify a substantial decrease in the patient's mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the setting of cerebral arteriolar vasoconstriction at the time the patient became symptomatic. This case shows that disordered cerebral autoregulation may occur during tilt-table testing at the time of intense vasovagal symptoms, despite the absence of systemic vasodepression or cardioinhibition. To our knowledge, such a finding has not previously been reported, and it would suggest that the impaired cerebral autoregulation that occurs during vasovagal syncope may be manifested independently of the abnormal baroreceptor responses that usually accompany this disorder. Fouad and coworkers [9] described a syndrome of marked orthostatic intolerance usually associated with postural sinus tachycardia and a normal blood pressure response during head-upright tilt. Blood volume determination in the patients who had this syndrome showed idiopathic hypovolemia. The authors suggested that excessive hypovolemia activated the sympathetic nervous system and, in one patient, precipitated a classic vasovagal reaction with hypotension and cardioinhibition. We did not measure blood volume in our patient, but it is possible that a similar triggering of sympathetic drive initiated that part of the vasovagal reflex leading to cerebral vasoconstriction. This occurred without the more commonly associated hypotension and bradycardia. Identifying this type of response during head-upright tilt-table testing requires the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Dr. Uppstrom: Christian Northeast Hospital, 11125 Dunn Road, Suite 406, St. Louis, MO 63136. Dr. Auer: St. John's Mercy Medical Center, 621 South New Ballas Road, #307-A, St. Louis, MO 63141. Dr. Patel: University of Missouri, Division of Cardiology, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212. Mr. Biermann: St. John's Mercy Heart Center, Electrophysiology Laboratory-2L, 615 South New Ballas Road, St. Louis, MO 63141.


When addressing driveway maneuvers at a new development, alleged ailments Must be quantified before drafting a cure. If a problem is anticipated, alternative solutions should be investigated, including a comparison between the ailment and any cures. Potential ramifications of a raised median island are seldom investigated closely, and should be very carefully addressed before making a LAST RESORT recommendation for a median island.


PURPOSE: The goal of this study is to demonstrate whether low intensity exercise has an effect on the level of inflammatory response and apoptosis in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.
METHODS: A high fat diet (60% fat, 20% carbohydrate, and 20% protein) was treated to a subset of experimental rats for 35 weeks to induce obesity before exercise intervention. The rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups: normal control (ND-CON, n=7), High- Fat Diet control (HFD-CON, n=7) and High-Fat Diet+Exercise (HFD-EXE, n=7). The low intensity exercise program was performed for 10 weeks with treadmill (30 min/day, 5 days/week). After treadmill exercise, body weight, total fat mass, HOMA-IR and OGTT were analyzed. Also TLR-4 signaling pathway related proteins, inflammation related factors and apoptosis were analyzed using Western blot method.
RESULTS: Low intensity exercise with treadmill reduces body weight and body fat of obese rats that were induced by high fat diet, and improves insulin resistance and blood glucose recovery ability. In addition, low intensity exercise inhibits the activity of NF-κB by reducing TLR4 protein, which regulates inflammation and immunity. This has shown to reduce the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, Bax and Caspase3 proteins associated with apoptosis, and improve Bcl2 protein.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, low intensity exercise reduces the level of TLR4 protein that regulates immune and inflammatory responses in adipocytes of obese rats induced by high fat diet. This inhibits the activity of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related proteins, which will be effective in the prevention and treatment of obesity.


The mobile telecommunication technique program was set up in the background of a full development of mobile telecommunication industry.Because of the sensitivity of mobile telecommunication technology and its services,the construction of practical teaching bases is full of challenges.This paper,based on the three core techniques: mobile terminal,base station installation and maintenance,and mobile telecommunication skill development,elaborates on the construction and exploration of the program's practical teaching bases.


A novel modular cascaded dual-buck DC converter which can be applied in Second-Life Hybrid Battery Energy Storage System is proposed. In order to suitably integrate and control these widely different batteries, a suitable multi-modular converter topology is required. A new type of boost converter is proposed, on the front end of each module. It is adapted to the working conditions of various second-life batteries, and it can be used as equipment and the interface of those batteries. The novel proposed boost converter has a higher efficiency compared with the traditional boost converter. The cascaded dual-buck DC converter has been used in this paper. This converter can flexibly connect each module and improve the output voltage. A brief discussion of the general operating principle of the topology is given. Therewith, the advantages of the structure compared with the conventional DC converter are introduced. Finally, simulation with 5kW system is given to prove the theoretical analysis and simulating feasibility of the proposed DC converter.


Broccoli was studied under different conditions of storage,solution soaking,cooking methods and cooked food preservation to find the variation of nitrite content in it. The results showed that either under room temperature or low temperature storage conditions,the nitrite content increased first and then reduced in7days. Soaked with tea or overnight tea,the nitrite content decreased obviously. Soaked with saline,the nitrite content increased. Different cooking methods all significantly reduced the nitrite content in broccoli. And nitrite content in boiled and fried broccoli was lower than in roasted one. Whether in low temperature or room temperature,nitrite content in cooked broccoli increased with time,but was up to standard within 30h.


In present the development cost as absence of sand is improving step by step so as to check this issue, sand is in part supplant in type of plastic wastes material. Plastic waste is reused in type of the generation of new material which might be utilized as discretionary part in concrete and is probably the most ideal ways for disposing of plastic waste. Additionally these procedures demonstrated to be profoundly practical than standard technique. The target of this thesis is to use plastic waste as a discretionary substitution (0%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 60 %) of natural sand and test it for various strength characteristics and supportability.


Two field experiments were conducted in Mallawi Agricultural Research Station, Minia Governorate during 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 growing seasons to find out the proper panting method (ring or row planting methods) on juice quality traits, cane and sugar yields of four sugarcane varieties (Phil.8013, G.99-103, G.2000-176 and G.84-47). A split plot design with three replications was used in both seasons, where the panting methods and density were allocated in the main plots, while the sugarcane varieties were randomly distributed in the sub-plots. Ring (pit) area was 0.64 m 2 (90-cm diameter). Rings were dug to a 45-cm depth. In each ring, 5 kg farmyard manure was mixed uniformly before placing the setts for planting. Rings were planted with 20, 30 and 40 buds/ring and covered with 2-5 cm soil. Plot area was 35 m 2 , which consisted of 5 ridges of 1 m apart and 7 long. Sugarcane varieties were planted in the 1 st week of March in both seasons. All agronomic practices were done as recommended for growing sugarcane crop. Ring planting method recorded a significant increase in stalk height, sucrose%, purity%, sugar recovery% and cane and sugar yields/fed. The evaluated sugarcane varieties differed significantly in stalk height, stalk diameter, sucrose%, purity%, sugar recovery%, cane and sugar yields/fed. Sugarcane Phil.8013 and G.84-47 varieties recorded the highest cane and sugar yields/fed. The interaction between the two factors had significant effects on all studied traits. Therefore, under conditions of the present work, planting sugarcane varieties Phil.8013 and G.84-47 in rings using 30 buds/ring could be recommended to get the highest cane and sugar yields/fed.


The invention discloses a touch system and an anti-light interference method thereof. The touch system comprises an optical sensor, a programmable logic device, a light source and a computer. The light source is connected with the programmable logic device. A power driving circuit is in series connection between the programmable logic device and the light source. The power driving circuit can be controlled by the programmable logic device to change luminous intensity of the light source. The touch system can automatically adjust the luminous intensity of the light source depending on the environmental illumination conditions and is excellent in anti-light interference.


A BSTRACT . We give a direct harmonic approximation lemma for local minima of quasiconvex multiple integrals that entails their C 1 ,α or C ∞ -partial regularity. Different from previous contributions, the method is fully direct and elementary, only hinging on the L p -theory for strongly elliptic linear systems and Sobolev's embedding theorem. Especially, no heavier tools such as Lipschitz truncations are required.


An increase in demand for commodities coupled with a decrease in world-class ore deposit discoveries in the last three decades is the driving force for exploring for a new generation of world-class ore deposits at depth. Exploration through cover is becoming one of the critical challenges for the mineral exploration industry. This paper explores methods of integrating geophysical, geological and landscape data so as to reduce uncertainty in landscape evolution models interpreted from inversion of electromagnetic (EM) data. Inversion of EM data is, in general, non-unique: many different models will be able to fit the EM data equally well, resulting in large uncertainty. However, EM model uncertainty can be significantly constrained when geological and landscape context are taken into account. This study aims to characterise the regolith (weathered and transported cover), and understand how its conductivity varies with the landscape and with the regolith architecture. This is assisted by logging information from 104 boreholes penetrating through the regolith and into the basement rocks. The study area is associated with the DeGrussa Cu-Au deposit located in the Capricorn Orogen of Western Australia, a regolith-dominated terrain where the regolith varies in thickness between <5 and ~150m. We first select EM decay curves, extracted from an airborne EM survey, whose locations are close to those of the boreholes. We then use a layered-earth (1D) forward model, and invert those data for the electrical resistivities of each of the lithologies identified on the geological borehole logs. Layer boundary depths are fixed to the borehole depths. We show how the non-uniqueness associated with EM inversion can be reduced by the inclusion of decay curves from geology with different layer thickness ratios. Lithological models derived from the integration of electromagnetic, geological and landscape data show less uncertainty and are therefore more reliable for mineral exploration targeting.


The transformation of a recursive program to an iterative equivalent is a fundamental operation in Computer Science. In the reverse direction, the task of reverse engineering (analysing a given program in order to determine its speciflcation) can be greatly ameliorated if the program can be re-expressed in a suitable recursive form. But the existing recursion removal transformations, such as the techniques discussed by Knuth [1] and Bird [2], can only be applied in the reverse direction if the source program happens to match the structure produced by a particular recursion removal operation. In this paper we describe a much more powerful recursion removal and introduction operation which describes its source and target in the form of an action system (a collection of labels and calls to labels). A simple, mechanical, restructuring operation can be applied to a great many iterative programs which will put them in a suitable form for recursion


In this paper the use of technique for analyzing the relationship "Cost - Volume - Profit" in horse breeding is studied, which allows to simplify accounting and analytical support of cost management and control the amount of profit as a result of changes in variable costs, selling prices and product mix of the given industry; a method of budgeting has been adapted to horse breeding industry conditions for effective cost and financial performance management of organization activities. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n18p193


The chemical studies and antimicrobial activity of n-hexane leaf extract of Corymbiatorelliana was evaluated for medicinal importance. The phytochemical constituents present were steroids, tannins, cardiac glycosides alkaloids and terpenes. The result of sodium fussion test revealed the presence of Phosphorus Nitrogen and Chlorine. The Column Chromatography gave several fractions that were pulled together by Thin Layer Chromatography based on their Rf values, colours and resolutions on different solvent systems. GC-MS was used to identify compounds like: Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediene, Pentadecanoic acid-14-methyl methyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid-2-hydroxyl propyl ester, 2(4H)-Benzofuranone-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl and many others. Antimicrobial screening was carried out on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger using the agar well diffusion technique. The result shows that the extract exhibit antimicrobial activity with zones of inhibition in diameter. These results show that the plant exhibit antimicrobial activity and possess pharmacological characteristics, which could be applied in the production of potent drugs.


This study explores the impact of the 2002 presidential election on future development of women's participation in the Korean politics by analyzing the gap between the political promise and reality in South Korea. This study argues that there should be a more systemic way to recruit women political candidates in South Korea. In order to effectively deal with various issues regarding gender and equality matters of today's complicating society, there should be adequate representation of women voice in all levels of Korean politics. Without professionally prepared and committed woman politicians in all levels of political activities, support from every constituency, and legal system, true gender equality in the South Korean politics will remain as an empty promise. In order to study such a problem, this study will use a comparative approach analyzing and comparing the Korean case with other countries that have a better Gender Empowerment Measure set by United Nations. This study will contribute to the woman studies by offering some suggestions for change in political recruitment process in South Korea.


This paper deals with the application of symbolic logic to the analysis of patent claims. Such claims define classes. By converting into propositions the class de scriptions of various parts, the properties of various parts, the relationships of various parts, and the relationships between any of the foregoing, the scope of a patent can be defined as a sum of products. Such an equation can then be used to determine questions of literal infringement and literal anticipation. They may also be used to define classes of non-infringing devices. l.u.b. and g.l.b. operations on subsets of Z; propositional connectives are mappings /« of Z^i into Z, i = 1, 2, . . ., N; functional variables are mappings of suitable Cartesian powers of a set I into Z. The set V of valid formulas is defined in the usual way.


ISSN:0975-1459 Bioanalytical method validation includes all of the procedures that demonstrate that a particular method used for a quantitative measurement of analytes in a given biological matrix is selective, sensitive, reliable and reproducible for the intended use. Any method developed for the analysis of analytes in biological fluids must yield consistent results despite the variations in conditions during the course of a project. An ideal bioanalytical method should include all of the probable effects that are going to occur during the routine analysis of study samples. It may not be possible to test each and every condition that is going to be encountered during the subject sample analysis. However, it should include all the applicable regulatory specified validation parameters and should assure the integrity of the study data. Some of the proposals were made to the validation procedure to encounter the possible situations in the routine study sample analysis. An attempt has been made to understand and explain the bioanalytical method validation for chromatographic assays from the quality assurance auditor viewpoint. A good understanding of the background and principles of the bioanalytical method validation will help the quality assurance personnel to perform their duties in a most effective and focused manner. ________________________________________________________________________


Usefulness and possibilities of realization of new broadband indoor transmission systems in an unlicensed band near 60 GHz have been presented. The author has analyzed radio channel characteristics in 60 GHz band and properties of uniform linear arrays of antennas using the LMS adaptive algorithm. The author has developed and described a software package in Matlab environment, which is capable of simulating data transmission in a proposed system with two mobile terminals.


A single-stage 20-GHz power amplifier was developed using a double-doped AlInAs-GaInAs-on-InP HEMT. Output power of 516 mW (0.645 W/mm) with power-added efficiency of 47.1% and 7.1-dB gain were obtained from an 800- mu m-wide device. The device had a saturated output power of more than 560 mW (0.7 W/mm). This is believed to be the highest combination of output power, power density, gain, and power-added efficiency reported for an InP-based FET at this frequency.<<ETX>>


Rural residential buildings are increasing speedily and have enormous quantity in our country,so it is a important subject to promote rural residential energy-saving buildings.Energy-saving of buildings is imperative owing to low standard,high energy consumption and serious energy waste in rural houses in the cold district.The paper put forward some suggestions on construction of envelop and using of renewable energy sources in rural houses based on analysis of technical of construction of envelop and renewable energy utilization etc.in the Hebei north cold district.


The saharan oases have always played and still play an essential role in the socio-economic and ecological plans. They presente an interest for the development of the Saharan regions, notably through a rational and judicious use of water resources it needs. But despite these advantages, they remain confronttées several difficulties hindering their development, particularly the impact of water management. For this, it is necessary to implement a program of rehabilitation and development of these oases, through the implementation of concrete actions, allowing them to play their full role as part of agronomy Saharan Africa in particular and development of the saharan regions in general.


Composting of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) has become an increasingly widespread practice in many countries today. The final product, compost, must be stabilized and sanitized if it is to be used as an input of organic matter and nitrogen in agricultural soils without adverse effects. Respirometric determination of the Oxygen Uptake Rate is one of the most widely accepted methods in the literature for measuring the development of the composting process. This method allows the stability of samples taken during the composting process to be determined. On the other hand, mature compost is defined as the product which has no negative effect when it is applied to agriculture. Mature compost is often evaluated by means of germination or growth tests of plant species. In this paper we have studied the relationship between the two concepts and measurement techniques to evaluate the possibility of predicting maturity by means of determining stability. To this end, samples from two types of OFMSW compost were analyzed at different composting times through an assay of tomato seed germination and the degree of stabilization was determined by the SOUR respirometric method (Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate). Two other OFMSW compost samples were studied through assays of Latucca sativa growth using the Di.Pro.Ve. method developed at the University of Milan. The test was performed at different composting times and degrees of stabilization. In light of the results of the respirometric method and the growth and germination efficiency, we were able to correlate both variables (stability and maturity). We have found that by determining compost stability by means of a respirometric technique, we can obtain a good indicator of the maturity of the product and therefore predict its agronomic performance.


Rencently peripheral nerve block guided by nerve stimulator has gained increasing interests in pain treatment and clinical anesthesia for its precise location and reliable efficacy. This article described briefly the working principle for nerve stimulator and reviewed the skills commonly used in peripheral nerve blocks, including interscalene brachial plexus block, axillary plexus block, posterior lumbar plexus block , femoral nerve block,sciatic nerve block, and continuous peripheral nerve block, as well as complications with the nerve stimulator in blocks .


A novel graphene-based solid acid was successfully prepared through loading Co and Ni onto the surface of reduced graphene nanosheets with hydrothermal method. After sulfonation of the as-synthesized reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-Ni-Co composites, a kind of solid acid was prepared for reducing p-Nitrophenol (PNP) into p-Aminophenol (PAP). The result shows that the sulfonated rGO-Ni-Co composites have better catalytic ability than rGO-Ni-Co composites. These findings may provide a facile method to prepare solid acid which consists of rGO and metal ion for its application in catalysis fields.


A graph's spread is defined as the difference between the largest eigenvalue and the least eigenvalue of the graph's adjacency matrix. Characterizing a graph with maximal spread is still a difficult problem. If we restrict the discussion to some classes of connected graphs of a prescribed order and size, it simplifies the problem and it may allow us to solve it. Here, we discuss some results on graphs whose spread is maximal in certain classes of graphs.


Abstract This study reports new findings on the sputtered Cu-polyester (Cu-PES) bacterial inactivation under low intensity visible light (λ >400 nm). Cu-PES samples sputtered for 160 s led to the complete inactivation of E. coli in anaerobic and aerobic media within 45 min. The (Cu-PES) oxidative radicals generated in aerobic media were not the only intermediates leading to bacterial inactivation. Bacterial inactivation also proceeds in the dark under anaerobic conditions. For this reason, the oxidative radicals were leading to bacterial reduction were unambiguously identified by appropriate scavengers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided evidence for redox catalysis going within the time required by Cu-PES to induce bacterial reduction. Furthermore, the Cu-ions in the ppb range leached from the Cu-PES during bacterial reduction were monitored by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the Cu found were below the limit allowed for mammalian cells. By infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) the bacteria stretching shifts of the predominant lipo-polysaccharide (LPS) associated-(CH2) groups were monitored. The overstretching of these groups determined the time necessary for bond scission/bacterial inactivation.


The aim of the article is to understand the combinatorics of snake graphs by means of linear algebra. In particular, we apply Kasteleyn's and Temperley--Fisher's ideas about spectral properties of weighted adjacency matrices of planar bipartite graphs to snake graphs. First we focus on snake graphs whose set of turning vertices is monochromatic. We provide recursive sequences to compute the characteristic polynomials; they are indexed by the upper or the lower boundary of the graph and are determined by a neighbour count. As an application, we compute the characteristic polynomials for L-shaped snake graphs and staircases in terms of Fibonacci product polynomials. Next, we introduce a method to compute the characteristic polynomials as convergents of continued fractions. Finally, we show how to transform a snake graph with turning vertices of two colours into a graph with the same number of perfect matchings to which we can apply the results above.


The present paper deals with the buckling problem of a right-angled isosceles triangular plate under uniformly distributed edge thrusts after the methods adopted by E. Trefftz and G.I. Taylor when they obtained the buckling load of a clamped square plate. Though their methods seem to be different from each other in their appearances, they are identical in their principles as E. Trefftz suggested. In addition to Trefftz's suggestion, the author shows that, at least on the present problem, they lead to the very same determinantal equation for calculating the buckling load. In the present paper, the solutions are first given by both methods in the case of all three edges clamped ; and then, as an application, the solutions of the cases where one or two edges are clamped and the others simply supported. The calculated buckling loads are given in the tables, together with the results computed by the Ritz method.


Natural image statistics indicate that we should use nonconvex norms for most regularization tasks in image processing and computer vision. Still, they are rarely used in practice due to the challenge of optimization. Recently, iteratively reweighed $\ell_1$ minimization (IRL1) has been proposed as a way to tackle a class of nonconvex functions by solving a sequence of convex $\ell_2$-$\ell_1$ problems. We extend the problem class to the sum of a convex function and a (nonconvex) nondecreasing function applied to another convex function. The proposed algorithm sequentially optimizes suitably constructed convex majorizers. Convergence to a critical point is proved when the Kurdyka--Łojasiewicz property and additional mild restrictions hold for the objective function. The efficiency and practical importance of the algorithm are demonstrated in computer vision tasks such as image denoising and optical flow. Most applications seek smooth results with sharp discontinuities. These are achieved by combining nonc...


The present work deals with a new biodegradable biopolymer electrolyte-based carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC which was isolated from palm oil empty fruit bunch. Biopolymer electrolytes were developed with different ratios of sodium acetate (NaCH3COO) via a solution casting technique, and their structural, electrical and electrochemical behaviours were investigated. The incorporation of 30 wt% sodium acetate yielded an optimized ionic conductivity of 1.83 × 10 S cm at room temperature. Fourier transform infrared results suggested that interactions between components occurred in the biopolymer. The CMC-NaCH3COO film with the highest conductivity had an electrochemical stability of 2.8 V, and transference number measurements confirmed that ions predominate in the conduction of electrolytes.


A procedure is described for the volatilization of inorganic arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) as AsH3 and the absorption of AsH3 in a silver nitrate solution. For the absorption of AsH3, a specially designed glass cell has been used which cycles the absorption solution, utilizing the principle of a mammouth pump. In the adsorption solution, arsenic(III) is determined by differential-pulse voltammetry. The procedure is applicable in the concentration range from 1 × 10–6 to 5 × 10–5 mol l–1.


This paper analyzes on the functions,column design and the environment of hardware and software of the university library website,and advances some suggestions on the problems needing attention in network construction.


Nanostructured metal oxides have attracted a lot of attention recently owning to their unique structural advantages and demonstrated promising chemical and physical properties for various applications. In this study, we report the structural and electrical properties of vanadium dioxide VO2 (R) prepared via a single reaction microwave (SRC) synthesis. Our results are revealing that the components of VO2 (R) films have a rod-like shape with a uniform size distribution. The nanorods with very smooth and flat surfaces have a typical length of up to 2μm and a width of about several nanometers. The structural investigations reveal the high crystallinity of VO2 (R) ensuring good electrical contact and showing a high conductivity as a function of temperature. This synthesis method provides a new simple route to fabricate one-dimensional nanostructured metal oxides which is suitable for a large field of applications especially for smart windows.


The polarization transfer coefficients Kxx', Kyy' and Kzx' in the reaction 2H(p,p)2H have been measured at an incident proton energy of 22.5 MeV. The results are compared to predictions from Faddeev calculations using various nucleon-nucleon potential models. The overall agreement is rather good. The comparison in more detail shows a pronounced sensitivity of the results, especially for Kyy', to the 3S1-3D1 and 1P1 NN force components. As in nucleon-nucleon scattering, however, these two parameters are correlated, thus hampering definite conclusions.


A high-speed photographic camera in which a concept of Cranz-Schardin has been embodied and which has been manufactured on the basis of present requirements upon technique of recording fast events is described in this paper. The camera operates in a convergent ray beam and is intended for recording non-self-luminous processes, that is, transparent optical nonuniformities that arise in a gaseous medium being disturbed by shock waves or compressional waves from moving objects or explosions of charges of different origin as well as by shock waves that accompany electric and laser breakdown. A framing rate for this camera is defined by lighting pulse duration and lies in the range of 104 to 5 X 106 frames/s. A process is recorded on a 35 mm film. The number of frames is 6. A frame size is 15 mm X 24 mm.


Purpose We evaluated macular ganglion cell asymmetry as a tool for diagnosing paracentral scotoma (PCS) in early glaucoma. Patients and methods This prospective study compared 58 patients with early glaucoma and PCS to 58 age-matched control individuals. All glaucomatous eyes had scotoma within the central 12 degrees of fixation and confined to one hemifield. We measured circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters with Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Macular ganglion cell asymmetry was expressed as the absolute differences and the ratios between the inferior and superior hemispheres, inferotemporal (IT) and superotemporal (ST) areas, IT and superonasal (SN) areas, IT and inferonasal (IN) areas, and ST and IN areas. The asymmetry index was the absolute log10 of the ratio. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) and partial AUROC (pAUROC, specificities ≥90%) were analyzed for each parameter. Results All GCIPL parameters and most cpRNFL parameters were significantly lower in early glaucoma than in controls. The best discriminating parameters were inferior RNFL thickness, average RNFL thickness, and minimum GCIPL thickness. The macular ganglion cell asymmetry parameters with the largest AUROCs were the log IT/ST index, the absolute difference in IT−ST GCIPL thicknesses, and the log IT/SN index. Performance was comparable between the log IT/ST index and the cpRNFL (inferior RNFL thickness, P=0.129), GCIPL (minimum GCIPL thickness, P=0.358), and ONH parameters (vertical cup-to-disc ratio, P=0.475). Conclusion The IT/ST asymmetry index may be useful as a new parameter for detecting structural changes in glaucoma patients with PCS.


We report on the discovery of two spiral galaxies located behind the southern Milky Way, within the least-explored region of the Great Attractor. They lie at ≈ , where obscuration from Milky Way stars and dust exceeds 13-15 mag of visual extinction. The galaxies were the most prominent of a set identified using mid-infrared images of the low-latitude (|b| < 1°) Spitzer Legacy program Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire. Follow-up H I radio observations reveal that both galaxies have redshifts that place them squarely in the Norma Wall of galaxies, which appears to extend diagonally across the Galactic plane from Norma in the south to Centaurus/Vela in the north. We report on the near-infrared, mid-infrared, and radio properties of these newly discovered galaxies and discuss their context in the larger view of the Great Attractor. The work presented here demonstrates that mid-infrared surveys open up a new window to study galaxies in the zone of avoidance.


The use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate components of extracts of cotton bracts is described. A chloroform extract of the aqueous extract of the bracts and an ethanol extract of the dried aqueous extracts were used. The facile separation of 1,7-dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-2(1H)-naphthalenone (lacinilene C), its 7 methyl ether, and β-sitosterol from the chloroform extract, and 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin (scopoletin), cinnamic acid, and hydroxy cinnamic acid from the ethanol extract illustrate the capability of HPLC to separate the complex mixture of compounds in cotton plant parts. Preliminary separations by preparative thin-layer chromatography gave several major bands, but the HPL chromatograms showed that each band contains the same compounds, though in varying concentration, demonstrating the higher resolution of HPLC. Scopoletin was a major component in both extracts. Cinnamic and hydroxy cinnamic acids were identified by GC/MS. The other compounds were identified by pmr spectroscopy.


INTRODUCTION: Neovascular glaucoma is (NVG) related to neovascularization of iricorneal angle due to prolonged hypoxia in the retina. Treatment is well codified in western countries, but in Brazzaville neovascular glaucoma often ends by enucleation following hyperalgic ocular phtisis or spontaneous bursting of the eye. OBJECTIVE: To report the main causes of NVG and discuss challenges related to its management in Brazzaville. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, multicenter study (CHU / Brazzaville, Clinique Medicale de Brazzaville), conducted over a period of 7 years on the basis of patient records seen for NVG. NVG was defined by the combination of iris rubeosis and an intraocular pressure more than 21 mmHg. The following parameters were analyzed: reasons of consultation, clinical presentations, etiologies and treatment. RESULTS: 25 cases were recruited (corresponding to 30 eyes suffering from NVG). Eye pain was the main reason for consultation (92%, 23/25 patients). The cornea was opaque with no possibility to perform gonoscopy and ocular fundus in 83.33% of cases (25/30 eyes). The etiologies were: diabetes mellitus (88%, 22/25 patients), central retinal vein occlusion (12%, 3/25 patients). 7/25 patients corresponding to 7/30 eyes were lost to follow up. Treatment was: enucleation (69.56%, 16/23 eyes), retinal photocoagulation (21.74%, 5/23 eyes), retrobulbar injection of chlorpromazine (8. 70%, 2/23 eyes). CONCLUSION: Diabetes mellitus is the main etiology of NVG in Brazzaville. The lack of medical equipment and the long delay before consultations offer few therapeutic alternatives to enucleation.


This paper provides a synthesis of information from extant research and policy documentation on information technology (IT) workforce issues in the US and abroad. In particular, it addresses some of the issues that concerned the USA's 21st Century Workforce Commission, which was established to look at the IT labour market. It defines the IT market fairly broadly and is concerned with the overall IT workforce. The paper covers both supply and demand issues and looks to address a variety of questions concerning the longer-term nature of IT employment and any potential labour market imperfections that may arise through inappropriate educational strategies. It looks at the skills needed to obtain IT jobs, ways to increase the supply of IT workers, and describes and assesses a number of foreign programmes for training individuals for IT employment.


When patients with stroke are admitted to the hospital, their previous medications may be withheld — often for good reasons, but sometimes for no particular reason. In this study, Spanish researchers sought to determine whether withholding previously prescribed statins can be harmful.

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[eng] Banking risk : a theoretical approach . This article proposes a brief survey of the theoretical literature about banking risk. First of all, we analyse risks related on one hand to the structure of bank assets, and on the other, the nature of their liabilities. We conclude that the specificitiy of banking risks mainly comes from the interactions between both sides of the balance sheet. In order to illustrate this point of view, we particularly study two problems : the forms of inter-banking competition and the danger of a destructive competition, and the bank's risk-taking behaviour. [fre] L'article propose un apercu d'ensemble de la litterature theorique sur le risque bancaire. Nous analysons tout d'abord les risques lies d'une part a la structure de l'actif des banques, d'autre part a la nature des ressources constituant leur passif. Notre conclusion est que la specificite du risque bancaire provient essentiellement de l'importance des interactions entre les deux cotes du bilan. Pour illustrer cette these, nous etudions plus particulierement deux problemes : d'une part les formes de la concurrence interbancaire et les risques d'une concurrence destructrice, d'autre part les comportements de prise de risque des banques.


This article examines the various factors affecting tourism development in Third World countries, and identifies hypotheses to stimulate tourism in such young economies.


In their activity, agricultural enterprises with complex production organization are in desperate need for rapid economic and financial information which would help to optimize costs and financial performance and to take reasonable managerial decisions. The decisions of the leadership on production development and organization are not based on relevant calculations and are intuitional as a rule. Under market economy, the budget system development and its adoption in organizations could be the way out of such situation. The research goal was to develop proposals to improve the management accounting system focused on process management in an organization. The following objectives were involved: presenting the accounting system oriented on process management; working out a proposal to build a system of budgeting as a means of coordinating the activities of all organizational units of a company; considering the budgets that balance accounting processes, planning and forecasting. The findings of theoretical studies and the practical analysis enable considering the possibility of budgeting system development at a dairy company OOO "Pervomayskoye moloko". The basic research findings are as following: the basic stages of the budgetary process are determined: the stage of the development and project of the consolidated budget; the approval of the draft budget and its inclusion into the structure of scientifically grounded business plan of an organization; analysis of budget performance according to the results of the current year; it is proposed to create a working team which would take part in that process and be responsible for the adoption of the budgeting, the development, performance and control of the budgets, methodical support of the budget system; the budgets, taking into account the specificity of agricultural enterprises are developed: production budget, budget of production expenses, budget of taxation, sales budget, budget of remuneration of labor, and cash budget.


In Indonesia, innovation is associated with the utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the process of public administration. The most important thing in doing an innovation is the process of innovation diffusion. The purpose of this research was to know and describe the process of diffusion of innovation, strategy and success factor in the process of diffusion of SIMPUS innovation in Yogyakarta City. This research was conducted at the Government of Yogyakarta City with a unit of analysis of the Health Department and all health centers. The results of this research indicate that the form of innovation of SIMPUS application is the innovation of technology-based administration process in health service made by Section Surveillant and SIK Yogyakarta City Health Office. The goal for data integration throughout health center implemented gradually from 2011 to 2013 at all health centers that is 18 central health centers and 12 auxiliary health centers. The process of diffusion of SIMPUS innovation does not occur incidentally but can be traced through the stages of the diffusion process that occurs, where at each stage are done various strategies both formal and informal. The study recommends innovators in the public sector to learn from the diffusion process frameworks, strategies and factors that influence the success of the innovation diffusion process. KeywordsInnovation in the public sector, innovation


This degree project in information design - spatial design, deals with an entrance communication ability in a home for the elderly. The purpose of the work is to transform the main entrance so that ...


No lobby reacted with more hostility to Jewish refugees from Nazi-dominated Europe than did the medical profession, yet refugee physicians ultimately fared better than any other occupational group. The counter-campaign waged by a group of American doctors partly resolves this paradox. The National Committee for the Resettlement of Foreign Physicians helped immigrants pass licensing exams in the rapidly shrinking number of states that allowed them to take the tests, and to procure exemptions in the growing number of states that did not. It thus helped physicians to become the only refugees collectively to retain their professional status in their new country.


In order to set up the mining protection scope of No. 11223 coal mining face in a protective seam under the contiguous seams in the middle coal group of Jinjia Mine,six groups boreholes were made in 1118 1 1 roadway and return airway. With the gas desorption value of the borehole measured at site,the seam gas pressure of boreholes was calculated with the seam gas parameters of lab. The regression analysis was applied to pressure data. The six groups critical point of the protection scope obtained was a theoretical protection scope and the critical points were individually shifted in the boreholes by 1. 30,1. 10,17. 51,16. 52,3. 20 and 3. 90 m. The strike pressure released angle was 55° and the inclined pressure released angle was 54° and 82° individually. In the protection scope,the pure quantity of pressure released gas drainage from protected seam was about 26. 286 3 million m3,the gas drainage rate reached to 80. 69%. The gas desorption index of drilling cuttings was not over the standard.


ABSTRAK This final report describes about subtitling process of a video "Pariangan, Tampuak Tangkai Alam Minangkabau". The purpose of this project is to help the viewers and tourists in order to know about this village and they will visit it. I interested to choose this video because it shows about a village which is one of the most beautiful villages in the world. There are three points in finishing this final report, such as; transcribing, translating and subtitling. The main point of this report is translating process. In translating process, there are several steps that have to be conducted for producing a better translation, they are; analyzing, transferring and reconstructing. I also considered the methods and proceduresthat I had to used. The last stage is subtitling, and Aegisub was used for its effectiveness in match the subtitle with the sound of the video. The result in making this final project is to be promoting to the viewers that Nagari Pariangan have some beauty and charm nature.
Keyword: Pariangan, transcribin, translating, subtitling
Tugas akhir ini telah dipertahankan di depan tim penguji dan dinyatakan LULUS pada tanggal


SECRETED IN 35MINS.=75MLS INTRODUCTION DURING a study of the anatomical changes associated with stress incontinence and its cure, the function of micturition in women has come under observation. Two hundred and twenty women, continent and incontinent, parous and nulliparous, were investigated by cystoscopy, cystometry and cystourethrography, and the urinary apparatus in cadavers of all ages was examined by naked eye dissection and serial section microscopy. The results and inferences are here assembled and correlated with other observations gleaned from the literature to present a composite picture of the mechanism of micturition, and of its disturbances, in Woman. -NO LEAKAGE ON


SSENTIAL first steps in sound manJagement of product planning and development for manufacturing concerns consist of an aggressive and intelligent search for product ideas and a critical appraisal of the potential profitability of these ideas. Other steps in the planning and development function can be classified briefly as technical development, market testing, reduction to manufacturing practice (often including pilot plant or semi-works operations) and introductory marketing campaigns. Efficient management of product planning and development is of current importance for companies which are seeking new materials and new designs for commercial products and for companies which are undertaking longer range activity in developing new products for future markets. This analysis is based primarily upon over twenty-five case studies1 of industrial and consumer goods manufacturers and a comprehensive survey of the product planning and development function in one industry.2 In scope it is limited to manufacture for commercial markets and does not discuss the special problems involved in searching for government contracts.


Abstract This paper outlines a theoretical framework for the risk management of road infrastructures from the perspective of organizational studies and engineering science. The framework moves beyond the traditional approach analysing each road infrastructure in isolation, and adopts the emerging systemic approach aimed at optimizing the interrelation between infrastructures, while at the same time extending this approach by considering actors as well as infrastructures. The initial focus is on the interaction between the parts (infrastructure and related actors) within a system (infrastructure and related actors within administrative boundaries) with a focus on two organizational modes: coordination and fragmentation. The choice between coordination and fragmentation depends on the span of safety and the level of risk. Furthermore, coordination and fragmentation offer useful insights for decision-makers by addressing specific modes of governance aimed at avoiding a lack of cooperation and ineffective responses. The paper then examines satellite data obtained from differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) in a geographical information system (GIS) platform. The aim is to identify the span of safety within a system, concerning specific infrastructures with the related actors, and to assess the risk levels for road infrastructures. The approach is intended to identify the most appropriate organizational mode. The potential of this approach was tested in a sample area of Rome (Italy), and the results reveal a significant span of safety with a common negligible risk, and a subspan of safety with a moderate risk. In the first case, coordination between the parts is desirable. As a result, long-term and fully shared solutions can be adopted, including joint planning operations and standard operating rules. In the second case, fragmentation is indicated, with more flexible solutions characterized by sharing and local autonomy.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate generated themes associated with talent development in the Australian higher education sector. This is because there are pragmatic advantages for universities that are focused on developing talents. For example, talent is a primary source of competitive advantage for educational institutions.

Design/methodology/approach
This study depends on the individual interview method as the main tool for data collection. The sample consisted of six participants who are talented. High-level individual interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed using NVivo 11.

Findings
Individual interviews have identified four key themes of talent development: performance management, coaching talent, leadership development and talent acquisition.

Research limitations
This study only targeted one country (Australia), and one sector (higher education). Hence, the generalisability of these results is limited to the Australian university sector in Queensland.

Practical implications
This study collects rich and original qualitative data regarding talent development in the higher education domain. Therefore, for instance, the research findings validate what was already found but are significant because practical data rather than theoretical were gathered through a discussion with experts in talent management. This study has a high quality because of strengthening the effect of an in-depth case study.

Originality/value
The study offers a value added to talent management theory through investigating themes of talent development for the higher education sector. This would assist researchers in this field to provide a deeper understanding and develop a theoretical foundation for their further studies. This implication is unique to the advancement of talent management theory.


This study aims to determine the relationship between teacher professional competence and students' learning outcomes of Madrasah Aliyah Subulussalam 2 East OKU. The research method used was quantitative causal correlations (cause and effect). The population of the study was all students of Madrasah Aliyah Subulussalam 2 East OKU. Sampling was done by using random method, with a total sample was 30 students. In this study there were two variables: variable (X) was the teacher's professional competence and variable (Y) was the students' learning outcomes. Variable X data was obtained by distributing questionnaires, while Y variable was obtained by multiple choice test questions. The questionnaire data obtained an average value was 87.8 from a maximum score was 101 while the average value of the test was 70.13 from a maximum value was 90. From the data, it was processed by using the Product Moment correlation formula. From the results of data processing, it was obtained that the rxy value was 0.79. While t table was 2.048 at N = 28 with a significant level of 5% and t-obtained was 6.82. This means that t-obtained > t table (6.82> 2,048) Ha is accepted while Ho was rejected. From these data it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between teacher professional competence and students' learning outcomes of Madrasah Aliyah Subulussalam 2 East OKU.