As more industries and nations focus on environmental protection, the desire to develop non-toxic, sustainable coatings to protect against corrosion becomes a primary focus. One of the areas on the cutting edge of new coating development is the use of bacteria in corrosion prevention coatings. For many years the focus in the corrosion community was on microbial influenced corrosion with the assumption that all bacteria had negative consequences for corrosion and corrosion fatigue. More recently it has been documented that a variety of bacteria can protect against general surface corrosion. None of the work to date on bacteria preventing general corrosion has shown that the inhibitive effects could also be applied to corrosion fatigue. Researchers at the United States Air Force Academy discovered that a bacteria, Ralstonia pickettii, is capable of reducing the fatigue crack growth rate of AA7075-T651 and AA7475-T7351 in 0.06M NaCl to near that of chromate. In cycles to failure testing in 0.06M NaCl the sample life was extended approximately 5 to 6 times depending on the fatigue loading variables compared to samples in 0.06M NaCl without the bacteria. The mechanism behind the corrosion fatigue protection is being investigated in hopes that it could lead to the development of new coatings to reduce corrosion fatigue. The current theories behind how the bacteria slows corrosion fatigue crack propagation are (1) presence of a biofilm, (2) metal sequestration and replating on the crack surface, (3) desalination of the test solution, and (4) oxide layer development and repair.


The study of word length has an almost 150-year long history: it was on August 18, 1851, when Augustus de Morgan, the well-known English mathematician and logician (1806–1871), in a letter to a friend of his, brought forth the idea of studying word length as an indicator of individual style, and as a possible factor in determining authorship. Specifically, de Morgan concentrated on the number of letters per word and suspected that the average length of words in different Epistles by St. Paul might shed some light on the question of authorship; generalizing his ideas, he assumed that the average word lengths in two texts, written by one and the same author, though on different subjects, should be more similar to each other than in two texts written by two different individuals on one and the same subject (cf. Lord 1958). Some decades later, Thomas Corwin Mendenhall (1841–1924), an American physicist and metereologist, provided the first empirical evidence in favor of de Morgan's assumptions. In two subsequent studies, Mendenhall (1887, 1901) elaborated on de Morgan's ideas, suggesting that in addition to analyses "based simply on mean word-length" (1887: 239), one should attempt to graphically exhibit the peculiarities of style in composition: in order to arrive at such graphics, Mendenhall counted the frequency with which words of a given length occur in 1000-word samples from different authors, among them Francis Bacon, Charles Dickens, William M. Thackerey, and John Stuart Mill. Mendenhall's (1887: 241) ultimate aim was the description of the "normal curve of the writer", as he called it:


Almost half of U.S. high-school students are sexually active. Based on data from a cross-sectional nationally representative CDC survey (a written


We propose that a measurement of the number of protons and antiprotons in the hemisphere opposite a large transverse momentum proton can distinguish between two important models for large transverse momentum processes. The Parton Jet Model (PJM), where the underlying mechanism is assumed to be quark-quark scattering, is characterized by a surplus of protons over antiprotons in the jet opposite the detected proton, while the Constituent Interchange Model (CIM) predicts that the jet opposite the trigger proton be populated on the average by more antiprotons than protons. (Submitted to Phys. Rev. ) * Work supported by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission.


Published in Agron. J. 104:1459–1466 (2012) Posted online [DATE] doi:10.2134/agronj2012.0070 Copyright © 2012 by the American Society of Agronomy, 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711. All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. I agricultural practices that involve the use of agrochemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides have greatly increased the global food supply but often with detrimental effects on the environment, such as contamination of ground and surface water, air pollution, and loss of biodiversity. Thus, there is a need to give more attention to the sustainable agricultural systems that rely, as much as possible, on the use and effective management of internal resources (Bohlool et al., 1992). Cultivating N-fixing plants is a valuable approach to curbing the increasing reliance on chemical inputs. Introducing legumes into cereal-dominated cropping systems can provide many advantages, such as fixing great amounts of atmospheric N which will then be partly available to the subsequent crop; reducing the occurrence of pests and weeds; and improving the quality of the soil (Peoples et al., 1995; Stevenson and van Kessel, 1996; Unkovich et al., 1997; van Kessel and Hartley, 2000). Unfortunately, legumes are often considered crops of secondary importance, particularly in the Mediterranean regions (Lopez-Bellido et al., 2003), and as a consequence, they are usually grown without adequate crop management. To take advantage of all the benefits legumes can provide, it is necessary to develop more sustainable and environmentally friendly crop management methods, such as conservation tillage and NT. Reducing the intensity of tillage helps mitigate soil erosion (Jordan et al., 2000), increase soil organic matter (West and Post, 2002), improve soil biodiversity (Kladivko, 2001), enhance aggregation and aggregate stability (Madari et al., 2005), and increase water storage in the soil (Radford et al., 1995). Although these improvements often have positive effects on crop growth and yield (De Vita et al., 2007; He et al., 2011; Cullum, 2012; Giambalvo et al., 2012), contradictory results (as well as considerable year-to-year variation) have been reported for comparisons of conservation tillage and CT. For instance, in environments with a cold spring and poorly draining soil, plowing can result in quick soil warming and rapid drainage, leading to an increase in crop yield (Lal, 2007). Much research around the world has compared the performance of cereal crops grown under CT and conservative tillage, but few studies have examined legume crops, particularly in Mediterranean regions, and even fewer have done so by investigating more than one species. Thus, we studied the effects of the use of NT on the productivity of four grain legumes (chickpea, faba bean, field pea, and lentil) typically grown in semiarid Mediterranean regions. As the value of legume crops lies in great part in their ability to fix N2, an ability that can be affected by agronomic management practices such as soil management systems (Horn et al., 1996; Matus et al., 1997; van Kessel and Hartley, 2000), we also studied the effects of the tillage system (NT vs. CT) on N2 fixation and N accumulation by the four species and constructed a simple N balance to assess the incremental changes in soil N associated with each species and tillage technique. AbSTrACT


Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role in economic development, as they have been the primary source of job/employment creation and output growth, not only in developing but also in developed countries. However, the development of SMEs has its own challenges, especially related to copyright and related economic rights. This paper purposes to analyze how legal arrangements both nationally and internationally in the acquisition of copyright and related economic rights for SMEs in Indonesia. The method used is a normative legal study, in which studies and analyzes include studies of statutory rules and legal theories relating to the acquisition of copyright for SMEs. This paper finds that the Copyright Act and the SMEs Act specifically regulate the acquisition of copyright and economic rights for SMEs. In addition, WIPO Regulation also regulates the acquisition of copyright for SMEs. Keywords—Acquisition of Copyright; Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs); Economic Rights; National and International


In this paper,the reinforcement mechanism of laser for CVD and the choice of LCVD system are discussed. The applica-tion and future of LCVD in preparation of inorgathe thim films are introduced.


Objective To study the pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility of intestinal microbial flora isolated from the cervical canal of women with chronic pelvic inflammation. Methods B ultrasound,CT and endoscopic examination for bacterial morphology,PCR and other testing were proceeded in 501 cases of patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases. Results The intestinal microbial flora was found in the cervical canal of a third women with chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases,in which the enterococcus and Enterobacteria were highly sensitive to azithromycin and josamycin. Conclusion The degree of cross infection of the microbial flora of cervical canal or infection of colonized flora can not only evaluate the effectiveness of treatment measures,but also determine the possible risk of recurrence of inflammation.


:  Annual changes in testicular development and serum levels of androgen and progestins were investigated using captive male spotted halibut Verasper variegatus in order to obtain basic information on the reproductive physiology of this species. Based on the histological observation of testes, male maturity was divided into the following five stages: spermatogonial proliferation stage (July to September), early spermatogenic stage (October), late spermatogenic stage (November to December), functional maturation stage (January to March) and recovery stage (May). Spermatogenesis rapidly progresses during the autumn from October and December and continues until the functional maturation stage (spawning period of female). Serum levels of 11-ketotestosterone gradually increased from August and rapidly increased to a peak (2.8 ± 0.5 ng/mL) in November, suggesting that this steroid is involved in spermatogenesis in this species. Serum 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one levels showed a single small peak (0.55 ± 0.05 ng/mL) in November, suggesting the possibility of the involvement of this steroid hormone in the late spermatogenic period.


While several technical problems could be solved and the reproducibility of the technique appeared to be high enough, the individual variations between different persons seems to limit the importance of using laser Doppler vibrometry for clinical diagnosis. The complexity of the motions of the middle ear bones with frequency dependent superpositions of translational and rotational modes is seen as chance for a yield of information about middle ear diseases. A new concept is presented which relays on two laser beams guided under different angle onto the same spot to determine between the different kinds of motions. The theoretical and basis and first experimental tests are described to evaluate the reliability of this concept.


The Navajo Nation occupies more than 27,000 square miles in the Four Corners region of Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. Population is widely dispersed. The Navajo (Dine) People are isolated both culturally and physically from the mainstream population of the region. Unemployment rates consistently exceed 20 percent and nearly 40 percent of the population lives below the poverty line. In this unlikely setting a retail chain of supermarkets, Bashas' Dine Markets, is thriving. This study analyzes cross-cultural trade practices on the Navajo Nation from the early traders to today's supermarkets and the positive impact the Dine Markets have had on the Navajo Nation. The study also looks at the potential for the Dine Markets to serve as a model for niche marketing to similar cultural clusters.


According to the design features and complex natural environment of the south main bridge,this paper prepared the targeted construction plan and construction process,and introduced construction technology under complicated geological conditions,such as pile foundation construction,steel anchor beam construction,steel box girder hoisting,etc.


Summary Ia Allolobophoru caliginosa, as well as in Eisenia foelida and in Lumbricus terrestris, the celomocytes are represented by eleocyles, amoebocytes and eosinophil leucocytes. In Allolobophoru rosea, besides the amoebocytes and the eleocytes, there are leucocytes clearly different from those existing in the other two mentioned species: they are big, biconvex, discoidal elements, the cytoplasm of which is completely deprived of granulations, clearly eosinophil, and the nucleus of which is nearly round, comparatively small, usually surrounded by a light aureola. These elements are very numerous, while in the other two mentioned species, the oesinophil leucocytes are rather few.


Catalytic hydrogenation with molecular hydrogen dissolved under pressure in non-aqueous solutions containing the title compounds is achieved, during electrolysis, by transferring copper from the anode to the cathode. The rate of hydrogenation and yield of conversion depend on the current density and temperature. Suitable choice of these variables allows complete conversion of aldehydes and ketones into primary and secondary alcohols, respectively.


Citation: Haas P, Esmaeelpour M, Ansari-Shahrezaei S, Drexler W, Binder S. Choroidal thickness in patients with reticular pseudodrusen using 3D 1060-nm OCT maps. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:2674–2681. DOI:10.1167/iovs.13-13338 PURPOSE. To map and analyze choroidal thickness (ChT) in AMD patients with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) using three-dimensional (3D) 1060-nm optical coherence tomography (OCT).


The invention relates to a method for FOSFATIZAR STEEL, COVERED WITH ZINC, AND ALUMINUM USING SOLUTIONS fosfatizacao CONTAINING hydroxylamine and / or sulphonate nitrobenzene, these being very free nickel solutions, nitrites and nitrates, ADDITION OF COPPER AND OXO anions HALOGEN.


The risk of damage when handling delicate objects can be reduced by using soft actuators. This paper presents a novel wireless magnetic polymer composite-driven system for soft robotic manipulation. Magnetic polymer composites, or MPCs, are wireless soft material actuators capable of large deformation and fast response. In this work, an antagonistic pair of MPCs were utilized to control the position and stiffness of a wireless end-effector. Experimental testing revealed that the proposed system could achieve low error position tracking (root mean square error ≤0.438 mm) and variable stiffness across the workspace. This research confirms the feasibility of using MPC for robotic manipulation in applications where displacement and stiffness are essential performance requirements.


Strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ) is a wide-band-gap semiconductor with a variety of novel properties. In this work, bulk single crystal SrTiO 3 samples were heated to 1200°C, resulting in the creation of point defects. These thermally treated samples showed large persistent photoconductivity (PPC) at room temperature. Illumination with sub-gap light (>2.9 eV) caused an increase in free-electron concentration by over two orders of magnitude. After the light is turned off, the conductivity persists at room temperature, with essentially zero decay over several days. The results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements suggest that a point defect is responsible for PPC because the photo-induced response of one of the EPR signals is similar to that seen for the PPC. Due to a large barrier for recapture, the photo-excited electron remains in the conduction band, where it contributes to the conductivity.


Depression is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Increased platelet reactivity is one of several possible mechanisms proposed to explain the relationship between psychosocial factors with coronary heart disease. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is an indicator of platelet activation. MPV associated with
major cardiovascular events in coronary heart disease.
This study aimed to determine the correlation of MPV with depression symptoms in patients with stable angina pectoris.The study design was cross-sectional study. Sampling was carried out in sequence from Stable Angina Pectoris patients who were treated at internal medicine department of Dr. Sardjito hospital yogyakarta. MPV and HAD score were measured once on admission. Data presented as a descriptive analysis of the subjects characteristics in average and standard deviation. Correlation of MPV with depression symptoms in patient with Stable Angina Pectoris assessed with Pearson's correlation. The results were considered at the significance level of p<0.05.
There were 40 subjects, consisting of 20 Stable Angina Pectoris with depression and 20 Stable Angina Pectoris without depression. The mean levels of MPV in this study was 7,56 ± 0,95 fl, mean MPV in SAP patients with depression was 8,45 ± 0,82 fl, whereas in Stable Angina Pectoris patients without depression was 7,68 ± 0,99 fl.
There is difference level of MPV in Stable Angina Pectoris patients with depression and without depression p = 0.009.


Optimal tissue preservation is critical in histotechnology to ensure quality of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections and enable light microscopic assessment by pathologists. Direct immersion of tissues in 10% neutral buffered formalin is the routine practice in histopathology laboratories, but whole body perfusion techniques are occasionally used, especially when high-quality tissue samples are required. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact four different whole body perfusion techniques have on preserving H&E tissue quality and cellular morphology using light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Four different rat whole body perfusion techniques were conducted and compared: (1) physiological saline at pH 7; (2) physiological saline at pH 7 with heparin; (3) 4% paraformaldehyde fixative; and (4) physiological saline at pH 7 with heparin followed by 4% paraformaldehyde. All solutions were chilled prior to the start of the perfusion. Furthermore, alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) immunohistochemistry was employed to investigate the effects of these techniques on tissue antigenicity. Light microscopic examination and comparison of brain, kidney, and pancreas tissues revealed no differences in cellular (nuclear or cytoplasmic) morphology among the four different perfusion techniques. In the liver, a more distinct hepatic cord pattern was noted in groups 1 and 4 compared with groups 2 and 3, with group 2 showing the least distinctive hepatic cord pattern. In addition, a noticeably more prominent vascular congestion was noted in group 3 compared with other groups. Furthermore, more artifactual vacuolation was noted in the brain in group 3 compared with other groups. No differences in αSMA immunorecognition were noted by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, different whole body perfusion can have an impact on hepatic morphology, presence of vascular congestion, and artifactual vacuolation in the brain. The utility of any of the perfusion techniques should be considered on a case-by-case basis depending on the scientific question being answered.


OBJECTIVE
We aimed to investigate the changes in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and apoptotic index in rat testicular tissue, as well as serum and seminal plasma sex hormone levels after vasectomy, and the effect of ozone therapy (OT).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Adult male Wistar rats were used (n=6 per group). Control (G1), sham for 4 weeks (G2) or 6 weeks (G3), orchiectomy at the 4(th) (G4) or 6(th) (G5) week after left vasectomy, orchiectomy at the 4(th) (G6) or 6(th) (G7) week after bilateral vasectomy, orchiectomy after 6 weeks OT following left (G8) or bilateral (G9) vasectomy, orchiectomy after 6 weeks OT (G10).

RESULTS
In the left testes, while there were increases in eNOS and iNOS immunoreactivity and apoptotic indexes in G4 and G5, no changes were observed in contralateral testis. These values increased in G6 and G7, while OT inhibited these parameters in the left testis of G8 and both testes of G9. Sex hormone levels did not show any changes after vasectomy and ozone therapy.

CONCLUSION
While OT was found to be protective against some parameters mentioned above under stress conditions, it seemed to cause some harmful effects when used in healthy conditions.


Abstract Zirconium chloride efficiently catalyzes the conjugate addition of a variety of aliphatic amines to α,β‐unsaturated ester, nitriles, and ketones to give the corresponding β‐amino derivatives in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Aromatic amines do not participate in this transformation.


Computer corpora are seen as very useful reference tools that can be used as alternatives and complementary resources to modern dictionaries. This is because advanced corpora can now be used to carry outenquiries and find linguistic evidence that are not easily found in dictionaries (Flowerdew, 2009).Most importantly, they are accessible to anyone, including language teachers and learners, who would like to investigate various language aspects, register, punctuation, to name just a few. This paper reports on a pilot study conducted with a group of university students engaged in essay error correction and exploring words with affixes using corpora. The study primarily explores participants' experiences and attitudes towards engaging in more autonomous language investigations with little preliminary corpus training. The results generally indicate that participants have positive attitudes toward making use of corpora for error correction and exploring new vocabulary. The paper also discusses some possible obstacles and considerations practitioners should take into account before incorporating corpus activities in the language education.


The goal of integrating Geographical Information System (GIS) with electric management is to enhance the management of electric enterprises. Unfortunately, bad graphics description in GIS results in some problems in electric GIS. For example, geographical information isn't well integrated with electric information. The low efficiency results from large data capability. The paper discusses some key problems in graphical description of electric equipments in electric GIS. To describe the topology of the electric equipments in GIS, graphics-topology method and topology-table method are presented in this paper as well.


The preparation and use of an azide-containing monolithic reactor is described for use in a flow chemistry device and in particular for conducting Curtius rearrangement reactions via acid chloride inputs.


Spanish Universities are undergoing a process of change within the framework of their adaptation to the European Higher Education Area. One of the most interesting aspects concerns the design of new qualifications to be responding to several major challenges. The state regulations stress the need to su pport the development of skills which, in the case of teacher training, are mainly set out in Ministerial Orders. The starting point for the drawing-up of such skills is the White Paper of the Master's Degrees within the European Convergence Programme of the Nacional Agency for the Evaluation of Quality and Credentials (ANECA). Taking as a key reference the competence of this White Paper and the Tuning Project, we have accomplished a research focused on the valuations which the Teacher Training School (Magisterio) students in the three Galician Universities have made about the contribution of the existing training programme to the development of specific skills, and about the importance attached to generic skills and the identified need for training. In this report, we provide some data taken from the research above mentioned focusing on four skills and remarking their meaning for the training of teachers, the challenges of their development and some specific proposals which have been experienced about the subjects 'General Teaching' (Didactica General) and 'Organisation of the School' (Organizacion del centro escolar).


The purpose of the study is a comprehensive hygienic assessment of the relationship between medico-social conditions of educational activities, quality of life and adaptive capabilities of students. During the research conducted on the basis of 5 modern educational institutions of different types: university, college, specialized school, lyceum and school, the significant deviations of indicators of hygienic assessment of daily regimen of pupils and students from generally accepted normative values (p<0.05-0.001)were revealed, which, first of all, concerned the excess of the maximum allowable duration of their daily stay in educational institutions, the length of time required to complete homework, low levels of physical activity, etc. It was found that the highest levels of quality of life among boys and girls are recorded according to the scales of Physical Functioning (PF), Bodily Pain (BP) and Role-Physical (RP), the lowest ones were Mental Health (MH), Vitality (VT) and Social Functioning (SF). The relationships between the values that indicate the characteristics of quality of life and features of the psychophysiological adaptation of pupils and students were revealed. Moreover, the largest number of relationships (r=0.36-0.77; p<0.05-0.001) which characterize quality of life indicators belong to boys according to the scales of Physical Functioning (PF), Mental Health (MH), Vitality (VT) , Bodily Pain (BP); to girls – Bodily Pain (BP), Vitality (VT), Mental Health (MH), General Health (GH), Role-Emotional (RE). When determining the features of intersystem relationships between components of quality of life and indicators of psychophysiological functions, it was found that the closest relationship (r=0.37-0.99; p<0.05-0.001) is observed between the characteristics of the speed of visual-motor reactions, mobility and balance of nervous processes, coordination of movements and indicators of quality of life according to the scales of General Health (GH), Physical Functioning (PF), Social Functioning (SF) and Mental Health (MH).


Prior work proposed "Data Near Here" (DNH), a data search engine for scientific archives that is modeled on Internet search engines. DNH performs a periodic, asynchronous scan of each dataset in an archive, extracting lightweight features that are combined to form a dataset summary. During a search, DNH assesses the similarity of the search terms to the summary features and returns to the user, at interactive timescales, a ranked list of datasets for further exploration and analysis. We will demonstrate the search capabilities and ancillary metadata-browsing features for an archive of observational oceanographic data. While comparing search terms to complete datasets might seem ideal, interactive search speed would be impossible with archives of realistic size. We include an analysis showing that our summary-based approach gives a reasonable approximation of such a "complete dataset" similarity measure.


Induced abortion remains a relatively uncharted research topic in medical demography, social science, and to a lesser extent, in epidemiology. Up to 20% of the 500,000 maternal deaths which occur annually throughout the world, however, may be a consequence of complications of unsafe abortion procedures. The UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Program of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction started a number of studies in 1989 in developing countries on the determinants and consequences of induced abortion. The program's research has produced a wealth of data, with many countries taking important steps to change abortion policy in the interest of improving reproductive health. For example, a study in Mauritius of women hospitalized for abortion revealed that 20% of them had not been using a method of contraception when they became pregnant; a motion was subsequently tabled in the National Assembly to decriminalize abortion. Another study in Chile showed the incidence of induced abortions to be generally under-reported by women and that interventions based upon sound policy can reduce their incidence and improve reproductive health.


A method of influencing a fan-out effect and a lateral register during a printing a web (B; B '), wherein a through printing units (301) applied print is detected by at least two transverse to a web running direction, spaced apart sensors (341) detected, measured values are evaluated with respect to a deviation of the reference layers and made the one hand a lateral register correction by means of a page register control (342) as required and on the other hand a broadening of a printed image by means of an apparatus for influencing the fan-out effect (336) is counteracted, wherein the measured values at least a first of the two sensors (341) both to the side register control (342) as are also used to fan-out control, and at least the measured values of this first sensor with respect to a desired position of the total print image, and the measured values of said first sensor (341) together with the measured values of the other sensor (341 ) Are evaluated together with regard to a distortion or widening of the printed image compared to a set value, wherein the evaluation and determination of required corrections for the lateral register and ...


Statistics for the economics of health care encompasses three enormous subject areas in their own right. In order to make my task more manageable, I have decided not to say very much directly about statistics, as Dr. Alderson of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, and Dr John Fry, leading authorities on mortality and morbidity statistics — which are of course essential data in studying many health issues, have given papers at this seminar. Instead, I shall concentrate on the remaining two, economics and health care and in so doing divide my paper into two parts. The first will look at the evolution of health economics and then I shall turn my attention specifically to the work of my own organisation, the Office of Health Economics (OHE).


A hydrologic study of the Dickson, Tenn., area provided additional information on the occurrence of ground water in the Mississippian carbonate rocks of the western Highland Rim. Twenty-six wells were drilled to determine the occurrence of ground water in relation to topographic position, regolith thickness, streamflow gains or losses, lithology of the underlying formations, and linear feat'ures. Yields of 26 test wells ranged from 0 to about 300 gallons per minute and averaged about 68 gallons per minute. Nine wells yielded 80 to about 300 gallons per minute; specific capacities ranged from about 0.71 to 12.7 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown. Seven of these nine wells yielded water from solution openings in the Warsaw Limestone. The other two wells yielded water from gravel and sand in the regolith. Aquifer tests were conducted on two wells. One well was pumped at an average rate of 350 gallons per minute for 72 hours with 39.77 feet of drawdown. The second well was pumped for 8 hours at 120 gallons per minute with feet drawdown. The water from both wells generally Water from one the


The cornea is the transparent anterior portion of the fibrous tunic of the globe. It is the most important structure of the ocular surface for the maintenance of vision. The histomorphology of the Squirrel ( E.ebii ) cornea was investigated in this study. The Squirrel cornea consisted of five layers – Anterior epithelium, anterior limiting membrane (Bowman's membrane), substancia propria (stroma), posterior limiting membrane (Descement's membrane) and posterior epithelium (endothelium).The anterior epithelium was of the non-keratinized stratified squamous type sitting on a vaguely defined PAS positive anterior limiting membrane. The stroma was made up of regularly arranged collagen fibers with fibrocytes found between the lamella. The posterior limiting membrane was present and was PAS positive. The posterior epithelium consisted of a single layer of large squamous cells.


Preface to the Third Edition Part One, 1815-50 1 England in Transition 2 The Agricultural Labourer 3 The Town Worker 4 The Food of the Rich 5 Food Adulteration Part Two, 1850-1914 6 Feeding the Nation 7 Rural England: Romance and Reality 8 Urban England: Poverty and Progress 9 High Living 10 The Quality of Food Part Three, 1914 to the Present Day 11 The First World War 12 Between the Wars 13 The Second World War 14 Want and Plenty, 1945-85 Select Bibliography Index


Real-time visualization of live-cell dynamic processes has been realized in differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, with an extended-depth-of-focus (EDF) increase of about one order of magnitude. In addition, the diffraction-limited lateral resolution of the microscope is preserved. Experimentally, a custom-designed waveplate inserted in the optical path of a microscope causes feature information, from within the entire 3D specimen volume, to be uniformly encoded into a single CCD image in a way that, after processing, defocus blur artifacts are removed. The result is that extended-depth feature information can be visualized at video rates during live-cell dynamics investigations because there is no longer the need to acquire multi-focus image stacks at each time point. Retrieving the encoded extended-depth information requires specialized digital image processing techniques. This work concentrates on digital filter design for the reconstruction of the waveplate-encoded images. As a measure of filter quality, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the modulation transfer function and the least mean square values are evaluated. Obtaining a high SNR and a lateral resolution comparable to those in conventional single-focus-plane microscopy images at the same time is a challenging goal in EDF microscopy. Filters are created in the frequency domain on the basis of the measured waveplate-encoded point spread functions. Results show that it is possible to produce video-rate, extended-depth-offocus images that have low noise levels and diffraction-limited resolution. This is illustrated by movies of fluorescent beads and of cytoplasmic streaming in live stamen hair cells from the spiderwort plant, Tradescantia, using extendeddepth DIC microscopy.


A critical problem in the development of knowledge-based systems is capturing knowledge from the experts. There are many knowledge elicitation techniques that might aid this process, but the fundamental problem remains: tacit knowledge that is normally implicit, inside the expert's head, must be externalised and made explicit. Knowledge acquisition (KA) thus has been well recognised as a bottleneck in the development of knowledgebased systems and is a key issue in knowledge engineering. Traditionally, KA techniques can be grouped into three categories: manual, semi-automated (interactive) and automated (machine learning (ML) and data mining). Since the early days of artificial intelligence (AI), the problem of KA, the elicitation of expert knowledge in building knowledge bases, has been recognised as a fundamental issue in knowledge engineering. Fifteen years ago the Encyclopaedia of Artificial Intelligence wrote, "Acquiring and modelling knowledge effectively can be the most timeconsuming portion of the knowledge engineering process. Little methodology is practiced beyond unstructured interviewing. Automated methods are, for the most part, still in the research stage." (Shapiro 1992, Vol. 1, p. 719). Much has changed since that day. On the one hand, various modelling methodologies and tools for KA have been constructed; for example, CommonKADS, a comprehensive methodology that covers the complete


With the combination of mobile network and fixed network,VPN networking mode in industry application is explored and innovated.By deploying cross-domain MPLS VPN in between 3G mobile network and wideband VPN network,the interconnection between enterprise's intranet and 3G mobile network is achieved.Meanwhile,lots of measures are adopted to guarantee the security of VPN network,and the reuse of users' addresses in industry application is realized,thus opening a new networking mode and providing a strong support for the development of industry application.


We propose two simple and efficient algorithms to improve the efficiency of collaborative representation based classification with regularized least square (CRC_RLS) in Face Recognition. Based on the observation that the reconstruction coefficient vector infinite-norm is correlated to the corresponding test sample label, we propose CRC with infinite-norm (CRC_IN) algorithm, which greatly improve the speed. Furthermore, we improve the classification accuracy by proposing another algorithm. The CRC with Manhattan-norm (CRC_MN) algorithm is proposed by utilizing the strong correlation between the maximal Manhattan-norm of all groups in reconstruction coefficient vector and test sample label. The extensive experiments clearly show that CRC_MI run faster than CRC_RLS by about 47~131 times, the accuracy is the same or similar to CRC_RLS.


In this work dual-layer design of modified elliptical patches with slots is proposed to realize circular polarization and broadband performance. The assembly has two FR-4 substrates parted by a foam material devouring 2 mm thickness. The simulation is conceded by means of IE3D software. The feed location, dimensions of slots and wideness of air slit were augmented to realize preeminent performance. The impedance bandwidth of proposed antenna is 29.03% and axial ratio bandwidth of 233 MHz. The gain of proposed antenna is nearly 6 dBi and is almost constant in the desired frequency range. The radiation patterns within bandwidth are more or less alike in nature.


Once meltwater reaches the base of a snowpack it can infiltrate the underlying stratum, runoff, or refreeze and form a basal ice layer. Basal ice formation is most common early in melt over saturated or very cold frozen soils. Initial meltwater becomes enriched in ion concentrations compared to the parent snow due to ion fractionation during thaw and percolation through the snowpack. If ion exclusion occurs during basal ice formation, further enrichment of initial runoff water ion concentrations might occur. The influence of basal ice formation on runoff water chemistry was examined by comparing ion concentrations in runoff water that had sustained basal ice contact, to meltwater before basal ice contact. A series of experiments, involving melting a snowpack in a large insulated box over a cold impermeable substrate in a temperature‐controlled room, were carried out. A cooling system at the chemically inert base ensured formation of basal ice during snowmelt. Meltwater samples were collected throughout melt from within the snowpack using an extraction tube; runoff water was collected at the base. All samples were analysed for major anions and cations. Results showed that formation of basal ice layers can sometimes enrich the initial runoff water compared to meltwater before basal ice contact. Ion concentrations in basal ice contact runoff water were up to sixteen times greater than those in no‐contact meltwater; however, on average, basal ice contact runoff water showed 1·5 times the ion concentrations of the no‐contact meltwater. Enrichment was greatest with the rapid formation of a thick basal ice layer. The implications are that basal ice formation alters both meltwater ion pathway and concentration. When no basal ice is present, enhanced infiltration of meltwater ion load can cause relatively dilute runoff water. When basal ice is present all meltwater runs off and further ion‐concentration enrichment occurs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The authors studied the complete convergence for weighted sums ofρ--mixing random variables sequence without assumption of identical distribution via truncation method forρ--mixing random variables sequence,Hlder inequality,Markov inequality,Jensen inequality,Cr inequality,moment inequality and Rosenthal inequality.As an example of application,we further extended the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund type strong law of large numbers for weighted sums ofρ--mixing random variables sequence with the aid of Borel-Cantelli lemma.


A procedure against heavy multipath is developed in this thesis, which also can handle the ordinary multipath. Besides, another mechanism is proposed to extending the phase noise tolerance. The biggest problem of the conventional 1-tap equalizer is that it will enhance the noise while correcting the received signal once the singular channel occurs. Hence, we propose a pilot-based adaptive channel equalization that will update the channel information every OFDM symbol. In 2.4 GHz, the overall system performance gain is about 6 dB compared with the reference design for IEEE channel model with RMS delay spread 50 ns and 13 taps. Considering the phase noise, it is not so easy. Obviously, the system performance dramatically degrades when the phase noise increases. Therefore, we develop a new CFO joint phase noise model. The phase noise detection and compensation architectures are proposed at the same time. This algorithm extends the tolerance of phase noise from maximum loop bandwidth 7 ppm, maximum loop time constant 1.1 kHz to 11 ppm and 25 kHz in respectively.


The dual-sensor guidance is one of the key technical for the missile weapon system to attack precisely,the optimized research based on the dual-sensor guidance track fusion algorithm have certain theory and engineering application value.According to the engineering application request of the optimum fusion algorithms for tracking based on IR/MMW dual-sensor guidance,considering the performance of real-timing,robustness,anti-jamming etc,the project of optimum fusion algorithms for tracking was put forward.First,the feature of the sky condition based on characters was established,the decision credibility factor based on strategic decision was used,and the fusion algorithms for tracking was improved.Second,the decision information was provided based on the different characteristic in-flight and fuzz neural network,the fusion algorithms for tracking was used optimally.At last,the simulation results show that the algorithm is available.


The crystal refining of silicon particle(Sip) reinforced ZA27 composites(Sip/ZA27) by Zr and RE has been studied,resulting in that adding proper content of Zr or RE has led refinement to a certain degree;the grain refining ability of Zr was stronger than that of RE though with an addition of Zr and RE combination the fine equiaxial structure could be obtained,reaching a minimum value of grain size about 60μm as 0.2%Zr and 0.8%RE added.


The article on the contemporary approach analysis of sovereign debt reveals the basic structures of national economy alternative financing. The methodology of system dynamics is applied to explain the sovereign debt burden pressure feedback process. The main effects of resilience to external shocks are explored. The problem of dynamic balancing between long-term economic development and short-term financial stability is detected. The analysis for borrowing capacity of the national economy is explored using the system dynamics methods. The resource curse "vicious cycle" should be overridden by increasing total factor productivity and decreasing sovereign debt. The main findings of the article concern the nonlinear relationships in the national economic debt system and reveal the issues of the sovereign debt trap enhanced by the resource type of economic development. The model developed in this article reflects the main role of innovations (total factor productivity growth) in coming out of the "resource curse" debt trap. The hypothesis that sovereign debt can be eliminated arises from the possibility of autonomous national economic development and endogenous business cycle stabilization. Such a point of view allows to capture the important interrelationships between the national economic development and external borrowings due to the concept of policy resistance implementation. It is indicated that the complex systems modeling likelihood to develop the sovereign debt policy for demonstration of the negative impact of debt trap on economic development. In order to achieve the results, issued in the article, a basic control loop model was developed using reference mode data with appropriate initial structure model construction. JEL classification: B22, C53, C61, E17, E5 Manuscript received 30.04.2020


Mentoring is an appropriate vehicle for promoting professional development of rehabilitation counseling students and novice professionals. Viranyi, Crimando, Riggar and Schmidt (1992) maintained that mentoring can be a beneficial way for rehabilitation agencies to provide needed information to new graduate degree holders who landed supervisory positions, yet have limited management and/or supervisory skills. Blackwell (1989) defined mentoring as "a process by which persons of special rank, special achievements, and prestige instruct, counsel, guide and facilitate the intellectual and/or career development of persons identified as proteges". The mentor-protege relationship helps the agency reach its goals while facilitating the career and professional development of both parties (Kram, 1985). Mentoring relationships are typically intense, close, interactive and sometimes immensely complex. More often than not, mentoring relationships parallel parenting relationships due to such patterns as authority, respect, intimacy and trust (Blackwell, 1989). According to Thomas (1989), Mentors and proteges are frequently pulled between two opposing archetypal images of the relationship itself. On the one side, the protege feels like the child, and the mentor like the parent. On the other side, nourished by the myth of "Mentors," the servant who raised the son of his master Oedipus to manhood, mentors feel obliged to educate the "young" so that the corporation can thrive. Informal or natural mentoring has existed throughout the ages. Serendipitously, two individuals grow to know and like each other through interactions. Common interests are discovered and a relationship is developed where the less experienced person is provided unofficial intermediary assistance by the more experienced person (Redmond, 1990). Although this form of mentoring is ideal, many rehabilitation counseling students and/or novice professionals are not privy to such involvement. Natural mentoring usually takes place among persons who feel comfortable with each other. While shifts in gender composition are becoming apparent in the workplace, European-American males still surpass all other groups; therefore, females are less likely to be in situations where natural mentoring takes place. Thus, planned or formal mentoring programs must be developed to ensure that females are receiving increased opportunities for professional development. Mentoring relationships can be invaluable to one's professional growth and development; however, they are not free from problems. When a mentor and protege are paired in relationships where differences exist, i.e. gender, problems sometimes arise. Many studies have focused attention on the benefits proteges garner through both formal and informal mentoring relationships (Noe, 1988; Kram, 1985, Roche, 1979). To date, Viranyi et al. (1991) is the only piece of rehabilitation literature that talks about the significance of mentoring. This article examines issues and adversities that may exist when persons are paired in cross-gender mentoring relationships. Mentors and the Mentoring Relationship Mentoring has been considered to be so effective as a management training and career development tool that organizations are investigating formal programs designed to foster such relationships among their employees (Kram, 1985; McKeen & Burke, 1989). Mentoring can be seen as having two components, one dealing with the transfer of marketable and often discipline-based skills, behaviors and attitudes, and the other related to the social and emotional interaction that makes the transfer of knowledge and skills possible (Hill, 1989: Schockett, 1985). According to Blackwell (1989), mentors perform a multitude of functions in order to foster professional development of proteges. Such functions include: (1) providing training; (2) stimulating the acquisition of knowledge; (3) providing information about various programs within the setting; (4) providing emotional support and encouragement and helping the protege develop coping strategies during periods of turmoil; (5) socializing proteges regarding the role requirements, expectations, and organizational imperatives or demands of the profession; (6) creating an understanding of the organizational bureaucracy and the ways one can maneuver within the system: (7) inculcating, by example, a value system and a professional ethic; (8) providing informal instructions, again by example, about demeanor, etiquette, collegiality, and day-to-day inter-personal relations; (9) helping the protege build self-confidence, heighten self-esteem, and strengthen motivation to perform at one's greatest potential; and (10) defending and protecting the protege, correcting mistakes, and demonstrating techniques of avoiding unnecessary problems. …


National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) has been launched in India with an aim to reduce the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) of the country. With the inception of NRHM, reduction of MMR is evident across all the States. Despite the decrease in MMR, the State of Assam continues to have higher than the national average. Various strategies have been adopted for curbing the increased MMR of the State including awareness generation through mass media. Print media is one of the sources for carrying health related messages to the masses. The present study is based on the content analysis of the coverage on Antenatal Care (ANC) by NRHM in a widely known local daily newspaper – The Assam Tribune. The concerned newspaper is studied on the content of coverage related to NRHM for a period of one year. It is observed that, in terms of numbers, maximum coverage by NRHM in the concerned paper are related to tender/quotation notices, advertisement for manpower recruitment and audits and bid. In terms of area of the column, maximum column space is occupied by display ads on feature articles, services provided under NRHM and projection of special drives like Mission Indradhanush for, Mission Tejaswi for consumption of Iron and Folic Acid, Intensified Diarrhoea Control Fortnight (IDCF) for diarrhea control, Deworming Day, etc. Coverage of content related to ANC is almost negligible. Advocacy of the media fraternity needs to be strengthened based on the present context for health promotion in mass media.


ABSTRACT The essential oil isolated by steam distillation from the aerial parts of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Among the 41 compounds identified, the major chemical category was the sesquiterpenoids (79.7%), with β-caryophyllene (26.8%), α-humulene (33.7%) andgermacrene-D (10.0%) beingthe most abundant.


Efficacy of different insecticides viz. Spinosad 48SC, Cypermethrin 25EC, Profenophos 50EC and Indoxacarb 15EC @ 150, 250, 1250 and 500 ml/ha, respectively against pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Geyer) in pigeonpea was tested. All tested insecticides significantly decreased the larval population of pod borer, flower incidence, pod damage and increased the grain yield as compared to untreated control. But Spinosad 48SC @ 150ml/ha was found to be most effective against test insect and it was closely followed by Indoxacarb 15EC and Cypermethrin 25EC.


The work was performed in the Institute of human ecology of the SB RAS and Central Siberian botanic garden of the SB RAS. The result of the research on accumulation ability of ornamental plants leafs in the conditions of urban environment is presented. In the conditions of Academic town the major source of pollution is motor vehicles. The data of the influence of motor transport pollution on the contents of common sulphur of ornamental perennial plants leafs were analyzed. The accumulation ability of leafs of twelve species in the condition of urban environment were defined. Species specificity in accumulating of the sulphur in ornamental plants has been revealed. The high content of the sulphur at Iris, Hemerocallis, Hosta near the motor transport in July has been marked. The high absorption of the suphur at Hemerocallis and Hosta in flowering period and Iris in fading period is determined. The obtained data can be used in ecological monitoring of urban environment.


In this paper, an efficient and unconditionally stable rectangular domain decomposition algorithm is proposed. The order of accuracy of the prediction scheme of the new algorithm is second. Numerical experiments support efficiency, accuracy, and unconditional stability of the method.


Dynamic properties of soils, such as shear wave velocity and damping, are some of critical parameters in the design of civil infrastructures subjected to vibrations from earthquakes and machine foundations. Bender element (BE) testing is used in the laboratory to determine shear wave velocity; however, there is no standard procedure for the interpretation of the results. The main limitation in BE testing is the correct estimation of the shear wave arrival time leading to uncertainty in the values of shear wave velocity. In this paper, three different automatic methods for the shear wave arrival time detection were tested. From these methods, a new procedure was proposed for the automatic determination of the shear wave arrival time using the Akaike information criterion. The method is tested on a series of bender element measurements giving less than 5 % error when the results were compared with the standard method for a signal-to-noise ratio higher than four.


Abstract Olive oil mills and enterprises demand fast and low-cost detection of adulteration from vegetable and seed oils, such as hazelnut, sunflower, soybean, cannabis, corn and almond oil, according to their food fraud mitigation plans. This study describes a method for the detection of adulteration using the k 232 and k 268 (specific extinctions at wavelengths 232 nm and 268 nm, respectively), and the Δk (the variation of the absolute value of the extinction) values as independent variables in chemometric approaches. Different percentages of seed oils were added to the extra virgin olive oil and the results showed that vegetable and seed oil adulteration above 7.5% (w/w) was easily detected. The developed methodology is low cost, rapid, and simple for adoption by olive oil enterprises in comparison to other techniques. This is the first time that such an easy method may be applied for the olive mills for the protection of consumers using a well-organized food fraud mitigation plan.


The folded hypercube is a well-known variation of hypercube structure and can be constructed from a hypercube by adding an edge to every pair of vertices with complementary addresses. Let FFv (respectively, FFe) denote the set of faulty vertices (respectively, faulty edges) in an n-dimensional folded hypercube FQn. In the case that all edges in FQn are fault-free, Cheng et al. [Cycles embedding on folded hypercubes with faulty vertices, Discrete Appl. Math. 161 (2013) 2894–2900] has shown that (1) every fault-free edge of FQn −FFv lies on a fault-free cycle of every even length from 4 to 2n − 2|FF v| if |FFv|≤ n − 2, where n ≥ 3; and (2) every fault-free edge of FQn −FFv lies on a fault-free cycle of every odd length from n + 1 to 2n − 2|FF v|− 1 if |FFv|≤ n − 2, where n ≥ 2 is even. In this paper, we extend Cheng's result to obtain two further properties, which consider both vertex and edge faults, as follows: (1) Every fault-free edge of FQn −FFv −FFe lies on a fault-free cycle of every even length from 4 to 2n − 2|FF v| if |FFv| + |FFe|≤ n − 2, where n ≥ 3; (2) Every fault-free edge of FQn −FFv −FFe lies on a fault-free cycle of every odd length from n + 1 to 2n − 2|FF v|− 1 if |FFv| + |FFe|≤ n − 2, where n ≥ 2 is even.


summary:This paper argues that the social structures of the classical and early Hellenistic polis were governed by a normative "hierarchy of violence" that rendered free Greek non-citizens vulnerable to extrajudicial harm. It looks beyond the legal protections afforded to some outsiders and explains that the use of extrajudicial violence was considered the prerogative of the nominally untouchable citizen. I conclude that hierarchies of violence persisted to varying degrees in poleis throughout the Aegean world, as citizens sought to preserve and enforce their privileges over outsiders while seeking to financially profit from the opportunities brought about by new commercial prospects.


Abstract: Nowadays, many studies have been conducted on corporate financial distress anticipation using data mining techniques. Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree Algorithms are three current methods for data mining to anticipate corporate financial distress. This study compares the anticipation accuracy of these three methods in anticipation of corporate financial distress. The effect of combining these three methods is also studied through relative majority voting method to improve anticipation of corporate financial distress.
Statistical population of this study includes 100 sound companies and 100 distressed companies, active in Tehran Stock Exchange Market between 2005 and 2011, which were studied for the two years of "t" and "t-1". Findings of the study show that decision tree with 95.95% accuracy for the year "t" and artificial neural network with 89.92% accuracy for the year "t-1" have the highest level of efficiency to anticipate corporate financial distress. The results also show that combination of relative majority voting with 93.89% accuracy in the year "t" and 89.89% accuracy in the yea "t-1" is able to anticipate corporate financial distress.


In our time people began to search for resting in historical, cultural and natural environments being other than coast, sea and urban tourism and they began to prefer different tourism activities. Tourism requests focusing on traditional settlements with cultural and natural values, have causes a sustainable tourism approach to come out.  Ecological tourism, which is one of the sustainable tourism types, is being used as a development tool by protecting the history, culture and nature.  Ecological tourism has the least impact on natural environment, ecological and cultural heritage while it contributes to the tourism area where it is applied by protecting values, providing local economical benefits and with the educational aspects it has. In the study it is being focused on making use of  Sille, which is newly opened to tourism as having natural, historical and cultural structure and bearing value with regards to alternative tourism, through ecological tourism. In the first part of the study ecological tourism has been defined. In the second part natural, cultural and architectural features of Sille have been explained and in the third part changes lived through in Sille with regards to sociocultural and architectural aspects have been mentioned. As the conclusion the particulars to be realized in Sille with regards to ecological tourism have been recommended in order to protect its values and to benefit from tourism while transfering these values to the future.


[Table of Contents] Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 Why Rethinking? 2. The Social Organization of Scientific and Technological Advance 3. Big Science and Large Technological Systems 4. Science, Technology, and Economic Change 5. The Mediation of Politics as a Large Technological System 6. The Consumption of Technology in Everyday Life 7. Who's Afraid of Scientific Objectivity and Technological Determinism? Notes References Index


The 20th century is a century when both intra-national order and internationalorder were frequently changing. The struggles have never stopped focusingon setting order. Today with the East-west cold war over for 10 years, there arestill strong appeals for peace and stability, and demands for establishing a newinternational order. The War on Kosovo in the end of the 20th century is a sig-nificant attempt from the U. S. and other major Western powers to set up a newworld order without caring whether by means of force or even of war. This war


• Current evidence highlights the importance of adopting a multifactorial approach for the prevention of vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Lowering of blood pressure with regimens based on a variety of antihypertensive drugs, including ACE inhibitors, ARBs, β-blockers, diuretics, and calcium channel blockers, has been shown to be effective in reducing cardiovascular events in diabetics.


A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME REGARDING KNOWLEDGE AND LEVEL OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AMONG BASIC B.Sc. NURSING STUDENTS OF SELECTED COLLEGE AT BANGALORE. OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge regarding Emotional Intelligence before and after administration of Structured Teaching Programme among Basic B.Sc. Nursing students, to assess the Level of Emotional Intelligence before administration of Structured Teaching Programme among Basic B.Sc. Nursing students, to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme regarding knowledge of Emotional Intelligence among the Basic B.Sc. Nursing students, to assess the association between the knowledge regarding Emotional Intelligence and demographic variables and association between Level of Emotional Intelligence and demographic variables amongst the Basic B.Sc. Nursing students. METHODS: The Research approach used for the study was quasiexperimental research approach with one group pretest & posttest design with 60 Basic B.Sc. Nursing students at the selected College of Nursing, Bangalore using convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using structured knowledge questionnaire. The Level of Emotional Intelligence was assessed by utilizing a standardized Schuttes Emotional Intelligence Test (SEIT). Reliability of the tool was tested by split half method. The data was analyzed and tabulated in terms of the objectives of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The results showed that the structured teaching programme was effective to increase in the knowledge regarding Emotional Intelligence of the Basic B.Sc. Nursing students. CONCLUSION: Knowledge regarding Emotional Intelligence may be useful in Personal, Professional and social life of the Basic B.Sc. Nursing students. Also, it may aide the students in handling stress and life issues on daily basis. Hence it was felt that the structured teaching programme would be useful in imparting knowledge about Emotional Intelligence, thus empowering the Basic B.Sc. Nursing students to utilize this knowledge in becoming a Emotionally Intelligent and proficient Nursing professional in near future.


In this paper, two kinds of on-off running mode, is introduced for a cylinder system controlled by high speed on-off valve with a closed terminal, and the transfer function is obtained in simulation. one of which is adjusted by changing pressure dispersion because PWM discontinuous control of air supply can adjust nothing but response time, by the other of which duty cycle-position/pressure or pressure dispersion-position/pressure proportion control is implemented by PWM alternate control of air supply and atmosphere.Its dynamic and static feactures are provided by simulation, and on the basis of them a control method of cylinder system controlled by high speed on-off valve with a closed terminal is also provided.The result is showed by experiment that PWM position fix of the cylinder with a closed terminal can be implemented by the device and feasibility of method is validated, which is also helpful for construction of the PWM pneumatic system controlled by high speed on-off valve in theory.


Summary Response to1000CCA unitAichi/68 andJapan/57 influenza vaccines was studied in687volunteers from ages6-101inthesummer of1971. Thevaccines, prepared byzonal ultracentrifugation, werewell tolerated inall age-groups. Antibody responses werecomparable witheachvaccine andwerestrongly influenced byage ofthevolunteer. Persons bornsince 1940(age31and under) hadamuchmoreimpressive responseasdeterminedbybothoverall geometric mean titre rise and °/with> four-fold increase intitre thanpersonsborn before 1940.Themostreasonable explanation for thisphenomenon seemstobethegreater prior exposureoftheyoungerage-groups tothestrains in thevaccines. Itisconcluded that more attention needs tobegiven inthefuture toassessing vaccine potency intheage-groupsforwhichthemaximumprotection isdesired, namely, theelderly.


ABSTRACT The paper studies, in a general way, how the random properties of a 'medium' influence the percolation of a 'fluid' through it. The treatment diifers from conventional diffusion theory, in which it is the random properties of the fluid that matter. Fluid and medium bear general interpretations: for example, solute diffusing through solvent, electrons migrating over an atomic lattice, molecules penetrating a porous solid, disease infecting a community, etc.


The World Heritage Convention provides the potential for a comprehensive legal and policy framework that allows for the identification, management, governance, and protection of the world´s most outstanding natural marine areas. There are currently 46 sites included in the World Heritage List that have been designated primarily for their marine natural features of Outstanding Universal Value. In addition to these 46 sites, 25 other natural and mixed WH sites contain marine areas or features of marine interest. For future designations, this study suggests a framework of 16 broad themes of marine and ocean features to which natural World Heritage criteria might be applied in the development of mWHS. In regard to criterion (vii), the study recommends the criterion be invoked (for the largest, fastest, highest, deepest, etc.) for a natural feature, but usually (but not exclusively) that feature will have satisfied one of the other three natural criteria in addition to criterion (vii). Extending the application of the World Heritage Convention to the marine environment requires a significant expansion of features that could be classed under criterion (viii). From a focus on geology and geomorphology, this criterion most naturally is able to encompass the physical components of oceanography. Finally, in keeping with the recent World Heritage thematic study on terrestrial biodiversity, this report recommends that ecosystems, communities and the processes that underpin them be considered under criterion (ix), while criterion (x) is used with a focus on species, in particular of threatened species with high global value, and the importance of key sites and habitats in achieving their survival. Currently, there is a relatively small number (46 of 981 or 4.7%) of WHS that have been inscribed for their outstanding marine values, and these marine WHS represent predominantly tropical ecosystems as opposed to temperate and polar ecosystems. A large majority of the world's 62 nearshore biogeographic provinces (47 provinces or 76%) do not contain any mWHS or contain a low (<1%) coverage that is not likely to capture the full range of values and features present in these provinces. Finally, a large proportion of the world's offshore provinces, representing 40% of all global oceans, do not contain any mWHS. In order to fulfill the World Heritage Committee's Global Strategy of developing a representative, balanced and credible World Heritage List, States Parties are encouraged to increase their efforts, with the support of IUCN, the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, and regional and global marine scientists and conservationists, to identify and nominate marine sites of potential OUV, especially in biogeographic regions that are not yet represented, or underrepresented, on the WH List.


P4‐ATPases translocate aminophospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine (PS), to the cytosolic leaflet of membranes. PS is highly enriched in recycling endosomes (REs) and is essential for endosomal membrane traffic. Here, we show that PS flipping by an RE‐localized P4‐ATPase is required for the recruitment of the membrane fission protein EHD1. Depletion of ATP8A1 impaired the asymmetric transbilayer distribution of PS in REs, dissociated EHD1 from REs, and generated aberrant endosomal tubules that appear resistant to fission. EHD1 did not show membrane localization in cells defective in PS synthesis. ATP8A2, a tissue‐specific ATP8A1 paralogue, is associated with a neurodegenerative disease (CAMRQ). ATP8A2, but not the disease‐causative ATP8A2 mutant, rescued the endosomal defects in ATP8A1‐depleted cells. Primary neurons from Atp8a2−/− mice showed a reduced level of transferrin receptors at the cell surface compared to Atp8a2+/+ mice. These findings demonstrate the role of P4‐ATPase in membrane fission and give insight into the molecular basis of CAMRQ.


OW much do we.know about Hebrew prepositions? Some years ago, ivhile working through t t several thousand instances of the preposition lamed in the Hebrew Bible for the Sheffield JL JL dictionary, I reached the conclusion that we know much less than is often supposed; and how much easier it would have been if I had had available the third volume of Ernst Jenni's work on prepositions!I Jenni deals with the more than twenty thousand occurrences of this, the most frequent preposition in the Bible, and all users of the Hebrew will be in his debt for the painstaking analysis that classifies usage under ninety-nine Rllbrikell. As usual, the referencing system enables users both to pass from a given passage to the classification, and then to see all the other examples of similar usage. A summary of the book is impossible for obvious reasons, but users will find the summaries at the head of each of the nine main sections compulsory reading, providing an indispensable overview of this ubiquitous and often elusive preposition.


In order to improve the sum-rate of the two-way relay system,this paper proposes an optimal power allocation scheme in Two-way AF relay system which uses the technology of SNR Balancing( SNR-Balancing-IPA),and the expression of the optimal power allocation is derived. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed Optimal Power Allocation scheme can effectively improve the sum rate of the system,thus improving the performance of the system.


Objective To improve the near and long term survival by analysing the effect of cerebral hemorrhage on kidney transplantation and the postoperative treatment.Methods The data of 2 cases with kidney transplantation who had cerebral hemorrhage were analyzed retrospectively.Results After preoperative preparation,operation and post-operation treatment,two patients survived well.Conclusion In the kidney transplantation in post-cerebral hemorrhagical patients,attention should be paid to graft matching and graft quality firstly.Perioperation treatment and proper immuno-suppressive regimes is important.


The training of a specialised community and public health nutrition (CPHN) workforce assumes they are optimally placed to address food and nutrition issues at a population and community level. However, concomitant with the rise of diet as the leading risk factor contributing to the burden of disease in Australia, has been a dramatic disinvestment in this workforce. Permanent, full time nutritionist positions embedded in communities or population settings are few. If an organisation invests in a nutrition intervention it is increasingly implemented by generalist staff often on temporary appointments. This approach limits the extent to which nutrition issues can be effectively addressed. In addition, a professionally connected workforce has a greater capacity to collaborate and strategically act in a complementary way to enhance investment.

Objectives

1. To analyse global, national and state workforce trends to better understand the context of the current CPHN job market

2. To empower participants to take action on CPHN workforce development

Workshop agenda

1. Introduction: Present available data on the Australian Community and Public Health Nutrition workforce by jurisdiction and sector (Dr Helen Vidgen QUT) 1:15-1:20pm

2. Key trends in future work and workforce development (Sonia Cooper, Deputy Commissioner, Queensland Public Sector Commission) 1:20-1:40pm

2.1. Q&A session re: its application to CPHN 1:40-1:50pm

3. Group work session: How can I take action in my setting or to gain employment? (Facilitated by Dr Andrea Begley, Curtin University and Judy Seal, Tasmanian Department of Health) 1:50-2:20pm

4. Groups to feed back for panel discussion (convened by Dr Penny Love, Deakin University) panel members: 2:20-2:40pm

4.1. Christine Innes-Hughes (NSW Health): A case study of a sustained workforce

4.2. Andrea Begley (Curtin University): Implications for workforce training

4.3. Margaret Rozman (Nutrition Australia, Victoria): A case study of workforce growth in the NGO sector

5. Summary and wrap up (Helen Vidgen) 2:40-2:45pm


The main purpose of this article is to study the changes in Russian social policy in the past 18-20 years. The starting point is that social policy is a vague concept, by which a set of practical measures and theoretical approaches is being implied. One of the most important reasons to this is the theoretical instability of this concept is the general lack of positivism and determinism in social sciences and its failure to explain social changes. The processes of self-organization of population in Russia have been so many times interrupted by the state. The society already got used to being organized from above, however, in the last decades it seems that many major social groups as well as individuals have become rather confused and have lost their point of reference in the face of the state. The authorities, on the other hand, still do not interact with society, rather they are trying to influence it with usual strength. Different groups of population attempt to articulate their interests through the network of the NGOs, but the access barriers to any kind of discussion continue to be quite impenetrable. Redistribution mechanisms work badly, but these do not exhaust the essence of social policy. Thus, we still lack rational and attractive objectives of social development for the population. These, it seems, should most likely be related to improvement of education and health provision systems. According to its education component of HDI Russia was ranked 37th among the rest countries in 2010, while in the 1960s Russia (USSR) was in the top five of the most educated countries. The situation is far worse with the health of its population, according to its life expectancy modern Russia is far beyond many developed countries being ranked the 100th. And this with its policies offering the development of medical services rather than improving health per se. There is an apparent lack of understanding in the government with respect to the fact that the quality of life has become more important than wealth. Educated people in Russia appreciate interesting jobs and the freedom of choice, however, higher levels of economic differentiation among individuals, social groups and territories have become a serious constraint to pursuing any kind of reasonable professional motivation. No wonder, there is no consensus about the goals of development and ways of achieving them. There has also been a sharp decrease in employment in the last 15-18 years. The average number of employed at medium and large enterprises has decreased by more than one third according to official statistical data. At the same time the number of subsistence farmers and households has grown significantly, many people prefer not to buy, but to selfproduce vegetables, potatoes, fruits. About 1/3 of the adult population is involved in these kinds of activities during the peak season. This is to a greater extent possible because of flexible and irregular employment at enterprises. But the major motive behind such a strange employment model are low wages delivered at many Russian enterprises. Low wages and poor working conditions also remain the main cause of industrial conflict. But neither employees, nor any of their legal representatives such as trade unions are actually involved in the modern economic system. They have weak negotiation skills, while employers are not as constrained by state control and regulations as managers of Soviet enterprises. It is thus practically impossible for workers to organize any kind of strikes to defend their interests. Therefore, employees have to adhere to less efficient ways of attracting attention to their problems. The shift from universal to a minimum and goal-oriented social policy has led to unintended consequences in Russia. First, it has left a majority of population dissatisfied with its current situation (being used to continuous support from the state). Second, the state has itself created a trap, where pursuing economic goals through successful employment has become so much effort-consuming and risky that many decide to adhere to a much easier strategy of relying on state support. Thus, it has lead to an emergence of a rather massive, yet quite heterogeneous group of population, whose success is achieved through acquiring the nominal status of the ones in serious need and difficult situations. The now dominating approach to social policy adopted by the state is not just critically inefficient, it is, in fact, corrupting our population and assisting further lumpenisation, which can only be avoided through major revisions of social policy and adoption of serious measures, the explicit objectives of which should be consistent with purposes of human and social development.


Measuring empathy: The Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The main aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (Davis, 1980, 1983) in its Spanish adaptation. It is one of the questionnaires but used to evaluate the empathy from a multidimensional perspective that includes two cognitive factors and two emotional. The Spanish adaptation has been carried out with a wide sample of fellows belonging to different educational centers of the Valencian Community (1.285 adolescents, 698 males and 597 women, with an age range between 13 and 18 years). The results of this study indicate the validity of the instrument to evaluate the different components of the empathy.


Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is the major causative agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis throughout the world. It is estimated that about 170 million people of the world have been infected with HCV and about 40 million of them are Chinese. There is a pressing need to develop an effective vaccine against HCV in order to combat this world wide public health threat. This work constructed a three tandem repeats of a mutlple-epitope antigen gene called 3 pcx and then cloned it into the expression vector pET-28b(+) to express it as hexahistine-tagged protein in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). After purified by Ni~(2+)-NTA-agarose column, the protein was used to immunize BALB/c mice and it elicited strong antibodies responses.


In article number 2003610, Ye Zhou, Su-Ting Han, and coworkers provide a comprehensive overview on the development of neuromorphic engineering from biological nervous systems to spike-based hardware computing platforms. Spiking neural networks based on artificial synapses and neurons to simulate the architecture and information processing of the brain for highly efficient computing are reviewed.


Background: Adolescence period defined as a transitional stage that falls between childhood and adulthood. The Nutritional requirements are one of the most important aspects in this stage comparing to all life span due to achieving the optimal level of growth and development. Adolescents" concern about their body weight and shape can lead to disturbed eating behaviors such as starvation, fasting, frequently skipping meals, overeating and binge-eating followed by purging, also using of diet pills, laxatives, diuretics and excessive exercising. Eating disorder behavior is contributing to some risk factors which include age, genetics, pubertal status, pubertal timing and body mass index as biological factors. In addition, body image dissatisfaction, negative mood states such as depression and stress, low self-esteem and personality traits are contributed to eating disorders as psychological factors. There are also sociocultural factors such as peer pressure and influences by media to conform to an unrealistic standard of thinness, eating disorders in the family and bullying. Physical and sexual abuse considered plays a role in developing eating disorder. There is no specified study mentioned prevalence rate for eating disorder among female adolescents in Jeddah or any other place in Kingdom Saudi Arabia. Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess eating disorders among female adolescents of secondary schools in Jeddah. Methods: The study was conducted in 3 secondary schools in Jeddah. Cross sectional design was used. Four hundred twenty five female adolescents were recruited using non probability "Quota" Sampling in order to obtain a representative sample from the 3 levels in the secondary schools. The Arabic version of a self report Eating Attitude Test 26 questionnaire (EAT-26) was used. Total score and three subscales (dieting, bulimia, and oral control) are generated and a score of 20 and above indicates the risk for eating disorders. Results: The findings of the current study revealed that 32.9% of the entire sample scored of 20 and above using Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26). This indicates that they are at risk for eating disorders. A significant relationship was found between the mean of participants" body mass index and their Eating Attitude total scale and the three subscales (dieting, bulimia, and oral control). Furthermore, a negative significant relationship was found between the mean participants" age and their Eating Attitude total scale. Conclusion and Recommendation: In conclusion, the current study highlights the importance of eating disorders screening among adolescents to identify who have disturbed eating attitude and at risk for eating disorders. Further studies are needed either to modify the current instrument or to develop a new culture specific instrument. Development of a community based preventive measures to help adolescent to have health eating attitude and habits is recommended.


The far field behaviour of an elementary dipole on a one side cladded substrate is analysed as a canonical problem for the study of diffraction effects. The radiation pattern is calculated using three different methods: surface integral equations with multilayered Green's functions, volume physical optics (VPO) and volume integral equations (VIE). Although the finiteness of the substrate is taken into account by both VPO and VIE, these methods are inherently better suited for structures on large respectively small sized substrates. To our knowledge, comparison of VPO and VIE for such a medium sized structure is completely new. It allows us to establish approximate borders and an optimal application area for each method. The simulation results show good agreement. This validates the applicability of both methods for medium sized structures and is at the same time of great importance for estimation of the backward radiation intensity of more complex antenna structures


Here, the authors develop a prototype filter design for filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) systems focusing on shortlength pulses (K ≤ 3) with near-perfect reconstruction features, favouring operational conditions for FBMC systems. The proposed design is formulated as the optimisation of the weights of a discrete prototype filter that takes into account high symbol reconstruction rates and desirable spectrum features. Despite not being convex, the formulated optimisation problem is relaxed via semi-definite programming (SDP), enabling solutions that can over-perform other popular prototype filters. Numerical results show that the proposed design considering overlapping factors K = {1,2,3} can deliver prototype filters with a good signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) versus spectrum performance trade-off. Indeed, for K ≤ 2, the proposed methodology delivered prototype filters with the highest SIR levels among the available options. Furthermore, the proposed methodology can be extended and combined with other filter optimisation criteria, enabling to comply with different FBMC design requirements.


This paper considers the problem of detecting the common gradual changepoint in panel data. Given the situation that each panel/series has the common gradual variance changepoint along with a smoothly functional mean, our focus is on improving the changepoint location estimation accuracy assuming a prior that a single change has occurred. We developed an iterative algorithm motivated by the idea of divide‐and‐conquer for tackling this problem. In addition, we have established the rates of convergence for all the parameter estimates. Monte Carlo simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and improvement of the proposed method over the existing methods. The method is also demonstrated through an analysis on the daily returns of S&P 500 Index and NASDAQ‐100 Index over a period of time.


Sentiment analysis of citations in scientific papers and articles is a new and interesting problem which can open up many exciting new applications in bibliographic search and bibliometrics. Current work on citation sentiment detection focuses on only the citation sentence. In this paper, we address the problem of context-enhanced citation sentiment detection. We present a new citation sentiment corpus which has been annotated to take the dominant sentiment in the entire citation context into account. We believe that this gold standard is closer to the truth than annotation that looks only at the citation sentence itself. We then explore the effect of context windows of different lengths on the performance of a state-of-the-art citation sentiment detection system when using this context-enhanced gold standard definition.


As a common joint disease often caused by wear and tear and particularly common for aged people, osteoarthritis (OA) occurs with articular cartilage deterioration and wear particle generation. Current clinical OA diagnosis approaches are mainly based on qualitative evaluation of orthopaedists. This not only brings heavy cost to community healthcare, but can also limit the required service to OA patients in regional areas. In this paper, based on our previous work on the numerical analysis of cartilage and wear particles, an expert system has been established for automatic OA diagnosis using both cartilage and wear particle analysis methods. The developed system supported vector machine (SVM) to obtain cartilage and wear particle data and applied a statistical classification method for an OA assessment. This was a first time that wear particle analysis technique was integrated into an OA diagnosis system. Internal evaluations showed that the correct OA degree recognition rates were 80% and 72% based on the cartilage and particle analysis results, respectively. This paper presents the background information, how the system was developed, and the approach used to deal with inconsistent results from cartilage and wear debris analysis. The proposed framework has demonstrated that it is feasible to develop an automatic and objective OA diagnosis system for future clinic applications.


The high level teachers troop are premise and guarantee of the demonstrative colleges and universities and the team construction also is the core of improving the teachers troop overall quality.This paper begins from connotations of teacher team construction,then analyses the key factors,at last puts forward a few proposals.


• Patient selection: IRB approval was obtained for a chart review. Specific guidelines for selecting ideal IPL candidates have not been established. In our referral practice at Mayo Clinic Arizona, patients were selected based on the severity of their MGD, ability to tolerate the pain of lid margin expression, and willingness to withstand cost of treatments ($500/ treatment). Patients underwent Fitzpatrick skin typing to classify their skin response to sun exposure by degree of burning and tanning. For laser safety reasons, Fitzpatrick skin types I, II, and III (pale white to cream white) were included, and types IV, V, and VI (moderate brown to black) were excluded. RESULTS RESULTS


This study examined effects of professional development for child‐care staff on language acquisition of children ages 14–36 months. Child‐care staff from 44 child‐care centres agreed to participate in the study. Child‐care staff from one‐half of the child‐care centres were randomly assigned to a one‐time, four‐hour workshop followed by three classroom visits over the subsequent three months. This treatment was designed to increase frequency and quality of joint attention episodes between the child‐care staff and the toddlers. Child‐care staff from the remaining 22 centres were assigned to a wait‐list control group. Toddlers (N = 121) in both the groups (n treatment = 64; n control = 57) were assessed with a measure of language acquisition after six months. While there were no significant differences on total language acquisition between groups, treatment group toddlers whose child‐care providers engaged in more frequent and longer bouts of joint attention acquired more language. The results of this study support that when child‐care staff engage in longer and higher quality bouts of joint attention with toddlers they can affect language acquisition.


We discuss the morphology and kinematics of the extended gas in the type 2 Seyfert galaxy NGC 5252 based on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFPC2 continuum and emission-line images (including a new [O III] λ5007 image) and a ground-based Fabry-Perot (F-P) velocity map of the ionized gas. The fine-scale morphology of the ionized gas in this galaxy's very extended (~40 kpc) ionization bicone consists of a complex network of filamentary strands. The new WFPC2 [O III] image also reveals more detail in the circumnuclear (~3 kpc) gas disk than is seen in the Hα + [N II] image presented previously by Tsvetanov and coworkers. The F-P velocity map shows an obvious antisymmetry of the velocity field of the ionized gas across the nucleus. We conclude that there are three dynamical components to the extended gas in NGC 5252. Two of these components are gas disks aligned with the stellar disk, one rotating with the stars and the other counterrotating. The third component is the circumnuclear gas disk seen in the HST observations and its extension to larger scales; this disk has an inclination of ~40° and a kinematic major axis in P.A. ~ 90°-135°, some 80°-125° from the major axis of the stellar disk. This simple model of two inclined rotating disks, superposed along the line of sight, describes well the seemingly complex kinematics observed in the optical emission lines and the H I 21 cm radio maps. The large misalignment between the second disk and the stellar disk suggests that the gas distribution, and possibly the nuclear activity, in NGC 5252 may have resulted from a galaxy merger event. The absence of significant radial motions, together with the well-defined ionization cones, strongly suggests that the gas is photoionized by a compact nuclear source rather than being ionized in situ by shock waves in a large-scale outflow.


This paper focuses on the long established diversity in the English education system – independent schools, grammar schools and religious schools – and in so doing explores tensions between education policy, politics and social justice. It explores the differential access to these different types of school, their social composition and implications for social justice and for wider society. It is argued that if social justice is to be a goal of government, further policy changes are needed over and above those that have already been made. However, the political challenges, which have limited policy changes to date, would be significant.


Field development plan should be selected by using the method of multi-objective decision making, by applying orthogonal test design to plan combination, coupled with considering the holism, relevance and chronicity of oilfield development. The case applied indicates that this method has advantages of reducing the workload of evaluation. Furthermore, the selected plan is representative, which not only reflects the objectivity, comprehensiveness and scientificness of decision-making, but also helps to avoid the limitation of single-index evaluation.


There are two main fields of applications of SiC. The first one is related to nano electronic [1] or even integrated circuits [2] which are using SiC (in monocrystalline or –sometimespolycrystalline form) as basic structural material for high frequency [3], high power [4], high voltages [5], and/or high temperature devices [6] or combinations thereof [7]. In most of these applications, SiC act as are placement material for silicon which cannot be used under such extreme conditions.


St. Sava was the first Archbishop of Serbia, and is known as "the Enlightener" of the Serbian people. Sava's saint day is celebrated on January 27 according to the Serbian Orthodox calendar and is associated with schools.

Keywords:

Sava, Saint (1173–1236);
St. Sava, the first archbishop of Serbia;
"the enlightener" of the Serbian people;
the life of master Simeon;
Sava, the life of Saint Sava


SONG, XIAOXIA, M.S., May 2013, Psychology Cultural Adaptation of the Systematic Treatment Selection Innerlife (STS-Innerlife) with An Urban Mainland China Sample Director of Thesis: Timothy M. Anderson This study aims to examine the consistency of Systematic Treatment Selection Innerlife (STS-Innerlife) for China sample and develop a culturally adapted STS instrument in China. The STS-Innerlife was used as the measure of patient characteristics in this study. The STS instrument has been found in numerous studies to have sound reliability and validity in North American and Europe. This was a first attempt to assess the STS instrument's reliability in an Eastern country. In this study, the English language version was used as a template from which the translation (and back translation) was constructed for Chinese samples. A total of 300 non-clinical participants collected from Mainland China and 240 non-clinical US archival data were used. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were used to assess the factor structure of the US and Chinese samples on STS treatment items. The EFAs evinced that the US and China samples share similar factor structure and they demonstrated two crossculturally consistent factors, Externalized Distress and Internalized Distress.


Sir, Fentanyl is a schedule II prescription drug under the Controlled Substances Act (1). Fentanyl is a powerful synthetic opioid analgesic 50–100 times more powerful than morphine. Fentanyl is indicated for the treatment of severe pain (2). Recently, fentanyl and synthetic opioids have been increasingly abused, with the death rate associated with opioids and synthetic opioids rising 72.2% from 2014 to 2015 (3). This rapid increase in toxicological events is not only putting drug users at risk, but also first responders and medical professionals treating overdose victims (4,5). There is, therefore, a critical need to identify effective and safe methods for cleaning fentanyl and synthetic forms of fentanyl from contaminated surfaces. Here, we examine the effects of OxiClean Versatile Stain Remover or water on cleaning a contaminated surface. The present study was designed to mimic a typical chemical spill in a laboratory or in a law enforcement setting. Fentanyl and acetylfentanyl were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). A 1% (w/v) solution of 5 g of OxiClean Versatile Stain Remover in 500 mL of tap water was made. This specific OxiClean product contains sodium percarbonate (SPC), which has previously been shown to oxidize fentanyl in a laboratory setting (6). The solution was mixed in a spray bottle with gradients for easy liquid measurements. Proper safety equipment was worn throughout the duration of the experiment, including doubled nitrile or latex gloves changed every 10 min, disposable laboratory coats (preferably those that close in the back), particulate masks such as The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended N-100, P-100, or R-100 particulate filtering facepiece respirator, and safety goggles (7). All equipment except the goggles were placed in biohazardous waste containers at the conclusion of the study. While this would be considered as a toxic substance and ideally be discarded into a toxic waste container, the majority of law enforcement agencies do not have this type of waste treatment ability. Most do, however, have biohazardous waste containers due to frequent contact with bodily fluids found on evidence. The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency has multiple approved methods for disposal of biohazardous material, including incineration, chemical, or heat treatments with or without chemical assistance (8). All of these methods should be sufficient in neutralizing fentanyl. The experiment was performed on two benchtops at the Ohio Attorney General's Bureau of Criminal Investigation in Bowling Green, OH. One benchtop was used solely for fentanyl, and the other was used solely for acetylfentanyl. The benchtops were swabbed with a cotton swab soaked in methanol (Sigma-Aldrich,