The big role of gigantic craters formation in geological history of the Earth was established by the example of the K/T boundary event. The discovery of the iridium anomaly in the sedimentary rocks of Vendian in the western part of Ukrainian shield allows to suppose its origin in connection with the great impact of that time. The only big impact structure of that age is the Acraman Crater in south-eastern part of Australia. The Acraman Crater is presented by deeply eroded structure, original diameter of which it is difficult to determine. By geological and morphological data the Acraman Crater is presented by an inner ring 30 km in diameter, an intermediate ring 90 km in diameter, and an outer ring about 150-160 km in diameter.


: Partitioning Interwell Tracer Test (PITT) is a useful tool for quantifying the volume of NonAqueous Phase Liquids (NAPL) present in aquifer. The volume is estimated by the retardation factor of a partitioning tracer relative to the transport of the non-partitioning tracer that was determined from the tracer breakthrough curves (BTCs). However , the equi-librium partitioning would not be completed during every PITT in the actual field , where high saturation NAPL areas such as free-phase pools and macro-scale entrapment zones are existed. In this study , we made five laboratory experiments focused on the diameters of NAPL entrapped porous materia l. Exp 巴 rimentsre-vealed that , the accuracy of estimated NAPL volume by PITT was not a:ff ected by the diameter. In contras t. the tailings of the BTCs were a:ff ected by the diameter. Tracer diffusion distance would be longer in the NAPL entrapped porous material that has a large diameter , and therefore , the tailing of the BTCs might become more prominen t.


In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between the participation levels of academicians in recreational activities and their subjective well-being. A questionnaire was used as a data collection technique in the study and applied to a total of 393 academicians from Harran University, Afyon Kocatepe University and Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. In the analysis of the obtained data, in addition to descriptive statistics, t test, analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used. According to the results of the research, singles, young people and research assistants participate in recreational activities at a higher level. However, the subjective well-being levels of women, young people, research assistants and those with low seniority were found to be higher. In the study, a positive, moderate and significant relationship (r=0.402) was found between the levels of participation in recreational activities in general and general subjective well-being. On the other hand, it was determined that the subjective well-being dimensions most affected by recreational activities were "friend relationships" (r=0.498), "activities of interest" (r=0.455) and "family relationships" (r=0.443), respectively. In addition, it was found that the recreational activities that most affected subjective well-being were "cultural activities" (r=0.471).


Objective: To explore relation between whole blood transfusion and first recurrence of acute leukemia of children. Mothods: A total of 60 patients with acute leukemia from January 1994 to December 2000 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The recurrence rate was 47.6% in patients with ALL, times of blood transfusion were (6.1±3.4) and (3.5±1.9) respectively, and the average amount of blood transfusion was (80.2±62.3) ml/kg and (44.1±28.4) ml/kg respetively between the recurrence and non recurrence group. There were significant differences between the above two groups (P0.01). The recurrence rate was 44.4% in patients with ANLL, times of blood transfusion were (10.8±7.2) and (8±2.6) respectively, and the average amount of blood transfusion was (120.5±96.8) and (50.6±23.9) ml/kg respectively between the recurrence and non recurrence group. There were significant differences between two groups (P0.01). Conclusion: There is relation between blood transfusion and first recurrence of acute leukemia of children.


Calvin receives a letter from Tully Anderson about the bizarre weather in Ardath and the growth of the town, including a temporary church to be shared by all protestant denominations.


In this paper we report the results of measurement of the penetration of the radiation from different visible light emitting diodes (LEDs) inside dental tissue. The experiments are made using several different LEDs with wavelengths between 450 nm and 800 nm and power densities between 50 and 250 mW/cm2, which are the most frequently used in the clinical practice with proved clinical effect. The experimental results show that the penetration depends on the wavelength and the type of tissue. The results can be employed in the clinical practice for determining radiation dosage in the treatment of periodontal diseases.


In Aristotle's writings regarding the biology of embryology, especially in the Generation of Animals, he contends that the mother's menstrual uids provide the material for the generation of the o spring, and the father's form determines its formation as a member of that species (e.g. human). The katamenia (menstrual uids) of the mother are said to be potentially all the body parts of the o spring, though actually none of them. So, the uids are potentially the o spring. But are they a rst potentiality or second potentiality ( rst actuality) of a human, in the terminology of De Anima II? In this paper I will argue that katamenia are a rst potentiality of a human. My rst argument is that katamenia do not have the potential for human activities such as thinking, but rather the potential of becoming something having the potential for those activities. I answer the objection that katamenia are not even a rst potentiality, by appealing to an important text contending that for any x whose source of becoming is external, x is potentially y if nothing in x with respect to matter needs to be changed in order for an external principle to make x into y. _____________________________________________________________


The intention in this lecture is to explore the means by which Bartok's DukeBluebeard's Castle (1911) transforms the harmonic structures of the traditional major/minor scale system into a new musical language, and how this language reflects the psycho-dramatic symbolism of Bela Balazs, Hungarian disciple of the Belgian dramatist, Maurice Maeterlinck. In reaction to the realism of nineteenth-century theater, many authors began to develop a new interest in psychological motivation and a level of consciousness manifested in metaphor, ambiguity, and symbol. In his Symbolist plays, Maeterlinck was to transform the internal concept of subconscious motivation into an external one, one in which human emotions and actions are entirely controlled by fate. The Bartok-Balazs opera represents one of the first significant attempts to establish more profound correspondences between the symbolist dramatic conception and the new musical language. This language is based almost exclusively on interactions between pentatonic...


The invention relates to the technical field of wind-power blade manufacturing and discloses a manufacturing method for a flow guide base plate. The method includes the steps that firstly, a block-shaped flow guide net waste material left after a wind-power blade is manufactured is selected; secondly, the block-shaped flow guide net waste material is cut into strip-shaped flow guide nets through a roll shearer; and thirdly, punching is conducted on the strip-shaped flow guide nets, so that the flow guide base plate is formed. According to the method, the flow guide base plate made of the flow guide net material is adopted, the flow guide net is the waste material generated in the wind-power blade manufacturing process, the waste material is reused, the waste is transformed into the asset, treatment cost is saved, and meanwhile the raw material for manufacturing the flow guide base plate is free; and roll shearing and punching forming are adopted in the manufacturing method. By the adoption of the method, manufacturing cost is saved, and meanwhile manufacturing efficiency is guaranteed.


To the Editor: In a review published in the recent issue of Neurosurgery,1 the authors claimed that the available evidence from current clinical reports is not enough to support the use of decompressive surgery in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and thus called for incontrovertible proof. Indeed, as the highest level of evidence, the result of a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial is eagerly anticipated by most DPN practitioners and neuroscientists. Nevertheless, the anticipation of forthcoming unknown results of the randomized controlled trial is not a reason to preclude the evidence of previous literature. The practice advisory published in 2006 by the American Academy of Neurology suggested that surgical treatment is unproven (Level U), which means "the data are insufficient to support or refute its benefits."2 Furthermore, not only results of clinical studies, incontrovertible proof should also be derived from progression in basic researches, and the common medical principle should be taken into consideration. Accounting for the prejudice against the preceding clinical reports, this letter is intended to present some concerns on a few misconceptions that may be included in this review.


According to the hrittle failure theory of multiple locked patches in a seismogenic fault system developed by us,the earthquake situations for some seismic zones in the northeast China,north China and Taiwan regions are analyzed in the present paper.Meanwhile,the prediction results,including the magnitude,place,critical strain,and hypocentral depth of the moderate-strong,strong earthquake or major(great) earthquake,are also presented.The results suggest that major(great) earthquakes will occur in Heze-Puyang,Shanxi northeast,Shanxi southwest,Taiwan Nantou and Hualian-Taidong seismic zones and that moderate-strong or strong earthquakes will occur in Haicheng,Tongliao,ArongqiNenjiang and Xingtai seismic zones.In addition,strong earthquake may happen in Beijing and its surrounding in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan seismic zone in the next 10 — 20years.Furthermore,an earthquake with a magnitude of about5.5 that can he regarded as a landmark event at the dilatation point of locked patch will happen in the seismic zone in Shandong section of Tanlu fracture zone.The department concerned should consider the conclusions obtained in this paper for taking precautions against earthquakes.A method to select minimum magnitude of seismic events in the historical earthfiuake data is also suggested when calculating the value of CBS in a seismic zone.


The traditional query module can't satisfy the information system query item's uncertainty due to its limitations in the respect of code mobility,free combination query item according to users' needs and robustness.Based on the research of the characteristics of multifarious information system queries,the paper provides a new function which a dynamic general query module should have.The database ascertains the query key word ,and users combine the query items freely The module adopts ASP.NET and C# as two main instruments,taking the advantage of cross-platform exchanging data transferring parameter by using XML file.In the final part,the paper gives the description of the management of some abnormal process.


Elevated serum homocysteine, an intermediate of cellular one-carbon metabolism, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Folate deficiency increases serum homocysteine and may contribute to CVD progression. Vascular smooth muscle cells regulate vascular contractility, but also contribute to repair processes in response to vascular injury. Nutritional deficiencies, like folate deficiency, are thought to impact on this phenotypic plasticity, possibly by epigenetic mechanisms.                 We have investigated the effect of folate deficiency on vascular smooth muscle cells in two cell culture systems representing early and late stages of smooth muscle cells differentiation. We find that folate deficiency promotes differentiation towards a more contractile phenotype as indicated by increased expression of respective marker genes. However, microarray analysis identified markers of striated muscle as the predominant gene expression change elicited by folate deficiency. These changes are not merely a reflection of cell cycle arrest, as foetal calf serum restriction or iron deficiency do not replicate the gene expression changes observed in response to folate deficiency. Folate deficiency only has a marginal effect on global DNA methylation. DNA methylation of CpG islands associated with genes regulated by folate deficiency remains unaffected. This supports our earlier findings in a mouse model system which also did not show any changes in global DNA methylation in response to folate and vitamin B6/B12 deficiency.                These data suggest that folate deficiency enhances the expression of smooth muscle marker gene expression, promotes a shift towards a skeletal muscle phenotype, and does not regulate gene expression via DNA methylation.


Recent visits to the Snares Islands (48o S, 166o E), 96 km south-southwest of Stewart Island, New Zealand, have yielded new information about the endemic crested penguin Eudyptes robustus (Plate 1(a)). This paper, based on visits by University of Canterbury-teams in January and February 1961 and 1967, discusses nomenclature and taxonomy, diagnostic characters, egg size, sexual dimorphism, and the dimensions of fledglings, yearlings and adult birds.

SUMMARY
The Snares Islands Penguin Eudyptes robustus breeds only on the Snares Islands and is repro-ductively isolated from Fiordland Penguins, which are its closest kin. Both adults and yearlings of the two species are morphologically distinguishable, although measurements from museum skins stress similarities rather than differences between the species. Measurements of live chicks, yearlings and adults show that chicks reach independence with feet and flippers almost fully grown; adult body length is achieved during the first year, and the large bill characterising the species develops subsequently. Breeding times differ from those of Fiordland penguins. There is a strong suggestion that, within normal clutches of two eggs, one is 20% smaller than the other and has reduced chances of survival.


Eu(superscript 3+) or Gd(superscript 3+) doped P-SiO2 and two ions co-doped P-SiO2 were synthesized by hydrothermal method. Under the excitation of ultraviolet light the spectral behaviour and the composition dependence on luminescence properties of Eu(superscript 3+) and Gd(superscript 3+) in P-SiO2 were studied. The energy transfer of Gd(superscript 3+)→Eu(superscript 3+) in P-SiO2 was observed. Energy transfer process and mechanism are analysised, the mechanism of energy transfer from Gd(superscript 3+) to Eu(superscript 3+) is a resonant transfer, in which electric dipole-dipole interaction plays a leading role.


Today's electric system is based on large power production units, that in addition to produce power also provides voltage and frequency control of the system. With the ongoing introduction of non-controllable distributed renewable energy production this is to change. This work investigates the potential of smart charging of electric vehicles and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology to stabilize the voltage in low voltage grids with high penetration of electric vehicles and photovoltaic systems. A low voltage grid from a suburban area with 29 households in a Swedish town and models of electric vehicles and photo-voltaic systems are used as a case study. Optimisation results show that simultaneous optimisation of charging trajectories for a subset of electric vehicles and V2G can significantly reduce voltage variations in the grid. Simultaneous optimisation of charging profiles is an alternative to upgrading the existing grid infrastructure to avoid large voltage variations, and is important to consider when, e.g., designing new price tariffs.


The aim of the study was to describe the working environment of bus drivers according to contemporary research. The result of the study is supposed to act as basis for future development of the working environment of bus drivers. The study comprises the following three parts: Part one - An introductory interview study with bus driver employers. Part two - A literature review on recent research on bus drivers' working environment. Part three - A questionnaire study with bus drivers in active service. The three parts of the study gave a somewhat diversified picture of what is the centre of attention for the different groups when it comes to the working environment of bus drivers. Furthermore the results implicate that there is a lot of work that needs to be done in order to improve the physical and psychosocial working environment of bus drivers. It seems important to strive for consensus between bus driver, employers and vehicle developers with the purpose of developing an optimal working environment for bus drivers. Alternativ URL: http://www.vv.se/fud-result at/Publikationer_000201_000300/Publikation_000207/R557.pdf


This paper presents a hybrid control architecture based on subsumption and schemas motors principles in order to achieve complex and cooperative tasks. The control architecture implemented is constituted by a set of independent and elementary behaviors organized in layers of skills. Specific low-level behaviors, called altruistic behaviors and inspired by societies of insects (attractive or repulsive signals), are used to improve the efficiency of the control. Therefore, competitive and cooperative mechanisms are used in a unique hybrid architecture of control to perform a complex box-pushing task by a set of mini-robots. The analysis of an elevated number of simulations allows us to have statistical results (time to complete the task was chosen as performance criteria) which show the existence of an optimal number of robots to achieve the box-pushing task and underline the importance of the use of altruistic behaviors to enhance the cooperative task.


This project report provides tales of the country Greek caf , offered by those who owned, ran and frequented this twentieth-century Australian phenomenon. Greek and non-Greek Australians reveal the positive and negative aspects of the institution in their lives and their rural communities, but perhaps more importantly, what emerges is that the Greek caf was a dynamo generating change within Australian popular culture - part of a process of Americanisation, affecting Australian eating and social habits, commercial food-catering ideas, products, technology, cinema, architecture and popular music.


This paper examines the strategic fit of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in Mozambican banks, using a two†stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to compute the impact of contextual variables on efficiency scores and returns to scale of the resulting virtual merged banks. In an 'M&A DEA' model, different pairs of bidder and target companies are considered. In the first stage an M&A DEA model is used. Simplex regression is adopted in the second stage. The results reveal that ownership (public or foreign) impacts virtual efficiency levels. However, the findings also show that care must be exercised with M&A because the resultant banking organization could be oversized when foreign ownership is predominant, especially when public ownership is low. Given the relative sizes of the markets in terms of productive resources, M&A involving Mozambican banks can easily lead to decreasing returns to scale. Thus, a greater emphasis should be given to merging purely public banks with foreign ones and vice versa.


Let $u$ be a nowhere vanishing holomorphic function on the Drinfeld space $\Omega^{r}$ of dimension $r-1$, where $r \geq 2$. The logarithm $\log_{q}\lvert u \rvert$ of its absolute value may be regarded as an affine function on the attached Bruhat-Tits building $\mathcal{BT}^{r}$. Generalizing a construction of van der Put in case $r=2$, we relate the group $\mathcal{O}(\Omega^{r})^{*}$ of such $u$ with the group $\mathbf{H}(\mathcal{BT}^{r}, \mathbb{Z})$ of integer-valued harmonic 1-cochains on $\mathcal{BT}^{r}$. This also gives rise to a natural $\mathbb{Z}$-structure on the first ($\ell$-adic or de Rham) cohomology of $\Omega^{r}$.


A reliability assessment methodology consisting of a statistical model and designed experiments to evaluate the leakage mechanism responsible for low temperature data retention (LTDR) in floating gate nonvolatile memories is presented. The nature of the leakage mechanism and the methodology necessary to observe and accurately assess this phenomenon are described.


*Laila A. Racevskis is Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and Research Coordinator, Land Policy Institute, Michigan State University, 317 Manly Miles Building, 1405 S. Harrison Rd., East Lansing, MI 48823, Tel: (517) 432-8800 Ext. 112, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. Frank Lupi is Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1039, Tel: (517) 432-3883, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


The transition from Couette to Taylor vortex flow is described by a time-dependent Ginsburg-Landau model. The effects of the fluctuations and of the boundaries are investigated. It is shown that the nature and the localization of the mean-field transition are modified by these effects in a way depending on the size of the system.


This study investigates geographic patterns of gene tic variation in aspen spring phenology to understanding how tree population adap ts to climatically risk environments. These finding suggest rules to guide seed transfer between regions. I use a classical common garden experiment to revea l genetic differences among populations from western Canada and Minnesota, and present a novel method to seamlessly map the heatsum required for remotely se nsed green-up. Both approaches reveal two major geographic patterns: no rthern and high elevation aspen populations break bud earlier than sources fr om the boreal plains, and late budbreak is strongly associated with the driest win er and spring environments. This suggests selection pressures for late budbreak due to both frost and drought risks in early spring, and we therefore caution aga inst transfer of seed to droughtprone regions of the boreal plains. Although such transfers have been shown to increase plantation productivity in shortte m tests, non-local planting material may be susceptible to exceptional spring d roughts.


With the complexity and intelligence of the process, process monitoring plays a vital role in ensuring production safety and product quality, in which quality-related fault detection techniques have been extensively studied. The traditional monitoring strategies have the problem that the production process cannot be accurately monitored when the quality indicators are insufficient. It is difficult to extract accurate quality-related features with the guidance of limited quality labels. In addition, the model trained with limited quality indicators will get caught in overfitting problems. Motivated by the limitations, a novel semi-supervised relevance variable selection and hierarchical feature regularization variational autoencoder (SS-RVS-HFRVAE) is proposed to monitoring the process with limited quality indicators. First, a hierarchical feature regularization (HFR) variational autoencoder (VAE) is proposed to overcome the overfitting problem brought by limited quality labels. Secondly, a semi-supervised relevance variable selection (SS-RVS) strategy is proposed to extract the most quality-related features under semi-supervised process dataset. Finally, the experiments on numerical case and Tennessee Eastman (TE) process describe the effectiveness of the proposed method in semi-supervised quality-related process monitoring.


Simulation studies were carried out on the shaft of carpet tufting machine to establish multi-parameter dynamic balancing equations based on Matlab. Through the analysis and comparison of reaction forces between link and spindle before and after dynamic balancing, the optimal parameter solution was acquired under the ideal state. According to the actual situation in the project, the optimum value was obtained by modifying some parameters, which not only made mechanism achieve a better balancing, but also enhanced the transmission of motion performance and improved the operating environment of spindle system.


This article investigates empirically the impacts of the internet access charge on economic activity using a cross-country analysis based on data from 76 countries for the year 1998–2001. The results show that the level of the Internet access charge has a significantly negative effect on the level of economic activity. In other words, a low Internet access charge of a country increases its economic activity.


Objective To explore the use of antibiotics in our hospital,in order to provide the basis for the rational use of antibiotics.Methods The usage of antibiotics was analyzed by pharmacy software system about 1 025 cases of patient in our hospital.Results Usage of antibiotics in hospitalized patients is 62.8%,the unilization ratio of single,two and triple were 69.8%,43.8% and 22.5%.Usage of antimicrobial is the type most frequently,such as,cephalosporins,aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones,unreasonable use of antibiotics is mainly to replace too fast,too many varieties and treatment is too long.Conclusion The unilization ratio of antibioties in our hospital was on the high side and the irrational use of antibiotics was quite common.


A coalition of U.S. and Canadian asbestos mining and manufacturing companies is suing to overturn the Environmental Protection Agency's new rule banning the use of the cancer-causing mineral in the U.S. The benefits of the new regulation are not great enough to justify the $460 million EPA estimates it will cost to shift to substitutes, the Asbestos Information Association/North America (AIA) argues. Last month, EPA ruled that virtually all products containing asbestos must be phased out in stages over a seven-year period beginning next year (C&EN, July 10, page 14). At that time EPA Administrator William K. Reilly characterized the agency's action as "pollution prevention." He noted that 3000 to 12,000 people each year die as a result of past exposure to asbestos. AIA president B. J. Pigg, however, points out that those deaths are due to exposure to asbestos in products that are no longer manufactured, such as insulation and fireproofing. Use of asbestos ...


Blasting in coal mines decision-making implicates engineering geology, tunnel type, gas preservation, mining conditions and rock mechanics. It is difficult to determine the design parameters of blasting and evaluate blasting effect. To solve these problems, the expert system of tunnel blasting was developed by combining the latest artificial intelligence technology with the expert knowledge in the field of blasting, combining practical experience and theoretical results, and using rule-based and case-based reasoning strategies. An abundant blasting expert knowledge base was established based on academic monograph, industry standard, project cases, theoretical achievements. And an intelligent system inference engine was built based on VC. With intelligent design of blasting, optimized decision and three-view automatic drawing, this expert system has achieved good results in practice engineering application.


PATHOBIOLOGY OF SUBDURAL CRONIC HEMATOMA Treatment of subdural cronic hematoma in all ages is a therapeutic challenge. Chronic subdural hematoma is a disease that can be fatal without surgical treatment. A variety of treatment options like subdural tapping, endoscopic washout, shunting and craniotomy have been discussed. In chronic subdural hematoma, spontaneous resolution with conservative treatment is not an common therapeutic method because it has causes high mortality, requires long periods of time, and finally, many patients need surgical treatment. The etiology, physiopathology and surgical alternatives in the treatment of subdural chronic hematoma is discussed.


The area medical treatment message terrace establishment realization thoroughly revises at the moment that hospital messageization only the qualitative substance of paper turns into electron edition substance easy and the phase fall behind . It be able to be circulated every medical treatment organization data message , and takes shape the true data flows . The writer forms to construct area medical treatment message terrace rule and shelf and forms and meritorous service capacity and realization are analysed initially and are probed into .


Well‐crystallized BCN compounds have been prepared from melamine (C3H6N6) and boron oxidation (B2O3) at pressures above 25 GPa and temperatures higher than 2500 K. The morphology of synthetic BCN samples was characterized transmission electron microscope. The atomic B/C/N ratio was determined by Electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS). EELS studies indicated that the bonding of the BCN compound is in a sp3 configuration. The results indicated BCN compound may be a cubic structure.


Various capabilities (e.g., processing, memory, etc.) have a variety of mechanisms for performing end-to-end authentication between entities without any prior security association is used. Security Provisioning and configuration process, appropriate security certificates, functions, scopes, and parameters is performed as may be provisioned entities. The resulting use the certificate to allow end-to-end authentication in the service layer or session layer, using a direct or consignment mode mechanism to distribute is developed security certificates to other entities.


This 51-year-old man with non–small-cell lung cancer had aphonia and left vocal cord paresis. After radiation therapy, vocal cord mobility returned, and he could speak normally.


BPM 2008 is the sixth international conference in a series that provides the most distinguished specialized forum for researchers and practitioners in business process management (BPM). The conference has a record of attracting innovative research of highest scientific quality related to all aspects of BPM including theory, frameworks, methods, techniques, architectures, standards, and empirical findings. BPM 2008 was held in Milan, Italy, on September 2-4, 2008, and was organized by the Information Systems Research Group of the Department of Electronics and Information of Politecnico di Milano. The present volume contains the research, industry, and demo papers accepted for presentation at the main conference. The 154 full paper submissions came from authors located in 36 different countries and were geographically distributed as follows: 101 papers originated from Europe, 19 from Australia, 16 from Asia, 14 from America, and 4 from Africa.

As in previous years the paper selection process was extremely competitive. After a thorough refereeing process in which every paper was reviewed by between 3 and 5 program committee members, out of the 154 submissions 20 were accepted as full research papers and 3 as industrial papers leading to an acceptance rate of 15 %. In addition to these 23 papers, three invited keynote presentations were delivered by Paul Harmon (Executive Editor and Founder, BPTrends, USA), Michael Rosemann (Queensland University of Technology, Australia), and Peter Dadam (University of Ulm, Germany). We are very grateful for the contributions of our invited keynote speakers as well as for the support of the sponsors that facilitated these keynotes.


The concept of the transverse tarsal joint is typically associated with accommodative twists of the foot, and with a midfoot flexion known as the midtarsal break. The specific joints associated for these motions are often assumed, but are rarely validated. The two most common candidates are "Chopart's Joint," which separates the cuboid and navicular from the calcaneus and talus, and "Lisfranc's Joint," formed by a combination of all the tarsometatarsal joints. Both of these joints were initially identified as sites for surgical amputations and were not based on any presumed function. This study investigates the utility of these composite joints as sites of foot motion for humans and for some non‐human primates.


For the state-of-the-art of soft robotics, the current actuation mechanisms cannot produce shear forces, neither are the current stiffening mechanisms adaptive to various deformations. Consequently, the soft robots gain strength at the price of losing flexibility. To fill this gap, we proposed a new mechanism based on the muscle arrangements and incompressible property identified in biological hydrostatic skeletons. Beside longitudinal and transverse muscles, the proposed mechanism includes the oblique arrangement which is proved to play an indispensable role of producing shear forces. The effectiveness of the new mechanism is demonstrated through a benchmark problem - carrying a distributed load at the initial horizontal configuration, thus indicating an improved direction to realise shape-independent load-carrying capability of soft robotics. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism may explain how elephants coordinate the two contradicting properties, strength and flexibility, during their trunk manipulations.


conjunction with God (129). But, it also is based upon the distance between Jesus and God, which is indicated by Jesus's "questioning lament" on the cross (133). Anselm Min's paper is a kind of dialectic between R. and Hegel, noting that R. believed that we can no longer think like Hegel and thus we must refute him. However, he also believed that "Hegel cannot be refuted with arguments" (143), but we must confront him by some other means. R.'s complaint about Hegel's philosophy is explained in detail, but Min's major point is that R.'s emphasis on human plurality conflicted with Hegel's notion of "history as history of a collective singular" (145). R. also emphasized the "three modes of time, past, present, and future," and he regarded Hegel as a "necessary detour" on his way back to Kant (153–54). Pierre Bühler focuses on R.'s philosophy of religion and notes that Luther's insistent "Here I stand" is an important indication of R.'s "hermeneutics of the self" (185). For him, faith is a form of "nevertheless" and reflects the tension between belief and unbelief. Christina Gschwandtner also examines a type of dialectic but one she refers to as a movement between "text and action," thus between life and narrative (231, 233–34, 246). She also emphasizes R.'s constant questioning and notes that it is a "hermeneutics of suspicion" (234). She recalls his insistence that we are always left with the "conflict of interpretations" (236 n. 23), indicating that we can never arrive at the definitive answer or interpretation. Instead, the "world of the text" invites the reader to conduct one's own personal investigation. This does not imply that these are empty stories; rather, R. reminded us of "the importance of remembering for the sake of justice" (246; see also 270). Ricoeur was often concerned with the past, but Gschwandtner reminds us that he was just as preoccupied with the future: "Hope is religion's response to the reality of evil" (260). In his introduction Ingolf Dalferth emphasizes that "hermeneutics is an art—the art of the detour to understanding" (1), a claim which nicely sums up the contents of this collection of essays. Deviations from the intended path are not only to be tolerated, but should be embraced, because hermeneutics is not a goal-oriented science, but is similar to a type of travel. Because of R.'s fervent belief in detours and his rich theological insights, this book will not only be of interest to those concerned with Ricoeur's philosophy, but with the relationship between hermeneutics and the philosophy of religion.


This paper applies the idea of normal mesh techniques, utilized in CG rendering applications of smooth manifolds in 3d space, to piecewise smooth functions defined on the plane. The nonsmoothness of these functions is located along a smoothly varying curve in the domain. The nonlinear nature of the proposed method allows to deal with the 'regularity' of the curve. The smooth curve is approximated by a polyline existing of triangle edges of the adaptively created nested triangulations. The proposed method can be used in transform coders generating sparse representations of piecewise smooth colored images. We state a full compression algorithm to encode images where all information is located in one smooth contour. Index terms —normal displacement maps, wavelets, image compression


IN RECENT YEARS, major U.S. drug companies have been laying off people by the thousands while, at the same time, headcounts at contract pharmaceutical research firms in India, China, and Russia hav...


Detestation to pigfarming due to odour emanating from pigfarms in rural communities where they are located
necessitated this study which applied the Austrian guideline to estimate protection distance from odour
annoyance due to location ofpiggeries in lmo State Nigeria. Sixty (60) pigfarms were randomly selectedfrom
the list of pig farmers in six (6) purposively selected local Government Areas of the state, with two (2) Local
Government Areas representing each of the three agricultural zones of the State. Primary data was used/or the
study. Such data include; measurement of the distance between the pig farm and its closest neighbours in the
community, stock size of the farm, manure handling practices and output, meteorological data ofthe area and
socio-economic characteristics of the farmers. The interactive set back model (Austrian Guideline) was used to
estimate the protection distances which were compared with the existing (measured distances) by the use ofchisquare
(J<2) statistic. Current location (existing or measured) distances from thefarms to their closest neighbors
differed Significantly from the protection distances estimated. Also, a tolerable optimum stock size that will
produce odour which could be diffused by atmospheric air; in relation to the distance to their closest neighbours
was established. The estimated protection distances rangedfrom 89 meters to 390 meters having a mean ()j'220
meters. The measured distances ranged from 70 meters to 2 I 0 meters, having a mean ofI 38.43 meters. The least
stocksize of thefarms studied was 59 pigs while the largest stock size was 1000 pigs. The present location ofmost
pig farms in the rural communities of 11110 State are not environmentally acceptable because the odour they
produce could be a treath to health and social life 0/ the inhabitants 0/ the rural communities where the pip,s
farms are located. It is therefore recommended that states and local authorities should take a clue [rom the
interactive set back model (Austrian Guideline) to develop a Nigerian guide line for the location ofpig farms.
Such guideline will assist land developers and pigfarmers in the choice 0/ appropriate residential building»
andpig farms. This will be a basic tool/or extension of pig production technologies in rural communities.


Manually written Character acknowledgment is one of the testing computational strategies. Some computational fields like electronic thinking, ace structures have given an essential part in recognition of these handwritten characters. There is competition between the speed and accuracy. The human identity can without a lot of an extend unwind these handwritten characters easily, exactly and rapidly. The human identity can do it by virtue of the proximity of thickly neural network in his mind. Back propagation Neural network fills in as human cerebrum, in this manner the building of neural network machine is same as the outline of human personality. There are hundreds or even a substantial number of neurons in particularly organized circuits. In conjunction, the creating eagerness for learning machines, non-coordinate movement and parallel algorithm nudged reestablished thought in fake neural networks. There are such enormous quantities of bona fide applications, for instance, outline recognition, system ID, commotion clearing et cetera in which neural network is broadly connected. Keywords-Character Recognition,Digitization, neural network(NN), back propagation neural network (BPNN).


The process of hydrogen plasma reacting with a Si(110) surface is investigated. The reaction process is measured with in situ infrared absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) in multiple internal reflection geometry. We monitor the evolution of hydride components in the Si(110) surface exposed to the hydrogen plasma. IRAS data show that the surface atomic arrangement of a Si(110) surface is distorted by plasma exposure. H is inserted into Si crystal and defects and vacancies are generated. Further, hydrogen plasma exposure creates silicon dihydride <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$({\rm SiH}_{2})$</tex></formula> components in an amorphous layer. The <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm SiH}_{2}$</tex></formula> formation rate is 0.5, by a comparison with the hydrogen plasma exposure time.


Abstract Suppose an important continuous quality characteristic with specification is expensive to measure with a gold standard measurement system. A 100% pass/fail inspection scheme uses a binary measurement system such as a no-go gauge to avoid the expensive gold standard measurements. The inspection scheme makes some errors and we are interested in estimating both the probability of passing a bad part and of failing a good part. We assume that the inspection system is not destructive so we can inspect parts multiple times if we so choose. A part is verified if we use the gold standard system to determine if the part is within specification or not. We propose and quantify the benefits of a new cost-effective assessment plan that verifies only a small fraction of the parts selected for the study.


The scenery assessment process for the Mt. Mitchell Suitability/Feasibility Study was conducted by National Park Service personnel and consultants in 1977-78. It combined approaches designed by Lewis (1962) and Jones (1976) in a comparative evaluation of the scenery of two large landscapes in the Appalachian physiographic province. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which parts or all of the +245,000 acre study site surrounding Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina, satisfied national significance, natural area criteria for designation as a new national park. The design challenge required that the scenery assessment process be comprehensive, believable, efficient, and that it aid the boundary definition phase of the study.


The Golden Age of Three Emperors—Kang Xi,Yong Zheng and Qian Long—were splendid periods of Chinese feudal society.It had driven the traditional Chinese society to a new summit in political,economic cultural and many other aspects.As the core of the Golden Age,Beijing,which was called Jing Shi at that time,was inevitably being paid special attention to in Asia and some other parts of the world.During the Qing Dynasty,the tributary system had covered most parts of eastern Asia and Beijing was the center of it.For tribute countries,influences of Beijing not only depended on the political power,but also on ideological and cultural strength.Besides its prosperity,emergence of powerful Jing Shi culture was due to a series of special high cultural initiatives launched by the court.Another important cultural phenomenon at that time was that China had made further contact with western culture.It started international communications,outstripping the tributary system.History tells us that Beijing is a pioneer leading China to the world as well as a treasure of ancient culture.Historical development of Beijing has its own unique experience.Key inspirations can be obtained by studying it thoroughly and carefully.


RNA interference is a mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing(PTGS) induced by double-stranded RNA.dsRNA is firstly degradated into 21-23nt siRNA by Dicer RNase,and then makes itself as a template,triggers the mRNA that specifical to the model sequence-to degradate at the specific site and the specific spacing.Along with the deep study and the wide application of RNAi,now this strategy has been applied in apoptotic research,it can not only elucidate various mechanisms about priming and regulation of apoptosis,but also supply several new targets for gene therapy.


This Special Issue of the journal includes four papers originally presented at the First Specialised Research Workshop of the Gate2Growth Academic Network in Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Finance, which was hosted by IESE Business School in Barcelona on 12 November 2004. The focus of this one-day research workshop on 'Starting up and Growing New Ventures: The Role of the Financial Community' was to promote a better understanding of the role of private equity providers in the development of growth-oriented start-ups and the management of growth processes. Across a series of papers, the workshop explored the role of the venture capital (VC) investor, the entrepreneurs' perspective on private equity and the role of government. A practitioner-oriented version of the workshop proceedings is to be published separately (Clarysse et al., 2005). All authors presenting at the Specialised Research Workshop were invited to submit their papers for consideration for this Special Issue. Several papers were not available for consideration, and one paper (San José et al., 2005) was already under review and has been published. This Special Issue includes four papers from the workshop: a further three papers are under review or are being revised for submission, but were not available for the publication deadline. The papers included in this special issue draw attention to the role and nature of VC financing in the growth of entrepreneurial contexts in a number of situations. Hutson and Hogan address the VC financing issue from the firm's perspective. Using survey data for 110 new technology-based firms (NTBFs) in the Irish software sector, they assess the extent to which a range of human capital and other variables determine the firm's use of VC. They find that education of the lead founder to degree level is the only significant human capital variable, and it is directly related to the likelihood of being venture capital-backed. Venture capital-backed firms have significantly higher start-up costs, and their founders are less averse to loss of control than non-venture capital-backed firms. They conclude that the use of VC is dictated


To realize an efficient and flexible urban crowd-flow identification, we propose a new scheme called CFid by fusing fine-grained spatio-temporal smartphone signal features. Considering the abundance of ambient WiFi and geomagnetism, we design and validate several of their fine-grained features and similarity metrics to determine if two individuals belong to the same crowd-flow. We formalize a graph stream clustering problem, where co-flow user pairs are opportunistically identified and fed as a dynamic sequence of edges connecting each other. Given such a flexible form, a fast and accurate algorithm processes the edges and identifies the crowd-flows for further upper-level applications, including urban-flow monitoring and shopping-advertisement/recommendation. Using extensive data-driven analytics and 8-month experimental studies upon 50 users (over 2,500 walking traces at 7 different urban sites), we have validated the accuracy (usually >95%), efficiency (only <5% extra energy-footprint on average than normal usage on mobiles) and flexibility of CFid in identifying large-scale crowd-flows.


Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of the combination of short-period fertilization with early rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection(R-ICSI) in patients after complete fertilization failure and low fertilization rate in conventional in vitro fertilization(IVF) procedures and to analyze the clinical outcomes of ICSI in those patients.Methods A retrospective study was carried out from the Center of Reproductive Medicine of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University between January 2011 and December 2011,including cycles of R-ICSI(Group A),cycles of conventional IVF and ICSI in one cycle(Half-ICSI)(Group B),ICSI cycles(Group C) following a previous fertilization failure and low fertilization rate in conventional IVF,and direct ICSI cycles(group D) at the same period were performed.The clinical outcomes and laboratory parameters were compared in Group A,B,D and in Group C,D were analyzed.Results(1) The implantation rates and pregnancy rates in group A showed significant differences from those in group B[(17.02% vs.32.41%) and(25.00% vs.46.15%),respectively,P 0.05].The percentage of diploid zygotes and percentage of embryos can be utilized in group B showed significant differences from those in group D[(74.97% vs.88.50%) and(32.33% vs.40.31%),respectively,P0.05].(2) The percentage of embryo frozen cycles and implantation rates in group C showed significant differences from those in group D[(32.26% vs.53.03%) and(13.92% vs.33.03%),respectively,P 0.05].The abortion rates in group C was higher than that of group D and the percentage of diploid zygotes,pregnancy rates were lower than those of group D,but there were no significant differences.Conclusions(1) The combination of short-period fertilization with early R-ICSI combined Half-ICSI can find and rescue complete fertilization failure and low fertilization rate in conventional IVF procedures timely,and get better clinical effect.(2) ICSI may be a good choice to owercome previous fertilization failure,but the implantation rate is lower.It suggests it may be due at least partly to oocyte abnormality,which results in the descent of embryo development potential.


The UK government's Department for International Development has launched a new policy document outlining its strategy to tackle health problems in developing countries. The paper is one of a set that collectively aims to define what needs to be done to achieve the ambitious international development targets agreed by the United Nations and recently endorsed by the G8 countries in Okinawa, Japan.

The first of eight targets is to halve the proportion of people living in extreme poverty, by 2015. In an acknowledgement that tackling this target requires international action in many areas, the department has published separate strategy papers on the environment, education, good government, and economic policies in addition to the current paper on health.

The link …


Concerning the shortcomings of ant colony algorithm such as inherent long search time,being easy to fall into the local optimal solution,an improved Ad Hoc network routing algorithm based on ant colony algorithm was proposed.By using the roulette wheel method and spreading pheromones to improve the routing searching capability,bypassing the low energy neighbor node to equilibrium network node energy,while modifying routing tables,the routing algorithm performance was improved,and the adaptability of the algorithm was enhanced.By comparing the improved routing algorithm with AODV,the simulation results show that the algorithm not only increases the search diversity of roads and reduces the convergence time,but also improves network lifetime.


Species of Erythroneurini (Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) currently placed in the genus Zygina and found in Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands are transferred to the new genus Anzygina, type species Erythroneura sidnica Kirkaldy, following comparison with the type species of the genus: Typhlocyba nivea Mulsant and Rey. New combinations are Anzygina sidnica (Kirkaldy), Anzygina honiloa (Kirkaldy), Anzygina melanogaster (Kirkaldy) and Anzygina sativae (Evans) from Australia, Anzygina toetoe (Cumber), Anzygina agni (Knight), Anzygina dumbletoni (Ghauri) and Anzygina ramsayi (Knight) from New Zealand, Anzygina zealandica (Myers) from Australia and New Zealand, Anzygina jowettae (Knight) from Norfolk Island and Anzygina medioborealis (Ghauri) from Papua New Guinea. Lectotypes are designated for Erythroneura honiloa Kirkaldy and E. sidnica Kirkaldy. Anzygina billi sp.n. is described from SE Qld, and Anzygina barrattae sp.n. is described from the South Island of New Zealand. A. agni is a new record for Australia and is presumed to be Australian in origin. A. dumbletoni has a distribution which suggests that it also is introduced to New Zealand although its origins are not known. A. ramsayi, A. barrattae and A. toetoe, all of which appear to be New Zealand endemics, show affinity with each other based on aedeagal structure. A key to these species, based on males, is provided. The lack of male syntypes for Erythroneura honiala Kirkaldy and Erythroneura lubra Kirkaldy precludes establishment of their identities relative to other species of the genus, and both names are regarded as having nomen dubium status. Australian species not transferred to Anzygina are Zygina evansi (Ross) and Zygina ipoloa (Kirkaldy), both of which belong elsewhere.


Vibration signals from rotating machines are usually nonlinear and nonstationary. Time frequency techniques are suitable for analyzing this type of signals. Wavelet analysis is one of the most powerful methods in this regards. Therefore, wavelet analysis is used extensively for diagnosis of nonlinear and nonstationary signals. Faults in rotating machines show their effects in certain frequency bands. In this research the features extracted from reconstructed signals from wavelet packets were compared to features extracted from wavelet packet coefficients. It is shown that reconstructed signals act better for fault diagnosis than wavelet packet coefficients. To support our claim one example is designed that justifies our hypothesis. To evaluate our hypothesis in real world practical situations, health condition monitoring of a motorcycle gearbox has been considered. In this practical situation wavelet coefficients and reconstructed signals from wavelet packet coefficients extracted from signals acquired from gearbox housing were compared. Mahalanobis distance (MD) is employed to evaluate the significance of the extracted features. It is shown that features extracted from reconstructed signals are more suitable than features extracted from wavelet packet coefficients.


In the past four years we have witnessed the renaissance of the hadron spectroscopy. Many interesting new hadron states were discovered experimentally, some of which do not fit into the quark model easily. I will give a concise overview of these states and their possible interpretations. Topics covered in this review are: (1) candidates of new light hadrons including $p\bar p$ threshold enhancement, X(1835), X(1576), f0(1810), recent candidates of the 1-+ exotic mesons, Y(2175), $p\bar\Lambda$ threshold enhancement etc. (2) charmed mesons including p-wave non-strange charmed mesons, Dsj(2317) and Dsj(2460), recent candidates of higher excited charmed mesons, Dsj(2632) etc. (3) charmonium and charmonium-like states such as X(3872), Y(4260), X(3940), Y(3940), Z(3930) etc. The effect from the nearby S-wave open channels on the quark model spectrum above or near strong decay threshold is emphasized. Dynamical lattice simulations of DK and $D^0\bar D^{\ast 0}$ scattering and the extraction of their phase shift...


The study explores the counterstories of Latinx youth participants in a court diversion program. The Esperanza program works to re-integrate Latinx youth back into the educational system as a way to divert them from the juvenile justice system. This narrative qualitative research study included 33 interviews with youth participants, parents, program staff, and other stakeholders using Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Latino Critical Theory (LatCrit) as theoretical frameworks. The youth were referred to the Esperanza program, engaged with the program, changed their thinking, and transformed their lived experiences. In particular, they created their own counterstories about immigration and identity. The findings of this study are significant because they provide examples of Latinx youth needs that are not being offered in their current educational system.


C omplex numbers in engineering applications such as digital signal processing and image processing deserve formulation of an efficient method for their representation and processing in a computer system. Complex Binary Number System (CBNS) allows both real and imaginary parts of a complex number to be represented as a single unit (instead of two separate units as in today's microprocessors), thus allowing for reduced number of arithmetic operations dealing with complex numbers and, hence, increase in overall system performance. Incorporating CBNS within a parallel processing environment, such as associative dataflow processor (ADP), provides an ideal amalgamation of novelty in computer arithmetic with the use of associative memory in computer architecture. In this paper, an introduction to CBNS has been presented followed by the presentation of the associative dataflow concept and the design of a complex binary associative dataflow processor (CBADP). This design has been granted an innovation patent no. 2010100706 by the Australian Patent Office in July 2010.


In this work, a study of the crystalline perfection of an aluminium single crystal is presented. The study shows that, from three-dimensional neutron diffraction rocking curves, it is possible to characterize the individual crystalline domains of a multidomain crystal. From a macroscopic point of view, the determination of the domains allows an evaluation of the crystalline perfection of the crystal under study. Three-dimensional rocking curves have been obtained by neutron diffraction from a large mosaic aluminium crystal. Construction of a contour map of individual domains made it easier to determine the breadth and relative intensity of each domain. The angular distances between domains were also determined.


SEAKEY is intended for the very preliminary stages of ship design which can rapidly evaluate several alternatives and encourage the user to produce a new design rather than a modification of an old one. SEAKEY is an interactive system running on an ordinary mainframe computer, consists of some 2500 lines of FORTRAN and is closely linked to a much larger system NAPA . Sharing a common data base, any information generated by one system is accessible to the other.


The process and key point for producing cattle napped split leather were discussed,and perfect results were gained with appropriate chemicals and technology.


This paper builds a complex network of weighted and directed coal trade based on the international coal trade data in the United Nations trade database from 1999 to 2018, specifically analyzes the trade scale, trade relations, and trade distribution and other characteristics of international coal trade, and determines the main trade core countries and trade hub countries. The results show that the scale of international coal trade has grown steadily, but the transformation of trade relations is complicated. Especially in the context of increasing trade frictions, trade links between countries have decreased significantly, trade balance has declined, and trade agglomeration has increased. Australia, the United States, Japan and other countries are big coal trading countries, while the United States, South Africa, India and other countries are important trading hubs. Based on the theory of competitive advantage, this paper proposes corresponding countermeasures for different countries to enhance their competitive advantages.


After the outbreak of major emergencies, the scheduling of emergency supplies is the key to the emergency rescue work, and the establishment of appropriate emergency logistics centers plays a crucial supporting role In order to deal with the problem of emergency facility location and material distribution in urban emergency logistics system, this paper establishes a dual objective mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model with the objective of minimizing the emergency rescue time and maximizing the satisfaction rate of emergency material demand, designs a genetic algorithm to solve the emergency logistics location and allocation model, and obtains the Pareto optimal solution set of the model Finally, a case study of COVID-19 epidemic in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model and algorithm in the actual application, which can provide reference and suggestions for the location and material distribution of urban emergency logistics centers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Mathematical Problems in Engineering is the property of Hindawi Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )


With the method of non-experimental assessment research of epidemiology,by viewing the reformation as the intervention and dividing observation group and control group,the study makes some statistics about the variables related to the quality of applicants for a medical college after and before the reformation.The conclusion is:the reformation may be one of the causes that appeals to applicants from reformed class to the non-reformed class ; the reformation is a risk factor to the non-reformed class ( may cause the quality of applccants down ) while the reformation is a protective factor to the reformed class ( help raise the quality of applicants or avoid slipping down too fast ).

Key words:
Graduate entrance examination;  First-test subjects reformation;  Quality of applicants ;  Risk factor;  Protection factor


Variation in morphological characteristics among six isolates of Alternaria brassicae, the causal agent of Alternaria blight of rapeseed-mustard, was studied. All the isolates showed high level of variability in vitro in respect of radial growth, conidia length, width, beak length and number of septa. These samples were isolated and purified by single spore technique to studied thse morphological and radial growth behaviour on PDA at 25±1°C. Radial growth varied from 70.70 to 90.00 mm. The average conidial length ranged from 105.75 to 136.73 μm and width from 11.13 to 15.70 μm. The conidial beak length varied from 50.00 to 71.08 μm. Number of transverse and longitudinal septa ranged from 6.00 to 8.00 and 0.25 to 2.75 respectively.


This research is motivated by the thoughts of K.H. Salim Ma'ruf on Islamic economics in the treatise mu'âmalât which discusses 'âriyah, rahn, wadî'ah. However, he did not mention the arguments and 'illat law, this is of course different from most of the scholars who state the arguments and 'illat law for their opinion. In fact, the inclusion of the arguments and 'illat law is important to know the clarity of the law. What's more, in his treatise there is an opinion that is different from the opinion of other Shafi'iyyah scholars, whereas he does not explain the legal basis or his 'illat. Therefore the focus of this research is What are the arguments and 'illat underlying the thoughts of K. H. Salim Ma'ruf 'âriah, wadî'ah, rahn in the Risâlah Mu'âmalât and How is the istinbath method used by K. H. Salim Ma'ruf 'ariah, wadî'ah, rahn in the treatise mu'âmalât. The method used according to its type is literature review and is classified as legal philosophy research because the focus of study in this research is legal thinking. The results of the study show that K. H. Salim Ma'ruf's Islamic economic thought regarding âriyah, rahn, wadî'ah in the Risâlah Mu'âmalât is based on the Koran and hadith, besides that he also cited several fiqh books which were used as the basis, namely, "Nihayat al-Muhtaj by Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Hamzah Ar-Ramli, Mugni Al-Muhtaj Ila Ma'rifah Ma'ani Al-Faadz Al-Minhaj by Khotib Syarbini. Minhâj at-Thâlibin by Imam an-Nawawi.


Medicinal plants render herbal remedies for human ailments and hence prevail over traditional healthcare practices. This study has analysed the antibacterial potential of the leaf extracts of four selected medicinal plants namely, Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Biophytum sensitivum, and Mimosa pudica, using Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method. Six bacterial species, namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, and Brevibacillus choshinensis were used to assess the growth inhibitory potentials of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the selected plant leaves. The study revealed that the leaf extract of B. sensitivum had the most pronounced antibacterial potential, followed by A. indica and O. tenuiflorum. The least inhibitory potential was showed by the extracts of M. pudica. The findings of the investigation state that the aqueous extract had more consistent antibacterial activity than the ethanolic extracts, confirming that the antibacterial agents present in these leaf extracts are hydrophilic in nature. In terms of growth inhibition, the susceptibility of the pathogenic, virulent strains of bacteria toward these extracts was found comparatively lower than that of the non-virulent, environmental bacteria. With the aqueous extracts, A. baumannii was found to be the most susceptible bacterial species while E. coli was the most resistant. With the ethanolic extracts, E. coli was found to be the most susceptible and B. subtilis the least. The current study supports the usage of the screened medicinal plants in alternative medical practices, as a measure to avoid opportunistic infections by environmental bacteria.


A new typw of indoloditerpene, petromindole (1), and a new asterriquinone derivative, PM-53 (2), were isolated from the ascostromata of Petromyces muricatus, along with bisindolylbenzenoids, petromurins A (3)-D (6). The structure of 1 was suggested by spectroscopic data and confirmed by an X-ray crystallographic analysis, while that of 2 was determined by analyses of the various NMR spectra.


An oral surgeon and an orthodontist worked together to treat malocclusion in a patient with gross facial abnormalities resulting from mandibulofacial dysostosis.


The present invention provides an adhesive composition which includes 5 wt% or more of a component (A) derived from (meta) acrylic acid alkyl ester having an alkyl group with 12 or more carbon atoms, 5 wt% or more of a component (B) derived from (meta) acrylic acid alkyl ester having an alkyl group with 1-8 carbon atoms, and 2-30 wt% of a component (C) derived from a monomer having a hydroxyl group. The adhesive composition contains a (meta)acryl polymer in which the total percentage of the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C) is 80 wt% of more.


We report on the development of solid-state deep ultraviolet light sources optimized for the germicidal applications. Pulsed power levels in excess of 10 mW were achieved for AlGaN based 265 nm light emitting diodes by improving the material quality using Migration-Enhanced Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition. Packaged devices reached the continuous-wave power of 237 µW at 30 mA and a pulse power exceeding 10 mW for 1.2 A driving current.


We present an approach to reward maximiza-tion in a non-stationary mobile robot environment. The approach works within the realistic constraints of limited local sensing and limited a priori knowledge of the environment. It is based on the use of augmented Markov models (AMMs), a general modeling tool we have developed. AMMs are essentially Markov chains having additional statistics associated with states and state transitions. We have developed an algorithm that constructs AMMs on-line and in real-time with little computational and space overhead, making it practical to learn multiple models of the interaction dynamics between a robot and its environment during the execution of a task. For the purposes of reward maximiza-tion in a non-stationary environment, these models monitor events at increasing intervals of time and provide statistics used to discard redundant or outdated information while reducing the probability of conforming to noise. We have successfully implemented this approach with a physical mobile robot performing a mine collection task. In the context of this task, we rst present experimental results validating our reward max-imization criterion in a stationary environment. We then incorporate our algorithm for redundant/outdated information reduction using multiple models and apply the approach to a non-stationary environment with an abrupt change. Finally, we apply the technique to a simulated version of the task with a gradually shifting environment.


This work presents an experimental evaluation of the effect of different speech styles on the task of speaker identification. Although the informal notion of a speaking style does not readily translate into operational procedures for eliciting speech in one style or another, we make use of willfully altered voice extracted from the CHAINS corpus and methodically assess the effect of its use in both testing and training a reference speaker identification system and a reference speaker verification system. In this work we contrast normal readings of text with two varieties of imitative styles and with the familiar, non-imitative, variant of fast speech. Furthermore, we test the applicability of a novel speech parameterization that has been suggested as a promising technique in the task of speaker identification: the pyknogram frequency estimate coefficients pykfec. The experimental evaluation indicates that both the reference verification and identification systems are affected by variations in style of the speech material used. Our case studies also indicates that the adoption of pykfec as speech encoding methodology has an overall favorable effect on the systems accuracy scores.


In this thesis, we discuss a number of different approaches to analysing time series of multivariate financial returns with an emphasis on extreme movements. In the first case, we use a non-stationary, unconditional and non-parametric approach to model the volatility. The second method consists of modeling the volatility using a stationary, conditional and parametric approach while in the third case, we turn to a more direct extreme value analysis of the returns. We exemplify the use of these three methodologies through a detailed analysis of the returns of the daily foreign exchange noon buying rates in New York City for the British Pound (GBP) and the German Mark (DEM) over the last 23 years as well as daily closing prices of the Standard & Poors Composite Stock Price Index (S&P ) and the Dow Jones Industrial Average Index (DJI) over the last 26 years.


The term recombinant DNA technology, DNA cloning, molecular cloning, or gene cloning all refers to the same process. Gene cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology and useful in many areas of research and for biomedical applications. It is the production of exact copies (clones) of a particular gene or DNA sequence using genetic engineering techniques. cDNA is synthesized by using template RNA isolated from blood sample (human). GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is one of the most commonly used housekeeping genes used in comparisons of gene expression data. Amplify the gene (GAPDH) using primer forward and reverse with the sequence of 5'-TGATGACATCAAGAAGGTGGTGAA-3' and 5'-TCCTTGGAGGCCATGTGGGCCAT- 3'.pUC18 high copy cloning vector for replication in E. coli, suitable for "blue-white screening" technique and cleaved with the help of SmaI restriction enzyme. Modern cloning vectors include selectable markers (most frequently antibiotic resistant marker) that allow only cells in which the vector but necessarily the insert has been transfected to grow. Additionally the cloning vectors may contain color selection markers which provide blue/white screening (i.e. alpha complementation) on X- Gal and IPTG containing medium.


Abstract Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) is an annual herbaceous plant widely cultivated throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the world. Seeds of fennel are used as flavouring agents in food products and an ingredient of cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. A study was conducted with five fennel varieties originated from different part of India and were evaluated for seed essential and total oil content and its composition, total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant properties of crude seed extract. The essential oil yield varied from 1.51 to 2.02%. Twenty one constituents belonging to terpenic hydrocarbons (7.646-12.966%), ether (9.05-88.73%), alcohols (0.0-0.062%), aldehydes (0.0-0.094%), carboxylic acid (3.225-6.328%) and diverse functional group (0.102-0.723%) were detected in essential oil. Among ethers, 4-allylanisole, anethol and estragol were the major compounds. Variation was observed for total phenolic and flavonoid content. Distilled water and hexane were found suitable solvent for maximum extraction. Distilled water extract showed a good combination of phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity (71.12%). Seventeen fatty acids were found in fennel seed oil including petroselinic acid (62.08%-66.71%), 10-Nonadecanone (4.70-22.80%) and linoleic acid (1.32-7.59%). Oleic acid, stearic acid, eicosanoic acid, lenolenic acid and intermediate compounds cyclotetracosan, cyclohexadecan, 10-Nonadecanol were detected in one or other genotypes.


Stuart Kornfeld, of Washington University School of Medicine, is best known for his research in glycobiology, in particular his work describing pathways involved in oligosaccharide biosynthesis, processing, and maturation. These actions are critical in mediating proper folding and transport of proteins. Kornfeld (Figure 1) also discovered how lysosomal enzymes are routed from where they are produced to where they are needed in lysosomes, which help rid cells of macromolecules. See the full interview on the JCI website (http://www.jci.org/videos/cgms) for more of Kornfeld's stories about his first experiment, stuttering, and why St. Louis has such magnetism.


Let V be a representation space of a finite group G. We determine the group structure of the first homology of the equivariant diffeomorphism group of V. Then we can apply it to the calculation of the first homology of the corresponding automorphism groups of smooth orbifolds, compact Hausdorff foliations, codimension one or two compact foliations and the locally free S1‐actions on 3‐manifolds.


The effect of tungsten alloying on the elastic properties of B2-NiAl at low-temperature and high-temperature distribution of W atoms on sublattices. By means of the exact muffin-tin orbitals method in conjunction with the coherent potential approximation, the constants C11,C12,C44, Young's modulus E, shear modulus G, Cauchy pressure values, G/B ratios are calculated. Using phenomenological criteria of the correlation between ductility and elastic properties of solution phases, it has been shown that the addition of tungsten could yield improved ductility for B2-NiAl in both types of alloys. It is established that with the high-temperature distribution of W atoms on the Al sublattice, there is a loss of mechanical stability and a decrease in mechanical properties with increasing W concentration. In alloys with a low-temperature distribution of tungsten atoms between Al and Ni sites a unique combination of properties occurs: in addition to the ductility enhancement, a simultaneous increase of the elastic constants C44 and C11 and C11, shear modulus G, Young's modulus E with increasing W content is observed. The differences in the behavior of elastic constants in alloys with different types of tungsten distribution on NiAl sublattices are analyzed by calculating the density of electronic states. Keywords: NiAl, alloying elements, tungsten, elastic properties, ductility, first-principles calculations.


An endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, has been used for a biological control agent against the diamondback moth, Plutellae xylostella. It has a symbiotic polydnavirus in their reproductive tract, which is required for its successful parasitization. Here, we measured a specific replication time of the polydnavirus during female development of C. plutellae. We, also, analyzed the reproductive potentials of female C. plutellae under mating or different host conditions. At , pupal C. plutellae began to develop adult tissues such as compound eyes and wings since day 2. At day 5, all adult tissues including antennae were developed and were ready to emerge. With polyclonal antibody raised against C. plutellae polydnavirus, an immunobloting could confirm virus replication at day 4 during pupal stage. Virus particles could be visualized by transmission electron microscope in the oviduct lumen of day 5 pupae. After adult eclosion, venom gland and ovarian calyx increased in size, though ovarioles did not. Mated females layed large number of eggs (over ) at first 4 days during their mean longevity of ca. 8 days at . Unmated females showed less active ovipositional behavior, where all the eggs developed into males. C. Plutellae parasitized both P. xylostella and fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea. However, C. Plutellae developed faster and showed higher successful paarasitization in P. xylostella than in H. cunea.


Human motion recognition (HMR) based on wireless sensing is a low-cost technique for scene understanding. Current HMR systems adopt support vector machines (SVMs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify radar signals. However, whether a deeper learning model could improve the system performance is currently not known. On the other hand, training a machine learning model requires a large dataset, but data gathering from experiment is cost-expensive and time-consuming. Although wireless channel models can be adopted for dataset generation, current channel models are mostly designed for communication rather than sensing. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a deep spectrogram network (DSN) by leveraging the residual mapping technique to enhance the HMR performance. Furthermore, a primitive based autoregressive hybrid (PBAH) channel model is developed, which facilitates efficient training and testing dataset generation for HMR in a virtual environment. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PBAH channel model matches the actual experimental data very well and the proposed DSN achieves significantly smaller recognition error than that of CNN.


Abstract The United States faces ongoing challenges retaining military men and women. Previous research highlights that family factors influence members' decisions to leave the service. The Conceptual Model of Military Career and Life Course Events and Well-Being suggests that having a baby is a key family life event and may affect military men's and women's career intentions differently. Despite this, research on factors influencing new military mothers' and fathers' career intentions is scant. Addressing that gap, this study used 2011 Air Force survey data to examine demographic, work, and personal factors associated with career intentions of married and unmarried Air Force men and women who had a baby in the last year (analytic sample =3,679). Results revealed new insights, including: new military mothers experience twice as many unmet childcare needs as new military fathers, marriage to an active duty spouse is associated with lesser retention intentions among female officers, and workgroup cohesion is uniquely, strongly associated with career intentions of enlisted unmarried fathers. Overall, findings suggest that policies aimed at supporting dual military couples, and increasing service-members' and their spouses' military life satisfaction could improve military readiness and retention.


The aim of the article is to study the theoretical aspects of researching the quality of labor potential in the context of forming effective personnel management of organizations of different profiles and scales to achieve high end results and at the same time to increase the index of self-realization of employees. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific methods of generalization, grouping (in the content analysis of the works of economists engaged in the study of the quality of labor potential), system analysis and synthesis (to highlight the main qualities of a successful manager, components of labor potential). evaluation model of the level of self-realization of the employee in the organization), graphic image (to visualize the results and analytical data). Results. The necessity of implementing the ideology of eco-human-centrism in the practice of public administration through the appropriate culture of systemic (target) management based on the final human-centric results, first of all, in the authorities at all levels is substantiated. The role of components of quality of labor potential of the organization in maintenance of high final results is defined. The model of estimation of the level (index) of self-realization of the employee in the organization is presented. The main approaches to defining the essence of the concept of "quality of labor potential" of the organization are highlighted and generalized. The components of the quality of the labor potential of the organization are determined. Practical meaning. The necessity of taking into account the labor potential of the organization and assessing its quality for the implementation of the concept of system management and development of the country as a whole is substantiated. Prospects for further research are to achieve synchronized interaction of a large number of organizations that make up society in different areas and institutions through the achievement of a certain "integrity", which in society is due to the overall strong end goal of government, which is fixed by clear end results. in the form of improving the quality of life of citizens and the external image of the state.


Introduction: In Chile, an important proportion of public hospitals are teaching hospitals. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the levels of satisfaction with health care services in one teaching hospital and one non teaching hospital.  Material and method: Cross-sectional study. A survey was carried out to evaluate satisfaction with health care and the level of acceptance of medical students by hospitalized patients in urology services in Gustavo Frike Hospital (non teaching) and Carlos Van Buren (teaching), between September and November of 2009. Content validity ratios (CVR) was used as inclusion criteria for the 14 different items on the questionnaire, and it was evaluated for internal consistency. Results: 140 patients completed the questionnaire, 70 at each hospital. There was no difference in the level of satisfaction between hospitals (90% and 88.6%). With respect to the demographic variables, between the two hospitals there were differences according to age of patients, proportion of retirees, and level of education. The only variable that was associated with satisfaction was sex, found in 95% of men and 81.4% of women (p=0.01). 94.3% of patients accepted the presence of studentts at the teaching hospital. Discussion: In this sample, hospitalization in the teaching or the non teaching hospital did not affect patient satisfaction. The only variable that was associated with satisfaction was sex, and the presence of students was accepted by the majority of patients.


The effect of Mg doping in ZnO is investigated through structural, electrical, and optical properties. Zn1−xMgxO (0<×<0.3) thin films were deposited on Si (100) and corning glass substrates using multimagnetron sputtering. Investigations on the structural properties of the films revealed that the increase in Mg concentration resulted in phase evolution from hexagonal to cubic phase. The temperature dependent study of dielectric constant at different frequencies exhibited a dielectric anomaly at 110 °C. The Zn0.7Mg0.3O thin films exhibited a well-defined polarization hysteresis loop with a remnant polarization of 0.2 μC/cm2 and coercive field of 8 kV/cm at room temperature. An increase in the band gap with an increase in Mg content was observed in the range of 3.3–3.8 eV for x=0–0.3. The average transmittance of the films was higher than 90% in the wavelength region λ=400–900 nm.


The CO2 storage in saline aquifers possess large storage potential, required less well numbers, low storage costs, less geographical restrictions, etc, it has widespread attention of environmental protection workers at home and abroad. Through the mechanism of CO2 storage in saline aquifers research shows that the form of CO2 storage in saline aquifers was divided into free gas and irreducible gas. Through the application of CMG software to simulate the geological model, the results showed that the diffusion coefficient has a minimal impact on CO2 safe storage. When choose storage reservoir, high porosity, high permeability, low vertical and horizontal permeability ratio is the first choice.


This paper describes the process of setting up a strategic forum for addressing the complex needs of adults with a learning disability in an inner city locality. The forum's focus was on those placed outside of the locality and those at risk of local placement breakdown.


Differential equations are important tools in studying of natural science, engineering technology, and the laws of social economic development. It is necessary to seek some new inequalities in order to study of boundedness, uniqueness, stability and boundary value problem of a differential equation. Motivated by Abdeldaim integral inequalities, in this paper, we establish a class of generalized retarded nonlinear Gronwall-Bellman-Type integral inequalities and give upper bound estimation of the unknown function by analysis skills. Finally we give an example to illustrate the effectiveness of our results in estimation of solutions of some differential equations with the initial conditions.


The purpose of this study is to describe how short-term memory is in learning mathematics. This research method is a literature study. Literature study examines theories based on books, articles, notes, and reports related to the problems studied. The sources of data needed by researchers in this literature review are using primary sources and secondary sources. Data analysis aims to obtain answers from the formulation of the problem that has been determined, data analysis is carried out in an inductive and interpretive way. The result of this research is that the source of working memory during learning is explained in single-digit arithmetic learning, multi-digit arithmetic learning. Meanwhile, working memory in children with math difficulties is found in verbal working memory and visual-spatial working memory.


The understory biomass (Wu) and its relationships with stand structure are paramount important for sustainable management and carbon accounting for forest ecosystem, but until now it remains poorly understood. Therefore we selected Sichuan cypress ( Cupressus funebris ) plantation forests across Sichuan basin, southwestern China, to explore the correlations of Wu with stand structure and to establish the regional estimation models for Wu and its components鄄 Shrub biomass (Ws) and herbaceous biomass (Wh). We tried to answer two questions: which structural parameters would relate closely to the Wu, Ws and Wh and therefore can be integrated into the biomass estimation models, respectively, and whether the fit estimation models by integrating the overstory parameter could be better to predict Wu across the region. We employed plot methods to survey the stand structure including tree, shrub and herbaceous layers and the Wu, Ws and Wh of below鄄 and above鄄ground on fourteen Sichuan cypress forests from 12 counties in Sichuan basin. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to explore the relationships of the Wu, Ws and Wh with all 12 structural parameters and five models were selected to simulate and screen the fitted biomass estimation equations. Our data displayed that the Wu and Ws had significant correlations with the percentage cover (Cs), average height (Hs) and the projected volume (Vs =Cs伊Hs) of shrubs, it was closer than that with other structural parameters including stand density (Du ). Among all fitting equations, the power equation was the best one to estimate the shrub biomass: Ws = 0. 0005V 1.0411 s (R 2 a = 0. 762, P < 0. 001, n = 40), and the multiple linear regression model to the understory biomass: lnWu = 0.0158Hs +0.0111Cs -0.5358 (R 2 a = 0.695, P<0.001,


Aeromagnetic data coupled with Landsat ETM+ data and SRTM DEM have been processed in order to map regional hydrogeological structures in the basement complex region of Paiko, North Central Nigeria. Lineaments were extracted from derivative maps of aeromagnetic, Landsat ETM+ and SRTM DEM datasets. Ground geophysical investigation utilizing Radial Vertical Electrical Sounding (RVES) was established in nine transects comprised of four sounding stations which are oriented in three azimuths. Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) was employed to map average depths of structures from aeromagnetic dataset. Selected thematic layers which included lineaments density, lithologic structure, slope, drainage density and geomorphologic maps were integrated and modeled using ArcGIS to generate a groundwater potential map of the area. Groundwater zones were classified into four categories: Very good, good, moderate and poor according to their potential to yield sustainable water to drilled wells. The results from RVES survey reveal a close correlation to lineaments delineated from surface structural mapping and remotely sensed datasets. Hydrogeological significance of these orientations suggest that aeromagnetic data can be used to map relatively deep-seated fractures which are likely to be open groundwater conduits while remotely sensed lineaments and orientations delineated from the RVES survey may indicate areas of recharge. Regions with high lineament density attributable to thick regolith and highly fractured basement have better groundwater potential. Drill depths in this area should target a minimum of 80 m to ensure sufficient and sustainable supplies to drilled wells. The outcome of this study would act as information framework that would guide the siting of productive water wells while providing needed information for relevant agencies in need of data for the development of groundwater resources.


The unearthed coarse pottery drinking vessels of5800~6000 ye ars history in Meixian has advanced the liquor-making history in China more tha n1000years ahead.Taibai brand Taibai Liquor first appeared in this place.T he liquor has its beginning in Zhou Dynasty and its booming period in Tang Dynas ty and Song Dynasty and it has more than3000years history.The distinguished person and famous literators and poets in all ages sang high praise for Taibai Liquor and they had left behind lots of classical poems about the liquor.The long history,the exquisite production techniques and the diligent technicians bred,nourished and further developed Taibai Liquor culture and eventually made Taibai Liquor famous quality liquor in China.(Tran.by YUE Yang)


6,6 ,8 ,8-Tet ramethyl -7-oxa-6 ,8-d is i la [3] fe r rocenophane 2 was ob ta ined from the di(alkoxysilyl) ferrocene (H4CsSiMe2OR)2Fe (R = CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CHEOMe ) by hydrolysis and subsequent intramolecular disiloxane formation. 2,2',3,Y,4,4',5,5',6,6,8,8-Dodecamethyl-7-oxa-6,8disi la-[3]ferrocenophane 3 was formed by air oxidation of 2,2'3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6,7,7-dodecamethyl-6,7disi la[2]ferrocenophane. The crystal structures of both compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (2: a=8.5330(10), b = 15.610(3), c = 18.774(5)/~, ~=70.68(2), fl=77.94(2), ~ = 75.150(10) °, V = 2259.8(8) • 3, Z = 6 , space group P1, R=0 .045 , Rw=0.044; 3: a=12.388(3), b = 9.924(3), c = 19.136(10)~, fl = 105.11(3) °, V= 2271.2(15)~ 3, Z = 4, space group P21/c, R = 0.076, Rw = 0.060). Owing to the flexibility of the disiloxane bridge, 2 and 3 are unstrained molecules.


For the elderly may have the risk of falling during using the walking assistant robot, an approach for fall detection of older population based on multi-sensor data fusion is presented in this paper, which is making full use of tactile-slip sensor, acceleration sensor and gyroscope to acquire the older falling data and extract its feature. And then, the multi-sensor data fusion based on the BP neural network is realized to get the value of falling risk. Finally, the verifying experimental result shows that the proposed method can effectively distinguish the fall events and other daily life activities, and gets good result in predicting falls.


While little change has occurred in the total number of golfers in the United States, the total number of golf courses is rapidly in creasing (3). This increase in market com petition has made it vital for resort owners and managers to examine the variables which influence golfers to use and return to their facilities. A relationship that appears to form between golfers and golf courses which has been neglected is place attach ment. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not place attachment actually occurs on a golf course. A second purpose was to investigate the relationship between attachment and a golfer's proximity to the course, gender, age, frequency of play, handicap and income. A third purpose was to examine the relationship between attachment to course and overall satisfaction 4 and perceived value. Subjects (N=l,397) · were randomly selected by tee times strati fied by weekday and weekend and season of the year at six different Cleveland Metro Parks golf courses. Of the golfers that participated, the average age was 49.9, 70.2% were married, 79.9% were male, and the median household income was $50,000 to $59,999. Results show that a distinct variable of attachment emerged from golf ers' perceptions. Further, age, frequency of play, perceived value and overall satis faction were all found to have strong relationships to attachment. Managerial im plications and applicability are discussed.


This paper concerns with an self recording analyser of particle size distribution of the construction being so simple that may be installed conveniently an any laboratory.The apparatus is equipped with a glass lever, and the gain in weight of the particles accumlated on the weighing pan is recorded automatically with a displacement meter of differential transformer. It records simultaneously the three different size distributions of three samples.The authors have carried out the measurements of the particle size distributions of some clays with satisfactory results.


Social capital affects many social and economic outcomes; hence, it is important to monitor its changes over time. Previous literature on trends of social capital focused mainly on the case of US, devoting less attention to other regions of the world, such as Europe. This study uses WVS-EVS integrated data (1990-2012) to describe the trends of 10 proxies of social capital in 30 Western and Eastern European countries. The paper demonstrates that the convergence of social capital among European regions was limited, and it shows evidence of path dependency, especially in case of relational social capital.


A digital whiteboard system for enabling a user thereof to write at a preferred position includes a digital whiteboard configured to cooperate with a computer, said digital whiteboard, in operation, being divided into a plurality of virtual panels; wherein the digital whiteboard locates tools and menu bar; wherein the digital whiteboard is configured to allow a user to move a virtual panel upwards or downwards by dragging a continuous scroll bar; and wherein the virtual panel moves in the same direction as the direction in which the scroll bar is dragged.


nergic system is pivotal in the control of nergic system is pivotal in the control of psychotic symptoms, and in recent years psychotic symptoms, and in recent years drug development has focused on optimisdrug development has focused on optimising the effect of antipsychotic agents in this ing the effect of antipsychotic agents in this system. The aim was to reduce side-effects system. The aim was to reduce side-effects caused by antidopaminergic action in noncaused by antidopaminergic action in nonmesolimbic regions. Most attention has mesolimbic regions. Most attention has been given to the various movement disbeen given to the various movement disorders caused by dopaminergic blockade orders caused by dopaminergic blockade in the striatum. However, the antidopamiin the striatum. However, the antidopaminergic effect at the pituitary gland and the nergic effect at the pituitary gland and the resulting increase in prolactin production resulting increase in prolactin production have been relatively neglected, and have been relatively neglected, and clinicians underestimate their prevalence clinicians underestimate their prevalence


Objective To summarize preoperative evaluation and anesthesia in patients of non cardiac operation under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods 9 times of anesthesia for 8 patients of non cardiac operation under cardiopulmonary bypass were analyzed retrospectively,in which cardiopulmonary bypass was set up in six times by left or right thigh artery to thigh vein and in two times by right subclavian artery to subclavian vein partially,and in two times commonly.Results The mean time of CPB was (131±31)min(96~184min) and the mean time of operation was( 5.9±1.8)h(4~9.5h),the average bleed was (1 350±967)ml(600~3 500ml) and the average transfusion was (950±886)ml(400~3 000ml),and the mean urine output was 1 001±450ml(400~1 800ml) and the average time of respiratory support was (28.5±30.8)h(4.5~96h) postoperation,one patient died of multiple organ dysfunction at 42 days after operation.Conclusion More virtues of cardiopulmonary bypass might have been confirmed in patients with difficult airway,unstable circulatory function or other special patients,and the augmentation of pre anesthesia evaluation and anesthetic management is advantageous for anesthesia and operation success.