To address the critical site characterization and monitoring needs for CCS programs, US Department of Energy (DOE) awarded Paulsson, Inc. in 2010 a contract to design, build and test a fiber optic based ultra-large bandwidth clamped borehole seismic vector array capable of deploying up to one thousand 3C sensor pods suitable for deployment into high temperature and high pressure boreholes. Paulsson, Inc. has completed a design or a unique borehole seismic system consisting of a novel drill pipe based deployment system that includes a hydraulic clamping mechanism for the sensor pods, a new sensor pod design and most important – a unique fiber optic seismic vector sensor with technical specifications and capabilities that far exceed the state of the art seismic sensor technologies. These novel technologies were all applied to the new borehole seismic system. In combination these technologies will allow for the deployment of up to 1,000 3C sensor pods in vertical, deviated or horizontal wells. Laboratory tests of the fiber optic seismic vector sensors developed during this project have shown that the new borehole seismic sensor technology is capable of generating outstanding high vector fidelity data with extremely large bandwidth: 0.01 – 6,000 Hz. Field tests have shown that the more » system can record events at magnitudes much smaller than M-2.3 at frequencies up to 2,000 Hz. The sensors have also proved to be about 100 times more sensitive than the regular coil geophones that are used in borehole seismic systems today. The fiber optic seismic sensors have furthermore been qualified to operate at temperatures over 300°C (572°F). The fibers used for the seismic sensors in the system are used to record Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS) data allowing additional value added data to be recorded simultaneously with the seismic vector sensor data. « less


Demographic variablis have a great deal of impact on the utilization of health services, In this paper, the use of segmented polynomials is shown to be simple use of dummy variables and simple polynomials in explaining differences in health care utilization with respect to sex and age differences.


Abstract While influencer marketing is gaining importance as a social media advertising strategy and guidelines require influencers to disclose the practice, it is still unclear whether Instagram users recognize and understand this type of advertising. This study aims to gain insights into the level of persuasion knowledge of influencer marketing on Instagram, and which cues Instagram users use to identify influencer marketing. An eye tracking study (N = 67) and an online experiment (N = 371) reveal that (1) Instagram users seem to be aware of influencer marketing but also make mistakes in identifying it within their Instagram feed, (2) users pay most attention to brand tags in pictures and 'Paid partnership' labels and least attention to #ad, and (3) disclosures, brand presence, and influencer type all influence the level of conceptual persuasion knowledge. Although previous research has shown that disclosures can be important drivers of persuasion knowledge activation, this study is the first to reveal that bottom-up factors such as brand presence and the type of influencer can also have this effect. Importantly, our findings signal that the lines between non-commercial and commercial content on Instagram are still blurred.


Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer remains a major therapeutic challenge despite medical advances. The incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing, and this disease is associated with a high mortality and morbidity rate. The poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer can be attributed to several factors, including the difficulty of early diagnosis due to the lack of specific symptoms and biomarkers in the early stages, the aggressiveness of the disease, and its resistance to systemic therapies. However, recent advances in the field have led to promising new therapeutic strategies, and endoscopists have assumed a key role in the multidisciplinary management of this disease. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive literature review focused on examining existing treatments for various stages of pancreatic cancer, with an emphasis on new and innovative therapeutic approaches. Abstract Pancreatic cancer remains a social and medical burden despite the tremendous advances that medicine has made in the last two decades. The incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing, and it continues to be associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. The difficulty of early diagnosis (the lack of specific symptoms and biomarkers at early stages), the aggressiveness of the disease, and its resistance to systemic therapies are the main factors for the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer. The only curative treatment for pancreatic cancer is surgery, but the vast majority of patients with pancreatic cancer have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Pancreatic surgery is among the most challenging surgical procedures, but recent improvements in surgical techniques, careful patient selection, and the availability of minimally invasive techniques (e.g., robotic surgery) have dramatically reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with pancreatic surgery. Patients who are not candidates for surgery may benefit from locoregional and systemic therapy. In some cases (e.g., patients for whom marginal resection is feasible), systemic therapy may be considered a bridge to surgery to allow downstaging of the cancer; in other cases (e.g., metastatic disease), systemic therapy is considered the standard approach with the goal of prolonging patient survival. The complexity of patients with pancreatic cancer requires a personalized and multidisciplinary approach to choose the best treatment for each clinical situation. The aim of this article is to provide a literature review of the available treatments for the different stages of pancreatic cancer.


Measuring electrical activity in large numbers of cells with high spatial and temporal resolution is
a fundamental problem for the study of neural development and information processing. To address this
problem, we have constructed FlaSh: a novel, genetically-encoded probe that can be used to measure trans-membrane
voltage in single cells. We fused a modified green fluorescent protein (GFP) into a voltage-sensitive
potassium channel so that voltage dependent rearrangements in the potassium channel induce
changes in the fluorescence of GFP. A voltage sensor encoded into DNA has the advantage that it may be
introduced into an organism non-invasively and targeted to specific developmental stages, brain regions,
cell types, and sub-cellular compartments. We also describe modifications to FlaSh that shift its color, kinetics, and dynamic range. We used
multiple green fluorescent proteins to produce variants of the FlaSh sensor that generate ratiometric signal
output via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Finally, we describe initial work toward FlaSh
variants that are sensitive to G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activation. These sensors can be used to
design functional assays for receptor activation in living cells.


Reports such as Rising Above the Gathering Storm and Europe Needs More Scientists exemplify the international community's concern about the state of public science education. With a lack of scientific literacy for all students and insufficient numbers of individuals choosing to pursue careers in science, the situation is seen as a threat to the sustainability of a robust national economy. Continuing professional development for science teachers is considered a key reform strategy for addressing the problem. As nations invest considerable funds towards improving the quality of science teachers (and consequently student learning) it is reasonable to explore science teacher perceptions regarding the most effective professional learning opportunities. This descriptive study surveyed 118 candidates for National Board certification in Adolescent and Young Adult Science from 42 states about their professional learning experiences. The survey intended to answer the question: 'How do candidates perceive the relative effectiveness of different professional learning experiences?' 'Effectiveness' here is defined as a professional development's ability to help a teacher foster improved student learning. It is important to note that the survey focused on the approaches to professional development rather than the content or goals of said experiences. Candidates' self‐reports reveal that developing science curriculum, reading scientific literature, and pursuing National Board certification are the three most productive approaches to professional development while education courses and in‐service workshops were identified as least effective. The results suggest that no one model of professional development explains the top rated activities.


Dental bleaching systems and its use of toothpaste with bleaching agents lead to search the effect of these systems on the enamel surface. Scientific evidence shows that these systems can provoke an answer in chemical shucture of the dental enamel with loss of calcium . The concentration of calcium was measured in ppm in 27 crowns of human bicuspids. The enamel erosion was measured through the liberation of calcium salts into teeth in two kinds of bleaching toothpastes : Crest whitening and Colgate Maxwhite, and they were compared with the gold standard (carbamide peroxide 20%) . Measurements of calcium concentration were made in 12 h, 24 h and 7 d. Atomic absorption spectophotometry was used to determine the calcium concentration. ANOVA analysis indicates that Crest Whitening toothpaste shows more concentration of calcium salts in enamel surface than Colgate Maxwhite which contains peroxide ,in the same way that carbamide peroxide gel that it is used in professional dental system.


Against the times background of the market economy and knowledge transform, and with the thriving development of higher education, colleges and universities must take a scientific and individual road to run and manage themselves, and only by doing so can they get to the top rank schools. This article, going deep into school administration, combines school-running practice of individual management to put forward the ideas and measures of individual management for colleges and universities.


The invention discloses a removal technology of removing coal-fired flue gas pollutants and a device thereof. The technology is as follows: an SCR denitration method is first used for removing NOX in the flue gas; then a dust collector is used for removing dusts and ash particles in the flue gas; then a wet calcium-based desulphurization method is used for removing SO2 in the flue gas; then an MEA decarburization process is used for absorbing the SO2 in the flue gas; simultaneously, a pregnant solution of a generated alkanolamine solution is heated, analyzed and regenerated and the generated barren solution of the alkanolamine solution is continuously and cyclically used; and the analyzed CO2 gas with high concentration is produced to be liquid carbon dioxide of industrial grade with high purity after being cooled, gas-liquid separated, dried, compressed and condensed. The device consists essentially of an SCR denitration reactor, the dust collector, a wet calcium-based desulphurization reactor, an MEA decarburization absorption tower, a regeneration tower, a gas-liquid separator, a dryer, a compressor, a condenser and the like which are connected with each other by pipes. The device has simple and compact overall design, low investment and operation costs, and stable and reliable work and can conduct classified integration processing and highly efficient simultaneous removal on every pollutant in the coal-fired flue gas.


Objective Based on quality evaluation model of drug system,to determine the content and analyze correlation of effective index components in drug system of Baizhi( Angelica dahurica),for the comprehensive quality of characterization and evaluation of angelica dahurica. Methods Use HPLC-PDA method for simultaneous determination of 5 effective index components in twenty-four numbers of Baizhi( Angelica dahurica),including Chlorogenic acid,Xanthotol,Bergapten,Imperatorin and Isoimperatorin.Results Based on quality characterization model of drug system,to represent quality based on the content and the content relative ratio of effective index components and analyze correlation between the reference which its therapeutic effect has been identified and other samples. The result shows the total content of effective index components in No. 2,No. 3,No. 13,No. 17 and No. 21 are higher than No. 20,and No. 1,No. 5,No. 9,No. 11,No. 22 and No. 24 are closer to No. 20. Compared with No. 20,the correlation degree of quality representation of No. 5,No. 11,No. 1,No. 24,No. 9,No. 3,No. 13,No. 19 is higher.Consolidated quality characterization and correlation analysis,the quality of No. 3,No. 13,No. 2,No. 17,No. 21,No. 1,No. 5,No. 9,No. 11,No. 22 and No. 24 are excellent. Conclusion Using quality evaluation model based on drug system,and with the exact therapeutic effect Angelica dahurica slices as a benchmark,for correlation analysis of quality research of Angelica dahurica which can comprehensively evaluate the quality of Angelica dahurica yinpian,providing the basis for looking for resources of Angelica dahurica.


Background: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of concomitant anatomic variation of paranasal sinuses in patients with antrochoanal polyp (ACP). Materials and Methods: Among patients referred by their clinicians for standard computed tomography scan of paranasal sinuses septal deviation, concha bullosa, and retention cyst were evaluated in both patients with ACP as well as in a control group. Results: Of the 17 patients with ACP, fifteen patients (88.2%) had septal deviation and two patients (11.8%) had concha bullosa. None of the patients with ACP had retention cyst or hypertrophic turbinate. Of the 78 patients in control group, twenty-nine (37.2%) had septal deviation, six (7.7%) had concha bullosa, seven (8.9%) had retention cyst, and one (1.2%) had hypertrophic turbinate. Septal deviation in patients with ACP has higher incidence (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that septal deviation is an anatomic variation which is significantly concomitant with ACP. Larger studies are needed to show the role of other anatomic variations in patients with ACP.


Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are documented endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This study examined the bioaccumulation of PCBs and the utility of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a non-lethal sampling technique for PCB analysis in the northern diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin), a species endemic to US East Coast salt marshes. To determine the viability of the CAM as a surrogate for PCB burdens within this species, maternal transfer of PCBs to CAM and egg samples was studied. Egg and CAM samples were collected from populations in Cape May County, NJ and Jamaica Bay, NY; liver samples were collected only from NJ terrapins. PCB congeners were detected in all sample types, but less-chlorinated congeners preferentially partitioned in the CAM. Liver and egg sample PCB concentrations were strongly correlated (p=0.002, r s=0.883), but PCB concentrations of CAM were not strongly correlated to liver (p=0.035, r s=0.733) and egg samples (p=0.036, r s=0.484). Examination of homologue groups indicated a strong correlation between penta- and hexachlorinated biphenyls for all sample types. This study shows that maternal transfer of PCB contaminants occurs with selective partitioning of congeners into the CAM, and that analysis of the CAM alone may not reflect total PCB body burdens in this species.


In the drawing process, the roundness of corners in the punch and the die are very important factors in determining the thicknesses of the product. The results clearly revealed that the thickness of a flange was increased and the thickness of body parts reduced when the roundness of the die entrance was small. The material thickness of the top part was decreased when the corner roundness of the punch was large. The smooth inflow of materials was found to have a significant effect on the thickness during the post-process. The compressive strength of STS 304 material exhibited a higher value compared with other processing methods. Moreover, we clearly observed the corner roundness of the punch and the die to be a very important factor for STS 304 materials.


The present invention relates to a method for numerically analyzing contaminant transport equation within underground water. According to the present invention, provided is a method for analyzing the contaminant transport equation having total flow boundary conditions using an improved Lagrangian-Eulerian method capable of accurately analyzing numerical values of a contaminant transport problem for various Peclet numbers such as low Peclet numbers and high Peclet numbers at the total flow boundary conditions by applying the Eulerian method when an element is close to the total flow boundary conditions by solving the problem of the existing Lagrangian-Eulerian method for merely analyzing high Peclet numbers, and by solving a matrix by rearranging a new numerical matrix by combining the existing Lagrangian-Eulerian method.


The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to determine the atrazine content in 48 surface and ground waters from the province of Salamanca (Spain), 21 of which were used for human consumption. The atrazine concentrations found ranged from 0.04 to 41.17 μg L‐1. Ninety six percent of the waters were found to contain some atrazine in at least one sampling period. The results provided by the ELISA technique are compared with those obtained by HPLC from one series of water samples.


The aim of this study is to evolve novel seeds for John Conway's Game of Life cellular automaton (CA) with Compositional Pattern Producing Networks (CPPNs), a variation of artificial neural networks known to evolve organic patterns when used to process visual data. CPPNs were evolved using both objective search (implemented with NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies) and novelty search, which focuses on finding novel solutions rather than objectively "fitter" solutions. Objective search quickly evolved game of life solutions that converged to trivial combinations of previously known solutions. However, novelty search produced non-trivial symmetries and complex high period oscillators such as the period 15 pentadecathlon. Regardless, neither approach evolved purely novel or undocumented seeds. Despite this failure, the complex evolved solutions demonstrate that CPPNs can serve as a powerful encoding for cellular automata seeds. As such, these results stand as the first baseline for further exploration into encoding cellular automata using CPPN.


In this thesis we present a suitable way of calibrating and debugging an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The issues that occur when working with an AUV are the inconvenient way of having to co ...


Fifteen years ago a Nepali who became actively involved in the conduct of his country's foreign relations took careful note of the geopolitical realities facing landlocked Nepal, "situated between the two colossuses of Asia, India and China," and observed: "The security, independence and integrity of Nepal hinge on the performance of cordiality between India and China. India's foreign policy of non-alignment with any one of the international power-blocs admirably suits Nepal's own interests of safety and security."1 Nepal has endeavored over the years to translate her nonaligned policy and posture between India and China into a "performance of cordiality," and with generally commendable success. But by the late 1950s she was also beginning to establish relations with a number of other countries and, through diversifying her diplomatic relations, was lessening the image that her foreign policy was virtually a carbon copy of something formulated in New Delhi. One of the most interesting and unique of Nepal's new international relationships to emerge during the past decade has been that developed with the State of Israel. It has endured through the present and merits discussion in the context of Asian relations. Following the first nationwide elections in the history of Nepal, held in early 1959, the "socialist oriented" Nepali Congress under B. P. Koirala began Nepal's painfully brief experiment with parliamentary democracy.2 The immediate international scene posed a difficult series of challenges for Nepal and her object of achieving a balanced foreign policy. Sino-Indian relations were rapidly deteriorating following the Chinese suppression of Tibet and the Dalai Lama's flight to India for political asylum, while Himalayan border disputes between the two great neighbors were becoming disturbingly manifest. On the Nepali domestic scene, Koirala as Prime Minister faced the task of accommodating factional and personal rivalries within his new cabinet and, as events later proved, of averting a takeover of the government by an assertive and mistrustful Crown in a royal coup d'etat. Perhaps in those trying circumstances the invitation from Israel to visit


The biochemical marker phaseolin and isozymes were used in this work to display the variation of common bean germ plasm. Fifteen bean genotypes of diffe- rent origin i. e. selections were studied. From 8 analyzed enzymic systems, enzymes MDH, SKDH, ME and IDH were polymorphic, while there were no differences in zymograms for enzymes PGM, PHI, PGD, and ADH. Analysis of phaseolin revealed two types: S and T. The S type of phaseolin was found in most of analyzed genotypes (9). Phaseolin type T was found in varieties of Novi Sad selection: Zlatko, Sremac and Aster, domestic popula- tion Ÿuto-zeleni Stepanoviaevo and Jovandeka, Croatian variety Slavonski yuto-zeleni. Tho- se varieties were developed from domestic populations from north-west region of Balkan, Slavonia, and Vojvodina.


OBJECTIVE To comprehensively evaluate bioadhesive properties these materials by testing adhesion properties in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Mucin from porcine stomach model,homemade adhesion measuring device and intestinal propulsion were used for in vitro and in vivo evaluation adhesive materials. RESULTS Carbomer 934 P and HPMCK100 Mwith high viscosity had optimal adhesion in their class,besides chitosan can be specifically bound by mucin from porcine stomach and it performed better than other materials in vivo adhesion. CONCLUSION Above researches indicate that the bioadhesive properties had a positive correlation with viscosity in the same type material,and the relative molecular mass the materials,moisture absorption capacity,specific binding mucin and other factors should be considered in different types materials in the comprehensive evaluation.


Shida business district has expanded rapidly in recent years. Different types of stores and customers continuously affect each other and result in its diversity and distinctness. For instance, the night market represents students and tourists whereas the independent shops which have established their foundation here for a long time are well-known for a high sensitivity of fashion and stand for a spirit of non-mainstream's rebellion. There seems to be a conflict, but it brings out a new balance after a series of collisions. Lately, with the effect of rent-seeking and rent gap, the stores and consumers both have contributed to the recasting in space and identity. On the other hand, with the appearance of the organization, South-Village, the bourgeois are more easily recognized and therefore not just become the main force for place-making but make the whole process even more complex. First, this essay applys a second-hand material to see how different elements in different phases superimpose on one another and turn Shida business district into a unique mixture of literature, art and mass consumption. Second, it examines the development with the idea of gentrification and discusses the involvement of new middle class who aim to transform this business district into a place with more cultures, styles and better sense. They try to inject a new cultural life into the place where the retail clothing industry used to play the dominant role because of rent-seeking. Last, the points go back on " people" and focus on "Artsy Youths", a very distinctive group among the customers in this business district. With the first-hand material, the essay deals with this group's and public's doubts, hesitation and paradoxical identity between mainstream and non-stream, including the spacial and identity recasting produced in such a highly commercialized business district.


Summary: This article gives a short overview of thehistory of astronomical observations in Iceland from thesettlementofthecountryinthelateninthcenturytothebeg-inning of the Icelandic Enlightenment around 1750. It beg-ins with a description of various astronomical instrumentsused before the invention of the telescope, with particularemphasis on the quadrant which was the main instrumentused in Iceland until the beginning of the eighteenth cent-ury.Thefirsttelescopewasusedforastronomicalobservati-ons in Denmark in 1643 but Icelandic students had lear-ned about it even earlier in their studies at the Universityof Copenhagen. In Iceland the telescope was first usedfor astronomical purposes in 1721 by Magnus Arason, amilitary engineer who was surveying the country for theDanish government. Arason was a former student of thefamous astronomer and physicist Ole Romer and may withgood reasons be considered to be the first Icelandic scient-ist. Umhofundinn: Einar H. Guðmundsson er professor istjarneðlisfraeði við Haskola Islands.Raunvisindastofnun HaskolansDunhaga 3, IS–107 firstname.lastname@example.com


https://doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2017.53.3.234 C Chonnam Medical Journal, 2017 Chonnam Med J 2017;53:234-235 Corresponding Author: Luca Roncati Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and of Public Health, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico Hospital, Viale del Pozzo 71, I-41124 Modena (MO), Italy Tel: +390594224812, Fax: +390594224998, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Article History: Received May 28, 2017 Revised June 13, 2017 Accepted June 19, 2017 The 'All-or-None Law' Applied to the Vertical Growth Phase of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Luca Roncati*, Benedetto Vergari, and Antonio Del Gaudio Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and of Public Health, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Department of Legal Medicine, Postgraduate School in Forensics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Department of Surgical Disciplines, American College of Surgeons, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy


Described herein are methods including determining a structural effectiveness index (SEI) for a target area of a brain which accounts for the effectiveness of a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) pulse based on at least one neurological feature of the brain. An SEI may include an anisotropy index (AI). An AI may account for the effectiveness of a TMS pulse based at least on the local anisotropy of the target area. An SEI may include a connectivity index (CI). A CI may account for the effectiveness of a TMS pulse at a different location of the brain than a stimulated target area. Moreover, the CI can be based at least partially on white matter tract connections. The SEI of at least one area of a brain may be used in order to plan a minimum effective dose at that location based on the actual neurological structure there, e.g. the anisotropy or white matter tracts at that area.


PURPOSE: To provide new deoxynojirimycin derivatives which are effective as antiviral agent. CONSTITUTION: This compound is represented by formula I [R 1 is H, up to 10C alkyl, alkenyl, alkadienyl; R 2 -R 5 are each H, acetyl, benzoyl or the like, or R 2 and R 3 , R 3 and R 4 , or R 4 and R 5 form -(CH 2 )n-, R 9 RR 10 C<, O(SiR 11 R 12 ) 2 -(R 9 -12 12 are up to 8C alkyl, phenyl or the like) or the like], or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, e.g. N-butenyl-4,6-isopropylidene-deoxynojirimycin. The compound is formed by reacting a compound of formula II with the formula YCO Hal, formula O(CO-R 8 ) or formula R 13 -N=C=O (Y is either one of R 2 -R 5 excluding H; R 13 is up to 8C alkyl, acyl or the like) in an inert solvent, to be directly acylated or carbamoylated. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


We present our work on the reliability of the new ceramic housing of our 13.5 kV multichip thyristor. First ceramic versions manifested terrible failure after only a few shots under a bias voltage of 10 kV and a peak current of 110 kA in the best case. This problem has been solved and the newer ceramic-housing version is now fully commercialized under the model number 5SPB36Z1350. This product version completes successfully a stress test of 200 shots under previous conditions without failing. Moreover, no aging behavior has been detected.


We study the information-theoretic limits of exactly recovering the support of a sparse signal using noisy projections defined by various classes of measurement matrices. Our analysis is high-dimensional in nature, in which the number of observations n, the ambient signal dimension p, and the signal sparsity k are all allowed to tend to infinity in a general manner. This paper makes two novel contributions. First, we provide sharper necessary conditions for exact support recovery using general (non-Gaussian) dense measurement matrices. Combined with previously known sufficient conditions, this result yields a sharp characterization of when the optimal decoder can recover a signal with linear sparsity (k = Theta(p)) using a linear scaling of observations (n = Theta(p)) in the presence of noise. Our second contribution is to prove necessary conditions on the number of observations n required for asymptotically reliable recovery using a class of gamma-sparsified measurement matrices, where the measurement sparsity gamma(n, p, k) isin (0,1] corresponds to the fraction of non-zero entries per row. Our analysis allows general scaling of the quadruplet (n, p, k, gamma), and reveals three different regimes, corresponding to whether measurement sparsity has no effect, a minor effect, or a dramatic effect on the information theoretic limits of the subset recovery problem.


Wallenberg (1896,1900,1905) described a crossed dorsal tract arising from the ramus descendens and an uncrossed one from the main sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. Such a dorsal tract was found in the horse, the calf, the ass, the ox, the dog, the monkey, the gibbon and man by Hatschek (1902). An uncrossed ,dorsal tract from the main nucleus was also accepted by u. Economo (1911), but was not mentioned by WinkZer (1920), uncrossed as well as crossed fibres from the main nucleus were advocated by Woodburne (19361, by Papez and Rundles (1937), by Walker ( 1939), but Srngth ( 1939) and Hassler (1948) denied the existence of the dorsal trigeminal tract. Its character was discussed by Wallenberg and its unusual site was attributed to its origin'from the most proximal level of the body. It was considered to mediate taste by u. Economo, tactile discrimination by Ariens Kappers et al. (1936), certain sensibilities from the head related to some highly autonomic function by Papez and Rundles (19511, and ipsilateral sensory facial representation by Walker. In the present paper the origin, the course and the fibre structure of the dorsal trigeminal tract will be studied in a few specimens of mammals and its character will be discussed.


Introduces a HA algorithm(harmonic analysis)for solving an AC nonlinear resistance circuit by means of some typical nonlinear resistance elements .Simultaneously,algorithm of general transient solution for an AC nonlinear resistance linear capacitance series circit is given by a power series.Real time measurability of characteristic [WT5",6BZ]parameters of nonlinear resistance elements is discussed along with all the others.


We have performed ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to study coupling effects of temperature (534-873 K) and pressure (1-20 GPa) on the initiation mechanisms and subsequent chemical decompositions of nitramine explosive 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX). A new initiation decomposition mechanism of HMX was found to be the unimolecular C-H bond breaking, and this mechanism was independent of the coupling effects of different temperatures and pressures. The formed hydrogen radicals could promote subsequent decompositions of HMX. Subsequent decompositions were very sensitive to the pressure at low temperatures (534 and 608 K), while the temperature became the foremost factor that affected the decomposition at a high temperature (873 K) instead of the pressure. Our study may provide a new insight into understanding the coupling effects of the temperature and pressure on the initiation decomposition mechanisms of nitramine explosives.


Despite the enormous success of the "pretraining and fine-tuning" paradigm, widespread across machine learning, it has yet to pervade remote sensing (RS). To help rectify this, we pretrain a vision transformer (ViT) on 1.3 million satellite-derived RS images. We pretrain SatViT using a state-of-the-art (SOTA) self-supervised learning (SSL) algorithm called masked autoencoding (MAE), which learns general representations by reconstructing held-out image patches. Crucially, this approach does not require annotated data, allowing us to pretrain on unlabeled images acquired from Sentinel-1 and 2. After fine-tuning, SatViT outperforms SOTA ImageNet and RS-specific pretrained models on both of our downstream tasks. We further improve the overall accuracy (OA) (by 3.2% and 0.21%) by continuing to pretrain SatViT—still using MAE—on the unlabelled target datasets. Most importantly, we release our code, pretrained model weights, and tutorials aimed at helping researchers fine-tune our models (https://github.com/antofuller/SatViT).


Plastic has entered nearly in all our manufacturing commodities, i.e. household, medical, automotive, and aerospace. It is offsetting metal, glass and cellulosic containers and is becoming the material choice for most disposable items. On the average 12% of our MSW are plastics (LDPE, Polypropylene, PET, Polystyrene). As its characterized with a high value waste stream and slowly degradable, efforts in reprocessing and reducing its negative environmental impact are increasing. As polymerization of methane, it draws a paramount amount of fossil fuel and when it burns its reactin enthalpy is equivalent to diesel combustion (43 MJ/kg). In attempt to recycle LDPE that mildly cross-linked for cable manufacturing, this work explores the changes of material properties following remolding, re-extruding/calendaring and injection. This waste can mount over 120 tons annually from one cable industry of single production line. Thermal analysis of the plastic using the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to infer the melting and molding conditions is carried first. Second, tensile and dynamic samples preparation is conducted following shredding, sieving, and infusion/mixing in mini extruder and the HAAKE MiniJet II injected mold. Third, uniaxial static and dynamic tests are carried utilizing Instron tensile and the dynamic DMA 8000 machine. It was observed as the amount of waste infusion is increased the sample ductility and strength is mildly reduced. Dynamic tests showed that the molded XLPE has a higher viscosity than LDPE at phase shift of 10.75°for XLPE compared to 9.88° for LDPE. Finally, in the view of these results a visco-elastic material model is inferred for the reproduction of experimental results in static and dynamic loading conditions.


Abstract Using his own experience of grief in nature as a starting point, the researcher conducted an intuitive inquiry (Anderson, 2004) into experiences of grief, weeping, and other deep emotions in response to the natural world. Written stories of 40 people, told in the style of embodied writing (Anderson, 2001), were gathered and studied. The primary interpretation framed by the researcher was that experiences of grief, weeping, and other deep emotions in response to nature represent moments in a process of psycho‐spiritual transformation capable of healing the splits between mind and body, and between humanity and nature, that are prevalent in contemporary industrial and post‐industrial societies. Additional interpretations, focusing on the role of the body and embodiment, grief and weeping, and nature and spirituality, are offered. Interpretations are fleshed out with excerpts from participants' stories.


In one aspect, the invention relates to a bolometric detector for thermal detection of light radiation in a given spectral band, comprising a supporting substrate and a plurality of microbolometer (300) of given dimensions, arranged as a matrix . Each said microbolometer comprises a membrane (301) suspended above said support substrate, said membrane being comprised of an absorber element (305) of the incident radiation and a thermometric element (304) in thermal contact with the absorber, electrically isolated from said absorber element. The absorber member comprises at least a first metal structure - dielectric - metal (MIM) comprising a stack of three superposed layers of submicron thickness, a first metal layer (311), a layer of dielectric material (310) and a second metal layer (309), said MIM structure being capable of generating with said radiation incident plasmon resonance to at least one wavelength of said spectral band. The surface of the microbolometer covered by said membrane (301) is less than half of the total area of the microbolometer.


The monogonont rotifer Lecane inermis is commonly known as a facultative parthenogen. Unexpectedly, among numerous lineages we isolated from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), only one was capable of sexual reproduction. We investigated why sex was so rare among L. inermis in WWTP. The reproductive modes of lineages derived from the sexual lineage were examined. Among all lineages, the fraction of those reproducing only asexually for 14 d was 0.39. In the subsequent round, the fraction of asexual lineages reached 0.61. The population growth rate of the parthenogenetic lineages was significantly higher than that of the sexual lineages. We simulated the fate of rotifer populations in WWTP by removing 10% of the experimental cultures each day. After 10 d of these conditions, the mean number of females was greater in parthenogenetic than in sexual lineages. After 20 d, only solitary dormant eggs remained in the sexual lineages. It therefore appears that the loss of sex may be attributed to the specific conditions of the WWTP. When there is no risk of desiccation and no need for dormancy, the fast-growing parthenogens outcompete lineages investing in costly sex. Furthermore, even if some resting eggs were deposited, they would be washed out from the system with the excess sludge.


The objective of the present work was to develop and evaluate whitemouth croaker's (Micropogonias furnieri) protein hydrolysates by using the proximate composition, the degree of hydrolysis, antioxidant activity, molar mass distribution profile and amino acid composition. Fillets of whitemouth croaker were hydrolysed with the enzyme alcalase 2.4 L (2/100, m/m, enzyme/protein) by varying only the time, thus hydrolysates after 2, 4 and 8 h of hydrolysis were obtained. The hydrolysates were subjected to freeze-drying. The protein content of the hydrolysates ranged from 78.28 to 82.30% (dry basis), where the hydrolysate from the longest hydrolysis time showed the highest degree of hydrolysis (32.1%) and oxidation inhibition force by the ABTS and DPPH methods (98.35% and 54.11%, respectively). Because of the higher inhibitory activities of the hydrolysates, they could be a promising alternative as bioactive additives suitable for application in foods to improve their stability and extend their shelf life..


Background and purpose: Today, increased rate of demand for insulin is predictable due to increasing cases of diabetics in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to develop economic approaches and increasing the production of insulin for the future and medicinal plants could be regarded as a promising prospect for insulin production. Materials and methods: The Allium ursinum and Silybum marianum were collected. Each herbarium was identified in School of Pharmacy affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and the extract was used by percolation with 70% ethanol extraction, after the solvent was evaporated by using the rotary. After the successful isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), Wharton's jelly was derived and approved. Then, the mesenchymal stem cells were differentiated to pancreatic beta cells with two herbal extracts. Results: Compared with the control group, there was a significant difference between the levels of insulin in the culture medium obtained from the two plants (P= 0.0001). In addition, via specific dithizone staining, the insulin producing cells (IPCs) were proven. Conclusion: The extracts of Allium ursinum and Silybum marianum were found capable in inducing differentiation of the mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton's jelly into IPCs. Allium ursinum was seen with the highest rate of insulin production, while Silybum marianum had the lowest rate of insulin production, therefore, Allium ursinum could be more effective in treatment of diabetes.


The human resources exploitation in migration and mobility make the combination of human and material resources effective. Human resources value evaluation is an important part of exploitation, which provides gist for the decision of migration and mobility.


The apparent viscosities of systems of NdBR and NiBR-toluene were determined by using DV-Ⅱ+Pro viscometer under different conditions in which concentration was 8%~12wt%,and temperature was 30~70 ℃.Results indicated that(1) flow activation energy(ΔEη)of systems of NdBR is less than NiBR under the same shear rate(γ),and ΔEη of systems of NdBR and NiBR tends to constant values under γ is more than 30 s-1.They are 5.5 and 6.8 kJ/mol,respectively;(2)temperature and concentration have no effect on the flow index(n)of NdBR system.The value of n is about 0.77,which is belong to a typical pseudo-plastic fluid;(3)the value of concentration effecting index β is between 4.497 and 4.882 as the concentration is 8%~10%,and the value is between 7.239 and 7.498 as the concentration is more than 10%.So the critical concentration turning from solution to melt is 10%.For NiBR system the β is 5.645 at 8%~12wt%,belonging to melt.


Abstract Arrays of nearly impurity-free screw dislocations were produced in silicon with a new twist boundary fabrication technique. The electrical activity of these boundaries, studied with electron-beam induced current (EBIC), was found to increase linearly with the twist angle up to 1.6°, the largest angle studied. The EBIC contrast is relatively low and nearly the same in gettered and non-gettered wafers. If the boundary contrast is treated as the linear sum of the dislocation contribution, the EBIC contrast of a single screw dislocation appears to be very low, 0.005-0.008%. Kittler and Seifert's model (1981), then predicts 0.3-0.5 recombination sites over a dislocation length equal to the Burgers vector.


Aims. We re-examine the effects of Compton scattering on the emergent spectra of hot DA white dwarfs in the soft X-ray range. Earlier studies have implied that sensitive X-ray observations at wavelengths λ< 50 A might be capable of probing the flux deficits predicted by the redistribution of electron-scattered X-ray photons toward longer wavelengths. Methods. We adopt two independent numerical approaches to the inclusion of Compton scattering in the computation of pure hydrogen atmospheres in hydrostatic equilibrium. One employs the Kompaneets diffusion approximation formalism, while the other uses the cross-sections and redistribution functions of Guilbert. Models and emergent spectra are computed for stellar parameters representative of HZ 43 and Sirius B, and for models with an effective temperature Teff = 100 000 K. Results. The differences between emergent spectra computed for Compton and Thomson scattering cases are completely negligible in the case of both HZ 43 and Sirius B models, and are also negligible for all practical purposes for models with temperatures as high as Teff = 100 000 K. Models of the soft X-ray flux from these stars are instead dominated by uncertainties in their fundamental parameters.


This paper identifies and reviews those aspects of new materials and device technological advances that have pushed HBT circuits towards a 100 GHz operating frequency. The operating principles of the HBT are initially discussed in relation to their differences from homojunction bipolar transistors. The advantages and disadvantages of the various materials systems available to HBTs, how the particular material properties relate to the device performance and a brief outline of growth technologies are then presented. Those device parameters contributing to the frequency performance figures-of-merit are identified and the resulting design approaches discussed. Current device fabrication technology is then reviewed, with the latest results and the most important design aspects for high-frequency operation identified. This is then followed by examples of achievements in both digital and analogue circuit applications. Finally, an attempt is made to identify those device and materials aspects that are likely to contribute to a further improvement in the frequency performance of HBTs.


Implementing manufacturing systems based on the Japanese Just-In-Time (JIT) system in Northern American environments represents impacts far beyond the manufacturing function. This paper presents ke...


The development of what one might call 'modern' systems of information and communication began with the Gutenberg printing press in the fifteenth century, and progressed through the pre-paid postal system, electric telegraph and telephone in the nineteenth century, radio and television broadcasting in the twentieth century, and most recently the internet. This essay focuses on the response of governments to these innovations, beginning with the printing press.


Abstract A new dipeptide Schiff base obtained by the condensation of DL-alanyl-DL-alanine with O-vanillin was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes were obtained with the dipeptide Schiff base. The COO stretching bands in the IR spectra suggest that carboxylate acts as a monodentate group when binding with metal. The ligand is coordinated to the central metal as tetradentate ligand. The bonding sites are the carboxylate oxygen, imino nitrogen, amide nitrogen and phenolic oxygen.


This paper puts forward two modes of supplier relationship and points out manufacturers should build coordination partnership with supplier for their long term benefit.It discusses the main factors to consider when to select supplier,and suggests the manufacturer should evaluate suppliers to check its ability carefully.It gives the procedure and contents of evaluation.


continued salience of ethnicity while analyzing the adaptation of 1.5/secondgeneration Korean Americans to the internal fragmentation. Both chapters 10 and 11, the last two of the book, cover Chinese in Canada. In the former, Peter S. Li chronicles the changes and continuity in the experiences of the Chinese as a racial minority. In the latter, Li Zong discusses the recent immigrants from mainland China, mostly well-educated and skilled professionals, and the difficulties they have encountered in occupational attainment. The insights and solid evidence the authors offer in this volume will help us better understand the political and socioeconomic diversity within individual Asian American communities, and their work also demonstrates the continued significance of ethnic solidarity, which sheds light on the diversity or fragmentation of Asian America as a whole. This book is a must read for students and scholars of Asian American communities. Meanwhile, the fruitfulness of the comprehensive coverage of the book made me hope that its coverage would be even more extensive. While knowing that it is unfair and unrealistic to expect an anthology like this to include all the Asian groups and that the editor has to work under numerous constraints, including the state of the field, I wonder if it would further strengthen the book to add a couple of cases. For example, Japanese America, whose postwar development bears significant differences from the groups seen in this book, may be a good point of comparison for understanding the transformation of Asian American communities in recent decades. Yong Chen University California, irvine


This paper analyzes detailedly the classification and causes of the concrete cracks,and put forward some preventive measures and repair methods.This can provide references for engineering practices.


The article contains common bio-bibliographic data about Majdud Sanai - the founder of the Persian Sufi didactic epos. It explains the mater of the poet's birth and death dates, as well as the names, editions and commentaries to his masterpiece "The Garden of Mystery…". A commented translation of "The Tanzih Chapter" is in appendix to the article. Hereby a part of the paper deals with the Divine incomparability concept in historical-religious context. The Sanai's heritage introduces an early phase of the Persian Sufi thought, though tasawwuf during his lifetime was quite formed as a doctrine. The peculiarities of the Sanai's teaching can be seen in comparison with the works by his predecessors (al-Hujviri) and later authors (Ibn al-Arabi and Mahmud Shabistari). While Ibn al-Arabi and Mahmud Shabistari try to combine methods of divine incomparability (tanzih) and comparing the God to His creatures (tashbih), Sanai, as well as an earlier Sufi shaikh, al-Hujviri, claims tashbih to be a false method of the God's oneness (tawhid) interpretation and appeals just to tanzih as the only right method. Besides that, the comparison of the mentioned authors' views shows, what a major step forward has made Ibn al-Arabi in his interpretation of the matters, related to the doctrine of the God's oneness. While Sanai interprets theophany (tajalli) in the context of Divine incomparability so that it takes place just on the surface of a human heart, Ibn al-Arabi believes that every single thing is the place for theophany of the Divine names and attributes.


Report presenting an investigation in the transonic tunnel to determine the dynamic and static stability characteristics of the Mark-6, Mark-4, TX-13, and Mark-5 special weapons and the effects of modifications of them for a range of Mach numbers.


A kind of intelligent water plate mat, for propping up water tumbler, comprise control circuit and housing, described control circuit is placed in housing, wherein: described control circuit comprises a memory module, stores different accounts and the record that drinks water; Described housing is arranged a button, when different users uses this intelligent water plate mat, press this button and be switched to oneself account corresponding; Described housing also arranges a screen, display account information and cup water gross weight.The beneficial effects of the utility model are: store the account of different users and the record that drinks water in this intelligent water plate mat, can be used, as long as put up by the water tumbler of different users, saved resource to a certain extent by multiple user.


Cohesion and relevant key concepts are reviewed in light of Systemic Functional Grammar. Then specific problems that may occur to the aphasic discourse are discussed, and operable ways of addressing the problems are set out.


We show across two studies in a branding context that different types of schematic support alleviate episodic memory deficits in elderly consumers differently. While meaningfulness of brand elements attenuates item (vs. associative) memory deficits in older (vs. younger) consumers, relatedness between brand elements mitigates differences in associative (vs. item) memory.


Abstract : Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men in the United States. The development of potent prevention strategies to diminish or eliminate this threat is in order and remains the long-term goal of this project. One possible etiologic factor in the development of PCa, is exposure to chronic oxidative stress, leading to the accumulation of potentially promutagenic oxidized DNA bases such as 8- hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The detoxifying enzyme GSTPl is inactivated in nearly 100% of PCa and in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions. In the past year, we have developed an accurate HPLC-MS-MS method for measuring intracellular reduced and oxidized glutathione. Once developed, we exposed the human PCa cell line, LNCaP (no GSTP1 protein expression) and subclones of LNCaP engineered to overexpress GSTP1, in vitro, to chronic oxidative stress inflicted by protracted, low dose irradiation (LDR) to determine if re-expression of GSTP1%1? results in "bankruptcy" of intracellular glutathione and subsequently increases cell death. As anticipated, re-expression of GSTP1 results in an increase in oxidized glutathione following LDR but does not significantly diminish intracellular reduced glutathione levels. These data solidity our preliminary results and implicate GSTPl as a major regulator of oxidative DNA damage. In the past year, we have also verified measurement of oxidized guanine by the HPLC-MS-MS methods we developed, a more quantitative and accurate technique than older and routine HPLC-ECD methods. This new technique has allowed us to precisely measure 8-OHdG in DNA extracted from LNCaP xenografts before and after exposure to oxidative injury by LDR. These data reveal that, like our in vitro data with LNCaP subclones expressing GSTPl, LNCaP xenografts expressing GSTP1 do not accumulate significant levels of 8-OHdG following exposure of animals bearing these tumors to LDR.


Considering the dependence of the azimuth resolution on the reconstruction angle and the azimuth resolution deterioration caused by aperture loss using the traditional sub-aperture procession in the case of a large reconstruction angle the for helicopter-borne rotating synthetic aperture radar(ROSAR),a novel echo model is established using a higher order range model for ROSAR,and the two-dimensional point target spectrum is derived by the series reversion.Based on that,a novel high resolution imaging algorithm is proposed for helicopter-borne ROASR,besides the parameters selection and analysis of performances is presented.Finally,the accuracy and validity of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation results.


We experimentally study the surface roughness and the lateral friction force in single-layer MoS2 crystals deposited on different substrates: SiO2, mica and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Roughness and sliding friction measurements are performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). We find a strong dependence of the MoS2 roughness on the underlying substrate material, being h-BN the substrate which better preserves the flatness of the MoS2 crystal. The lateral friction also lowers as the roughness decreases, and attains its lowest value for MoS2 flakes on h-BN substrates. However, it is still higher than for the surface of a bulk MoS2 crystal, which we attribute to the deformation of the flake due to competing tip-to-flake and flake-to-substrate interactions.


Boosting the immune system's response through better nutrition has been suggested as a coping strategy to help fight COVID-19. Among other food products, orange juice, a rich source of Vitamin C, has been in huge demand in India since the outbreak of COVID-19. Panic buying has further added to this increased demand for orange juice. Using data collected through online surveys, this paper applies both conjoint and market simulation analysis to study consumers' preferences when purchasing orange juice. Nine important product attributes (flavour, preservatives, sweetener, brand, taste, pulp concentration, container, production method of orange and price) as well as different levels for each attribute are considered for the analysis. Among the selected attributes, relatively respondents gave more importance to the 'method of production' of orange, followed by 'brand', 'pulp concentration', 'sweeteners', and 'preservatives.' The market simulation analysis showed that a new product with the desired levels (high mean utility values) across the selected attributes would stand to enjoy a market share of around 32 percent. These findings support product differentiation as a strategy by firms in the food processing sector under conditions of intense competition.


Freedom is a sign, and the trickster is chance and freedom in a comic sign; comic freedom is a "doing," not an essence, not a museum being, not an aesthetic presence. The trickster as a semiotic sign is imagined in narrative voices, a communal rein to the unconscious, which is comic liberation. (13) The spirit of trickster inhabits The Beet Queen, surfacing in the tension of lives freed by chance. The five narrators in the novel compose a human comedy as they deal with liberation and subsequent necessity to adapt: Mary Adare and her brother Karl join with Celestine James, Wallace Pfef, and Sita Kozka to send a communal voice1 as they face the absurd or comic existence dealt to them. Mary, Karl, Wallace, Sita, and Celestine are set free into the realm of chance; their methods of adapting differ but each tries to accommodate to community. In his study of the meaning of comedy, Wylie Sypher says that whenever human beings take a close look at existence, they must take note of its absurdity, its irrationality, its inexplicability, the essence of which is comedy (195). The tellers in The Beet Queen meet absurdity and try to manage survival in the face of it; to the extent that they succeed, theirs is a comic response, both communal and adaptive. In comedy any success is temporary, "accomplished with the most modest of weapons: wit, luck, persuasion, and a bit of fanciful


NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity is influenced by triggering as Well as inhibitory signals. The identification of inhibitory signals provided by MHC class I molecules has recently attracted significant attention. Much less is known about putative triggering signals. Using purified populations of murine NK cells and a human NK cell line (YTC2), it was proposed that the CD80 gene product functions to trigger proliferation and cytotoxicity of NK cells. However, a recent study reported that transduction of CD80 gene into squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck targets did not result in enhanced proliferation or cytotoxicity of human adult NK cells. To elucidate these observations, we examined the possible co-stimulatory role of CD80 and CD86 molecules or both on fresh human NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. By transfecting cDNA of CD80 or CD86 into K562 cells, we established four different K562


Over the last couple of years a paradigm shift in CPU development has been happening: away from increasing the clock rate towards increasing the numbers of cores per CPU. In order to leverage the resulting new architectures, nowadays business applications have to be rewritten or at least adapted. This paper describes the most characteristic operations in the context of demand planning which is a crucial part of supply chain management. Furthermore, it presents different strategies how those operations can be distributed onto several cores. The different strategies were prototypically implemented and measured on different systems (including Intel Core and Nehalem Microarchitecture) in order to determine their efficiency. The paper concludes with a comparison of the different strategies, identifies the most efficient one, and describes the potential performance gain in demand planning by leveraging multi-core CPUs.


patients. Once participants were at or near remission from psychotic and depressive symptoms, they entered an eight-week stabilization phase. Those who still were at or near remission after this phase and had a Mini-Mental State Examination score of at least 24 were eligible for the 36-week randomized trial. Participants in the randomized phase received sertraline plus olanzapine or sertraline plus placebo. The primary outcome was risk of relapse, with criteria defined broadly to include the presence of a factor such as meeting DSM-IV criteria for a major depressive episode or having psychosis as rated by the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM. Secondary outcomes included weight and waist circumference and metabolic measures such as cholesterol and glucose levels. Adverse weight gain was defined as measured weight more than 7% higher than the most recent known weight prior to the onset of the current depressive episode. The researchers also assessed for extrapyramidal symptoms, including parkinsonism, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia.


Alcohol was given orally to 41 healthy young male volunteers from small Hindu (Reddis) farming villages in south and central Andhra Pradesh, India. A complete description of the Reddis study, plus transcultural group differences, is given, and the alcohol metabolism and sensitivity literature is critically reviewed.


In systems involving multiple autonomous agents, it is often necessary to decide how scarce resources should be allocated. When agents have competing interests, they may have incentive to deviate from protocols or to lie to other agents about their preferences. Due to the strategic nature of such interactions, there has been a recent surge of interest in addressing problems in competitive multiagent systems by bringing together techniques from computer science and game-theoretic economics. In some cases, the interesting issue is the application of ideas from computer science to make existing economic mechanisms practical. In other cases, selfish agents' conflicting demands of a computer system can best be understood and/or managed through game-theoretic analysis. This thesis addresses problems that fall into both cases.
The first part of this work considers game-theoretic issues in multiagent resource allocation: (1) using incentives to diffuse temporally-focused usage of a resource on a computer network at the lowest possible cost; (2) identifying a protocol to allow agents to cooperate in (single-good) first-price auctions, and showing that in equilibrium such collusion benefits both colluding and non-colluding agents at the auctioneer's expense; (3) compactly representing strategic multiagent situations as local-effect games, a novel class of multi-player general-sum games for which pure-strategy Nash equilibria can often be proven to exist and be computed efficiently.
The second part considers computational issues in multiagent resource allocation, concentrating on the winner determination problem (WDP) in combinatorial auctions: (1) solving several variants of the WDP using heuristic branch-and-bound search algorithms; (2) building a benchmark suite for WDP algorithms by modeling real-world valuations described in the economics literature; (3) modeling the (empirical) computational hardness of the WDP, analyzing these models, and applying them to construct algorithm portfolios and to generate harder problem instances.


Dissertation Jan Christoph Gaukler VII Abstract Epoxy reactive systems are used as a structural adh esive in civil engineering, automotive engineering, shipbuilding and aircraft construction as well as for encapsulating electrical components. They are utilised as coatings and lacqu ers against corrosion and as a matrix material for polymer composites. Their chemical base consists of an epoxy resin and a hardener like dicyandiamide as one of the most applied hardeners. But, these epoxy-dicyan diamide reactive systems cure efficiently (low curing temperature, short curing time) only wi th an accelerator. This accelerator, however, activates processes at room temperature that lead o an increase of viscosity and hence to the loss of process ability. That reduces the shelf lif considerably. For prolongating the shelf life, special zeolites shall encapsulate an acceler ator in their pores. According to thermal gravimetric analysis, the zeolites release this acc elerator when the temperature increases. In this thesis, it is proven that the zeolites load ed with an accelerator give an epoxy-dicyandiamide reactive system a shelf life of more than 220 days at room temperature. Moreover, this zeolite-modified epoxy cures efficiently at 170 °C (curing time: less than 30 min). Considering the interaction of epoxy resin, dicyandiamide, accelerator and the zeolite surface, the processes that lead to an increase of viscosity, th e s ructure formation during the curing at 170 °C and the caloric and dielectric properties ar e explained. Scientific Methods High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Reverse d Phase, Mass Spectrometry, Gel Permeation Chromatography, FTIR spectroscopy, Diffe rential Scanning Calorimetry, Dielectric spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy , Polarisation Microscopy Scanning Electron Microscopy


Agriculture OCIO's Client Experience Center (CEC) performs network services for several USDA FOIA components to include electronic messaging operations, electronic calendars, blackberry, mobile device management (MDM), file and print, remote access, voice, network, service desk, and other application services. Upon request from a USDA FOIA component serviced, CEC will initiate a search for responsive electronic records in accordance with the assigned search criteria provided. For review of records returned from CEC, the OCIO-DFO has purchased an add-on tool to the Department's enterprise wide tracking system that enables FOIA components to search, sort, and identify select responsive content in large volumes. Unfortunately, however due to budget constraints, only a few licenses were purchased. Additionally, some USDA components have opted to purchase software like Adobe AutoPortfolio to assist with the review of records returned from CEC.


This paper introduces a process of the electrical engineering practice base based on distribution network on campus. Practice proceeds from campus map as navigation. Through field visiting,students can find out the thread of the power distribution system and the structure,function and role of electrical equipment. By reconstruction simulation power distribution system with retired equipment,students can contact equipment with zero distance,and impression of practice can be deepened,so the practice effect is improved.


The details of a spark-induced 'spot' in an axisymmetric mixing layer of a 12·7 cm diameter (D) free air jet have been educed in different azimuthal planes and at three streamwise stations corresponding to x/D = 1·5, 3·0, 4·5. The measurement technique and the spot properties in the plane of the spark at the three stations were discussed in parts 1 and 2 (Sokolov et al. 1980 and Hussain, Kleis & Sokolov 1980, hereinafter referred to as I and II, respectively). The present part describes the azimuthal structure of the spot and its initiation mechanism. It is shown that the distributions of phase-average longitudinal and lateral velocities, the intermittency and the coherent Reynolds stress within the spot are essentially the same in various azimuthal planes at each streamwise location. The spark induces a local boundary-layer spot on the nozzle wall and simultaneously triggers the instability of the free shear layer downstream from the lip. The boundarylayer spot persists initially in the free shear layer but decays downstream due to the lack of a sustaining mechanism. The mixing-layer spot – the result of a roll-up of a natural instability mode triggered in the free shear layer by the acoustic disturbance radiated from the spark – grows downstream and undergoes intense interactions, remaining essentially axisymmetric and travelling at about 60% of the core fluid velocity. Velocity signals in different azimuthal planes of the free shear layer show that the natural instability of the jet occurs axisymmetrically on an instantaneous basis even though the jet diameter is considerably larger than the instability wavelength. The natural instability is amplitude-modulated in a random manner; this modulation is also essentially axisymmetric. The large-scale coherent structures produced by the intense localized spark are not only axisymmetric on the phase-average basis, but are also individually axisymmetric in the laminar instability region.


This Thesis iIs Submitted to the Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development (EiABC) and to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master Of Science in Urban Planning


Kala-Azar is a devastating parasitic disease caused by Leishmania donovani, increasing in our country and turning into serious public health problem in Bangladesh due to multiple problems. The standard drug for treatment of Kala- Azar is still Sodium Stibogluconate (SAG) in our country due to high cost of liposomal Amphotericin B. The aim of this study is to see the cardiac complication and electrographic alterations during SAG therapy in standard dose. One hundred and twenty five patients (62.4% male and 37.6% female) were included in this study. All had normal ECG prior to therapy. Various electrographic alterations were noted in 31 (24.8%) of the cases after starting antimony therapy. Most common changes seen in our study were T wave inversion (24.4%), reduced amplitude of T wave (7.3%) and ventricular ectopic (8%). These changes were observed during 2nd to 3rd weeks of therapy and disappeared within two weeks of stoppage of further antimony therapy. Alteration in ECG might be the prior evidence of cardiotoxicity and might explain sudden deaths encountered during antimony in Kala-Azar. Close clinical observations and ECG monitoring of the patients receiving antimony therapy for Kala-Azar is essential for early detection of cardiotoxicity and thereby to prevent further complications including sudden death
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2018;13(2): 70-73


The article considers the problems arising in the implementation of energy-saving technologies in the housing and communal services sector of Kazakhstan, including the example of specific situations. Despite the global trend of energy saving and increasing the energy efficiency of production and service provision, there is almost no introduction of energy-saving technologies by utility companies in Kazakhstan. After reviewing the experience of the previous 10 years and the unsuccessful attempts of Western manufacturers to enter this market, we identified the reasons for this situation, namely, the need to identify the exact institutional need for implementation with reference to the Kazakhstan regulatory framework, the need to consider the financial effect of the projects, not according to the prices of the producing countries (which are usually Western countries, where utility bills are much higher) but the Kazakhstan energy prices and/or tariffs for the necessary resources, as well as the necessity to calculate the economic and/or social effectiveness of the project. The authors present the results of the analysis of public utilities of Kazakhstan as DMUs (decision-making units). Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was chosen as the method of analysis, which allows for a nonparametric evaluation of economic agents by several input and output parameters. The authors also propose aspects of technical policy aimed at the development of energy conservation in Kazakhstan.


Data silos, mainly caused by privacy and interoperability, significantly constrain collaborations among different organizations with similar data for the same purpose. Distributed learning based on divide-and-conquer provides a promising way to settle the data silos, but it suffers from several challenges, including autonomy, privacy guarantees, and the necessity of collaborations. This paper focuses on developing an adaptive distributed kernel ridge regression (AdaDKRR) by taking autonomy in parameter selection, privacy in communicating non-sensitive information, and the necessity of collaborations in performance improvement into account. We provide both solid theoretical verification and comprehensive experiments for AdaDKRR to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness. Theoretically, we prove that under some mild conditions, AdaDKRR performs similarly to running the optimal learning algorithms on the whole data, verifying the necessity of collaborations and showing that no other distributed learning scheme can essentially beat AdaDKRR under the same conditions. Numerically, we test AdaDKRR on both toy simulations and two real-world applications to show that AdaDKRR is superior to other existing distributed learning schemes. All these results show that AdaDKRR is a feasible scheme to defend against data silos, which are highly desired in numerous application regions such as intelligent decision-making, pricing forecasting, and performance prediction for products.


In the last few years, a new kind of Web applications called Web 2.0 Applications has emerged. In these applications users have a very active participation in comparison with previous applications in which users were mere spectators. Nowadays people can use a much higher amount of data and applications thanks to the development of technology and the evolution towards broadband connections. Therefore, the need for the management and integration of user's data and data from other applications into a single application arises. This project comes up with the aim of studying several of the existing tools that make the reduction of the complexity of Web 2.0 application development possible. Specifically, it presents a case study consisting in the development of an application that enables the management of musical information provided by users. This information will be available from anywhere through an Internet connection. In addition, the application will complement the information provided by users with data obtained from other sources or applications such as lyrics, videos or related products, giving as a result what it is called a mashup. The project consists of a desktop application and a web application. The desktop application sends user information to the web application, and keeps it in sync. The Web application allows web consulting and management of such information, enriched with data from other sources/applications. The web application has been developed using the Ruby on Rails framework. With this framework a REST-oriented application has been obtained, making easier the related resource management feedback and the communication with the desktop application. The desktop application has been developed in Java, and allows not only the processing of information from users of music players iTunes and Amarok but also getting it directly from directories that contain music files.


With the generalization of the SG-ERP project intensive management of State Grid Corporation of China(SGCC)in recent years,and with the increasing of enterprise information stored in personal computers,information security becomes more and more important.Thus,the desktop terminal security for power enterprises has also been one of information security top priorities.The aim of this technical discussion on desktop terminal security improvement by cloud terminals for power enterprises is to reduce maintenance cost and improve management efficiency.Through some measures of cloud terminal,such as a centralized management and mandatory password,the issue of the weak password of desktop terminal will be solved and the desktop terminal security for power enterprises will be also be improved.It is also a very significant way to prevent confidential information leaking.


We address the problem of existence and (non-)uniqueness of solutions $\big(c,u(\cdot),\mu\big)$ to ergodic mean-field games in the whole space $\mathbb{R}^{m}$ with unbounded and merely measurable data, and for non-separable Hamiltonian. The payoff functional satisfies a new monotonicity condition, different from the usual one due to Lasry and Lions. The method we use is also different from classical approaches. It relies on duality theory and optimization in abstract Banach spaces together with maximal dissipativity of diffusion operators.


OBJECTIVE To establish a HPLC method for determining the related substances of tacrolimus.METHODS The determination was performed on a C8 reversed phase column and the constitutes were gradiently eluted with a mixture consisting of acetonitrile-0.02 mol·L-1 phosphates buffer(pH 3.5).UV Detection was set at 210 nm.The temperature of column was set at 60 ℃.The related substances of tacrolimus were confirmed by LC-MS.RESULTS Tacrolimus was transformed into its epimers in the solution but not in CH3CN.CONCLUSION A sensitive and specific method for detecting the related substances from tacrolimus is developed and used to the quality control of tacrolimus.


In the last decades, the irrigated agricultural areas have increased in Murcia, S.E. Spain, especially in the agrarian District "Comarca del Campo de Cartagena". A consequence of this increase is the high use of fertilizers resulting to an excess of nutrients such as nitrogen. Another problem associated with the agriculture is the disposal of the increasing amount of organic agricultural residues from post-harvest practices. In this research we will study the effects of recycling crop residues as an organic fertilizer in vegetable production as a disposal management technique to reduce the amount of post-harvest residues.


Since the development by Zoll1of an external cardiac pacemaker capable of producing effective ventricular contractions by transthoracic electric stimulation many cases of asystole have been successfully treated with the aid of this device alone or in combination with intravenous administration of isoproterenol (Isuprel) hydrochloride.2The majority of the reported cases have been those of chronic atrioventricular block with Stokes-Adams disease. Recently we had opportunity to apply this regimen to a patient in whom an advanced second degree atrioventricular block with Stokes-Adams attacks developed acutely in the course of a myocardial infarct. (The term "advanced second degree atrioventricular block" is applied to cases in which several successively dropped beats initiate atrioventricular nodal escape and dissociation with or without ventricular captures.3) To our knowledge this is the first such case with survival treated in this manner. Continuous monitoring of the rapidly changing cardiac mechanism in conjunction with automatic


Conforming the development of the new circumstances,the library wants to do well the circulating work,it should attach importance to the personnel quality,the counseling,the statistics in the circulating work.Meanwhile,it also should develop various service to meet the reader's multiple requests.


An apparatus for the study of photochemistry in the extreme vacuum‐ultraviolet is described. The light source and photolysis vessel were separated by a fast‐flow separation system, so that no windows were needed. Using a microwave discharge in helium as the light source, photo‐ionization in methane and the rare gases has been studied. By using a filter to attenuate the light intensity, it was possible to measure saturation ion currents in the spherical photolysis vessel, which also served as an ion‐chamber. Ion currents up to 25 μA were obtained in methane, corresponding to a useful incident‐light intensity of about 3×1014 photons/sec. This light is thought to be mostly the helium resonance line at 584 A, strongly reversed. A ``background'' ion current was observed with only helium in the photolysis vessel, and has been tentatively attributed to electron emission from the collecting electrode induced by collision of metastable helium atoms.


The notion of problem-based physics laboratories enhanced by computer technology has been coined "studio physics" (Wilson, 1994) and has been practised at various institutions for some time (Cummings, Marx, Thornton, & Kuhl, 1999; Williams, MacLatchy, Backman, & Retson, 1997). In recent years, new technology tools have been available to supple-ment the standard use of computer probes and data-acqui-sition software in studio physics. This paper reports on a quantitative/qualitative case study of the implementation of two emerging communication tools: Silicon Chalk and the Graphire® Tablet.


We demonstrate a method to obtain the spectra of $1/f$ noises in spin-qubit devices from randomized benchmarking, assisted by supervised learning. The noise exponent, which indicates the correlation within the noise, is determined by training a double-layer neural network with the ratio between the randomized benchmarking results of pulse sequences that correct noise and not. After the training is completed, the neural network is able to predict the exponent within an absolute error of about 0.05, comparable with existing methods. The noise amplitude is then evaluated by training another neural network with the decaying fidelity of randomized benchmarking results from the uncorrected sequences. The relative error for the prediction of the noise amplitude is as low as 5\% provided that the noise exponent is known. Our results suggest that the neural network is capable of predicting noise spectra from randomized benchmarking, which can be an alternative method to measure noise spectra in spin-qubit devices.


HTTP adaptive video streaming is a widespread and sought-after technology on the Internet that allows clients to dynamically switch between different stream qualities presented in the bitrate ladder to optimize overall received video quality. Currently, there exist several approaches of different complexity for building such a ladder. The simplest method is to use a static bitrate ladder, and the more complex one is to compute a per-title encoding ladder. The main drawback of these approaches is that they do not provide bitrate ladders for scenes with different visual complexity within the video. Moreover, most modern methods require additional computationally-intensive test encodings of the entire video to construct the convex hull, used to calculate the bitrate ladder. This paper proposes a new fast per-scene encoding approach called FAUST based on 1) quick entropy-based scene detection and 2) prediction of optimized bitrate ladder for each scene using an artificial neural network. The results show that our model reduces the mean absolute error to 0.15, the mean square error to 0.08, and the bitrate to 13.5 % while increasing the difference in video multimethod assessment fusion to 5.6 points.


The City of San Diego is currently implementing a $773 million capital improvements program (CIP) designed to improve its water supply facilities and increase system reliability. The CIP, which was launched to facilitate completion of water treatment, storage and distribution system projects, includes over 50 projects scheduled for construction throughout San Diego County. The program is now beginning its fourth year. Projects are being rapidly implemented in all phases from planning through construction and start-up, with a number of projects having been completed and successfully placed on-line. Several major pipelines planned for construction involve trenchless construction crossings, including Miramar Road Pipeline, Miramar Water Treatment Plant Early Start Pipeline 2A, Rancho Bernardo Pipeline No. 2, and Alvarado Water Treatment Plant Upgrade and Expansion. A summary of these proposed projects is provided as well as discussions of lessons learned on other recently completed trenchless crossings in San Diego County.


1Department of InternalMedicine and Specialties, Faculty ofMedicine andBiomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon 2Department of Anesthesiology andCritical CareMedicine, Faculty ofMedicine andBiomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon 3Health andHumanDevelopment (2HD) ResearchNetwork, Douala, Cameroon 4Department of InternalMedicine and Specialties, Faculty ofMedicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon


Abstract Concern has been expressed in Toronto since the 1970s about the 'ghettoisation' of black tenants in Metropolitan Toronto Housing Authority (MTHA) public housing. Very little specific evidence exists, however, about the incidence of blacks in MTHA housing. The objectives of the present study are to provide a more detailed perspective on the incidence of blacks in MTHA housing compared to the rest of Toronto and the segregation of blacks within the MTHA system. The results indicate that the proportion of black tenants in MTHA housing increased from 4.2 per cent in 1971 to 27.4 per cent in 1986, a much greater increase than for blacks in the rest of Toronto. Explanations include the recent black Caribbean immigration to Toronto, income constraints, family composition and supply, cost and discriminatory constraints in Toronto's rental housing market. The evidence also suggests that there is some concentration of blacks within MTHA housing, especially in suburban high rise developments. The most likel...


Collective choice bodies throughout the world use a diverse array of codified rules that determine who may exercise procedural rights, and in what order. This paper analyzes several twostage decision-making models, focusing on one in which the firstmoving actor has a unique, unilateral, procedural right to enforce the status quo, i.e., to exercise gatekeeping. Normative analysis using Pareto-dominance criteria reveals that the institution of gatekeeping is inferior to another institutional arrangement within this framework—namely, one in which the same actor is given a traditional veto instead of a gatekeeping right. The analytical results raise an empirical puzzle: When and why would self-organizing collective choice bodies adopt gatekeeping institutions? A qualitative survey of governmental institutions suggests that—contrary to an entrenched modeling norm within political science—empirical instances of codified gatekeeping rights are rare or nonexistent. We are grateful to David Primo for research assistance and to John Huber, Nolan McCarty, and Adam Meirowitz for helpful discussions. Additional comments are welcome. Gatekeeping Christophe Crombez, Tim Groseclose and Keith Krehbiel A large portion of the procedural complexity in collective choice bodies throughout the world can be characterized in simple game-theoretic models. All that is required as a first-order approximation is to specify analytically features such as unique proposal or veto rights, rules governing amendments, and the order in which decision makers act. Empirical counterparts for these abstractions are plentiful. Examples of individuals or groups who possess unique procedural rights include standing committees in legislatures, the Commission in the European Union (EU), prime ministers in parliamentary governments, and the chief executive in presidential systems. Examples of their special rights include, respectively, bill referrals as stipulated by jurisdictional arrangements, proposal rights as designated by international treaties, rights to call elections as provided for by national constitutions, and the right to veto legislation after its passage as specified in the many state and national constitutions. Rules governing amendments may, likewise, give opportunities for some—but not all—decision-makers to propose modifications to the measure before the body. Finally, rules that determine the order in which players engage in collective choice have force within governments at both intra-branch and inter-branch levels. For example, many legislatures have rules or precedents that require that, upon its introduction, legislation is immediately referred to a standing committee, only to be considered later, if at all, by the full body. Similarly, some separation of powers systems require that the legislative branch initiates policy, but that the executive branch (e.g., the president) acts next and must sign or veto the proposed legislation. Parliamentary systems may also grant proposal rights to extra-legislative bodies or players, such as cabinet ministers. This study presents comparative institutional analyses for a class of simple two-stage decision-making arrangements. Within this class, the focal institutional


In this paper, we explore a novel application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs): the task of estimating photographic metadata. Given the raw pixels of a digital photograph, we attempt to predict the camera settings it was taken with, including shutter speed, aperture size, and ISO level. We present some baseline results on this task using the MIRFLICKR dataset. We further contextualize these results in the realm of photography.


We investigate a simple statistical model of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation. In the model, we use a phenomenological parameter which enhances the growth of quark droplet formation and also stabilizes the formation of the QGP droplet. Then, we study direct photon radiation through annihilation and Compton processes from these stabilized QGP incorporating the parametrized momentum
factor in the quark mass. The production rate of thermal photon is found to be dominated in the low transverse momentum and increases a little in comparison to the recent development of direct photon radiation of other theoretical and experimental works.


The paper reviews the supply chain network robustness problems using the methods of agent-based modeling and tool of repast simphony based on logistics.It discusses the internal problems about logistics and supply chain network robustness under the interference factors,which can also provide the research the problems of supply chain robustness and optimization strategy of robustness for reference.


In December of 1978, the Pioneer Venus Orbiter/Probe (PV) Missions will conduct a comprehensive investigation of the ionosphere of Venus. The purpose of this paper is to bring into focus our very limited current knowledge of the chemistry and physics of the Cytherean ionosphere in preparation for the major changes in this understanding that are undoubtedly going to occur as the result of the Pioneer Venus observations.

We have performed theoretical calculations of the energetics of the Cytherean ionosphere and we conclude that the PV measurements will find elevated ion and electron temperatures, resulting primarily from energy fluxes associated in some manner with the solar wind, and acting directly on the ion gas. Ultraviolet dayglow intensities were also calculated and we anticipate that the PV will observe hundreds of kR's of CO2 related emission features such as the CO Cameron bands. Nightside ionosphere calculations were also made assuming the precipitation of energetic electrons as an ionization source, in order to reproduce observed (Venera 9, 10; Mariner 10) nightside electron density profiles. The intensities of some of the resulting emission features are also calculated.


Hanzhong city lies in Qingling-Bashan mountains,as the important fountainheads of South-North Water Diversion centre line project,soil erosion in Hanzhong city is serious for a long time.According to soil erosion situation,with ecology preferential and comprehensive administration principle,are confirmed four emphasis areas.Through converting cropland to forest and grassland,the vegetation is increased,soil erosion is controlled,ecological environmental is improved.The cropland decrease and grain total output drop because of converting cropland to forest and grassland,it will not intimidate the grain security in Hanzhong city.The converting cropland to forest and grassland impels the land use pattern change,agricultural structure adjustment and agricultural gross output value increase.Hanzhong city realizes the sustainable development of ecology,economy and society by converting cropland to forest and grassland.


Abstract Purpose: Formal medical curricula aim to promote professionalism through learning from lectures, interactive tutorials and simulations. We report an exploratory voting exercise, conducted within a new integrated professional teaching module, examining the likely influence on students' knowledge and perceptions of truth telling. Methods: Responses were collected from cohorts of final year students over a six-year period. Students were asked to pick between two responses to a standardized clinical vignette, firstly the response that they personally thought was the more desirable action, and subsequently the response they believed would most likely result in the context of everyday real-life clinical practice. Results: The difference (proportional change) in voting for "avoid full disclosure" from vote 1 (more desirable action) to vote 2 (likely real-life response) was 50% (95% CI: 36–64%, p < 0.001) favoring avoidance of full disclosure. Conclusions: This finding highlights a substantial inconsistency between the knowledge taught by the formal curriculum, and the perception generated by the hidden curriculum. Medical Schools should develop strategies to manage the hidden curriculum, prepare clinical teachers to be good role models, and prepare students to be discerning about the hidden curriculum and when choosing role models.


Siegrief Heimann, On the Political Uses of a Symbol : Concerning a Controversy in Berlin ; The concept of political symbol and the uses made of it can help in understanding how the Neue Wache on the Unter den Linden in the heart of Berlin has become the central memorial of the German Federal Republic which, with a "pieta" by Kathe Kollwitz increased in size 64 times over and with the inscription "To the victims of war and dictatorship" on its base, forms an indissociable whole. Placing this complex within the context of the history of monuments to war dead and of the political cults created around them elucidates how the symbol effects the reconciliation between executioners and victims in an attempt to strengthen German national identity.


In the eyes of many evaluators and policymakers, impact evaluations answer one of the most important questions about a social program: Did the program make the intended beneficiaries better off? However, the reality of social programs and the nature of their effects challenge the ability of impact evaluators to answer this question definitively. In this chapter, we lay out the logic and the challenges of impact evaluation. Central to the logic as well as the challenges is determining what would have happened in the absence of the program to contrast with the actual outcomes for program participants. Understanding the importance of answering that question convincingly and what is required to do so is critical to conducting a valid impact evaluation.


In 1934,the Implementation of Music Education Committee of Jiangxi Province published Music Education,a journal lasted for a long time,content widespread,and the writers including almost all of the well known Chinese musicians and scholars in 1930s,and it played an important role in the history of Chinese music periodical publication in modern times.The Music Education is an important literature to research both of the Chinese music thought and hot issues in China in 1930s.Starting from Music Education's pricing,advertisement,payment for an article,source of writing,cover and column,this paper discussed and sort out the hot issues in the journals that reflect in the music circles in China in 1930s


There is a view that playing sports is positively related to pupils' academic achievement. Results of studies worldwide indicate this correlation, while few studies have been done in Bosnia and Herzegovina on this problem. The current study aims to expand on findings from previous studies by examining associations between (1) mode: active vs. recreational); (2) type: individual vs. team based and (3) a particular kind of sports and academic achievement particularly math achievement among middle school children. Population involves middle school pupils in two urban areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina and research sample consists of 1036 female and 1055 male pupils wanting to take part in study voluntarily. Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon test were conduced to obtain results. Results show that middle school pupils who are actively involved in sports have
better overall midterm academic success as well as better mathematics achievement compared to those who are involved in sports recreationally or not at all (p < 0.001). On the other hand, differences do not occur between pupils who are engaged in team or individual sports. Also, pupils who practice football were found to have lower
school performance compared to pupils who practice some of the other sports.


Welding plays an indispensable role in many industries especially the pipe welding
and welded joint has become one of the most important joining methods available
nowadays. Hence, it is essential to understand the mechanical properties of the welded
joint for pipe so that the welding pipe can be applied effectively in various kinds of
industries. The aim of this project is to investigate the strength of the welded pipe which
is determined by mechanical testing based on ASME Standard Code. Tension test and
three point bending test are conducted to characterize and gain greater understanding of
welded joint mechanical properties and quality. The results of the welded pipe and base
metal pipe are then interpreted and compared in terms of strength, strain, and maximum
load before failure of test specimen to differentiate and investigate the effect of base
metal pipe after being welded. Results and analysis indicate that the welded pipe has
slightly higher strength than the base metal pipe in both of the mechanical tests. The
base metal pipe shows a slightly increase of stiffness after being welded but has been
reduced in ductility. Overall, based on the results, it shows that the welded joint is as
strong as, or even stronger than the base metal pipe and has similar mechanical behavior
with base metal pipe. The experiment also shows that the improper preparation of
welded joint will weaken the strength of the welded pipe and will cause the failure for
passing the mechanical testing.