Passenger public transport in this case is bus Executive intercity between provinces route Malang-Bandung is one of supporting facilities for a real transportation required by public to support having immeasurable life aspect. Seen from growth of economics that is increasingly onward, results requirement of resident to transportation is district especially is district urban increasingly increases. In this bearing height of public enthusiasm is sector by tourism and education is town Malang and Bandung to affect at height of transportation mobility between both the towns, so that existence of bus Executive AKAP very precise because public transport haves the character of mass. In this case oftenly changes it the price of Carriage Operation Cost component causing the need of performing of evaluation of tariff. Purpose of this study haves an eye to evaluates tariff based on Carriage Operation Cost applied the existing. Method used adopts at decision of Communication Directorate General of Number Land SK.687/AJ.206DRJD/2002 About management tech reference manual of transportation of common passenger is region by Urban In Permanent Route and Regular. From result of study is obtained by BOK average of equal to Rp 126.96.36.1990/thn-carriage or Rp 4250,45/km-carriage. While fundamental tariff Rp. 193,20/pnp-km, so is gotten tariff is paid equal to Rp 190000/pnp.


A study of race-based ingroup and outgroup judgment demonstrates the links between two models of social judgment—the 'black sheep' effect (Marques, Yzerbyt & Leyens, 1988) and expectancy-violation theory (Jussim, Coleman & Lerch, 1987). White participants had a live interaction with a Black or White partner who contributed to a team success or failure at a game. Partner judgments, perceived expectancy violation, and mood changes indicated a pattern of ingroup polarization, though the race differential was reliable only when targets performed poorly. Consistent with other research, this pattern was most striking among Whites who were highly identified with their racial group. We suggest that racial identification activates favorable within-group judgment standards which, when violated, produce mood decrements and negative evaluations. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


As the interest of practitioners and researchers in scheduling in a multi-factory environment is growing, there is an increasing need to provide efficient algorithms for this type of decision problems, characterised by simultaneously addressing the assignment of jobs to different factories/workshops and their subsequent scheduling. Here we address the so-called distributed permutation flowshop scheduling problem, in which a set of jobs has to be scheduled over a number of identical factories, each one with its machines arranged as a flowshop. Several heuristics have been designed for this problem, although there is no direct comparison among them. In this paper, we propose a new heuristic which exploits the specific structure of the problem. The computational experience carried out on a well-known testbed shows that the proposed heuristic outperforms existing state-of-the-art heuristics, being able to obtain better upper bounds for more than one quarter of the problems in the testbed.


The regional-urban development planning is a relatively recent response to the changes in the economic processes of production and foreign trade which experienced profound changes over the past two decades. With these changes, globalization and national openness impacted the economic, social and territorial relations in the metropolitan area of Mexicali. This area experienced a central expansion increasing the mobility of vehicles. The importance of urban-regional network in its territory also augmented. These changes impacted the economic base, gradually reducing the importance of agriculture and industry while services, mobility and economic diversification in the territory of Mexicali increased. The desert environment, demographic concentration and mobility in a very small territory with a very dry and warm weather, have posed challenges for future sustainable development in its metropolitan territory. From the results and the experience of a collective planning process and of civic integration, key challenges were identified in the scenarios to promote appropriate and successful answers in the planning of sustainable development for an extreme territory and with economical competence.


Nowadays innovation co-operations have contributed to the success and improvement of firm businesses globally. This study sought to examine how innovation co-operation influences the activities of small, medium and large (SML) firms to become innovative and perform effectively. Using a dataset of a survey study based on Malaysian Innovation Survey (NIS) and European community innovation survey (CIS) reports, a total of 1178 firms cutting across small, medium and large (SML) companies for manufacturing and service firms were examined using an open innovation paradigm in practice to understand the extent of co-operation and collaboration in performing innovation activities. The study data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logic regression model estimation for ease of comprehension. The findings showed that almost all the companies survey were involved in performing one innovation or the other. Furthermore, it reveals that different partnership was sought for co-operation and collaboration in performing their innovations.


The method of making borosilicate glass with a surface having reactive SiOH groups on it includes preparing a borosilicate glass melt and dissolving at least 30 mMol per liter of water in the borosilicate glass melt. The borosilicate glass contains from 70 to 87 percent by weight, SiO 2 ; from 7 to 15 percent by weight, B 2 O 3 ; from 0 to 8 percent by weight, Al 2 O 3 ; from 0 to 8 percent by weight, Na 2 O and from 0 to 8 percent by weight of K 2 O. The borosilicate glass with the easily modified reactive surface can be used as a substrate for chemically covalent immobilization of reactive substances. This substrate can be used to make a biochemical chip, such as a DNA or gene chip, or dirt-proof window glass.


To improve real-time monitoring of equipment in automation control,a distributed monitoring system for operating status of field devices was developed.By applying the OPC technology,the system can read data from the configuration software in multithreaded concurrent communication and send them to the digital signal monitoring equipment to visually display the global field data.Comparing with other monitoring equipments such as rear projection,the system can not only reduce the cost,but also adapt to complex environments as humid and high dusty.Practices show that it can meet the needs of industrial site and show excellent real-time ability and reliability.


Since more than 400 years, two Muslim scholars of China whom are Wang Dai Yu (1570-1660) and Liu Zhi (1660-1730) have adopted the teachings of Confucius in order to make comparison to Islamic law. It is done in order to harmonize Chinese thought with Islamic thought. This kind of doctrine plays a role in realizing the practice of fekah law voluntarily and spontaneously. The basics of these thoughts are gradually strengthened through a series of works translated from Arabic into Chinese "Han". These efforts continued until the time of Ma Qi Xi (1857-1914), founder of the Taoist notion of Western. He formed a perfect "Han Xue" stream - from some of the features - with cross-cultural transformation. After 400 years had passed, there were among his followers whom called to 'Chinese-size' the readings of the Quran through sing-song form similar to Chinese Opera. The effort was up to the stage requiring the reading of the Quran through Chinese-sizatio in prayer. This phenomenon makes the researcher interested in order to do a study of the positive and negative effects of the phenomenon. This research focuses on the following aspects which are the explanation about the arrival of Islam in China, the streams found in Chinese-Muslim societies, the definition of Han Xue stream, its history, well-known figures and its relation to Confucianism. In addition to these, the study also focuses on the concept of moderation in Islam, the similarities and differences in moderation in Confucianism and Buddha-Confucianism in terms of understanding the tenants of Islam and its implementation. It also compares the three aforementioned perspectives with Usul Fiqh.


The reforestation project designed for the Maringa-Lopori- Wamba region in Democratic Republic of Congo is an example of the possibile use of the Clean Development Mechanism, a flexibility mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, for biodiversity conservation. This reforestation project was designed by applying the first and newly approved baseline and monitoring methodology for Clean Development Mechanism afforestation/reforestation project activity. The project aims to enlarge the forest habitat of bonobos (Pan paniscus), a non-human primate species sharing almost 99% of the human genome. Bonobos are endemic to the Democratic Republic of Congo and are currently under a strong risk of extinction. Implementation of the present venture as a Clean Development Mechanism project activity provides an opportunity to participate in the emission trade with emissions reduction achieved by reforestation. The proposal envisions from a reforested area of 5,000 hectares are more than 4,000,000 tons of CO2-e emissions reduction over the 30 years crediting period.


This study of the clinical features of lesions of the cauda equina is based on an analysis of forty-five cases from the Surgical Division of the New York Neurological Institute. Twenty-eight of the patients had new growths which involved the roots of the cauda equina; in the remaining seventeen, no tumor was found and the cases were mostly recorded as inflammatory lesions. Two cases of extensively enlarged veins between the caudal roots, which were more or less completely excised, were included in the tumor group because the enlarged blood vessels encroached on the roots and acted mechanically as if they were new growths. In the seventeen patients with inflammatory changes of some or all of the caudal roots, exploratory laminectomy was performed either because a preoperative diagnosis of tumor had been made or because a new growth could not be excluded. In these patients, the roots were found to be


Hydrochemical characteristics and aquifer properties present a better understanding of the mitigation of groundwater pollution, which has become one of the leading environmental concerns and threats to the sustainable ecosystem. Seventy-seven groundwater samples were collected from Sargodha District (Pakistan) and characterized for their physical and chemical properties. The analytical data were processed for the evaluation of the processes that control the groundwater chemistry using various drinking and agricultural indices with statistical and hydrochemical modeling. The predominant hydrochemical type was found to be Ca-HCO3 type, followed by Na-HCO3 and Mg-Ca-Cl types. The present study showed that the main factors controlling the groundwater chemistry were the prevalent rock dominance alongside the weathering of silicates, solubilization of carbonates, and cation exchange processes. Entropy water quality index (EWQI) revealed that 6.51% represented "poor water," while 7.79% were considered "extremely poor" for drinking purposes. However, USSL classification, Wilcox diagram, and other agricultural indices (RCS, SAR, %Na, MH, PI, and PS) showed that the majority of the samples were classified as suitable for irrigation purpose. However, 16% of the samples for %Na and 24% of the samples for MH were not suitable for agricultural purposes. Overall, the groundwater quality was affected by the anthropogenic stress in the study area.


Howard Reed predicts that the number of families who are especially vulnerable in the UK will increase by 14 per cent between 2010 and 2015, with public spending cuts hitting them particularly hard.


Arun Joshi's enigma of human existence consolidates in his five novels where he moves around multiple phenomenon of social and individual life. His novels and short stories are the manifestation of modern predicament of life. The protagonists of his novels confront the existential vision of life and their individual mindset reports the problem of loneliness, isolation, enigma of life, anxiety, dilemma, hallucination, dread, freedom and responsibility, voice of soul and self-realization. His protagonists are unhappy and unsatisfied not from any social norms and phenomenon of the society but with themselves, the voice of their soul, and conscience that they often fail to console. In fact, like Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, they hate and reject the social, cultural and traditional norms of the society. Joshi, indeed, through his characters, attempt to manifest that it is only social and cultural norms, that suppress and kill man's natural desire to recognise his or her self that both the Eastern and Western philosophers believe. He depicts belief and mystery of Indian philosophy in all his novels. Delineating the traumatic experience of modern men, Joshi, often, tries to illustrate the various conflicts at different levels such as conflict between science and religion, belief and disbelief, object and subject, social and nature, materialism and predicament and so on. His novels are indeed an endeavour of self-expression and self-understanding of human beings.


Submitted for the MAR08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Micron-Scale Observation of Nucleating Water Vapor Bubbles SCOTT PARKER, SUNG CHUL BAE, CHANG-KI MIN, DAVID CAHILL, STEVE GRANICK, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign — Surface plasmon microscopy is used to detect nucleation and lift-off of vapor bubbles in water. Vapor bubbles are generated under pool boiling conditions by heating with a focused Ti-Sapphire laser in the near-infrared region. These bubbles modulate the local index of refraction, thereby altering the local excitation of the surface plasmon which are excited in the Kretchmann geometry and observed with a CCD camera. Altering the surface roughness, we observe how bubbles interact in their earliest stages. Scott Parker University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Date submitted: 26 Nov 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


Lining a layer of ceramic pads at the bottom of hearth can directly influence the slag-pig solidified layer.The hearth structure is discussed.It is impossible to form a solidified layer at beginning of production,but it is possible to form a two-phase zone of certain thickness.The mathematical model of heat transfer at hearth bottom was established.The calculated results show that appropriate parameters of lined ceramic pads can improve erosion resistance of the bottom and prolong campaign life of blast furnace.


The S1-transitions of the jet-cooled biphenylene (BP) and [2,2]-paracyclophane (PCP) molecules are investigated, using the two-color resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (Jet-REMPI) technique. Both molecules show unusually large geometry changes upon S1←S0 excitation, inducing high Franck-Condon activity. In the case of the antiaromatic BP the large extent of Π-bond fixation causes major bondlength changes within the central four membered ring. Five ag-modes are assigned in the spectrum of BP. The BP jet-spectrum represents the first one of an antiaromatic compound. The S1←S0 geometry change of PCP is due to large "through space"-interactions between the two benzene subsystems (i.e. increased attraction of the benzene systems in the S1). The spectrum of PCP shows an intense progression of the corresponding breathing-mode (ag). The one-color limit of PCP is located in the well structured region of the S1-spectrum, allowing the measurement of the ionization potential by comparison of the one- and two-...


Good leadership of the school plays an important role in raising the students' academic achievement in Nigeria. This study (leadership styles, types and students' academic achievement in Nigeria) examined whether the principal's leadership styles-types, his gender, highest educational qualification and experience as a principal do play their contributing influence in the school performance as well as students' academic achievement. Finally, the study intends to propose the leadership model for the Nigerian school principals. The research design used is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey research design. Theoretical or educational gap, locational gap, and the approach gap were identified. In the research process, the researcher utilized two inventory questionnaires and the field form that was validated by a panel of experts. Stratified random sampling with 480 teachers and 60 principals employed, but only 380 teachers and 57 principals responded. ANOVA, z-test, correlation, percentage and mean were used. Principals' experience and his highest qualification are significant.


CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE
The prevalence of psychiatric conditions in clinical settings is high, particularly in emergency services. This is a challenge for healthcare professionals and an essential element in the functioning of the mental health network. The objective here was to describe the sociodemographic and clinical profile and the practices among patients treated psychiatrically in the Emergency Unit.

DESIGN AND SETTING
Descriptive and quantitative study, conducted at Hospital das Clínicas (HC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp).

METHODS
Sociodemographic data, reasons for attendance, diagnostic hypotheses and practices were analyzed.

RESULTS
Psychiatric staff attended 1,835 cases over the study period, corresponding to 1465 patients. The patients were predominantly women (53.7%) and white (79.6%); their mean age was 37 years and 41.3% lived with their parents. The commonest reasons for attendance were depressive symptoms (28.1%), agitation (23.6%) and problems with psychoactive substances (19.5%). The commonest diagnoses were psychoactive substance-related disorders (23%) and depressive disorders (18.5%). 31.6% of the patients were referred to healthcare centers and 29.2% to specialized outpatient clinics, while 8.2% were hospitalized.

CONCLUSIONS
This study emphasizes that it is important for professionals working in emergency service to have information about the patients' profile and the main reasons that lead them to seek psychiatric care, and to establish a diagnosis that will allow proper management at the emergency service and case referral.


multiple neurofibromatosis of von Recklinghausen is characterized by areas of cutaneous pigmentation and multiple tumors of the nervous system. Neurofibromas are most common along the peripheral nerves, being subcutaneous in site, but have also been described in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts (1, 2). Meningiomas and gliomas are associated with neurofibromatosis, as are vascular anomalies such as cavernous hemangiomas. It has been suggested that neurofibromatosis is related to neurocutaneous disorders, such as the Sturge-Weber syndrome and von Hippel-Lindau's disease. It is well established that pheochromocytomas occur relatively frequently in patients with neurofibromatosis (3). That neurofibromatosis may be the cause of renal artery abnormalities and hypertension is not well known. The subject was recently reviewed by Halpern and Currarino (4) who found 7 previously reported cases and added 3 of their own. Of the 10 patients, 1 was not operated upon, 2 remained hypertensive after surgery, ...


The interplay is reconstructed in an evolutionary perspective along three main stages. In the first one, Commission focused on IPRs holders' power of disposition in order to prevent that profiting from the statutory 'territorial scope' of national exclusive rights, agreements were enacted partitioning the European market thus frustrating the goal of the Single Market. In the second phase, in order to avoid monopolization of top-level innovation, the statutory excludent power itself of holders of patents and copyrights on non-workably substitutable (thus 'essential') innovative solutions—and also holders of a dominant position—was tempered by a duty to grant access, on FRAND terms, to competitors willing licensees. In the third stage, in order to clear the market from 'unworthy' IPRs, thus ensuring a fairly competitive playing field, the attention focused on the acquisition itself of IPR entitlement and various forms of its anticompetitive misuse.


Venture capital leading fund is a kind of policy that many countries adopt to promote the development of venture capital industry. Many countries and regions establish such leading funds to further the respective development of venture capital industry.This paper compares and analyses leading funds domesticly and overseas to give some policy advice to China's operation in venture capital leading fund.


The role played by drift effects and electron-viscosity effects in resistive ballooning modes in a high-/beta/tokamak plasma is analyzed. An average ballooning equation in the resistive layer which incorporates these effects is constructed. For sufficiently high ion viscosity, this equation has an exact analytic solution. A general dispersion relation for perturbations of the type considered here is derived by joining the asymptotic form of this solution with the asymptotic expression for the solution in the ideal region. The electron--ion viscous resistive--interchange instability is analyzed. The typical wave numbers and growth rates of this instability in the banana and plateau regimes are found. The influence of drift effects on quasi-ideal ballooning modes and ballooning resistive-intercharge models is anlayzed. It is shown that under the conditions /gamma//sub T//sub i/


We introduce a mechanically constrained, 3D ultrasound- guided core-needle breast biopsy device. With modest breast compression, 3D ultrasound scans localize suspicious masses. A biopsy needle is mechanically guided into position for firing into the sampling region. Th needle is parallel to the transducer, allowing real-time guidance during needle insertion. Lesion sampling is verified by another ultrasound image after firing. Two procedures quantified targeting accuracy of this apparatus. First, we biopsied eleven breast phantoms containing 123 embedded, cylindrical lesions constructed from PVA-C (poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel) with diameters ranging from 1.6 to 15.9mm. Identification of the colored lesion in the biopsy sample and analysis of the post-biopsy US images provided a model for the success rates. Using this, we predict that our apparatus will require six passes to biopsy a 3.0 mm lesion with 99% confidence. For the second experiment, agar phantoms were embedded with four rows of 0.8mm stainless steel beads. A 14-gauge needle was inserted to each bead position seen in a 3D ultrasound scan and the tip position was compared to the pre-insertion bead position. The inter-observer standard errors of measurement were less than 0.15 and 0.28mm for the bead and needle tip positions, respectively. The off-axis 3D 95% confidence intervals were determined to have widths between 0.43 and 1.71mm, depending on direction and bead position.


Thick debris cover, greater than about 5 cm, insulates ice and reduces melt rates. Despite this melt-suppressing effect, glaciers often thin rapidly under thick debris cover. In High Mountain Asia, the European Alps, and Alaska many debris-covered and debris-free glacier tongues are thinning at similar rates (e.g., Kääb et al., 2012). This apparent paradox is known as the ‘debris-cover anomaly’ (Pellicciotti et al., 2015). Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain this behavior, which are not mutually exclusive. First, glacier thinning under thick debris is enhanced by melt hotspots (lakes, ice cliffs, and streams) within otherwise continuous debris cover. Second, the decline in ice flow from upglacier leads to thinning under thick debris (e.g., Vincent et al., 2016).

We propose a new mechanism to explain why thinning amplifies under thick debris. It appears that debris cover—through its affect on the melt pattern—controls glacier geometry (i.e., patterns of ice thickness and surface slope). A characteristic debris-perturbed driving stress pattern results which in turn controls where dynamical thinning amplifies, often in the upper reaches of debris-covered tongues. Our explanation is supported with data from a suite of glaciers in the Himalaya and with simulations from a numerical debris-covered glacier model responding to climate change (Anderson and Anderson, 2016).

In all numerical simulations, the zone of maximum glacier thinning initially occurs upglacier from the debris cover. This zone of maximum thinning then propagates downglacier into the debris-covered portion. We explain how this zone of maximum thinning can be spatially pinned and amplified at different locations relative to the terminus depending on debris thickness, bed slope, glacier size, and glacier topology. This seemingly paradoxical mechanism in which debris itself controls thinning under thick debris is further supported by an analysis of published thinning data from glaciers across High Mountain Asia.


The objective of the present article is to analyse the influence of the organisation Translators Without Borders on the status of its volunteers: translators and community interpreters. The first chapter concerns main aspects of the translator's status. The second one presents briefly the types of Translators Without Borders activities, while the next one focuses on the characteristics of the types of translator's and interpreter's work  for the organization. The last chapter includes the analysis of the translator's and interpreter's status aspects that are susceptible to impact of the described organization's  activities. Conclusions are ambiguous as the main reason of the Translators Without Borders foundation was not to improve the translator's status. However, membership may be beneficial under certain conditions.


The role of the Science Mission Directorate (SMD) is to enable NASA to achieve its science goals in the context of the Nation's science agenda. SMD's strategic decisions regarding future missions and scientific pursuits are guided by Agency goals, input from the science community-including the recommendations set forth in the National Research Council (NRC) decadal surveys-and a commitment to preserve a balanced program across the major science disciplines. Toward this end, each of the four SMD science divisions-Heliophysics, Earth Science, Planetary Science, and Astrophysics-develops fundamental science questions upon which to base future research and mission programs. Often the breakthrough science required to answer these questions requires significant technological innovation-e.g., instruments or platforms with capabilities beyond the current state of the art. SMD's targeted technology investments fill technology gaps, enabling NASA to build the challenging and complex missions that accomplish groundbreaking science.


The network structure and algorithm model of Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) blind deconvolution is analyzed. A novel blind deconvolution algorithm based on output signals' context information is proposed. A new optimum method using Quantum Genetic Algorithm (QGA) is put forward. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm to the separation of communication signals.


Based on a two-year fieldwork in and around Johannesburg, this paper contends that the emergence of "African markets" in the post-apartheid urban landscapes filled the niches created by the production of commodified images of the country and, by extension, the continent. The analysis focuses on the creative process at work around the identification and multi-layered reading of a "cosmopolitan" African identity by different groups of actors (South African municipal authorities, retail private actors and migrant traders). It tries to show how this process has fulfilled actors' immediate and contrasted needs but has not necessarily led to countering negative cliches on African migration in the long run. It thus tries to make use of the theoretical framework of the notion of ethnic entrepreneurship in its application to the South African context. The paper documents the practices and activities of the African curio trade in South African cities, the products sold, the trade networks and the imaginaries on which the perceptions of migrants, market managers and municipal councillors rely and in turn continue to fuel. After painting the specific cultural and political context of the South African tourism industry and offering a brief overview of the dissemination of new trade and migration networks towards and within South African cities, the paper finally unpacks the imagery of Africa that is conveyed to South Africans and international publics as well as its genealogy.


A record disk has a read-only track area and a writable track area in which a guard band of a sufficient width is formed between such two areas for prevention of erroneous writing into the read-only track area during data writing into the writable track area. Apparatus using such disk employs a pair of heads with opposite azimuth angles and erasing of a track is first checked to prevent a read-only track from being erased. During such track erasing, a track recorded by a head with one azimuth is erased by a head with the other azimuth.


Background: The authors aimed to identify the incidence of suboptimal alignment in preschool-aged children with diaphyseal femoral fractures treated with closed reduction and spica casting. We also sought to identify possible risk factors leading to suboptimal final alignment and the number of children initially treated by spica casting who needed revision surgery. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 132 cases of pediatric (age 3 to 6 yr) femoral shaft fractures treated with closed reduction and spica casting between January 2005 and October 2016. We evaluated whether age, weight, sex, mechanism of injury, fracture pattern, location, shortening, and angulation led to either acceptable or suboptimal fracture alignment at final radiographic follow-up. Results: Eighty-five patients (64.4%) healed in acceptable alignment, and 47 (35.6%) healed in unacceptable alignment. Higher energy injury patterns (transverse and comminuted) were more likely to result in suboptimal alignment at healing than lower energy patterns (oblique and spiral) (P=0.049). Proximal fractures trended towards more unfavorable results than other sites (P=0.068). Three independent risk factors for suboptimal alignment were identified including higher energy injury, initial coronal angulation greater than 8 degrees, and proximal fracture location. We determined a 99% chance of unacceptable alignment with three risk factors. We had a 9.8% (13 of 132 patients) return to operating room rate including 11patients for loss of reduction and two for cast soiling. Conclusions: Certain preschool-aged children with femoral fractures are at higher risk for suboptimal alignment after spica cast treatment. In higher risk cases, it may be reasonable to consider operative intervention and early mobilization instead of closed reduction and spica casting. Level of Evidence: Level IV.


The structure of an SiC-monofilament-reinforced Al-matrix composite was reconstructed using diffraction rings from these two phases. A 65 keV X-ray beam with 15 µm width (horizontal) and 150 µm length (vertical) was scanned across the specimen in 15 µm steps. A 2° rotation about the vertical rotation axis was used between projections, and filtered back projection reconstructions were created with 15 × 15 µm in-plane and 150 µm out-of-plane volume elements (voxels). The integrated intensities of the 11.0, 10.1 and 10.2 SiC and the 111, 200 and 220 Al diffraction rings were used to produce six independent reconstructions. The transmitted-intensity reconstruction agreed with that of higher resolution, absorption-contrast synchrotron microcomputed tomography. The Al reconstructions showed the effect of large grains, and the SiC reconstructions revealed the two microstructural zones in the fibers.


In this paper, we investigate the existence and characterizations of the Fréchet derivatives of the solution to time-harmonic elastic scattering problems with respect to the boundary of the obstacle. Our analysis is based on a technique the factorization of the difference of the far-field pattern for two different scatterers introduced by Kress and Païvarinta to establish Fréchet differentiability in acoustic scattering. For the Dirichlet boundary condition an alternative proof of a differentiability result due to Charalambopoulos is provided and new results are proven for the Neumann and impedance exterior boundary value problems.


The gastric and intestinal response to a standard meal was examined with a quantitative multiple indicator dilution technique in a patient with jejunitis and malabsorption. Examinations were made during and after recovery from disease. The malabsorptive state was associated with a marked delay of the gastric emptying paralleled by a low gastric secretion rate. Despite the low delivery rate from the stomach, large fluid volumes passed at the investigated level 70 cm distal to the pyloric sphincter. This was due to a reduced absorption of nutrients and water during a rapid transit of the proximal intestine and to persistently high pancreatic and intestinal secretion rates. A comparison with data from the healthy experiment suggests that the strong gastric inhibition during malabsorption works as an effective compensation for the decreased absorptive capacity after the second hour from meal intake and onwards.


want to talk about Mordecai M. Kaplan's theology. Some might say that such an expression is an oxymoron. I think not. Kaplan, like his teacher Ralph Waldo Emerson, suffers from not being taken seriously as a philosopher. Perhaps he was more the sociologist than the theologian. Yet sometimes the sociologist becomes the theologian and can be very provocative. I wish to maintain that there is another Kaplan, not Kaplan the sociological theologian, the follower of William James andJohn Dewey, but Kaplan the reader/follower of Emerson. In his more mature thinking, Kaplan moves toward a greater emphasis on the individual that is clearly Emersonian. Additionally, we find that Kaplan's concept of the transnatural bears a striking similarity to Emerson's "Oversoul." Kaplan has always been credited by his supporters and his critics for asking the right questions. Hugo Bergman, professor of philosophy at the Hebrew University in the 1930s and certainly no partisan of Kaplan's, once gave him a rather backhanded compliment focusing on Kaplan's ability to ask the right questions. Kaplan was in Palestine teaching at the Hebrew University. His latest book, Judaism in Transi-


The present invention relates to municipal drainage processing technology field, and disclose a kind of municipal drainage system, lawn is permeated including greening, greening infiltration lawn is used to rainwater being collected, road surface osmosis system includes the greening lawn being arranged between car lane and bicycle lane, following current mouth on the small-sized following current hole of locomotive track edge and manway zebra stripes, rainwater-collecting pipeline collects the rainwater penetrated into from road surface web, sedimentation basin is used to be deposited rainwater, collect the rainwater with granule foreign, rainwater after precipitation enters purifying domestic sewage processor, rainwater flows into purification water collection tank after being purified by purifying domestic sewage processor.The municipal drainage system, simple in construction, laying is convenient, by being used cooperatively for rainwater collection header, sedimentation basin and purification water collection tank, caused sewage can be carried out to certain caching, avoid flow excessive, cause drainage system to be paralysed, have influence on the normal life of people.


Nowadays solar collectors are constructed on roof tops very frequently for water heating, air heating or photovoltaic power generation. At a location the wind velocities increase as the elevation from the earth increases and its variation follow one-seventh power law. This variation plays a crucial role in determining the efficiency of roof mounted solar air heating collectors. Unglazed collectors are more affected by the wind than glazed collectors. Previous studies either neglected wind effects or used relations based on experiments conducted on flat surfaces to predict these losses. The subject matter of this paper is to predict the wind velocity induced thermal top-losses on roofs of different configurations through the use of computational fluid dynamics software. Wind data for the Arabian Gulf region in terms of wind velocity and direction has been used for the calculation of thermal top loss. Reynolds number of the order of 5x105-2x106 is considered for the simulation. Several factors contribute for the heat loss coefficient from the roof surface. The results help in estimating the performance of solar collectors installed on roof tops and to choose the right type of roof.


Purpose – This paper seeks to contribute to the field of corporate communication by clarifying the theoretical basis of communication in issue arenas and proposing an agenda for research on issue arenas. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on insights from stakeholder thinking, network theory, issues management, and agenda-setting theory, the authors identify different levels of analysis that could explain the behaviour of organisations in the public debate on current issues. Findings – The organisation-centred approach is replaced by a strong emphasis on interaction in networks of organisations, groups and individuals. Decision-making on communication strategies can be further developed by analysing the particularities of each issue arena, in particular the characteristics of the issue and the actors involved as well as the course of the debate and the communication strategies utilised in stakeholder interaction. Research limitations/implications – This theoretical approach calls for further research, ...


Context Post-operative haemorrhage is a known complication of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery. Prompt treatment minimizes mortality and morbidity; however, there is currently little uniformity in the management of this complication. Objective The total numbers of pancreatectomies or liver resections were identified using hospital episode statistic data. Methods Patients who experienced post-operative bleeding were identified with keyword searches of all discharge letters, imaging reports and the theatre-coding database for the period between January 2005 and December 2011. Treatment modalities for control of haemorrhage as well as morbidity, mortality, length of stay and survival were examined. Results Thirty-four of the 768 pancreatic and liver resections performed experienced post-operative haemorrhage. More patients bled following pancreatectomies (6.1%) compared to hepatectomies (2.5%). Bleeding was controlled using endoscopic, interventional radiological or surgical methods; re-laparotomy provided definitive management in the majority of patients. Post-pancreatectomy haemorrhage was associated with significantly increased mortality (P=0.004). Length of stay was increased following haemorrhage post-pancreatectomy or hepatectomy (P<0.05). Conclusions Our study highlights the substantial increase in mortality and length of stay following post-pancreatectomy and post-hepatectomy haemorrhage. Re-laparotomy was frequently required for control of bleeding. Our proposed management algorithm based on the timing and site of bleeding may standardize treatment in this heterogeneous group. Image: Algorithm for the management of late post-resectional haemorrhage.


Performance assessment implies that the structural, non‐structural, and content systems are given and that decision variables, DVs, (e.g. expected annual loss, mean annual frequency of collapse) are computed and compared to specified performance targets. Performance‐based design (PBD) is different by virtue of the fact that the building and its components and systems first have to be created. Good designs are based on concepts that incorporate performance targets up front in the conceptual design process, so that subsequent performance assessment becomes more of a verification process of an efficient design rather than a design improvement process that may require radical changes of the initial design concept. In short, the design approach could consist of (a) specifying performance targets (e.g. tolerable probability of collapse, acceptable dollar losses) and associated seismic hazards, and (b) deriving engineering parameters for system selection, or perhaps better, using the relatively simple design decision support tools discussed in this paper. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


From an ontological point of view, virtuality is generally considered a simulation: i.e. not a case of true being, and never more than an illusory copy, referring in each instance to its real original. It is treated as something imagined — and, phenomenologically speaking, as an intentional object. It is also often characterized as fictive. On the other hand, the virtual world itself is extremely rich, and thanks to new technologies is growing with unbelievable speed, so that it now influences the real world in quite unexpected ways. Thus, it is also sometimes considered real. In this paper, against those who would regard virtuality as fictional or as real, I claim that the virtual world straddles the boundary between these two ways of existence: that it becomes real. I appeal to Roman Ingarden's existential ontology to show that virtual objects become existentially autonomous, and so can be attributed a form of actuality and causal efficaciousness. I conclude that the existential autonomy and actuality of virtual objects makes them count as real objects, but also means that they undergo a change in their mode of existence.


Link prediction is an important task in social network analysis, the core of which is to predict the establishment of future links between nodes in social network. A weighted network model based on time information is proposed. Because the preference of nodes in the network will change with external factors, the time decay factor is introduced into the algorithm through the logistic function. The link weights between node pairs are determined by the link establishment time information, and the weighted network is used to improve the effect of supervised learning link prediction. Experiments were carried out on the academic co-author network, and the weighted network model was constructed to predict the links using supervised learning technology. The results show that this method is superior to the traditional weighted network method in Accuracy, f-measure and AUC.


With the high-speed development of the rural economy and the improving of villagers living standard in Taihu Lake region,the rural water environment is deteriorating.The pollution of water environment has attracted more attention.Several sewage treatment technologies which are commonly used in this region are introduced.According to the characteristics of rural sewage,the treatment technology pattern for rural domestic sewage demonstration project in Taihu Lake region should be considered from three respects including the selection of demonstration project location,the determination of treatment process and the fund raising.The combination of biological process and ecological process may be the best choice for the rural domestic sewage treatment.


In our college,the animal husbandry and veterinary medicine specialty has actively enhanced college-enterprise cooperation and further implemented education and teaching reform.At the same time,it has made full use of the advantages and resources both in our college and enterprises such as talents,technology and facilities and so on.In this way,it has achieved the enhancement of industry-university cooperation and realization of mutual compensation of advantages,resource sharing and mutual benefit and win-win results.


Differences in social support between groups of tsunami survivors and the correlation between social support and posttraumatic stress after 14 months


In this article, we consider the longest-queue-served-first queueing system, in which two types of customers arrive, independently and respectively according to two Poisson processes with possibly unequal arrival rates, to two separate queues served, with possibly unequal service rates, by a single exponential server. This system finds important applications and has been studied before. Our focus is on the tail asymptotic behavior for the stationary distribution when the system is stable. We model this system into a reflected random walk in the half plane. This random walk reveals two different properties, respectively, along the direction of the minimum of the two queues and the direction of the difference between the two queues. Specifically, the one-dimensional process for the minimum is reducible, which makes the tail analysis along the difference direction easier, but the process for the difference is irreducible, for which the analysis is more challenging (similar to the analysis for a non-singular genus one reflected random walk). We extend the kernel method for random walks in the quarter plane to this system to obtain exact tail asymptotic expressions along both directions, which are new contributions to the literature.


Background: Immature granulocyte (IG) counts as a powerful clinical parameter can be obtained by new generations of hematology analyzers automatically. Establishment of IG reference intervals in healthy pregnant women is a prerequisite for clinically meaningful interpretation of the parameter. Methods: By using a Sysmex XE-5000 hematology analyzer, a large number of pregnant women comprising 1372 samples were analyzed to determine pregnancy trimester stratified reference intervals for IG, including their absolute values (#IG) and relative values (%IG). Results: Compared with healthy non-pregnant women, #IG and %IG in healthy pregnant women increased significantly (P<0.05). Although there was no difference in #IG and %IG of healthy pregnant women of different ages, these values were positively correlated with pregnancy trimester and there was significant difference among the first, second, and third trimester groups (P<0.05). According to a non-parametric statistical method, the reference intervals for #IG in the first, second, and third trimesters were (0.003-0.091)×109/L, (0.007-0.247)×109/ L, and (0.018-0.456)×109/L, respectively, while those for %IG were (0.04-0.92)%, (0.10-2.00)%, and (0.20-3.80)%, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates IG counts in healthy pregnant women increase significantly during pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters. IG reference intervals according to pregnancy trimester have been established, and it may be used for evaluating health status of pregnant women and help obstetricians to make their clinical decisions.


Abstract With an estimated < 50 adult individuals remaining, the Critically Endangered Balkan lynx Lynx lynx balcanicus is one of the rarest, most threatened and least-studied large carnivores. To identify priority conservation areas and actions for the subspecies, during 2006–2014 we conducted 1,374 questionnaire surveys throughout the potential range of the Balkan lynx to (1) evaluate human–lynx interactions and identify potential threats, and (2) determine the probability of site use in 207 grid cells through occupancy modelling. Human–lynx interactions were related mainly to poaching of lynx, and damage to livestock by lynx. Poaching was intense throughout the potential range of the subspecies, apparently having affected 50–100% of the total estimated extant population. Damage to livestock was recorded only in relation to sheep, mainly in the southern part of the lynx's potential range. Occupancy modelling indicated 108 grid cells with high probability of site use, which was affected mainly by increased terrain ruggedness and reduced forest cover. Based on the combined results of our study we identified five priority areas for conservation, as well as in situ habitat protection, community participation in the conservation of the subspecies, and the improvement and implementation of the existing legal framework as the priority conservation actions for the Balkan lynx.


This paper highlights the probable causes of failure of existing bank protection works of the River Surma for safety of Sylhet, the northeastern city of Bangladesh. In this study, eight places were selected where the concerned authority implemented bank protection works. Observation shows that the soil particle of the embankment carries significant amount of clay, fine silt and fine dust, indicating that the soil of such areas is subjected to be eroded, which poses a great risk to the safety of this city. Moreover, the grain size analysis of all the selected locations shows that the effective diameter (d10) of the soil sample is much lower than the value used in the design calculation of the authority. In consequence of this the scour depth would be more than the calculated one. However, the study will give a better understanding of those factors causing deterioration to the protective structures.


Physical-Layer Network Coding (PLNC) has recently emerged as a promising new communications paradigm that has the ability to greatly increase the capacity of wireless networks. Current research has also demonstrated that PLNC can decrease the eavesdropping region of an external entity. In this paper we show how it is possible to mitigate passive eavesdropping in the presence of co-located nodes in a PLNC environment.


India is a multilingual and multi-script country and a large part of its population speaks more than one language. It has been noted that such multilingual speakers switch between languages while communicating informally. The code-mixed language is very common in informal communication and social media, and extracting sentiments from these code-mixed sentences is a challenging task. In this work, we have worked on sentiment classification for one of the most common code-mixed language pairs in India i.e. Hindi-English. The conventional sentiment analysis techniques designed for a single language don't provide satisfactory results for such texts. We have proposed two approaches for better sentiment classification. We have proposed an Ensembling based approach which is based on hybridization of Naive Bayes, SVM, Linear Regression, and SGD classifiers. We have also developed a bidirectional LSTM based novel approach. The approaches provide quite satisfactory results for the code-mixed Hindi-English text.


: This article begins by summarizing the concept of ethical apophaticism in the theology of John Zizioulas and Christos Yannaras. The impetus for this concept, namely a desire to maintain the irreducibility of the human person to extrinsic ethical categories, is noted and celebrated. However, it is proposed that to do fuller justice to the understanding of the ethical and moral life in the Orthodox tradition, a certain 'ethical cataphaticsm' needs to be brought into the discussion. Some potential lineaments of what this might entail for these authors are highlighted (repentance and love) before seeking to supplement them with a discussion of the commandments of Christ through the lens of the theology of Sophrony Sakharov. It is argued that Christ's commandments provide the sure path to developing an ethical cataphaticism that can work in tandem with the insights of the category of ethical apophaticism offered by Zizioulas and Yannaras.


Parallel execution of telecommunication services may cause non-deterministic system behavior, which is a kind of feature interaction decreasing network reliability. We formally define the non-determinacy feature interaction, and show by examples how we detect such feature interactions.


Horizontal principal stress orientations inferred from well bore elongations ("breakouts") in petroleum exploration wells on the Atlantic outer continental shelf yield the following results by area (from north to south): Georges Bank (9 wells, total depths between 4.30 and 6.66 km)-maximum horizontal compressive stress (Snmax ) orientation approximately E-W; Baltimore Canyon (14 wells, total depths between 3.74 and 5.58 km)-SHmax orientation between N 50° E and N 70 E; and the southeast Georgia Embayment (3 wells, total depths between 1.83 and 2.13 km)-$Hmax orientation between N 8°E and N 23°E. All wells lie within 70 km of the continental slope and the inferred least horizontal principal stress orientations are generally aligned perpendicular to the local trend of the slope. Focal mechanisms of earthquakes directly adjacent onshore indicate congressional deformation (thrust and strike-slip faulting) resulting from NE to ENE Snmax orientation. In addition, available unambiguous data on young faulting on the continental shelf suggest thrust and/or strike-slip faulting and in-situ stress magnitudes measured on the Scotian shelf, offshore Canada, indicate a strike-slip faulting stress regime with Snmax oriented about NE (Ervine and Bell, 1987). It appears that the state of stress on the continental margin is broadly consistent with the NE to ENE maximum horizontal compression characterizing most of mid-plate North America, however superimposed continental slope effects, including flexure due to sediment loading, may be locally large enough to rotate the principal stresses by as much as 40°. INTRODUCTION Knowledge of the in-situ stress field is invaluable for assessing seismic hazards in areas such as the eastern United States with a relatively low level of seismicity and where major active faults have not been identified. Results of previous studies (Zoback and Zoback, 1980; Yang and Aggarwal, 1981; and Wentworth and Mergner-Keefer, 1983) suggested that a zone of NW-oriented compression exists along the Atlantic seaboard of the U.S. in contrast to the NEto ENEoriented maximum horizontal compressive stresses found throughout much of the midcontinent region of North America (Sbar and Sykes, 1973; Zoback and Zoback, 1980; M. L. Zoback and others, 1986). The evidence for a distinct Atlantic coast stress province includes poorly constrained earthquake focal mechanisms (Yang and Aggarwal, 1981) and small (1-2 m) late Tertiary reverse fault offsets (Prowell, 1983). However, new stress data suggests that the NE to ENE compressive stress state characterizing the midcontinent region may be continous into the mid-plate region of the Western Atlantic basin making the existence of a separate coastal stress province doubtful. These new stress data include: 1) better-constrained earthquake focal mechanisms in the Charleston, South Carolina area (Talwani, 1982) and in the Western Atlantic basin (Nishenko and Kafka, 1982), as well as new mechanisms and a re-analysis and error assessment (Quittmeyer and others, 1985, C.T. Statton, 1984, written communication) of earlier focal mechanisms in the New York-New Jersey area that suggested NW-compression (Yang and Aggarwal, 1981), 2) Analysis of well bore elongations in southeastern Canada and the northeastern U.S. (Plumb and Cox, 1987) and on the Scotian shelf (Prodrouzek and Bell, 1985), 3) in-situ stress (hydraulic fracturing) measurements in a 1 km-deep well in the New York-New Jersey area (Zoback and others, 1985) and in several holes near the Georgia-South Carolina border (M. D. Zoback and others, 1986). To further evaluate the state of stress along the Atlantic coast area we analyzed high resolution four-arm dipmeter logs for stress-induced borehole elongations ("breakouts") in Continental Offshore Test wells (COST) and other petroleum industry exploration wells drilled on the outer continental shelf. Numerous studies using commercially available dipmeter data indicate that the average azimuth of these elongations is generally very consistent within a given well or oil field (Cox, 1970; Babcock, 1978; and Brown and others, 1980). Comparison with other types of data (Gough and Bell, 1981 and 1982; Hickman and others, 1985; Plumb and Hickman, 1985; Teufel, 1985) and theoretical analyses (Bell and Gough, 1979 and 1982; and M. D. Zoback and others, 1985) suggest that the consistent azimuth of the elongation is parallel to the minimum horizontal compressive stress orientation. We determined borehole elongation azimuths for wells from three fields on the eastern U.S. continental margin (Georges Bank, Baltimore Canyon, and Southeast Georgia Embayment) in order to evaluate stress orientations in this region. ANALYSIS OF LOG DATA TO DETERMINE ELONGATION DIRECTIONS The elongation directions reported here were measured from field dipmeter logs obtained from the U.S. Minerals Management Service and also directly from the private companies who drilled the holes (see the Acknowledgments for a complete list of companies who provided logs). Dipmeter logs utilize an oriented-four arm caliper tool which records hole geometry in two orthogonal directions (for a complete description of this tool see Schlumberger, Limited, 1981). Torque in standard logging cable results in a clockwise rotation of the tool under normal operating conditions when the well bore is approximately circular. In zones of well bore elongation this rotation may temporarily be interupted when one set of caliper arms expands and locks into the elongated axis of the hole. Babcock (1978), Bell and Gough (1982), Cox (1983), and Dart (1985) give a detailed discussion of identification and discrimination of elongation ("breakout") zones from dipmeter logs and also provide numerous examples. The primary criteria used in this study to distinguish elongation or breakout zones from other forms of well bore enlargment and non-symmetrical caving are essentially identical to those reported in Dart (1985) and are repeated below: 1. The logging tool must exhibit normal rotation in circular parts of the hole. 2. Normal tool rotation is interrupted in elongation zones. 3. One of the caliper pairs must exceed the borehole diameter relative to the bit size. 4. The direction of elongation and azimuth of hole drift in cases where there is a vertical deviation of the hole must not coincide. Such non-verticality of the well bore may induce drill-pipe wear in the form of asymmetric borehole elongation (Plumb and Hickman, 1985). GEOLOGY OF THE STUDY AREAS The United States Atlantic continental margin extends from the Georges Bank southward to southern Florida, between the coastal plain and the outer continental rise (Figure 1). The physiography of the continental margin consists of a gently sloping shelf to depths of approximately 200 m, a continental slope on which bathymetric depths increase rapidly to about 2,000 m, and the broad continental rise that extends seaward to the abyssal plain (Emery and Uchupi, 1972). The continental margin is underlain by a series of structural platforms and basement depressions that trend parallel to the coastal plain (Maher, 1971; Klitgord and Behrendt, 1979). These platforms and basins are syn-rift and post-rift, fault-controlled structural features associated with the separation of the North American and African continental landmasses (Klitgord and Behrendt, 1979; Ziegler, 1983). Basin subsidence occurred in conjunction with the extensional thinning and cooling of the rifted crust and the thick accumulation of terrigenous and marine sediments (Hallam, 1971; Falvey, 1974; Bott, 1979; Steckler and Watts, 1985). On the basis of the available geologic and geophysical data it appears that the entire Atlantic continental margin, from the Scotian shelf off the Canadian Maritime Provinces to the Southeast Georgia Embayment-Blake Plateau Basin, has undergone a similar tectonic and depositional evolution. References to apparent similarites in structure and lithology among the three areas studied and the Scotian shelf are made by Adinolfi and Jacobson (1979), Judkins and others (1980); Grow (1980); Scholle and Wenkam (1982); Poag and Valentine (1985); Libby-French (1983); Maher (1971); Emery and Uchaupi (1972); and Ziegler (1983). COST wells and petroleum exploration wells used in this study were drilled in three of the major structural basins in the Atlantic continental margin: The Georges Bank basin offshore from Massachusetts, the Baltimore Canyon Trough offshore from New Jersey and the Southeast Georgia Embayment offshore from Georgia and northern Florida. These wells were generally located on the outer continental shelf, within 70 km of the shelf-slope break, but in a few cases the wells were drilled on the continental slope itself (see Figure 4). Wells in all three basins penetrated sedimentary strata consisting of unconsolidated to poorly consolidated Tertiary coarse sands, gravels and soft clay overlying poorly consolidated to well indurated Cretaceous and Jurassic interbedded siltstone, sandstone, and shale, limestone, dolomite and evaporite deposits (Scholle and Wenkam, 1982; Scholle, 1977, 1979 and 1980). Table A-2 correlates lithology with type of well-bore elongation for selected wells in each of the three basins. Basement rock was drilled in two of the basins, Paleozoic rocks in the Georges Bank Basin and igneous intrusives and metamorphic rock in the southeast Georgian Embayment. Paleozoic basement was not reached in the Baltimore Canyon Trough (Scholle, 1979, 1977, 1980; and Scholle and Wenkam, 1982). Depositional environments of the rocks drilled in these three basins varied from nonmarine and restricted marine inner shelf to outer shelf open marine, slope and deep water pelagic (Poag and Valentine, 1985). The identification and correlation of certain strati graphic units and Figure 1. Eastern U.S. Atlantic continental margin. Study areas are hachured. Location of figures 2, 1, and 6 shown by boxes. Base modif


Abstract Recent developments of the PTB in high precision position and size metrology as support for different nanotechnology applications are described. Measurement uncertainties of 1–2 nm for 1D-position of graduation lines on photomasks, or on line scales and incremental encoders of about 300 mm length have been achieved. The measurement of the size of nanoscale features represents additional challenges, because the location of opposite feature edges needs to be precisely determined. Different feature size or CD metrology techniques are applied at PTB, including a recent approach which uses transmission electron microscopy in the traceability chain of AFM CD measurements. The estimated uncertainty for CD measurements on high quality Si line structures is U95% = 1.6 nm.


Internal resorption (IR) is a progressive process initiated within the pulp space with the loss of dentin. Although trauma and pulp inflammation/infection are the major contributory factors in the initiation of IR, all the etiologic factors and the pathogenesis have not yet been completely elucidated. Cervical external resorption is defined as a localized resorptive process that commences on the surface of the root below the epithelial attachment and the coronal aspect of the supporting alveolar process, namely, the zone of the connective tissue attachment. This report is presented two cases of root resorption (external cervical resorption and inflammatory IR) in traumatized teeth where cone beam computed tomography has been used as an important diagnostic tool. Treatment of external cervical resorption involved endodontics and periodontics. In case with inflammatory IR, only endodontic treatment was necessary. The postoperative course was uneventful and a stable clinical outcome was obtained.


A cruise to collect information on the processes affecting phytoplankton production and distribution during summer along a shelf-slope section off the Washington coast, and to gain information on the settling rate of organic matter in the sea, was successfully completed in August 1977. This report contains a brief synopsis of the cruise (TT-122) aboard the R/V THOMAS G. THOMPSON.


Annual secondary production was determined for two subtropical populations of the prosobranch snails Viviparus subpurpureus (Say) and Campeloma decisum (Say). The two large, live-bearing detritivores were sampled from the littoral zone of a detritus rich, low gradient, alluvial plain stream in southern Louisiana. Production was estimated using the size-frequency method in two ways: (1) directly from sampling data and (2) using regression analyses to estimate the density of individuals in underrepresented size classes. Both methods included production of embryos. Annual standing stocks differed significantly between species (p < 0.025) and were relatively high at 16.0 g dry mass/m2 for V. subpurpureus and 8.5 g dry mass/m2 for C. decisum. Including under-represented size classes did not change mean annual biomass estimates for V. subpurpureus but did increase values for C. decisum from 8.5 to 10.2 g dry mass/m2. The species also differed significantly in annual production (p < 0.05), with the magnitude of difference depending on the calculation method employed. Based on uncorrected sampling data, V. subpurpureus had a productivity of 35.7 g dry mass m-2 yr-1; with corrected data, productivity was 45.6 g dry mass m-2 yr-1. For C. decisum, productivity was 15.4 g dry mass m-2 yr-1 (uncorrected data) or 22.9 g dry mass m-2 yr-1 (corrected). Regardless of the calculation used, these results are still among the highest single-species production estimates reported for lotic macroinvertebrates.


Some reforms of analytical chemistry experiments of traditional Chinese pharmacology specialty were introduced,which included increasing the instruction of the basic knowledge of analytical chemistry experiment,the increase of designing experiment and the combination of these items and the specialty,and the evaluation mechanisms were also taken into account to promote motivation of students.The practice proved that the reforms compensated some shortages of traditional experiment teaching model and obtained preferable effects.


In this paper, we propose a model of discrete time dynamic congestion games with atomic players. This approach allows to give a precise description of the dynamics induced by the individual strategies of players and to study how the steady state is reached, either when players act selfishly, or when the traffic is controlled by a planner. We model also seasonalities by assuming that departure flows fluctuate periodically with time. We focus mostly on simple networks and give closed form formulas for the longrun equilibrium and optimal latencies, as functions of the seasonality. We then derive computations and bounds on the price of anarchy. We also characterize optimal and equilibrium flows and show that, although they produce different costs, they coincide from some time onwards.


DROPSY in patients is always a serious symptom, but it is not the accumulation of water only that is productive of bad results. Accumulation of the waste products of the body is always injurious, and may be fatal, so that their removal is one of the most important problems in therapeutics. The kidneys are by no means the only channel, but they form the most important channel, for the elimination of solid waste as well as of water, and the regulation of their action is most important to the physician. It is almost impossible to understand the diuretic action of medicines unless one has a fairly clear understanding of the mechanism of the secretion in the kidney, and on, comparing the accounts of this as given even in recent text-books, it seems to me that a good many of them are imperfect, and that the earlier work on the subject has not received the consideration it ought. I should not have thought of bringing the subject before the Section to-day had it not been that in looking up a number of recent works I find that there is a good deal of uncertainty in the statements regarding the secretion of urine, and that in the Croonian Lecture of last year, given before the Royal Society, Professor Brodie muakes the sweeping statement that all recent work " has proved conclusively that Ludwig's explanation of the glomerular function-viz., that it is a filtering mechanism-is incorrect."1 A lecture given under such auspices


Background: Acute renal failure (ARF) requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a devastating complication post cardiac surgery, with an estimated incidence of 2-15% and is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Aims of the Study: To determine the incidence, main risk factors, and in-hospital morbidity and mortality rate for patients who developed acute renal failure post cardiac surgery and who had normal renal profile preoperatively. Methods: A retrospective, comparative case-control study was implemented between January 01, 2007 and June 30, 2008. A total of 680 consecutive adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at the King Faisal Heart Institute (KFHI) were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 42 patients (6%) were identified as having renal impairment after cardiac surgery. However, only 29 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study, since 13 patients had pre-operative renal impairment and hence, were excluded from any subsequent analysis. As a control group, we randomly selected 51 patients who did not develop renal failure after cardiac surgery. Results: Twenty-two patients (75.9%) in the study group underwent elective surgery. Valve surgery was the most common procedure in both groups (12, 41% for the study group and 28, 54.9% for the control group). CABG surgery was performed in 9 patients (31%) in the study group compared with 18 patients (35.3%) in the control group; valve surgery plus CABG was performed in 5 patients (17.2%) in the study group compared with one patient (2%) in the control group. In the study group the incidence of acute ARF after cardiac surgery was 4.3% (29/680). Of those, 25 out of 29 patients required continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) after surgery due to persistent oliguria, metabolic acidosis, hypervolemia, and hyperkalemia that did not respond to other forms of therapy. The in-hospital mortality was high 69% (20 patients died out of 29). Preoperative variables that were significantly associated with ARF were advanced age, history of congestive Correspondence to: Dr. Ahmed Abd El-Razek Osman, The Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. heart failure with low ejection fraction, high Euro Score, and high normal pre-operative serum creatinine level. Significant operative and post-operative variables associated with development of postoperative ARF were emergency surgery, the use of Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time (CPB) and cross clamping time, hemodynamic complications (low cardiac output, hypoperfusion with requirement for inotropic support and/or vasopressors), development of systemic sepsis, post-operative bleeding, and prolonged ventilation. Conclusions: The development of ARF after cardiac surgery is associated with high mortality. Preoperative risk factors associated with postoperative development of ARF include advanced age, history of congestive heart failure with low ejection fraction, high EuroScore, and high normal preoperative serum creatinine. The operative and post-operative risk factors include emergency surgery, the use of IABP, prolonged CPB and cross clamping time, hemodynamic complications (low cardiac output, hypoperfusion), development of systemic sepsis, postoperative bleeding, and prolonged ventilation. Preventive measures can be planned ahead in order to achieve better results, diminish these complications, reduce mortality, save hospital costs and decrease total hospital stay.


Carissa lanceolata (conkerberry) is a perennial woody shrub used in traditional medicine by indigenous communities in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland for various medical conditions such as toothache, respiratory infections and the cleaning of sores, which all strongly indicate an antibacterial activity. A literature review revealed that the wood of this plant possesses significant antibacterial activity, which was found to be related to the presence of eudesmane type sesquiterpenes. C. edulis and C. carandus are frequently used in other traditional systems of medicine in different parts of the world, and thus have also been investigated for bioactive compounds and pharmacological properties. Some of these were found to be in line with the main findings of this work. Carissa lanceolata root was shown to exhibit significant antibacterial activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive organisms. A micro-broth dilution assay was performed on 96-well plates using resazurin as an indicator for microbial growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Bioassays carried out in this work showed that crude extracts of root bark and wood, particularly their polar constituents were more active against the four strains of bacteria tested. Chemical investigation of the root bark revealed that it contains a volatile oil, which was isolated by steam distillation as well as solid phase micro extraction. It was found to consist of a single compound, which was identified as 2'-hydroxy acetophenone. The identity of this compound was confirmed by GC/MS and H NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the eudesmane-type sesquiterpene, carissone, was isolated from the root bark DCM and root wood hexane extracts. Its chemical identity was confirmed by IR, H and C NMR spectroscopy. The lignan, carinol, on the other hand, was isolated from the moderately polar fractions of the root wood MeOH extract. The obtained IR and H NMR data as well as Rf values all correspond to the literature. Two other yet unidentified compounds were isolated, but further studies into their chemistry and antibacterial activity were not possible in this current study. The antibacterial activity of the isolated compounds was considerable, with 2'-hydroxy acetophenone exhibiting the strongest effect, followed by carinol and then carissone.


Introduction The purpose of this study was to assess the landscape of parathyroid carcinoma research during the last 22 years using machine learning and text analysis. Method In November 2021, we obtained from PubMed all works indexed under the mesh subject line "parathyroid carcinoma". The entire set of search results was retrieved in XML format, and metadata such as title, abstract, keywords, mesh words, and year of publication were extracted for bibliometric evaluation from the original XML files. To increase the specificity of the investigation, the Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling method was applied. Results The paper analyzed 3578 papers. The volume of literature related to parathyroid cancer has been relatively flat over the past 22 years. In the field of parathyroid cancer research, the most important topic of clinical interest is the differential diagnosis. Ultrasound and MIBI are the most commonly used imaging methods for localization. In terms of basic research, the mechanisms of gene mutation and local tumor recurrence are the focus of interest. Conclusion There are huge unmet research needs for parathyroid carcinoma. Improving the diagnosis rates of parathyroid cancer by clinicians and establishing new and reliable molecular pathological markers and new image localization techniques will continue to be the focus of future research.


The manager of engineering has the responsibility for assuring optimum utilization of all facilities. The concept of peripheral professional problems points out the many areas of interest to which the manager's attention must be directed.


The lifting of a stacking fault in the (7 × 7) dimer adatom stacking-fault (DAS) structure, which is pivotal to the homo- and heteroepitaxial growth processes on Si(111), is studied by Monte Carlo ...


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: use: to reduce volume required to accommodate electronic components. Essence of invention lies in fact that multicrystalline cased device comprises cast layer having first surface and second surface opposite to first surface, one or more first electrical components, each of said first electrical components having solder terminal oriented to the first surface of cast layer, one or more second electrical components, where each of these components has second type terminal oriented to second surface of cast layer. EFFECT: technical result is providing possibility of reducing volume required for placement of electronic components. 25 cl, 5 dwg


In last five years, most of scientists and researchers have looked for new energy sources as a special innovation in the field of renewable energy. Water cell or hydroelectric power cell is the new innovation in this field of the green energy, and it can replace the carbon intensive energy, as a result it will challenge the global warming emissions. Water cell gives electricity when it immerses in water. Three samples of water cells were produced in this project, and these electrodes samples are Zn-Al, Zn-Cu, and Al-Cu cells. The thickness of each metal sheet is 0.3mm with 30 holes of 2mm diameter distributed uniformly area on 5∗5 cm2 metal sheets. The distance between the electrodes were (2 different metal sheets) is about t=2 mm. Pasty pellets of PMMA and carbon powder (1W/1W) % by weight set up inside the cell and sandwiched between the electrodes. The Al-Zn and Al-Cu cells were tested in 600 ml of deionized water, drinking water and 1 Molar NaCl solution. Zn-Cu cell was the main cell in this project depending on its results, and it was tested in 600 ml of deionized water, drinking water, 1 Molar NaCl solution, 1 Molar HCL solution, and 1 Molar NaOH solution to test the performance of the cell in different environments and conditions. All the currents, voltages, and powers were recorded. The maximum power gain from the Zn-Cu cell in deionized water, drinking water, 1 molar(M) NaCl, 1M HCL acid and 1M NaOH solution were (0.246mW), (1.7mW), (2.7mW), (57mW) and (70mW) respectively. The test of Al-Cu cell reflects the following results in deionized water, drinking water and 1M NaCl were (0.125mW), (0.5mW) and (3.5mW) respectively. The same test of the Al-Zn cell shows the following results: deionized water, drinking water and 1M NaCl were (0.002mW), (0.12mW), and (0.125mW) respectively.


Every year, more than 1.6 million lives are lost as a result of some form of human violence in the world. Violence is among the leading causes of death for people 15 to 44 years of age worldwide, with 14% of these deaths occurring among men and 4% among women. These are just some of the worldwide violence statistics that influenced the World Health Assembly at their 1996 meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, to adopt a resolution declaring violence as a leading public health problem worldwide (World Health Organization, 2002). One form of violence that raises much concern worldwide and at the national level is intimate partner violence. Violence against intimate partners occurs in all countries with much cultural variation for its tolerance. Worldwide, the majority of intimate partner violence occurs in women at the hands of men. It is estimated that 10% to 69% of women around the world report some form of intimate male partner violence. With such alarming epidemiological data, the focus of intimate partner violence has been on the female victim, much to the neglect of the male victim of intimate partner violence (World Health Organization, 2002). The latest information from the U.S. Department of Justice/Bureau of Justice Statistics indicates that while intimate partner violence against women is more often reported than is intimate partner violence against men, it is still a significant public health problem. The Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Fact Sheet developed by the Department of Justice indicates that 834,700 men are raped and/or physically assaulted by an intimate partner each year. In the year 2001, men constituted the largest majority of murder/homicide victims in the United States. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Uniform Crime Reports, in the year 2001, there were 10,503 men murdered in the United States, whereas there were 3,214 women murdered. These numbers indicate that 76% of all murder victims documented by the FBI in the year 2001 were men. Furthermore, the report indicates that of all the men killed, 9,371 were older than the age of 18. The alarming statistics regarding violence against men in the United States should be a call to action for all of us working to address the problem of violence in society. It is clear that men are not just the perpetrators of violence, as is often constructed in social-psychological discourse, but they are also disproportionately the victims of brutal violence and murder when compared to females, and they experience intimate partner violence at a rate that is all too high. Society's social construction of men and violence primarily renders men invisible as victims but emphasizes the fact that men are more often the perpetrators of violence than are women. This social construction has neglected to recognize men as legitimate victims of violence at the hands of women and other same-sex partners. Society's narrow focus on men as victims of intimate partner violence has primarily emphasized same-sex intimate partner violence to the exclusive


This paper aims at improving the excitation control system for the doubly fed induction generator-based wind farm (WF). The proposed decentralized coordinated neural control is consisted of two controllers, i.e., a multiple model predictive controller (MPC) and an artificial neural network (ANN) controller. The MPC is based on the interaction measurement model and designed to guarantee the performance of system-wide optimization around the chosen operating points, while the ANN controller is used to calculate the weights of MPC controllers and trained to guarantee the control performance over the full operating region. The proposed control strategy allows to reduce the computational cost, and at the same time to take advantage of the distributed nature of the power system. Moreover, a simple, generic hybrid power system is used to demonstrate transient stability contributions. The problems of large-scale WF integration and its impact on transient stabilities of power systems are discussed through the eige...


Inflammasomes are macromolecular complexes formed in response to pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that drive maturation of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18, and cleave gasdermin D (GSDMD) for induction of pyroptosis. Inflammasomes are highly important in protecting the host from various microbial pathogens and sterile insults. Inflammasome pathways are strictly regulated at both transcriptional and post‐translational checkpoints. When these checkpoints are not properly imposed, undue inflammasome activation may promote inflammatory, metabolic and oncogenic processes that give rise to autoinflammatory, autoimmune, metabolic and malignant diseases. In addition to clinically approved IL‐1‐targeted biologics, upstream targeting of inflammasome pathways recently gained interest as a novel pharmacological strategy for selectively modulating inflammasome activation in pathological conditions.


Abstract High resolution spectra of the extremely metal-poor star HD 52961 are investigated. The atmospheric parameters found are: Teff = 6000 ± 100 K, log g = 0.5±0.5, ξt = 6.8 km s−1, [Fe/H] = −4.50±0.20. The carbon abundance is close to the solar one, [C/H] = −0.17±0.12. At the same time abundances of heavy refractory elements are very low. The chemical composition and atmospheric parameters have not changed compared to the first observations of the star about 20 years ago, contrary to expectation of dissolving the peculiarities by mass-loss during a relatively short time. We also find evidence of ongoing mass-loss in this post-AGB star with a rate of Ṁ ≈ 5 · 10−6M⊙ yr−1.


Responsible stakeholder management in a global supply chain : the use of a corporate code of ethics in audit processes


Currently, the polysemic concept of Open Access is broad enough to encompass different meanings, paths, principles and outcomes. In that spectrum, there are approaches more in favor of values such as equity, inclusion, democratization and participation. On the contrary, some others reproduce schemes of epistemic injustice and structural exclusion. In Latin America, scholarly communication has taken science as a public good. This model is collectively sustained and it provides universal benefit. Conversely, the Open Access business models offered by the commercial sector of scientific journals perpetuate exclusion, since they continue to be based on the paradigm of commodification of science. Both, access and knowledge generation are compromised when knowledge is privatized and commoditized. It is important to reflect on the evolution of the Open Access movement, its effects, the beneficiaries and the excluded. Latin America is proud to showcase an academy-owned publishing paradigm which is worthy to be understood, recognized and strengthened, and that is particularly beneficial for the Global South.


Construction, preservation, maintenance, and renewal of sustainable and resilient civil structures and infrastructure represent important challenges for a 21st-century society. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a novel approach which can successfully assist in meeting these challenges by providing actionable, quasi-real-time information regarding structural performance and health condition. Fibre Optic Sensors (FOS) have been deployed in SHM applications since the 1990's, and besides proven long-term performance, they also offer two unprecedented sensor types for practical applications in strain-based SHM: long-gauge stain sensors and truly distributed strain sensors. These FOS enable two paradigm-changing SHM approaches, respectively: global structural monitoring and integrity monitoring. The aim of this paper is to briefly summarize physical principles of FOS, present commercially available long-gauge and distributed FOS, introduce theory behind structural monitoring and integrity monitoring enabled by FOS, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the approaches through real-life application on the Streicker Bridge.


The reductive perturbation theories used by physicists typically fall into two classes: adiabatic elimination of strongly damped variables in dissipative systems, or averaging over fast oscillations in finite dimensional Hamiltonian systems. Our interest here is a third class which in a peculiar way combines aspects of both methods; this is the development of reduced descriptions for instabilities in nearly ideal fluids and plasmas. Near the ideal limit, the dissipative method is of no use. Moreover, because ideal fluids and plasmas are infinite dimensional Hamiltonian systems, there is a continuum of modal frequencies with no obvious time-scale separation that can be exploited to obtain simplifications. Yet simultaneously there is a peculiar form of (apparent) dissipation—Landau damping in plasmas and Orr-Kelvin decay in fluids. There are the essential physical ingredients which must be retained in any respectable approximation. As a concrete example exemplifying the difficulties outlined above, we derive a reduced model of weakly nonlinear disturbances on marginally stable, high Reynolds number shear flows. Long-wave theory is suggested because shear flows, such as that shown in Fig. 1, first become marginally unstable to disturbances with infinite scale in the streamwise direction [1]. More specifically, flows that have negative vorticity everywhere and contain an inflection point in the velocity profile can become unstable through k  0, where k is the streamwise sxd wave number. Weakly nonlinear descriptions are subtle developments of the linear theory. But for shear flows the underlying linear description presents difficulties associated with the "critical level" singularity where the disturbance travels locally with the speed of the ambient flow [2]. The singularity introduces some difficult mathematics in the expansion; this is symptomatic of the modal continuum. Fortunately, a combination of long-wave theory with matched asymptotic analysis (using a development of the techniques in [3]) saves the day. The expansion opens with a study of the linear stability of a basic state like that in Fig. 1; there is an inflection point at the center of the channel. This is the critical level of the marginally stable mode. In the bulk of the flow, the leading order solution is given by the marginal, linear eigenfunction. However, the modal amplitude, denoted bsx, td is undetermined. This is the first term of the


This article provides a short survey of contemporary notions that allow, in the framework of the social sciences and the humanities, for an analysis of the ways in which a speaking or acting subject manages a social interaction through the production of an appropriate self-image. It thus presents notions borrowed from various disciplines (presentation of self, impression management, corporate image, branding) in their connection to rhetorical ethos as defined in the classical tradition, and stresses in this context the specificity of language studies. The approach of argumentation in discourse to ethos is presented and partly illustrated in a sample of political autobiography (Segolene Royal's post electoral book).


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the leadership style (LS) and decision-making style (DMS) of Indian manufacturing executives, and to explore the association between the LS and DMS. Design/methodology/approach – For this study the sample was drawn from Indian manufacturing organisations' executives from both public and private sectors. The respondents were lower, middle and senior levels executives involved in leadership and decision-making functions. Correlation, regression and ANOVA were used to pursue the research questions. Findings – Indian manufacturing executives have shown highest rational and least avoidant in their DMSs. Transformational (TFM) leaders are found rational, while the transactional (TSL) leaders are observed to be rational and dependent. Laissez faire style has correlation with avoidant decision making and interactive dependent and avoidant styles. Research limitations/implications – The study is a cross sectional research with limitations of self-serving bias and com...


In view of problems existing in temporary gas engineering project field visa,such as casual visa,untimely visa,fake visa and overage visa and so on,it proposes specific solutions including selecting high-quality management personnel,establishing and improving engineering management system,identifying visa right scope,and establishing visa check system etc,with a view to improve the investment benefit of gas engineering project.


For the first time, the self-mode-locking regime was obtained in an all-fiber erbium laser with a cavity length of more than 1 km and a normal net cavity dispersion as large as 217 ps2. To construct this laser, only commercial telecommunication fibers and conventional fiber-optic elements were used. An original linear-ring cavity design with polarization instability compensation provides high reliability of the self-mode-locking regime and good frequency stability. The laser emits short (~5 ns) pulses with a record high energy (564.3 nJ) at a very low repetition rate (82.4 kHz) and a moderate pump power of 450 mW. Since no output saturation and no wave-breaking effects were observed at the available pump power, the pulse energy can be further augmented by increasing the pump power or (and) by lengthening the cavity. Such a laser can be used in LIDAR systems, telecommunications, and industry.


Inarguably, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has revolutionized the pathogen identification process in the clinical microbiology laboratory.….


We report on the measurement of inclusive charmless semileptonic B decays 𝐵 → 𝑋 𝑢 ℓ𝜈 . The analysis makes use of hadronic tagging and is performed on the full data set of the Belle experiment comprising 772 million 𝐵 ¯ 𝐵 pairs. In the proceedings, the preliminary results of measurements of partial branching fractions and the CKM matrix element | 𝑉 𝑢𝑏 | are presented.


Linda Christian-Smith's review of Masques of Morality: Females in Fiction is welcome and her commentary sensitive and helpful. There are aspects in which the author's intention and Christian-Smith's reading conform: there are others in which they diverge or differ. I explain what I was attempting in this text and a few ways in which readings and emphases other than Christian-Smith's might be possible, plausible, even preferable. Finally Christian-Smith's review raises the hope that feminism as manifest in the arts and in the social sciences complement each other as they move toward common goals.


Metamemory refers to knowledge and monitoring of our own memory. This evaluation can be measured by a judgment of learning (JOL), which is a subjective judgment regarding our confidence in whether a learned item will be remembered in the future. We examined the effects on people's judgments of learning of a different kind of relatedness, which occurs in a list organized into sets of categorically related words and unrelated words. Then, we investigated how metamemory is involved in memory strategy. Furthermore, we examined the hypothesis of neural mechanism that the frontal cortex is critically involved in monitoring and control processes, which are central components of metamemory. Participants were thirteen healthy Japanese adults, and were instructed to memorize a list of words consisted of four exemplars from each of four categories (categorical list condition) or a list of unrelated words (unrelated list condition). The JOLs were made immediately after each learning. During the words learning and JOLs, we also measured oxygenated hemoglobin changes [oxyHb] using the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The results showed that JOL would be more accurate in the categorical list condition compared with the unrelated list condition, and categorization in memory strategy would be more used in the categorical list condition rather than the unrelated list condition. The results of NIRS showed that [oxyHb] changes in dorsolatere prefrontal area were more increased in the categorical list condition rather than the unrelated list condition, while [oxyHb] changes in medial prefrontal area were more increased in the unrelated list condition rather than the categorical list condition. These findings demonstralte metamemory is involved in an efficient memory strategy and distinct neural mechanisms supporting metamemory processes. It suggests that dorsolateral prefrontal area plays an important role in cognitive control, while medial prefrontal area does it in cognitive monitoring.


A video processing method, a video processing device and a playing device are provided by embodiments of the present invention, wherein the method includes: obtaining editing operation on a currently played object video, and determining a video clip selected by the editing operation; and recording attribute information of the selected video clip so as to edit the object video. In the present invention, by determining the video clip on the object video and storing the information of the video clip, a user can compose video files according to the attribute information of the stored video clip without editing the video by special video edition software, and operation is simple.


The case here described was thought of sufficient importance to report because of the unusual bacteriology involved. W. L. B., a white man, aged 77, a widower, American, a houseman, entered the St. Louis City Hospital, Nov. 19, 1926, complaining that a mass, which had been present in the scrotum for many years, had flared up one week previous to admission to the hospital and was causing him considerable distress. The following history was elicited: Twenty-six years before the patient had noticed a painless swelling in the left side of the scrotal sac. He was at a loss to account for it. There had not been any recently aquired trauma but at the age of 14, thirty-seven years prior to the date which marked the beginning of the scrotal swelling, the patient fell astride a cross-bar, injuring the inguinal region and left testis. Apparently a quick and complete recovery followed this injury.


To introduce the structure and characteristic of special valve used in catalysis cracking equipment of oil refinery,as well as function in the equipment.point out basal; design condition and parameter area.To elucidate the probem noted in design and manufacture.


ABSTRACT Adult colouring books have become vastly popular in recent years, and have been successfully rebranded as a therapeutic tool for improving health and wellbeing. The aim of this study was to construct an authentic insider representation of the women's lived experiences of 'doing colouring'. This study adopted a qualitative interview strategy and reported on the narratives of 15 women's experiences of mindfulness colouring books. Doing colouring can achieve a distinctive form of mindfulness with therapeutic qualities. This process increased the capacity for concentration, awareness and regulation for the enhancement of spirituality and self-care practice. Spiritual meanings were attached to doing colouring, specifically spirituality as connectedness to oneself with perceived inner peace and calmness derived from the mindful meditative experience. Doing mindful colouring was identified as 'taking time' to practice self-reflection, self-awareness and self-care to promote physical, emotional and social wellbeing. The meanings and practices of mindfulness were examined to provide an explanatory framework for understanding doing colouring to achieve health benefits. This research contributes to the emerging literature on mindfulness colouring books, thus advancing our understanding of the diverse benefits contributing to the practitioners' sense of wellbeing.