Recall that the quadratic level of a ring A is the smallest integer s, or oo, such that -1 = a' + +a 2 has a solution with ai E A. This level, also called stufe, is an invariant used in the algebraic theory of quadratic forms [2]. Generalizing this definition, we let sr(A) be the smallest integer s such that -1 = aa2 + +aS has a solution with aE E A. Properties of the sequence s,. are investigated in [3], [4], and [5]. For a finite field F, the situation is simpler: we suppose the characteristic p is different from two and F = Fq, q = p'Z. The group F* is cyclic of order q 1 = 2hm,, where m' is odd: as -1 a(q-1)/2, S,.(F) = 1 for r h, a 2'-order power in F* is just a 2Ih-order power, that is exactly an odd order element of the group F*. So s,.(F) = sh2(F) for all r ? h and we denote this integer by s(F) and call it the generalized level of F. This analysis 'shows that s(F) is the smallest integer s such that 1 = b1 + ... + bs where bi is an element of odd order in F*. In [1], the authors prove that s(F) is two or three if q = p'l, n > 2, and they conjecture the true value is 2. For n = 1, it is not even known if s(F) is bounded; for IFp, p a Fermat prime, s(Fp) is p 1 and there are other p for which s(F) is bigger than 2 [1].


Introduction Molecular imaging has not been used to support the development of drugs for the treatment of pulmonary disorders. The aim of the present translational study was to advance quantitative pulmonary PET imaging by demonstrating occupancy of the reference asthma drug tiotropium at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR). Methods PET imaging was performed using the muscarinic radioligand [11C]VC-002. The key methodological step involved estimating muscarinic receptor binding while disentangling it from the background of non-specific binding. The relationship between tiotropium exposure and receptor occupancy (RO) was assessed in non-human primates (NHPs) after intravenous injection of tiotropium doses at a broad dose interval (0.03–1 µg/kg). The feasibility of measuring RO in the human lung was then confirmed in seven healthy human subjects after inhalation of a single therapeutic dose of tiotropium (18 µg). Results There was an evident effect of tiotropium on [11C]VC-002 binding to mAChRs in lungs in both NHPs and humans. In NHPs, RO was 11 to 78% and increased in a dose dependent manner. Non-displaceable binding in NHPs was about 10% of total binding. In humans, RO was 6%–65%, and non-displaceable binding was about 20% of total binding at baseline. Discussion The results demonstrate that [11C]VC-002 binds specifically to mAChRs in the lungs enabling the assessment of RO following administration of muscarinic antagonist drugs. Furthermore, the methodology has potential not only for dose finding and comparison of drug formulations in future applied studies, but also for evaluating changes in lung receptor distribution during disease or in response to therapy. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03097380.


In the paper, the model of the thermal and structural strain calculation in a steel element during single-pass SAW surfacing is presented. The temperature field is described analytically assuming a bimodal volumetric model of heat source and a semi-infinite body model of the surfaced (rebuilt) workpiece. The electric arc is treated physically as one heat source. Part of the heat is transferred by the direct impact of the electric arc, while another part of the heat is transferred to the weld by the melted material of the electrode. Kinetics of phase transformations during heating is limited by temperature values at the beginning and at the end of austenitic transformation, while the progress of phase transformations during cooling is determined on the basis of TTT-welding diagramand JMA-K law for diffusive transformations, and K-M law for martensitic transformation. Totalstrains equal to the sum ofthermaland structuralstrainsinduced by phasetransformationsin weldingcycle.


Determination of construction displacements and deformations are an important parameter in assessing the condition and safety of the construction in its exploitation. Also, we get confirmation whether a structure is consistent with project solutions. Constant development of surveying instruments enables to deal with more complex and demanding tasks that are facing engineering geodesy. Surveying instruments can measure, not only static and very slow displacements of the constructions, but also and faster (dynamic) displacements. In this paper, the possibilities of geodetic measuring instruments to determine the dynamic response of structures in exploitation, is presented. The instruments (GPS and Robotic total station) were used to measure dynamic response of main cable at the roof of the sports hall "Arena Zagreb" during an artificially induced excitation. Frequencies of main cable determined by GPS and robotic total station were compared to the frequencies determined by the accelerometer. The analysis and the results of comparison are presented in this paper.


This paper revisits the relationship between government budget deficits and interest rates in Greece. Contrary to the results of Vamvoukas (1997), the evidence I deduce from system estimations of error-correction models consistently denies any causal impact of the deficits on interest rates. Indeed, the high correlation observed between the two variables appears to the outcome of interest rates causing purposeful changes in the stance of fiscal policy. These findings stand up to numerous sensitivity tests and provide further support to the overwhelming evidence against the crowding-out hypothesis, [E6, H6]


Glutamine is the primary metabolic fuel of the small intestine. The ability of enteral glutamine to support jejunal architecture and metabolism is well established, but its effect on intestinal absorptive function, especially in the terminal ileum, remains undetermined. The purpose of this study was to develop a functional ileal fluid absorption surgical injury model and to determine if oral glutamine supplementation would be beneficial in accelerating healing and restoring function. The effects of either 1 cm resection and ileal end-to-end anastomosis or sham laparotomy on rat in vivo fluid absorption at study start (day 0), one and two days was investigated. In sham-operated rats, fluid absorption was not altered. In contrast, ileal fluid absorption was significantly reduced at days 0 (17.2±4.8 μL/cm/h) and 1 (31.4±13.6 μL/cm/h), but returned to normal by day 2 (71.0±6.2 μL/cm/h) in anastomosed rats. To examine the effects of glutamine in this model, rats were fed either glutamine (2.4 g/kg/day) or an isonitrogenous glycine-supplemented elemental oral diet for five days before their randomization to sham or anastomotic groups. This dose of glutamine reached the ileum and was completely absorbed along the small intestine. Glutamine-fed rats demonstrated no difference in recovery of in vivo ileal fluid absorption, ileal villus morphometric measurements, mg DNA:mg protein ratio, degree of inflammation or glutaminase activity. In contrast, jejunal, but not ileal, villus morphometry, mg DNA:mg protein ratio and glutaminase activity were increased in glutamine-fed 'not operated' rats (P<0.01), indicating that the jejunum, but not the ileum, responded to the glutamine-supplemented diet. These studies demonstrate that ileal resection and anastomosis causes transient impairments in in vivo fluid absorption, and oral glutamine supplementation offers a beneficial effect to jejunal, but not ileal, intestinal mucosa. These results suggest that the effects of oral glutamine may be limited to the proximal intestine.


Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is commonly employed in multiple domains to realize inexpensive and flexible material extrusion systems with thermoplastic materials. Among the several types of thermoplastic materials, polylactic acid (PLA), an environment-friendly bio-plastic, is commonly used for FFF for the sake of the safety of the manufacturing process. However, thermal degradation of three-dimensionally (3D)-printed PLA products is inevitable, and it is one of the failure mechanisms of thermoplastic products. The present study focuses on the thermal degradation of 3D-printed PLA specimens. A classification methodology using artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and was developed. Under the given experimental conditions, the ANN model could classify four levels of thermal degradation. Among the FTIR spectra recorded from 650 cm−1 to 4000 cm−1, the ANN model could suggest the best wavenumber ranges for classification.


N ABSTRACT. Both sexes and the nymph of Neopentura semifusca Illies, 1965 are described. The male is described for the first time. The nymph corresponds to the «Nymph A» tentatively described by Illies for Araucanioperla. The classification to subfamily level and the geographic distribution are discussed.


This paper reports the results of a study conducted to investigate strength, sorptivity and permeability under pressure of concrete specimens cured using a water based curing compound. The specimens are treated with waterproofing admixtures or surface treatments to enhance performance while exposed to water. Four types of concrete specimens were prepared in the laboratory: Portland cement (CEM I), Portland-fly ash (CEM II/A-V), Blastfurnace cement (CEM III) and Portland-silica fume (CEM II/A-D). Concrete cubes were demolded three hours after casting, and sprayed with a curing compound. Admixtures were added to the mix during batching, whereas surface treatments were applied on concrete after 28 days. Compressive strength test was carried out to assess efficiency of curing compound to develop required strength. In addition, absorptivity and permeability tests were conducted to evaluate performance of treated specimens with respect to water ingress.


Abstract One of the greatest applied psychologists of the post-war era, and one of the significant influences on psychological thought of the twentieth century, Donald Broadbent. died on 10 April 1993, aged 66. He was an active contributor to the cognitive revolution which started in the mid-1950s and was its major British participant. In subsequent decades he made a special contribution to the development of cognitive research by generating seminal theories and by devising ingenious experiments. He combined a love of theoretical rigour with a desire to understand behaviour in all its applied settings, For mast of his professional life he was a working scientist, but he was also an intellectual leader and a spiritual mentor for a generation of students and scholars. His devotion to public service was considerable, though largely unrecorded.


Early intervention in the lives of families and children is a central part of the prevention agenda. However, there is little consensus on the ways in which to do it, based on the framing of target populations, timing of intervention, extent of state involvement in family life, and evidence for the success of each intervention. To frame this analysis we ask: (1) Was there a distinctive 'window of opportunity' for the introduction of the troubled families programme in the UK? (2) How does each government socially construct target populations, and what is the effect on policy design? (3) To what extent has each government relied on local authorities and partnerships to deliver its national agenda, and what outcomes or practices have 'emerged' from local activity? To help answer these questions, we consider the meaning of 'families policy' to help understand who has responsibility for it, trace three main elements of their policy histories, and gauge the extent to which UK policy already represented divergence from the past and from Scottish policy.


Oil-in-water microemulsion phases stabilished by sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulphosuccinate (AOT) form in equilibrium with conjugate phases containing virtually pure oil when the concentration of added aqueous electrolyte (NaCl) is low. Using turbidity titrations, the molar ratio of alkane: AOT (=Ralkane) in the equilibrium microemulsion phase has been determined as a function of the NaCl and AOT concentrations, the chain length of the alkane component and the temperature. Increasing [NaCl], increasing [AOT], decreasing alkane chain length and decreasing temperature all cause the Ralkane value to increase. The aggregation numbers (Nagg) of the microemulsion particles have been determined using time-resolved fluorescence measurements of the intensity decays of solubilised pyrene. Nagg is found to depend on Ralkane, but is independent of the particle concentration. The variation of Nagg is consistent with the microemulsion droplets being spherical and monodisperse. The AOT monolayer is not penetrated by the solubilised alkane. The rate measurements indicate that the local viscosity of the dispersed alkane is tenfold higher in small droplets than its bulk value, but decreases to its bulk value as the droplet size increases.


Abstract : influence contraction of uterus characteristics with length of second period in BPS Sahabat Perempuan Gunung Anyar Surabaya . Contraction of uterus is the major physiological force during the delivery process of second period. Based on the results of preliminary studies, there is still mother who get pathological second period of childbirth. Intention of this research is to identity influence contraction of uterus characteristics with length of second period. Design this research use analytic with cohort method. The population is all of the mother who have the interpretation of labor on June 14 until July 9 and delivery at private practice midwife Sahabat Perempuan Gunung Anyar Surabaya, which amounts 30 respondents. Big of sample 28 respondents, were teken with probability sampling techniques, that is simple random sampling. Processing by editing, coding and tabulating. Variable independent is contraction of uterus characteristics and variable dependent is length of second period. Result of this research with test of chie-squares with significance level α = 0,05. Most respondents with contraction of uterus characteristics normally is (53,3 % ) only a small proportion who get pathological second period of childbirth (18,75 %). From got by statistical test result of ρ = 0,025 and ρ < α of meaning H1 accepted, it means there is correlation between contraction of uterus characteristics with length of second period at private practice midwife Sahabat Perempuan Gunung Anyar Surabaya. It can see from Odds Ratio (OR) is getting 7,8 (95 % CI : 1,47 – 41,21). Its means contraction of uterus characteristics more effective for  length of second period. This research conclusion that there more mother delivering have contraction of uterus characteristics normally, so more big chance mother delivering for felt with length of second period. Adviced to pregnant women to trying the contraction of uterus with pregnancy gymnastic, it can train the muscle strength of the stomach, hips, and other supporting muscle that are not rigid and well coordinated, so the contraction of uterus become normally.


Four SRHC short-leg shear wall and coupling beam joints and one reinforced high-strength concrete(RHC) short-leg shear wall and coupling beam joint were designed for the low cyclic loading test.The influences of hysteretic behavior,deformability and energy dissipation capacity on the main variable parameters of steel type,axial compression ratio and beam type were studied.Results indicate that the hysteretic hoops of SRHC short-leg shear wall and coupling beam joints are plump,bearing capacity,stiffness and seismic performance are higher than RHC short-leg shear wall and coupling beam joint.But ductility is less than three,ultimate story drift is less than 1/100,and equivalent viscous damping coefficients vary from 0.17 to 0.24.It shows that all specimens have poor ductility,poor anti-collapse capacity,and higher energy dissipation capacity.


Transient behaviour of co-current and countercurrent parallel flow three-fluid heat exchanger with all the three fluids unmixed, has been numerically investigated for perturbations provided in flow. Results are presented for step change in flow rate of all the three fluids. It has been found that the mean exit temperature is greatly affected due to variation in the flow rate and thereby affecting the rate of heat transfer among the three fluids.


Partisan voters who change their voting choice on election day account for a small proportion of the electorate, but play a decisive role in a close election. Paul Beck's (2002) social-support theory of partisan defection states that a voter who perceives support for a candidate of the opposite party from his or her communication network is likely to defect. This study examines Beck's theory in the context of data collected in Taiwan after the 2004 presidential election. This election was marked by competition between two camps, making it the first campaign in Taiwan's history that resembled a two-party system. Besides providing an empirical test of the theory, this article shows that Pan-Green Camp supporters are more volatile than Pan-Blue Camp supporters, and it identifies the major factors associated with this pattern.


demonstrates, a particular resonance for researchers in the field of penality. However, the clarity of this chapter makes it a basic introduction for teachers introducing students to the debate in any fields of contemporary social theory. The perfect text then? No, not quite. Despite, or maybe even because of, the comprehensiveness of the scope of Howe's review, there are some puzzling omissions. Ngaire Naffin's useful discussion about the social construction of female criminality (Female Crime: The Construction of Women in Criminology, Sydney, Allen and Unwin, 1987) is missing, whilst Kerry Carrington's challenge to 'the established female wisdom' about the sexualisation of female delinquency is relegated to a foot-


Four series of pyrophyllite disks produced in China were compressed under same average pressure of 1.44GPa by using the Bridgman type anvils.Measuring thickness of the disks before and after compressing,shear strength of the materials was investigated through the critical thickness hc.Experimental results correspond clearly with mechanical model proposed by M.Wakatsuki.


Background: In vitro evidence has suggested that increasing levels of norepinephrine (NE) can accelerate HIV replication; however, the importance in a clinical setting has not been tested. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if perceived stress as well as the stress hormones NE and cortisol would predict the response to starting a new protease inhibitor (PI) prospectively. Method: Perceived stress, urinary cortisol and norepinephrine, CD4 and viral load (VL) were measured in people with HIV before starting a new PI and six months later (an average of three months after starting the new PI) in order to determine CD4 and VL response to the PI. Results: Higher perceived stress significantly predicted lower effectiveness of the new PI in increasing CD4 and decreasing VL controlling for age, duration of new PI, baseline CD4/VL, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and gender / ethnic risk groups. Higher norepinephrine, but not cortisol, predicted worse VL response to PIs and, in fact, mediated the relationship between perceived stress and change in VL. Conclusion: Perceived stress and high norepinephrine levels are prospectively associated with a poorer response to starting a new PI. Assessing stress and norepinephrine levels in patients starting on antiretroviral medications might be clinically useful.


The crystal structures of square-planar transition-metal complexes from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) with close contacts between planar chelate rings and aryl rings containing six carbon atoms (C6-aryl) were analyzed. Most of the chelate rings in these structures are fused with aromatic or other π-delocalized chelate rings. The results show that planar chelate rings can be involved in stacking and CH–π interactions with organic aryl rings. However, the number of stacking interactions is a few times larger than the number of CH–π interactions. The analysis also shows that in almost all cases CH–π interactions are formed only when stacking interactions are prevented by voluminous substituents. Hence, between planar chelate rings and C6-aryl rings stacking interactions are preferred to CH–π interactions.


Let F be either a field of char 0 with all roots of unity or a field of char p > 0. Let G be a countable group. Then all simple NIG]-modules are injective if and only if G is locally finite with no elements of order char F and G has an abelian subgroup of finite index. The condition that all simple modules over a ring be injective first appeared in a theorem due to Kaplansky: a commutative ring satisfies the condition if and only if it is von Neumann regular. Several people have studied the property for noncommutative rings, a recent example being [3]. The authors of that paper suggest the problem of characterizing group algebras with this condition. In this paper we make substantial progress by offering Theorem 3. Let F be either a field of char 0 with all roots of unity or a field of char p > 0. Let G be a countable group. Then all simple FtG]-modules are injective if and only if G is locally finite with no elements of order char F and G has an abelian subgroup of finite index. The proof is divided into three parts. In ? 1, we show that F is injective as an 14G]-module if and only if G is locally finite with no elements of order char F. In the second and crucial section, we show that for a certain class of rings ("locally Wedderburn algebras") the condition that all simple modules are injective is equivalent to the property that all simple modules are finite dimensional over their commuting rings. In -?3, we prove the main theorem by showing that if all simple modules are finite dimensional over their commuting rings then G is abelianby-finite. We would like to thank D.S. Passman for suggestions that shortened and improved our work. 1. Results of Villamayor. Most of this section can be gleaned from several of Villamayor's papers. However, the statements and proofs that appear here are new. The field F is a right 14G]-module under the trivial action (i.e. if k E F, then k * a = k(a)e where E is the augmentation map). We characterize those G with F being 14G]-injective. By considering maps from ideals of FtH] to F, the reader can casily prove Received by the editors February 5, 1973. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 16A26, 20C05; Secondary 16A52, 16A64.


Genome graphs are emerging as an important novel approach to the analysis of high-throughput human sequencing data. By explicitly representing genetic variants and alternative haplotypes in a mappable data structure, they can enable the improved analysis of structurally variable and hyperpolymorphic regions of the genome. In most existing approaches, graphs are constructed from variant call sets derived from short-read sequencing. As long-read sequencing becomes more cost-effective and enables assembly for increasing numbers of de novo whole genomes, a method for the direct construction of a genome graph from sets of assembled human genomes would be desirable. Such assembly-based genome graphs would encompass the wide spectrum of genetic variation accessible to long-read-based assembly, de novo including large structural variants and divergent haplotypes. Here we present NovoGraph, a method for the construction of a human genome graph directly from a set of assemblies. NovoGraph de novo constructs a genome-wide multiple sequence alignment of all input contigs and mapping against the constructed graph reduces the average mismatch rate of reads from sample NA12878 by approximately 0.2%, albeit at a slightly increased rate of reads that remain unmapped. is in the which we cite preprints is in accordance with F1000Research rules. - We have added a paragraph to the Conclusion in which we discuss the limitations of NovoGraph w.r.t. events breaking co-linearity (inversions, translocations, etc.). The current state of the art (in human genetics) is that these limitations are shared by the downstream inference methods we are targeting with NovoGraph; addressing these limitations would be very important, but beyond the scope of what NovoGraphis trying to achieve. - We have experimented with figures that combine within- alignment entry and exit points with an illustration of the overall scoring approach, but found them to become less clear as a result of the combination. In this revision we therefore kept the approach of illustrating the general scoring and within-alignment entry/exit points in separate figures. A typo in Figure 5 has been corrected. See referee reports The authors present NovoGraph a method to build up a genome graph from whole-genome alignments between reference genome and de novo assemblies. Instead of building up a genome graph similar to an assembly graph, the genomes are assembled separately and then integrated into a graph based on reference-based whole-genome alignments. Practical application of NovoGraph is shown with a genome graph build up from seven human genome assemblies. The tool targets a practical problem filling a gap in a workflow with otherwise existing software. I would consider this idea as broadly useful and applicable in special cases. A main critic for this work would be its lack of scalability and flexibility (addition/removal of genomes) which might limit its applicability. The manuscript is well and clearly written. should


A system of two-phase particles (Fe3O4 – Fe3-xTixO4) has been obtained using the sol-gel method followed by hydrothermal treatment. It is shown that the synthesis conditions favor forming composites that contain titanomagnetite in very low concentration. A theoretical analysis of the magnetic properties of system was performed using the model of clusters consisting of magnetostatically interacting particles. The theoretical value of the saturation magnetization and the experimental values of the coercive force can be explained by the presence of two different magnetic phases.


To date most validation techniques are highly biased towards calculations involving symbolic representations of problems. These calculations are either formal (in the case of consistency and completeness checks), or informal in the case of code inspections. We believe that an essential type of "evidence" of the correctness of the formalization process must be provided by (i. e., must originate from) human-based calculation. We further believe that human calculation can be significantly amplijied by shifiing from symbolic TepTesentations to gTaphical representation-s. This papeT describes our preliminary efiorts in nxdizing such a representational shift.


Seawater desalination is one of the major energy intensive sectors. Most of the contemporary seawater desalination technologies require abundant amount of high value energy sources like electric energy and higher amount of specific thermal energy. Even the economics of scale of production are not being able to justify their applicability from both energy and economics standpoints with the contemporary seawater desalination technologies. Based on the driving force principle of trans-membrane vapor pressure difference created by maintaining hot and cold side separated with hydrophobic membrane, seawater desalination with membrane distillation (MD) has been a potential technology at research and semi commercialized level for years. The technology is primarily recognized as low temperature thermal energy intensive. The Middle East countries are known as region with intensive solar radiation and fossil fuel reserves. However, the region is highly deprived of natural drinking water. The electric power generation on the entire region is primarily based on packaged gas turbine units that are having very low level of electrical efficiency releasing the huge amount of energy in terms of exhaust heat to the environment. The research therefore focuses on economic and technical feasibility study of MD technology with energy input from recovered energy from gas turbine exhaust. The research involves the MD system modeling and thermodynamic assessment of heat recovery components for pilot plant. The major components of the system are modeled with Engineering Equation Solver software and results are up-scaled for pilot plant design and economics of scale analysis. The research reveals that the technology is highly feasible in co-generation or combined cycle mode of gas turbine operation.


This is a technical report about an idea for research in the intersection of active nets, cognitive radio and power laws of network topologies.


Objective: This paper identifies external factors that influence the motivation of counselors responsible for providing voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) in eight government health facilities in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. This qualitative analysis explores the affect of extrinsic, institutional-level factors on counselor motivation. The specific factors examined include opportunities for additional training and career development, scope of practice, compensation, supervision and management support, relationships with clients, and relationships with other healthcare workers. Study Design and Methods: Twenty-two in-depth qualitative interviews with VCT counselors and their supervisors were coded and analyzed. Respondents included 12 community counselors, four other VCT counselors and six supervisors. This analysis is part of the larger Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing Integrated with Contraceptive Services (VICS) study, a proof-of-concept study designed to evaluate the feasibility of integrating family planning services with VCT. Results: Qualitative interview respondents reported diminished motivation due to lack of additional training and opportunities for promotion; limited scope of practice, particularly with regard to the provision of injectable contraceptives; and low salaries. While supervision structures such as performance targets were not significant motivators, perceived lack of management support was a source of frustration among counselors. Relationships with clients and other healthcare providers in some cases strengthened and in other cases weakened counselors' investment in their work. Program and Policy Implications: The long-term success of task shifting requires that workers with limited training be given adequate management support, compensation, and training and advancement opportunities. Regulations must be revised to empower lower-level cadres of workers to perform appropriate tasks that will improve the efficiency and quality of their work, such as the provision of injectable contraceptives.


The notion of embodiment in cognitive science is being reinforced due to the limitation and trouble of computational metaphor in cognition since the 80s of last century.Embodiment,situatedness and enaction have merged into each other comqrehensively in cognitive science.The embodied cognition holds that cognition is not a transcendental logical competence,but a continuous evolutionary process of situatedness;That the body is at the core of cognition originates from the fact that bodily actions itself reveals the existential intentionality to impulse cognitive development.The internalization theory by Piajet Vygotsky,the metaphorical mapping theory by Lakoff Johnson have shed light on how the bodily actions is proceeding toward cognition in higher level.At present,benefitting from the dynamic system theory,the research of neural modeling of embodied cognition is developing vigorously.Thus,a more stereographic view of cognition has come into being.


In this study, the authors examine the use of smart phones for self-broadcasting among college students based on motivation and network externalities theories. The authors propose that smartphones have changed telephones from a point-to-point interpersonal medium to a broadcast medium for individuals to disseminate information to their networks through the use of social media. The authors hypothesized that the more friends and followers a student has on Facebook and Twitter respectively, the more likely the student will use friends and followers as self-broadcasting mediums from their smartphones. The hypothesis was supported based on survey data collected at a public university. The study also discusses the social implications of using smartphones as a broadcast and self-promotion medium.


The writer describes the geology of the structure upon which the Larremore oil field is located. This field is also known as the Jolly or Roxana field, as the discovery well was drilled on the A. W. Jolly farm, C. Crenshaw Survey, by the Roxana (now Shell) Petroleum Corporation. The oil is obtained from the Edwards limestone encountered at a depth of approximately 1,285 feet. This is the second Edwards limestone field discovered in the United States.


This unit outline for the new VCE Geography course provides a wide range of ideas for addressing the key questions.


This book provides a systematic presentation of the state of the art in the invariant modeling of fully developed turbulent flows of multicomponent, chemically reacting gases and its application to upper planetary atmospheres. Special empha-sis is placed on the interference of chemical kinetics and turbulent mixing, and on the development of a method for calculating turbulent exchange coefficients for stratified shear flows in a semiempirical way based on evolution transport equations for the second moments of pulsed thermohydrody-namic parameters. The natural-medium multicomponent turbulence models developed by the authors are illustrated with calculating examples describing kinetic and heat-and-mass-transfer processes in upper planetary atmospheres.


Comprising 50-99wt% nanoscale pigment and 1-50wt% low molecular weight polysulfonated hydrocarbons, especially a mixture of an organic pigment nano naphthalene mono- or disulfonic acid formaldehyde polymer, and as a direct pigmentary grade for the preparation of organic pigments particle growth and crystal phase directing agent or use of the pigment in the processing.


In order to evaluation of different seed rates on yield components, seed and oil yields of soybean varieties, an experiment was laid out in split-plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications at Dashtenaz region of Mazandaran province in 2013. Main plot was seed rates including 55, 70 and 85 kg.ha -1 and sub sub plots were six soybean cultivars including Sari (JK), Telar (BP), Caspian (033), Nekador(032), Katul(DPX) and Sehar(Pershing). Results showed that seed rates had significant effects on all the traits except seeds per pod. The varieties were different for all the traits. Non-significant interaction effects of seed rates and cultivars for most of the traits indicating that variations of the traits of each cultivar had similar trend in different seed rates. The varieties including Sari and Nekador with high mean values of seed number had high mean values of seed yield. Average seed yield of the genotypes for 55, 70 and 85 kg.ha -1 were 2999, 3246 and 2700 kg.ha -1 , respectively. Among the genotypes, the cultivar of Nekador performs a better the highest seed yield due to its seed yield components. The seed yield amount of this value in three seed levels in 55, 70, and 85 kg/ha are respectively 3766, 3643, and 3496 kg/ha which its value was in the same class for 55 and 70 kg/ha seed rates. Seed rates had not significant effects on days to maturity. Sahar and Katul with 135.3 and 156.9 days to maturity, respectively which were considered as early and late maturity genotypes. Significant positive correlation of seed yield with the characteristics including pods per plant and 1000-seed weight, indicating the important role of these two yield components for seed yield increasing.


Magnetic garnet films of (YSmLuCa)(FeGe)5/O12/ have been grown by the liquid phase eqitaxy method on the substrate of non-magnetic garnet GdGa5/O12/. The variation of Sm ion concentration were varied 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, mole/formula unit respectively. The magnetic properties of the samples for the bubble magnetic materials, such as, line width ΔH of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), magnetic saturation induction 4Ms, wall mobility uw/ uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy Ku, were measured and discussed the relations between these properties. The line width ΔH decreases with increasing 4Ms, and with decreasing Sm concentration. The anisotropy energy Ku increases not only with increasing Sm ion concentration, but also increasing 4Ms. The value of wall mobility uw/ increase with increasing 4Ms and decreases with increasing Sm concentration. We define a physical constant Eι from the fact that the product of 4Ms and ΔH is constant with dimension of energy density. The Eι is dependent only on Sm concentration.density. The Eι is dependent only on Sm concentration.


The energy dissipated by substorms manifested in several ways is discussed: the Joule dissipation in the ionosphere; the energization of the ring current by the injection of plasma sheet particles; auroral election and ion acceleration; plasmoid ejection; and plasma sheet ion heating during the recovery phase. For each of these energy dissipation mechanisms, a 'rule of thumb' formula is given, and a typical dissipation rate and total energy expenditure is estimated. The total energy dissipated as Joule heat (approximately) 2 x 10(exp 15) is found about twice the ring current injection term, and may be even larger if small scale effects are included. The energy expended in auroral electron precipitation, on the other hand, is smaller than the Joule heating by a factor of five. The energy expended in refilling and heating the plasma sheets is estimated to be approximately 5 x 10(exp 14)J, while the energy lost due to plasmoid ejection is between (approximately) (10 exp 13)(exp 14)J.


Biologic changes in the sleep-wake cycle contribute to inadequate sleep and hypersomnolence in adolescents. Pediatricians should counsel their teenage patients on the these changes.


Referendums have become increasingly common occurrences in European states in recent decades. Stephen Tierney writes on some of the potential benefits and dangers of using referendums to solve key constitutional questions. He writes that while referendums can undermine democracy if used incorrectly, they generally suffer from problems of practice rather than principle and these problems can be overcome in healthy democracies by suitable referendum design.


Symbol timing estimation is one of key problems in OFDM systems. In this paper a new symbol timing estimation algorithm based on a training symbol is proposed. The study shows that the new algorithm is not affected by large carrier frequency offset basically. And it also has better performance than the previous timing estimation algorithm in terms of wrong probability. Through adopting this algorithm the timing error is shortened to a half of the sample time interval. Furthermore when combining with the conventional frequency offset estimation algorithm, only a training symbol is needed to complete joint acquisition of symbol timing and carrier frequency offset


: Koizumi Yakumo ' s masterpiece "Strange Talk" has an important position in the history of Japanese literature. It inherits Japanese folklore and evokes modern whimsical literature. Through the creation


Kinetic measurements, competitive hydrogenation, and H–D kinetic isotopic studies confirm the prevalence of proton–electron transfer events during the catalytic reduction of aliphatic carbonyls (C3–C6) at protic solvent and transition-metal (Ru, Pt, and Pd) interfaces. Polar protic solvents assist with the initial, rapid H-adatom ionization, which forms a proton and an electron pair. The proton shuffles through the solvent matrix and attacks the carbonyl oxygen in a quasi-equilibrated step, resulting in the formation of a charged hydroxy intermediate as the most abundant reactive intermediate. Subsequently, this intermediate undergoes a kinetically relevant H-adatom addition on the carbon atom that forms the charged alcohol, which then recombines with the electron and desorbs as the alcohol product. As a direct consequence of the initial, quasi-equilibrated proton transfer, the first-order rate coefficient increases exponentially as the gas-phase proton affinity of the carbonyls increases or as the invers...


Objective To prepare chitosan-tannin compound dressing and to study its effect of hemostasis and healing.Methods Tannin extracted from Chinese traditional medicine Pollen Typhae was mixed with chitosan to prepare the compound dressing by freeze drying.Blood clotting time in vitro and liver hemostasis time in vivo were measured.The compound membrane was administrated on the skin wound model in rats.The healing effect was evaluated by observing histopathological characteristics and measuring contents of protein and hydroxyproline in wound tissue.Results The compound dressing significantly reduced blood clotting time and promoted the wound healing.Conclusion Chitosan-tannin compound dressing is simple to prepared and effective for hemostasis and healing.


The paper deals with the phenomenon of national journalism as an institute for forming spiritual values and ethnic identity of the nation, exemplified in the Finno-Ugric, mainly Udmurt, media. Dynamics of changes of structural and contextual model of the national journalism in Soviet and Post-Soviet periods is shown. Reference is made to the influence of democratization and glasnost (publicity) on the processes of Russian journalism development and the revival of the international Finno-Ugric movement. The examples of a new independent press are given. The functions of ethnic journalism are emphasized, the state of national press in Udmurtia is evaluated, its purposes and importance in all areas of life are highlighted. The author concludes that the main feature of national journalism is in its national spirit, character and orientation.


Looking back to the main stages which led to the development of interventional neuroradiology in Europe sheds light on the current debates over the identity and the filiation of our speciality. In the last century, the beginnings of radiology heralded the possibility of seeing the hidden anatomical structures of the human body. The concept of radiology was then very close to that of in vivo anatomy and was used for parts of the body with a naturally high density, such as the skeleton. Neuroradiology developed thanks to "non-radiologists". As early as the end of the 19th century, the notion of natural contrast between two different media was developed (ventriculography and radiography of anatomical specimens by Reyner and Glover, 1897). At the start of this century, the first "neuroradiologists" were, in fact, clinicians who were initiating themselves to imaging: Schuller (publishing on the subject of radiography as early as 1905, and on cranial radiography in 1912, while also writing a fundamental article on chordotomy in 1910); Dandy, whom we may without a doubt call a neurosurgeon introduced pneumoencephalography in 1918, and pneumomyelography a year later, Furnrohr, a neurologist signing the first neuroradiology book in 1906 (entitled Roentgen Neurology). Most of the research was based on the impossibility of seeing the brain itself' imaging could only outline the structures with air or for a short time after injection of iodised substances (Sicard 1925). With the advent of contrast material, vessel imaging as a mean of outlining the brain was introduced by Egas Moniz (1927); Makoto Saito's (1929) contrast agent was even called "ombre", shadow in French. Ziedses des Plantes devised the subtraction (1939), while Seldinger initiated the femoral approach. This common core of knowledge in clinics, anatomy and morphology lasted until the end of the 1960s. That is when superselectivity developped with Djindjian and others, offering neuroradiologists the opportunity to create a new generation of professionals. As early as 1966 hyperselective spinal and external carotid angiographies allowed therapeutical endovascular operations to be performed. These were the first mature interventional manoeuvres, after a series of anecdotes as heroic as they were dangerous. Small focus (0.1) X Ray tubes developed in the 1970s pushed back the limit of anatomical reading to arteries of 250 microns and increased the microsurgical credibility of the budding vascular interventional neuroradiologists. In 1973, a new generation of full time diagnostic and therapeutic vascular neuroradiologists


The reactivity of platelets from 57 patients was evaluated prior to removal of either an abnormal natural mitral or aortic valve or a degenerated porcine bioprosthetic valve. Thirty patients had aortic stenosis or insufficiency, 21 had mitral stenosis or insufficiency, and 6 underwent the removal of a long-term (4 to 7 years after insertion) Hancock porcine bioprosthetic valve. Transmission electron microscopy was used in a standardized in vitro method to evaluate these platelets. The degree of surface activation (cytoplasmic spreading by single platelets) and aggregate formation were both recorded. A hyperactive response was defined as >20% of the spread type platelet and/or an increased number of aggregates (>93 aggregates/100 single platelets). Hyperactive platelet populations were found in only 8% (6 of 72) of normal subjects. In contrast, 60% (18 of 30) of patients with aortic stenosis or insufficiency, 76%, (16 of 21) of patients with mitral stenosis or insufficiency, and 83%, (5 of 6) of patients with a degenerated porcine valve showed hyperactive platelets. The mean percentage of the spread type platelet for the various groups was 40, 38 and 30 respectively with corresponding mean values of 106, 124 and 102 for platelet aggregates. The reactivity of platelets from the normal group differed significantly from each group of patients with abnormal valves (P > 0.01). However, the level of platelet reactivity between the patient groups with abnormal valves did not differ significantly. Disturbed flow, high shear stresses and the exposure of potentially thrombotic materials are all features associated with abnormal natural heart valves as well as a degenerated bioprosthesis and may explain our finding of increased platelet reactivity in these patients.


A source device and method for authenticating a sink device. The source device and method include detecting when the sink device connects to a communication interface and in response to detecting a connected sink device, activating a sink device authentication protocol which authenticates whether the connected sink device is an approved sink device for connecting via the communication interface. The source device determines a level of authentication of the connected sink device from among a first-level authentication and a second-level authentication based on first and second authentication components, respectively derived from different master keys, which affects the type of content provided to the sink device. Responsive to the level of authentication provided through the connected sink device, modifying the content transmitted to the connected sink device, and preventing transfer of any content from the source device to the sink device in response to the sink device not being authenticated.


C60 and C70 adducts containing spacer-linked phenyl (BK1), 9-anthracenyl (BK2), 4-(9-anthracenyl)phenyl (BK3), and 1-pyrenyl groups (BE1 and FE1) have been studied. Two different synthetic pathways were employed based on the [4+2] cycloaddition of fullerenes with 2-trimethylsiloxy-1,3-butadienes (TB). Spectroscopic data for the new compounds are given. Electrochemical and optoelectrochemical studies were undertaken by using cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical methods. The fluorescence emission spectra of BK2, BK3, BE1, and FE1 are reported. Intramolecular energy transfer from the excited fluorophore to the fullerene subunit is shown to occur.


With the expansion of social networks, sentiment analysis has become one of the hot topics in machine learning. However, in traditional sentiment analysis, the text is considered of a general nature and ignores the different aspects that may exist in the text. This paper presents a hybrid model of transfer deep learning methods for the aspect-oriented sentiment analysis of influencers' tweets to predict the trend of cryptocurrencies. In the first model, different aspects of tweets are extracted using the Concept Latent Dirichlet Allocation (Concept-LDA). Then, by using the pre-trained RoBERTa network and combining it with the Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) deep learning network and attention layer, sentiments of different aspects of tweets are determined. In the following, the price trend of seven cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin, Ethereum, Binance, Ripple, Dogecoin, Cardano, and Solana, is determined using the historical price and the polarity of tweets with BiGRU combined deep neural network and the attention layer. Also, we used the gridsearch method to select dropout hyper-parameters, learning rate, and the number of GRU units, and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) criterion confirmed the results of this proposed combination. The results show that the proposed model in the aspect-based sentiment analysis section has been able to achieve 5.94% accuracy and 9.9% improvement in the f1-score on the SemEval 2015 dataset and 2.61% improvement on the SemEval 2016 dataset in f1-score compared to the state-of-arts. Also, the results of predicting the price trend of cryptocurrencies show that the proposed model has correctly recognized the price trend in the next five days in 77% of cases according to the ROC-AUC criterion.


Prehospital Emergency Care premiered with the January/March 1997 issue as the official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP) and the National Association of State EMS Directors. The stated mission of this journal is "to foster and disseminate EMS literature of the highest quality." The editor-in-chief also has also noted that recognition of success in this venture will be the eventual indexing of Prehospital Emergency Care by the National Library of Medicine. The CINAHL (Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health) already has arranged to index it back to the first issue. This journal has information relevant to the practice, educational advancement, and investigation of prehospital emergency care. Emergency medical services (EMS) impacts all emergency physicians on a daily basis. These physicians need to be informed about the prehospital care provided to their patients. The care rendered must be under close physician direction and surveillance to ensure the


Abstract The general purpose of this and future journal club columns is to facilitate the review of specific research studies and to discuss implications of each study for clinical practice as it relates to the lower extremity. Each column will be dedicated to a specific topic relevant to the treatment of a Foot and Ankle pathology. Each article chosen and reviewed will reflect the most recent advancements in Foot and Ankle Surgery and Medicine. We hope that you, the reader, find value and pleasure in the articles reviewed. 24-118 (average of 35 months). All in this study exhibited mild superficial pin site which were treated with pin care and There were no cases of recurrent deep infection throughout the follow up period. Limb length discrepancy resolved in 141 of the cases (94%). Fracture union was achieved in all cases. There were no cases of vascular compromise. No patients required amputation for a 100% limb salvage rate. Nine cases had unsatisfactory results (6%) due to residual limb length discrepancy, joint stiffness and persistent pain. The results were satisfactory in 94% of the cases.


In the course of conversation with Professor J. Park, the Director of our School of Mines. I first heard of the occurrence of a gigantic pedunculated Cirripede in certain Tertiary deposits on the east coast of the North Island of this colony. I then wrote to Mr. T. F. Cheeseman, the Curator of the Auckland Museum, in which some remains were exhibited: in answer to my request, Mr. Cheeseman very generously loaned me these remains, and the following notes are founded on them. I will here express my thanks to this gentleman for the readiness with which he has, in this and other instances, complied with my request for the loan of specimens out of his museum. But these few fragments do not represent all that is known of the animal; for I understand that abundant material, collected by Professor Park during his geological survey, is entombed in boxes in the Colonial Museum at Wellington, and Professor Thomas, of Auckland, also possesses, as he informs me, a fair supply of valves, collected by himself. I have, however, not been able to examine either of these collections. And although the present contribution is very incomplete, yet I hope that it will stimulate the possessors of better material to supplement or correct my remarks; at any rate, it will serve to direct the attention of European geologists and zoologists to the existence in late geologic times of a Cirripede remarkable chiefly for its gigantic size, far surpassing any member of the group hitherto, known to science.


The poor quality of chromosome preparations often observed after fixation of oocytes and embryos did not usually allow accurate identification of chromosomes involved in non-disjunctions. We, therefore, used chromosome painting to determine the incidence of abnormalities for chromosomes 1 and 7. A total of 50 oocytes inseminated for IVF and showing no signs of fertilization as well as 37 diploid embryos donated for research were fixed according to the Dyban`s technique. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was carried out using whole chromosome painting DNA probes specific for human chromosome 1 and 7. The incidence of aneuploidy was 28%, 10% and 60% for metaphase II, polar body and sperm chromosomes, respectively. The high incidence of aneuploidy observed in sperm prematurely condensed sperm chromosomes is due to the fact that usually far less than 23 sperm chromatids are observed, maybe as a consequence of incomplete chromosome condensation. Thirty seven embryos were analyzed with the same probes. 48% of early embryos were either monosomic 1 or 7 or mosaics comprising blastomeres with 1, 2 or 3 signals. Thus, 8 among the 11 abnormal embryos had hypodiploid cells (25 to 37 chromosomes) indicating either an artefactual loss of chromosomes or a complex anomaly of nuclearmore » division (maltinucleated blastomeres, abnormal migration of chromosomes at anaphase). We therefore calculated a {open_quotes}corrected{close_quotes} incidence of aneuploidy for chromosomes 1 or 7 in early embryos: 18%. 86% of the blastocysts showed mosaicism 2n/3 or 4n as a consequence of the formation of the syncitiotrophoblast. To conclude, chromosome painting is an efficient method to accurately identify chromosomes involved in aneuploidy. This technique should allow us to evaluate the incidence of non-disjunction for all chromosome pairs. Our results confirm the high incidence of chromosome abnormalities occurring as a consequence of meiotic or mitotic non-disjunctions in human oocytes and embryos.« less


Based on the concept of memetics and the life cycle of memes, this paper first classifies the "XX 族"(XX Zu) words into three types, then it analyzes them with some examples of every type, aiming to understand the origin,characteristics and the meaning of these words, the replication and transmission rules of the "XX 族" words. It further explores the interactions between the words and their correspondent social and cultural background. Furthermore, it analyzes the popularity of "XX 族" words with theoretical support and reveals the law of language development, which provides us with some useful hints and references in terms of theoretical research and language usage.


This article studies an asymmetric information game with "type convergence," in which, under some realizations of a common uncertainity, inducing informed agents to reveal their types through self-selection by contract choice is either costly or impossible. Under other realizations, self-selection permits costless distinctions between informed agents. I obtain sufficient conditions under which contracting with options prior to the realization of the common uncertainity leads to the existence of a perfectly separating, costless Nash equilibrium. Applications to variable rate loan commitments and life insurance contracting are discussed. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.


Most academic libraries offer numerous e‐ books alongside their print titles. Traditionally, print materials have been chosen by subject liaisons with input from departmental faculty, whereas e‐ books have been acquired en masse through large collection purchases, subscriptions, or PDA/DDA programs that include large numbers of discovery records. At Kraemer Family Library, the print budget is divided into subject areas using a formula that includes the number of students in a discipline, level of program (bachelor, master, or doctorate), number of faculty by discipline, and average cost of materials in a subject area. This budget breakdown is an attempt to balance the library's collection so that it reflects the focus and emphasis of the curriculum being taught on campus. Beginning in 2012, the Kraemer Family Library at the University of Colorado Colorado Springs began participating in two PDA/DDA e‐ book programs. The library also began purchasing e‐ book packages that were either publisher or subject based. During this same time, the library continued to use a formula to allocate the library's print budget. Because e‐ books were not purchased according to any allocation, and the library was beginning a process of weeding the print collection, an analysis of the effect of e‐ books on the overall collection was undertaken. The purpose of this analysis was to determine what metrics should be used to determine the impact of e‐ books on the overall collection and to analyze that data for overall impact on the collection.


Background: Deletional a + -thalassemia comprising of -a 3.7 and -a 4.2 deletions is commonly encountered in the Indian sub-continent but HbH disease, resulting from the co-inheritance of a + -thalassemia trait and a o -thalassemia trait, is uncommon with just a few cases reported. Few recent reports on the molecular characterization of patients with HbH disease from India has been published which includes both deletional a-thalassemia and non-deletional a-thalassemia. This report highlights the clinical and molecular heterogeneity of HbH disease from north India. Materials and Methods: We encountered 34 patients with HbH disease in 28 families from north India over 15 years and performed the molecular analysis to determine the frequency of both deletional and non-deletional alpha gene defects. Patients as well as parents and affected siblings were also studied for automated complete blood cell counts, reticulocyte counts and HbH inclusions using 1% brilliant cresyl blue. Cation exchange HPLC (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) and hemoglobin electrophoresis at pH 8.6 were performed. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood leucocytes was extracted by the phenol-chloroform method. A multiplex Gap-PCR was carried out as an initial screen which tested for deletions a 3.7 , a 4.2 , a SEA , a MED and a SA . Southern Blot for alpha and zeta probes with Bam H1 digest was performed on 20 subjects. PCR followed by sequencing for both a1 and a2 genes were done. The a–Globin XS MLPA kit (MRC Holland) with 35 probes was used to screen for the extent of deletions. Results: Homozygous Hb Sallanches (a2 codon 104 G>A; Cys →Tyr) in 6 cases in 5 families was found. Homozygous polyadenylation signal mutation of a2(-AA) AATAAA →AATA—was detected in 3 cases. One patient each showed double heterozygosity for -a 3.7 /a Hb Sallanches a, a 76 +T a/a Hb Sallanches a. PolyA a/ a Hb Sun Prairie a, a PolyA a/ a 76 +T a, and -a 3.7 /a Hb Seal Rock a and a Seal Rock a/--. Three patients were double heterozygous for -a 3.7 /-- SA . Fifteen patients from 12 families had a 0 deletion of varying lengths in combination with -a 3.7 based on the MLPA analysis. The extent of deletions was variable ranging from a 0 starts upstream of z gene & extends downstream of a1, deletion of probes 1-18, deletion of probes 1-22 and deletion of probes 8-18.The genotype phenotype correlation illustrating the clinical heterogeneity of HbH disease is detailed in Table 1. Discussion: This is the largest series of cases of HbH disease encountered in Indians. Since HbH disease is uncommon in India, the clinical recognition of the diagnosis is limited to few centres and molecular characterization is incomplete. Our study shows considerable heterogeneity both at the molecular level as well as the clinical presentation. Alpha2 gene sequencing revealed a novel mutation with addition of +T at codon 76 leading to a frameshift mutation .MLPA will be useful in characterizing the approximate location of the breakpoints and designing simple GAP PCR assays to identify the deletion. Increased awareness amongst the clinicians as well as more diagnostic laboratories will help to identify more patients with HbH disease. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This study aimed to identify the performance properties that drive the shelf price of kitchen paper towels and evaluate whether sustainability is an important driver for pricing. Nineteen products were compared according to their performance (softness, absorbency, and strength), technology, and fiber morphology. Metrics to rank the products in different grades (economy, premium, and ultra) according to their performance were provided. A multiple linear regression showed that absorbency and softness are the most significant properties used to predict the price. Market data indicates that there is a segment of consumers willing to pay a premium price for products marketed as "sustainable", even though their performance is comparatively inferior to the majority of the samples. Sustainable products are up to 85% more expensive than regular products. The metrics obtained in this work can contribute to improvement in market transparency, and aid companies in deciding strategies for product development and new investments.


This study seeks to investigate the association between Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Mauritania. An Empirical evidences are obtained from the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Granger Causality Test Model. The study utilizes time series data cover up the period from 1990 to 2013. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was used as dependent variable, whereas Consumer Price Index (CPI) was used as independent variable. In order to check the stationarity of variables Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test (ADF) was employed. Result indicates that all variables found to be stationary at first difference at 5% level of significance. OLS Test revealed a positive and significant relationship between the GDP and CPI. Additional endeavour was made to verify the causal relationship between two variables by employing the Granger Causality Test. The result show unidirectional causality running from Inflation to economic growth. The most significant policy proposition of this outcome is that intensive exertion must be made by Mauritanian government to address the issues which are lead to an increase of price level (inflation) such as food and fuel crisis, exchange rate fluctuation, an increase in money supply, weak agriculture sector and so on.


Understanding the unique experience and challenges of refugees entering
 the United States is important for healthcare, education, and mental health
 professionals so they are enabled to adequately address the needs and concerns
 of this population. These individuals represent many cultural backgrounds and
 experiences that led them to seek refuge in a country with a culture and language not their own, and in which they have relatively little financial, educational, and
 social supports. This article seeks to share insights gained from work with refugee
 support groups designed to assist individuals from like backgrounds to learn and
 share information necessary to their successful resettlement, for fellowship and
 support, and to have the opportunity to express needs and concerns regarding
 the challenges they are facing.


Abstract : The report surveys some of the characteristic difficulties that arise when solving numerically some Fredholm integral equations with unbounded kernels. (Author)


Structural and magnetic investigations of Ta 3n m /Pt 2n m / Co0.4 nm3 / PttPt/ IrMn 7n m7 / Pt10 nm multilayers with tPt= 0 and tPt= 0.4 nm have been carried out using x-ray reflectometry, tomographic atom probe, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. The structural investigations show that the Co/ IrMn interface is more diffuse in the absence of the Pt spacer. The consequences on the magnetic properties are discussed. The exchange-bias field and the anisotropy direction of these two specimens are analyzed in comparison to Ta 3n m /Pt 2n m / Co0.4 nm3 / PttPt/ IrMn 7n m / Pt10 nm multilayers containing only one ferromagnetic/ antiferromagnetic repeat and correlated with the structural investigations.


Gives the reader a layman's view of the Corporate Fleet Planning System and briefly explains some of the applications of the system in the day to day operations of a shipping company. The system design is presented to give the reader an introduction to the major modules and major files of the system. It is not intended to give a detailed technical explanation of the record layouts, file descriptins, etc., of the system as this is contained in the Detailed System Design submitted to the Maritime Administration in November 1975. Requests for the detailed design can be made through Mr. Paul B. Mentz, Project Manager, Shipping Operators Information Systems (SOIS) Program. Finally, the paper contains a preliminary listing of the hardware which will be utilized by the system.


Skeletal muscle satellite cells are stem cells that facilitate muscle repair and regeneration following "damage". Such "damage" occurs following exercise, and leads to activation and proliferation of these cells from their quiescent state therefore increasing cell numbers. In this mini review the likely triggers for satellite cell activation following exercise are discussed, along with the some of the recent data that shows that satellite cell number is increased acutely following exercise and chronically as a result of long term training, in a manner that appears somewhat dependent upon skeletal muscle fibre type and exercise intensity but not overall exercise type. Citation: Martin NRW, Lewis MP. (2012) Satellite cell activation and number following acute and chronic exercise: A mini review. Cellular and Molecular Exercise


Objective To study the abnormality of cerebral metabolism rate of glucose(CMRglc) of cerebral white matter in Alzheimer's Disease(AD).Methods The positron emission tomography(PET) was performed in 33 AD patients and 20 healthy controls.Among the 33 patients,17 have behavioral and psychological symptoms(BPS) and 16 have no BPS.The regional CMRglc(rCMRglc) of some brain regions and nucleus were detected.The PET images were compared between the two groups with statistic parameter mapping(SPM) pixel by pixel.Results In comparison with the healthy controls,the AD patients had decreased rCMRglc of cerebral or subcortical white matter in the following areas:broadly in whole areas,especially in the right frontal lobe,the superior gyrus of the left frontal lobe,the left medial prefrontal lobe,and the left cuneus of occipital lobe(P0.001).The AD patients with BPS than those without BPS had less rCMRglc of subcortical white matter on paracentral lobule of both side and the left superior temporal lobe,but had higher rCMRglc on the middle occipital lobe of both side,the right cuneus of occipital lobe,the right inferior parietal lobule,the left fusiform gyrus of temporal lobe,and the left medial prefrontal lobe(P0.001).Conclusions The AD patients are abnormal on the rCMRglc of cerebral or subcortical white matter broadly on all areas,especially in some lobe.The patients with BPS are different on the rCMRglc of cerebral or subcortical white matter from those without BPS.


Red algal parasites are common and have a unique type of development in which parasite nuclei are transferred to host cells and "control" host cell development. Previous phylogenetic studies have concentrated on parasites closely related to their hosts, termed adelphoparasites. A second set of parasites, usually classified in a different family or tribe from their host, termed alloparasites, have not been studied phylogenetically. This study concentrates on the wholly parasitic family, the Choreocolacaceae (Gigartinales). Using small subunit rDNA sequence data, we found that all the parasites studied are within the same family as their host. Our data support the placement of Holmsella, species of which parasitize Gracilaria and Gracilariopsis, in the order Gracilariales and suggest that Holmsella is an old parasitic genus. Most other species of the Choreocolacaceae parasitize species of the Rhodomelaceae. The one exception is the hyperparasitism between Harveyella mirabilis (Reinsch) F. Schmitz et Reinke (Rhodomelaceae) and the parasite Gonimophyllum skottsbergii Setchell (Delesseriaceae). The parasites Bostrychiocolax australis Zuccarello et West and Dawsoniocolax bostrychiae (Joly et Yamaguishi‐Tomita) Joly et Yamaguishi‐Tomita are placed within the tribe Bostrychiae as are their hosts. Harveyella mirabilis has a single origin and has switched hosts several times during its passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Evidence does not support the continued recognition of the family Choreocolacaceae. Our results also indicate that the distinction between adelphoparasites and alloparasites is unwarranted, with a continuum between newly evolved parasites closely related to their hosts and parasites less closely related to their hosts.


The simple view of reading is a theory in which reading is divided into decoding and linguistic comprehension. The theory has been used to explain and to subgroup reading disabilities. Research has also investigated if additional factors are of relevance to reading. In the present study, decoding was divided into the factors orthographic decoding and phonological decoding, while comprehension was divided into word comprehension and grammatical comprehension. The purpose was to analyze these factors and their contribution to reading ability in children in fourth grade: one group with reading difficulties (n=36) and one group with typical reading ability (n=36). Results were analyzed using multiple regression and the two groups were compared. The contribution of non-verbal ability and general processing speed was also studied. The results showed differences between the groups. Decoding made the largest contribution to reading ability for the children with reading difficulties, while linguistic comprehension contributed the most for the children with typical reading ability. Differences were also found in how much the underlying factors contributed to decoding and linguistic comprehension, respectively. Non-verbal ability and general processing speed made small contributions, for both groups, to reading ability, decoding and linguistic comprehension, respectively. However, the two factors increased the explained variance in reading ability for the children with reading difficulties. In this group the two factors in The simple view of reading explained somewhat less of the variance in reading ability than for the children with typical reading ability. The study shows that decoding and comprehension are useful predictors of reading ability, and also indicates that The simple view of reading is less appropriate for children with reading difficulties.


We have performed measurements of sodium nuclear recoils in NaI:Tl crystals, following scattering by neutrons produced in a 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction. Understanding the light output from such recoils, which is reduced relative to electrons of equivalent energy by the quenching factor, is critical to interpret dark matter experiments that search for nuclear scattering interactions. We have developed a spectrum-fitting methodology to extract the quenching factor from our measurements, and report quenching factors for nuclear recoil energies between 36 and 401 keV. Our results agree with other recent quenching factor measurements that use quasi-monoenergetic neutron sources. The new method will be applied in the future to the NaI:Tl crystals used in the SABRE experiment.


An experimental study was performed on an ethylene/oxygen/air pulse detonation engine to examine the effect of frequency and spark delay time on the thrust output and efficiency. Reactants were mix...


T HE GREEK TERM 1tUpOO<; or 1tUpOaAl<; (the "pard") is routinely rendered as "leopard" in Classical dictionaries, while Byzantine dictionaries, considering it to have the same meaning in that period, do not define the words distinctly at alP Recent examples with reference to Byzantine texts include Jeffreys' edition of Digenes Akrites and the Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. 2 However, it is apparent that in Byzantium, the animal referred to by those terms was primarily understood to be the cheetah, rather than the leopard. It is also apparent that towards the end of Byzantium, some confusion had re-arisen as to the precise nature of the "pard." In what follows, we consider characteristic references in Byzantine and post-Byzantine literature to the pard, and variants of the pard -the A£61tapoo<;/A£OV't61tapoo<; "lion-pard" / "leopard" and the lw't61tapoo<; "cat-pard."


SERIALs ARE THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE of current information in science and technology libraries. Recently as serials prices have increased from 10 to 15 percent annually1 and library allocations have often remained static or been decreased, librarians have continued subscriptions even as the share of money left unencumbered slipped into negative numbers. Most librarians who have enjoyed years of expanding collections and increasing materials allocations have not adequately developed techniques for cutting budgets in the face of inflation and reduced funding.2 Those who have been forced to make reductions in subscription lists may make budget cuts on the basis of intuition, choosing titles which they feel are not being used. Others generalize on the basis of price which titles should be of most importance to users, that is, lowcost titles are most popular and least likely to be used in advanced research and high-priced titles · are important international publications.3 Still others have forced faculty members to make the decision after indicating that no books can be purchased if serials are not reduced.4 ·


To investigate the influence of different seeding date on growth and yield of spring potatoes,"Favorita"was sowed at different dates in Hunan.The results show that(1)Spring potatoes sowed too early in Hunan was apt to suffer late frost injury;(2)The suitable seeding date was the middle and late of December when the yields of spring potatoes reached 1 396.8~1 661.6 kg/667 m2 and the benefit was good,reached 1 281~2 112 Yuan/667 m2;(3)Although the yields reached 1 812.7~2 112.6 kg/667 m2 when spring potatoes were sowed at Jan and Feb,the benefit was lower than that of spring potatoes sowed at the middle and late December,and delayed production of early rice.


Objective To explore the value of diagosing of the lung tnmor with the Transparent Mode Real-Time three-dimensional ultrasounds.Methods The examine 45 case of the lung tumor with dynamic three-dimensional ultrasounds.Analyse and sort their images.Results It's clear to nourish blood vessel in three-dimensional energy images.For example,the tumor's size,the tumor,s internal echo and space appearnce of dynamic three-dimensional ultrasounds.We can judge the nature of the tumor according to three-dimensional view.Conclusion We can diagnose the characters of the tumor according to the three-dimensional ultrasounds comprehnsive images.The dynamic three-dimensional ultrasounds play an important role in the tumor diagnose and cure.


Background Routine screening of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is no longer recommended because of a high rate of over-diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Objective To evaluate the efficacy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) for PCa detection, and to explore the clinical utility of ultrahigh b-value DW-MRI in predicting prostate biopsy outcomes. Methodology 73 male patients were selected for the study. They underwent 3T MRI using T2WI conventional DW-MRI with b-value 1000 s/mm2, and ultrahigh b-value DW-MRI with b-values of 2000 s/mm2 and 3000 s/mm2. Two radiologists evaluated individual prostate gland images on a 5-point rating scale using PI-RADS, for the purpose of region-specific comparisons among modalities. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and likelihood ratios (LR) were investigated for each MRI modality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was also calculated. Results Results showed the improved diagnostic value of ultrahigh b-value DWI-MRI for detection of PCa when compared to other b values and conventional MRI protocols. Sensitivity values for 3000 s/mm2 in both peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) were significantly higher than those observed with conventional DW-MRI—Specificity values for 3000 s/mm2 in the TZ were significantly higher than other b-value images, whereas specificity values using 3000 s/mm2 in the PZ were not significantly higher than 2000 s/mm2 images. PPV and NPV between 3000 s/mm2 and the other three modalities were significantly higher for both PZ and TZ images. The PLRs and NLRs of b-value 3000 s/mm2 DW-MRI in the PZ and TZ were also recorded. ROC analysis showed greater AUCs for the b value 3000 s/mm2 DWI than for the other three modalities. Conclusions DW-MRI with a b-value of 3000 s/mm2 was found to be the most accurate and reliable MRI modality for PCa tumor detection and localization, particularly for TZ lesion discrimination. It may be stated that the b-value of 3000 s/mm2 is a novel, improved diagnostic biomarker with greater predictive accuracy for PCa prior to biopsy.


This dissertation demonstrates the use of received signal strength to infer human activities. It has the following contributions: 1) Reference design of a device-free, 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4-based sensor system for Activity Recognition; 2) Fundamental description of influences affecting Activity Recognition performance; 3) Software design pattern for device-free, radio-based Inference Systems; 4) Development and characterization of three specialized device-free, radio-based Inference Systems


The objective of this research is to present the factors that enabled black students to continue their studies in Centro de Formação de Professores (CFP) at Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB). We discuss issues such as the deciding factors for those black students insertion in UFRB. What were the conditions so that those students could keep themselves in higher education? Our analytical delimitation was the existing interface between subject and their sense of belonging, which relates itself to the multiple implications in identity construction and their sense of belonging, widened to the African descendants struggle in academic space. This issue made it possible to confirm that the association between black people and university students will not remain unnoticed among ethno-racial relations and academic institutions, once along the centuries the relation established between university and those students was one between the researcher and the study object, creating this way a link between their life trajectories and their African descendants conditions inside the institutions, making it clear the existence of social, cultural and economic factors towards the perception of themselves as African descendants in the Brazilian society. This is, for those reasons, a qualitative exploratory research, using as techniques for data gathering and analysis the broader reference of life histories that also includes testimonials, interviews, biographies and autobiographies.


Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) is a mechanism that facilitates search over encrypted data that is outsourced to an untrusted Server. SSE schemes offer practicality at the expense of some information leakage. The last two years, the first dynamic SSE (DSSE) schemes, i.e. schemes that support updates, that are both forward and backward private, were introduced. Two lines of design have been proposed. The first one contains the schemes that use an oblivious data structure, i.e. the Client hides the memory access pattern from the Server. This level of security comes at the expense of significant communication overheads as the oblivious memory access requires several communication roundtrips or the use of expensive primitives that limits the potential of practicality. The second line of design contains solutions that avoid oblivious data structures. In this paper, we introduce a new DSSE solution that offers both forward and the highest level of backward privacy. Our scheme is the first one that follows the first line of design and achieves this level of security with a constant and small number of communication roundtrips. We evaluate the scheme's performance and we show that it is practical.


A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Science in Partial
Fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Science (Technology)
At the appropriate Technology Centre, Kenyatta University April, 1993.


Background: Cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) contributes to morbidity and mortality among children all over the world. Stunting and poor weight gain are common among these children. Methods: The study was part of a large prospective cross sectional and analytical study, involving consecutive children with CCHD confirmed by echocardiography. Subjects and controls were matched for gender, sex and socioeconomic class. Level of significance was set at P Results: A total of 150 children, 75 with CCHD and 75 apparently healthy controls were studied over a period of 6 months (May 2015 to October 2015). Overall, the age of the subjects ranged from 6 months to 12 years with a mean age and standard deviation of 47.5 (±2.9) months. The mean weight of the subject who were less than 2 years was significantly lower than those of controls (P=0.000). Similarly, the weight of the subjects older than 5 years were also significantly lower than those of controls (P=0.041). Similarly, the height of subjects less than 5 years was significantly lower than those of the controls (P=0.000) using the independent t-test. Conclusions: Wasting and stunting are common in children with CCHD hence we recommend a routine monitoring of the nutritional status of children with CCHD using the weight and height measurements to ensure prompt nutritional rehabilitation among these children.


In this paper, SiC and Si Nanowire Field Effect Transistors (NW-FETs) with SiO 2 and HfO 2 gate oxide materials are simulated in various gate oxide thicknesses and channel diameters. In order to study the performance of these transistors in logic applications, the effect of channel material and diameter and also oxide material and thickness changes on the important switching parameters like delay time (τ d ), Power Delay Product ( PDP ) and Sub-threshold Swing ( SS ) are investigated. Results show that calculated parameters are sensitive to these changes. But the dependence of the parameters to the type of oxide material is higher in which by changing the oxide material to HfO 2 τ d decreases considerably. In addition, the optimum feature for the best switching speed is obtained. This study shows that SiC-NWFETs are comparable with Si-NWFETs in logic applications.


Dr. Jack Trammell's contribution to the field of education encompasses a variety of areas with one common denominator: equal access to higher education for all. He currently serves as the director of Disability Support Services at Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, VA, where he is also an assistan t professor, teaching Disability Studies in the Sociology Department. Dr. Trammell serves as the College Reading and Learning Association's (CRLA) Political Advocacy Committee representative to the Council of Learning Assistance and Developmental Education Associations (CLADEA). Over the past decade, Dr. Trammell has become a leading experts in helping postsecondary educators develop political activism awareness. Dr. Trammell obtained his undergraduate degree in political science from Grove City College, PA and his master's degree in Social Studies Instruction and Doctorate in Research and Evaluation from Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. He has published over 24 books and numerous articles including his most recent publication With Justice for All: A History of Disabilities in America (Lynne Rienner Publishers, in press).Tamara Shetron (T.S.): Currently you serve as the College Reading and Learning Association (CRLA) Political Advocacy Committee (PAC) liaison to the Council for Learning Assistance and Developmental Education Associations (CLADEA). Can you explain what your duties are in this position and how these organizations benefit from having a PAC liaison?JackTrammell (J.T): I've been a long time CRLA member and in this position, I gather and disseminate information about issues that have political aspects to them. These are issues that I feel might be of interest to people like me in disability support, or people in DE (developmental education), or people with tutoring programs and other types of learning assistance programs. My job is to try to sift through, prioritize, and share information with people and also to think about ways that we can be more politically astute within our organization. My primary duties are to be a conduit for that information to go to CLADEA and for reaction and policy from CLADEA to go back to CRLA and to people I interact with. I also see this as an opportunity to highlight a personal axe I have to grind: get disability in higher education.Both organizations benefit primarily by not working in a vacuum. CLADEA's purpose is to bring together resources and common interests and communication between sister organizations that should, and in fact do, have a lot in common with each other. They should demonstrate common cause in the political arena, in media, and so on. Part of the role of the PAC position is to keep that information flowing back and forth and to keep up the energy for being politically active and politically interested.I have also seen this role as an opportunity for me to actually bean advocate, be out there meeting politicians, meeting with power brokers, interacting with administrators at other universities and in other systems, and so on. For me, it's also been a happy marriage of opportunity to talk to people in positions of authority and power about how disability intersects developmental education, learning assistance, and higher education.T.S.: Judyth Sachs (2000), a leading scholar in educational political activism, stated that the main questions educators should ask themselves regarding activism are: "What is the best place to accomplish the project ofbecoming activist professionals in teaching?" "What is the best place for ME to be?" "What can I do from where I am?" (p. 78). Referring to Sachs's questions, can you describe your political activism from these three perspectives?J.T.: In answer to the first question, the best place to accomplish the project ofbecoming political activist professionals in teaching is in your classroom. By that, I don't mean that you should be radically active in your classroom protesting or enlisting your students to protest or to become political activists. …


When a reflection plate is placed parallel at a suitable distance from a vibration plate with the stripes mode which radiates plane waves in the air, the acoustic load upon the vibration plate increases, and therefore electric power supplied to the ultrasonic source increases under a constant vibration amplitude. Making use of this relation, a rectangular vessel with a high intensity ultrasound field can be designed, the dimensions of which are easily determined by the wavelength of the sound wave and bending wave in the plate.


Globally the HIV and AIDS epidemic remains a major public health social economic and development challenge. The Commonwealth Heads of Government have reaffirmed their commitment to combating HIV and AIDS malaria and other communicable diseases in recognition of the human devastation caused by HIV and AIDS and the threat it poses to sustainable development. In the Commonwealth Sierra Leone mid-term review of the 15th Conference of Commonwealth Education Ministers (CCEM) held in 2005 African education ministers expressed interest in learning about good practices regarding education sector responses to HIV and AIDS in Africa. Education is one of the sectors worst affected by the pandemic. On the one hand HIV and AIDS have affected educator supply because of the relatively high sero-prevalence found among teachers. On the other it has made millions of children orphans thereby increasing the responsibility of schools and teachers. This document summarises the key issues regarding HIV and AIDS and the education sector and is based primarily on a review of published literature and the findings of the regional workshop organised by the Commonwealth Secretariat and the Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) from 12 to 14 September 2006 at the Airport Grand Hotel in Johannesburg South Africa. The workshop was attended by 40 delegates and its focus was on Good Practices in Education Sector Responses to HIV and AIDS in Africa. The main aim of the workshop was to provide a forum for the sharing presentation and review of HIV and AIDS good practice education sector responses in Africa. Speakers included technical experts and government officials and presentations varied from overall education sector responses to specific country and programme experiences. (excerpt)


Background Effects of mast cell‐released histamine on smooth muscle and endothelial cells are considered as responsible of immediate symptoms of anaphylaxis. However, little is known about histamine effects on Th2 lymphocytes, which orchestrate the allergic reaction upstream of mast cells.


Present work contains municipal reform implmentation results for 2007. The authors analyzed modifications in the federal legislation regarding local selfgovernance, regional legislation which regulates issues relatyed to newly created settlements in transition period. The authors analyzed organization and funding issues related to settlements.


Bubble-diffuse type destratification system is widely applied in reservoirs with problems of water bloom caused by cyanobacteria. However, the planning methodology on the installation scale of the system has not been established. In this paper, we propose a methodology by simulating and evaluating the gradient of surface water temperature, which is known to have some relationship with occurrence of water bloom. A hydrodynamic simulation model was verified in Haji Dam reservoir, where the destratification system has been equipped. By using the model, the proposed methodology was applied to the reservoir under the condition in 2001, and the current installation scale is evaluated as proper.


The attempt to exclude implied assertions from the reach of the hearsay rule in the uniform evidence legislation has produced a provision that is both self-contradictory and at odds with modern analysis of the way in which language works - even with the commands of logic itself. Furthermore, the whole project of excluding implied assertions from the hearsay rule is based on the mistaken view that they must necessarily be more reliable than express ones. This article identifies the sub-categories of implied assertion, which depend on the process necessary to make the implication, and shows how that process, the use of language as a tool of communication and the hearsay rule all interact with one another.


A mechanism for the formation of the tricyclic dithian (VII) is suggested, and the possible formation of steroidal dithians in a similar manner is noted.


Objective: Aim of this in vitro study was to investigate dentin permeability after application of Gluma Desensitizer (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany), and aqueous solutions of glutaraldehyde and HEMA, respectively. Method: The permeability of dentin slices, cut from crowns of human third molars, was determined using a split-chamber device. Activator fluid crossing through the dentin disc from the apical side produces a photochemical signal upon contact with the luminolcontaining reagent at the opposite side of the specimen. This light signal is proportional to the liquid flow during pressurizing cycles with 2.5 kPa for 2 minutes and with 13 kPa for 1 minute, respectively. Ten specimens each were investigated after EDTA treatment for removal of cutting smear (Baseline), then after soaking in protein solution (Albumin) and finally after application of each of the desensitizer solutions, respectively. Statistical data treatment: non-parametric ANOVA and post-hoc testing (p<0.05). Results: Permeability of all specimens was not significantly different at Baseline and Albumin evaluation stages. Glutaraldehyde and HEMA solutions did not reduce permeability of dentin discs, whereas Gluma Desensitizer showed pronounced permeability reduction.


The aim of the research is to investigate the predictors of successful school adaptation among children of senior preschool age. This paper is dedicated to the results of the first stage of a longitudinal study. At the first stage of research we assessed the level of cognitive and executive functioning development and social skills. 81 Moscow senior preschoolers took part in the research. Based on the data obtained we singled out 4 types of development, containing different levels of cognitive and executive functioning development and social skills. At the next stage of research we shall be able to see what type of development helps children to be successful at school. At the moment we can assume that the first type of development predicts the most effective adaptation to school. Refs 21. Figs 2. Tables 3.


A single i.p. dose of 1 µ C of 1,23H-testosterone (specific activity 147 µ Ci/ µ g) and 2 µ C of 17 β


Jeremy Tunstall's edited collection Media Sociology: A Reader (University of Illinois Press, $12.50) R. H. Coase and Edward W. Barrett's Educational TV: Who Should Pay? (1950) Paul C. Reardon and Clifton Daniel's Fair Trial and Free Press (1967) Philip L. Geyelin and Douglass Cater's American Media: Adecuate or Hot? (1969) Bradley S. Greenberg and Brenda Dervin (with the assistance of Joseph a. Dominicj and John Bowes) Use of the Media by the Urban Poor: Findings of Three Projects with an Annotated Bibliography (Praeger Special Studies, $13.50) William Kuhns' The Electronic Gospel: Religion and Media (Herder & Herder, $5.50) Wilfred Watson, From Cliche to Archetype (Viking Press, $7.50) Senator J.U. Fulbright's The Pentagon Propaganda Machine (Liveright, $4.95) Charles S. Steinberg's The Communicative Arts: An Introduction to Mass Media (Hastings House, $10.00 hard cover,$ 6.00 paperbound)


The effects of surfactants, such as ethanol, sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate(SDBS), polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG6000), alkyl-phenol polyoxyethylene ether(OP-10), and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP), on acidic electroless plating of silver on copper particles were studied and the mechanism was discussed. The results showed that PVP effectively prevents copper particles from agglomeration and improves the coverage of silver coating. The silver-coated copper particles obtained with 0.030 g/L PVP are silvery white, and has the lowest electrical resistance and an apparent density of 0.58 g/m L.


The purpose of this research is to explore how happiness is influenced by mindfulness, belief in personal control and gratitude. Students of Savitribai Phule Pune University (n=100) with age group ranging from 21-30 years administered Oxford Happiness Questionnaire by Hills and Argyle; Five Facet Mindfullness Questionnaire by Baer; Belief in Personal Control Scale (BPCS) by Berrenberg and the Gratitude Questionnarre-6 (GQ-6) by McCullough. The association between the variables was tested by pearson product moment correlation and the best predictors of happiness were predicted by step-wise regression analysis. Results showed positive significant correlation between mindfulness, belief in personal control, gratitude and happiness; gratitude (36%) and mindfulness(13%) were found to be the best predictors of happiness.


We discuss in detail solar neutrino oscillations with $\ensuremath{\delta}{m}^{2}/E$ in the range $[{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}{,10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}] {\mathrm{eV}}^{2}/\mathrm{MeV}.$ In this range, which interpolates smoothly between the so-called ``just-so'' and ``Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein'' oscillation regimes, neutrino flavor transitions are increasingly affected by matter effects as $\ensuremath{\delta}{m}^{2}/E$ increases. As a consequence, the usual vacuum approximation has to be improved through the matter-induced corrections, leading to a ``quasivacuum'' oscillation regime. We perform accurate numerical calculations of such corrections, using both the true solar density profile and its exponential approximation. Matter effects are shown to be somewhat overestimated in the latter case. We also discuss the role of Earth crossing and of energy smearing. Prescriptions are given to implement the leading corrections in the quasivacuum oscillation range. Finally, the results are applied to a global analysis of solar $\ensuremath{\nu}$ data in a three-flavor framework.