The temperature dependence of infrared reflection spectra in LiKSO4 from 20 to 685 degrees C and its analysis are reported. The phase transition at 439 degrees C is evidenced by the discontinuous jump of the frequencies of all modes, by the broadening of the external mode peaks and by the appearance of an internal mode in the spectra. The TO-LO splitting of this extra mode decreases with increasing temperature and vanishes at 670 degrees C thus confirming the existence of another phase transition. The anomalous increase of the dampings and oscillator strengths of the external modes that occurs at 439 degrees C seems to us to be related to the onset of lithium mobility above this phase transition. The possible existence of an intermediate incommensurate phase is also discussed.


The alleged professional misconduct of Cambridge prehistorian Miles Burkitt, over his guided archaeological trip to South Africa in 1927 and the single-authored publication that resulted, has been taken to epitomize colonial relations of expropriation. However, unexploited archival and printed resources show that the affair has far more interesting implications, and that in South Africa of the 1920s and 1930s prehistoric archaeology became something of a 'national discipline', bearing both on national prestige abroad and on national unity at home, in the stormy relations between the English- and Afrikaans-speaking communities.


the language of art inquiry based studio practices in. integrating the language arts eric digest. language teaching methods. impressionism definition history art amp facts britannica. nelson goodman s languages of art notation and artistic. languages of art an approach to a theory of symbols. unsupervised mt fast and accurate for more languages. languages of art. language arts ideas in the classroom education world. everything about reggio emilia approach you can t skip. languages of art an approach to a theory of symbols. monoskop. the six language arts definitions amp skills video. languages of art an approach to a theory of symbols. languages of art an approach to a theory of symbols. languages of art an approach to a theory of symbols by. the language of art reggio emilia art activities for the. rpns the 100 languages of children. languages of art ??. languages of art 9780915144341 goodman. the reggio emilia approach scholastic. pdf summary of the thesis a study on languages of art. the language of art inquiry based studio practices in. what is the definition of art thoughtco. the natural approach vobs. language through art beginning level education at the. languages of art an approach to a theory of symbols. learning the language of art. languages of art an approach to a theory of symbols. philosophy and principles the reggio emilia approach an. the languages of art an approach to a theory of symbols. goodman s aesthetics stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. languages of art open library. why integrate the language arts. nelson goodman languages of art


Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are obtained either from the bone marrow (BM), cord blood (CB) or peripheral blood (PB). Transplantation of HSCs occurs following various conditions like high doses of chemotherapy, diseases like; leukaemia, lymphoma, congenital metabolic defects, immunedeficiency illnesses and myeloblastic syndromes.


Magoon, L.B. and Bird, K.J., 1988, Evaluation of petroleum source rocks in the National Petroleum reserve in Alaska, using organic-carbon content, hydrocarbon content, visual kerogen, and vitrinite reflectance, in Gryc, G., ed., Geology and exploration of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, 1974 to 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1399, p. 381-450. Molenaar, C.M., Bird, K.J., and Kirk, A.R., 1987, Cretaceous and Tertiary stratigraphy of Northeastern Alaska, in Tailleur, I. and Weimer, P., eds., Alaskan North Slope Geology: Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists and Alaska Geological Society, Book 50, p. 513-528.


Family firms, characteristic of business organization in colonial Latin America, thrived throughout the nineteenth century because they responded dynamically to changes in the direction and character of the economy. Family affiliation afforded a primary means of mobilizing capital, training reliable per sonnel, expanding and diversifying the business, and guaranteeing its long-term success. Definition of family membership was flexible, and marriage often was used to recruit and hold new talent. A patriarch or matriarch typically directed the family and its investments. Businessmen sought diversification as soon as financially possible and, ideally, integrated their holdings into a complementary unit.


The main objective of this study is to identify key attributes of a respondents to deem him worthy and reliable for the purpose of a survey questionnaire. These key attributes are based on the teachings of the Quran. As the holy Quran is the world of Almighty Allah and it contains absolute knowledge. In this paper, various human traits are identified and described in the light of Quran to determine whether a person can be a respondent in a survey questionnaire study or not.This paper also highlights the types of questions in survey questionnaire and distinguishes which type of questions are used for qualitative and /or quantitative research. Additionally, this paper emphasize on the problems with data collection and samplings, as well as stresses on the problems of probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling.


Many years ago, telecommunications companies tended to transfer voice call over IP (Internet Protocol). The VoIP (Voice over IP) technology provides a cheaper alternate to traditional PSTN (Public Switching Telephone Network) phone lines. Also, VoIP integ


The article is devoted to revelation of genre originality of the curriculum vitae in J. London's book «John Barleycorn». The special attention is given to perception of the problem «person and civilization» in connection with the author's judgement of the process of historical development of the country. The originality of the character, feature of the art method, style of the book is revealed.


This article attempts to examine the metrical, textual and symbolic issues of the time-honoured ci poem "Nian Nu Jiao- Thoughts about Antiquity at the Red Cliff," written by Su Si (1036-1101) of the Song (960-1279) dynasty. This ci poem contains the writer's deep feelings aroused by the sight of the Red Cliff, the same in name as the place where the joint forces of Liu Bei (162-223) and Sun Quan (182-252) defeated a large northern army led by Cao Cao (115-220) back in the year 208. Virtually unequalled in popularity, this ci poem is also known for its tonal, caesural and textual problems. Besides these, the choice of symbol in one of its lines has suggested two vastly different interpretations. Without the solution to these problems, the correct interpretation of certain parts of this one-hundred-character ci poem is bound to remain elusive. This article aims at resolving all of these problems.


In this paper we explore the potential for, and application of, Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) methods for valuing transport externalities in less developed countries. We outline examples of monetary valuation, the contexts in which they are applied and the extent to which they are given official support. Two applications of the WTP approach in Santiago, Chile, are presented. The first involves a contingent valuation study of mortality risk due in part to pollution-related causes, and the second, a stated preference study for the valuation of road fatalities. Our conclusions are that the approaches, and particularly that based on stated preference methods, offer practical and consistent methods for establishing unit values in higher income developing countries. The numerical results derived from the WTP methods appear to justify a greater allocation of resources to safety and pollution countermeasures compared with those derived from more traditional approaches. Submitted to the Journal of Transport Economics and Policy November 1999 1. Department of Transport Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile Email: email@example.com 2. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Email: email@example.com 3. Department of City and Regional Planning, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


By means of the rank statistical method and the mean ranks of the incomplete fatigue life data, the distribution parameter estimation formulas are derived. After the mean and the standard deviation of the population distribution are deduced, the confidence limit of the incomplete fatigue life is presented according to t distribution theory. Two application examples of this method for the fatigue life prediction of the composite rotor and the rotor component in engine are given. In these examples, the results determined respectively by this method and the supposed complete life method are compared, and it is found that the safe life determined by this method is longer since the information of the incomplete life data is more fully used in this method.


With adoption of literature study,empirical study,mathematical statistics and Pareto cut sets methods,this paper reviewed the current situation of potential events of competitive sports in Shandong province and pointed out that Shandong province should focus on developing the potential events into advantageous events and keep pace with the national competitive sports and make Shandong province into a province strong in sports.


Economic system reformation in china .The reform not only includes the model change in the management and operation, but also includes the Management system transition.From the method and the experience in various countries6' Public utilities management,Price supervising and managing is one of the most important supervising and managing ways and methods.This paper mainly applied the theory and the method of Performance management,analysised the Characteristic and the question on the City public utilities in China,and provided several policy proposals to improve the Public fixed price mechanism.


Andre Breton, Surrealist the large head of him the pale face upon it, angry the graceless body of him Breton, his tread heavy on the sidewalk Breton, dispirited by New York and its barrage and its emptiness Sulking, Breton...


We address two questions using experimental data on disadvantaged women. First, what is the impact of being offered JTPA classroom training on the duration of unemployment and employment? Second, what is the effect of actually participating in this training on the length of such spells? Belonging to the treatment group shortens unemployment spells but has no effect on employment spells. Actually participating in training has a larger positive effect on the exit rate from unemployment than the effect of simply being a member of the treatment group. Ignoring the endogeneity of actual training in estimation substantially underestimates its effect.


The growth and development of the hospice is traced from its roots in medieval times to its modern form that emerged in the late 1960s. Three institutional forms of hospice are discussed. Examples of hospices serving largely black communities are cited. The need for the hospice in the black community, sources of support already available for the terminally ill and their families, and the scope of additional services are explored. Suggestions for implementation of the hospice in the black community include: (a) The hospice philosophy should be incorporated into the hospital setting; (b) the in-home hospice should be centered in the black church; and (c) as blacks become upwardly mobile, the model of the hospice as it currently exists may become more viable in the black community.


In the past 40 years the structure of the terrestrial video broadcasting never changed, both for analogue and digital broadcasting: One station supplies a large area with a radius of 50 km or more. However, to ensure the supply of the entire area, high transmission power is required. Another disadvantage is the fact that there is nearly no possibility to adjust the transmitter with respect to the local topography. To mitigate the above mentioned disadvantages, a new broadband antenna structure for circular polarized clustered networks is developed.


A study was made of the principal characteristics of holograms recorded in semiconductor-metal film systems. The holograms were found to be similar to thin phase gratings. The optimal thickness of each of the films was determined and factors limiting the diffracting efficiency of the holograms were identified.


A chroma scaling psychophysics experiment was conducted using a CRT in a dark surround. The experiment consisted of constant hue and lightness IPT step ramps on a uniform background. Each hue step ramp was displayed on an achromatic, a medium and a high chroma background. The results clearly show that chroma scaling is dependent on the chroma of the background. For the medium chroma backgrounds a modest crispening effect is evident. The results also show that chroma scaling on achromatic and high chroma backgrounds differ considerably. The data for the achromatic backgrounds are used to compare C*ab, CIECAM97s C, the revised CIECAM97s chroma, C and CIECAM02 C. One phase of the LUTCHI data is also used to verify the results from the visual experiment. CIECAM02 C and C F both provide good fits to the different data sets relative to C*ab. Furthermore, CIECAM02 C and CF both have considerably smaller intercepts for linear fits of the scale versus the correlate relative to CIECAM97s C.


Toward the inflation and high density of communication traffic and the requirements of the urgent tasks and business of emergency disaster, and making our system as the example, this paper has a discussion and research on the multi-function truckmounted mobile communication system and its relative techniques. It includes the building of system, composition, main application model and the analysis comparison of the common communication network building style.


PURPOSE
To investigate the expression of differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene l(DEC1)in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)and its clinical significance.

METHODS
Detection of the protein expression of DEC1 in tissue specimens from 80 primary OSCC patients and 30 cases of normal oral mucosa were performed using immunohistochemistry. SPSS10.0 software package was uses for statistical analysis.

RESULTS
The result of immunohistochemistry showed that positive expression rate of DEC1 in OSCC tissues was 92.50%, 5.00% in normal oral mucosa tissue. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In OSCC tissues, the difference in expression of DEC1 was statistically significant (P<0.05) between highly differentiated group and lowly differentiated group, between patients with lymph node metastasis and patients without lymph node metastasis.

CONCLUSIONS
The significantly increased DEC1 gene may be associated with the tumorigenesis and development of OSCC.


General aspects of electrodynamic equations for coaxial sources suggest that the plasma cluster injection rate is determined by the source length along with other factors. However, experiments showed that the cluster velocity is not a function of source length. An attempt was made to find the reason for such unexpected experimental results. (R.V.J.)


Recent research argues that individual risk aversion favors cooperation in social dilemmas. The argument focuses on conditional cooperation in repeated interaction. The more risk averse actors are, the less they are inclined to put at risk ongoing cooperative relationships by attempts at unilateral exploitation. I argue that this reasoning may not suffice to capture risk effects in exchange networks, where actors face both decisions about cooperation and decisions about selection of new partners. I present a model that combines both decisions. Consistent with previous analyses, the model predicts that individual risk aversion favors rational cooperation in ongoing dyadic exchanges. However, simulations also reveal that risk aversion may negatively affect cooperation through reduced mobility in partner search. If actors consider partner change as risky, then risk-averse actors may stick to sub-optimal relationships, even if better alternatives are available that allow for higher levels of cooperative exchanges. Further simulations show nonlinear effects of individual risk preferences on the density and efficiency of exchange networks.


l pseudoscience; religion and science; the implications of the historical physics-drama Copenhagen. We also present a timely article on the teaching of physics, and one on the restrictions of access to research data. We hope to continue with these and other problems in the near future. And we hope to hear from you, our readers! P.S. Given our difficult finances, it would be very helpful if those readers, who are not APS members, would send an annual $10 check, made out to APS, to the APS Special Publications Dept.


On study of enterprise cooperative innovation,Many researches have been done in theory,such as the cooperative innovation mode of games, choice factors analysis,succcess factors analysis,and soon.The paper will apply rise decision method to establish the choice model of enterprise cooperative innovation,and thus offering basis for enterprise cooperative innovation's decision in the mode of enterprise cooperative innovation.


The need to model quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at low energy is emphasized. An outline of the1/NC expansion of QCD, for large NC, shows the deep link between the Skyrme effective Lagrangian and QCD...


The Inggen-Ejin Qi basin,Inner Mongolia,is a Meso-Cenozoic continental basin,and pre-Mesozoic rocks constitute its basement.It entered the stage of downfaulted basin development in the Late Triassic-Jurassic and the stage of complete development in the Early Cretaceous.The Late Cretaceous was a subsidence stage and later the basin was in a state of compression and uplift.In the basin there were developed a Mid-Lower Jurassic petroleum-bearing system and a Lower Cretaceous petroleum-bearing system,and some subbasins have superior source,reservoir and seal conditions and combinations.Exploration practice has confirmed that there occurred hydrocarbon migration and accumulation,showing that the basin has good petroleum prospects.At present it is necessary to grasp the key exploration targets and,proceeding from favorable areas (zones) and traps,pay attention to the characteristics of the lacustrine sedimentary evolution and influences of magmatic rocks on the evolution of source rocks and petroleum accumulation.Only in this way,can a breakthrough in petroleum exploration be made and will a new situation of petroleum exploration be opened in the area.


Biological indicator organisms are widely used for monitoring and banking purposes since many years. Although the complexity of the interactions between bioorganisms and their environment is generally not easily comprehensible, environmental quality assessment using the bioindicator approach offers some convincing advantages compared to direct analysis of soil, water, or air. Direct measurement of air particulates is restricted to experienced laboratories with access to expensive sampling equipment. Additionally, the amount of material collected generally is just enough for one determination per sampling and no multidimensional characterization might be possible. Further, fluctuations in air masses have a pronounced effect on the results from air filter sampling. Combining the integrating property of bioindicators with the world wide availability and uniform matrix characteristics of air particulates as a prerequisite for global monitoring of air pollution will be discussed. A new approach for sampling urban dust using large volume filtering devices installed in air conditioners of large hotel buildings is assessed. A first experiment was initiated to collect air particulates (300 to 500 g each) from a number of hotels during a period of three to four months by successive vacuum cleaning of used inlet filters from high volume air conditioning installations reflecting average concentrations per three months in different large cities. This approach is expected to be upgraded and applied for global monitoring. Highly positive correlated elements were found in lichen such as K/S, Zn/P, the rare earth elements (REE) and a significant negative correlation between Hg and Cu was observed in these samples. The ratio of concentrations of elements in dust and Usnea spp. is highest for Cr, Zn, and Fe (400 200) and lowest for elements such as Ca, Rb, and Sr (20-10).


This article analyzed the final test papers of pharmacology for sevenyear program year 2003 students and five-year program year 2004 students majoring in clinical medicine in order to understand the students' knowledge mastery,assess teaching effects and ultimately improve the quality of our teaching.The results indicated that the difficulty and differentiation degree of the two test papers were appropriate,and the design of the two test papers was reasonable in evaluating the students' mastery of the course.The average score and the score of subjective questions for seven-year program students were lower than those for five-year program students,which might be related to greater mental pressure and unsolid specialty thoughts of the seven-year program students.The analysis revealed problems of the students and teaching,which provides basis for improvement of the quality of pharmacology teaching.


APPEARANCES Doug Schlief, appearing for Doug Schlief et al. Larry Dunlap, appearing for Larry Dunlap et al. Christine Gregoire, Attorney General, by David Slown, Assistant Attorney General, appearing for the Washington State Ferries. Schwerin, Campbell and Barnard, by Dmitri Iglitzin, Attorney, appearing for the Inlandboatmen's Union of the Pacific. Phil Olwell, appearing for Phil Olwell et al. NATURE OF THE PROCEEDING The Marine Employees' Commission held a single hearing to take evidence regarding five cases that involved the separation of the terminal agents group from a larger bargaining unit of ferry employees represented by the Inlandboatmen's Union of the Pacific (IBU) and that involved the subsequent bargaining affecting the separate terminal agents' bargaining unit. Through its designated Hearing Examiner, the Marine Employees Commission received testimony during four days of hearing. The five parties to the proceeding also submitted documentary evidence and written arguments. This Decision and Order by the designated


In French conventional railway track-bed, an interlayer was created, mainly from the interpenetration of ballast and subgrade. Field investigation showed that the ballast content decreases over dep...


In order to obtain the optimum drying method to product Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn chips,the effects of 6 dryingmethods including hot air drying,vacuum microwave drying,hot air-vacuum microwave combination drying,hot air-explosion puffing combination drying,vacuum microwave-explosion puffing combination drying and hot air-vacuum microwave-explosion puffing combination drying on physico-chemical properties( color,shrinkage,hardness,crispness,vitamin C,polyphenol and micro-structure) of dried Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn were investigated. The results showed that hot air drying had little effect on the color of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn chips,but the hardness and crispness were the worst,vitamin C and polyphenols were damaged gravely; vacuum microwave-dried lotus root chips had the highest retention of vitamin C and polyphenols,crispness was moderate,but its hardness,crimp,ΔE and browning degree were not preferable; Compared with single dried-products,the qualities of the four kinds of combination-dried lotus root chips were improved. And shrinkage and browning degrees of hot air-vacuum microwave-explosion puffing combination-dried lotus root chips were significantly lower than vacuum microwave-dried products; vitamin C and polyphenols retention of this drying method had an obvious advantage over hot air drying; hardness and crispness of crisp were moderate and organizational structures were porous. Overall,hot air-vacuum microwave-explosion puffing combination drying method was the most suitable way for processing Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn chips among all the six drying methods.


In this paper, an approach to deal with the multi-objective programming problem is regulated by means of probability-based multi-objective optimization, discrete uniform experimental design, and sequential algorithm for optimization. The probability-based method for multi-objective optimization is used to conduct conversion of the multi-objective optimization problem into a single-objective optimization one in the viewpoint of probability theory. The discrete uniform experimental design is used to supply an efficient sampling to simplify the conversion. The sequential algorithm for optimization is employed to carry out further optimization. The corresponding treatments reveal the essence of the multiobjective programming, and consideration of the simultaneous optimization of each objective of multi-objective programming problem rationally. Two examples are conducted to illuminate the rationality of the approach.


Abstract : This thesis investigates the manpower alternatives for accomplishing the duties required of a Navy Drug Detector Dog (DDD) handler. The feasibility of substituting civil service or private sector contractor handlers for military handlers is examined to determine the least cost manpower alternative consistent with government requirements. Economic cost estimates for performing the DDD handler function are developed for each of the manpower alternatives. Manpower costs for the three alternatives are compared. Conclusions and recommendations concerning the staffing of DDD handler billets are provided.


In this communication we report the study of novel optical fibers doped by semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Different approaches have been investigated to realize liquid-core fibers filled with PbSe QDs and hollow-core fibers with deposition of layers of these nanoparticles. The optical characterization demonstrates good levels of QD emission which can be tunable over a wide range of IR wavelengths. Finally, for the first time, we propose also the fabrication of PbS QDs solid-core fibers by melt and draw technique. These promising results could give birth to a new family of amplifiers and laser photonic devices.


This fetus had ascites disproportionate to hydrops, with peritoneal calcification and dense bowel loop adhesions, which were suggestive of meconium peritonitis. Literature search revealed reports of 25 cases of meconium peritonitis with nonimmune hydrops fetalis to date. Of these cases, the cause of peritonitis with hydrops could be elucidated in only nine cases. Of these, six cases had parvovirus B19 infection, one case each had maternal cytomegalovirus and hepatitis B infection and one case was associated with chorioangioma of placenta. The etiology of hydrops is not known in other cases. In our case, the mother was negative for HbsAg, IgM antibodies for cytomegalovirus and had negative PCR for parvovirus B19. In addition to hydrops and meconium peritonitis, this fetus had ambiguous external genitalia with female internal genitalia, female karyotype, anal atresia and unilateral renal agenesis. These associated findings suggested the possibility of URSM sequence in the fetus. We could not demonstrate the presence of fistula owing to dense bowel adhesions. URSM sequence is thought to arise due to incomplete division of the primitive cloaca and lack of breakdown of the cloacal membrane. Deficiency of mesoderm in the caudal region of the embryo has been suggested as the basic cause for URSM sequence. The unusual finding in this case was the presence of a normal anus. Sudheer et al. have reported a similar case with URSM sequence associated with a normal anal opening (Sudheer and D'Souza, 2001). We propose that in this case the intestinal obstruction owing to high anal atresia must have led to leakage of meconium into the peritoneal cavity leading to meconium peritonitis, fetal hydrops with ascites, adhesion of bowel loops and peritoneal calcification. Although intestinal obstruction is known to cause meconium peritonitis and URSM sequence is usually associated with intestinal obstruction, there are no reports in literature of these two features occurring together. This is the first report of a case of URSM sequence presenting as nonimmune hydrops fetalis. This may have implications in management of cases with nonimmune hydrops fetalis.


recently the supply chain employer branding strategy has gain attention in business and efficiency of jobs. It is essential deficiency of skilled staff in many fields of activity is observed. The stronger the employer brand is the stronger is the fundamental base of strategic success of the organization due to the inflow of professionals. Process of forming the employer brand is considered, instruments of realization of the personnel processes influencing forming the internal the employer brand which is a basis of economic success of the organization are offered. The cyclic model of forming the employer brand allows improving step by step the employer brand of the organization in independence of its scale and activity, thereby contributing to the development of personnel potential. Tools on diagnostics of the existing employer brand in the form of the questionnaire which is approved in the analysis of a condition of the employer brand of two holdings – medical and restaurant are developed, checked for validity. Problems in forming the employer brand of the studied organizations are revealed. Actions for strengthening of the employer brand are realized; their efficiency by means of application of the questionnaire repeatedly at an interval of one year is checked. Influence of actions for forming the employer brand on personnel capacity of the studied organizations is revealed.


In a recent paper, Zhang and George [Phys. Rev. B 66, 033110 (2002)] have made an application of the Hellmann-Feynman theorem (HFT) to calculate forces acting on an atom of the buckyball ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ when subjected to small displacement. They noticed inconsistent results (as compared with that by other method) for forces connected with states belonging to a degenerate-energy level. However a sum of all such HFT forces for a given level was found consistent. Therefore they proposed the average force to be the representative of all forces connected with a degenerate level. Our analysis of these difficulties, based on degenerate perturbation theory, leads to modification of the HFT in application to degenerate-level states. By solving a matrix eigenequation of the extended HFT, as many forces are obtained as degeneracy of the level amounts. The diagonalized matrix involves unperturbed states only. Our considerations are illustrated by a simple system---a particle moving in a harmonic confinement, where forces are connected with anisotropic deformation of an isotropic confinement.


The determination of the shapes of mortality curves, the estimation and projection of mortality patterns over time, and the investigation of differences in mortality patterns across different small underdeveloped populations have received special attention in recent years. The challenges involved in this type of problems are the common sparsity and the unstable behavior of observed death counts in small areas (populations). These features impose many difficulties in the estimation of reasonable mortality schedules. In this chapter, we present a discussion about this problem and we introduce the use of relational Bayesian dynamic models for estimating and smoothing mortality schedules by age and sex. Preliminary results are presented, including a comparison with a methodology recently proposed in the literature. The analyzes are based on simulated data as well as mortality data observed in some Brazilian municipalities.


From Septembe in 1946 to December in 1947, we made observations on the composition of body length of Trachurus japmicus (Temminck & Schlegel) and its number of rings found in scale at Tomioka to presume its age. As a result of this we could seperate seven age-groups in those individuals below 350mm in body length. Further, according to this consideration, the most part of the eatch at the said districts were under II-age, those over III-age being quite rare.


SUMMARY The beekeeping is a farming activity orientated to the young of bees in order to obtain benefits derived from the sale of apicultural products and the pollinating action on the cultivates. It's a sector distributed mainly in Castilla and Leon with 16% of the total of operations, of which the majority is nonprofessional and permanent. They are followed in importance by Galicia with 14.3% of operations, and Andalucia with 13% where the non professional beehives with seasonal migrations are similar. Within the communitarian perspective, Spain occupies the first place in the census with the 17.1% of the total of beehives of Europe, with an exporting volume of 27,9%; the main destinies are France and Germany. In the extracommunitarian plane, Spain imports honey


AIM To assess the parameters of global and regional left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with different-Killip-class anterior myocardial infarction by the technology of radionuclide ventriculography.METHODS A control group of 15 cases(G0),17 cases with Killip-I-class anterior myocardial infarction(G1) and 12 cases with Killip-Ⅱ-and-Ⅲ-class anterior myocardial infarction(G2) were included in the study and the parameters of global and regional left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were assessed in the three groups.RESULTS ①For left ventricular global systolic function,the two parameters of LVEF and ESC in G1 were significantly different compared with that in G0(P0.05),and the parameters in G2 were significantly different compared with those in G1 and G0 respectively (P0.05).The three parameters of PER 1/3EF and 1/3ER in G2 were significantly different compared with those in G1and G0 respectively(P0.05).②For left ventricular global diastolic function,the four parameters of PFR,1/3FF,1/3FR and EDS in G1 were significantly different compared with those in G0(P0.05) and the parameters in G2 were significantly different compared with those in G1 and G0 respectively(P0.05) ③For left ventricular regional systolic function,the parameters of LVREF in G1 were reduced significantly in four segments compared with those in G0(P0.05) and the parameters of LVREF in G2 were significantly reduced in all the six segments compared with those in G1 and G0 respectively(P0.05).④For left ventricular regional diastolic function,the parameters of LVR1/3FF in G1 were significantly reduced in four segments compared with those in G0(P0.05) and the parameters of LVR1/3FF in G2 were significantly reduced in all the six segments compared with those in G1 and Go respectively(P0.05).CONCLUSION The factors for heart failure after anterior myocardial infarction include left ventricular remodeling,decrease of left ventricular systolic function and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.


An article comprising a nickel substrate containing a coating, wherein said coating comprises at least two sections including a first section containing at least 50% by weight of Al2Ni21O23 and a second section containing at least 50% by weight of Al2Ni4O4.


In this article, we analyze the Petrov‐Galerkin immersed finite element method (PG‐IFEM) when applied to one‐dimensional elliptic interface problems. In the PG‐IFEM (T. Hou, X. Wu and Y. Zhang, Commun. Math. Sci., 2 (2004), 185‐205, and S. Hou and X. Liu, J. Comput. Phys., 202 (2005), 411‐445), the classic immersed finite element (IFE) space was taken as the trial space while the conforming linear finite element space was taken as the test space. We first prove the inf‐sup condition of the PG‐IFEM and then show the optimal error estimate in the energy norm. We also show the optimal estimate of the condition number of the stiffness matrix. The results are extended to two dimensional problems in a special case.


The purpose of this study is to see the effect of return on assets (ROA), company size, and debt to equity ratio to earnings per share (EPS). The analytical tool used in this study uses multiple regression analysis consisting of 3 (three) independent variables and 1 (one) dependent variable using the SPSS 20 application. Based on the results of the regression analysis and hypotheses performed, it shows that partially return on assets and measures the company has a positive and significant effect on earnings per share. While the debt to equity ratio has no significant effect on earnings per share. Keywords: return on assets, company size, debt to equity ratio, earnings per share


Gathering very accurate spatially explicit data related to the distribution of mean annual precipitation is required when laying the groundwork for the prevention and mitigation of water-related disasters. In this study, four Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) models were compared to estimate the spatial distribution of mean annual precipitation of the selected areas. Meteorological data from 48 meteorological stations were used, and spatial correlations between three meteorological factors and two topological factors were analyzed to improve the mapping results including annual precipitation, average temperature, average water vapor pressure, elevation, and distance to coastline. Some missing annual precipitation data were estimated based on their historical probability distribution and were assimilated as soft data in the BME method. Based on this, the univariate BME, multivariate BME, univariate BME with soft data, and multivariate BME with soft data analysis methods were compared. The estimation accuracy was assessed by cross-validation with the mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The results showed that multivariate BME with soft data outperformed the other methods, indicating that adding the spatial correlations between multivariate factors and soft data can help improve the estimation performance.


. It is proved that the development of modern business is influenced by many external factors, were named «global problems» of humanity. Annually, the number and depth of humanity's global problems is only increasing. It is proved that all global problems are interconnected and form the so-called "global syndrome". Finding out about the global problems of humanity will help you better understand the future prospects for the development of world and individual businesses. It is determined that the world business is now in the third wave of development namely "prosumer economics"; changing views on the effectiveness of the enterprise; reorientation and transformation of mass production enterprises to small-scale or flexible production under the order of a specific consumer; transform large corporations, reorienting themselves into business structures; transition of the world business to the active use of information technologies. These trends indicate a change in the modern sustainable account a new stage of the evolutionary development of world business and modern global trends in the formation of business structures. The prerequisites for the formation of business structures are generalized. The main prerequisites for the formation of renew business structures in the context of modern globalized space are the following: permanent changes in the external and internal economic conditions of an enterprise, caused by instability of socio-economic processes in the national economy, to which it must constantly adapt;the modern enterprise must reach the mega level, becoming a subject of international relations, joining the pegonal and economic and economic associations and transnational corporations, international corporations; by increasing the convergence process as a long-term goal of convergence between countries or regions, due to the impact of globalization and the rise in investment potential, the speed of experience and technology; implementation of new ways of organizing production and marketing of products due to the rapid development of new technologies, global processes of globalization and integration; formation of a single system of international planning and distribution of material goods, the formation of a joint world-wide government in context to transformation (or merger) into a complex integrated business structure.


Jewel CAD-CAM is a core fundamental course.By contrast to the industry requirements and Jewel CAD-CAM curriculum design,the paper put forwards the backwardness of this course.So the paper hope to reform and innovate the content of this course,applying to the industry requirements and new teaching concepts.By this way,students will acquire knowledge and apply it in the near future.


P-type conducting undoped tin oxide thin film gas sensor is fabricated by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering method and calcination technique. Physical characteristics of the undoped tin oxide thin films have been analyzed by Spectroscopic ellipsometer, x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope, and atomic force microscopy. According to the ethanol sensitivity properties of the sensors, we find that the calcination temperature and the thickness of the films are correlated with the special p-type conducting type; the p-type ultrathin film (10 nm) gas sensor shows better gas sensitivity and less baseline shift. XRD studies indicate that the preferred unidentified diffraction peak at 33.082° favors the formation of p-type conducting. When the intensities of unidentified diffraction peak increases, the gas sensing properties is largely promoted. The response time of the p-type sensor is less than 1 s to 1000 ppm ethanol.


Abstract: Vegetation phenology is considered a sensitive indicator of terrestrial ecosystem response to global climate change. We used a satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index to investigate the spatiotemporal changes in the green-up date over the Three-Rivers Headwater Region (TRHR) from 1999 to 2013 and characterized their driving forces using climatic data sets. A significant advancement trend was observed throughout the entire study area from 1999 to 2013 with a linear tendency of 6.3 days/decade ( p < 0.01); the largest advancement trend was over the Yellow River source region (8.6 days/decade, p < 0.01). Spatially, the green-up date increased from the southeast to the northwest, and the green-up date of 87.4% of pixels fell between the 130th and 150th Julian day. Additionally, about 91.5% of the study area experienced advancement in the green-up date, of which 80.2%, mainly distributed in areas of vegetation coverage increase, experienced a significant advance. Moreover, it was found that the green-up date and its trend were significantly correlated with altitude. Statistical analyses showed that a 1-°C increase in spring temperature would induce an advancement in the green-up date of 4.2 days. We suggest that the advancement of the green-up date in the TRHR might be attributable principally to warmer and wetter springs.


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I agree that enteric biopsy holds promise as a tool for early— perhaps even premotor—confirmation of α-synuclein pathology during life.1 Recent data from 9 subjects with PD at Rush University2 were confirmatory. However, Beach et al.3 reported that α-synuclein staining from full-thickness colon specimens was inconsistent in subjects with PD, and absent in those with incidental Lewy body …


PSYCHOLOGICAL EMERGENCY ATTENDANCE: A PRACTICE WHICH CONSOLIDATES ITSELF The purpose of this study is to point out some pertinent aspects of a Psychological Emergency Attendance Service implantation at the Universidade do Sagrado Coracao (Bauru/Sao Paulo). This service offers psychological emergency attendance to the community who spontaneously request such service without any previous scheduling. The service was implanted as an experimental practice in 2000 and since then it has been developing and consolidating itself as a new type of clinical attendance producing researches, studies, extension projects and practices. The Psychological Emergency Attendance has arisen as a service to attend the Brazilian suffering needs which has its origin in the current political, social, and economical situation, providing a psychological attention to the suffering and urgency of the contemporary human being.


The association of abnormal liver function tests are not uncommon encounter in diabetes mellitus patients. Previous data on evaluation of liver function tests in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus showed considerable debates, so this study is conducted to evaluate the comparison of LFTs in patients with type 1 and type 2 DM. It is a case control comparative study included biochemically and clinically confirmed 25 cases of Type 1 DM and 25 cases of Type 2 DM (age ranges 12-60Years) and results are compared with each other and also with 25 age and sex matched healthy controls. LFTs were performed using standard methods. Our study shows that serum AST (SGOT), ALT(SGPT), ALP, GGT significantly increase in type 2 DM patients when compared to type 1 DM subjects. No association was observed in values of serum total bilirubin, total protein and albumin of type 2 DM subject when compared to type 1 DM. Thus the emerging evidence suggests the abnormal LFTs may be markerfor diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes mellitus.


This paper examines the temtorial features of the in-bond plants (IBP) in contemporary Mexico. The first part of the paper exposes the theoretical positions underlying this research, followed by an overview of the geographical distribution of IBP, both in terms of the number of plants and job creation, along the Mexico-US borderlands. The last section reveals the direction of IBP territorial linkages, already trigged towards the hterior of Mexico.


A water-soluble fluorescent probe BPN, by introducing a piperazine as the pH-sensitive fluorescence signaling motif to the hydrophilic propionic acid-substituted 1, 8-naphthalimide fluorophore, is highly sensitive to pH changes within cytoplasm matrix in living cells, as well as pH-related diseases models. Owing to the protonation-induced inhibition of the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from piperazine to naphthalimide fluorophore, BPN displayed a significant fluorescence enhancement (more than 131-fold) upon the pH decreasing from 11.0 to 3.0. The linear rang was between pH 6.4 to 8.0 with a pKa value of 6.69 near the physiological pH, which was suitable for cytosolic pH research. Furthermore, BPN exhibited a large Stokes shift (142 nm), good water solubility, excellent photostability, high selectivity and low cytotoxicity. All these advantages were particularly beneficial for intracellular pH imaging. Using BPN, we demonstrated the real-time monitoring of cytosolic pH changes in living cells. Most importantly, BPN has not only been successfully applied for distinguishing inflammation mice, but also the surgical specimens of cancer tissue, making it of great potential application in the cancer diagnosis.


Work this quarter focused on expanding the core matrix of gasification of pre-annealed Saran char to include reactions to very low extents of carbon conversion, to relatively high extents of conversion, and using different gas compositions than originally planned.


Space vector control Simulink model is developed and investigated. Physical phenomena occuring in AC motor during mentioned control usage and results are discussed.


This paper discusses the politics of multilateral trade negotiations. The failure of the WTO Ministerial Conference at Cancun has raised concerns about the viability of the multilateral trading system. As the WTO negotiations have become bogged down, this paper attempts to provide some guidance by looking at some of the lessons learnt from the past. It further suggests possible options for the WTO as Members attempt to bring the Doha Round negotiations back on track. Having been a negotiator in the Uruguay Round, the author provides practical insights into the negotiating history and negotiating dynamics, from when the Uruguay Round was launched, and analyses how the multilateral trading system and the dynamics of negotiations have changed over time from the GATT to the WTO.


The separation between single particle levels in nuclei plays the dominant role in determining the location of the neutron drip line. The separation also provides a test of current crossed shell model interactions if the experimental data is such that multiple shells are involved. The present work uses the $^{14}$N(d, p)$^{15}$N reaction to extract the 2s$_{1/2}$, and 1d$_{5/2}$ total neutron single particle strengths and then compares these results with a shell model calculation using a p-sd crossed shell interaction to identify the J$^\pi$ of all levels in $^{15}$N up to 12.8 MeV in excitation.


This paper presents the next development stage of baseband-transparent modulators for digital microwave amplifiers. A modulator, used for encoding the baseband signal into a bitstream suitable for digital outphasing amplification, is presented. Once implemented, it is flexible enough to accommodate a variety of amplifier circuits only by exchanging information stored in a table in memory. This is the first time a complete transmitter chain based on digital outphasing is evaluated with wideband modulated baseband signals. Without an external DPD, measurements of the overall system shows adjacent channel leakage ratios of 57 dB for a 5 MHz wide signal, easily surpassing the 3GPP base-station specification of 45 dB, and reach 44 dB for 20 MHz wide signals at a 900 MHz carrier.


The aim of the paper is to describe the history of three Nahua borrowings that found their way into Czech and Slovak: chocolate, cocoa and chilli. Attention is paid to their formal evolution during the adaptation in both Slavic languages since early documentations till today.


A central tenet of public libraries is the idea of equal access to its information resources by all irrespective of age, background, educational level or economic status. These libraries however cannot be immune from the economic and technological developments that are reshaping social and cultural institutions globally. These changes are forcing public libraries to shift from their traditional operational modes of granting free access to information to all with books on the shelves to exploring new technology in order to survive in today's market driven economy and maintain their relevancy in the scheme of information delivery. Such new operations and services require more funds than the government have been able to provide. Public libraries are therefore being constrained to open up new revenue streams and the attachment of fees to their services is a most veritable option. This survey therefore examines fee based library services in the five South East states public libraries. The types of services for which these libraries charge fees and the rationale for setting prices for such services are also studied. Data was also collected from the staff and users of the State Public Libraries through questionnaires and interviews. The data was analyzed using statistics and tables. It was discovered that the five State Public Libraries charge fees for core service. The study while recommending that alternative sources of income for the State Public Libraries should be explored also recommends that they should resuscitate their bindery and book depot services.


SUMMARY A hierarchical robot sensory system being developed for industrial robotics is described. At each level of the hierarchy, sensory interpretative processes are guided by expectancy-generating modeling processes. The modeling processes are driven by a priori knowledge (object prototypes), by knowledge of the robot's movements (feed-forward from the control system), and by feedback from the interpretative processes (prior state of the sensory world). At the lowest level, the senses (vision, proximity, tactile, force, joint angle, etc.) are handled separately; above this level, they are integrated into a multi-model world model. At successively higher levels, the interpretative and modeling processes describe the world with successively higher order constructs, and over successively longer time periods. Each level of the modeling hierarchy provides output, in parallel, to guide the corresponding levels of a hierarchical robot control system.


Through extensively reviewed the relevant literature and combination of classical theories of TCM,this article draws conclusion that phlegm-damp obstructing body is the main pathogenesis of PCOS,and the phlegm-dampness constitution is important pathologic basis for PCOS insulin resistance and metabolic disorders.PCOS with phlegm-dampness syndrome is more closely related with insulin resistance.Based on the effects of PCOS treated with traditional Chinese medicine,it is proved that the pathogenesis theory of "phlegm obstructing uterus".


The dynamic mechanical properties of homogeneous copolymers of ethylene with 1-butene, 1-octene, and 1-octadecene prepared by means of a vanadium-based catalyst system have been determined. The 1-butene copolymers show α′ and α transitions in the 20–60°C temperature range, whereas the 1-octene and 1-octadecene copolymers show single α transitions. The intensity of the β transition increases with comonomer content in 1-butene and 1-octene copolymers and also with the amount of interfacial material present. In ethylene-1-octadecene copolymers, this intensity is comparatively low, even though there is about 20% interfacial material present. The implications of these results with regard to the nature of interfacial material are discussed.


In order to assess the capability of structures, exhibiting both 3-D effects (such as torsion) and non-linear behaviour, to withstand earthquake loads as well as seismic loads induced to their equipments, a research project has been set up by CEA and EDF. This paper presents the fist part of 'SMART-2008' project, which consists in a predictive benchmark of a 3 storeys reinforced concrete structure scaled to 1/4 , which will be tested on AZALEE shaking table in 2008 at EMSI Laboratory – CEA SACLAY. INTRODUCTION Reinforced concrete (RC) buildings exhibiting 3D (i.e. torsion) effects and non-linear response are a main concern in the field of earthquake research and regulation. In the last decade, several RC specimens have been tested under seismic excitations as part of "Camus" program in order to study the seismic behaviour of shear walls, but without significant 3D effects. In order to assess the capability of buidings to withstand earthquake loads as well as seismic loads induced to their equipments, a reduced scaled model of a RC building with 3D effects will be tested in 2008 on AZALEE shaking table, which belongs to Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) in Saclay (France) as part of "SMART-2008 project" (Seismic design and best-estimate Methods Assessment for Reinforced concrete buildings subjected to T rsion and non-linear effects). This project is supported by Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) and Electricité de France (EDF). A blind predictive benchmark will be organised before the tests. The objectives of this paper is to present the aim and the schedule of the benchmark as well as the main characteristics of the specimen. SMART PROJECT OBJECTIVE The aim of the present benchmark is (1) to compare and validate approaches used for the dynamic responses evaluation of RC structures subjected to earthquakes and exhibiting both 3D (i.e. torsion) and non-linear behaviours, (2) to evaluate loads induced to internal equipments, and (3) to quantify margins in design methodologies and to carry out realistic methods to quantify variability in order to produce fragility curves. The benchmark is divided in 3 phases : 1 phase : Blind prediction contest The prediction contest will be blind and finally compared to test results at various levels of seismic excitation (including "under-design" and high "over-design" levels). The modelling of the structure will be conducted based on conventional data, as usually used for basic design studies. The seismic input motion selected consists in design spectra and bi-axial horizontal accelerograms (real and synthetic accelerograms). The objectives are (1) to evaluate conventional design methods for structural dynamic response and floor response spectra calculations and (2) to compare best-estimate methods for structural dynamic response and floor response spectra evaluation including various practices, depending on participants experiences (linear equivalent approaches, non-linear approaches, ...). 2 phase : Test campaign on Azalée Shaking Table The 1 phase will be followed by a 1 st test campaign at a low seismic level (3 real accelerograms, near and far – pga = 0.05g). The objectives are both (1) to get more experimental datas at low non-linearities to facilitate post-adjustments (cf. phase 3) and (2) to generate artificial ageing in the mock-up. This 1 st test campaign will be followed by a second campaign using synthetic accelerograms with increasing pga level (from 0.1g to 1.0g with a 0.1g increase). SMiRT 19, Toronto, August 2007 Transactions, Paper # K15/4


Aerodynamical design is one of the critical technologies in race car engineering, and favorable race car aerodynamics is supposed to provide sufficient negative lift force and keep the center of pressure in the vicinity of center of mass. Taking the Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (FSAE) cars as an example, side wing structure is frequently adopted for better grip in the mid-back of short wheelbase, open wheel race cars. This research designs a shutter-like fairing structure and utilizes it to weaken the vorticity and reinforce the pressure of side wing flow field. The sensitivity of side wing aerodynamic efficiency to shutters' key parameters is analyzed, and optimized shutters' key parameters for a prototype FSAE race car are obtained through computational fluid dynamics simulations. Results indicate that over 10% enhancement in side wing aerodynamic efficiency can be achieved by applying optimized shutters.


Charge-transporting organic semiconductors are an important class of materials that play crucial roles in electronic and optoelectronic devices such as organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), [1] thin film transistors, and photovoltaic cells. OLEDs, that have organic hole-and electron-transport layers sandwiched between two electrodes, show low driving voltage and bright emission and are of importance for application to full color flat-panel displays and lighting. Since electron mobilities in organic materials, in general, are several orders of magnitude lower than hole mobilities, [2] electron-transport materials (ETMs) with high electron mobility are required to further improve OLED performance. To achieve an effective electron injection and transport in an OLED, a high conductive n-doped electron-transport layer is developed by Kido [3] and Leo [4,5] by coevaporation of ETM and highly active alkaline metal of Li and Cs. In this case, a hole-and exciton-block buffer layer is indispensable to prevent exciton quenching in the emissive layer by the dopants in the electron-transport layer. This may induce more complexity of device structure and thus higher cost for applications to flat-panel displays and lighting.


Abstract The purpose of this project was to implement and compare engineering to administrative and personal protective noise control methods for a double-end router. Noise dosimetry in a woodworking shop indicated an exposure dose of 950 percent for a time period of 3 hours, an exposure dose equivalent to 113.3 dBA which requires an immediate implementation of a hearing conservation program. An effective program would include noise monitoring, annual audiometric testing, and annual training covering the effects of exposure to noise, the proper use and maintenance of hearing protection equipment provided, and the purpose of the audiometric testing for all exposed employees. In addition, audiograms and noise monitoring results should be retained for evaluation and comparison. Several methods of engineering control were studied including changing the router's blades from brazed-on carbide to insert-carbide blades which resulted in an initial 5-dB drop. A barrier wall which altered the path of sound provided...


Filter media comprising zinc oxide particles disposed on the surface of the activated carbon particles and activated carbon particles. Zinc oxide particles have an average crystallite size of about 50nm or less. .The


In order to examine the regulatory function in glucidic metabolism of the pigeon pineal gland the authors used the model of complete pancreatectomy associated or not with pinealectomy and treatment with Epifizan. It results that the pineal gland has a hypoglycemic action and partially compensates the lack of the endocrine pancreas.


A reflection-cancellation circuit on a silicon-on-insulator platform is used to stabilize a quantum well-distributed feedback (QWDFB) laser against real-time changing back-reflections. The demonstrated optical insertion loss is 2.5 dB for 15 dB of isolation/cancellation.


The invention concerns a castable curable compound for the production of plastic mouldings, the compound comprising a syrup containing acrylic acid monomers and/or derivatives thereof. In order to ensure that the mouldings manufactured from the compound have better resistance to boiling, the invention proposes that an additional component of the formula (I) is added, the additional component having an ethylenically unsaturated group of the formula (II) -R5-R6 and/or a group of the formula (III), the syrup optionally also containing a prepolymer, in particular PMMA, as well as 50 to 90 % by wt., relative to the total weight, of a particulate inorganic filler, plus pigments and a radical-initiator system, the viscosity of the final compound being less than 100 Pa s and the ratio of the sum of the contents of the acrylic acid monomers and their derivatives to the sum of the contents of the other components and the PMMA being 99:1 to 30:70 by weight, and the ratio, in the presence of PMMA, of the total content of the other components to the PMMA being at least 5:95 by weight.


The purpose of this study was to consider maternal contributions to the development of spontaneous mastery. Thirty infants with cerebral palsy and 31 normally developing infants were videotaped in solitary free play and developmentally assessed at 18 months of age. Mastery behavior was assessed using the spontaneous mastery measure (Hmcir, Speller, & West, 1985) an adaptation of the Belsky and Most (1981) play scale, and scores were calculated from the free play situation. Maternal involvement was observed using the Parent/Caregiver Involvement Scale (PCIS) (Farran, Kasari, Comfort, & Jay, 1986). Mothers' ability to adapt their interactions to the developmental needs of their children was assessed. The results showed that mothers in the two groups did not differ in the quality and appropriateness of interaction with their infants. Matemal involvement scores contributed significantly to both sponanteous mastery and developmental level regardless of risk status. Implications for service providers are to focus their intervention not only on risk factors but also on protective factors, including parental adaptability and competence, that may influence the infant's developmental outcomes.


In this target article, Whitehouse and Lanman present a general
and testable theory of the relationship between ritual,
cohesion, and cooperation. They frame their theory in terms of
empirically verifiable hypotheses by fractionating key concepts
like ritual and cohesion and examining the relationship between
certain of their constituent parts. This is an admirable and
ambitious undertaking and an approach that constitutes a
welcome contribution to ritual studies, a subdiscipline which
has been known for neither the precision nor the testability of
its claims. Although I agree with much of the overarching
argument and most of the specific hypotheses put forward, I
worry that the breadth required by a general theory is often at
odds with the narrow focus of a fractionating strategy, which
is by definition selective. One example of this clash is
related to dysphoria, which is the most discussed concept in
this paper.


Abstract Land grid array (LGA) sockets are commonly used for industry standard and custom microprocessors to meet the increased performance challenges for a variety of server applications. Along with the need for increased high speed signaling capabilities comes the challenge to support lower voltages and higher currents. Typical testing that is conducted by the LGA socket suppliers does not provide an accurate assessment of the maximum current capabilities in a real product application due to the test card design and construction limitations. Typical test card designs use daisy chain connections to wire multiple LGA socket contacts in series. The daisy chain wiring in the test card adds to the resistive heating and results in an inaccurate maximum current rating. Also, the test cards typically do not have a cross section construction that is representative of a real product application with multiple ground planes that provide improved thermal dissipation of the heat generated by the LGA socket interface....


*We thank Dr. Annie Rooney French and Earl Trevor of the Kentucky Department of Education for their assistance in explaining details of the state program and Kentucky's Head Start program. However, all errors are solely the responsibility of the authors.


Summary Ten outpatients suffering from anxiety states (Anxiety Disorders: DSM-III) were treated with L-5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa. A significant reduction in anxiety was observed on three different anxiety scales. It is suggested that 5-HT systems may be involved in the mediation of anxiety.


To overcome disadvantages of conventional pre-distortion structures,a new pre-distortion method using a dual-loop structure was proposed,in which direct and indirect learning structures were combined.The new method avoided convergence problem of adaptive algorithm,while having a high anti-noise performance.In addition,a signal equalizer was used to compensate for linear distortion of forward and feedback branches in adaptive pre-distortion circuit.The final spectrum,constellation chart and bit-error ratio simulation demonstrated the feasibility of the method,which had a better linearity than the previous methods.


Traces of old Slav literacy date back to the second half of the ninth century. The first missionaries among the Slavs were the educators and monks, brothers Cyril (827–869) and Methodius (?–885), who compiled the Old Slavic alphabet. The basis of this alphabet was the ancient Greek cursive script. The Slavic alphabet led to the appearance of mathematical literacy among the Old Slavs, which means among the Serbs too. Numerals were written using letters, following the Greek alphabetic system. As well as showing how the 27 letters were used to write numbers from 1 to 999, this paper will show how the Old Slavs also used alphabetical letters to write much larger numbers. They also had special names for large numbers. Further, we shall present the traces of the Old Slavic ways of writing numbers, such as can be found in old inscriptions on medieval monastery arches, old charts, and medieval Serbian books. Most commonly, they denoted dates or quantities.


Background: In Colombia, most traditional cocoa crops are developed under agroforestry systems (SAF), associating shrubs and trees that provide shade for cocoa. They generate additional economic income and various ecosystem services. Objective:  To characterize agroforestry systems with cocoa in three municipalities in eastern Boyacá (Miraflores, Berbeo, and Páez) belonging to the province of Lengupá. Methodology: A semi-structured interview was applied in 15 selected farms to learn about socioeconomic aspects, agronomic management of cocoa, and the use and management of trees. The botanical and structural composition and the Simpson (S), Shannon-Weaver (H´), and Jaccard (J) plant diversity indices were determined. Results: Cocoa producers in that region develop smallholder production under agroforestry systems with irregular tree species distribution, which are used for wood, firewood, shade, and food. At the regional level, 189 forest individuals accompanying cocoa were found, grouped into 18 families, 17 genera, and 28 species. The municipality of Berbeo presented the highest abundance (73 individuals), followed by Miraflores (67) and finally, Páez (49). In Berbeo, the species with a high importance value index (IVI) were Ceiba pentandra and Cedrela odorata (35 and 33, respectively), in Miraflores Trichanthera gigantea and Persea americana (44 and 42) and, in Páez Cedrela odorata (104). Implications: The selective felling of forests in SAF with cocoa, which intensifies the production of wood, has favored the loss of diversity; Therefore, the floristic composition studies serve as a basis to identify other potential forest species for the establishment of SAF to promote the diversification of the productive system and contribute to its resilience and sustainability. Conclusion: The agroforestry systems with cocoa in three municipalities in eastern Boyacá presented a differential composition and diversity, marked by a lower diversity in the municipality of Páez, where the species C. odorata had greater representation, related to the affinity of farmers for timber species of commercial interest.


The structure of rotary eddy current retarder is introduced.Rotate design of orthogonal regression is brought forward to analyze the sensitivities of each structure parameters to braking torque.Experimentation validation are processed.The test results and analysis are basis on the optimal design of retarder and development for series production.


Afrotan tannery was established in 1983 in Albageer Industrial Area- Algazeera State - Sudan. It tans about 20000 skins per day and generates high amount of waste water. Beside the tannery, there are three units of waste water treatment. These treatment units precipitate high amounts of sludge in sedimentation tanks of these units. The tannery collects all this sludge, treats by adding Aluminum sulphate, lime and Poly electrolyte respectively, dewaters by pressing by centrifuge machine and fills it in land. The aim of this study is to determine and to investigate the parameters in sludge before treatment (slurry sludge) and after treatment (dewatered sludge). The analysis was carried out by using standards methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, Edition 20, (1998). The results showed that the values of BOD, COD, TVS, NH3, NH4, NO3, SO3, SO4, Cl, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Al and Cr in slurry sludge (before treatment) were found to be 33600 mg/l, 56000 mg/l, 96.0%, 196 mg/kg, 238 mg/kg, nil, 0.25 %, 0.624%, 6747.8 mg/l, 16.18 mg/l, 18.421 mg/l, 8.864 mg/l, 10.609 mg/l, 0.00215 mg/l and 13.23 mg/l, respectively. The values of these parameters in treated and dewatered sludge (after treatment) were found to 40000 mg/l, 68000 mg/l, 81.7%, 252 mg/kg, 306 mg/kg, 28 mg/kg, 1.2 %, 1.44 %, 5100.8 mg/l, 4.911 mg/l, 21.328 mg/l, 9.041 mg/l, 8.146 mg/l, 0.00189 mg/l and 5.897 mg/l, respectively. The study recommended that it is important to prevent filling this sludge in the land to avoid soil contamination and also to conduct further studies to use this sludge in agriculture or others purposes.


Background: To know the various causes of lymphadenopathy in children and to know the usefulness of FNAC in diagnosis of various causes of lymphadenopathy.Methods: Children less than 12 years with significant lymphadenopathy (lymphadenopathy of >1 cm in cervical, axillary and >1.5 cm in inguinal region) were included.Results: A total of 50 children were enrolled in the study. The incidence of lymphadenopathy was more common in the age group of 4-8 year during the lymphoid phase with male preponderance of all the causes infections especially tuberculosis was the major cause of lymphadenopathy which is totally preventable by giving BCG vaccination. The sensitivity of FNAC in the present study was 71.3%. In 3 cases FNAC 69 was not done because peripheral smear examination revealed that the patients are suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Conclusions: FNAC is a simple bed side investigation though traumatic is of immense value for diagnosing various cases. Even though it may not be a replacement for lymphnode biopsy, it is preferred as a first line investigation because of its simple procedure.


Organizational accountability has become an increasingly central strategy discussed in the literature for addressing workplace inequality. According to the accountability mechanism formulated and e...


In this paper we study the dg-category of twisted perfect complexes on a ringed space with soft structure sheaf. We prove that this dg-category is quasi-equivalent to the dg-category of complexes of vector bundles on that space. This result could be considered as a dg-enhancement of the classic result on soft sheaves in SGA6.


This study sought to describe the status of part-time faculty in Maryland public and private 4-year colleges and universities as perceived by department chairs and to explore any significant differences between perceptions of those in private versus public institutions. Statistical results revealed a significant difference (p IntroductionThe growing use of part-time, nontenure-track faculty (also known as adjuncts) in higher education is a nationwide phenomenon. "Part-time faculty" generally refers to nontenured personnel who teach less than a full-time course load per semester. For clarity and consistency, the terms part-time and adjunct faculty are used interchangeably throughout this article.The part-time instructor is often isolated, independent, and detached from the world of the university. A two-tier faculty ranking within the university exists; the top tier includes full-time faculty with tenure and a living wage, while the lower tier includes part-time instructors with low pay, lack of job security, and poor working conditions (Hoeller, 2014b; Hoffman & Hess 2014). Part-time instructors'employment is in a contingent state. They are, in fact, not really ever fired; their contracts are simply not renewed.Across the United States, institutions of higher education increasingly rely upon parttime faculty members to teach for-credit and noncredit courses (American Association of University Professors [AAUP], 2006). Curtis (2005) reported that, in 1975, full-time tenured and tenure-track faculty members made up approximately 56% of faculty at America's 2- and 4-year colleges and universities; full-time nontenure-track faculty and part-time faculty comprised 13% and 30%, respectively. By 2003, full-time tenured and tenure-track faculty had fallen to 35%; the latter two categories had risen to approximately 19% and 46%, respectively (Curtis, 2005). From 1995 to 2003, although overall growth in faculty numbers occurred, the actual number of full-time faculty positions declined by more than 2,000 (Curtis & Jacobe, 2006). By 2007, full-time tenured positions had dropped to 22% of all faculty positions, and adjunct faculty held the majority of all faculty positions at degree-granting colleges and universities (AAUP, 2007). Even in a time of overall growth in faculty numbers, part-time appointments grew much more rapidly than tenure-line positions.In their seminal 1993 book, Gappa and Leslie referred to adjuncts as The Invisible Faculty, suggesting the lack of status and regard provided such individuals in higher education. Other researchers (Clery, 1998; Freeland, 1998; Leslie, 1998) reported similar perceptions, and, unfortunately, the situation has not changed much to date. As budgets shrink, employment of adjuncts becomes increasingly attractive because administrators in higher education often view hiring part-time faculty as cost effective (Ehrenberg, 2012). Although there is greater reliance on part-time faculty to teach, primarily introductory sections of general-education requirements, these instructors are often marginalized by full-time faculty. Thus, higher education is using more adjuncts but still treating them as they were treated in the 1990s.The ProblemPart-time faculty may be unclear about the institution's overall mission, purpose, and educational objectives (Schuster & Finkelstein, 2006). They may also be unclear about explicit expectations to conduct research, serve on committees, take on advisees, write for professional publications, or participate in academic governance and the decision-making processes that influence departmental policies and procedures (Wallin, 2007). …


Superabsorbents hydrogel were prepared by grafting of sugarcane bagasse on polyacrylic acid by using N, N -methylenebisacrylamide as cross-linker and ammonium persulphate as initiator. Factors such as weight ratios of bagasse and acrylicacid monomer that affect the properties of the product were investigated. Properties of superabsorbent such as water uptake,gel fraction,morphological structure and thermal properties were also examined.


International trade processes play a crucial role in expansion of international economic relations of Uzbekistan. The development of foreign trade can be attained through the increase of export potential, the supply of new products and services to the world market in terms of quantity and quality. It is now emphasized in studies dealing with the existence of a huge export potential in the context of agriculture. Agricultural producers can be characterized by having the necessary problems about the market, the implementation of innovative and technological changes, the regulation of international market requirements, as one of the problems that arise among those engaged in production processes.
This research article aimed to analyze the organization and importance of marketing research in increasing the export opportunities of agricultural products of Uzbekistan as well as the processes of formation of trade chains, ways to develop competitiveness in the international market.


Abstract-Peat water treatment still has many obstacles, one of the alternatives that can be used to overcome this obstacle is membrane technology and UV light variais. This study aims to determine the effect of UV rays on the flux and content of BOD, TSS, pH, Turbidity, Color and E.Coli Bacteria. This study used a combined method, namely ultraviolet (UV) light poses using a UV Water Sterilizer, the filtration process using the KUF-3 ultrafiltration membrane and the phytoremediation method with kiambang plants. The results of this study showed the highest removal rate of BOD in the filtration process with UV 6 watts at 90 minutes of filtration time with an efficiency of 94.71%. The color removal rate in the filtration process with UV is 6 watts at 90 minutes of filtration time with an efficiency of 70.92%. Turbidity removal rate in the filtration process with UV 6 watts at 90 minutes filtration time with an efficiency of 99.97%%. The TSS removal rate in the filtration process with UV is 6 watts at 90 minutes of filtration time with an efficiency of 47.77%. The pH removal rate in the filtration process with UV is 6 watts at 90 minutes of filtration time with an efficiency of 24.79%. The elimination rate of E.coli bacteria in the filtration process with UV is 6 watts at 90 minutes of filtration time with 100% efficiency


Systems operating out of equilibrium can be maneuvered to perform mechanical work through feedback loops of information-to-energy conversion. Active materials form a class of far-from-equilibrium systems that are driven internally and have the capability of self-organization, which can be utilized to perform mechanical work. In this Letter we examine limits of work extraction from an active system by considering the transport of a particle coupled to the density field gradient of an active viscoelastic medium. The active energy is provided by a gliding activation front that converts a passive to an active medium. We demonstrate that the maximum extracted power undergoes a discontinuous transition to zero as the ratio of the activity and the activation rate exceeds a critical value. Our model provides a framework for designing efficient mechanisms of transport in synthetic materials.


The morphine derivatives N-p-azidophenylethyl-7,8-dihydronormorphine (l) and its 7,8-ditritio analogue (la) were synthesized from morphine. This material, a potential photoaffinity label with high specific radioactivity and with opiate agonist activity comparable to morphine, may be useful for labeling of opiate receptors.


The paper reports new work on the biology of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn). In tlns study, the effect of form, SIze and nutntion of diets IS examined. Three commodities (rnaize , wheat and cassava) were presented in three forms; unmodified, plam pellets reconstituted from ground commodity and pellets With added yeast, to try to separate physical and nutritional effects in determmmg breedmg success, damage and body weight of the insect. Physical condition of the diet was found to have a great effect on the breeding of P. Truncatus SIze and form are the key factors. Maize and wheat are more SUItable in pellet form as the pellets were bigger in size and softer than the onginal grams Cassava pieces, which resemble the original habitat (wood) of this pest, are more SUItable than the pellet form. Nutritional value (m the form of a yeast supplement) was found to have a great effect on the breeding of this pest, and on the body weight Cassava gave an overall lower body weight, as It is basically poor in nutrition with possible sublethal tOXICeffects.


ABSTRACT In order to solve the problem of overheating of the engine and cooling system of the vehicle in the plateau low-pressure environment, it is necessary to study air-side thermal-hydraulic performance of the vehicle cooling system heat exchanger under low-pressure environment. In this paper, the experimental study on the louvered fin and flat tube heat exchanger of the vehicle is carried out on the low-pressure wind tunnel test bench. The results show that at a gauge pressure of −44 kPa, the air-side convective heat transfer coefficient is reduced by 33.5%~23.3% compared with 0 kPa; the Colburn j-factor is increased by 36.8% on average; the f factor is increased by 51.2% on average. Based on this, numerical simulations are carried out to study the heat transfer and flow characteristics of louvered fins with different structural parameters under low-pressure environment. The empirical correlations of Colburn j-factor and Friction factor f are fitted by multiple linear regression. In the range of gauge pressure from 0 kPa to −44 kPa, the average deviation of the correlation calculation result of Colburn j-factor is 3.4%, and the average deviation of the correlation calculation result of f factor is 5.5%. The research results can provide a basis for the design of louvered fin heat exchangers utilized in the plateau environment.


In recent years, under the construction of smart power grids, visual image processing technology has gradually been introduced into the field of identification of power equipment, bringing new breakthroughs to the operation and maintenance of power systems. The research objects of this paper are insulators and current transformers in variable electric fields. Perform many experiments on the learned model and compare it with the image classification algorithm of single feature. Finally, use the confusion matrix to input the classification results of the model, and analyze the accuracy of the results. According to the experimental results, the image classification algorithm extracted by two features is better than the classification algorithm extracted by single feature, which verifies the effectiveness of this method.


This chapter reviews the new inspectorate, Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services, and the new Inspection Framework for Fire and Rescue Services in England. It will look at the antecedents of the inspectorate and the history of inspections in both the police and in the fire and rescue services. Prior to the Policing and Crime Act 2017, Fire and Rescue Services in England were without a dedicated independent inspectorate for almost 10 years and the government promised a new independent and a rigorous inspection regime. This chapter critically evaluates the government's response and the early development of the new regime.


The floating raft active vibration isolation system itself is a complex system with high nonlinearity, strong coupling, and multi-source excitations, so it is difficult to build a mathematical model and control the system. As an intelligent control method, the fuzzy control algorithm can provide an intelligent path for the active control of the complex floating raft system. In this article, the system identification method is adopted to establish the discrete transfer function mathematical models for the floating raft active vibration isolation system. And then for the purpose of simulation and experimental study, the fuzzy controller is designed based on dual inputs of the acceleration and its variation and single output of control voltage. Since the control effect cannot be optimized due to the fact that the quantization factors and scale factors are usually gained by trial and error method and the control rules are designed by expert experience, the quantization, scale factors, and control rules are simultaneously optimized by adopting the genetic algorithm in which hybrid coding is conducted for both real numbers and integers. The simulation and experimental results show that the fuzzy controller based on genetic algorithm is superior to the conventional fuzzy controller on vibration suppression effect.


INTRODUCTION: Skin-prick test wheal size and serum-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels are able to predict, to an extent, the presence of allergy to certain foods. Nevertheless, the predictive value of these markers is not enough to substitute for oral food challenges, which suggests the need for improvement. OBJECTIVE: The goal was to determine the prognostic value of specific IgE/total IgE (tIgE) ratio in patients with allergy to cow's milk by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. METHODS: Thirty-four open challenges were performed in children with a mean age of 18.4 months (range: 10.3–69.2 months) who had a previously diagnosed IgE-mediated allergy to cow's milk to reintroduce milk into their diet. Specific IgE levels, assessed by ImmunoCAP fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (Pharmacia Corp, Bridgewater, NJ), were obtained, and skin-prick tests were performed just before the challenge. The specific IgE (f2)/tIgE ratio was evaluated as a potential predictor of a positive challenge and compared with f2 alone by using ROC analysis. RESULTS: Of 34 challenges, 6 (17.6%) results were positive. Prechallenge milk-specific IgE levels and the f2/tIgE ratio were significant predictors (Pf2 = .007; Pratio = .008) of a positive challenge outcome. After ROC analysis, f2 provided a discrimination (between positive and negative provocations) of 0.8601 (ROC area under the curve); however, the f2/tIgE ratio provided a significantly greater discrimination of 0.9464. Values of the f2/tIgE ratio that are >0.1121 provide a 100% diagnostic accuracy (probability of a positive provocation result). CONCLUSIONS: The f2/tIgE ratio may be a novel, promising predictor of positive oral food-challenge results and should be evaluated prospectively in a larger sample.


To investigate interactions between ferroportin (FPN) an iron exporter and hephaestin (Heph) a copper‐bound ferroxidase, we performed experiments using fluorescence energy transfer (FRET). We prepared appropriate fluorescent probes by attaching cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) to the N‐terminus of Heph and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) to the N‐terminus of FPN. In cells stably expressing Heph‐CFP, we first assessed CFP fluorescence, pixel by pixel. In cells stably expressing both Heph‐CFP and FPN‐YFP, we then reassessed fluorescence of each pixel at the CFP donor emission wavelength. An YFP‐induced decrease in CFP emission suggests that the two proteins are associated. We found that an FPN‐YFP induced the decrease of Heph‐CFP emission suggesting the association of these two proteins on the basolateral membrane of human intestinal Caco‐2 cells. Our FRET experiments show that the distance of FPN‐YFP from Heph‐CFP is ~ 5 nm. Our FRET studies also indicate that neither FPN nor Heph is associated with TfR1 on the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte, although we showed the colocalization of these two proteins with TfR1 on the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte.


We demonstrate the photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of a two-layer organic emitter on the corrugated structure of nano-meter scale. A strong emission was observed on certain viewing angles which come from the surface plasma resonance. Different organic materials provide a broadband radiation which improves the PL intensity.


When the jury at Cardinal Pell's second trial convicted him on 11 December 2018 of five charges of historical sexual offending, were the verdicts unreasonable or insupportable having regard to the evidence? A majority of the Court of Appeal of Victoria ('VSCA') held that they were not, and Pell has now asked the High Court of Australia ('HCA') to reverse that decision. It is argued in this column that, if the HCA grants Pell special leave to appeal, it should reject his argument that the VSCA majority reversed the onus of proof when reaching the conclusion that it did. That, however, is not necessarily to say that the jury was entitled to find Pell guilty largely on the strength of the complainant's testimony. Evidence that Pell had no opportunity to offend was powerful, and it appears to us that the jury might have acquitted. Whether it must have done so is a more contentious question. Especially given the highly controversial nature of these proceedings, it might be that, if it decides this question, the HCA will attach much weight to the established principle that jury verdicts are not lightly to be disturbed.


The full set of single-crystal elastic moduli of forsterite (α-Mg 2 SiO 4 ) and wadsleyite (β-Mg 2 SiO 4 ) were measured at pressures of 3-16 GPa and 0-14 GPa, respectively. For forsterite, the pressure derivatives of the bulk (K 0 's) and shear (G 0 ') modulus are 4.2 ± 0.2 and 1.4 ± 0.1, respectively. For wadsleyite, the corresponding pressure derivatives are 4.3 ± 0.2 and 1.4 ± 0.2. These values are much lower than those reported in earlier, low-pressure studies for both materials. At the pressure of the 410-km seismic discontinuity, the roomtemperature velocity increase across the α-β transition is 9.8% for compressional waves and 12.4% for shear waves. The results are consistent with an olivine fraction in the upper mantle of 30-50%.


The 56th Brazilian Nursing Congress (CBEn) will take place in Gramado (RS) from 24 to 29 October. The topics of this famous event originated in the ideas of Jorge Larrosa, a well-known Spanish educator, some books of whom have been published in Brazil, including Pedagogia Profana (1). The text Agamenon e seu porqueiro was set apart from this book. In this text, Larrosa reflects on the truth of power and on the power of truth in this age of information and communication globalization. By introducing Vattimo's ideas, according to which we live in a generalised communication society where mass communication apparatus is critical to produce, reproduce and dissolve what we call reality, the author invites us to become involved by asking a question: Where does reality come from, and what is it? When he highlights the idea that things may not be like what people say they are, that facts may not occur as we have learnt to think they do, and, especially, that what people tell us that has to be or has to occur in a given way is not assured and may yet take on another ways, the author challenges us to accept and believe in the pluralisation of what we have learnt to call "the" reality and to invest in deconstructing reality as a principle. Thus, the text conducts us toward the idea that we do not have "a" reality that is different or is falls without the interpretations we make of them and toward questioning whether there is any reality that can serve us as a principle or foundation of the good interpretation. This way of thinking institutes the presupposition that the word "reality" and, therefore, reality itself may not be linked to this well known property of having to embody an incontestable truth. In a given part of the text, the author highlights:


This paper designs a simple sample of a vehicle based on the concept of inspection vehicle and profound knowledge of the stability and controllability of a quadrotor vehicle.And quadrotor inspection vehicle,a solution,is then proposed,which is able to inspect transmission lines in places with complex terrain in harsh natural environment.In comparison with the previous line inspection modes,this vehicle is more advanced and efficient,and therefore is feasible approach to transmission line inspection.


In electroneurophysiology, single-trial brain responses to a sensory stimulus or a motor act are commonly assumed to result from the linear superposition of a stereotypic event-related signal (e.g. the event-related potential or ERP) that is invariant across trials and some ongoing brain activity often referred to as noise. To extract the signal, one performs an ensemble average of the brain responses over many identical trials to attenuate the noise. To date, this simple signal-plus-noise (SPN) model has been the dominant approach in cognitive neuroscience. Mounting empirical evidence has shown that the assumptions underlying this model may be overly simplistic. More realistic models have been proposed that account for the trial-to-trial variability of the event-related signal as well as the possibility of multiple differentially varying components within a given ERP waveform. The variable-signal-plus-noise (VSPN) model, which has been demonstrated to provide the foundation for separation and characterization of multiple differentially varying components, has the potential to provide a rich source of information for questions related to neural functions that complement the SPN model. Thus, being able to estimate the amplitude and latency of each ERP component on a trial-by-trial basis provides a critical link between the perceived benefits of the VSPN model and its many concrete applications. In this paper we describe a Bayesian approach to deal with this issue and the resulting strategy is referred to as the differentially Variable Component Analysis (dVCA).We compare the performance of dVCA on simulated data with Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and analyze neurobiological recordings from monkeys performing cognitive tasks.


Abstract The oleoresins from Copaifera martii were harvested from September 2003 at one-month intervals up to September 2004, from the same individual tree, and examined by GC/FID and GC/MS. The highest oleoresin per harvest occurred at January 2004 in the dry Amazonian season. The major volatiles of the oleoresin, α-copaene and δ-cadinene, changes from 36.4% to 51.2% and 13.7% to 17.3%, respectively. No appreciable changes were observed on the percentage of the volatile compounds during the seasonal observation, but the percentage of essential oils in the oleoresins also changes considerably (1.3% −21.3%). The amount of oleoresin harvested ranged from 0–100mL. In conclusion, for the specimen of C. martii studied, during the seasonal observation, oleoresin per harvested and the percentage of the essential oil changes considerably during seasonal observation, but the chemical composition were not affected. According our knowledge this is the first reported of the volatiles and seasonal observation from C. martii.


This study presents the results of a content analysis of the organizational Web sites of a unique subset of nonprofit organizations, that is, prominent U.S.-based religious denominations affiliated with the National Council of Churches and the National Association of Evangelicals. The study was guided by Kent and Taylor's (1998, 2002) dialogic theory and their framework for dialogic communication as it is applied to organizational Web sites. While all of the denominations had active Web sites, we found that with a few notable exceptions, the denominations did not demonstrate dialogic communication principles in their Web sites. Instead, most Web sites demonstrated one-way communication by focusing on pushing out information to Web site visitors. Many of the Web sites did provide useful information for ministers and members and adherents, but there was little effort to accommodate the needs of members of the media. Many of the denominations were active on social media sites, such as Facebook and Twitter, but once again these sites were used mostly to provide information rather than to engage in dialogue. We also found that, in general, denominations affiliated with the National Association of Evangelicals were more likely to include information related to proselytizing new members than Web sites of National Council of Churches affiliates.


A motorcycle comprising a frame, a motor mounted on the frame, and a stator, in which the stand supporting the motorcycle between an extended position and a retracted position can be moved. The motorcycle includes a sensor operable to produce a stand signal the extended and / or indicative of the stowed position of the side stand, and a control device which is electrically connected to the sensor, to receive the stand signal. The control device is programmed to prevent operation of the motor on the basis of the stator signal during a first operating condition of the motorcycle, and is further programmed to permit running of the engine during a second operating condition of the motorcycle irrespective of the stand signal.