Previous research looked on the effectiveness and effects of entrepreneurship education programs. KSA is regarded as a developing country with a high rate of unemployment among recent graduates. This issue sparked the Saudi government's efforts to transform the country into a knowledge-based economy that encourages the formation of an entrepreneurial sector. The government's key problem is to change students' minds about entrepreneurship rather than jobs. This study examines the components of entrepreneurial intent, proposes an information system model, and examines factors that influence student views of entrepreneurship education. The data was collected using a quantitative manner, with 425Saudi students aged 20 to 40 years old from private colleges. Students' positive attitudes about entrepreneurship are influenced by entrepreneurship education, experience, and the external environment, according to the findings. Personal characteristics and perceived practicality, on the other hand, have a meaningful impact on negative perceptions.


A new kind of water treatment composite was prepared by melt blend for diesel oil and chromium (VI) absorption, Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) was the matrix, calcinatory Fe2O3 and anion exchange resin were the fillers. This composite can suspend in water-oil contact. The results showed that the diesel oil absorbencies were step-down and chromium (VI) absorbencies increased continuously as anion exchange resin loadings from 1% to 7%. The composite can adsorb diesel oil and chromium (VI) simultaneously. The optimized proportion of calcinatory Fe2O3 and anion exchange resin in composite was 17/3. This composite was a low cost and convenient new material for waste water treatment.


Two specimens of crinoid columnals with previously undocumented lumen morphologies are described from Silurian (Wenlock) strata of the Cincinnati Arch region, eastern-midcontinent North America. An attachment structure with a prominent tetralobate lumen, the first tetralobate lumen in a columnal reported from the Silurian, was recovered from a microbioherm in the Massie Formation of southeastern Indiana. An isolated columnal ossicle with a large hexalobate lumen, the first hexalobate lumen-bearing columnal documented, was recovered from a skeletal dolowackestone in the Lilley Formation of southwestern Ohio. These discoveries significantly increase the disparity of the otherwise morphologically conservative Silurian crinoid-columnal fauna.


Shot scale in film, that is the apparent spatial distance of characters from the camera, is one of the most important compositional elements in a film shot guiding media audiences' attention. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which apparent spatial distance of fictional characters can evoke theory of mind responding in film viewers. Theory of mind, referring to the capacity of attributing mental states to others, is considered fundamental in audiences' character involvement and narrative understanding, and it presumably mediates narrative effects. Four short animated movies were annotated for shot scale distribution and presented to participants (N = 52) in a within-subject design. Participants were asked to retell the story of the films and fill in questionnaires on narrative experience. Skin conductance was also measured during exposure. Story-descriptions were content analysed for theory of mind responses. In a Poisson-regression model average spatial distance predicted theory of mind response indicating that increasing spatial proximity triggered higher occurrence of mental state references in participants' story-descriptions. The findings give insight into how the visual presentation of characters shapes audiences' mental models of the story.


The formation and development of sports events originate from a specific geographical environment. At present, the research on sports and geographical environment in China is relatively weak compared with foreign countries, and the breadth and depth of research are also a certain gap. The related research of the environment is integrated, and the research in this field is mainly concentrated on the following aspects: 1. The impact of the geographical environment on sports, including the relationship between the generation of sports events and the geographical environment, and the geographical environment on the performance of sports competitions Impact, climatic conditions on sports, etc.; 2. The impact of geographic environment on sports participants includes the training methods, methods and physiological functions of athlete groups, and the effects of physical exercisers' physical behavior and physical health; 3. The relationship between sports and environmental protection and other aspects. At the same time, it also made a rough prediction on the future research directions in the field of sports and geographical environment, in order to be able to contribute to the research in this field.


ALLEN, MARION, see Oberle, K. ARMSTRONG, MYRNA L., see Grief, J. AUSTIN, WENDY, RUTH GALLOP, ELIZABETH McCAY, CINDY PETERNELJ-TAYLOR, and MARGARET BAYER, "Culturally Competent Care for Psychiatric Clients Who Have a History of Sexual Abuse," 5. BARATTE-BEEBE, KATHLEEN R., and KATHRYN LEE, "Sources of Midsleep Awakenings in Childbearing Women," 386. BAUME, PIERRE, "Commentary," 23. BAYER, MARGARET, see Austin, W. BLOUIN, RENÉE, see Ellis, J. A. BRYAN, YVONNE, see Lacko, L. CATER, KAY, see Coyne, M. L. CHABOYER, WENDY, see Oka, M. CHANG, BETTY L., see Smyer, T. CHATHAM, CYNTHIA, see Coyne, M. L. CHEEVER, KERRY H., "Pain, Analgesic Use, and Morbidity in Appendectomy Patients," 267. COYNE, MARY LOUISE, BONITA REINERT, KAY CATER, WANDA DUBUISSON, JANE F. H. SMITH, MADELYN M. PARKER, and CYNTHIA CHATHAM, "Nurses' Knowledge of Pain Assessment, Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Interventions," 153. DELLASEGA, CHERYL, see Lacko, L. DUBUISSON, W., see Coyle, M. L. ELLIS, JACQUELINE A., RENÉE BLOUIN, and JEAN LOCKETT, "PatientControlled Analgesia: Optimizing the Experience," 283. FITZGERALD, SHEILA, see Hart, K. J. FULLER, BARBARA F., MADALYNN NEU, and MAUREEN SMITH, "The Influence of Background Clinical Data on Infant Pain Assessments," 179.


This paper analyzes the characteristic of the oasis irrigation agriculture in the continent's depths and on the edge of desert in an extremely dry condition, the problem of the traditional mechanized tillage methods and the serious results from it. It also discusses the necessity, feasibility and latent benefit of mechanized conservation tillage. The positive results have been obtained by introducing the successful experiences of dry farming from domestic and overseas areas, such as subsoiling, minimum-till and no-till sowing, straw-returning farmland, and combining the own research achievements of mechanized conservation tillage by experimentation in the oasis irrigation areas. This study also brings forward the further technical plans suitable for mechanized conservation tillage of oasis irrigation district: mechanized subsoiling, combined soil preparation and planting, minimum-till and no-till, mechanized soil-purification.


The object of study are silicified woods, which had arisen over a long geological period by complex of processes that led to their preservation to these days. Silicified wood (fossil plants) from the surrounding of the former stratovolcano of which activity dates back to the Neogene (Tertiary) period approximately 16,5 – 11 million years BC can be found in a large amount in the western part of Central Slovakia but also in Western and Eastern Slovakia. Fossilization processes occur by acting of silica solutions, this process is known as silicification or opalisation (formation of wood opals). Samples of wood opals will be used for grinding and for microscopic study. By the wood opals samples studies it is important a knowledge fact of anatomical structure of woods and each their components. By determining of each concrete wood – type, we have to be concentrated to the observing and studying of the chosen differential – diagnosis features. This study points exactly at the anatomical distinguishing charakteristics. We have disposed with some the samples from Veľky Ďur. Based on the study of anatomical elements, we have determined that all the samples from the above mentioned site come from coniferous trees that naturally grew in the Neogene period.


Recent advances in molecular scatology have allowed the development of reliable and non-invasive methods that can be applied in monitoring of small carnivores, without disturbance of the animals. Here a method is described that can be used to differentiate European mink Mustela lutreola , polecat M. putorius and American mink M. vison based on the analysis of DNA extracted from faeces. It consists of a nested PCR of a region of the mitochondrial D-loop followed by digestion of the resulting 240 bp amplicons with the restriction enzymes Rsa I and Msp I. The restriction patterns of both enzymes, when used together, are found to detect species-specific sequence variation. Two different haplotypes for European mink (AA, AB), another two for the polecat (AC, AD) and one for American mink (BC) can also be discriminated by this technique. Two new haplotypes for the mitocondrial D-loop of mustelids are described after DNA sequencing.


Hypoxia, which activates the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α), is an essential feature of retinoblastoma (RB) and contributes to poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapy. In this study, the effect of HIF‐1α knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and apoptotic pathways of human Y‐79 RB cells was first investigated. Exposure to hypoxia induced the increased expression of HIF‐1α both in mRNA and protein levels. Then, knockdown of HIF‐1α by siRNAHIF‐1α resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in human Y‐79 RB cells under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, with hypoxic conditions being more sensitive. Furthermore, knockdown of HIF‐1α could enhance hypoxia‐induced slight increase of Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and activate caspase‐9 and caspase‐3. These results together indicated that suppression of HIF‐1α expression may be a promising strategy for the treatment of human RB in the future.


We present Sentitext, a client-server architecture, sentiment analysis system for the Spanish language whose most distinctive feature is being knowledge-based. First we describe the lexical knowledge sources that the software uses for its analysis, and then we describe the analyzer itself. We demonstrate the first on-line client application, developer in Adobe Flex.


Therapeutic decisions in the management of neonatal hyperviscosity are often made on the basis of hematocrit (Hct) values only. However, in tubes with the diameter of arterioles, whole blood viscosity (WBV) increases also with plasma viscosity (PV), red blood cell (RBC) aggregation and impaired RBC deformability. In order to determine the correlation between total plasma protein (TPP) as a measure of PV, and Hct at various mean corpuscular volumes (MCV) on a WBV of 4.2cP previously found to be clinically significant, we adjusted the placental blood of 20 premature and 10 term infants, and the venous blood of 10 adults to a Hct between 50 and 70% and measured TPP and WBV (100μm-capillary viscometer). From these data a nomogram for WBV = 4.2cP was constructed. Thus, a plot for TPP and Hct below the appropriate MCV line indicates a WBV with a lower risk for symptomatic hyperviscosity. The regression equation expresses the critical Hct for this WBV as it is influenced by TPP and MCV. It will be noted that certain therapeutic measures e.g., transfusions with plasma, albumin, or RBC with their attendant change in TPP and MCV may alter whole blood viscosity unfavorably.


Statistical matching attempts at producing a unique, synthetic data file, where variables observed in different sample surveys are jointly recorded. Such file is appropriate for any statistical analysis when the joint probability distribution of the variables of interest in the population coincides with the probability distribution of the same variables in the synthetic data file, or at least when these two distributions are "very close". The "distance" between these distributions is called matching noise. In this paper, statistical matching methods based on hotdeck imputation procedures are investigated as a possible cause of matching noise. Two examples when data are generated from uniform and normal distributions are discussed.


Individuals with major depressive disorder often experience obstructive sleep apnea. However, the relationship between depression and less severe sleep‐disordered breathing is unclear. This study examined the rate of sleep‐disordered breathing in depression after excluding those who had clinically significant sleep apnea (>5 apneas∙h−1). Archival data collected between 1991 and 2005 were used to assess the prevalence of sleep‐disordered breathing events in 60 (31 depressed; 29 healthy controls) unmedicated participants. Respiratory events were automatically detected using a program developed in‐house measuring thermal nasal air‐flow and chest pressure. Results show that even after excluding participants with clinically significant sleep‐disordered breathing, individuals with depression continue to exhibit higher rates of sleep‐disordered breathing compared with healthy controls (depressed group: apnea–hypopnea index mean = 0.524, SE = 0.105; healthy group: apnea–hypopnea index mean = 0.179, SE = 0.108). Exploratory analyses were also conducted to assess for rates of exclusion in depression studies due to sleep‐disordered breathing. Study exclusion of sleep‐disordered breathing was quantified based on self‐report during telephone screening, and via first night polysomnography. Results from phone screening data reveal that individuals reporting depression were 5.86 times more likely to report a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea than presumptive control participants. Furthermore, all of the participants excluded for severe sleep‐disordered breathing detected on the first night were participants with depression. These findings illustrate the importance of understanding the relationship between sleep‐disordered breathing and depression, and suggest that screening and quantification of sleep‐disordered breathing should be considered in depression research.


Solar Thermal Power Plant is a power plant which converts solar heat as
heat source to be used by working fluids. Solar Thermal Power Plant system
consists of 3 main parts, heat collector, turbine, and cooling system. Designing
cooling system for Solar Thermal Power Plant is important to make sure the
condensing process of exhaust steam from turbine.
The components of cooling system from Solar Thermal Power Plant are
condenser, cooling tower, and two pumps.The design of cooling system for Solar
Thermal Power Plant 250 kW using direct-contact type condenser to condense
exhaust steam. Designing and calculations have been made to determine the
length of contact from droplets and exhaust steam in condenser at constant
pressure. While in the cooling tower design, calculations are made to determine
cooling loads and the influence of wind speed inside cooling tower to its
performance.
Based on calculation, the length of contact from droplets and exhaust
steam in condenser are 3.7 m with 500 microns droplet diameter, and 4.53 m in
the cooling tower length for 1200 microns droplet diameter. And the total power
required for cooling system in Solar Thermal Power Plant is 13.9 kW.


The constitutive parameters of most semiconductors, such as silicon and GaAs, are functions of temperature. Hence, the performance of passive and active device fabricated on silicon or GaAs substrate strongly depends on the operating temperature. Although passive devices are not so sensitive to the variation in temperature as active devices do, it is still necessary to examine the thermal effects on the performance degradation of microstripor coplanar waveguide-based passive devices in the injection of high-power signal. To accurately capture the thermal effects on the performance degradation of an onchip passive semiconductor device, the distributed parameters, such as series impedance and shunt admittance, should be modified to be both frequencyand temperature-dependent. In the case of silicon substrate, the doping concentration is a function of temperature, and the temperature coefficient TR C of silicon resistivity varies over a wide range. On the other hand, it should be noted that even the thermal conductivities of silicon, GaAs and InP are temperaturedependent. In this paper, we study the increase in temperature on the performance degradation of some typical coplanar waveguide-based passive devices fabricated on silicon and GaAs substrates, respectively. Over the temperature from C o 25 to as high as C o 145 , and based on the modified frequencyand temperaturedependent distributed circuit models, numerical and experimental results are presented to show: (a) the increase in conductive loss of metallization plane, which further results in the increase in mode attenuation coefficient for uniform finite-ground ground coplanar waveguides; (b) the increase in conductive losses of some coplanar waveguides-based interconnects; and (c) the decrease in performance indicators of some passive devices, such as Q-factor and maximum available gain. Fortunately, the increase in temperature from C o 25 to as high as C o 145 has little effect on the performance of capacitive devices and the electromagnetic coupling between neighboring passive devices, such as two parallel open coplanar waveguides, two inductor and capacitors, etc. These are all demonstrated experimentally.


Convective heat transfer enhancement can significantly improve the thermal efficiency in the conversion, utilization, recovery and storage of energy (in particular solar thermal). Modifying velocity field is the most direct approach to enhance convective heat transfer. However, in most cases the optimal velocity field is unknown and difficult to find even for an experienced researcher. In this paper, a predictive optimization methodology in convective heat transfer enhancement based on minimum entropy generation (MEG) principle was developed. A set of Euler's equations were derived by the variation calculus to the Lagrange function established by governing equations, specific constraints and objective functional—total entropy generation rate. The solution of these equations resulted in the optimal velocity fields, leading to the minimum entropy generation. To validate and demonstrate the future application of this methodology to solar absorbers used to convert concentrated solar energy, the steady laminar convection heat transfer process in a two-dimensional channel with fixed heat flux boundaries was optimized for given total viscous dissipations. The numerical simulation results showed that lower value of maximum wall temperature was obtained by MEG optimization, which means cheaper and safer materials. The present work indicated that the new methodology could be a good guide in convective heat transfer enhancement design work, especially in CSP receivers.© 2011 ASME


Despite past decades of steady advances in reducing severity of Malaria, statistics show that the disease continues to pose a serious threat to human health. Previous successes in development of antimalarial drugs from medicinal plants have fuelled research in this area. However, antimalarial studies to fractionate extracts from such plants have progressed slowly. This study reports antimalarial potential of fractions from Lippia kituiensis Vatke, for the first time. Column chromatography was used during fractionation. Antiplasmodial assays against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and resistant (W2) Plasmodium strains was done using hypoxanthine incorporation assay. A colorimetric assay was done to assess cytotoxicity of fractions against the Vero cell line. Obtained fractions exhibited varied inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ); with the most efficacious being, Lk-5 (19.45 ± 6.20 μg/ml), Lk-3 (30.43 ± 0.68 μg/ml), Lk-4 (30.82 ± 18.01 μg/ml), and Lk-6 (36.53 ± 14.42 μg/ml) against D6. Generally, lower activity against W2 was obtained with the most active being Lk-4 (24.18±2.50 μg/ml), and Lk-5 (24.42±5.95 μg/ml), while chloroquine (positive control) exerted IC 50 of 77.86±4.09 ng/ml (W2) and 15.71±6.49 ng/ml (D6) respectively. Fraction LK-4 was the most cytotoxic showing cytotoxic concentration of 46.26 μg/ml. When tested in mice, fractions suppressed Plasmodium berghei significantly compared to the negative control with Lk-3 being the most efficacious (80.01±1). Due to substantive efficacy, GC-MS was done on Lk-3 revealing 8 compounds where three have previously been ascribed to antimalarial activity and other pharmacological effects. This study adds to present knowledge of antimalarial efficacy of L. kituiensis and provides basis for further work to be done on isolation of compounds from its extracts.


Compared with Prochloraz·copper rosin,Ambam,Bismerthlazol and water,the effects of Copper calcium sulphate,thiodiazole-copper,Tetramycin,Kasugamycin and Copperoxychloride mixture,bordeaux mixture for controlling Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri in organic citrus orchard were studied to filter out effective organic medicament by 16 worker carrying hand-type sprayer.The results showed that Copper calcium sulphate and Thiodiazole-copper had good effects corresponding to Prochloraz·copper rosin.Tetramycin,Kasugamycin and Copperoxychloride mixture,Bordeaux mixture came the second and were worse than Ambam and Bismerthlazol.It was the first time to assess the ability against washing from rainfall of the above medicament.Among the eight medicaments,Kasugamycin-copperoxychloride mixture and Prochloraz·copper rosin were the best;Copper calcium sulphate and Bordeaux mixture came the second.Each treatments in the process of trials didn't produce phytotoxicity.


Compost tea has been used in agronomy as a good source of organic substance and soil modifications that provides plants with mineral nutrients and other aids. An experiment was conducted at Teaching and Research Farm of Ramat polytechnic located in Maiduguri withthe aim to determine the effect of various concentrations of compost tea on morpho-physiological development and qualities of okra. Five concentrations of compost tea were used at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120ml/L to the foliar of the cultivated okra crop. Plant growth and yield parameters were measure at interval of one using simple tools and manual counting whereby recording data on log books, while the physiological characteristics such as Leaf chlorophyll were measured by SPAD meter, the total soluble solid content of pod was studied using a hand refractometer, measurement of Stomatal conductance was determined by using leaf porometer and chlorophyll content was measured by SPAD meter. Summary of results it can be reported that the highest concentration of compost tea produces the higher results in number of branches, number of leaves, number of flowers, number of fruit, Fruit weight and total soluble solids. Highest of healthy pods and least aborted pods were recorded in 120ml/L. Moreso, results of Chlorophyll Content and Stomatal Conductance were recorded high in 120ml/L and 90ml/L. Number of fruits and fruit weights correlates with number of branches, number of leaves and number flowers.At the end of this it can be recommended higher concentrations should be studied and tested.


Article is devoted to disclosure of esthetic potential of mathematics in the course of training. The model of esthetic potential of a school course of mathematics is constructed, are allocated on its basis of 16 substantial and esthetic lines of a course of mathematics of 5-6 classes, methodical providing to each of these lines that allows to organize carrying out occupations as appropriate is developed. The essence of a creative and creative approach is opened. All this allows to raise level of esthetic development of pupils in the sphere of mathematical activity, to lift interest of school students to studying of a subject and on this basis to increase learning efficiency. Article will be useful to teachers of pedagogical higher education institutions, students, graduate students, teachers of comprehensive schools.


The diffraction of a TE wave by a dielectric layer filled with a nonlinear medium is considered. The layer is located between two half-spaces with constant permittivities. Two types of nonlinearities (nonlinearity with saturation and Kerr nonlinearity) are considered and compared. In this paper, we show the difference between solvability results of the problem in these cases. Namely the diffraction problem with saturated nonlinearity has a unique solution under some additional conditions. At the same time, the diffraction problem in the case of Kerr nonlinearity has an infinite number of solutions. The analytical and numerical solution techniques are developed. Numerical results are presented.


Ultra Wide band pattern antenna with hexagonal fractal geometry has been planned in this paper. The proposed antenna is coaxial line fed and its structure relies on geometry wherever the resonance frequency of antenna is lowered by applying iteration techniques. Analysis of pattern antenna is finished by exploitation software system named CST Microwave Studio Suite. This antenna has low profile, is light-weight and simple to be fabricated.It is capable of successfully possessing multiband and broadband characteristics. Results of simulations show that the planned antenna has superb performance in radiation pattern and bandwidth. Keywords—Fractal geometry; wideband; multiband; fractional bandwidth.


The paper aims at identifying emerging principles concerning the rights of indigenous populations, by comparing the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the African Court of Human and Peoples' Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The analysis focuses on the attitude showed by these courts with respect to procedural matters; the victim requirement; issues of representations of indigenous peoples; the idea of collective rights, with particular attention to the right to property. Beside the comparison of case-law, the analysis aims at underlying the dialogue and the circulation of principles taking place among international human rights courts, within the broader framework of fragmentation of international law.


Mobilization and migration of the heat‐producing elements (HPE) during anatexis is a critical process in the development of orogenic systems, the evolution of continental crust and the stabilization of cratons. In many crustal rocks the accessory minerals are the dominant hosts of Th and U, and the behaviour of these minerals during partial melting controls the concentrations of these elements in draining melt and residue. We use phase equilibrium modelling to evaluate if loss of melt saturated in the essential structural constituents of the accessory minerals can explain the concentrations of Th and U in residual metasedimentary migmatites and granulites along two well‐characterized crustal transects in the Ivrea zone, Italy and at Mt Stafford, Australia. While an equilibrium model of accessory mineral breakdown and melt loss approximates the depletion of U in the residual crust along both transects, it does not explain the relative enrichment of Th. We propose that the high Th concentrations in residual crust may be explained by either inhibition of monazite dissolution by kinetic factors or near‐peak growth of new high Th grains and overgrowth rims on undissolved monazite due to migration of melt through the orogenic crust. Retention of the HPE in the middle and deep orogenic crust may allow metasedimentary granulites to overcome the enthalpy barrier of melting to achieve ultrahigh temperature conditions and may be partly responsible for the slow cooling of many granulite terranes. Lastly, although the mantle was warmer and crustal heat production was higher in the past, peak temperatures and apparent thermal gradients of high‐temperature (HT)–ultrahigh temperature (UHT) granulite terranes have not decreased significantly since the Neoarchean. However, the pressure of HP granulite facies metamorphism has increased gradually from the Archean to the Phanerozoic, which suggests that the lithosphere became stronger as secular cooling of the mantle enabled plate collisions to form thicker orogens. Thus, as the lithosphere became stronger, the proportion of HT–UHT metamorphism associated with thin lithosphere and mantle heat has decreased, whereas the proportion associated with the formation of thick crust and radiogenic heat has increased.


The RISC-V compliance test-suites are a set of directed testcases, they are used to verify RISC-V processor meets all the requirements under RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (RISC-V ISA) specification or not. For processor design, there are many micro-architectures, so the compliance test-suites only ensure that the function of the processor meets ISA, but not bug free design. Additional, to verify a function of a processor, needing a large amount of dedicated testcases with certain coverage to highly confirm this function meets implementation specification. In this paper, we propose a RISC-V Random Test Generator (RISC-V RTG) is used to generate dedicated testcases with custom coverage to verify a processor based on integer instructions of RISC-V ISA. Our RISC-V RTG doesn't replace the compliance test-suites, but it helps improve the quality of verification tasks for many micro-architectures in processor design.


Background and purpose:Gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) originates from gastrointestinal muscular mesenchymal tissue.In the past,surgery was the only effective treatment method.However,diagnosis and treatment of GIST have made great progress since CD117 and CD34 were discovered in these tumors and molecular targeted drugs were found.This study retrospectively investigated the clinical diagnosis and treatment of 72 cases of GIST have undergone surgical treatment.Methods:The clinical data of the 72 GIST patients were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients were diagnosed with digestive endoscopy,B ultrasonic imaging method,CT before operation.Pathological diagnosis was made after operation.Results:The average age of onset was 54.3.No specificity in manifestations were observed.Initially most of the GIST patients presented alimentary tract hemorrhage and abdominal mass.Tumors could be detected through digestive endoscopy,CT or ultrasonography.The immunological markers CD117 and CD34 were highly expressed in GIST.The diagnosis could be confirmed via histology and immunohistology.Postoperative stomach paralysis occurred in 5 cases,anastomosis fistula in 2 cases,pancreatic fistula in 1 case,all the complications were cured by conservative treatment.The average follow-up was 36 months.In 31 cases,16 cases used imatinib(400 mg/d),in which 4 cases recurred;the other 15 cases without imatinib,8 cases recurred(P0.01).Conclusion:CD117 and CD34 tumor markers is helpful in diagnosing GIST.Surgical resection of the tumors is still the most effective treatment for GIST.The outlook for targeted therapy in post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy seems optimistic.


Motivated by the agency theory, this study aims to empirically examine the nexus between board attributes and a firm's financing decisions of non-financial listed firms in Palestine and how the previous relationship is moderated and shaped by the level of gender diversity.,Multiple regression analysis on a panel data was used. Further, we applied three different approaches of static panel data "pooled OLS, fixed effect and random effect." Fixed-effects estimator was selected as the optimal and most appropriate model. In addition, to control for the potential endogeneity problem and to profoundly analyze the study data, the authors perform the one-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator. Dynamic panel GMM specification was superior in generating robust findings.,The findings clearly unveil that all explanatory variables in the study model have a significant influence on the firm's financing decisions. Moreover, the results report that the impact of board size and board independence are more positive under conditions of a high level of gender diversity, whereas the influence of CEO duality on the firm's leverage level turned from negative to positive. In a nutshell, gender diversity moderates the effect of board structure on a firm's financing decisions.,This study was restricted to one institutional context (Palestine); therefore, the results reflect the attributes of the Palestinian business environment. In this vein, it is possible to generate different findings in other countries, particularly in developed markets.,The findings of this study can draw responsible parties and policymakers' attention in developing countries to introduce and contextualize new mechanisms that can lead to better monitoring process and help firms in attracting better resources and establishing an optimal capital structure. For instance, entities should mandate a minimum quota for the proportion of women incorporation in boardrooms.,This study provides empirical evidence on the moderating role of gender diversity on the effect of board structure on firm's financing decisions, something that was predominantly neglected by the earlier studies and has not yet examined by ancestors. Thereby, to protrude nuanced understanding of this novel and unprecedented idea, this study thoroughly bridges this research gap and contributes practically and theoretically to the existing corporate governance–capital structure literature.


Many bioactive compounds have been extracted from various marine animals like tunicates, sponges, soft corals, echinoderms, sea hares, nudibranchs, bryozoans, sea slugs, etc. The aim of this study is to identify the methanolic extracts of Holothuria atra with various in vitro experiments such as antibacterial, larvicidal and immunomodulatory activities of H. atra commonly called lolly fish. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method. The results showed that H. atra extracts were active against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia liquefaciens, and Staphylococcus aureus. Specifically, H. atra inhibited the growth of Aedes aegypti. The LC50 value detected was 0.58%. Strong hemolytic activity of H. atra was identified. Similarly, significant immunostimulant activity was analyzed using NBT assay. Therefore it could be suggested that H. atra has the ability to induce biological activities due to the availability of bioactive compounds. These promising results have led this study to consider purification of the active compounds and for the development of drugs.


Many high-rise and super high-rise buildings have been constructed in the city centers of China.Due to the architecture requirement,glass curtain is widely used in high-rise buildings.If the glass curtain falls down from the high-rise building due to earthquake,serious secondary disaster may occur.The glass curtain damage is mainly induced by the large storey drift angle of a structure.In this paper,the glass curtain damage is considered when the storey drift angle exceeds the critical deformation,which is followed by the falling down of the fragments with a certain velocity.Based on the elasto-plastic time-history analysis results of a high-rise building,the injure range of glass curtain falling is predicted and the evacuation distance is suggested,which provides a reference for the earthquake evacuation research.


The attribute construction with count operator can improve the accuracy of the prediction given by a data-mining model, but unrestricted use of this method can cause inconsistency problem of attribute relationships. After proposing three rules for the relationships between attributes and the inconsistency problem of attribute relationships, time-serial count operator, a new algorithm for time-serial correlative model, is proposed, which can avert the inconsistency problem of attribute relationships. Time-serial increment count operator can remarkably reduce the computing cost of time-serial count operator by a small precision cost when some assumptions are satisfied. The result of trials proves the above conclusion.


An alternative algorithm is proposed, based on parametrization for solving a special class of integer linear programming (ILP) problems when the objective function is linear and the constraints are in the form of linear inequality. Although there are popular methods in the literature having widespread impact they are known to have some difficulties in terms of computation. To overcome these difficulties, a parameter-based algorithm that could be applied reliably and easily to (ILP) problems with two variables and no restriction on the constraints is proposed. The flow of the algorithm provides a set constructed by variable values that depend on the parameter. Thus, the solution satisfying the constraints can be selected easily from this set. The proposed algorithm is remarkable in that it can be applied easily even when the number of restrictions increases. General Terms Computational Mathematics, Optimization


Abstract The interaction of three large-angle near-coincident-site-lattice grain boundaries ([Sgrave]3, [Sgrave]9 and [Sgrave]27) in a polycrystal of silicon, has been observed both optically and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). [Sgrave]3 boundaries were found to be formed on {111} and {112} planes, [Sgrave]9 on {122}, {411} and {111}/{115} planes, and [Sgrave]27 on {255} planes. On a macroscopic scale, [Sgrave]9 {122} dissociated repeatedly into two coherent [Sgrave]3 boundaries which, when contacted with a third non-coherent [Sgrave]3 boundary, formed a triangular twin grain with an average size of 0·3 mm. Further TEM observations showed the [Sgrave]27 boundary to dissociate into a series of 100nm triangular grains, consisting of a coherent [Sgrave]3, a {122} [Sgrave]9 and a {111}/{115} [Sgrave]9 boundary. The [Sgrave]9 boundary {111}/{115} dissociated further to form still smaller 10nm twin grains consisting of two coherent and one noncoherent [Sgrave]3 boundaries. The dissociation reactions ...


We establish a uniform estimate for the injectivity radius of the past null cone of a point in a general Lorentzian manifold foliated by spacelike hypersurfaces and satisfying an upper curvature bound. Precisely, our main assumptions are, on one hand, upper bounds on the null curvature of the spacetime and the lapse function of the foliation, and sup-norm bounds on the deformation tensors of the foliation. Our proof is inspired by techniques from Riemannian geometry, and it should be noted that we impose no restriction on the size of the curvature or deformation tensors, and allow for metrics that are "far" from the Minkowski one. The relevance of our estimate is illustrated with a class of plane-symmetric spacetimes which satisfy our assumptions but admit no uniform lower bound on the curvature not even in the L2 norm. The conditions we put forward, therefore, lead to a uniform control of the spacetime geometry and should be useful in the context of general relativity.


Smith College participated in the TREC News Background Linking task in 2019. We constructed a linear learning to rank model trained on the 2018 data and submitted runs that included features derived from ongoing research into automatic poetry understanding. In this notebook paper we detail the contents of our submissions and our lessons learned from this year's participation.


Download text file in vCard format containg contact information for Councillor John Lamb. VCards can be read by many email programs, PDAs, and mobile telephones


Sample materials of 7 waste forms and 15 potential canister materials were procured for compatibility tests. These materials were characterized before being placed in test, and the results are the main topic of this report. A test capsule was designed for the tests in which disks of a single waste form were contacted with duplicate samples of canister materials. The capsules are undergoing short-term tests at 800/sup 0/C and long-term tests at 100 and 300/sup 0/C.


Spectroscopic methods such as near infrared (NIR) for content uniformity (CU) allow the measurement of significantly more dosage units per batch than required by traditional pharmacopoeial testing of 10 to 30 units. Sandell et al. proposed a nonparametric counting test for sample sizes greater than 100. There are manufacturing situations such as small batch sizes or restrictions due to sampling equipment that will yield medium sample sizes between 30 and 100 units per batch. This work provides alternative CU tests for medium sample sizes.


ANDREW FORRESTER, FRANCES MACLENNAN, KAREN SLADE, PENELOPE BROWN AND TIM EXWORTHY, Forensic Psychiatry, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry/King's College London, London, UK; HM Prison and YOI Holloway, Parkhurst Road, London N7 0NU, UK; Forensic Psychology, College of Business Law and Social Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK; Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry/King's College London, London, UK; Forensic Psychiatry, St Andrew's Healthcare and Institute of Psychiatry/King's College London, London, UK


The examination for membership of the Royal College of Physicians (the MRCP) is not easy. In fact it can be demoralising, gruelling, and expensive. The authors of this clever revision guide say that there is no better doctor than the general medical registrar who has just passed the MRCP. This is because the exam assesses a vast range of detailed medical practice at a high level. The …


As with many other countries, Australia is experiencing problems in recruitment and retention of registered nurses. The shortage of nurses and midwives is particularly evident in many rural and remote areas. Because of this shortage, at least two state governments have undertaken studies related to them. Using data derived from a national study of rural nurses, we discuss how job satisfaction may affect the recruitment and retention of rural nurses in Australia. Understanding what influences on-the-job satisfaction in rural and urban areas will assist health service managers to attract and retain nurses in rural and remote areas.


The invention relates to a disclose a tetrapeptide having short biological activity, tetrapeptide includes sequences GxxG and PxxP. However, G (glycine) and P (proline) is constant, x is a variable amino acid. Peptides can be used alone or in combination to stimulate the production of extracellular matrix proteins in the skin. Short time heterogeneous composition tetrapeptide, discloses methods of producing at low cost. .FIELD 1


The mode of action of penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis is still unknown and investigations using animal models could be aided by the ability to measure plasma penicillamine concentrations. No colorimetric method that can be used routinely for measuring penicillamine in plasma is available. The colorimetric method of Pal (1959) is unreliable since it employs heat treatment of plasma, a procedure which we have found will degrade penicillamine in plasma. More complex methods using chromatographic (Borner 1965), and immunological procedures (Assem & Vickers 1974) have been reported. Recently Saetre & Rabenstein (1978) described a sensitive method using high pressure liquid chromatography in conjunction with a specialized detection unit for thiol groups. We have devised a simple colorimetric method based on the use of Ellman's reagent, 5,5'dithiobis-2(nitrobenzoic acid), DTNB (Ellman 1959). Although the method is not as sensitive as the h.p.1.c. technique it is sufficiently sensitive to allow kinetic studies in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis and does not require specialized apparatus. The method has been used to measure the plasma concentration of penicillamine in the rabbit after administration of the drug by various routes. The plasma concentration of penicillamine in animals has not previously been reported. Male and female Old English rabbits, 2.0-3.0 kg, were used. For the studies using parenteral administration of penicillamine, animals were maintained throughout the experiment under halothane/nitrous oxideloxygen anaesthesia to allow multiple blood sampling from a cannulated carotid artery. The oral study used conscious animals, blood samples being taken by cardiac puncture under anaesthesia from three animals, at each time interval. The method was further evaluated using plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving oral penicillamine therapy. Preparation ofplasma. Blood was collected into 1/10 of its final volume of Tris-EDTA(Tris-25m~, EDTA100mM, NaCl 1 2 0 m ~ , KCI 5 m ~ , adjusted to pH 7.4) cooled in ice, and centrifuged at 800 g for 10 min. Plasma aliquots of 1.1 ml were mixed with 0.1 ml ~ M H C ~ , immediately frozen in a solid CO,/methanol bath, and freeze-dried overnight. Plasma samples containing penicillamine are stable when freeze dried but not when frozen at -20°C. Ethanol (1.5 ml) was added to the freeze-dried plasma samples, the suspensions sonicated for 5-10 s, and then vortex mixed for 30 s. The samples were centrifuged at 800 g for 10 min and ethanol supernatant (1 ml) removed.


PDU structure of a communication system according to the present invention, a medium access control layer of a transmitting side of the communication system protocol data unit generated by the (MAC Medium Access Control) layer: in the structure of (PDU Protocol Data Unit), the upper at least two or more service data units transmitted from the layer (SDU: service data unit); And characterized by configured to include at least more than one MAC header (MAC header) that provides each of the control information of the at least two or more service data units. Mobile communication, signal format, and the extended area, the data area


The present study made an indepth analysis of lemon being an important citrus crop by studying its resource use efficiency. The analysis of data on lemon indicated the overall values of regression coefficients as 0.451, 1.257, -0.011, -0.002 and -0.023 for human labour, manures + fertilizers, irrigation, plant protection and training/ pruning, respectively, out of which human labour and manures + fertilizers were statistically significant, indicating that one per cent increase of expenditures on these two inputs could increase the returns to the extent of 0.45 per cent and 1.26 per cent, respectively, while as in case of irrigation, plant protection and training/ pruning one per cent additional investment could decrease the production by 0.011 per cent, 0.002 per cent and 0.023 per cent, respectively. The marginal value productivi- ties of human labour and manures + fertilizers were positive with their values at 0.111 and 0.882, respectively whereas that of irrigation (-0.020), plant protection (-59.710) and training/ pruning (-0.039) were negative thereby indicating that with an additional one rupee spent on these inputs could reduce the total returns and hence should be checked.


The environment created by changing railway policy has an impact on the actual position of infrastructure management. Therefore, a systematic approach is needed for communication with the infrastructure manager and the rest of the 'actors' for guaranteeing pre-set levels of performance. Life Cycle Costing (LCC) can contribute to this. Review on the existing LCC practices in railways infrastructure management, proves that Life Cycle Cost applications by the management of the infrastructure is still in an early stages of development. This paper presents a harmonized LCC methodology for Railways Infrastructure Management, in terms of investment, maintenance and renewal costs, vehicle-infrastructure interaction, delay and scarcity costs, accident and environmental costs. This methodology is expected to assist the Infrastructure Managers in their duties, which is to develop a costing mechanism for the use of the infrastructure, so that they will be able to produce viable charging schemes.


c r m v s p . g o v . b r mv&z epidemic regions. Using this dataset we investigated genetic diversity, patterns of distribution, and evolutionary history. Results: Our analysis indicates that the rabies virus in China is primarily defined by two clades that exhibit distinct population subdivision and translocation patterns and that contributed to the epidemic in different ways. The younger clade originated around 1992 and has properties that closely match the observed spread of the recent epidemic. The older clade originated around 1960 and has a dispersion pattern that suggests it represents a strain associated with a previous outbreak that remained at low levels throughout the country and reemerged in the current epidemic. Conclusions: Our findings provide new insight into factors associated with the recent epidemic and are relevant to determining an effective policy for controlling the virus.


The benefit of organized screening has been demonstrated for breast cancer as well as for cervical cancer. As far as breast cancer screening is concerned, there are several recommendations made by the European Union that its member states should offer mammographic screening every 2 years to all women between 50 and 70 years before the year 2000. In Belgium, it is very easy for a woman to obtain mammography from a private radiologist who is not taking part In an organized screening for breast cancer. One of the important items before starting an organized breast cancer screening programme is to get a clear idea of the screening status that already exists, its determinants and the willingness of the women to be screened. For this reason, a study In Antwerp was performed by means of an extensive questionnaire. Five hundred randomly selected Antwerp women between 46 and 70 years of age were interviewed in their homes. The results of this study indicate that the Antwerp female population in the age group for which screening turned out to be valuable (50–70 years of age) can be described as 'susceptible to mammographic screening'.


This article presents a new reduced order model (ROM) for the angular discretization of the Boltzmann transport equation. The angular ROM is built over a partitioning of the space‐angle phase‐space, by generating independent, optimized angular basis function sets for each partition. The advantage is that each basis function set is optimized to represent the neutron flux distribution in a particular partition of space and angle, rather than being optimized for the entire domain. This serves to reduce the total number of basis functions required, and therefore the solve time. Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the methods—a dog‐leg duct problem, involving particle streaming, and the Watanabe–Maynard problem, which includes significant particle scattering. In both cases, it is shown that the method reduces the angular flux error, for a given basis size or solve time, by around an order of magnitude in comparison to other, similar ROM methods. An adaptive version of the method is also presented, whereby the number of basis functions within each space‐angle partition can vary independently. It is shown to potentially provide further significant reductions in error.


Aims: This study will explore the incidence rate of childhood vaccination refusal in Malaysia as well as the reasons for this refusal over a four-year period (2016–2019). Given the complexities and dynamic nature of vaccine refusal, this research is essential for defining the target group, identifying the vaccine types they commonly refuse, and comprehending their vaccination concerns.
Study Design: This is a retrospective review study.
Methodology: This study used a nationally representative secondary data set from the Malaysian Ministry of Health's Family Health Division for the years 2016 to 2019. We included vaccination refusals involving children younger than 24 months of age. Data was extracted from the mothers' immunization refusal form includes information of the ethnicity, citizenship, religion, occupation, the type of vaccine they refused, and the reason for their refusal. The annual incidence rates of childhood vaccination refusal, the types of vaccines and the refusal reason were summarized by percentage, with 95% confidence intervals.
Results: There was a decline in incidence rates of vaccination refusal from 3.2 in 2016 to 2.3 in 2019 (P<0.001). The refusal rate is highest in the states of Terengganu (15.9%), Kedah (14.1%), and Perak (12.2%). Of the 4052 mothers who refused to vaccinate their children, the majority were Muslims (99.0%) who had secondary education (53.7%) and were housewives (65.3%). Furthermore, most mothers refused to vaccinate their children due to religious beliefs (37.5–39.0%), safety concerns (26.3–34.0%), or belief in complementary and alternative medicine (11.4–15.8%). The reasons of refusal are associated with the mothers' religion, socioeconomic class, and education level (P<0.001). Muslims have refused vaccinations due to religious beliefs, as they were concerned about the vaccine's halal status. Meanwhile, mothers from a higher socioeconomic class and with a higher educational level were apprehensive about the vaccine's safety.
Conclusion: Consolidated strategies are required to increase vaccination uptake, combined with a concerted effort to comprehend, analyse, and overcome vaccine refusal.


Nineteen new species of the genus Bulbophyllum Thouars (Orchidaceae) are described. They originate from Sumatra (including the Riau Archipelago), Borneo, and Papua New Guinea. Five species belong to sect. Hirtula Ridl., four to sect. Leptopus Schltr., three to sect. Hybochilus Schltr., two to sect. Sestochilus (Breda) Benth. & Hook.f., and one to the sections Cirrhopetalum (Lindl.) Rchb.f., Epicrianthes (Blume) Benth. & Hook, f., and Monilibulbus J.J. Sm. each. Two more species cannot be assigned to any section with certainty; one of these may belong to sect. Desmosanthes (Blume) J. J. Sm. The other shows similarity to B. bisetum Lindl. and B. bisetoides Seidenf.; these three species together may well constitute a separate section.


The numerical solution of Laplace's equation in 2-dimensional Cartesian co-ordinates with mixed boundary conditions is described using the successive-overrelaxation method for solution, with the acceleration parameter decided by a method proposed formerly. Its effectiveness is compared with that of other methods.


The molecular systematics of Bryaceae is a new focus on the study of moss.RAPD has been widely used for molecular systematics,and it's an important technique in the field.The test was designed to develop the research of the molecular systematics of Bryaceae.The optimum RAPD reaction system was obtained from the single factor level experiment and orthogonal test.The results showed that the suitable program was one cycle at 94 ℃ 7 min,40 cycles at 94 ℃ 1 min,36 ℃ 1 min,72 ℃ 2 min and one cycle at 72 ℃ 7 min.In the RAPD system of Bryaceae the optional concentration of template DNA was 2 mg/L,primer 0.4 μmol/L,dNTP 0.2 mmol/L,Mg2+ 2 mmol/L,Taq DNA polymerase 1.25 U,total volum 25 μL.On the basis of this 31 polymorphic primers showing genetic differences among Bryaceae were screened from 200 random primers.The study built a solid foundation for molecular systematics of Bryaceae.


The XXI century could be easily call the century of mass electronic transformation and digitization. This is the phenomenon that has "invaded" us together with globalization. At the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the circumstance of remote learning and work (freelance) expanded dramatically. Small and medium-sized companies quickly adapted to the new normality were more likely to identify new business opportunities and therefore be more prosperous. Nevertheless, companies are taking advantage of new technical means to provide services, for example, IT, since IT services are the first type of services that cannot be performed from a distance, even for companies abroad. Last, but not the least, security should be noted for the retaliation of services rendered and the performance of work, for this reason intermediary platforms have also appeared to protect both beneficiaries and service providers.


multilevel security technology has broad applications in military and commercial aspects, the key technology in the research of multilevel security network, based on the BLP model of a security enhancement model is presented, and proved its security of the model. Secondly, based on the analysis of RBAC96 model cluster, proposes a licensing scheme of multilevel mobile IPv6 network based on role. Again gives an implementation scheme of multilevel security network in mobileIPv6 network environment. Including the configuration and deployment of mobile IPv6 environment of multilevel security network, and gives the process of multilevel security network. Finally, the simulation results of multilevel security network is given. The results show that, the multilevel security network design to meet the functional requirements of multilevel security network.


We are developing a taxonomy for classifying applications based on their time constraints. The taxonomy is based on three components that capture the key characteristics between different classes of applications: the process's execution behavior, the timing constraints it requests, and the level of guarantee it is willing to accept from the system. The taxonomy is useful for two reasons: it provides a survey of the types of existing real-time scheduling applications, and it is a tool for understanding how to develop integrated schedulers that handle multiple classes of applications simultaneously.


The present invention relates to a waterproof mortar composition, which can exhibit an excellent adhesive performance with conventional concrete and maintain good workability, and obtain a required strength in a short time such that the composition is suitable for repairing a deteriorated or partially damaged defective part of the road and shows an effective waterproof property for structures including a road. The waterproof mortar composition, according to the present invention, comprises: 15-40wt% of preprocessing silica; 25-45wt% of an inorganic binding material; 15-25wt% of silica; 5-10wt% of phosphate; 2-10wt% of aluminum oxide; and 2-10wt% of magnesium oxide. According to the elements of the waterproof mortar composition, the present invention is capable of: preventing cracks and separation of the construction part; and improving the adhesion with an attachment and at the same time, improving waterproof efficiency by filling a silane-based resin in an air-tight manner.


Using an effective medium approach, we describe how by combining mercury-cadmium-telluride semiconductor alloys with band gap energies of opposite signs it may be possible to design a superlattice where the electrons have isotropic zero-effective mass and a single valley linear energy-momentum dispersion. We demonstrate that because of the zero-mass property, the superlattice may have a strong nonlinear response under the action of an external electromagnetic field.


The present invention relates to a particular air for controlling the air inside the room containing the electric or electronic device that generates heat conditioning. A housing opening for the equipment is positioned in the room (1) to control the air-facing into the air exhaust port and an inlet (33, 34) with a wall opening 100 in the room to control the air which is located opposite to the inside of the room (1) (24 ) consists of a facility housing 20 including the housing opening air vent 31, the ambient air inlet 32 and the exhaust air fan 41, the plenum combined exhaust air and the ambient air having 21 It is guided by. Equipment housing 20 is, in addition to control and regulation device (9), generates and guiding the air flow comprises both the additional devices necessary to process air. Creating the air flow that is used an air conditioner may be economically operated at optimum conditions throughout the year with the minimum of energy consumption, characterized by the smallest dimension, and compact structure of the other hand, the dimensions of conditioning large air guide, and the air there are all the devices required for processing it can be integrated. In addition, the equipment may be manufactured by low cost, and consume less time, the transportation and installation is easy to control the air to the room. The air conditioner, the equipment casing, an air outlet, an air inlet, a casing opening, the outside air inlet, a combined expression of exhaust air and the outside air plenum, the control and regulating device


This paper describes a set of tests used to determine Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) measurement characteristics under steady state and dynamic conditions. The methodology is repeatable, comparable among test facilities, and can be performed at any facility with commonly available relay and standard test equipment. The methodology is based upon using test signals that are mathematically generated from a signal model and played into the PMU with precise GPS synchronization. Timing flags included with the test signal provide correlate the test signals and the PMU output. This allows accurate comparison of the phasor model with the value estimated by the PMU for accurate performance analysis. The timing flags also facilitate programmed plot and report generation.


Obesity is a major problem of public health and its prevalence is rising across the world. Studies point to the negative impact that obesity has on physical functioning Objective: The aim of this study was to assess quality of life in overweight and obeses individuals enrolled on a health promotion program. Methods: 190 men (42,5  9,0 years) and 56 women (42,8  8,8 years) participated of this study. Quality of life was assessed using the questionnaire WHOQOL-bref, according its four domains: physical, psychological, social relationships and environment. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Statistical analysis was performed using the software SPSS 13.0. Descriptive analyses is represented by mean and standard deviation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test was used to compare WHOQOL-bref scores among BMI subgroups. Level of significance was 0,05. Results and Discussion: 60% of the sample present weight excess. The prevalence of obesity was 15,7% among men and 21,4% among women.The poorest score was seen in the physical domain, in women and men. The obesity did not determine expressive differences regarding the individuals with BMI normal. Conclusion: The results did not show an evident impact of the obesity in the quality of life of the obese individuals.This fact can be resulting of the insertion and adhesion of these individuals to the programs of physical activity and dietary advice offered by the CHP. Subsequent studies are necessary for verify this  hypothesis.


The utility model provides a vertical flow artificial wetland substrate reversed size grading system which is used in the technical field of water pollution control engineering ecology. The vertical flow artificial wetland substrate reversed size grading system comprises a punched hole water inlet pipe above vegetation soil and a punched hole water outlet pipe below the vegetation soil, wherein a plurality of layers of layered structures are arranged between the bottom of the vegetation soil and the punched hole water outlet pipe. The layered structures comprise a blast furnace steel slag substrate layer, a zeolite substrate layer and a biological ceramsite substrate layer which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, wherein substrate sizes of all the layers are decreased in sequence from top to bottom, a support water discharge layer is further arranged below the biological ceramsite substrate layer, and the punched hole water outlet pipe is arranged inside the support water discharge layer. The vertical flow artificial wetland substrate reversed size grading system is simple in structure, low in cost, strong in comprehensive purifying capacity, high in quality of processed water, and beneficial for improvement of wetland comprehensive treatment capacity.


Solar rotational tomography is used to determine the three-dimensional electron density distribution of the solar corona from 2.4 to 6.0 R☉. The robust, regularized, positive estimation method, described in a previous paper, is demonstrated on test cases and on LASCO-C2 data. Because the solar rotational pole is inclined to the plane of the ecliptic by about 7°, the tomographic inversion requires a full three-dimensional treatment instead of a series of two-dimensional inversions. The LASCO data are taken from the first Whole Sun Month, which was a period of low solar activity.


Abstract Extensive current meter, hydrographic and wind data were collected in the region of the Keweenaw Current, a strong coastal jet, during the late spring and early summer regime of Lake Superior. These data were compared with surface wind and pressure patterns over the region with the following conclusions: 1) Longshore winds associated with migrating low-pressure systems generate onshore Ekman transport and coastal downwelling. The coastal downwelling results in an intensification of the onshore internal pressure gradient, and consequently the coastal jet. Speeds of over 75 cm s−1 are both observed and calculated, suggesting the Keweenaw Current, at these times, is in geostrophic equilibrium. 2) Longshore winds associated with migrating high-pressure systems generate offshore Ekman transport and coastal upwelling. Upwelling velocities of 13-50 m day−1, an offshore surface transport layer of 10 m, a near-shore deceleration of the Keweenaw Current and current direction fluctuations of near- and sub-i...


In this work, the pillar structure of V-GAA transistor has been developed for sub 10 nm technology node application in DRAM. SADP method with 193 nm wavelength was used to define the pitch of 41 nm along the word line direction and that of 47.3 nm along the bit line direction. The pillar structure was observed by TEM. The VGAA transistor pillar array density is as high as ~517 Mb/mm2.


There are a lot of facts of deliberate falsification of history. Abkhazia and Georgia are neighbors geographically having a common history. In Georgian historiography, the denial of the Abkhaz people and Abkhazia's existence became the norm: attempts are being made to prove that Apsua and Abkhaz are two different ethnic groups, that Abkhaz and Abkhaz language in medieval sources were used in the meaning of Georgian and Georgian language. Nowadays, Georgia claims that there are 1,100 Georgian architectural monuments on the territory of Abkhazia which include such ancient temples as the Church of Dormition of Lykhny of the 10th century, the Church of St. Simon the Canaanite (New Athos), the Dranda Cathedral (6th–8th centuries), and other religious objects, pieces of art. However, these political statements are not true. At various times, temple objects from Abkhazia surfaced in Georgia, storing the icon of the Pitsunda Mother of God in the Gelat Monastery, located near Kutaisi; the Golden Cup from the Bedia Church; the Gospel which belonged to the Mokva Archbishop's Seat and is held now in the Museum of Art of Georgia in Tbilisi. Georgia considers these artifacts Georgian and refuses to return them to Abkhazia. The falsification also affected the Besleti Bridge, one of the ancient architectural monuments of Abkhazia located on the river Basla near Sukhumi. According to Abkhaz scientists, the date of the bridge's construction was falsified in 1935 during the restoration work carried out by Georgian researchers. The biographies of well-known figures of science and culture of Abkhazia were also falsified. All these examples show that modern Abkhazia has a lot of work to do to rewrite its state history.


The wetting–drying and warming–cooling behaviours of rock and stone are known to influence the nature and rate of weathering. The way materials warm‐up and dry‐out also influences their suitability as biological substrata. While rock thermal behaviours have been measured under controlled laboratory conditions, previous experiments have largely been restricted to terrestrial simulations due to practical constraints. Where efforts have been made to simulate intertidal conditions, expansion and contraction of rocks or rates of breakdown (i.e. sediment production and weight loss) have been measured, while detailed observations of thermal and drying behaviours have rarely been made.


This essay argues that Alfred Tennyson, in the poems that he wrote around the time of his friend Arthur Henry Hallam's death in 1833, examines the competing claims of physical and metaphysical accounts of the human mind. While the psychological dialogue 'The Two Voices', and the dramatic monologues 'St Simeon Stylites', 'Tithon', and 'Ulysses', seek to affirm belief in an immortal spiritual element of personal identity, their focus is persistently drawn to the representation of a mutable and embodied mind that is shaped by physiology and physical experience. Drawing on Hallam's own writings about the mind, and on the associationist philosophy of David Hartley, Tennyson's poems present an account of embodied psychology that went on to influence physiological psychologists in the Victorian era.


Population aging in Brazil is a fact. More than 70% of the elderly population depend on the Unified Health System (SUS). As the training of health professionals in the area of aging does not keep up with the demand brought by aging, matrix support can be an answer to improve the care provided to this population. The purpose of this article is to show the experience of the geriatrics service at Pedro Ernesto University Hospital of the State University of Rio de Janeiro in the matrix support to the Family Health Strategy, aiming at training the network, professionals, and residents of the Geriatrics Program.


Because of the important role sensory systems play in the behaviour of animals, information on sensory capabilities is of great value to behavioural ecologists in the development of hypotheses to explain behaviour. In compound eyes, interommatidial angles are a key determinant of visual acuity but methods for measuring these angles are often demanding and limited to live animals with a pseudopupil. Here we present a new technique for measuring interommatidial angles that is less demanding in terms of technology than other techniques but still accurate. It allows measurements in eyes without a pseudopupil such as dark eyes or even museum specimens. We call this technique the radius of curvature estimation (RCE) method. We describe RCE and validate the method by comparing results from RCE with those from pseudopupil analysis for the butterfly Asterocampa leilia. As an application of RCE we measure the eyes of the butterfly Battus philenor, a species whose visually guided behaviour is well known but whose eye structure and visual acuity are unknown. We discuss the results of the eye morphology in B. philenor in relation to their behaviour and ecology. We contend that RCE fills a gap in the repertoire of techniques available to study peripheral determinants of spatial resolution in compound eyes, because it can be applied on species with dark eyes. RCE then opens up for sampling a larger number of specimens, which, in combination with being able to use museum specimens, makes it possible to quantitatively test ecologically and evolutionarily driven hypotheses about vision in animals in a new way.


Fourteen compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of Chinese herbal medicine Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.,which were identified as sugiol(1),β-sitosterol(2),lupaneol(3),ursolic acid(4),Rhamnose(5),daucosterol(6),sucrose(7),caffeic acid(8),oleic acid(9),3-O-(6′-O-palmitoyl-β-D-glucosyl)-spinasta-7,22-diene(10),clematomanshurica saponin E(11),α-caryphy(12),α-cedrol(13),and scrophuloside A4(14) on the basis of physicochemical and spectroscopic evidences.Compounds 3,5,and 8-14 were isolated from this plant for the first time.


The July 1830 'Trois Glorieuses' abruptly ended Charles X's absolutist regime, and Charles Motte's Le Plan figuratif des barricades (1830), published shortly afterwards, documents the violent struggle between the forces loyal to the last Bourbon monarch and the victorious 'citoyen armés'. Much more than a simple map documenting yet another Paris revolution, Motte's Plan provides the reader with a social and historical overview of a society in turmoil. Le Plan figuratif contrasts with traditional historical narrative, and this article will examine Motte's map discourse (use of text, colour, shapes and symbols) and its presentation of a divided city — one where easy-to-see, hand-drawn red gunfire and bright yellow barricades illustrate to what extent the working-class population from the central and eastern arrondissements of Paris were willing to take to the streets, participate in combat, and challenge French royal authority. This contrasts with the bourgeois western districts which remain largely free of both violence and colour. In sum, Motte's map affords hope to the underprivileged, showing them the efficacy of their numbers. Yet he also alerts future administrations as to which neighbourhoods to survey in order to maintain control over their capital city, many of which would be targeted by Haussmann's renovations of Paris under the Second Empire.


The nonhomogeneous spatial activation of raincells (NSAR) model is presented which provides a continuous spatial‐temporal stochastic simulation of rainfall exhibiting spatial nonstationarity in both amounts and occurrence. Spatial nonstationarity of simulated rainfall is important for hydrological modeling of mountainous catchments where orographic effects on precipitation are strong. Such simulated rainfall fields support the current trend toward distributed hydrological modeling. The NSAR model extends the Spatial Temporal Neyman‐Scott Rectangular Pulses (STNSRP) model, which has a homogeneous occurrence process, by generating raincells with a spatially nonhomogeneous Poisson process. An algorithm to simulate nonhomogeneous raincell occurrence is devised. This utilizes a new efficient and accurate algorithm to simulate raincells from an infinite 2‐D Poisson process, in which only raincells relevant to the application are simulated. A 4009 km2 Pyrenean catchment exhibiting extreme orographic effects provides a suitable case study comprising seven daily rain gauge records with hourly properties estimated using regional downscaling relationships. Both the NSAR and the STNSRP models are fitted to five calibration rain gauges. Simulated hourly fields are validated using the remaining two rain gauges providing the first validation of time series sampled from STNSRP or NSAR processes at locations not used in model fitting. The NSAR model exhibits considerable improvement over the STNSRP model particularly with respect to nonhomogeneous rainfall occurrence at both daily and hourly resolutions. Further, the NSAR simulation provides an excellent match to the spatially nonhomogeneous observed daily mean, proportion dry, variance, coefficient of variation, autocorrelation, skewness coefficient, cross correlation and extremes, and to the hourly proportion dry and variance properties.


In islanded microgrids with droop-controlled inverters, the droop coefficients need to be tuned in real-time to maintain asymptotic stability. Online stability region estimation improves the situational awareness of the system operator and enables the selection of stable droop gains as the system configuration changes. The challenge in the conventional stability region estimation process is its unscalability and high computational complexity. In this paper, an efficient alternative is proposed using conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) that demonstrates high accuracy and improved scalability. The implementation of cGANs-based stability assessment is described for an LV distribution test case and its advantages demonstrated.


Introduction Norovirus is a pathogenic RNA virus that is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis from contaminated food in the U.S. Outbreaks occur in restaurants, schools, hotels, home care facilities, cruise ships, and in the wilderness tourism industry. Norovirus outbreaks occur often during times of low humidity such as the winter season in temperate zones (Colas de la Noue et al., 2014; Jones, Gaither, Kramer, & Gerba, 2009; Seitz et al., 2011). These viruses are a major concern for surfaces and fomites in the food production, service, and grocery retail industries (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018). The objective of this study was to test a hypothesized norovirus transmission pathway via reusable grocery bags (RGBs) within a conventional grocery supermarket. A true norovirus transmission pathway is not possible to evaluate in a public setting, so a bacteriophage is used as a safe surrogate to assess the presence and concentration of the virus. A surrogate is defi ned here as an organism, particle, or substance that is used to study the fate and transport of a pathogen in a specifi c environment (Sinclair et al., 2012). The MS2 bacteriophage is a suitable surrogate for norovirus because it is a single-stranded RNA virus with a similar structure and size to most noroviruses (Beamer et al., 2014). The MS2 bacteriophage surrogate can be used to model the survival, morphology, and transport characteristics of norovirus without the infection risk or the necessity of mammalian cell culture facilities (Dawson, Paish, Staffell, Seymour, & Appleton, 2005). This experiment models norovirus transmission with the surrogate MS2 introduced into a grocery store through an experimentally contaminated RGB. This study builds on a previous work that investigated the potential for contamination in RGBs. The fi ndings were that over 10% of all bags obtained from shoppers contained fecal indicator bacteria and that only 3% of all shoppers had reported ever washing their bags (Williams, Gerba, Maxwell, & Sinclair, 2011). Other studies have linked reusable bags with a norovirus outbreak in the U.S. Northwest (Repp & Keene, 2012) where an RGB was contaminated with aerosolized norovirus from an infected individual. This study investigates the potential for contaminated RGBs to distribute viruses within a public grocery store. This study's hypothesis is that norovirus could be spread from a contaminated RGB to various public surfaces in the grocery store (Figure 1). The study purpose is to provide data that can help identify critical control Ryan Sinclair, MPH, PhD Lindsay Fahnestock, MPH Loma Linda University School of Public Health


The meanings of being "underclass" in China are increasingly ambivalent when various disadvantaged social groups also get access to digital platforms which become more and more influential in not just facilitating people's economic and cultural practices online but also mediating, distorting, and reshaping these processes. Using critical techno-cultural discourse analysis about how the underclass represent poverty and themselves by creating short videos and performing live-commerce on Kuaishou, this study finds that digital entrepreneurialism becomes an interlocking governmentality to discipline the underclass' online participation. Afforded by the platform and operationalized by multiple networked actors, entrepreneurialism incorporates the underclass in the digitally mediated productive relationship and at the same time disciplines their online representation and exploits the involved entities through both platform labor and monetary investments to cultivate an underclass entrepreneurial subject. Although claiming to include and empower the diversified Chinese underclass, digital platforms actually reproduce the underclassness by mobilizing the calculated conformity among the underclass to experience the intertwining online and offline inequalities through digital entrepreneurship. Nonetheless, nuances of minor narratives still exist in the digitally mediated self-representation.


In view of poor corrosion resistance of ordinary cermet,the cermet with rich N on its surface was prepared by first vacuum sintering and then nitriding.The microstructure,mechanical and physical properties,and corrosion resistance of the prepared sample were analyzed.The results show that the comprehensive performance of cermet is improved by nitriding,and its corrosion resistance in acidic or basic medium also improved.After cermet is treated with nitriding,both its surface Ti content and hardness increase to improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.


Based on the accelerated process of marketization, the commercial banks of China begin to transform operation modes and management concepts to take more shares in the market. This paper takes the actual operation situation of commercial banks as the object to find the problems and solve the problems, discuss the measures of the capital operation management of commercial banks in the new era to improve the service efficiency of funds and promote the progress of commercial banks.


This research aims to investigate the influences of the enterprise resource planning implementation on logistics management efficiency and its impact on the sustainable performance of logistics business in Thailand. The data were collected by sampling methodology. There were 520 samples selected from the registered companies conducting business as an entrepreneur of transportation business including both transporting freight and passengers as of the first quarter of 2019. The data were analyzed with the structural equation modeling (SEM).  The findings revealed that the success of enterprise resource planning implementation had direct positive influences on the logistics management efficiency in terms of warehouse management (LME/WH) and transportation management (LME/TM).  The direct positive influences were equivalent to 0.42 and 0.60 respectively which were statistically significant at the 0.01 level. The study of casual relation of logistics management efficiency in four aspects showed that the positive influence on sustainable performance were equivalent to 0.16, 0.03, 0.75 and 0.25 respectively which were statistically significant at the 0.05 level.


COVID-19 has impacted sleep-health in various ways. There has been a substantial increase in the number of patients or subjects with sleep issues, with majority reporting delayed onset, fragmented and/or poor-quality sleep. Sleep is a restorative process; is very crucial to body's response to anything that's foreign and serves as a repairing phase of our system. Sleep is generated by our brain; it is of the brain and most importantly for the brain. The universal lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic has created many sleep related mental issues.


A simple method is proposed in order to measure the relative rate constants of the interactions between oxygen O(3P) atoms and unsaturated hydrocarbon. A 147 nm photolysis of air is used to produce the O(3P) atoms. In the presence of 1,2-butadiene, these oxygen atoms have a very clean reaction that gives rise to propylene formation. By including a suitable additive, and by looking at the formation of propene versus the [additive]/[1,2-butadiene] ratio, the absolute values of the various O(3P) + unsaturated hydrocarbon interactions can be evaluated. These rate constants increase with the number of substituents attached to the double bond. Moreover, a correlation between the total rate constants and ionization potentials is also observed.


Based on the results of the questionnaire on a number of employers and outstanding graduates of vocational colleges, combining the guidance and advice of industry experts, this paper carries a thorough analysis on the English application abilities, professional qualities and social demands of higher vocational students. From the indication of questionnaires and the interviews with the high level talents graduating from vocational colleges, the paper explores the reform measures of teaching ideas, teaching contents, methods, assessment mechanism and so on, and shares the practical experience as well.


Most rashes due to imatinib are self‐limiting and do not require discontinuation of treatment.1 Oral antihistamines and topical steroids are sufficient in most cases. In two reports of drug‐induced reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) caused by imatinib, the course was favorable a few days after cessation of the drug.2‐3 Only one case required systemic steroids and the patient was treated with oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day.4 In our case, because of the absence of severe visceral involvement, we opted for topical steroids. The rash disappeared completely within 2 weeks. Le Nouail et al. also reported that the rash and associated manifestations improved within 12 days after introduction of topical steroids, as seen in our case.3


The construction industry is one of the largest producers of greenhouse gases, accounting for 38% of global carbon emissions. Recently, interest in mass timber construction has grown, due to its potential benefits in reducing environmental impact compared to traditional construction methods that use steel and concrete, and in promoting global sustainability and climate agendas, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and global net-zero emissions by 2050. Despite the slow adoption of mass timber construction (MTC) in Australia, some innovative and iconic projects and initiatives have been realised. The research intends to identify critical challenges and potential for broader adoption of MTC in Australia. The study reviewed selected MTC projects, followed by a perception survey and interviews of the relevant industry stakeholders in Australia to understand the key barriers and enablers for the widespread application of MTC in Australia. Significant challenges identified in the research include a lack of understanding of fire safety, regulations, performance, inherent application, and local manufacturers and suppliers, which are yet to be improved. In addition, it was found that prior experience built confidence in the application of MTC. Furthering widespread adoption of MTC technology in Australia beyond cost competitiveness requires the Australian construction industry to work towards developing suitable regulatory and insurance policies, financing, incentivising clients, and a skilled workforce. The study focuses on an investigation in the context of industry perceptions of MTC in Australia. Based on the analysis of the critical characteristics of MTC projects, and using the empirical data, the study identifies key challenges and opportunities in the widespread application of MTC in Australia.


This work presents an experimental study on the performance of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to solve the parameter estimation problem for a DC servomechanism. The study considers the case when the measurements exhibit high levels of noise. The parameters estimates obtained with the PSO algorithm are compared with those obtained using a standard Least Square (LS) algorithm. Two different data sets are applied to the PSO algorithm, the first set considers position measurements from the DC servomechanism without further processing. The second set corresponds to filtered position measurements using a first order filter with several cut-off frequencies. All the experimental results are obtained in a laboratory test platform where the position measurement are obtained through a potentiometer. This sensor produces measurements with high levels of noise, which is evaluated using a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) index. The experiments show that positive values of the SNR index translate into parameter estimates obtained with the PSO algorithm closer to those produced by the Least Squares algorithm. On the other hand, negative values of the SNR index correspond to significant discrepancies between these estimates.


Summary

The prevalence of Eimeria infections was investigated in an initial survey in 54 sow herds of small (five sows) to large (1600 sows) size by random sampling (n = 1204). All sows of four Eimeria-positive medium-sized farms (63 or 130 sows) were re-examined 40–99 days after the first visit. A follow-up survey over the whole reproductive cycle was subsequently performed in a positive herd of 130 animals where faecal samples of 43 sows were repeatedly collected on seven successive farm visits. In 44 farms (81.5%) parasite stages (eggs of strongylids, Trichuris, Ascaris, Strongyloides, oocysts of Eimeria and Isospora) were identified in sow faeces, strongylids being the most prevalent intestinal parasites (34 farms resembling 63%) followed by Eimeria spp. (28 farms resembling 52%). Of the 1204 random samples collected during the initial survey 8.6% contained Eimeria oocysts. Oocysts of E. polita and E. debliecki were present in each of 25 Eimeria-positive samples selected for species differentiation. Eimeria suis was diagnosed in 84%, E. scabra in 60%, E. porci in 52%, E. perminuta in 49% and E. spinosa in 20% of these specimens. At the second visit the prevalence rates of Eimeria infections had either increased or decreased. In the follow-up study Eimeria infections were found to be most frequent (82%) at the service station. At the quarantine unit and the gestation stable 50 and 48% of the 43 sows were Eimeria positive. The lowest prevalence of Eimeria infection was observed in the farrowing unit (14%). With respect to the reproductive state of the sows highest infection rates were seen 2 weeks after weaning (72%) continuously decreasing until 2 weeks after farrowing (14%). A periparturient rise of oocyst excretion was not observed. The infestation rate remained low until 1 week before weaning (16%). Low infection intensities clearly dominated. Clinical disease was not associated with Eimeria infection.


The cosmic microwave background (CMB) provides a snapshot of the early universe when matter began to become structured and has been the focus of several recent observational campaigns. In his Perspective,
 Gangui
 discusses the results from these campaigns, which provide support for inflationary models of the universe.


Teachers are a lways intending to give more make progress in major training.Howere,when facing up to the fact that the fundamental quality of students is poor,as resutt it is difficult to reach the feaching odjectivities a refrection:how to strees the teaching process to get a better effect in the sketch training teach- ing should be made.


Video Encryption is widely used in many real-time applications today. Despite numerous video encryption techniques that are available today, the challenges such as time and space complexity, real time latency, scalability and vulnerability towards few attacks still exist in the research domain, however few algorithms have achieved acceptable computational complexity, but in such cases vulnerability to certain attacks (differential, statistical, plain text attack, and cipher text attacks) are still a threat to secure video transmission. To the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive but detailed systematic literature review on video encryption is needed for the researchers in the scientific community. This paper, therefore, presents a systematic literature review of 30 scientific documents extracted from platforms like scopus and web of science. The paper, comprehensively addresses, various techniques of video encryption and encoding, different evaluation parameters to testify the performance of the algorithms and discusses the challenges of the existing video encryption algorithms. After careful investigation, it has been observed the approaches which involve encryption of the video data post the same has been encoded is the most efficient and scalable approach towards video encryption. In addition, it also implies that in near future, the proposed algorithms, must be evaluated based on the various categorization of parameters illustrated in this paper.


Abstract Research has highlighted the salience of online activity involving nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents who self-injure. Most research in this area has been descriptive in nature, however, little is known about the precise activities by these youth and whether this varies by NSSI frequency. Thus, the present study examined the frequency of Internet site use for emotional health reasons and the specific online activities for emotional health reasons among adolescents who reported recent, past and no engagement in NSSI. One hundred and forty-two adolescents (Mage = 14.43, SD = .57; 64.1% female) completed a series of questionnaires to assess NSSI status and online activity. The findings revealed an interesting pattern of Internet use among adolescents who recently engaged in NSSI indicative of connecting (sharing and getting support) online, in contrast to those with a past history of self-injury who reported online activity more similar to those with no history of self-injury. Research and clinical implications are discussed.


PowerPoint slides from a paper presented at the North Carolina School Library Media Association Annual Conference, October 6-8, Winston Salem, NC. Presentation discusses a UNCG study of how school library websites compare to recommended best practices.


Phytomass and production of a Quercetum frainetto-cerris macedonicum xerothermic oak ecosystem in Galichica National Park and a Calamintho grandiflorae–Fagetum montane beech ecosystem in Mavrovo National Park were investigated at research stations in the field. Detailed data on phytomass and production were obtained for aboveground and belowground parts; for tree, shrub, and herb layers; and for perennial and annual organs. The areas of warm continental and montane belts and the percentage of forested area were used to assess the area of these two types of forests in Macedonia. An estimation of phytomass, production, and carbon sequestration was performed for the total territory of Macedonia. These data were adjusted in the light of biomass of the accumulated forest floor and CO2 assimilation and dissimilation.


The main objective of this paper is to perform structural analysis of arch dam using finite element method. Since the dam possesses complex double curvature shell structure analysis using conventional structural analysis method s is not preferable. Therefore opted finite element method opted. Among the many FEM packages that are available, ANSYS is a package that makes analysis of complex structures possible with least errors. The paper mainly focuses on the location of major stress concentration points and deflections of the dam.


Based on th e analysis of the language materials in view of communicative functions, this paper demonstrates some potential misuses in scientific English writing . For example, excessive noun conversion of verbs or adjectives may make the se ntences wordy and sloppy, and overuse of passive voice leads to unbalanced sente nce structure as well as stiff and ambiguous sounding sentences.


Aims : Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is common between 5-15 years, uncommon with different presentation 25 in children below 5 years. The aim of this study is to assess the frequency and characterize the pattern of 26 presentation of rheumatic fever (RF) in Egyptian children younger than 5 years. Study Design : Retrospective study. Place and Duration of the Study : Pediatric department, cardiology division, Cairo University Children's Hospital, 5 years follow up. Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed the pre-completed data of 766 patients following up in the rheumatic fever clinic. Those with incomplete medical records were excluded. We compared between children younger than 5 years and those who are 5 years or older as regards their demographic data, clinical presentations, laboratory findings and echocardiographic findings. Results: We enrolled 667 patients; 17 of them (2.5%) were younger than 5 years (mean age 3.82± SD 0.393 years). The group of patients younger than 5 years old; included 10 females (58.8%) and 7 males (41.2%). Positive family history was encountered in 6 patients (37.7%). The most common presentations of the younger age group of patients were arthritis in 12 patients (70.5%), followed by carditis in 5 patients (29.4%), chorea in 3 patients (17.6%), and skin manifestations in 2 patients in the form of erythema marginatum (11.7%). Subclinical carditis was more common in younger children than the


It is well known that biopsy, surgical and postmortem tissues fixed in formaiin and embedded in paraffin require antigen retrieval for diagnostic pathology. Various methods, including heating, enzymatic digestion, ultrasonication, and detergents, are in use for achieving antigen retrieval. A combination of these methods is also employed. However, the most effective methodology for antigen retrieval in a wide variety of tissues involves heating at high temperature using a microwave oven, an autoclave, a pressure cooker, or a hot plate. Among these treatments, heating the tissue sections (4 urn thick) in 0.01 M sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) in a microwave oven is the most widely used technique for antigen retrieval. To obtain efficient and reproducible antigen retrieval, the microwave oven must be used carefully and optimally. The following steps are recommended to achieve these goals (Hayat, 2000 a, b). The causes of most hazards encountered in using a microwave oven are straight forward and can be avoided by taking necessary precautions. Higher power settings and longer durations of heating than optimal for a given study should be avoided. Because overheating is not uncommon, the time setting should be checked.


The writer of the Golden Bough, Dr. Frazer, has most ably interpreted the inner meaning of the strange ritual in the grove of Diana Nemorensis near Aricia, with reference to primitive folk ideas about the deity who governs vegetation and human life. It seems possible to apply the main principle also to a part of the legend of Theseus. In some ways Theseus seems to be purely a mythological figure, to whom an historical place is assigned at the close of the Minoan supremacy, judging by the story of the ring. To him various myths after the type of the labours of Heracles have been attached, some purely invented to give him prominence, others based entirely on ritualistic elements. One of these—the myth of Sinis—has already been explained in the latter way by Dr. Farnell.