In __chapter 2__, a systemic review of investigated factors that potentially may influence fentanyl pharmacokinetics is reported. Factors were split in in four groups: pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions, environmental factors, patient related factors and pharmacogenetics.
In __chapter 3__, we describe methods for bioanalysis of opioid concentrations in plasma of patients with cancer. The used methods are validated for analysis of fentanyl, norfentanyl, morphine, hydromorphone and the metabolites morphine-3s-glucuronide and morphine-6s-glucuronide.
In __chapter 4__, we present a study on the influence of the common patient characteristics, variation in BMI and smoking yes or no, on the exposure of transdermal fentanyl in patients treated for cancer related pain. We aimed to partly explain the wide differences in fentanyl pharmacokinetics between individual patients.
In __chapter 5__, we present results of two separate studies investigating the effect of the localization of the fentanyl patch, upper arm versus thorax, and the use of the moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor aprepitant, on the exposure of transdermal fentanyl. These factors were not earlier studied in patients with cancer and might explain (a part of) the variety in fentanyl pharmacokinetics.
In __chapter 6__, the results of a prospective study in patients with head and neck cancer treated with chemo- or bioradiotherapy is reported. We studied the influence of mucositis on the exposure to sublingually delivered fentanyl using an intra-patient comparison. Besides we describe the effect of xerostomia on the exposure to sublingually delivered fentanyl in these patients six weeks after the end of chemo- or bioradiotherapy.
In __chapter 7__, a summary of the studies described in this thesis, a discussion on the methods and findings and recommendations for further research are given.


In this article, the results of an initial attempt to estimate the effects of state attributes on plant location and investment expenditure were presented for the forest products industry in the southern United States. A conditional logit model was used to analyze new plant births, and a time- series cross-section model to assess the total capital expenditure. Significant positive effects were found for personal income and forest inventory, and negative effects were found for population density. In the short run, tax and energy costs had negative impacts on new plant births in a state, while in the long run, stumpage price and environmental stringency had negative effects on the capital expenditure. Sensitivity of model specification was documented, and policy implications were discussed. For. Sci. 47(2):169-177.


This paper empirically researches the relationship between independent director in internal mechanism and creditor in external mechanism in the context of compulsive system evolution and with samples from China listed companies.


Tracking Change: The Role of Local and
Traditional Knowledge in Watershed
Governance, Grant/Award Number: 895-
2015-1024; Darwin Initiative for the Survival
of Species, Grant/Award Number: 20–001


This chapter contains sections titled: What are Million-Dollar Blocks? Or, Justice and the City, Why are so many Americans in Jail and Prison?, From Data to Maps, From Crime Maps to Admissions Maps, Redefining the Problem: Mass Migration and Reentry, Money Maps, Criminal Justice as Infrastructure


The paper explores the impact of food production index (FPI) on consumer price index (CPI) of food, agricultural labor force (ALF) and rural-urban, agriculture-non agriculture populations in South Asia (SA). Although the food production in South Asian region has increased, food prices are also escalating dramatically. The issue has a dual economic impact as consumers lose and producers gain. The situation is undesirable when net consumers outweigh the net producers in a particular country. Secondary data gathered from FAOSTAT database during 2000 to 2005 were used for empirical analysis. The empirical results of the two models employed revealed that random effect test is more appropriate for the estimation. The results imply that consumer protection, CPI, and ALF are country specific determinants for food production and therefore food policy reforms can protect consumers without loosing agricultural population or labour in the region. Key Words: Agricultural Labour Force, Consumer Price Index, Food production, Panel Data Analysis, South Asia Sri Lankan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Vol.1(1) July 2009


Introduction: Genetic mutations in the Lamin A/C (LMNA) genes have been recognized as a possible cause of familial cardiomyopathies (CMP). Ventricular Tachycardias (VT) are frequently associated with LMNA cardiomyopathy, but data is limited on time of occurrence, prevalence of and used treatment options and their efficacy of these VTs. The aim of this study is to describe ventricular arrhythmias in LMNA cardiomyopathy Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study including data from all patients diagnosed with LMNA CMP within the Erasmus MC department of cardiology, a tertiary referral centre. Follow up continued until the patient either got a heart transplantation (HTX) or died. Results: Twenty patients were identified with LMNA CMP. The follow up time ranged between 14 and 208 months with a median of 67. Malignant VTs were documented in 14 out of 20 (70%) patients. Five patients (25%) had documented non sustained (NS) VT before a diagnosis was made using genetic testing, whereas the remaining VTs occur...


The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of the two large multipurpose experiments at the LHC. CMS has been successfully operating since the start-up of the LHC, and has recorded in 2010 around 1 billion of the most interesting proton-proton collisions out of the approximately 3 trillion (3 × 10) provided by the LHC. The accumulated data has been used to perform stringent tests of the Standard Model of particle physics, and to search for signs of new physics. Here we report on the first year (2010) jet results from the 3.5+3.5 TeV proton-proton run, with some updates from 2011, focusing on probes of hard QCD. The highlights of the first year of jet measurements in proton-proton collisions include precise determination of the jet energy scale, measurements of inclusive jet production, inclusive b-jet production and isolated prompt photon production, hadronic event shapes, dijet azimuthal decorrelations and dijet angular distributions. These measurements have validated the experimental techniques and theoretical models used at CMS. They have also extended the energy reach beyond previous experiments, and have paved the road for discoveries of new physical phenomena.


The latitude dependence of atmospheric disturbances was detected from a data study. It is found that the amplitude of atmospheric disturbances increases with geomagnetic latitude. The data of radio soundings show that the disturbance occurs in the atmosphere. (auth)


In this paper, we prove the existence of Radon measure-valued solutions for nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations with nonnegative bounded Radon measure data. Moreover, we show the uniqueness of the measure-valued solutions when the Radon measure as a forcing term is diffuse with respect to the parabolic capacity and the Radon measure as a initial value is diffuse with respect to the Newtonian capacity. We also deduce that the concentrated part of the solution with respect to the Newtonian capacity depends on time.


What is "evolutionary political economy"? Throughout all kinds of social sciences there exists no clear-cut definition, not even a commonly shared vision. This article presents a rather ambitious and non-ambiguous positioning of this discipline to fill this gap. It does so by characterizing its content, i.e. its object of investigation, as well as the languages (including formal languages) it uses. Since such a task also implies the necessity to draw the borders that distinguish the field from a multitude of new and fashionable economic schools the article also provides some essential demarcation lines – mostly they are rooted in the historical development of economic theories in their interplay with socioeconomic reality. With respect to the history of social theories our approach can probably be interpreted as an update of classical political economy with the help of most advanced formal techniques. Despite our focus on a unique, understandable, and operational definition of "evolutionary political economy" – sometimes using daring hypothesis – it is evident that like any theoretical innovation our proposal is meant to provoke the economic mainstream and thus will certainly have to undergo several changes to win this fight.


The Zero Reject Policy (ZRP) was policy introduced by Ministery of Education in Malaysia, December 2018 purposely to adhance the implementation of Education for All Policy in Malaysia. Through this policy Special Education Need ( SEN) students were give an opportunity to study in mainstream classes without any rejection. Therefore, this pilot study aims is to identify the level of teacher's acceptance and readiness among mainstreams teachers in implenting ZRP spesifically in rural school in Malaysia. This quantitative studies involved 120 mainstream teachers whose randomly selected in Kapit, Sarawak . The questionare distributed randomly in 43 primary school teachers in Kapit District and the data analyzed using SPSS V23. The research findings indicated that the level of teachers acceptance and readiness bothly in the moderate level. The top down policy making encougare teachers readiness in implement any new policy. However, the level of readiness also influence by level of acceptance of teachers. ThereforTherefore, more exposure about ZRP thru courses and workshop should conducted in order to increase teachers acceptances and readiness to implement ZRP in rural school


It a great pleasure for me to extend a welcome to all of you who are participating in SNPD 2016, the 17th International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD 2016), which is being held in Shanghai, China. The conference is sponsored by the IEEE Computer Society and the International Association for Computer and Information Science (ACIS), in cooperation with the Software Engineering and Information Technology Institute at Central Michigan University, USA. It is organized by Shanghai University and co-organized by Shanghai Key Laboratory of Computer Software Testing & Evaluating.


A Solar hot water collector, manufactured from polymer materials, has been studied to produce low temperature water with low cost production in order to assist electrical safety, which is more suitable for Thailand's energy usage. The polymer collector used in this study was PVC composite (PVC-C). This material, with a conduction rate of 0.24 W/m K, was investigated through ASHRAE 93- 77 standard procedures and compared with a commercial solar collector made from a polyphenylene ether blend with polystyrene (Noryl). The mechanical properties testing used in this study are tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at break, before and after aging at 50oC for 10,000 hr in order to indicate aging. The lifetime expected from aging results for PVC-C was more than 8 years durability under these experimental testing conditions. Keywords: Polymeric solar collector, Thermal efficiency, Artificial aging, Mechanical properties


On November 16, 1990, US President George H.W. Bush signed into law the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). This federal legislation marked the culmination of decades o...


(1) In a lease to which this section applies (as to which, see sections 13 and 14) there is implied a covenant by the lessor— (a) to keep in repair the structure and exterior of the dwelling-house (including drains, gutters and external pipes), (b) to keep in repair and proper working order the installations in the dwellinghouse for the supply of water, gas and electricity and for sanitation (including basins, sinks, baths and sanitary conveniences, but not other fixtures, fittings and appliances for making use of the supply of water, gas or electricity), and (c) to keep in repair and proper working order the installations in the dwellinghouse for space heating and heating water.


The ever growing technological innovations and sophistication in industrial processes require adequate checks on quality. Thus, there is an increasing demand for simple and efficient quality control methods. In this regard the control charts stand out in simplicity and efficiency. In this paper, we propose a method of controlling quality based on the theory of hidden Markov chains. Based on samples drawn at different times from the production process, the method obtains the state of the process probabilistically. The main advantage of the method is that it requires no assumption on the normality of the process output.


Introduction: Many investigations are now interested to discover naturally occurring compounds, which can be used for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Most natural products which may be used as adjuvant therapy or to reduce the side effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. More than 300 products obtained from microorganisms have antitumor activities.
Results: In the study we isolated N-(3-4-Dichlorophenyl) 2-Methyl, 2,3Dihydroxypropio amide from Aspergillus fumigatus and 2.4.6. Triphenyl pyridine from Cylindrocarpon candidum and investigate the cytotoxic effect and apoptotic effect on HepG2 cell line. The results revealed high cytotoxic effect at the concentration of 400μg/ml for both N-(3-4- Dichlorophenyl) 2-Methyl, 2,3Dihydroxypropio amide and 2.4.6. Triphenyl pyridine and effect is increase with time of incubation. The apoptotic effect of both products were investigated by measurement the caspase enzymes, the results showed highest activity of caspase 3 and caspase 9. Also at concentration 400μg/ml in both products.
Conclusion: From this data we observe that two isolated product have antitumor effect and this effect is related to the concentration of the products and incubation period. Also, the two products induce apoptosis through increase activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9 which lead to programmed of cell death. This study need to furthermore study on experimental animal to confirm our results.


Fifty-six healthy Ragdoll cats underwent an ultrasonographical examination of the urinary tract to evaluate if gender, age, bodyweight and presence of a medullary rim sign had a significant influence on renal length and corticomedullary ratio (CM). Individual variation percentage was much more pronounced for renal length in comparison with CM ratio. Mean renal length measured 3.83 ± 0.45 cm (range 2.98–5.09 cm), mean cortical thickness 0.73 ± 0.15 cm (range 0.36–1.18 cm), mean medullary thickness 0.87 ± 0.19 cm (range 0.46–1.39 cm) and mean CM ratio 0.88 ± 0.29 (range 0.29–1.78). Renal length showed a significant positive correlation with bodyweight (P <0.0001), age (P = 0.0073) and male gender (P <0.0001). Therefore, these parameters have to be kept in mind when evaluating renal length on ultrasound. The CM ratio was solely influenced by the presence of a medullary rim sign (P <0.0001). Further research, however, is needed to investigate the usefulness of the CM ratio for the detection of kidney disease by ultrasonography.


Professor Langlois' article (1989c) is a significant step in the process of rigorously discussing the empirical relationship between full cost pricing (FCP) and profit maximization. By combining skillful refonnulation and novel evidence, it gives some support to the widely held view that the former mechanism is nothing but an instance of the latter hypothesis in disguise. My assessment of the author's method and findings will be constrained by the fact that I am not an industrial economist. I stumbled upon FCP some time ago in the course of working around Friedman's "irrealism of assumptions" thesis (Mongin, 1986) and am still approaching it as a nice case study in economic methodology and the history of ideas rather than for its own sake. Fortunately, Langlois' article brings much grist to the methodological mill. It connects with what struck me as the central feature of the early full cost debate: that it was not a debate in the respectable sense, since none of the empirical arguments made by each camp ever reached the level of actual testing. From the vantage point of positivist or related-say Popperian or Lakatosian-doctrines in the philosophy of science, the discussions of the 1940s and 1950s proved abortive. They belong to the context of collective heuristics, not at all of knowledge and scientific progress. This pessimistic diagnosis is good news to Langlois, who appears by contrast to have undertaken a highly welcome quantitative check of the neoclassical claim on FCP.


a a can organize its responses to using a market mechanism analogous to carbon as the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). We contrast this with the conventional approach administered as a compliance or operations activity, which has a structure much like a carbon tax. An Internal Carbon Trade mechanism recreates the functions of a market inside the boundaries of the firm. Divisions inside a company trade with each other to meet their abatement targets. Prices are determined by supply and demand, reflecting the marginal abatement cost at each point in time. Information is also priced, producing incentives to conduct audits when knowledge is thin. The price for abatement projects becomes transparent, energizing entrepreneurial teams to pursue projects that cross internal boundaries. These teams develop deep domain expertise which is applied company-wide. The market-based approach can efficiently fulfill regulatory requirements, while adding significant new benefits. First, the firm develops the capabilities to adapt their core business to increasingly restrictive carbon constraints. the approach optimizing the firm's mitigation efforts. a market-based approach be the for a transparent communications discussing the firm's efforts. In are the components of a carbon market which unique value to an Internal Trading system: the trading exchange and the entrepreneurial projects function. Trading Exchange: A central division governs the setting of targets. In a approach these are for each business units, in a market-based system this is a total for the agnostic


The present invention provides a glass cloth used as a warp yarn, Mao Yu prevented from occurring when the step of warping and the warping step traveling good glass fiber yarn with a sizing agent. It is for an average diameter of 200 to 800 glass filaments bundled strands of 5 ~ 11μm, and then twisting them, the glass cloth used as warp yarns of the bundled strands of glass fiber yarn sizing agent wherein the sizing agent comprises at least starch, vegetable oil, paraffin, emulsifying the starch is etherified starch MS value of 0.001 to 0.025, and the saturation degree of the vegetable oil is greater than or equal to 90%.


The spectral theory developed by Zabolotskaya [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 2569–2575 (1992)] for nonlinear Rayleigh waves in isotropic solids is generalized to include fields with nonperiodic waveforms and nonplanar spatial dependencies. Model equations for cylindrical waves and diffracting beams that have been used in previous work, and which were obtained in an ad hoc manner, are derived here rigorously from first principles. The present theory for plane waves, which is derived using Hamiltonian formalism, is shown to be equivalent to the theory obtained by Parker [Int. J. Eng. Sci. 26, 59–75 (1988)], whose derivation is based on a different approach.


The use of a sprocket driven carrier tape provides a unique solution for Ultra High Throughput Screening. 10-microliter wells in the 384 well pattern are embossed in a polypropylene or polycarbonate carrier tape. For compound handling, 100,000 compounds in 5 microliter aliquots may be stored, sealed and frozen in a roll 16 inches in diameter and 4 inches wide. The sprocket drive provides recall to any given compound. At time of use, the peelable seal is removed for access to the compound aliquots. Two levels of assay automation are provided. In Phase I the compound MicroTape is used to support assays in the standard 384 well plate format. In Phase II the compounds are transferred directly to the assay MicroTape for Ultra High Throughput Screening at the rate of 100,000 per day.


The metal deposits discussed previously in this series are applied primarily for protection of a corrodible substrate, though they may provide other useful properties, some of which have already been alluded to. Many metal deposits are applied by the plating industry primarity for specialized characteristics other than, or in addition to, their ability to prevent substrate corrosion.


Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is performed frequently in orthopaedic surgery. The short-term results of the reconstruction is good but has relatively poorer long-term results. Posterolateral corner injuries of the knee are rare injuries that result from high-energy trauma and failure to diagnose a posterolateral corner injury in patients with a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament. Posterolateral corner injuries negatively affect the success of the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. We aimed to present a case with an anterior cruciate ligament rerupture due to a neglected posterolateral corner injury and revision of the anterior cruciate ligament rerupture and posterolateral corner reconstruction in a single session.


This article has proposed some ecological factors and green methods that should be considered and followed in the construction plan stage, and has summarized several concrete ecology principle of design.


PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Despite human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching and monitoring for donor-specific HLA antibodies, antibody-mediated rejection and chronic rejection in the form of allograft vasculopathy and chronic graft dysfunction continue to occur. There has been increasing interest in non-HLA antibodies as mediators of these changes.

RECENT FINDINGS
In this review, we discuss the recent literature describing the importance of non-HLA antibodies in organ transplantation and summarize the literature evaluating such antibodies in heart transplantation.

SUMMARY
Monitoring of non-HLA antibodies requires additional measurement standardization and correlation of specific antibodies with outcomes. However, there is promise that identification with newer immunoproteomic techniques and therapy toward such antibodies may improve long-term graft outcomes and decrease acute rejection and allograft vasculopathy.


Traditional carbon materials such as graphite are currently extremely useful and have recently been applied to cutting-edge materials. However, it is a concern that as production will increase much more in the future, the impact on the environment during preparation will become a problem. Recently, we have succeeded in obtaining an extremely high orientation structure using a carbonization process in a strong magnetic field ["Magnetic orientation of hexagonal carbon layers at high temperature" Chem. Lett. 41, 1576 (2012)]. Because graphite has a two-dimensional structure in which graphene sheets are laminated, we expect that graphitization should be easily performed by using a precursor that originally has an oriented structure. When two types of precursors prepared in the absence and presence of a magnetic field of 6 T were graphitized under the same conditions, graphitization was promoted by 50 to 100 K for the precursor to which a strong magnetic field was applied. If we fabricate products with the same degree of graphitization, it is calculated that the graphitization energy can be suppressed by as much as 10% by using a magnetic field. Applying this technology to the preparation of graphite in industry is proposed to result in substantial energy savings.


11 patients undergoing L-dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease were evaluated using 3 psychomotor measures designed to assess functioning of the upper extremity. The patients were tested prior to L-dopa therapy, when they had reached optimum dosages of L-dopa, and finally, during a period when they had been placed on a placebo. Significant differences were found on two of the three measures between pretreatment and L-dopa periods, and between pretreatment and placebo periods. No significant differences were found between L-dopa and placebo periods, however.


This paper establishes that teamwork is a function of how team members perceive the team and their role in it. Social identity theory (Hogg & Abrams, 1993; Tajfel & Turner, 1986) and self-categorization theory (Turner, 1987) offer explanations for the cognitive, evaluative, and emotional processes which motivate individuals to join a social group and enhance their ability to contribute to the maximum of their ability, which would be desirable for many team tasks. Social identity theory posits that the motivation for thinking, feeling, and thus working as a cohesive unit is socially constructed. Highly productive teamwork requires that team members recognize the team as a unit and as an attractive work arrangement. Fundamental assumptions of contemporary management, and management research, are challenged to integrate social identity findings.


Department of Anatomy, Index Medical college, Hospital & Research centre, Indore MP ISSN: 0976-3031 RESEARCH ARTICLE ESTIMATION OF STATURE FROM HEAD LENGTH IN LIVING ADULTS IN MARATHWADA REGION OF MAHARASHTRA Anjali Prasada, .V B Bhagwatb,.Abhishek Kumarc ,.D S Joshid. a Department of Anatomy, Index Medical college, Hospital & Research centre, Indore MP b Department of Anatomy, SRTR GMC, Ambajogai MS c Department of Physiology, Index Medical college, Hospital & Research centre, Indore MP d Department of Anatomy, Dr. Shankarrao Chavan GMC, Nanded MS


We report a prenatal case of a chromosome 21‐derived minute supernumerary marker, found as a mosaic along with a trisomy 21 cell line at amniocentesis. Follow‐up analysis of other fetal tissues confirmed the mosaicism and also disclosed a normal cell line. It is likely that the marker reflects a mutation event that resulted in trisomy rescue early in embryonic development. Had the trisomy 21 cell line not been found at amniocentesis, a low risk of an abnormal phenotype (approximately 5%) would have been assigned. We suggest that the risk associated with minute non‐euchromatic marker chromosomes should be revised to account for the possibility of mosaicism with potentially aneuploid populations and/or uniparental disomy (UPD). The finding of any marker chromosome should prompt a thorough investigation for aneuploid cell lines. In the case of small markers with no euchromatin, the given risk of adverse phenotypic effects is not likely to be associated with the marker per se but with the possible presence of a cryptic aneuploid cell line from which the marker may have arisen. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In view of problem of poor emergency communication performance of existing underground communication equipment,based on analysis of requirements of distributed communication technology applied in underground and comparison of performance of current four distributed peer to peer network models,a scheme of underground distributed peer to peer communication technology combined SIP protocol and fully distributed peer to peer network technology was proposed.Signaling flow,call processing between caller and callee,distributed interaction mechanism and datagram design of the scheme were described.The test results show that the scheme is a good solution for underground terminal communication in out-of-service situation.


We read with interest the recent article by Gielen et al. and congratulate the authors on this timely study [1]. The study processed a number of patients divided into three groups according to the use of antiplatelet medication within 10 days prior to surgery: (i) acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) only, (ii) ASA + clopidogrel or (iii) no antiplatelet medication. To assess the optimal stop day, the authors analysed the amount of blood loss within 48 h after the operation by a series of multiple linear regression models, one for each preoperative day (from Day −10 up to −1). They concluded that there is no clinically relevant effect on blood loss, indicating an optimal day of withdrawal for ASA alone or in combination with clopidogrel. Nonetheless, the suspension of clopidigrel 2 days before surgery resulted in the reduction of percentage of patients receiving platelet transfusions, especially in the ASA + clopidogrel group. The authors are to be commended for taking the initiative to challenge the current guidelines by the evidence that discontinuation at a later day (−4 till −1) is not life threatening and does not significantly impact the postoperative blood loss and the amount of blood transfusions required. As recommended by European Society of Cardiology/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery guidelines on myocardial revascularization, preoperative clopidogrel should be suspended at least 5 days before surgery in elective patients referred for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery to reduce bleeding, usage of blood products and related complications [2]. However, guidelines have not taken into account the wide interindividual variability in recovery time after clopidogrel withdrawal, the wide range of individual responses to clopidogrel and the synergistic effect of ASA + clopidogrel in terms of the degree of platelet inhibition [3]. As a consequence, a different approach from current guidelines could be required to determine the optimal time for CABG surgery, especially in those patients with acute coronary syndrome who need urgent surgery and are exposed to antiplatelet therapy with ASA + clopidogrel or clopidogrel alone. In our recent case–control study carried out on patients undergoing CABG who were assuming clopidogrel, we evaluated the possibility of determining the time of preoperative clopidogrel discontinuation using an individualized point-of-care platelet function measurement [4]. Our results showed that monitoring platelet function provides an objective guideline to determine a flexible timing of surgery. This individualized strategy reduced the postoperative bleeding and the consumption of blood products. Finally, it should be emphasized that we identified a number of patients with normal platelet function despite being on an adequate dosage of clopidogrel (clopidogrel-resistant) and patients who had a fast recovery of platelet function after discontinuation of clopidogrel (within 2–3 days). In contrast, 20% of patients displayed persistent platelet inhibition and required from 6 to 8 days for complete recovery of platelet function after clopidogrel discontinuation. In conclusion, according to suggestions by the 2011 Blood Conservation Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, we believe that the point-of-care guided preoperative administration/discontinuation of antiplatelet agent could be indicated for an individual approach to patients with the aim to reduce both bleeding and adverse events compared with the current practice of unselected timing [5].


BACKGROUND
To explore the influences of nm23-H1 gene transfection and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Calphostin C on PKC signal transduction pathway in human high-metastasis large cell lung cancer cell line L9981, and to evaluate the effects of nm23-H1 gene on translocation and activation in subcellular region.

METHODS
The translocation of PKC in subcellular region was observed in L9981 before and after nm23-H1 gene transfection and Calphostin C treatment by Laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) method.

RESULTS
PKC-α and PKC-βII were found to locate in different subcellular site in L9981 before and after nm23-H1 gene transfection. PKC-α and PKC-βII mainly located in nucleus and perinucleus in L9981 and L9981-pLXSN cell lines, which were in active status. PKC-α and PKC-βII mainly located in soluble cytosolic fraction in L9981-nm23-H1 cell line and were inactive status. PKC-α and PKC-βII mainly located in cytosolic fraction and were in inactive status in all the three cell lines after treatment with Calphostin C.

CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that nm23-H1 gene might make PKC to translocate from nucleus and perinucleus to soluble cytosolic fraction in L9981 cell line. PKC inhibitor, Calphostin C, can also make PKC to translocate from nucleus and perinucleus to soluble cytosolic fraction in L9981, L9981-pLXSN cell lines. Both transfection of nm23-H1 gene and treatment with Calphostin C can suppress the PKC signal transduction in L9981 cell line.


With the development of tourism in China, tourism enterprises are experiencing fierce competition in the city tourism market. Exploring and opening up a new tourism market are important to us. As an agricultural country ,developing rural tourism market can promote the development of tourism .This paper, through investigating the actuality of tourism in rural areas and combining with the trend of our domestic tourism, offers some suggestions and strategies to develop the tourism market in the countryside.


Portable devices are increasingly running complex applications wireless multimedia while at the same time facing stringent implementation constraints. UWB devices are candidates for a wide range of applications. The potential UWB devices will be of short range, portable and capable of delivering high bit rate. Multi-Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) being a special case of multicarrier transmission is chosen by WiMedia and EMCA International for its high bit rate capability. To meet this high bit rate requirement while keeping the peak transmitted power under the permitted limit, several bit loading algorithms have been presented in technical literature for OFDM. These algorithms are evaluated and compared on the basis of their theoretical complexity and computation efficiency. However, this theoretical complexity analysis is unable to take into account final implementation issues such as energy consumption and required chip area. In this paper, energy consumption and circuit area estimation of two popular bit-loading algorithms are analyzed in a multiobjective approach and put into evidence the need to analyze new proposals in a more global approach.


A multi-scale numerical approach for modeling cracking in heterogeneous quasi- brittle materials under dynamic loading is presented. In the model, a discontinuous crack model is used at macro-scale to simulate fracture and a gradient enhanced damage model has been used at meso-scale to simulate diffuse damage. The traction-separation law for the co- hesive zone model at macro-scale is obtained from the meso-scale through the discontinuous computational homogenization method (1) which is developed based on the so-called failure zone averaging scheme (2) in which the averaging theorem is used over the active damage zone of the meso-scale. Unlike standard averaging, this method is objective with respect to the local-scale sample size in the softening regime. In order to evaluate the macroscopic traction at each integration point on the crack, at each time step of the macro model solution, a static boundary value problem is solved for the representative volume element (RVE) whose size is significantly smaller than the macro length-scale and the macroscopic wave-length. The ef- fect of the crack opening rate on the macro cohesive law is taken into account by relating the material properties of the meso-scale model to the macro crack opening rate. The objectivity of the model response with respect to the representative volume element size is demonstrated for wave propagation problems. The model is verified by comparison with a direct numerical simulation (DNS).


Mathematicians, scientists, engineers, and students can turn to this dictionary for definitive coverage of all branches of mathematics, both pure and applied. Featuring 3,600 terms, the book defines terms and expressions in algebra, number theory, operator theory, logic, complex numbers, finite mathematics, topology, and other areas-each with definition identified by the field in which it is primarily used. Included are numerous cross references and an appendix with tables of integrals and derivatives.


The capital market in which the asset-backed securities are issued and traded is composed of three main categories: ABS, MBS and CDOs. We were able to examine a total number of 3,951 loans (worth €730.25 billion) of which 1,129 (worth €208.94 billion) have been classified as ABS. MBS issues represent 2,224 issues (worth €459.32 billion) and 598 are CDO issues (worth €61.99 billion). We have investigated how common pricing factors compare for the main classes of securities.


A model is presented to explain the differential negative resistance observed in superconducting microbridges. This model postulates the formation in the bridge of a non-equilibrium state where the superconducting gap is lowered and the critical current decreases as the voltage increases thus giving rise to a differential negative resistance. The effective temperature model of Parker [6] is used to derive the current-voltage characteristic. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE LETTRES TOME 39, 15 JUIN 1978, 1 Classification Physics Abstracts 74.50


PURPOSE: An operation control circuit of a semiconductor memory device and a method thereof are provided to supply a signal which is not essential for verifying the operation of the device with an arbitrary supply voltage, and to generates the signal in the device as if the signal were supplied from outside by using a particular timing to increase the number of channels. CONSTITUTION: The operation control circuit of a semiconductor memory device includes an internal clock controller and an internal clock generator(86). The internal clock controller outputs an internal clock enable signal controlling the generation of the internal clock. The internal clock generator generates the internal clock with response to the internal clock enable signal and an external clock. The internal clock controller further includes a control signal generator(83) and an internal clock enable signal generator(84). The control signal generator receives a mode register set timing signal and an arbitrary combination of address signals not used for setting operation modes and generates the internal clock control signal for controlling the generation of the internal clock. The internal clock enable signal generator generates the internal clock enable signal to control the generation of the internal clock with response to the internal clock control signal or an external clock enable signal from outside selectively.


In Kenya, total fertility rate and contraceptive prevalence rate have shown marginal changes since the 1990s, raising questions about efficiency and effectiveness of provision of reproductive health services, which has received little attention in the country and elsewhere in Africa. We use data from Thika sub-county in central Kenya to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of family planning service provision alternatives. The results show that costs per couple year of protection vary widely across facilities within government and non-government providers, but are slightly higher amongst the former. The cost-effectiveness ratios were sensitive to exclusion of certain commodity costs. We conclude that family planning provision systems found in Thika are efficient but call for strengthening of lower level facilities, which are more cost effective and largely serve the poor.


Provided is a smart earplug which can be worn on both ears of a user. The smart earplug of the present invention comprises: a communication unit for communicating with at least one of an earplug or a server of at least one other user; a microphone for receiving external sound including an external voice and the external noise or voice of the user so as to be outputted as an audio signal; an audio filter for selectively outputting a preset frequency band from the audio signal output from the microphone; an amplification unit for amplifying the selectively outputted audio signal; an output unit for outputting the audio signal amplified by the amplification unit or for outputting the audio signal received from the communication unit; and a control unit for transmitting the audio signal received from the communication unit to the output unit or for transmitting a voice signal of the user to the communication unit.


Gas-phase rate constants for the reactions of germylene, GeH2, with dimethylether (CH3OCH3), methanol (CH3OH), deuterated methanol (CD3OD), and deuterated water (D2O), have been determined at ambient temperature (295 K) and total pressures over the range 10–200 Torr of the bath gas SF6. The second-order rate constants are pressure dependent up to the maximum pressures investigated. The behaviour of GeH2 with these reactants is very similar to the behaviour observed for silylene, SiH2. Over the same pressure range the GeH2 reaction rate constants are smaller than those observed for SiH2.


Previously published work has shown that a cytotoxic T-cell epitope (CTL) representing residues 82-90 of the M2 protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the target for a protective response against the virus. In this report, we demonstrate that a synthetic peptide representing residues 81-95, when covalently linked to a fusion peptide derived from the conserved N-terminal 19 residues of the F1 protein of measles virus efficiently primes RSV-specific CTLs in vivo following immunization without adjuvant.


The present invention provides a method for controlling the first station to transmit the information to a plurality of second stations, wherein the different parts of the information are transmitted to different second stations, and the method comprises the following procedure: the different parts of the information is transmitted at the common signal channel, wherein the different parts of the information which is prescribed to transmit to different second stations are transmitted with different power electric levels. The power electric level for transmitting the information is better to bechosen according to the content of one parameter and/or information of the anticipated second station. The information will transmitted in the signal channel with a higher power if the content of theinformation is more important. The information is better to be the form of data grouping.


With increasing clout in world affairs, China has begun to enhance its International Public Goods (IPG) provision in the footsteps of the Great Britain and the United States. Its IPG provision could be enhanced through existing IPGs, such as increasing its budget share in the United Nations, and producing IPGs out of its own initiation and design, such as the establishment of the Shanghai Corporation Organisation and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.


Computer device (10) comprises a display member (18) which is connected to the base member (20), to allow different positioning of the display member (18) relative to the base member (20). Computer device (10) also includes a valid / invalid system (12), enable / disable system (12) based on the position of the display member (18) relative to the base member (20), operation of the computer device (10) without changing the state, configured to disable wireless transmitter (14) automatically.


Automotive powertrain is a main excitation source of vehicle vibration and has a great impact on vehicle ride comfort. Rational design of a vehicle powertrain mounting system could significantly reduce vehicle vibration and noise, hence improve vehicle ride comfort. Based on vibration theory, the mechanical and mathematical models of the powertrain mounting system have been built in this paper. The rational natural frequency allocation of the powertrain mounting system and system energy decoupling are optimized in the design. A specific vehicle mounting system has been designed using the optimization programs developed in MATLAB. At the same time, to verify the optimization results, a powertrain mounting system dynamic model has been established and adopted for a modal simulation analysis in MSC.ADAMS/VIEW. The results show that the frequency distribution of the optimized system is even more significant than its prototype and the degree of decoupling has been greatly improved. Therefore, the developed optimization programs can serve as a valuable tool for powertrain mount design. Introduction For an internal combustion engine, there exist two basic dynamic disturbances: the firing pulse due to fuel explosion in the cylinder; the inertia force and torque caused by rotating and reciprocating parts (piston, connecting rod and crank). The major function of engine mounts is to isolate an unbalanced engine disturbance force from the vehicle structure. 1 1 Supported by Prospective Project of Production, Study and Research, Jiangsu Province, China (BY2009109) Proceedings of The 2011 IAJC-ASEE International Conference ISBN 978-1-60643-379-9 Elastomeric (or rubber) mounts have been used to isolate the vehicle structure from engine vibration since the 1930s. Since then, much significant advancement has been made to improve the performance of the elastomeric mounts. Elastomeric mounts can be designed for the necessary elastic stiffness rate characteristics in all directions for proper vibration isolation [1]. Johnson and Subhedar proposed a design method, which tunes all of the system natural frequencies to 6±16 Hz and decouples each mode of vibration through dynamic analysis and optimization. The relatively low vertical, pitch and yaw natural frequency ranges are based on consideration of isolating engine disturbance during a normal operation range [2]. Geck and Patton proposed a lower roll natural frequency for consideration of torque isolation and a relatively higher vertical natural frequency for consideration of avoiding shock excitation. This is because the requirements for shock prevention and vibration isolation are conflicting ones as discussed earlier [3]. Anon and Timpner made used of the center of percussion theory to achieve vibration decoupling. Powertrain and chassis were taken as rigid bodies and rubber was simplified to three directions perpendicular springs. Powertrain inertia spindle characteristics and impact of theories were used to choose the mount stiffness and location parameters [4,5]. Taking the location coordinates and the stiffness of mount as design variables, Arai and Kabozuka took the modal decoupling of powertrain systems around the crankshaft direction (RXX), the RX, RY, RZ three-phase modal, the rational allocation of the vertical vibration mode (RZ), and rolling mode (RZZ) as the optimization goal. After optimization, the vertical mount dynamic reaction force was declined in the idle state. It also demonstrated that the layout of the mount position has a greatest impact on the isolation performance of the mounting system [6]. Soloman discussed a technique to focus the mounts to uncouple the dynamic matrix as much as possible within design constraints, while also maintaining control of the powertrain rigid body natural frequencies [7]. Cho formulated a configuration and sizing design optimization problem for powertrain mounting systems. The objective function was to decouple and maximize the component modal kinetic energy of the powertrain subsystem. Natural frequencies and collinear roll vector condition were used as the constraints. Cartesian coordinates and spring rates of the mounts were selected as the design parameters. An automated design optimization procedure was developed using an optimization code based on the method of feasible direction (MFD) and MSC/NASTRAN [8]. Based on the discussion of three uncoupling schemes for the powertrain mounting system under three different coordinates, Lu and Fan analyzed uncoupling characteristics of the powertrain mounting system, and predicted the best elastically uncoupling performance of the system with V-formed mounting pairs at the front and rear ends of the powertrain [9]. This paper carries out the methods and tools for automotive vehicle powertrain mounting system optimum design and simulation analysis. It establishes the mechanical and mathematical models of the powertrain mounting system, and develops optimization programs in MATLAB. To verify the programs, it builds a powertrain mounting system dynamics model in MSC.ADAMS/VIEW and conducts a modal simulation analysis.


Various optimization steps by using classical one factor at a time approach were carried out to make the production of hydrolytic enzyme cost effective and commercially viable from a potent fungal strain Trichoderma sp. SH2 under solid state fermentation using pine needles biomass as a substrate. The parameters i.e. temperature, moisture: substrate ratio, incubation days and pH were studied. After optimization appreciable amount of enzymes and reducing sugars i.e. laccase (3.75 U/g), cellulase (27.45 U/g), xylanase (350.17 U/g) and reducing sugars (36.90 mg/) has been achieved by using untreated pine needle biomass.


1017 Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the radiation dosimetry of 177Lu- prostate specific membrane antigen (177Lu-DKFZ-PSMA-617) in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. Methods After obtaining ethical clearance from the institute ethics review board, we enrolled CRPC patients who were positive on Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys-(Ahx)-[68Ga(HBED-CC)] PET/CT scan. For kidney protection a cocktail of lysine and arginine diluted in 2 litres of normal saline was infused, starting from 30-60 minutes before 177Lu-DKFZ-PSMA-617 infusion. The mean administered activity in the overall population was 2.52 ± 1.3GBq. For dosimetry purpose, each patient underwent 9 planar whole body scans along with blood and urine sample collection upto 168 hours. SPECT/CT was done to derive the volume of parotid glands, submandibular glands and tumour. Dosimetric evaluation was done using the OLINDA/EXM 1.0 software. Results 26 CRPC patients with a mean age of 66.30 ± 9.95 years (range: 38-81) were recruited. Normal physiological uptake was seen in all the patients in lacrimal glands, parotid glands, submandibular glands, liver, spleen, kidneys, intestines and urinary bladder. Organs having highest absorbed doses were the salivary glands (parotid and submandibular) followed by the kidneys, receiving 1.24 ± 0.268 mGy/MBq and 0.99 ±0.31 mGy/MBq, respectively. The mean absorbed doses to the liver, urinary bladder and red marrow were 0.36 ± 0.108 mGy/MBq, 0.243 ± 0.09 mGy/MBq and 0.048 mGy/MBq, respectively. The mean total body dose was 0.016 mGy/MBq and the mean effective dose equivalent was 0.106 mGy/MBq. Interestingly, we observed that Delker et al (2015), and Kabasakal et al (2015) who did not infuse amino acid for renal protection had reported similar absorbed dose to kidneys, thus utility of amino acid infusion is question marked. Conclusions 177Lu-DKFZ-PSMA-617 therapy is a safe option in the treatment of CRPC patients. There is no additional benefit, from the renoprotective point of view, from amino acid infusion in 177Lu-DKFZ-PSMA-617 therapy.


Introduction: Genetically modified (GM) foods have been approved in the European Union. These foods have been questioned for their actual benefits and risks. This is especially relevant in the case of the nutritional dimension, where consumers are confronted with daily decisions about how to best feed their families. Within this complex framework, health professionals are called upon to intervene and respond to the questions on opinion, attitude and science their clients bring in. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and opinion of nutritionists on the subject of transgenic foods and their perception of training needs. Material and methods: Quantitative research. A questionnaire was applied between March and July 2016, and 248 individuals participated. The variables studied were opinion, knowledge, and training. Descriptive calculations and multiple correspondence analysis were performed to obtain the respondents' profiles. Results: With regard to opinion and knowledge results show that nutritionists are mostly unfavorable to genetically modified foods, even without knowing the technology in detail. They are aware of this illiteracy, which was confirmed by their answers to a number of objective questions about the national reality.  Multiple correspondence analysis showed four different nutritionists' profiles are sufficient to group all participants. These profile types differ in interest and confidence levels relatively to the GM technology. Portuguese nutritionists do not have a unanimous position on GM foods but mostly agree that specific training in this area should take place at the university level. Conclusions: This article highlights the different profiles of opinion, knowledge, and training needs of health professionals, nutritionists, in relation to genetically modified foods. Lifelong learning and interdisciplinary training supported by specific research, associations of health professionals and interference in public policies may strengthen attitudes towards the thematic.


there has been long-standing interest in the widely recognized role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in electrolyte homeostasis and regulation of hemodynamics in both diseased and nondiseased states ([5][1]). While the role of the RAS in the long-term regulation of renal function and arterial


With the continuous development of economy and business philosophy, the business processes of enterprises are constantly optimized, production costs are saved and new business development becomes an important basis for production and management considerations. This is why a large number of outsourcing enterprises have emerged. Compared with ordinary enterprises, outsourcing enterprises lack the core product technology support, and their business is greatly affected by the market environment, so it is particularly important to maintain good customer relationships in the operation of outsourcing enterprises. This article analyzes the development status of data outsourcing enterprises and provides optimization suggestions on how data outsourcing enterprises can better implement customer relationship management, which will help data outsourcing enterprises to further implement customer relationship management and improve their profitability and customer satisfaction.


This paper presents the development of the MOTORI 2004 computing tool that calculates the distance, speed and acceleration of a car engine valve train's oscillating mass m, which is reduced to the valve axis. Distance diagrams, speed and accelerations are provided in dependence on the camshaft twist angle at a constant rotational speed in several consecutive revolutions. The computing tool implements a mathematical description and numerical solution for the motion of mass m of a valve gear dynamic model. Valve lift h is given numerically using a series of equidistant points in the period of one camshaft revolution. The variabilities of camshaft rotation and spring thread vibration as a result of cam lift harmonic excitation. The computing solutions were tested at valve opening points and in imaginary extreme operating conditions - soft/hard spring, low/high damping, low/high rotational speed and increased clearance.


Much of the criticism directed at austerity programs implemented after the 2007/2008 financial crisis have focused on the Anglo-Saxon critique of Keynesian ideas. New versions of Say's law, nowadays rephrased as Natural Rate of Unemployment theories and argued in terms of General Equilibrium models and Rational Expectations hypotheses, have attracted the attention of Keynesian critics, such as Paul Krugman or Joe Stiglitz. Accordingly, UK's policies under David Cameron (or more generally since Thatcher) are also discussed as if they were paradigmatic of austerity theories. We argue that this view is not only one-sided but it is also much less relevant than it is usually judged. The paradigm for austerity policies should not rely on the British experience but on the Eurozone experience, and the latter is inspired mostly by German economists, rather than Anglo-Saxon general equilibrium theorists. Lucas and his associates seem to be largely irrelevant to any discussion of Eurozone austerity policies, which are rooted in modern developments of 'ordoliberal' theses, with strong influences from Austrian economists, notably Hayek and Schumpeter. In this paper, we argue that criticisms of Cameron's policies, based on North American neoclassical ideas miss completely the point of German proposals (supported by similarly-thinking government officials in Austria, the Netherlands, etc). We identify the fundamental tenets of "German neoclassical economics" and outline Keynesian criticism of it.


Experimental teaching plays an important role in innovative training.Taking electronic technology experimental teaching as an example,this article studied and analyzed how to cultivate students' creative ability during the experimental teaching of electronic technique subject.At the same time it put forward the considerations and suggestions on cultivating innovative consciousness and innovative personality from multi-angles.


It has been widely demonstrated in literature that coastal marshes provide positive ecosystem services related to coastal protection, including wave attenuation, storm surge reduction, and erosion prevention (Moller et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2021; Paul and Kerpen, 2021). Physical modelling presents a useful tool for investigating the coastal protection function provided by marsh vegetation in a controlled, repeatable environment, to inform design of nature-based coastal protection strategies, or "nature-based solutions" (NBS). To date, physical modelling studies have been used to investigate the influence of plant biophysical parameters (stem width, stem height, stem flexibility) and hydrodynamic conditions on wave attenuation (e.g., Augustin et al., 2009; Anderson and Smith, 2014; Moller et al., 2014; Ozeren et al., 2014; van Veelen et al., 2020). Such studies have predominantly used surrogate vegetation due to the logistical challenges and facility requirements associated with live plant experiments. Furthermore, most studies have been performed at or near full-scale to reduce uncertainties and scale effects associated with downscaling vegetation, particularly where Reynolds number similarity cannot be preserved (Blackmar et al., 2014). To address existing knowledge gaps related to physical modelling of marsh vegetation at small-scale, experiments were conducted in a 63 m long by 1.22 m wide wave flume at the National Research Council of Canada's Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering Research Centre, Ottawa, in collaboration with the University of Ottawa and the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Quebec City.


Presently work of degree thesis is not carried out an analysis of the physical operation parameters and technicians of the net of distribution of water of the Area of Energy, the Industries and Natural Resources Renewable of the U.N.L, with the purpose of outlining a proposal to improve the current system. The work is part of a series of articles that you/they analyze the physical essence and technique of the approaches of likeness for the evaluation of systems of nets so much in series as in parallel as well as the aspects that can generate a lack of water, causing an uneasiness to the population.

Experts of the relationship that exists among the technological and computer development with the education at superior level and in a special way with the electromechanical engineer's profile, the proposal is made of modifying the curriculum of the career by means of the implementation of topics related with the analysis of hydraulic phenomenons by means of the software use that jointly with the teaching theoretical-practice it allows the student to acquire abilities and dexterities in the process of its professional formation.


Stress is the number one cause of workplace absence and is accompanied by a rise in mental health problems. Juliette Yardley encourages staff to work out how stress affects them, paying close attention to both the physical and psychological symptoms


Using the data of sunshine duration,temperature,wind speed,and precipitation from 194 basic/refe-rence stations over China from 1951 to 2009,according to the climatic division,the whole domain of China is classified into 11 climatic regions.The authors studied the changes in annual and seasonal trends of the sunshine duration by using linear trend analysis and Morlet wavelet analysis,and analyzed the characteristics between the sunshine duration and the temperature,the wind speed,and the precipitation.It was found that the annual sunshine duration showed a significant decreasing tendency during the recent 59 years with a decreasing rate of 36.9 h·(10 a)-1.The trend variations of the annual sunshine duration in 11 climatic regions were similar with that in the whole nation,only had the difference in degree.The sunshine duration of China changed from intensive to weak in 1981.There is an obvious 7-10-year periodic oscillation for the annual sunshine duration of China before the mid 1990s.The sunshine duration of the four seasons had a bigger decreasing amplitude in the coastal areas than in the inland areas,and in the South than in the North.There was a negative correlation between the annual sunshine duration and the temperature(correlation coefficient is-0.52),but a positive correlation between the annual sunshine duration and the wind speed(correlation coefficient is 0.76),and a negative correlation between the annual sunshine duration and the precipitation(correlation coefficient is-0.27).The first two correlation coefficients and the last correlation coefficient passed 99.9% and 95% confidence levels,respectively.


Abstract A key challenge for feedback practice involves promoting student uptake through the closing of feedback loops. This paper investigates feedback loops by using the concepts of single and double-loop learning to interrogate student responses to feedback. Single-loop learning tackles an identified problem or task, whereas double-loop learning additionally re-evaluates how the problem or task is approached. Evidence from a five-year longitudinal enquiry into four undergraduate students' experiences of feedback is used to analyse feedback loops. Students reported a variety of experiences: failing to engage significantly with end-of-semester comments; short-term uptake within modules which had two assignments; and longer-term efforts at improving their learning strategies. A model of long-term student engagement with feedback is proposed, including single-loop feedback processes, double-loop feedback processes and unresolved learning puzzles. Whereas feedback loops are mainly focused on the shorter-term, it is suggested that feedback spirals represent an alternative way of analysing complex, iterative longer-term learning processes. Implications for practice focus on student self-regulation and the development of student feedback literacy.


The practical adaptation to circumstance is often seen very clearly in China. The country has large resources of natural lightweight aggregates and the capacity for simple manufacture of processed types. The result has been a dramatic extension of the use of lightweight aggregate concrete, not only in housing but in offices, factories and bridges. The properties of the materials used and the development trends are described here by a member of the Chinese Academy of Building Research.


The COVID-19 pandemic, which hit all business sectors, drives organisations and business units to conduct various sustainable strategies to survive. Entering post-pandemic, financial and non-financial sectors keep adapting to technology, including Islamic Microfinance. Strategic role of Islamic Microfinance encourages the government to issue various policies to help Islamic Microfinance remain sustainable. One of the recommendations to maintain sustainability is empowering Islamic Microfinance infrastructure based on digitalised Accounting Information Systems or Computerized Accounting Information Systems (CAIS). CAIS's effectiveness in some research findings makes Islamic Microfinance independent and financially sustainable, encouraging reducing transaction costs and driving service quality toward target customers. Therefore, CAIS effectiveness in the digital and globalisation era requires information technology based on company characteristics to lead, govern, and judge CAIS operation, which consists of digital-based information quality, system quality, and service quality to achieve Islamic Microfinance sustainability.


Transition-age students with disabilities under the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system face serious transition and rehabilitation challenges as they reenter the community from youth detention. This article presents the initial outcomes of a demonstration project utilizing the Rehabilitation, Empowerment, Natural supports, Education and Work (RENEW) transition model, a service design that has been successful for nonadjudicated youth with emotional disabilities. Of 33 project participants, ages 14 to 17 at project entry, 67.7% successfully reengaged with education or employment following their release from detention. The results of a qualitative investigation are reported based on interviews with key stakeholders about the factors differentiating successful and unsuccessful outcomes. Implications for refinement of the intervention model with this population are discussed.


This report contains the summary of work accomplished during summer of 2000 by Mr. Chad Hammons, undergraduate senior student, Mississippi State University/ERC in support of NASA/MSFC mission pertinent to Altitude compensating nozzle concepts evaluations. In particular, the development of automatic grid generator applicable in conducting sensitivity analysis involving Aerospike engine is described.


Since the advent over 30 years ago of recombinant DNA technologies giving rise to genetically engineered organisms (often called GMOs), gene escape from such transgenic organisms has been a consistent and legitimate concern. Initially, the fear of GM microbes escaping and wreaking ecological havoc on the biosphere generated both well funded scientific analyses of the actual threat, and fueled science fiction tracts of rampant monster microbes consuming every living thing on Earth. In recent years the focus—at least in the scientific community—has shifted to GM plants, particularly the incidence of escape of genes from GM crops. The lion's share of the funding and research effort has gone to study gene escape via pollen dispersal. Each species has different pollen flow characteristics, from the vectors, to the distance, to the list of prospective recipient species and varieties. Some crops, like maize/corn and Brassica napus, produce large amounts of viable pollen and outcross notoriously; such species spawn plenty of research attention from both scientists and granting agencies. As a result, this journal and other literature is now teeming with data, models and evidence documenting the likelihood, mechanisms and incidence of pollenmediated gene flow from transgenic plants. Most crop plants produce pollen, and pollen can be carried by wind, insects, animals or other vectors to distant locales where they may successfully pollinate a waiting recipient. The recipient could be another plant of the same species, but a different (GM or non-GM) cultivar, or it could be a compatible relative, with or without weedy characteristics. Depending on the nature of the gene and the recipient, the resulting hybrid may or may not cause concern. In the most benign situation, for example, a pollen grain from a GM or non-GM plant might blow or be carried across the road to pollinate another plant of the same cultivar growing in a neighbor's field. Although this is clearly an example of gene escape and outcrossing, few scientists would get excited (let alone funded) to investigate and measure the incidence or implications of such events. Indeed, how would one even detect this eventuality, given the background of genetically identical proximal sources of pollen? How would one distinguish the pollination from an adjacent plant as opposed to the pollen grain of a genetically identical plant from across the road? At the other end of the spectrum, we can envisage a situation in which gene escape is important, for example in plants engineered to produce pharmaceutical or potentially toxic industrial compounds. Similarly, genes conferring ecological fitness traits such as drought or salt tolerance would be problematic if the genes were to escape cultivation and wind up in plants out-competing other plants in unmanaged ecosystems. The main ecological hazard here is genetic proliferation and spread beyond intended borders. Increased ecological fitness is a real hazard and warrants considerable research. But not all GM genes confer fitness traits, and many fitness (or 'weedy') characteristics appear in non-GM plants. The point of these investigations is to inform the scientific community, regulators and society at large of the relative hazards posed by GM crops. But the pollen flow studies, although necessary, are insufficient because (1) measures of pollen flow don't identify actual hazards (if any) posed as a consequence of the inevitable gene escape and (2) without some comparative data we don't whether pollen-based gene flow is a greater or lesser means of gene escape than other common routes (such as seed spillage or volunteerism). Unless and until we compare pollen-based gene flow with other means of gene escape, we cannot properly inform policymakers, and thus we are incomplete in our scientific assessments.


Sequential Approximate Optimization (SAO) has been widely used in engineering optimization design problems to improve efficiency. The infilling strategy is one of the critical techniques of the SAO, which is of paramount importance to the surrogate model accuracy and optimization efficiency. In this paper, an adaptive parallel infill strategy for surrogate-based single-objective optimization is proposed within a multi-objective optimization framework to balance exploration and exploitation during the optimization process. Within this method, an inaccurate Pareto Front is adopted to assist the infilling of the sampling points. The proposed SAO method with its adaptive parallel sampling strategy is tested on several numerical test cases and an engineering test case with the optimization results compared to state-of-the-art optimization algorithms. The results show that the proposed SAO with the adaptive parallel sampling strategy possesses excellent performance and better stability.


The gut microbiota represents one of most densely populated ecosystems on earth. The trillions of bacteria that populate the gastrointestinal tract carry out essential tasks for the host, such as harvesting energy from food, synthesizing micronutrients, and participating in the development of the immune system. Gut bacteria are also implicated in disease, with certain bacteria linked to inflammatory diseases, obesity and depression. Given the significance of the gut microbiota, understanding the factors that shape this complex ecosystem is of great scientific importance. One of the underappreciated forces that shapes the gut microbiota is antagonism: the process by which species kill or otherwise interfere with other species. Previous work in the Comstock group showed that the gut symbiotic bacterium Bacteroides fragilis 638R produces two diffusible toxins that each kill a subset of other strains of B. fragilis. I have shown that B. fragilis 638R produces a third toxin, BSAP-4, that kills a different subset of strains of B. fragilis. I characterized the activity of this toxin by demonstrating its activity spectrum and quantifying its killing behavior. I identified the toxin's receptors in target strains and bioinformatically analyzed the distribution of the toxin and its receptors in natural microbiotas. Finally, I used gnotobiotic mouse models of gut colonization to observe the fitness benefits conferred by the toxin and receptor genes.


Prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979) predictions were examined in light of ethnocentrism and intergroup conflict. An experiment conducted at the outset of the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the U.S., U. K. and their allies explored American and British participants' preferences for certain versus uncertain gains and losses concerning Iraqi, American, and British lives. In four conditions, participants showed the usual loss aversion when deciding between options that only affected Iraqi lives. Six other conditions examined choices between the lives of Americans, Britons, or Iraqis. Strong ethnocentric biases rather than risk-aversion occurred. Participants preferred policies that prioritized their own nationals' and allies' lives over Iraqi lives. War-related and other attitudes corresponded to participants' decisions. The need to expand prospect theory to address intergroup relations is discussed. Author Note: Please address correspondence to Dr. Felicia Pratto, Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA, email@example.com, (860)-486-4772. Weighing the Prospects of War Policy decisions often require anticipating potential gains and losses for different groups of people. Prospect theory (e.g., Kahneman & Tversky, 1979) describes how people weigh potential gains and losses, which are called "prospects," starting from one's reference point or the status quo. According to prospect theory, gains are more appealing than losses, but a potential loss is even more aversive than a potential gain of the same magnitude is appealing. For example, losing € 5 feels more painful than finding € 5 feels enjoyable. One consequence of this asymmetry between preferences for potential losses and gains is that when people assume their outcomes will be losses, they are more willing to take risks, whereas when they assume their outcomes will be gains, they prefer certainty. In a classic demonstration of this risk-preference reversal, Tversky and Kahneman (1981) asked American participants to choose between two health policies designed to treat an outbreak of an unusual Asian disease that was expected to strike the U.S. and kill 600 people. The expected consequences of one policy were described as certain and fixed, whereas the expected consequences of the other policy were described in probabilistic terms as uncertain. Betweenparticipants, the choices were either framed as losses, by describing how many people would die as a result of the policy, or framed as gains, by describing how many people's lives would be saved. For example, in the gain frame condition, the certain choice was described as saving exactly 200 lives, and the uncertain choice was described as having a 2/3 chance of saving 600 lives and a 1/3 chance of saving no lives. All four choices (two within the loss and gain conditions) had the same expected value (of 400 deaths and 200 lives saved). However, in the loss condition, 78% chose the uncertain loss over the certain loss, whereas in the gain condition, 72% chose the certain gain over the uncertain gain. Such preferences for uncertain losses and certain gains have been shown when people consider real and fictive monetary consequences for Prospect Theory and Ethnocentrism 2 themselves (e.g., Fennema & Wakker, 1997), access to medical care for others (Levin & Chapman, 1990, 1993), other people's lives (Fagley & Miller, 1997), and public policies and political candidates (e.g., Quattrone & Tversky, 1988). The robustness of risk-preference reversals has led political scientists to recognize the utility of applying prospect theory to international relations (e.g., Berejikian, 2002; Farnham, 1992; Jervis, 1992; McDermott, 1998). For example, McDermott and Kugler (2001) used prospect theory to analyze U.S. President G.H.W. Bush's 1991 Gulf War decisions. They reasoned that Bush's desire to restore a loss (i.e., the Iraqi take-over of Kuwait) motivated him to pursue military action against Iraq. But, they reasoned, the prospect of further risks (e.g., loss of more American lives, domestic opposition) was not sufficiently motivating to pursue an additional gain (i.e., control of Iraq), and this led Bush to curtail military action short of toppling the Iraqi government. Hence, prospect theory seems to hold promise for understanding intergroup relations, potentially explaining when war will be pursued or curtailed (for more detailed commentaries see Boettcher, 1995; Farnham, 1994; McDermott, 2004a, 2004b). However, such post hoc case studies do not rule out other explanations for policy-maker's decisions (Boettcher, 1995; McDermott & Kugler, 2001). Another serious limitation of extant research on prospect theory is that neither experiments nor case studies sufficiently consider whose prospects matter to those making decisions and why. The terms "loss" and "gain" might be understood to be general (i.e., occurring to anyone). But nearly all experiments have examined prospects only for the participant or for a single group on whose behalf the participant acts (e.g., citizens of the participant's nation). Notable exceptions to this trend were provided by Levin and Chapman (1990, 1993). These researchers found that Americans were less likely to show preference-reversals when considering prospects concerning Iranians rather than Americans and when considering prospects involving people who contracted AIDS due to their own behavior rather than those who contracted AIDS due to medical practice. Lewin and Chapman's (1990, 1993) results show that prospect theory does not fully describe preferences for prospects that affect denigrated outgroups, and suggest that the psychology of group prejudice may provide refinements to, or limiting conditions for, prospect theory. Prospect theory has not incorporated considerations of psychological others because it assumes that reference points are self-referential. But people in other social categories such as "foreigners" may be treated sometimes as out-group members and sometimes as in-group members, as when they are re-categorized psychologically (e.g., Gaertner, Dovidio, & Bachman, 1996; Gaertner, Mann, Murrell, & Dovidio, 1989). For example, Esses, Dovidio, Jackson, and Armstrong (2001) improved Canadian citizen's attitudes towards immigration by reminding them that immigrants shared either common ethnic roots or a common present nationality with the participants. To provide a stronger test of the hypothesis that psychological inclusion of others influences how lives are valued, the present experiment not only compared the prospects of denigrated outgroups with those of co-nationals, but also compared the prospects of allies with both denigrated outgroups and with co-nationals. If allies are valued more than denigrated outgroups but comparably with co-nationals, this would provide direct support for the notion that psychological inclusion of others influences the evaluation of a given group's prospects. One prediction from the group prejudice literature, then, is that individuals' prospects will be more highly valued to the extent that those individuals are psychologically included in the Prospect Theory and Ethnocentrism 3 participants' own group. This is often termed ethnocentrism. The group prejudice literature also implies that the way that decision choices are presented may invoke group prejudice. In particular, considerable research has identified two conditions that lead to negative treatment of outgroups: 1) intergroup competition over valued resources (e.g., Sherif & Sherif, 1953; Campbell, 1972) and 2) intergroup threat, that is, the presumption that the outgroup poses a risk of loss for the ingroup (e.g., Greenberg et al., 1990; Jackson & Esses, 2000; Sears, 1988). Although intergroup competition and perceived intergroup threat often co-occur, they are psychologically distinct, because competition does not always imply the threat of a loss, and losses can occur for reasons other than competition. Consider two nations who compete over land that neither controls. Such nations are in a situation of competition with potential gain for both, but neither is threatened. Alternatively, both nations may be threatened with losses from global warming or other environmental hazards that may reduce nations' territories for reasons that are unrelated to competition. We address the empirical question of whether just one of these factors, competition or threat, or both together, are necessary to produce ethnocentric choices. These two conditions, competition and threat, may pertain to the framing effects examined by prospect theory as follows: First, if the prospect of a loss constitutes a psychological threat, and threat induces ingroup favoritism, then decisions in loss-frame conditions should be more groupprejudiced than decisions in gain-frame conditions. For example, when deciding between certain and uncertain gains for an enemy, participants may follow prospect theory and chose certain gains, but when deciding between certain and uncertain losses for an enemy, participants may prefer certain losses, in contradiction to prospect theory's prediction that people prefer uncertainty in loss domains. Intergroup competition may also lead people to make more groupprejudiced decisions than they would in the absence of competition, such as when groups' prospects are independent of one another. Group-prejudiced decisions should occur to the degree that outgroups' prospects are in conflict with the prospects of ingroups. If competition (rather than threat) induces group prejudice, then participants may also make different decisions than prospect theory predicts. In particular they may be reluctant to choose an uncertain loss for the ingroup over a certain loss for the outgroup. Likewise they may be reluctant to choose a certain gain for the outgroup over an uncertain gain for the ingroup. We tested these predictions using a replication and extension of Tversky


Mobile Computing is growing at an extraordinary rate with no signs of decline in the near future (Pettey & Goasduff, 2011). This growth is tempting software developers away from traditional application development to the newer world of mobile application developing (Hakoama & Hakoyama, 2011). For instance, there has been a huge rise in the popularity of smartphones and tablets in recent years, providing health information for users to live a much healthier lives. Mobile applications exist to assist users in eating healthier foods and exercising more regularly. This should it is hoped reduce the overall number of patients admitted to hospital each year with common ailments such as heart disease, obesity and diabetes. Health organisations are beginning to realise how important and beneficial it is to be interacting with patients through mobile applications1. Due to the nature of networked mobile devices, information to and from the physician is spread rapidly. Mobile Ambient Intelligent Applications could monitor pain thresholds in out-patients so as to radically identify suffering patients (Curran, 2011). Developers have an obligation to understand what it is that users want their mobile device to do and do it well. In many ways, that is the ambition of ambient intelligence providing that superior mode of achieving ideal actions on behalf of the user. One of the new aspects of modern life is the integration of social networks into everyday life. Part of the rise of social networks is the ubiquity of the mobile. Information is now everywhere at anytime. This has led to acceleration of knowledge. As the speed of mobile devices and the constant development of new technologies become available, more devices are being released with different sets of features to provide for a range of user needs. This has created a fragmented development community, as the wide range of platforms and devices available mean that development cannot be too focused on a single set-up if it is to reach a wide audience or make money. This too applies to the future of ambient intelligence. What follows next is a brief foray into the merger of mobile and ambient intelligence.


Two recent studies have found that a patented strain of Streptococcus salivarius, called Blis M18 from Blis Technologies Limited, inhibited the growth of bacteria that causes black teeth staining.


Orientation: Meaningful work and personal engagement are important dimensions of flourishing of employees, especially when individuals work in challenging jobs. Research purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between demands–abilities fit, work beliefs, meaningful work and engagement in individuals in nature-based jobs. Motivation for the study: Individuals working in nature often work under challenging circumstances without the necessary resources. A research gap exists regarding the effects of demands–abilities fit and work beliefs on meaningful work. It is also not clear how these antecedents and meaningful work will impact the engagement of individuals working in nature. Research approach, design and method: A cross-sectional survey was used with a convenience sample of 161 nature-based employees. Data were collected using a structured online questionnaire consisting of items from the demands–abilities fit scale, work–life questionnaire, work and meaning Inventory, work engagement scale and a biographical questionnaire. Main findings: Work beliefs (calling, career and job) and demands–abilities fit predicted a large percentage of the variance in meaning making. Work beliefs (calling and job) and demands–abilities fit also predicted a large percentage of the variance in greater good motivations. Demands–abilities fit and a calling work orientation indirectly affected work engagement via meaningful work. The scales which measured calling and job orientations showed insufficient discriminant validity in relation to the scales which measured positive meaning and work engagement. Practical and managerial implications: Managers should consider implementing interventions to affect the demands–abilities fit (through human resource management interventions) and work beliefs of individuals working in nature (through job crafting). Promoting perceptions of meaningful work might contribute to higher personal engagement. Contribution or value-add: This study contributes to scientific knowledge regarding the effects of meaningful work and its antecedents on personal engagement.


Weaving is a common locomotor stereotypy in horses, which has been shown to be reduced by the presence of a mirror in the stable; however, it remains unclear whether this effect is due to the reflected image of a horse or some other property associated with the introduction of a mirror. To investigate this further, the response of six known weaving horses to each of three different types of poster was recorded. The poster images consisted of a life-size image of a horse's face (true image), a version of the same image cut into 54 squares, which were then randomly rearranged (pixilated image) and a blank (white image) display of the same size as the other posters. Four observation periods were included in each of the two days of observation per treatment condition: 08:00–08:30 h, 10:00–10:30 h, 12:00–12:30 h and 16:00–17:00 h. The first observation period was followed by the provision of concentrate feed and forage, the second observation period by exercise, the third by further forage and the fourth by concentrate feed and forage. The horses' activities and positions in the box were scanned at 1 min intervals and the number of observations registering each activity and position was calculated as a percentage of the total number of observations for each observation period. Weaving was significantly less when the horses were provided with the image of a horse's face (mean percentage of observations S.E.M.; 5.56 1.57), compared to both the pixilated (14.85 3.06) and white (20.52 4.12) images. Nodding was significantly less when provided with the true image of a horse (0.45 0.15) compared to the pixilated image (2.15 0.67). The www.elsevier.com/locate/applanim Applied Animal Behaviour Science 91 (2005) 155–165 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 1522 895356. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (D.S. Mills). 0168-1591/$ – see front matter # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2004.08.027 pattern of weaving throughout the day differed from that of nodding, and together these results suggest that the two behaviours are not analogous. The presence of the image of the horse's face was associated with a significant increase in alertness (F112,2 = 11.31, p < 0.001) and recorded time spent looking at the poster(F112,2 = 3.46, p < 0.05). The timing of stereotypic head movements in the horse in this study suggests that they are not associated with boredom, or lack of stimulation but rather acute frustration. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Abstract. The AIRUSE-LIFE+ project aims at characterizing similarities and heterogeneities in particulate matter (PM) sources and contributions in urban areas from southern Europe. Once the main PMx sources are identified, AIRUSE aims at developing and testing the efficiency of specific and non-specific measures to improve urban air quality. This article reports the results of the source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 conducted at three urban background sites (Barcelona, Florence and Milan, BCN-UB, FI-UB and MLN-UB), one suburban background site (Athens, ATH-SUB) and one traffic site (Porto, POR-TR). After collecting 1047 PM10 and 1116 PM2.5 24 h samples during 12 months (from January 2013 on) simultaneously at the five cities, these were analysed for the contents of OC, EC, anions, cations, major and trace elements and levoglucosan. The USEPA PMF5 receptor model was applied to these data sets in a harmonized way for each city. The sum of vehicle exhaust (VEX) and non-exhaust (NEX) contributes between 3.9 and 10.8 µg m−3 (16–32 %) to PM10 and 2.3 and 9.4 µg m−3 (15–36 %) to PM2.5, although a fraction of secondary nitrate is also traffic-related but could not be estimated. Important contributions arise from secondary particles (nitrate, sulfate and organics) in PM2.5 (37–82 %) but also in PM10 (40–71 %), mostly at background sites, revealing the importance of abating gaseous precursors in designing air quality plans. Biomass burning (BB) contributions vary widely, from 14–24 % of PM10 in POR-TR, MLN-UB and FI-UB, 7 % in ATH-SUB, to – Local dust, 7–12 % of PM10 at SUB and UB sites and 19 % at the TR site, revealing a contribution from road dust resuspension. In PM2.5 percentages decrease to 2–7 % at SUB-UB sites and 15 % at the TR site. – Industry, mainly metallurgy, contributing 4–11 % of PM10 (5–12 % in PM2.5), but only at BCN-UB, POR-TR and MLN-UB. No clear impact of industrial emissions was found in FI-UB and ATH-SUB. – Natural contributions from sea salt (13 % of PM10 in POR-TR, but only 2–7 % in the other cities) and Saharan dust (14 % in ATH-SUB, but less than 4 % in the other cities). During high pollution days, the largest sources (i.e. excluding secondary aerosol factors) of PM10 and PM2.5 are VEX + NEX in BCN-UB (27–22 %) and POR-TR (31–33 %), BB in FI-UB (30–33 %) and MLN-UB (35–26 %) and Saharan dust in ATH-SUB (52–45 %). During those days, there are also quite important industrial contributions in BCN-UB (17–18 %) and local dust in POR-TR (28–20 %).


The use of electronic based platforms to support the government and central and local public administrations activities, allows the creation and development of new ways of interacting with the people and reinventing the relationship between state and citizens. Among such developments, we must stress the direct and electronically mediated interaction between citizens and the different public institutions, permits a new public commitment called e-participation. This paper aims at pondering upon this new model of civic involvement and its contribution to improve the processes and the democratic structures, highlighting its potential to improve the quality of democracy itself.


Objective:To determine mutacin activity and to detect mutacin structural genes in MS isolates.Methods:First,the mutacin activities of 100 MS isolates from 20 individuals were tested against 10 indicator strains by the stab method,then mutA gene coding for mutacins-known was detected by PCR.Results:The mutacins were produced by all of the strains against 6 to 8 indicator strains.Results showed significant variations in the mutacin production profiles and the inhibitory spectra among individuals.Homology to the mutA gene coding for mutacin I was detected in 26 clinical isolate strains,PCR screening primers mutAII,mutAIII did not yield amplicons in any of the strains tested.Conclusion:The low frequency of detection of mutA suggests that there is a high diversity in the genetic determinants needed for production of mutacin-like substances.


The subject of this study was to explore children's ability to offer verbal feedback during usability evaluation studies. The aim is to find out whether the use of the method Peer Tutoring or Thinking Aloud can identify more usability findings in usability tests with second graders than observation. 13 Second graders tested an interactive game using two evaluation techniques. The findings indicate that the majority of verbal remarks were identified with the method of Thinking Aloud and that participants also provided more higher quality remarks. More usability findings could be identified than in a purely observational situation. Unexpectedly, the Peer Tutoring method was less beneficial for the identification of usability problems since the participants struggled to cooperate successfully.


Article history: Received: January 14, 2019 Received in revised format: February 25, 2019 Accepted: March 1, 2019 Available online: March 1, 2019 This study aims at investigating the factors that influence Bank Mandiri employees' turnover intention including work environment, stress, and job satisfaction. This research is expected to be able to find a solution to the problem of increasing turnover intention which could lead to serious problems. The study uses a quantitative method with the Path Analysis model and the resulted model analyzes both direct effect and indirect effects of independent variables on dependent variable. The sample size includes 100 employees of Mandiri Bank who were selected from a population of 430 employees based on purposive random sampling technique. The findings of this research indicate that, work environment had a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Second, stress had a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction. Third, work environment had a negative and significant effect on turnover intention. Fourth, stress had a positive and significant effect on turnover intention. Fifth, job satisfaction had a negative and significant effect on turnover intention. Based on these results, work environment, stress, and job satisfaction can be policy tools to reduce turnover intention, which can lead to a decrease in real turnover at Mandiri Bank. © 2019 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada


This Paper produces the notion of ″Interactive Experience Studying″ on the basis of experience studying and teaching, and reconstructs the community work course according to this notion,achieving good teaching effect.


The implementation of travel package agreements that is done by travel agents CV. Antaran Tour with service users in oral or written form is adjucted to the wishes of service users. Travel package agreements that have fulfilled the terms of validity of the agreement will incur the responsibilities of the parties since the agreement was established. Freedom of service users in choosing all desired facilities and freedom to determine the contents of the agreement both in writing and orally is an application of the principle of freedom of contract in the tour package agreement. The research method used by the author in this study is normative juridical with descriptive research type in wich the writer will explain and describe the legal responsibilities towards the implementation of the agreement on the travel agency CV. Antaran Tour. Research results that can be concluded by the author is that an agreement that has been established by the parties in the tour package agreement raises responsibility. The legal responsibility covers the rights and obligations of each party and this settlement if one party makes a mistake either because of default or is against the law.


We present an analytical solution of a mixed boundary value problem for an unbounded 2D doubly periodic domain which is a model of a composite material with mixed imperfect interface conditions. We find the effective conductivity of the composite material with mixed imperfect interface conditions, and also give numerical analysis of several of their properties such as temperature and flux.


Estrogen receptors (ERs) are present in 70% of breast cancers and play a critical role in the biology of breast carcinoma. Estrogens, bind to ERs and mediate a cascade of cellular signaling events, which can lead to breast cancer tumor growth or shrinkage. ERs undergo major conformational changes upon ligand binding, and here we employ a molecular dynamics (MD) based virtual screening approach to incorporate receptor flexibility. An ensemble of six energetically favorable ER a agonist structures at various time steps during a nine nanosecond MD simulation was collected. The comparison of the different ER a,ß agonist/antagonist conformations showed both consensus as well as diversity in regards to ligand receptor selectivity. We identified several new compounds that bind to the flexible LBP‐hERa but not to the rigid crystal structure clearly highlighting the importance of concerning receptor flexibility in Structure‐based Drug Discovery.