Research suggests that infants fed human milk from a bottle versus the breast may have higher weight gains in the first 6 to 12 months of life. The purpose of this study was to determine if infants fed human milk directly from the breast differed in growth and adiposity measurements compared to those fed human milk from the bottle. Infant's weight, length, and tricep and subscapular skinfold thickness were measured at 2 and 4 months. Mothers reported birth weight and length and completed monthly questionnaires on infant feeding practices (e.g., number of human milk feedings by bottle or breast per day, age of introduction to complementary foods, and infant bottle‐emptying behavior). Infants were placed into 2 groups based on their reported mode of feeding at 3 months: Nursing Group (NG, n=15), infants fed predominantly at the breast with less than 25% of the feeds from a bottle and Bottle Group (BG, n=10), infants fed human milk from the bottle more than 25% of the feeds. Change in BMI Z scores from 2 to 4 months were significantly different between groups (NG=‐0.18 ± 0.67 vs BG=0.48 ± 0.73, p=0.03). Changes in skinfold thickness from 2 to 4 months were not statistically different between groups. Weight gain velocity from 2 to 4 months was compared to WHO weight velocity standards. Only 3 infants in each group exceeded the 75th percentile for weight gain velocity. The majority of parents reported those infants fed human milk from the bottle finished the bottle "most of the time" or "all of the time." None of the infants were introduced to complementary foods before 4 months. The results of this study suggest that bottle‐feeding human milk may be related to differences in weight gain during 2 to 4 months. However, follow up for a longer time period with a larger sample size is necessary to fully investigate the relationship of bottle‐feeding with infant growth.


Lignin, a low-cost, biomass derived precursor, was selected as an alternative for carbon based free standing anodes in Li-ion batteries. Industrially scalable melt-spinning and melt-blowing synthesis methods were developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory that are compatible with industrially viable production. Engineering studies predict that LCFs can be manufactured at $3/lb using these technologies, which compares favorably to $12/lb for battery grade graphite. The physical properties of lignin carbon fibers, specifically the tunable electrochemical and thermal transport, are suitable for energy storage applications as both an active material and current collector. The elimination of inactive components in the slurry-coated electrodes was enabled by LCF processing parameters modifications to produce monolithic mats in which the fibers are electrically interconnected. These mats were several hundreds of micrometers thick, and the fibers functioned as both current collector and active material by virtue of their mixed ionic/electronic conductivities. The LCFs were coated onto copper current collectors with PVDF binder and conductive carbon additive through conventional slurry processing. Galvanostatic cycling of the LCFs against Li revealed reversible capacities greater than 300 mAh/g. The coulombic efficiencies were over 99.8%. The mats were galvanostatically cycled in half cells against Li. Specific capacities as high as 250 mAh/gmore » were achieved approximately 17% lower than the capacities of the same fibers in slurries. However, there were no inactive materials reducing the practical specific capacity of the entire electrode construction. Lithiation and delithiation of the LCFs proceeded with coulombic efficiencies greater than 99.9%, and the capacity retention was greater than 99% over 100 cycles at a rate of 15 mA/g. Research sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy.« less


Background The ability of a person with hemophilia to adhere to treatment recommendations aimed at preventing and controlling bleeding likely impacts clinical outcomes and resource utilization. Annual cost of replacement factor for persons with severe hemophilia on prophylaxis is estimated to be as high as $300,000 per year (Johnson KA and Zhou ZY. ASH Annual Meeting Educational Program . 2011; 413-418). Hemophilia care is optimized when delivered by a highly specialized hemophilia treatment center (HTC) (Soucie et al. Blood. 2000; 96: 437-442). Consolidation of care for persons with hemophilia from a large geographic region within an HTC results in demographic heterogeneity that may impact an individual's ability to adhere to treatment recommendations. Little is known regarding the impact of socio-demographic factors on treatment outcomes for persons with hemophilia. The purpose of this study was to identify disease-related, treatment-related and demographic variables that have a significant impact on morbidity and resource utilization.

Methods We identified 69 persons with severe hemophilia treated at our HTC between June 2009 and June 2012. We collected data for the variables listed below in [table 1][1]. To assess morbidity and resource utilization, we collected data for total factor use, total outpatient cost, total inpatient cost, frequency of inpatient and outpatient encounters and length of stay when hospitalized. Risk factors were identified using linear regression. A subset analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of prophylaxis on patients without inhibitors. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA (version 12.0 College Station, TX). Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05.

Results Age and inhibitor status were the only variables to significantly impact cost in both inpatient and outpatient settings ([Table 1][1]). The statistically significant beneficial impact of prophylaxis was confirmed by subgroup analysis of patients without inhibitors with respect to number of hospitalizations and length of stay, but not total cost.

View this table:

Table 1
Total Cost

Conclusions Identifying and addressing potential barriers to care will likely reduce morbidity and cost for persons with hemophilia. Caregiver status and age are demographic variables that may contribute to poor medical adherence resulting in increased morbidity and cost of care for persons with severe hemophilia.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: #T1


ABSTRACTThe term 'gonzo' is often misunderstood or misused, becoming a sort of metonymy or lightning rod for more general controversies around pornography. More interesting perhaps, the term has been progressively discarded by the porn 2.0 industry. How then might we understand gonzo? This article investigates the discursive construction of gonzo pornography through a digital ethnography of online spaces where gonzo porn is watched or debated, proceeding through two stages. First, the close reading of three important user-generated content sites hosting the 'definitional' or 'ontological' efforts of users (Yahoo! Answers, Wikipedia, Urban Dictionary); and second, the sampling and consequent analysis of 378 comments on gonzo videos deposited on the streaming site PornHub.


For the first time, a 1.24-GHz CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with an integrated resonator which satisfies the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) phase noise requirement at a 3-MHz offset is presented. The measured phase noise is -88, -125, and -137 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz, 600-kHz, and 3-MHz offsets, respectively. The VCO is implemented in a low-cost 0.8-μm foundry CMOS process exclusively using pMOS transistors which have greater than one order of magnitude lower 1/f noise than that of nMOS transistors. The tuning range is /spl sim/130 MHz for the control voltages between 0.5 and 3.0 V. The VCO core runs on 22 mA from a 3-V power supply.


The present invention is a high-speed serial-relates to a deserializing system and a conversion method, a plurality of serial converter, and produces a strobe signal, and multiplexing the N-bit parallel data transferred from the outside and the serial converter to convert serial data , and the transmission link for transmitting the serial data and the strobe signal converted from the serial converting unit includes a plurality of parallel converter and, by use of said strobe signal received from the transmission link, the said series sent from the transmission link, by comprising a parallel conversion for converting the data into N-bit parallel data, N: set N during to-serial conversion at the rate of one to several integer available (Configurable) and, when N is a number greater scale 16 and 32 even without the fall performance, serial-to-parallel conversion is possibly by giving the whole window reduces time per data series It is possible to improve the robustness to the parallel conversion to reduce the delay, increase the bandwidth of the link, the serial data. To-serial converter (Serializer), a parallel converter (Deserializer), the window-time, bandwidth


Based on the characterises of coalbed gas reservoir,buried condition,geological structure and hydrology,a detailed study of the coalbed gas resources is given.Advantages and disadvantages,as well as potential solvable methods for the development of the coalbed gas in this area are presented.Those provides a scientific foundation for the further development of the coalbed gas resources in Xinan coalfield.


The experimental signature of the formation of a necklike structure, with a velocity between that of the projectilelike emitter and that of the targetlike emitter, is investigated with the same beam and experimental setup for targets lighter and heavier than the projectile. The reactions are {sup 35}Cl on {sup 12}C and on {sup 197}Au at 43 MeV/nucleon. Particle velocity distributions are compared with two-source statistical simulations and the presence of a necklike structure is inferred from the data. In the second part of the paper, dynamical model simulations with the formation of a necklike structure are presented for the {sup 35}Cl+{sup 12}C system at 43 MeV/nucleon. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Volcanic soils under elfin alder were studied in the south of Kamchatka. It is shown that these soils are inhomogeneous: Sod and Sod-Peaty volcanic-ash soils form under herbaceous associations and raw-humus Tundra and raw-humus peat soils form under low-shrub associations. The soils have two types of organogenic horizons: grass-sod and shrub-root.


Heat treatable AA-6061 T651 Aluminum alloys (Al-Mg-Si) have found considerable importance in various structural applications for their high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance properties. Weld defects, residual stresses, and microstructural changes are the key factors for the performance reduction as well as failure of welded structures. Tungsten inert gas (TIG/GTAW) welding was carried out on AA-6061 T651 Aluminum Alloy plates using Argon/Helium (50/50) as the shielding gas. Non-destructive phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) was applied for the detection and characterization of weld defects and characterization of the mechanical performances. In this study, ultrasonic technique was also used for the evaluation of post-weld residual stresses in welded components. The approach is based on the acoustoelastic effect, in which ultrasonic wave propagation speed is related to the magnitude of stresses present in the materials. To verify the estimated residual stresses by ultrasonic testing, hole-drilling technique was carried out and observed analogous results. The effects of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the residual stresses, grain size, micro hardness, and tensile properties were also studied. The grain size and micro hardness were studied through Heyn's method and Vickers hardness test, respectively. Lower residual stresses were observed in post-weld heat-treated specimens, which also experienced from microstructure and micro hardness studies. The PWHT also resulted enhanced tensile properties for the redistribution of microstructures and residual stresses.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


In this paper we contribute with one main result to the interesting problem initiated by Hong (1998, J. Symb. Comput.25, 643?663) on the behaviour of Grobner bases under composition of polynomials. Polynomial composition is the operation of replacing the variables of a polynomial with other polynomials. The main question of this paper is:When does composition commute with reduced Grobner bases computation under the same term ordering?We give a complete answer for this question: let ? be a polynomial map, then for every reduced Grobner basisG,G?? is a reduced Grobner basis if and only if the composition by ? is compatible with the term ordering and ? is a list of permuted univariate and monic polynomials. Besides, we also include other minor results concerned with this problem; in particular, we provide a sufficient condition to determine when composition commutes with reduced Grobner bases computation (possibly) under different term ordering.


Considering the advantages of Kalman filter and GM model,the authors put forward the building thought and accuracy assessment formula of a new Kal-GM combined model based on kalman filter in this paper which was applied to monitoring transmutation of building.Using the settlement observation data of a high building in Xi'an,a mathematical model is set up through analyzing deformation monitoring regularity and applied to process the observation data.The results show that the variation trend between the new model and observed data are basically consistent,the transmutation rule is better simulated by the mathematical model.The new model effectively eliminates errors in observational data,has a higher fitting accuracy and provides more reliable observational data for deformation monitoring.


Objective Evaluation of the effect of the lithotrity of PCNL. Methods PCNL for 215 clinical examples affected kidney stones disease.Results The successful ratio is 98.54% in this group of 215 examples. Owing to the reducement of the kidney's volume, among them 3 examples , with the ratio of 1.46%, have been failed in stabbing without the establish ment of "the artificial kidney ponding". In phraseI, 190 examples have been successed in crushing kidney stones, with the ratio of 92.68%, and 12 examples, with the account for 5.85% successed in phraseII. Conclusion With the advantages of accuration of location, bit of harmness and simplification of operation, the PCNL may be the best lithotrity presently to crush the kidney stones We consider that the such lithotrity will have a high value in clinic.


Plasma samples from 250 patients were incubated with Ehrlich's reagent and the degree of color development recorded as optical density. Plasma from untreated cancer patients consistently developed a darker blue‐purple color than specimens from other subjects. Changes in plasma mucoprotein levels may account for this difference. The procedure shows promise as a screening test for cancer.


Abstract : The PI's have accomplished three major tasks, (1) A general optimization scheme the Ordinal Optimization method, has been developed and applied to many real world problems. Evidence show that this approach has tremendous application perspective for the C31 problems. (2) A Rational Approximation method for evaluating computational computationally complex performance analysis problems in computer and communication systems has been developed. (3) A careful study has been done for the stochastic fidelity issue in hierarchical battle simulation model currently used in the U.S. Army Concept Analysis Agency.


In the present work, the vegetation indices obtained from satellite images are used to monitoring sugarcane crop. The study was carried out in 5,5 ha of sugarcane field, planted with CP 52-43 variety located in Camajuaní Municipality, Cuba. Vegetative evolution of the plantation was monitored by field measurements of leaf width, stem diameter, stem height, soil moisture and vegetal cover, using the diagonal distribution method for samples collection. The services available in Earth Observed System (EOS) were used to obtain images of vegetative index of: NDVI, SAVI, EVI and NDWI. The initial stage of crop was characterized by low values of soil moisture and foliar development of sugarcane plants, EVI and NDVI indices showed results according to the low vegetative development with values between 0,2 and 0,4, while NDWI agreed with dry soil. In the rainy season, after the fourth month of the plantation, an increase in soil moisture to 42,9% took place, the plants´ biophysics parameters: stem height, stem diameter and leaf width also increased, EVI index reached between 0,6 and 0,8 in 74,4% crop area and in the same way NDVI index showed values between 0,7 to 0,8. However, NDWI index showed values between -1 and -0.6 belonging to dry soil, no matching with the actual moisture conditions. Through monitoring with Sentinel-2 satellite, a more stable representation of the increase in vegetation was achieved, as well as more adequate values of the initial and final state of the crop were obtained.


With the fast development of real estate market, the property management also develops fast, but compares with the mature management overseas, there is still a big difference The problems in property management now are increasingly outstanding, how to solve these problems is quite a hard, urgent and important task, which is also an general attentions of the people These paper starts with operation mode, and then the problems in property management of Hefei are analyzed, such as early management and the establishment of proprietor committee, finally some countermeasures is proposed, which can ensure a sound development of property management.


This study presents an attempt to evaluate the antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract, and essential oils prepared from the leaves of sage (Salvia officinalis L.). The content of polyphenol in the methanolic extracts from the leaves of Salvia officinalis was determined spectrophotometrically, calculated as gallic acid and catechin equivalent. The essential oils and methanol extract were also subjected to screenings for the evaluation of their antioxidant activities using 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. While the plant essential oils showed only weak antioxidant activities, its methanol extract was considerably active in DPPH (IC50 = 37.29 μg/ml) test. Appreciable total polyphenol content (31.25 mg/g) was also detected for the plant methanol extract as gallic acid equivalent in the Folin–Ciocalteu test. The plant was also screened for its antimicrobial activity and good to moderate inhibitions were recorded for its essential oils, and methanol extracts against most of the tested microorganisms. The present investigation revealed that this plant had rich source of antioxidant properties. It is for this reason that sage has found increasing application in food formulations. Keywords—Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Flavonoid, Polyphenol, Salvia officinalis.


Abstract Extraction behavior of plutonium(IV), uranium(VI), and some fission products from aqueous nitric acid media with di-n-octylsulfoxide (DOSO) has been studied over a wide range of conditions. Both the actinides are extracted essentially completely, whereas fission product contaminants like Zr, Ru, Ce, Eu, and Sr show negligible extraction. The absorption spectra of sulfoxide extracts containing either Pu4+ or UO2 2+ indicate the species extracted from nitric acid into the organic phase to be Pu(NO3)4. 2DOSO and UO2(NO3)2. 2DOSO, respectively. Extraction of these actinides decreases with increasing temperature, indicating the extraction to be exothermic. DOSO extracts plutonium and uranium better than di-n-hexylsulfoxide (DHSO) under all condition and is also more soluble in aromatic diluents than the latter. The effect of gamma radiation on the extraction properties of DOSO is found to be similar to that of DHSO.


The European social model currently represents an issue for
many scholarly topics. Most authors (Krebs, Mitchell, Godet,
etc.) agree on fact that due to demographic factors and fiscal
crisis of economy, the view on a welfare state of Europe has to
be changed. Discussion about the phenomenon of welfare state
(Krebs, 2011) does not concern only its very existence, but
rather how it should be working: what should be its extent, how
it should be organised, how it should be effective in a long
run. Changes in a concept of percieving a welfare state are
reflected in concepts of particular welfare states of developed
European countries. It is apparent that the national economies'
capacity to fund extensive social programs is limited, and that
it is necessary to shift the boundary between state's and
individuals' (clients) responsibiltities. This article seeks to
answer the question, where the Czech Republic stands in terms
of drawing the social benefits compared to Great Britain and
France, representatives of the advanced economies. The paper
aims to answer the question whether the Czech Republic is
really a generous welfare state, or whether this is only a myth
being used as an argument.


An application distribution management system for "Hybridcast" is proposed in this paper. This system will enable a broadcaster to comprehensively manage Web applications provided by service providers from registration to distribution and enable the operation of any application to be immediately terminated in the event of a problem. This paper describes the details of the proposed system and presents the evaluation results of the system using prototype equipment.


Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), the most frequent subset of porphyria in western countries, is related to decreased activity of one of the key enzymes of haem synthesis, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) (1). Several well-known, often combined, factors may lead to overt PCT, including hepatitis C (HCV) infection, exposure to hepatotoxic drugs, alcohol abuse and liver iron overload. This last factor's pathological mechanisms in PCT may result partly from mutations affecting the various genes involved in the regulation of iron metabolism. Mutations in the HFE gene (C282Y and H63D) have been identified in PCT at an allele frequency up to 30% in several studies (1-4). Other studies have investigated additional genes involved in iron metabolism, namely the transferrin-receptor type 2 (TFR2) or the cytochrome P450 (CYP1A2), but results have remained inconclusive to date (5, 6). Mutations of other genes involved in iron metabolism should also be considered. Recently, new relevant biochemical actors have been identified in rare subsets of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), i.e. the hemojuvelin (HJV) and hepcidin (HAMP) genes in juvenile haemochromatosis (JH) (7). Hemojuvelin protein has clearly been involved in the regulation of the expression of hepcidin, a key protein of iron metabolism also involved in JH (8). Hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide that indirectly decreases intestinal iron absorption (9). To investigate the possible involvement in PCT of deleterious mutations of these two genes and their possible relationship with iron overload, a retrospective study was designed targeting 35 PCT patients from southern France.


controversy surrounding masculinities encompasses a range of definitions and ideologies amongst various scholars. The issue of sex, language and violence define phallic masculinity in the novels of Saadawi and Darko. Both African writers vividly portray this issue through male characters who rape, beat and use all forms of discourse on their women to prove a point. Using the concept of masculinities, precisely phallic masculinities and Derrida's concept of phallogocentrism, this paper analyses the male characters and their use of language as well as violence to portray their authoritativeness over their households, especially on their wives. This paper is germane to the ongoing scholarship on masculinities and their portrayal in some African novels, precisely Nawal El Saadawi's Woman at Point Zero and Amma Darko's Beyond the Horizon.


The discussion focused on the scientific priorities and technological requirements for the exploration of the outer planets with entry probes. There are two kinds of measurements that appear essential to answer at this time to understand the formation of the Solar System: the bulk abundance of water in Jupiter and other gas giants, and the abundance of noble gases in Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Our current knowledge about the elemental composition of the Jupiter's atmosphere following the Galileo Entry Probe mission is good. Measurements of the water abundance are expected from the recently selected NASA mission, Juno. Detailed knowledge of the composition of the mixed atmosphere of Saturn as compared to that of Jupiter is fundamental as the next step in constraining models of giant planet formation and the origin of their atmospheres. This emerged as the highest near-term priority in the exploration of the giant planets. This will lead to a better understanding of the formation and evolution of our Solar System and consequently planetary systems around other stars. A dedicated Outer Planet Exploration Programme with an objective to visit all the outer planets was discussed. This programme would include a probe mission every 710 years. International partnership will be vital for such a programme.


We present the analysis of KMT-2016-BLG-0212, a low flux-variation $(I_{\rm flux-var}\sim 20$) microlensing event, which is well-covered by high-cadence data from the three Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) telescopes. The event shows a short anomaly that is incompletely covered due to the brief visibility intervals that characterize the early microlensing season when the anomaly occurred. We show that the data are consistent with two classes of solutions, characterized respectively by low-mass brown-dwarf $(q=0.037)$ and sub-Neptune $(q<10^{-4})$ companions, respectively. Future high-resolution imaging should easily distinguish between these solutions.


More and more useful spectral information has been supplied to geoscientists from sophisticated space sensors with increasing detecting ability. Because the quality of spectral information depends on its sensor characteristics, sensor development is the key to remote sensing techniques. As an Earth observation space sensor the German MOMS-2P (Modular Optoelectronic Multispectral Stereo Scanner) was launched May 1996 aboard the PRIRODA Module docked on the Russian MIR Space Station in a preoperational mission of about three years duration. The optimized MOMS spectral bands are superior to the similar bands of other sensors such as SPOT and IRS-1C. Since March 1998 at request of users, the MOMS-2P records data for one or two orbits daily. These data can be broadly used for a variety of geoscientific purposes. This paper discusses the sensor features and thematic applications of the advanced MOMS-2P images.


Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) was described in 1957, and this review gives an account of research forty years later. The etiology remains the main unanswered problem in BEN despite broad investigations conducted into the possible role of genetic factors, environmental agents and immune mechanisms.The evidence accumulated so far indicates that BEN is an environmentally-induced disease. A continuous, but cyclic, effect of environmental factors upon kidneys of children from the endemic settlements and endemic families in particular was demonstrated. Weathering of low-rank coals nearby the endemic villages produces water soluble polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines, similar to metabolic products of acetaminophen that has a causal relationship with analgesic nephropathy. Many of these compounds are known to be carcinogenic and could also cause urothelial cancer. The similarity of the morphological and clinical pattern of BEN and Chinese herb nephropathy has raised the possibility of a common etiologic agent, aristolochic acid. Genetic studies have landed support for genetic predisposition to BEN. Kidney morphology in early stages of the disease is peculiar and resembles that of aging with pronounced renal vascular changes. The histopathology is predominantly tubulointerstitial sclerosis without infiltrates. Humoral immune mechanisms do not appear to play a pathogenic role in BEN. An increased incidence of tumors of renal pelvis and ureter in patients with BEN and in population from endemic settlements has been observed. Recently the frequency of urinary bladder tumors in endemic settlements was also found increased compared with the nonendemic villages and cities. The geographic correlation between BEN and urinary tract tumors supports the speculation that these diseases share a common etiology.


Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was pre‐irradiation grafted into ETFE base film of 25 μm thickness up to graft levels of 300%. The grafted films were sulfonated using a mixture of sulfite and bisulfite. FTIR and SEM–EDX analysis of the synthesized films and membranes was performed to confirm the grafting and the sulfonation. A pronounced front mechanism for grafting of GMA into ETFE was found. Regarding ex situ fuel cell relevant properties, conductivities of up to 0.25 S cm–1 were attained. For the first time, fuel cell testing of this type of membrane is reported. These grafted membranes performed comparable to a commercial benchmark membrane (Nafion® 212) and better than a styrene‐based grafted membrane with similar conductivity. Post‐test FTIR analysis showed that a fraction of the grafted chains was lost during the test under constant current conditions, yet the membrane still exhibited superior durability compared to a styrene‐based grafted membrane. Hydrolysis of the methacrylate groups was shown not to be the principle cause of the loss of sulfonic acid groups.


Ab initio calculations are performed to analyse the existence of intermolecular halogen···π interactions in NCX complexes with YC≡CY, where X = Cl, Br and Y = H, CN, F, Cl, OH, NH2, and CH3. Molecular geometries and interaction energies of the complexes are investigated at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. Our results indicate that the interaction energies for the NCX···YC≡CY complexes lie in the range between −0.5 and −5.9 kcal/mol. The physical nature of the interactions is studied using symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT). The stability of the X···π interactions is predicted to be attributable mainly to electrostatic and dispersion effects.


Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pet dog-assisted activities on self-esteem, depression and cognitive function of elderly people Method: The experimental group(pet dog-assisted group) consisted of 22 people over 65 years old out of about 90 elderly people registered with a home for the aged and the control group(non-pet dog assisted group) consisted of 22 people over 65 years old out of about 90 elderly people registered with another home for the aged in Daegu. Both groups had similar general characteristics, state of health, conduct on health and self-esteem, depression and cognitive abilities. Nineteen people who participated in the program at least 10 times out of 12, were chosen for the final analysis from the experimental group. For the control group, 20 people who responded to all three tests, which had been conducted before, 1 week after, and four week after the experiment, were analyzed. Result: Mean(±SD) differences between before and 1 week after the experiment for self-esteem, depression, and cognitive function were 5.84(±3.06), -3.26(±1.76), 1.47(±1.26), respectively. Those between before the experiment and 4 weeks after the experiment was 5.68(±3.64), -3.94(±2.32), 1.63(±0.96), respectively. Those for control group between before and after the experiment were -0.40(±1.27), 0.00(±0.92), 0.15(±0.93), respectively. Those for control group between before and 4 weeks after the experiment were -0.45(±2.24), 0.25(±1.68), 0.15(±0.93), respectively. All the differences between experiment and control group in mean differences between before and 1 week after experiment, between before and 4 weeks after experiment were statistically significant(p Conclusion: This study suggests that the pet-assisted activities can be useful solution for elderly people who have psychological and emotional problems caused by retrogression of physical, mental and social ability.


Abstract The goal of this paper is to challenge the rather insouciant attitude that many investigators seem to adopt when they go about describing the items and events in their "visual fields". There are at least three distinct categories of interpretation of what these reports might mean, and only under one of those categories do those reports have anything resembling an observational character. The others demand substantive revisions in one's beliefs about what one sees. The ur‐concept of a "visual field" is that of the "sum of things seen", but one can interpret the latter in very different ways. The first is the 'field of view", or the sum of physical things seen. The second is an array of visual impressions, whose spatial relations are distinct from those of physical phenomena in front of the eyes. The third is an intentional object: the world as it is represented visually. These three categories are described, and various locutions of vision science—such as "optic array", "retinocentric space", "vis...


Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and implement an educational program for cultural competence in nursing for nursing students, and to evaluate its effects on transcultural self-efficacy, intercultural communication competence, and state anxiety. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used with an experimental group (n


In this paper a dynamic panel data specification is used to assess the relationship between labour market flexibility and innovation activities by distinguishing different technological regimes of activities and geographical areas of the Italian economy. In order to estimate the previous relationship, regional patents are included as a proxy of the innovation, while job turnover and wages represent labour market indicators. The results show that higher job turnover has a significant and negative impact on patent activities only in regional sectors of Northern Italy, while a positive and significant impact of blue and white collar wages has been generally found.


Abstract Türkiye experienced 2 of the most catastrophic earthquakes of the last century on February 6, 2023. The first earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 occurred at 4:17 am in Kahramanmaraş City. Nine hours later, the second earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 hit a region, which has 10 cities and over 16 million people. After the earthquakes, the Director-General of the World Health Organization, Hans Kluge, announced that a level 3 emergency was declared. One of the problems that should be solved at the earliest period in earthquakes is the problem of orphans or unaccompanied children. These children, referred to as "earthquake orphans", can be potential victims of violence, organized crime, organ trafficking, drug addiction, sexual exploitation, or human trafficking. The already low socioeconomic level of the region, the magnitude of the earthquake, and the turmoil in the emergency rescue organization cause concern that the number of fragile children in this population will be higher than expected. The problem of orphaned children experienced in previous major destructive earthquakes provides important experiences for earthquake preparation.


Aim:  To identify and characterise cases of infant deaths where the fatal episodes were considered to be because of positional asphyxia from wedging and/or suffocation associated with sleeping on or near a mattress that had been placed on a floor.


The history of gold mining and its
fabrication into jewellery and other items
of adornment goes back at least 1000 years
in southern Africa. Trace-element analysis of
gold artefacts from the major archaeological
sites of Mapungubwe, Bosutswe and
Thulamela has led to fascinating insights, and
an expansion of this analytical programme to
seek answers to archaeological questions
previously inaccessible to science.


This article identifies parent involvement programs as an important part of elementary education and describes the Follow Through educational model as one type of program with a strong commitment to parent involvement. Quantitative and qualitative evidence from the first 20 years of Follow Through indicates the benefits that a parent involvement program can have for children, parents, the school system, and the community. Data from the program's implementation provide suggestions for the operation of future parent involvement programs. The Follow Through findings presented give evidence of positive outcomes in 3 areas of parent involvement (advocacy, decision making, and instruction). 7 related suggestions are offered for the implementation of new parent involvement programs in elementary schools.


Keep IT real, create, build, and develop design tools that support designers during the early phases of design processing. This paper investigates how, and whether, current technology can afford real-time interaction and affective computing in a HDT(E) design tool that integrates and blends realities through physical and virtual interaction. Interaction design (IxD) is crucial to the usability (UX) and engagement (UE), concepts and terminology are introduced, after which an interaction framework is set up that takes into account the multi-modal Human Computer Interaction (HCI) with a HDT(E).


The Romantic Era was a period in music history, when composers started to take their influences from various different sources. In the second half of the 19 century, with the rise of Neudeutsche Schule, the so-called War of the Romantics divided the composers in terms of their motives for writing new music. In this period, the pioneering of composers like Franz Liszt, Hector Berlioz and later Gustav Mahler, Programme music or Programmatic Music had been defined as the main notion of writing new music. As the eponym of the term, Liszt explains the program of a musical piece as 'a preface added to a piece of instrumental music, by means of which composer intends to guard the listener against a wrong poetical interpretation, and to direct his attention to the poetical idea of the whole or to a particular part of it'.


The modern model of discipline "Painting" at the Moscow School of Architecture has set the task of forming a student of plastic culture and composite of thinking. The basis of methodology of teaching is practical course consisting of visual and formal exercises, built on the principle that the laws of physics and the visual perception of color composition and picturesque area. The course has a two-tier structure that meets the standards of the GEF third generation.


Improvements in social conditions and healthcare have transformed life in the developed world over the last century where, for example, life expectancy has increased dramatically. Indeed, some babies born today can expect to live into the next century! These advances are undoubtedly due to a combination of improved hygiene, social conditions and lifestyle, but some 40% is estimated to result from new medicines. A clear example is heart disease: hypertension is now well controlled and cardiovascular risk reduced using safe and effective medicines. Similar breakthroughs have been seen in other areas: for instance, deaths due to HIV/AIDS have been brought under control in most developed countries. These advances have involved a significant investment, not only by the pharmaceutical industry (US biopharmaceutical companies spent over US$65bn on R&D in 2009) but also by academic groups in science and clinical research. Even with the extremely high prices for some medicines in the West, such healthcare expenditure is not sustainable and is under increasing pressure, so how can we address serious diseases in less advanced countries where safe food and water supplies may be more pressing priorities? Nowhere is the divide more apparent than for HIV/AIDS, where 70% of the 33 million sufferers are located in sub-Saharan Africa, with limited access to effective drugs that are priced at US$10,000/year in the US. Even generic alternatives that may be more than 10-fold cheaper are beyond many patients' reach and in some countries, life expectancy has dropped to below 40 years. However, all is not lost and ''where there is a will, there is way'' as seen by previously successful worldwide collaborations to eradicate smallpox and polio. There is a now a similar sense of social responsibility in some developed nations that high mortality and unnecessary suffering, particularly amongst


Satellite nocturnal images of the earth are a useful way to identify urbanisation. Nighttime lights have been used in a range of scientific contributions, including studies on building human development indices and on the identification of megalopolises and impacted landscapes. However, the study of the area and internal structure of urban systems by nighttime light imagery has had a fundamental limitation to date: the low spatial resolution of satellite sensors. Although the DMSP Operational Linescan System (OLS) has been gathering global low-light imaging data for over 40 years, its 2.7 km/pixel footprint has limited its use for in-depth studies of urban development. The 2011 launch by NASA and the NOAA of the Suomi National Polar Partnership (SNPP) satellite, with the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor on board, has led to a significant improvement. This instrument has better spatial resolution (742 m/pixel), on-board calibration, a greater radiometric range, and fewer saturation and blooming problems than DMSPOLS data. However, it still has considerable limitations for the in-depth study of the area and internal structure of urban systems. The launch of Luojia 1-01 in June 2018 has increased expectations. LJ1-01 is a nano satellite weighing 20 kg that can obtain high-resolution nocturnal images (130 metres/pixel). The aim of this paper is to analyse, and compare with previous satellites, the new instrument's capacity to delimit the urbanised area and its efficiency in identifying types of urban landscape (compact, dispersed and urban). The case study is Barcelona Metropolitan Region (3,200 km2, 4.7 million inhabitants).


A model for processing fuzzy temporal knowledge, which is based on primitives derived from originally defined Fuzzy Time Petri Nets (FTPN), is proposed in this paper. The primitives are building blocks of the proposed model. The primitives consist of places, transition and fuzzy time token(s). The places represent concepts such as actions, states and events. Transition represents a (fuzzy) time relation between concepts. Fuzzy time tokens carry temporal information and give dynamic properties to the FTPN. Each temporal linguistic expression which describes temporal relation between actions, states or events ("approximately at the same time", "as soon as last/first", "a few moments before/after" etc.) corresponds to one FTPN primitive. The FTPN primitives can be combined and connected into complex forms in order to represent fuzzy temporal knowledge and to support the reasoning and planning in temporally rich domains.


This chapter examines climate change, the most pressing environmental problem of our time. It focuses on the ways practice can help us think about key issues, such as the gap between values and practices, the ways economics and technologies shape moral attitudes and actions, and the problem of moral responsibility and consequences. It also considers the question of what individuals can and should do in response to a problem that is far too big for individual actions to fix. The vastness of climate change demands that both environmental and social ethicists rethink some common assumptions and develop innovative models for understanding and mitigating human effects on the natural world.


Zeeman splitting studies of the Cl35 pure quadrupole resonances in cyanuric chloride have been carried out. Location of the principal electric field gradient axes demonstrated that cyanuric chloride is a planar molecule, with a threefold rotation axis perpendicular to the molecular plane. The planar molecules all lie in the (1, 0, 1) planes of the monoclinic crystal. It seems likely that the molecules are oriented within these planes so that each molecule has a carbon‐chlorine bond lying along the b crystallographic axis. The field gradient asymmetry parameter is 0.24 for all the Cl atoms. This result is interpreted in terms of the effect of the ring nitrogens on the double‐bond character of the carbon‐chlorine bond.


In order to introduce more conductive interfaces, the doped ceria–zirconia core–shell nanocomposites are synthesized via a simple and low-cost sol–gel process. Nitrates, citric acid and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are used as starting materials, and the compositions of the core and the shell are Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC) vailable online 3 May 2009


Dayuandu hydropower project is located on Xiangjiang River and is a key project of the State . During construction , joint venture of Chinese 7 th and 9 th Construction Bureau of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering works together with the Designer , the Supervisor and the Owner . Based on actual project conditions , construction technique alternatives are continuously optimized .New techniques are boldly applied to ensure construction quality and accelerate project progress . The first unit is commissioned into operation ahead of time and the whole project is completed ahead of schedule .


Having a press (1) elastically supporting a workpiece holder, a mold having a means for receiving the stamping die and a die (10), the die having a concave cutting edge (16), in the processing stamping die stroke direction (7) and a return stroke direction (8) on the side next movement of the cutting edge through which, via at least one workpiece support (20) at least one elastic member (25) is supported, which is disposed in the die (10 ) region, supporting the workpiece support (20) an elastic member (25) of adjustable spring force.


So many natural and socio-economic factors are there, that forces man to change his life style along with his occupation. Human activities on river banks are strongly controlled by the river concerned. Taranipur (J.L. No. 103) is a village on the river Jalangi in P.S. Tehatta-I of the district of Nadia. There are at least 43 fishermen's families who would depend for their livelihood on the river Jalangi. For generations, they were fishermen. But decaying of the river Jalangi along with changes in socio-economic pattern of the village, they have cast off their ancestral occupation. Simple statistical analysis of data collected by primary survey also reveals that changing occupational pattern of the fishermen due to decaying of the river Jalangi.


The article presents the importance of accounting in the light of the rights and freedoms
that characterise the EU's free market. It looks at chosen aspects of the free movement of capital, labor, goods and people. It also presents the importance of accounting in
the context of the free movement of people.


1. Binding of tritiated ouabain to the smooth muscle of the guinea‐pig taenia coli showed two components, one saturable at lower glycoside concentrations and the other linear with increasing concentrations.


The O−C bond dissociation energy (ΔHro(T)) in alkoxyamines appears to play a key role in the nitroxide-mediated living free radical polymerizations, and an efficient control of the process can be achieved for ΔHro(T) between 20 and 30 kcal/mol. We report in this paper density functional theory calculations of the O−H and O−C bond dissociation energies of different hydroxylamines and alkoxyamines. Optimization procedures, basis set effects, and exchange−correlation functionals are compared and tested against experimental data. Finally, the bond dissociation energy of (N-tert-butyl-1-diethylphosphono-2,2-dimethylpropylnitroxide)-R'' (where R'' = benzyl, styryl), is reported. This last result is especially important since SG1 is the most efficient to-date nitroxide radical in nitroxide-mediated polymerizations of styrene and acrylates.


The manuscript by Bauters et al. presents an interesting analysis based on a detailed survey of tree species occurrences and their functional traits along two altitudinal transects. The main findings concerning the similar shifts in community weighted means of the key leaf traits for American and African altitudinal transects is stunning and of potential interest to a broad audience. Having that said, there are several issues that need to be improved.


ABSTRACT Secondary analysis of the UK's 2011/12 Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education survey reveals that many existing assumptions about graduate internships are questionable. This article proposes a reliable way of estimating the true extent of internships including those reported as 'voluntary' jobs: hidden internships. In doing so the article finds: 1) At six months after graduation, internships are a small feature of the UK graduate labour market, but significant in certain sectors; 2) Unpaid internships are much more prevalent than previously estimated, especially in these same sectors; and 3) Contrary to some public policy debate, unpaid internships appear, on balance, to be a residual option more likely to lead to underemployment and less favourable career development outcomes. Post-graduation internships appear less likely than pre-graduation work experiences to confer long-term employability advantages.


Essentially,tourism is a cultural communication activity that is often presented as an inter-culture communication activity.The host and guest carry out this communication in a symbolic way in tourism activities.Symbols undertake the basic function of expression and explanation in tourism inter-culture communication.Because of the different cultural background of the host and guest,the way and meaning of the symbols'expression and explanation are greatly different.


We demonstrate that more stationary phase points appear in the spectral interferogram if the higher‐order dispersion coefficients are dominant. Observing the width and the position of the stationary phase points, the sign and magnitude of the dispersion coefficients can be well estimated. This method can be used to control the residual higher‐order dispersion of the stretcher‐compressor unit of a CPA laser system in real time as well.


The network structures fluctuating in space and time are studied in glass-forming liquids of silica (SiO2) and silicate (Mg2SiO4), by carrying out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and then applying the graph theoretical algorithm of a "pebble game". The pebble game algorithm was developed in Thorpe and coworkers' studies on the percolation of rigidity to form amorphous solids and, although its exactness is proved only in two dimensions, it has been demonstrated to apply to three-dimensional networks. In liquid silica and silicates, the network connections are extended with amounts of network-forming Si, O atoms, and infinitely-percolating clusters emerge over an extensive range of compositions. The search along a network for free "pebbles", attached virtually to the constituent atoms to represent their degrees of freedom of motions, shows that one infinitely-percolating cluster contains some rigid clusters. These rigid clusters in liquid states fluctuate in space and time because of the alteration of connections at high temperatures, in contrast to those solidified below glass transition temperatures, and these fluctuations are responsible for the slow structural relaxations. The pebble game analyses thus give insights into the internal structures in infinitely-spanning networks, beyond surveys by the conventional theory of percolation, and reveal the behaviors of rigid clusters playing the dominant role in the slow structural relaxations in glass-forming liquids. We discuss these results especially by taking focus on varieties in network structures, such as the composition-dependent degrees of connectivity and structural transformation under high pressures.


We propose a redesign method for modal parameters to depress the second resonance peak of an ultraslim optical pickup actuator. With the addition of the countermode near the second resonance frequency, we can achieve the gain margin, which is sufficient to meet the system requirement. It would alleviate the burden of the additional filter for a high-speed drive.


This paper describes RHALE, a two and three-dimensional, multi- material, arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (MMALE) shock physics code written in C++. RHALE is the successor to CTH, Sandia`s 3-D Eulerian shock physics code, and will be capable of solving problems that CTH cannot adequately address. RHALE employs a three step solution algorithm for the equations of motion: a Lagrangian step capable of solving for either structural or hydrodynamic responses, a remesh step to prevent mesh tangling or to facilitate Eulerian hydrodynamic algorithms, and an Eulerian remap step. The Lagrangian step is solved using finite elements on an unstructured grid. RHALE incorporates new Lagrangian capabilities which include arbitrary mesh connectivity, superior artificial viscosity and spurious vorticity control, and improved equations of state. The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) algorithm comprises both the remesh and remap steps. The multi-material extension to ALE is termed MMALE and has been generalized for arbitrary grids in both two and three-dimensions in RHALE. The MMALE feature in RHALE provides the accuracy of a Lagrangian code while allowing a calculation to proceed under very large mesh distortions. Coupling an arbitrary connected grid to the MMALE algorithm facilitates modeling of complex shapes with a minimum number of computational cells. RHALE allows regionsmore » of a problem to be modeled with Lagrangian, Eulerian or ALE meshes. In addition, regions can switch from Lagrangian to ALE to Eulerian based on user input or mesh distortion. For arbitrary meshes, new node locations are determined with equipotential schemes. Element quantities are advected with donor, van Leer, or Super-B algorithms. Nodal quantities are advected with second order schemes developed by Benson and Margolin which uses the element advection algorithms.« less


1568 Background: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of different screening modalities in detecting ovarian cancer in high-risk women and BRCA 1/2 carriers. Methods: We searche...


Taste receptor cells located in taste buds respond to gustatory stimuli using a complex arrangement of receptor molecules, signaling cascades, and ion channels. To depolarize taste receptor cells, ionic stimuli, such as salts and acids (protons), interact directly with apically located ion channels, whereas the second messenger systems via specific taste receptors are important in transducing bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli. In this article, we report the isolation of a cDNA encoding a taste receptor for sourness from a rat circumvallate papilla cDNA library by combined homology and functional expression approaches. Taste receptors for other tastes are also mentioned.


A 40‐year‐old man with rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and mild thrombocytopenia presented with gross ascites and a history of excess alcohol consumption. Oesophageal varices were documented endoscopically. Alcoholic cirrhosis was suspected and laparoscopy revealed a macro nodular liver surface. Liver biopsy disclosed subtle microscopic structural variations which together with the laparoscopic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of nodular regenerative hyperplasia. The importance in diagnosis of macroscopic appearance combined with histological findings is emphasised. Clinically significant portal hypertension may be present at a histologically early stage of this condition.


SEVERSIKE, THOMAS MATTHEW. Drought Tolerance Mechanisms in Cultivated and Wild Soybean Species. (Under the direction of Dr. Thomas Rufty). Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important source of protein and oil in the current world market. Soybean yields can drastically decrease when droughts occur, thus subjecting farmers to significant financial risk. Considering that rainfall and other climate factors are projected to change in the future, drought tolerant soybean varieties are needed to help mitigate this risk. Soybean breeders are making progress with drought tolerant varieties by using exotic soybean germplasm to increase genetic diversity. The wild soybean species, Glycine soja (Sieb. and Zucc.), is another potential source of genetic diversity for drought traits. The present research was conducted to explore drought tolerance mechanisms in cultivated and wild soybean genotypes, with additional attention to temperature effects that could interact with physiological mechanisms. In the first series of experiments, a 'shoot-based' mechanism was examined in wellwatered plants to determine how plants adjusted their water use patterns in response to a stressful aerial environment. Second, 'below-ground' experiments were conducted to investigate water use in water-replete and water-deficit soil environments, as well as the root morphology of plants grown in hydroponics. Last, wild soybean was evaluated in closedcanopy field experiments for agronomic traits in comparison with cultivated soybean. Drought tolerant genotypes in soybean appear to possess a suite of traits that allow them to control water use in response to atmospheric and soil stresses, and now the same is being discovered in wild soybean genotypes. Wild soybean made physiological adjustments in its water use in response to both aboveand below-ground drought stresses. A layer of complexity was discovered when wild and cultivated soybean exhibited their drought tolerance mechanisms exclusively near their optimum growth temperatures of 25 and 30 °C, respectively. A similar trend was evident in root growth and morphology. Wild soybean had almost twice as much root length as the cultivated type when grown at 25 °C. However as temperature increased to 35 °C, cultivated soybean root length was higher than wild soybean. As expected, cultivated soybean also surpassed the wild type in the field. Domestication of soybean has lead to higher yields, improved seed quality, and other improved agronomic characteristics. The results of this work suggest that wild soybean has potential drought tolerance traits that could be useful in cultivated soybean genotypes. Our study has revealed challenges with temperature interactions in integrating traits from wild to domesticated soybean, but it also offers quantification of the agronomic productivity of wild soybean, which may be higher than previously suspected by many soybean breeders. Drought Tolerance Mechanisms in Cultivated and Wild Soybean Species by Thomas M. Seversike A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy


The invention relates to a liquid crystal television LED-string voltage control adjusting circuit, which comprises a plurality of LED strings and a power supply loop thereof, and is characterized in that: the output end of the plurality of the LED strings is respectively and serially connected with a group of two diodes with opposite polarity, the other end of the diode is connected with a voltage feedback circuit, and the output end of the voltage feedback circuit is connected with the power supply loop of the plurality of LED strings. Two diodes with opposite polarity are used for detecting the connection voltage drop of the liquid crystal television LED string, and then the detected voltage is fed back to the power supply loop of the LED string through the voltage feedback circuit, so the output voltage is appropriately adjusted so as to ensure the normal connection limit emission of the LED string. The adjusting circuit not only can effectively prevent the over-high power-supply voltage from causing the increase of the load of the balance loop, but also can reduce the waste, and can improve the efficiency.


Osteoarthritis of the knee (kOA) is a disease that mainly affects the elderly and can lead to major physical and functional limitations. However, the specific effects of walking, particularly on the immune system, are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of 12 weeks of walking (3×/week) on the leukocyte profile and quality of life (QL) of elderly women with kOA. Sixteen women (age: 67±4 years, body mass index: 28.07±4.16 kg/m2) participated in a walking program. The variables were assessed before and after 12 weeks of training with a progressively longer duration (30–55 min) and higher intensity (72–82% of HRmax determined using a graded incremental treadmill test). The QL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and blood samples were collected for analysis with a cell counter and the San Fac flow cytometer. Walking training resulted in a 47% enhancement of the self-reported QL (P<0.05) and a 21% increase in the VO2max (P<0.0001) in elderly women with kOA. Furthermore, there was a reduction in CD4+ cells (pre=46.59±7%, post=44.58±9%, P=0.0189) and a higher fluorescence intensity for CD18+CD4+ (pre=45.30±10, post=64.27±33, P=0.0256) and CD18+CD8+ (pre=64.2±27, post=85.02±35, P=0.0130). In conclusion, the walking program stimulated leukocyte production, which may be related to the immunomodulatory effect of exercise. Walking also led to improvements in the QL and physical performance in elderly women with kOA.


Objective: To establish an HPLC method to determine the contents of four saponins in the seeds of various species such as Aesculus chinensis Bge, A. chinensis Bge. var. Chekiangensis He et Fang,A. wilsonii Rehd. and A. hippocastanum L. . Methods: The chromatographic condition: Platinum EPS C18 column (4. 6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm)was used. The mobile phase consisted of CH3CN -H20 - HAc(30:70:1) ,the flow rate was 1. 0 mL·?min-1. The UV detector wavelength was 210 nm. Results:The calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 2. 06 -20.56μg(escin I a) ,2. 25-22.46μg(escin Ⅰ b) ,2. 21-22.12 μg(isoescin Ⅰ a) ,2. 01-20. 04 μg(isoes cinⅠ b). The average recoveries were 97. 57% ,96. 74% ,97. 56% and 97. 50% , RSD were 1. 54% , 1. 18% , 1. 14% and 1. 26% ,respectively. Conclusion:This method is simple and accurate,and can be used to control of Semen Aesculi.


Abstract The onset of the LIII edge of the X-ray absorption spectrum of platinum in F-zeolites involves an electronic transition from core to band levels producing a so-called white line. The spectral area of this increases and the edge position shifts to higher energies, first when the platinum particle size becomes small enough so that the clusters are in the supercages, second when the clusters are covered with oxygen, and third when multivalent cations are introduced in the zeolite. Both features of the absorption edge indicate that under the three above circumstances, platinum becomes more electron deficient. This conclusion had been inferred earlier from the enhanced catalytic activity of Pt clusters in Y zeolites.


The article discusses the orientation programs in some of the countries,such as the U.S.,Canada and Australia. Research suggests that international student orientation programs do help overseas students overcome the culture shock period of encountering the new cultures at the very beginning. The international students orientation program in most Chinese universities are neither well organized nor sufficient enough to meet the needs of the increasing tendency of international students in main land China in these years. Comparative study must be undertaken to learn from the universities which have well developed international students service and orientation program in the U.S.,Canada,Australia for the purpose of improving international students education in China.


The FEA was performed with the Abaqus software, Abaqus/Explicit package (Dassault Systèmes, VélizyVillacoublay Cedex, France). All assembled implant components and bar-clip system were considered one single rigid body. There were assumed for temporal bone the properties of cortical bone, i.e., Young Modulus (E) =1.30 GPa and Poisson Coefficient (υ) = 0.40. In order to simulate the removal of a bar-clip retained auricular prosthesis, 20N was applied during 0.5s for tension, which can be considered the worst stress configuration for the cortical bone. Results


On the basis of approving of Cao WenXuan's view and taking his full-length novels as a subject,this paper,from the perspective of Archetypal Criticism,is an attempt to discuss its cultural and aesthetic connotations.Almost each of his novels adopts a similar narrative style and Cao's novels are typical of vividly ceremonial features,which are the prototype of initiation ceremonies.


Automatic polyp detection is a helpful addition to laborious visual inspection in CT colonography. Traditional detection methods are based on calculating image features at discrete positions on the colon wall. However large-scale surface shapes are not captured. This paper presents a novel approach to aggregate surface shape information for automatic polyp detection. The iso-surface of the colon wall can be partitioned into geometrically homogeneous regions based on clustering of curvature lines, using a spectral clustering algorithm and a symmetric line similarity measure. Each partition corresponds with the surface area that is covered by a single cluster. For each of the clusters, a number of features are calculated, based on the volumetric shape index and the surface curvedness, to select the surface partition corresponding to the cap of a polyp. We have applied our clustering approach to nine annotated patient datasets. Results show that the surface partition-based features are highly correlated with true polyp detections and can thus be used to reduce the number of false-positive detections.


The invention discloses a touch screen display device which includes: an image corrector for converting first image data for displaying on pixels to second image data for displaying on the pixels, and for generating a lookup table based on the conversion; and a processor for correcting second touch positions based on the second image data to first touch positions based on the first image data using the lookup table. A method of driving a touch screen display device includes converting first image data for displaying on pixels to second image data for displaying on the pixels, generating a lookup table based on the conversion, and correcting second touch positions based on the second image data to first touch positions based on the first image data by using the lookup table.


TO THE EDITOR: Tsodikov and colleagues' article (1) has a major flaw: The authors do not account for overdiagnosis caused by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. They introduce mean lead time (MLT), a new and nonvalidated metric designed to encompass the process of early detection and diagnosis of cancer in different populations. Because some cases of cancer are detected by screening, MLT is confounded with the well-known screening biases, of which overdiagnosis is an important contributor. Without adjustment for overdiagnosis (a clear harm), MLT is a flawed metric for determining screening benefit and not a substitute for the definitive end point of screening: mortality from the disease. Tsodikov and colleagues' article does not indicate that such an adjustment was done. The mortality end point is encapsulated in Pinsky and associates' article (2), which documents the lack of benefit from organized screening as performed in the intervention group of the PLCO (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial) compared with the opportunistic screening that took place in the control group. Further, Tsodikov and colleagues (1) do not note the remarkable major discrepancies between the different components of the ERSPC (European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer), which have never been satisfactorily explained (3). That the authors did not account for treatment data in their analysis is particularly notable. Screening can reduce mortality only if at least some cases of cancer are detected early and their outcome is improved because of being treated earlier than they would have been without screening. Screening benefit and treatment are inextricably connected. Whatever the true relationship between PSA screening and reduction of prostate cancer mortality, it cannot be accurately determined using MLT because this metric does not include characteristics of cancer or treatment information and the interrelationship between the two. The authors thus could not adjust for the treatment imbalance reported in the ERSPC (3) and have probably overestimated any benefit from this trial. Their analysis does not justify their conclusion that the ERSPC and PLCO provide similar evidence that PSA screening reduces mortality. In summary, their article provides no reason to ignore the recommendation of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (4) against PSA-based screening for prostate cancer in all age groups and to assume benefits in the PLCO equivalent to those averred in the ERSPC.


This article outlines a technology for hole-finishing in short-length cylinder lines to improve wear resistance. The technology is based on an optimized diamond-burnishing (DB) process. The latter was implemented on conventional and CNC lathes, milling machines, and machining centers using a simple burnishing device with an elastic beam. The material used in this study was AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel. The governing factors used were the radius of the diamond insert, burnishing force and feed rate. The objective functions relating to surface integrity characteristics were selected on the basis of their functional importance relative to the wear resistance of the processed hole surface: height and shape roughness parameters, surface microhardness, and surface residual axial and hoop stresses. The one-factor-at-a-time method (used to reduce the factor space), a planned experiment, and regression analyses were used. The multi-objective optimization tasks, which were defined for three diamond insert radius values of 2, 3, and 4 mm, were solved via the Pareto-optimal solutions approach available for a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). Using the optimal values of the governing factors selected from the Pareto fronts, cylinder lines were processed. Samples were then cut from these cylinder lines for reciprocating sliding wear tests under two modes: dry friction and boundary lubrication friction. Additionally, wear test samples were cut from the cylinder line, which was finished with traditional grinding. A finite element simulation was then used to select an appropriate pressing force. The results obtained from the reciprocating sliding wear tests under both the dry and boundary lubrication friction regimes show that to minimize the wear on cylinder lines made of AISI 321 steel, DB with a diamond insert of radius 2 mm is the optimal finishing process.


This study was carried out in cage system of the faculty of marine sciences and technology of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University between Agust 2011 and August 2012. This cage was located in the Canakkale Strait. As result, the specimens that have average 12.03 mm in lenght reach to a lenght of 44.23 mm after 1 year, the heighest value of specific growth rate was observed in September. High rates of growth are based on amount of seston in the environment and the amount of organic mattter of 8.54 mg L-1 is a determinant. This study was performed in a culture unit of Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.1758) and fish-mussel integrated systems are curical factors which increase the growth performance of Mytilus galloprovincialis for this area.


57 Abstract Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to predict hhappiness among members an academic center in Tehran, Iran. Based on Self-efficacy and Quality of Life by mediating of Psychological Well-being. Methods: This was a cross sectional study among a sample of members of an academic center in Tehran in 2019. To collect data we used Oxford Happiness Inventory, SF-36, Sherer self-efficacy beliefs questionnaire and Ryff's Psychological wellbeing questionnaire. To explore the relationship between happiness, quality of life and psychological wellbeing path analysis was performed. Results: In all 382 respondents (213 men and 169 women) completed the questionnaires. The results showed that self-efficacy and quality of life had a positive and significant causal direct effect on happiness with a standard coefficient of 0.09 and 0.44, respectively. The higher self-efficacy and quality of life, predicted higher happiness. Also, the path of self-efficacy toward happiness by mediating role of psychological well-being with standard coefficient of 0.045 and the path of quality of life toward happiness by mediating role of psychological well-being with standard coefficient of 0.289 were significant. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, self-efficacy and quality of life can be predictive of happiness by mediating role of psychological


Some online health information and services have the potential to mislead, confuse or create unnecessary anxiety and more should be done to help people find trustworthy health websites and use online health services safely and effectively, says a new report on the ethics of 'personalised healthcare' Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 2010. In September 2008, the UK Nuffield Council on Bioethics established a Working Party to consider the ethical issues raised by developments in medical profiling and online medicine that promise more 'personalised healthcare'. The resulting report, published in October 2010, makes a number of policy and practice recommendations for providers and users of e-health services. This article highlights the recommendations made in three of the report's e-health case studies: online health information, online personal health records, and telemedicine.


The following list contains measurements made during the period 1972-5 which have not been previously published and which form part of a research project on marine shell dating (Gillespie, 1975). These sets of samples were measured to determine 1) "apparent age" of marine shells coll alive from Australian coastal waters before the advent of large-scale nuclear weapons testing, 2) the possibility of using post 1950 Australian marine shells as a modern reference, 3) "apparent age" of Australian marine shells in the past as shown by comparisons between stratigraphically equivalent charcoal and marine shell samples.


The professional educational program of master level according to the State educational standard of higher education of the third generation allows providing the base for preparation of undergraduates as a teacher and creating the conditions for acquisition of their own experience for the purpose of development of the corresponding professional thinking and outlook. The article considers the attitude of magistrates of physical training higher school to scientific and pedagogical practice based on the study of their personal dispositions. The priorities of human values and values directed on the achievement of magistrates` life purposes, level of their readiness to participation in scientific and pedagogical practice and their professional behavioral attitudes have been identified.


Hybrid transmission of doubly-fed wind power plant and conventional power plant is the principal mode of large-scale wind power development and transmission in future, but overall stability of this transmission mode is possibly poor. The paper first analyzes low frequency oscillation of conventional power plant and wind power plant in hybrid transmission mode; then analyzes feasibility of wind power plant damping and conventional power plant low frequency oscillation, puts forward additional damping control technology and make experimental prototype which excavate wind turbines self transient active power regulation capacity to contribute to power network damping; and finally make real-time simulation modeling of system (including doubly-fed generator system model, synchronous generator system model and "wind fire banding" system model) with real-time digital simulator (RIDS) and make joint debugging together with experimental prototype. Introduction The paper makes research on damping regulation capacity of doubly-fed wind turbine generator, brings forward additional damping control technology and trial-produce testing apparatus. Test based on RIDS verifies that the device has significant damping effect on low frequency oscillation of power network. As new energy utilization pattern with most large scale development conditions, wind power generation enjoys a rapid expansion in the country [1]. To make wind power consumed in national market, large-scale wind power plant will make cross-region transmission after "binding" with thermal power[3]; since hybrid power transmission system has features of long distance and heavy loads, the power network structure and running status are easy to lead to weak (negative) damping low frequency oscillation[4]. Doubly-fed wind driven generator can achieve its active and reactive decoupling control[8], and can regulate its output active power through adjustment of wind turbine generator self active power control link in transient process; for large-scale wind power plant, it can regulate active power of whole wind field. With damping effect of wind power plant transient active power on synchronous motor in electric system, active stability of system can be achieved. Therefore, aimed to increase system damping, excavating wind turbines self transient active power regulation capacity to improve low frequency characteristic of power grid, which is of great importance in improvement of wind power integration technology and ensuring network security. 4th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology (ICMMCT 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 1800 Low Frequency Oscillation of "Wind Fire Banding" Power Transmission System Large-scale wind power bases of the country mainly lie in remote areas where generated power by large-scale wind power plant can not be wholly consumed and wind power cross-region transmission is necessary. However, wind power single remote transmission mode is of poor economical efficiency and wind power frequency fluctuates frequently and erratically which goes against safe and stable operation of power network and therefore "wind fire banding" type transmission mode [9] is mainly applied in electricity delivery of current large-scale wind power plant, as shown in Fig 1. Wind power is banded with neighboring conventional power plant and transmitted to distant large scale system through (ultra) high voltage line. (Ultra) high voltage AC power line


The NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) is scheduled for launch aboard the Japanese Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) in early 1996. The NSCAT instrument is a K(mu) -band radar which measures global ocean surface wind speeds and directions at 50 km resolution. The wind measurement is accomplished by first measuring the normalized backscatter cross section ((sigma) 0) of the ocean at three different azimuth angles and two different polarizations using eight fan-beam antennas. Wind vectors are then retrieved during ground data processing using an empirical geophysical model function which relates (sigma) 0 to wind speed and direction. The accuracy with which the ocean surface wind can be estimated is a sensitive function of the radiometric accuracy of the (sigma) 0 measurements. For this reason, NSCAT must be a highly calibrated and stable instrument. A considerable amount of effort has been invested by the NSCAT project in (1) analysis, to understand and quantify the effects of calibration errors on wind retrieval performance, and (2) the development of both a pre- and post-launch calibration approach to insure that (sigma) 0 measurement accuracy requirements are met. This paper summarizes these efforts and their resulting conclusions.


Hybrid catalysts for polymerization of acetylenes were prepared by anchoring, via (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane linker, the [Rh(cod)Cl] 2 complex on siliceous mesoporous molecular sieves differing in the pore size and architecture (MCM-41, MCM-48 and SBA-15). In comparison with [Rh(cod)Cl] 2 used as homogeneous catalyst, all hybrid catalysts exhibited comparable or even higher catalytic activity in the polymerization of phenylacetylene and 4-ethynyl-N-(4-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzylidene}aniline. The initial polymerization rate increased with increasing accessibility of mesoporous surface of catalysts in the order: MCM-41 < MCM-48 < SBA-15. Molecular weights of the prepared polymers increased in reverse order suggesting suppression of the chain growth termination reactions by space limitations in the pores. No effect of catalyst support on the microstructure of formed polymers was found.


In this article, the core of an atmospheric-microwave-induced air plasma torch is resolved and measured by adjusting the exposure time of a high-speed camera. Gas temperature measurements of the microwave plasma core are achieved by molecular emission spectrometry of the ${A}^{2}{\Sigma }^{+}\to {X}^{2}{\Pi }_{r}$ electronic system of OH radicals. How the geometric features and gas temperature of the plasma core are related to the magnetron power and gas flow rate is explored, and the radial temperature distribution of the microwave plasma is measured. In these experiments, the magnetron power is 1033–2023 W and the gas flow rate is 10–20 L/min. The results show that microwave plasma has two parts, namely, its core and outer shell. The core radius increases approximately linearly with the magnetron power, whereas it does not change substantially with the gas flow rate. Gas temperature can be used to distinguish the core from the outer shell because the former can reach 8000 K, while the latter cools down from 5500 K. Moreover, the core temperature changes with neither the magnetron power nor the gas flow rate. Finally, a method to control the radial distribution of gas temperature of microwave plasma torch is presented.


This research aims to examine the acceptance of mobile marketing services by computing the consumers' intention towards actual use for mobile marketing services. This research's conceptual framework is developed based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour by examining the attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, intention, and actual use. This research also strives to identify the effects of risk perception on purpose, which still an inadequacy of explanation in mobile marketing usage among Gen Y. A total of 650 questionnaires was distributed to the full-time university students of four Universities in the East Coast Region in Malaysia. The main statistical technique used in this research was SmartPLS and SPSS software. This research indicated that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and perceived risk tend to influence intention to use. The behavioural intention was also found to influence the actual use of mobile marketing services among generation Y. Based on the findings, the theoretical and practical implications of the study, limitation, and future studies suggestions were discussed in this research.


The present status of our studies of thickness oscillations of the transport properties in IV‐VI quantum wells is reviewed. The results of those studies provide the first experimental evidence for the existence of oscillations in the thickness dependences of the transport properties of IV‐VI quantum wells caused by size quantization of the electron (hole) energy spectrum.


 Abstract — In this paper we propose new sequence approximating the Euler-Mascheroni constant which converge faster towards its limit and we establish better bounds in inequalities for the Euler constant.


The microcontroller based portable image acquisition and wireless data transmission is a security surveillance device. This can be used in monitoring of an area for effective image capturing and image data transmission. It combines the effectual hardware and software components and brings an output through blinking bulb and there is also a buzzer alarm if the system detects any image. Finally, it bridges the gap between visitors, intruders and the host using surveillance device.


Objective:To optimize the preparation process and to set up the quality standard of Prunus armeniaca dispensing granules.Methods:Nine experiments were carried out by L_9(3~4)orthogonal design,Prunus armeniaca dispensing granules was identified by TLC and the content of amygdalin was determined by HPLC.Results:The optimal extraction process was as follows:the water was 10 times of the Prunus armeniaca,it was decocted 3 times and each time was sustained for 1 hour.The linear relationship of amygdalin was at the range of 1.952 5~9.762 5μg(r=(0.999 9)),the average recovery was 97.64%(RSD=1.40%,n=6).Conclusion:The extraction process was scientific,the method was available with a good reproducibility and can control the quality of Prunus armeniaca dispensing granules.


For an integerk ≥ 1, k-coloring reconfiguration is one of the most well-studied reconfiguraiton problems, defined as follows: In the problem, we are given two (vertex-)colorings of a graph using k colors, and asked to transform one into the other by recoloring only one vertex at a time, while at all times maintaining a proper coloring. The problem is known to be PSPACE-complete if k ≥ 4, and solvable for any graph in polynomial time if k ≤ 3. In this paper, we introduce a recolorability constraint on the k colors, which forbids some pairs of colors to be recolored directly each other. The recolorability constraint is given in terms of an undirected graph R such that each node in R corresponds to a color and each edge in R represents a pair of colors that can be recolored directly. Then, we show that this problem is solvable for any graph if R is of maximum degree at most two.


Introduction The objective of this study is to report a case of complete recovery of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer after spontaneous large serous RPE tear and explore the possible RPE repair mechanism. Case description A 63-year-old male patient developed serous detachment of the RPE in the macula of his left eye. During the follow-up period, an oval-shaped RPE tear spontaneously occurred in the macular area, and fundus autofluorescence showed that the torn area was 6.59 mm2. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed that the subretinal fluid had been absorbed and that the continuity of the RPE layer was gradually restored from the periphery to the center over the course of 9 months. Moreover, visual acuity (VA) in the left eye was restored to 20/20, and there was no significant difference in macular function between the two eyes, as measured by multifocal electroretinography, at the last follow-up. In addition, the patient received no special treatment during the entire follow-up period. Conclusion The integrity of the RPE layer can be restored completely after extensive RPE tear, and recovered RPE may allow the recovery of macular function.


Abstract The preparation and properties of soybean hulls are studied. The efficiency of chromium ions removal by soybean hulls from aqueous solutions is investigated. The experiment results showed that the quality of the dyehouse treated wastewater can meet the national requirements of the first grade of integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB 8978–1996) through this treatment. The experiment results indicated that the initial concentration of the metal ions, pH solutions, contact time, soybean hulls of different molecular weight could affect the efficiency of heavy metal ions removal. With soybean hulls of 2 g l−1 for 20 min, the removal rate of Cr(VI) was 91.991% at 30°C pH 2–3. The soybean hulls could be used repeatedly because the desorption rate of Cr(VI) was 95.01%. Soybean hulls are safe and environmentally-friendly natura1 products. The treating system could be managed conveniently and operated reliably.


Recently, it has been widely recognized that control and mechanical systems cannot be designed separately due to their tight interdependency. However, there still leaves much to be understood about 1) how the relationship between control and mechanical systems should be; and 2) what does the well-balanced coupling between these two systems bring to resulting behavior? In light of these facts, as an initial step toward this goal, this paper intensively discusses the coupling from the view point of the temporal contribution of control and mechanical systems to the resulting behavior, employing a simple pseudo-passive dynamic walking biped as a practical example. Preliminary results support that discrete control strategy, which effectively exploits diversity of motion trajectory, enables to enhance the robustness against external perturbation. To the best of our knowledge, this has never been explicitly discussed so far. Based on these results, this study proposes a pulsed-CPG that allows us to achieve the appropriate coupling between control and mechanical systems as well as to change the brain-body interaction adaptively according to the situation encountered.


The addition of heat stabilizers is essential for preventing the degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) during its processing. The heat stabilizers consumed in the first run have to be made up before the reprocessing of recycled PVC. In this study, solvent-cast films, which were prepared from granulated postconsumer PVC bottles mixed with plasticizers and thermal stabilizers, were used. The films were subjected to various heat treatments. No considerable structural change upon heat treatments at 140–160°C was found in IR and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. Polyene formation observed through ultraviolet analysis was not severe, indicating that the added stabilizers worked well in preventing degradation. The weight loss during the heat treatments was attributed partly to the decomposition of PVC and the evaporation of volatile components and mainly to the removal of the solvent upon heating. Although this study was conducted with water bottles that were to be recycled, it may be equally well applied to other similarly formulated PVC-based materials, such as packaging films. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3994–3999, 2003


BFB therapy makes a patient an active participant of therapeutical process and gives an opportunity of compensation of an actual for the modern medicine lack of a dialogue between therapeutist and patient. The therapy gives an opportunity of working with different aspects of patient's inquiry simultaneously: his physiological manifestations, influences of emotions and psychosemantics.


The digital prepress industry has been changing so fast since its relatively recent inception, that the graphic arts industry has always had to deal with paradigm shifts in the way it works. We are now at a point where customers have pretty much accepted the digitization of workflow, and the large percentage of digital input that the printing industry now gets is a proof of this. Digital technologies promise to change the way we work and improve our quality and productivity. This report deals with the concept of digital workflow—the technology available, the requirements that have to be met and how today's printers can adopt it. In today's prepress, digital input is far more prevalent than the conventional mechanical copy. We are fast reaching the goal of a hundred percent digital input, which would let us take advantage of emerging new technologies which are tailored to handle the digital input, rather than trying to make the digital input fit into the existing workflow. This, and the rising customer expectations of faster turnaround times, is making the streamlining of digital workflow a very important issue for everybody in the printing industry. The printing industry is technologically one of the fastest changing industries in the country. The most recent buzzwords are computer-to-plate (CTP), digital printing, and digital transmission of files. These technologies are geared to increase the quality and turnaround time of our jobs. But along with these obvious benefits, they threaten to change the very way that we were used to working. Those who can adapt will reap the benefits, and those who cannot will be left by the wayside. The usage of film in the Graphic Arts industry dates back to the time that one had to capture information from a mechanical or photograph using a camera. Now that we use have a digital description of the whole job in the form of a digital file, it is valid to question whether we have to remain with film. Film and digital files have co-existed for a substantial period of time, and we have gotten better and better results due to technological advancements both in the imaging mechanisms (imagesetters) and in the films themselves. But imaging films and re-imag-


Phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (PS-FBG) inscription in nonphotosensitive single mode fiber (SMF) by the fusion splicing technique and femtosecond laser is reported. Two SMFs are fusion spliced to introduce a refractive index modulation point which acts as a phase shift, then exposing the fusion spliced fiber with femtosecond laser and a uniform phase mask. Two dips can be observed in the transmission spectrum of inscribed grating, and the max induced refractive index modulation can reach to 4.2×10−4 without any fiber sensitization for a peak power density of 4.5×1013 W/cm2. The annealing tests show that type I PS-FBG is successfully inscribed. This type of grating also shows good strain and pressure characteristics. Such PS-FBGs can be potentially used for optical fiber lasers, filters and sensors.


Reaction of mer-[ReCl3(PMePh2)3] with PPh(CH2CH2PPh2)2(triphos) in refluxing toluene leads to the formation of [ReCl3(triphos)]1. Treatment of 1 with LiAlH4 in refluxing Et2O gives [ReH5(triphos)]2. Protonation of 2 with HBF4·OEt2 gives [ReH6(triphos)]+3. Deprotonation of 3 with NEt3 regenerates 2 quantitatively. The spectroscopic data for compound 3 suggest that it is near the classical/non-classical borderline but exists in solution as a single tautomer only. An estimate of 1.17 A for the H–H distance of the η2-H2 ligand in 3 was obtained from the T1 data and previous structural work.


Nowadays, the electronic control system has become more intelligent and advanced to make cars safer , more comfortable and environment-friendly. With this trend, it becomes more difficult for an electronic control unit to centrally control all the system in a vehicle, which leads to decentralized control by using the in-vehicle LAN or integrated control by multiple electronic control units. This paper introduces both our approaches to the development for the in-vehicle LAN system that is becoming crucial platform technology for the electronic control system, and our development of the gateway technology for networking that is one of our current development themes. Abstract Kaoru Noumi Susumu Nishihashi Yukio Ishikawa Junji Takahashi Approaches to the Development of the In-Vehicle LAN System Approaches to the Development of the In-Vehicle LAN System FUJITSU TEN TECH.


This paper introduces a hybrid non-linear Muskingum model for flood routing. The proposed hybrid model has more degrees of freedom for fitting observed data than other non-linear Muskingum models. ...


This African moral framework discusses distant poverty as human vulnerability. Contextually, if vulnerability means human frailty, relative to some opposing facts of life, and that poverty makes the human person frail, relative to some largely unrealized/unrealizable desirables without assistance, then distant poverty as human vulnerability invariably connects, significantly, with poor dependency: poor people are vulnerable as dependent on the assisting other. Some fundamental questions arise: 1) What is the ontology of distant poverty as human vulnerability? 2) In what ways does the idea of poverty as human vulnerability essentially and morally connect with the idea of dependency? 3) Is the issue of addressing the problem of distant poverty as human vulnerability a question of perfect or imperfect moral duty or both? 4) In what ways do the perfect or imperfect moral duty (or both) connect to positive and negative moral duties? 5) What moral framework best accommodates, all things considered, moral duties? Considering these questions, this work advances that African ethics (AE) as character ethics, fundamentally serves as a better moral framework, compared to the Western ethics (WE) that has dominated the debates on addressing the questions for years.


It is known that cavitation surge, which is a self-excited vibration caused by cavitation volume fluctuation, may occurs in a draft tube of a water turbine when it is operated under overload. In this study, a cavitation surge was generated by a swirling flow into a Venturi tube, and its dynamic characteristics and stability were evaluated using a one-dimensional model and a transfer matrix. In addition, the variation of the cavitation volume was calculated using the binarization process with a high speed camera and compared with CFD. As a result, it is possible to evaluate the period of the cavitation volume fluctuation by the binarization process, but it is difficult to evaluate its volume quantitatively. The magnitudes of the cavitation compliance and the mass flow gain factor decrease with the increase of the cavitation coefficient. The magnitudes of the mass flow gain factor also tend to decrease with decreasing swirl number. The phase of the mass flow gain factor tends to delay as the cavitation coefficient increases. It is found that the phase of the mass flow gain factor and the cavitation compliance are also important parameters for the stability.