The relevance of the research of digital economy problems and related concepts is determined by the fact that the share of industries that rely on digital technologies is constantly growing. There are processes of penetration of digital technologies into other spheres of society, in particular, into international trade and the organization of international deliveries on the basis of digital technologies, which radically change their technological structure. Some activities have already been completely transformed under the influence of digital technologies. It is to be expected that e-commerce will soon dominate at the household level, and approaches to the organization of trade itself will change greatly. At the same time, the dynamism of the digital economy and the diversity of its manifestations are the reason why many areas of the economy and the impact of digitalization on them remain poorly understood. One of such areas is the organization of international cargo delivery. This explains the choice of the topic of scientific research, the relevance of which does not require additional argumentation, because it is obvious.


The goal of linkage identification is to obtain the dependencies among decision variables. Such information or knowledge can be applied to design crossover operators and/or the encoding schemes in genetic and evolutionary methods. Thus, promising sub-solutions to the problem will be disrupted less likely, and successful convergence may be achieved more likely. To obtain linkage information, a linkage identification technique, called Inductive Linkage Identification (ILI), was proposed recently. ILI was established upon the mechanism of perturbation and the idea of decision tree learning. By constructing a decision tree according to decision variables and fitness difference values, the interdependent variables will be determined by the adopted decision tree learning algorithm. In this article, we aim to acquire a better understanding on the characteristics of ILI, especially its behaviour under problems composed of different-sized and different-type building blocks (BBs) which are not overlapped. Experiments showed that ILI can efficiently handle BBs of different sizes and is insensitive to BB types. Our experimental observations indicate the flexibility and the applicability of ILI on various elementary BB types that are commonly adopted in related experiments.


Literature on the psychological reaction to environments with and without windows is reviewed. It is concluded that acceptance of a windowless space is governed by the characteristics of the space itself. Beneficial qualities of windows include view, sunshine, daylight, and spaciousness. View appears critical in determining preferred size and shape of windows. The paper is an extended summary of NBS Building Science series publication 70.


This article describes the transformation of time into money in information technology consulting work. Using data collected through participant observation, this article illustrates the valorization of time, whereby time is transformed into units of value, known as billables. Focusing on the process of valorization provides new theoretical insight into the social construction of time as money. Routine billing practices help sustain the taken-for-granted equivalence of time and money, but these practices are strongly influenced by a variety of normative and situational factors. Billables are used by consulting firms to measure performance and control work, but the evidence presented here suggests that time-based measures of work and value can be somewhat arbitrary.


For a long time the influence of medicine on economics has held the centre ofthe stage: inflation ofcost, impact on social expenditures, and resulting inequities in services and shortages with consequent rationing, government measures aimed at cost containment and budgetary controls. A litany of complaints is heard from economists, against medicine and its practitioners. And a long list is then provided on what has to be done to rescue the nation's economy from inflated and uncontrollable medical costs. Now the shoe is about to be put on the other foot. This is the time to begin questioning what economics is doing, or is about to do, to medicine. In the USA the seemingly timid intrusion ofgovernment into paying for some, but hardly all, medical care services for a minor segment of the population, just 20 years ago, has turned out to have enormously fateful consequences for medicine and for society. Because Britain made a much bolder intrusion, providing, and not just paying for, total medical care services for the total population, one would have expected even heavier and more menacing consequences. The contrary is the truth. The lesser event bodes greater change for medical practice in the USA. However, Britain is threatened by its present political leadership, with an 'American solution' privatization. If the Tories succeed in imposing their political philosophy on the British people, diminishing, or perhaps even eliminating the National Health Service, British physicians may suffer the same fate that awaits their American colleagues. When the USA entered upon its experiments with Medicare and Medicaid, the fee-for-service system of reimbursement prevailed for doctors, and theper diem cost/charge reimbursement for hospitals. It is a leaky system, and before long, the inflationary nature of this method of reimbursement created a storm of controversy over the management or lack of it of this huge and apparently uncontrollable inflation. A variety of tentative measures were aimed at first reducing costs in hospitals, because there were the largest single segment of medical care cost along with the highest degree of inflation of these costs. These early efforts centred chiefly on utilization controls, and were not too successful. Eventually, however reluctantly, the government undertook to control the supply of hospital care reducing the reimbursement for aspects of services, and denying the hospitals heretofore easy opportunities to add beds, equipment or services. Eventually, just about 2 years ago, the government undertook the most drastic step of all, to fix payments by way of a complex reimbursement mechanism known as DRGs, an acronym for Diagnosis Related Groups. At the moment, hospitals are being paid on this controlled system, practically a budget, which is cumbersome and not entirely equitable, although it does offer a better measure of cost control. The hospitals that had difficulties in making ends meet before, are in worse trouble now city hospitals, with inadequate budgets, teaching hospitals with heavy loads of very sick patients. The government's controlled reimbursement is not shaded for the special problems. Community hospitals, which may be serving non-insured patients, suffer. Older and sicker patients are finding themselves out of hospital long before they are well enough to leave; others are not admitted, but 'dumped' elsewhere, because there is a suspicion on the part of the admitting officer that the patient may require longer stay or a greater concentration of care costing more than the flat sum, the DRG 'average', will allow. Yet, strangely enough, private hospitals (those operating under private ownership, for profit) prosper. And chains of private hospitals, so enormously wealthy that shares are being sold on their activities in the stock market, are buying up these failing hospitals. The regulatory system allows a percentage over costs (profit margin), because after all, America is the premier capitalist country! The for-profit institutions they call themselves 'investor-owned' restrict their services to the care ofpaying and insured patients. The poor and non-insured are left to be looked after by the local government or community hospitals. Eventually, ifthe government reimbursement policy becomes even


There is a lot of map data needed to be addressed in the system which is based on WebGis. Furthermore the map data and the results need to be communicated between the server and client,so it requires a large amount of data transmission which can causing the user web browser delayed. Introcducing Ajax technology,separating a big map into a number of small sub-section, designing local map shows algorithm efficiently, the client and server exchange only need to update the slice, no longer to reload the unnecessary data,On the map display and can handle the process of reducing the effective data transmission network


A series of disperse dyes containing a formyl group were synthesized from diazonium salts of 2-amino-4-chloro-5-formylthiazole,then a series of disperse dyes containing a cyanovinyl were obtained by condensation of active methylene compounds with these dyes.The structures of dyes were characterized and absorption spectra of dyes were measured.The results showed that λmax and emax were increased when a cyanovinyl connected in a dye.


The present invention relates to a condensing steam turbine exhaust line monitoring humidity, characterized in that it is provided in the steam turbine exhaust steam pipe, constituted by the probe, the cable and the cable sealing device, the data acquisition control means and the power supply lead. All of the sensors and the probe heating wire leads are connected to the cable is withdrawn from the low-pressure cylinder through the cable sealing device, coupled to the data acquisition control means. The data acquisition window display control device, a microcontroller micro-printer, conditioning plate resistance, voltage regulator modules, relay, AC contactor, watchdog circuit, a liquid crystal-based hardware keyboard systems, and data acquisition, data filtering , data analysis, the software-based control subroutine heating system voltage regulation, humidity, and other components is calculated. Two outer probe tube surface of the ceramic layer is heated, Teflon-coated skin layer is wound carbon fiber heating wire, the outer layer of the wire rope is wound silicate insulation, enables long-term continuous online monitoring Wetness high measuring accuracy .


Privacy preserving data mining aims to prevent the violation of privacy that might result from mining of sensitive data. This is commonly achieved by data anonymization. One way to anonymize data is adherence to the k-anonymity concept which requires that the probability to identify an individual by linking databases not to exceed 1/k. In this paper we propose an algorithm which utilizes rough set theory to achieve k-anonymity. The basic idea is to partition the original dataset into several disjoint reducts such that each one of them adheres to k-anonymity. We show that it is easier to make each reduct comply with k-anonymity if it does not contain all quasi-identifier attributes. Moreover, our procedure ensures that even if the attacker attempts to rejoin the reducts, the kanonymity is still preserved.


Purpose – The authors aim to review a five‐year multi‐study research programme on the role of public dialogue in the social and cultural sustainability of biotechnology developments in New Zealand.Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a critical review of all the published research products from a five‐year government‐funded study of the cultural and social aspects of sustainable biotechnology in New Zealand.Findings – The review research highlights how New Zealand Government policies on biotechnology, which motivated the research programme, were fore‐grounded on economic progress and competitive positioning. Thus, debate on sustainable biotechnology issues became cast in economic and technical terms, while public dialogue became seen as diversionary and unsubstantiated. The analysis concludes that the programme was ineffective in influencing government policy and fell victim to the very problem of science governance that its purpose was designed to address.Research limitations/implications ...


In this paper,the necessity of implementing enterprise application integration(EAI) is put forward after analyzing the present situation of current enterprise information process.Then,the solution of enterprise application integration is pro posed by using J2EE-based integration platform and Web Services technology.


The speed of processing in simple number tasks, such as magnitude comparison ("which number is larger?"), reveals much about the cognitive representation of numbers. Three effects, in particular, point to a "mental number line" as the universal representation of number meaning in our minds. First, we usually find that the time to discriminate two numbers decreases with increasing numerical distance between them: we know that 8 is larger than 2 before we know that 4 is larger than 2. This distance effect holds regardless of number format (digits, words, dot patterns, Roman numerals), stimulus modality (visual, auditory), or response modality (verbal, button press). Second, if we hold the distance between numbers constant (as in the pairs 4 − 2 vs. 8 − 6) we need less time to process small than large numbers, and are also more accurate (the size effect). Finally, varying their spatial arrangement (4 − 2 vs. 2 − 4) often reveals faster responses with smaller numbers on the left and larger numbers on the right side. This spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect does, however, depend on cultural factors.

Keywords:

cognition;
problem solving


This paper examines the appropriate tax treatment for financial products that combine loans for equity investment together with protection against capital loss. Techniques for separating out the stand-alone costs of the various components of the products are explained. The tax benefits from being able to claim a smaller than appropriate share of total costs as being due to the protection component, which is treated as a capital item, are demonstrated. It is argued that the loan interest component allowable as a deductible expense for tax purposes should (for 100 per cent protection products) be based on a risk free interest rate. The approach adopted by the Australian Tax Office in 2003 for identifying the protection and interest expense components is shown to overestimate the interest expense component, to the benefit of the taxpayer.


A comprehensive lifetime reliability database is developed to decrease the cost of ownership of traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) used in radar and communications systems. The reason for failure is examined to evaluate the frequencies of poor design, inadequate testing procedure, and/or improper storage and handling. Environmental conditions and operational times are important, and a TWT instrumentation package is described that allows recordkeeping for the appropriate parameters. The lifetime of the tubes is related to the quality of the vacuum in the device, degradation of the thermionic cathode, and the environmental variables. Vacuum monitoring techniques are presently being developed, a cathode-life testing facility is in use, and a basic research program studies advanced thermionics and nonperturbing thermionics. High-reliability TWTs are important to the continued successful use of existing technologies in the aerospace field.


The cast-in-place concrete Fabricated Hollow-ribbed floor is a new type floor framing system.This article introduced the cast-in-place concrete Fabricated Hollow-ribbed floor structure,has derived the eighth order partial differential equation and drawn some valuable conclusions.The result of the method of sandwich plate is proved to be in good agreement with the finite element model result.


To explore the soil physical and chemical properties in regards to the vegetation community of urban forest,and to inquire the relationship between soil and the vegetation from the urban ecology angle,soil was collected from park green spaces,road green belts,residential areas,and green space affiliated to units within the external circle highway of Shanghai City.Based on the community structure,a system of 6 forest types consists of evergreen broad-leaved forest,deciduous broadleaved forest,evergreen coniferous forest,deciduous needle-leaf forest,evergreen shrub forest and deciduous shrub forest was determined.And the polts were ascertained according to the fan-shaped grid method of landscape pattern.Physicochem-ical properties were measured at soil depths of 0-10,10-20,and 20-30 cm.Results showed that av-erage soil organic matter(SOM) above 30 cm was 15.52 g.kg-1,average total nitrogen(TN) was 3.78 g.kg-1,and average total phosphorus(TP) was 1.13 g.kg-1.SOM and TN in the surface layer were rich and gradual-ly decreased with depth,but TP did not show a gradual downward trend.Soil density was between 1.44-1.60 g.cm-3.Because average SOM,TN,and TP in the top 30 cm of urban green belt soil in Shanghai were low and compaction had increased soil density,measures are needed to improve fertility levels,espe-cially in the newly-established green belts,to enhance the nutrient content and increase the landscape effect.


The human beings have gone through political times, economic times and cultural t imes chronologically. In all times, human development depends on the development o f productivity. In political times, the productivity becomes effective by politica l power, in economic times by economic power and in cultural times by cultural pow er. In a narrow sense, the cultural power displays the forces of mans idea, know ledge and wisdom which form the critical elements of productivity.In cultural ti mes,the enterprise is culturalized and the culture is industrialized. The culture will be the crux for the enterprise to win in the severe market competition .The enterprise cultural power gives it great managerial force,organizing force,deci sion-making force, cohesive force, spreading force, exploiting force and marketing force, etc. With the advent of cultural times,the enterprise has changed basicall y and its cultural power will give it endless active energy.


Mainland China has been acknowledged as one of the major emerging markets by the Australian inbound tourism industry. The Chinese tourism market to Australia has developed dramatically. However, little research has been conducted with regard to the nature of the market and its implications for Australian tourism product suppliers and marketers. Developing previous research which was conducted in 1999, this paper provides updated insights into the nature of this market, further discussion of Australia as a preferred destination for Chinese tourists and an updated analysis of the challenges Australia will be likely to face in the near future to maintain and enhance its attractiveness to Chinese visitors.


Reversible binding of 5-(dimethylamino)-naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (DNS) to human and bovine serum albumin has been monitored by changes in fluorescence intensity, wavelength maxima, and polarization. DNS has only one major binding site (ka = 5 x 10(6)) and one minor site (ka = 3 x 10(5)) on these proteins. The probe is competitively displaced from its high-affinity site by medium chain fatty acids and by N-acetyl-L-tryptophan. The binding site for DNS is highly hydrophobic and is considerably less polar than the hydrocarbon region of lipid bilayers. Resonance energy transfer indicates that the binding site is located 20.7 +/- 2 A from the single tryptophan residue of human serum albumin.


The prognosis of melanoma is extremely poor. There are no biomarker that indicate the prognosis. The indirect markers of the anti-tumoral response such as the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), derived NLR (dNLR), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) etc. have recently begun to be emphasized. Increased NLR, PLR and dNLR as a consequence of chronic inflammation have been found to be associated with poor prognosis in many cancers. The aim of this study is explore the role of this parameters in patients with early-stage melanoma. We retrospectively evaluated 120 patients admitted to our clinic with stage I-III melanoma with ANC, ALC, absolute platelet count(APC), as well as NLR, dNLR, and PLR values at the time of diagnosis, relaps and metastasis and evaluate their impact on prognosis. Patients with active infection, receiving steroids, with a chronic inflammatory disease that may alter the hematological parameters, and those with another malignancy other than melanoma were excluded. The median follow-up was 52 months. OS and DFS were significantly worse in patients with an NLR above 2.84. Also, in patients with a dNLR value above 1.96 (p= 0.007). The were no relationship between PLR value, OS and DFS, and between gender and OS. OS was significantly lower in patients over 65 years of age (p< 0.001). These results suggested that haematological parameters can be used to estimate the prognosis of melanoma. These results suggested that haematological parameters can be used to estimate the prognosis of melanoma.


This paper analyzes the principles of developing courseware and then,discusses the methods on how to enable multimedia courseware to have increasingly vital forces.


Background: After alcohol and gallstones, hypertriglyceridemia is the third most common cause of acute pancreatitis (AP). Hypertriglyceridemia is triglyceridemia concentration >150mg/dl (1.7mmol/l). Severe hypertriglyceridemia >1000mg/dl (11.3 mmol/l) is considered the cause of AP. Objectives: To compare some clinical and subclinical features and results of treatment of AP with two levels of hypertriglyceridemia <11.3mmol/l and >I1.3mmol/l at the Department of General Internal Medicine in Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 33 patients who were admitted to the hospital with hypertriglyceridemia-induced AP. Results: Clinical symptoms and some laboratory tests did not differ between the two groups. Statistically significant differences occurred in the 2 groups as blood CRP value with p=0.009, low sodium levels 134.22±4.73mmol/l and high BMI levels 26.63±5.15kg/m2 in the group with TG ≥ 11.3 mmol/l. The rate of amylase increased 3 times in the high-TG group was 85.2%. Both groups had elevated glucose and LDH levels respectively, with 10.56±5.13 mmol/l and 310.64±206.01U/L. Ultrasound diagnosis of acute pancreatitis reached 100%, CTSI and BISAP index were high in the group with TG ≥11.3mmol/l. The days of using insulin and staying in the hospital were significantly different, with p=0.004 and p=0.014. Conclusions: Comparing the 2 groups of acute pancreatitis with blood TG <11.3mmol/l and ≥11.3mmol/l, there was no difference in clinical symptoms. Mean values of sodium, BMI and blood CRP (p=0.009) were different between the two groups of acute pancreatitis. Treatment results in days of using insulin and staying in the hospital had statistically significant differences between the 2 groups.


Bacterial pneumonias are frequently associated with pleuropulmonary infections. Although most of these infections are treated with appropriate antibiotic treatment, complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema represent the two situations where surgical interventions should be considered. In early stages with selected patients and close follow-up, the use of fibrinolytic agents has become a safe treatment modality. These fibrinolytic agents include streptokinase, urokinase and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) and are used for the breakdown of the fibrinous tissue where drainage has been ineffective. Deoxyribonuclease is another enzyme used to decrease the viscosity of pleural effusion and promote drainage via chest tubes. Although there are many different studies regarding fibrinolytic treatment with different results, it is generally accepted that in the early stage where antibiotic treatment and chest tube drainage have been unsuccessful and the clinical status and radiology progress, another option should be to lyse the fibrinous bands and increase drainage. This treatment protocol was accepted as C levelbased evidence at the consensus guideline meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)/ American Thoracic Society (ATS) where fibrinolytic treatment, videoassisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and surgery were determined to be acceptable strategies with lower mortality rates and no need for secondary intervention for phase 3 and 4 parapneumonic effusions.


Non-sulphur nitrogen fertilizer use, soil profile, pH and physico-chemical properties contribute to soil sulphur deficiency so distribution of different forms of sulphur in soil profiles of twelve locations in Ogun and Oyo states, Southwestern Nigeria was investigated to know their status with respect to the soil depths of samples derived from sedimentary and igneous/metamorphic rocks comprising of Alfisols (8 profiles) and Ultisols (4 profiles). These were collected at four different soil depths of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm and 6080 cm respectively from savanna and forest vegetation zones. The soil physico-chemical properties of pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, CEC, clay, silt and sand were determined using standard analytical methods and correlated with the different forms of sulphur (available, organic and total). The results showed that both the available, organic and the total S were positively correlated with these parameters (r = 0.905**) and (r = 0.590**) respectively. The status of the different forms of S fell below the critical limits of 10 mg/kg and as a result, farmers are advised to apply sulphur-containing fertilizers in these soils so as to obtain maximum yields in their crops particularly for leguminous plants.


In a previous paper we establish the equality between accounting numbers and information in a classical Arrow-Debreu economy. One of the conditions is complete market, that is, there exists an Arrow-Debreu security for every possible state realization. In this paper, we relax this condition and establish the equality between accounting numbers and information by exploring quantum information and measurement mathematics. In the revised domain expanded relationship, von Neumann entropy replaces Shannon entropy to capture the information effect.


The original idea of founding the New Mexico Geological iociety was conceived in early 1947 by Vincent C. Kelley, 'rofessor of Geology at the University of New Mexico, and 2aswell Silver and Gordon H. Wood, Jr., both UNM geology Ilumni (Northrop, 1969). On April 12, 1947 a group of 89 ;eologists met at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerslue and organized the Geological Society of New Mexico. The )resent Constitution and By-Laws containing major revisions o the original instruments were adopted by the Membership )n November 17, 1967. The Geological Society was granted lonprofit corporate status by the State Corporation Commission and the name officially became The New Mexico Geolog-cal Society, Inc. on December 21, 1967 (New Mexico Geo-ogical Society, Inc., 1968, p. 202-205; Northrop, 1969, p. 15).


A double cigarette packet pushing mechanism of a cigarette cellophane paper packager comprises a frame, a double push rod component, a rotating shaft, a camshaft, a deflector rod, a push frame plate, a first transverse connecting rod, a second vertical connecting rod and a rocker block, wherein the double push rod component is arranged on the frame and is provided with a push shaft; the rotating shaft and the camshaft are arranged on the frame in a penetrating manner, and a cam is arranged on the camshaft; the head part of the deflector rod is hinged with the rotating shaft, and the tail part of the deflector rod is matched with the cam; the push frame plate is fixedly connected on the push shaft, and a vertical guide shaft is further arranged on the push frame plate and sleeved by a push plate; and the rocker block is hinged on the rotating shaft, the head part of the first connecting rod is hinged with the rocker block, the tail part of the first connecting rod is hinged with the head part of the second connecting rod, and the tail part of the second connecting rod is hinged with the push plate. In the operating process, the push plate is in contact with a cigarette packet only when pushing the cigarette packet into a heating component, thereby being completely prevented from scratching the cigarette packet.


Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) has 5 reservoirs with lip embankment construction higher than the normal water level and have steep elevations with different catchment areas (DTA). By using the Google Earth Pro software, it is known that DTA reservoirs A, B, C, D, and E are respectively 1.728 ha; 1,146 ha; 1,052 ha; 0.844 ha; and 9.562 ha. This study aims to determine the potential energy that might be generated from the 5 reservoirs while still considering the integrity of the ecosystem. The power plant is in the form of a Pico hydro power plant that can be used as a power plant practicum media by Itera students, especially electrical engineering study program students. The power plant's rapid pipe is designed to be installed 1 meter below the normal water level and the operating time is based on the rain discharge that is accommodated by the reservoir in one month. The method used is field observation, rainfall data collection, calculations using practical rational methods and hydropower hydraulics. The results of data processing of five reservoirs owned by ITERA show that the greatest potential that can be used as a source of electricity generation is reservoirs E. The analysis shows that the discharge capacity of 0.216 m3 / s and an effective head of 5.46 m can produce an electric power generated of 7,071 kW with operational time at April.


Egypt is a very arid country, where only 3.4% of the area is inhabited. Water is a major constraint to the country's development. This paper reviews surface and groundwater availability in Egypt, various types of water users and requirements and current water use policy. The role of reuse of treated wastewater and drainage water in satisfying the country's future water demands is outlined. Water quality and environmental aspects of surface and groundwater development are also discussed.


X‐ray, magnetic susceptibility, and epr investigations of bis‐piperidinium tetrachlorocuprate (C5H10NH2)2CuCl4 indicate that it is a complicated structure of CuCl4= chains and ribbons separated by piperidinium groups and that it exhibits weak antiferromagnetism with J/k approximately −0.8 °K. The space group is Pc and the unit cell data are a=8.218 A, b=16.924 A, c=12.186 A, and β=100.5°. The possibilities of magnetic dimensionality transitions and disordering as a function of temperature are discussed.


In September 2018, a controversial judicial sentence concerning sexual violence caused a public outcry in Portugal. The court decision invoked the alleged environment of mutual seduction, the use of much alcohol consumption, and the lack of serious injuries to justify the suspended penalty. Stemming from the idea that understandings of what journalism is and what it should be are profoundly ideological and that notions of what it means to be and to behave like a woman and as a man have been developed (and altered over time) based on shifting realities within generalised patriarchal structures, this article intends to critically analyse the news media coverage of the controversial judicial sentence on this rape case in Portugal exploring the implications objective-based journalism entails for gender equality. As such, it will identify the shortcomings of objectivity and its leeway when covering sexual violence exploring how objective-based journalism provides room to (re)negotiate practices, norms, identities, and meanings concerning sexual violence, particularly rape and rape myths, and questioning whether a margin of maneuvre is enough to deconstruct patriarchal assumptions of feminity, masculinity and sexuality.


How to improve query efficiency in cryptograph database is an essential problem in database encryption technology. As one kind of methods for improving cryptograph query efficiency in database, existing cryptograph index technologies suffer from two main problems: low query hit rate and lack of information disclosure measures. In this paper, we propose a new cryptograph index method based on the probability distribution of queries. We first define the conception of whole-wrong-hit expectation. Then a complex bucket-partition cryptograph index technology, which is used for nonequiprobable query, and a cryptograph query strategy are presented. Finally, information disclosure can be measured and eliminated using a k-anonymity based method. Experimental results demonstrate the improvement of our proposed method over the existing partition algorithms.


We started to write this book as a survey of witch-hunting; it took on a new shape as our understanding of early modern witches and witchcraft changed and expanded. Parts of this work have gone through several mutations: a Master's thesis, course materials, and various conference papers. We have preserved early modern orthography, punctuation and syntax in quotations and titles, and provided explanations as necessary. We should like to thank Jeremy Black, Rick Bowers, Thomas A. Brady, Jr., Linda Bridges, Angeles Espinaco-Virseda, Beth Forrest, George Frost (the PhotoShop whiz), Brad Gregory, Michael Hawkins, Johannes Heil, John Kitchen, Chris Mackay, Julian Martin, Yoshie Mitsuyoshi, Christopher Ocker, Markus Reisenleitner, Petra Seegets, Jennifer Selwyn, Dennis Sweeney, the students of History 300 (autumn term 2000) and History 615 (winter 2002), the staff of Manchester University Press, and the anonymous reader commissioned by MUP for their help, comments, constructive criticism and encouragement; and the University of Alberta and its Department of History and Classics for material support. Any errors are, of course, our own. We also thank the staff of the Bruce Peel Special Collections Library at the University of Alberta and the Houghton Library at Harvard University. Finally, our families deserve our deep gratitude for their support and patience. prelims 21/12/04 8:46 am Page ix


Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging arboviral disease and represents a global health threat because of the unprecedented magnitude of its spread. Diagnostics strategies rely heavily on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibody detection by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) are available and promise to decentralize testing and increase availability at lower healthcare system levels. Objectives We aim to identify the extent of research on CHIKV RDTs, map the global availability of CHIKV RDTs, and evaluate the accuracy of CHIKV RDTs for the diagnosis of CHIKV. Eligibility criteria We included studies reporting symptomatic individuals suspected of CHIKV, tested with CHIKV RDTs, against the comparator being a validated laboratory-based RT-PCR or ELISA assay. The primary outcome was the accuracy of the CHIKV RDT when compared with reference assays. Sources of evidence Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched from inception to October 13th , 2021. National regulatory agencies (European Medicines Agency, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency) were also searched for registered CHIKV RDTs. Results Eighteen studies were included and corresponded to 3722 samples tested with RDTs between 2005-2019. The most development stage of CHIKV RDTs studies was phase I (7/18 studies) and II (7/18 studies). No studies were in phase IV. The countries that manufacturer the most CHIKV RDTs were Brazil (n=17), followed by the USA (n=7), and India (n=6). Neither at EMA nor FDA, registered products were found. Conversely, the ANVISA has approved 23 CHIKV RDTs. Antibody RDTs (n=43) predominated and demonstrated sensitivity between 20% and 100%. The sensitivity of the antigen RDTs ranged from 33.3 to 100%. Conclusions The landscape of CHIKV RDTs is fragmented and needs coordinated efforts to ensure that patients in CHIKV-endemic areas have access to appropriate RDTs. Further research is crucial to determine the impact of such tests on integrated fever case management and prescription practices for acute febrile patients.


Effect of vitamin D 3 supplementation on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fructosamine, serum lipids, and body mass index: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial among healthy immigrants living in Norway. ▸ Additional material is available. To view please visit the journal online (http://dx. ABSTRACT Objective: Despite the suggested role of vitamin D in the prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease or its risk factors, the evidence is not consistent and there is a paucity of randomized controlled trials in this field. We aimed to investigate the effect of 16-week daily vitamin D 3 supplementation on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fructosamine, body mass index (BMI), and serum lipids. Participants: 251 healthy adults aged 18–50 years with a non-Western immigrant background. All participants performed the baseline test and 215 (86%) returned to the follow-up test.


In order to improve the gas outburst elimination effect of the gas pre-drained seam,a borehole pressure releasing and permeability improvement technology with the varied diameter borehole was provided and an experiment study was conducted on the boreholes applied to the seam opening in the downward gateway.With the downward borehole passed through strata applied to the cut shot and borehole reaming,the actual coal production from the drilling would be relatively increased and the pressure releasing influence scope of the borehole would be increased.The coal deformation and permeability around the borehole would be increased and the gas drainage effect would be obviously improved.It would be a value of the promotion and application to the outburst elimination practices in the low permeability and high gassy outburst seam.


Change in organizations can be frequent, but change is not always necessary. In pursuit of innovation, and at times their own agenda, leaders who exhibit a pseudotransformational leadership style can have a catastrophic effect on the workplace. Promoting change under the guise of innovation benefits self and not the organization and sponsors a workplace in turmoil. These leaders practice organizational laundering, which is proposed as an introductory term resulting from employing a combination of destructive and pseudotransformational leadership styles in an attempt to be innovative and make organizational change.


The presented work investigated the feasibility of utilizing electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag in open-graded friction course (OGFC) mixes. The existing level of investigation on the use of industrial wastes, especially steel slag, in the production of OGFC mixes, is very limited, particularly in developing countries. To fill this gap, this study evaluated the OGFC mixes with EAF steel slag as a replacement of conventional natural aggregates. Mixes with five ratios of natural aggregate to EAF slag were evaluated. The ratios were 100:0 (control), 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. These five mix combinations were evaluated with two types of modified binder (polymer-modified binder and crumb rubber–modified binder). Performance and volumetric parameters, such as stone-on-stone contact criteria, air void content, unaged abrasion loss, aged abrasion loss, and binder draindown, were evaluated for OGFC mixes with and without EAF slag. Results indicated that EAF steel slag as a coarse aggregate improves the performance of OGFC mixes. Abrasion loss results showed that the durability of OGFC mixes with EAF slag is better than those with the conventional natural aggregates. Statistical analysis was performed through analysis of variance to examine the significance of binder content and slag replacement percentage.


Pastorals or tragerias are popular plays characteristic of Zuberoa. Even nowadays they are staged every year by amateur actors during festivals. Additionally, pastorals are experiencing increased attention as objects of study. Nevertheless, many manuscripts from the XVIII and XIXth centuries are still unpublished. In this paper we include an edition for one these manuscripts. It contains a version of the pastoral Edipa and was written in 1793 by Jean Mekol de Garindane. This play is named after the famous Greek mythological character, but it includes passages from the whole Theban cycle. As far as we know, a pastoral under this name was staged in Zuberoa in 1759 for the first time and in 1816 for the last time. Undoubtedly, this is an important play for the study of how a classical tradition subject was received in the Basque Country.


Abstract Novel heterocyclic enamine derivatives based on skeleton of neonicotinoids were designed and prepared by the substitution reaction between heterocyclic enamines with intermediates of neonicotinoids, which provides readily accessible neonicotinoid analogs for potential bioactivity assay.


This paper ,taking lorentz covariant equation and retarded potential as starting point, is to discuss the motion and radiation of electron under circumstance of strong magnetic field in magnetic lager of pulsar surface . According to the measured data and parameters of Astrophysics, the concrete form of curvature radiation expression ,the numerical value of critical and peak frequencies are presented here.


Boron‐substituted graphene decorated with potassium metal atoms was considered as a novel material for hydrogen storage. Density functional theory calculations were used to model key properties of the material, such as geometry, hydrogen packing, and hydrogen adsorption energy. We found that the new material has extremely high hydrogen storage capacity: 22.5 wt%. It is explained by high‐density packing of hydrogen molecules into hydrogen layers with specific geometry. In turn, such geometry is determined by the composition and topology of the material. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Lipid biochemists often need to analyze total cellular lipids as well as cellular messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. Conventionally, different cell samples are used for extraction of each class of biomolecule. Here, we describe a procedure for the simultaneous isolation of both total cellular lipids and total RNA from the same sample. The method is based on the fact that mild organic solvents efficiently extract lipids but do not disrupt/degrade cellular RNA. This procedure not only reduces the time and expense of analysis, but also allows a direct investigation of any correlation between lipid and transcript levels. While this method has only been applied in fibroblasts, prior delipidation of samples may be useful for extraction of nucleic acids from lipid-rich cells such as adipocytes. However, its application to other eukaryotic cell types needs to be tested. The method may not be useful in plant cells or bacterial cells, which are structurally quite different from eukaryotic cells.


This study examined the correlational relationships between measures of flexibility and economy (E) during submaximal skate roller skiing in collegiate cross-country skiers. Twelve male competitive skiers (Mean±SD: 21±3 years) completed seven flexibility tests including total body rotation, lateral flexion of spine, shoulder rotation, standing and lying horizontal hip abduction, modified sit-and-reach test, and passive leg raise. During a second lab visit, subjects performed three 10-min roller skiing trials at 65%, 75%, and 85% of maximal heart rate (HR) on an oval indoor track while submaximal oxygen consumption (VO2) and HR were measured via a portable metabolic system. Two methods were used to define roller skiing E: 1) The slopes of the regression lines between VO2 and HR with roller skiing speed for each subject (i.e., VO2 and HR slopes); 2) The predicted VO2 and HR from the individual regression lines when solved for common "slow" (248 m/min) and "fast" (309 m/min) roller skiing speeds. Using Pearson product-moment correlations, there were no significant correlational relationships between any measure of flexibility with any measure of E (r = -0.42 to 0.68). These results suggest that flexibility is not a determinant of submaximal skate roller skiing E in collegiate male cross-country skiers.


> Wonder is the seed of knowledge.
>
> Francis Bacon

We are pleased by the interest our manuscript has generated. Shears's interpretation of our data (1) demonstrates the constructive discussion necessary to enable forward progress in the exciting and still nascent concept of protein pyrophosphorylation by inositol pyrophosphates. In his letter (2), Shears interprets the in vitro back-pyrophosphorylation of AP3B1 by [32P]IP7 data as a potential indication of inositol pyrophosphates' regulation of casein-kinase II (CK2). In his view, CK2 activity could be augmented in the absence of IP7, better priming AP3B1 for subsequent in vitro pyrophosphorylation by IP7 (3). In this scenario, …

1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dmcbado{at}ucl.ac.uk.


We show that, within some modified gravity theories, such as the Palatini models, the nonlinear nature of the field equations implies that the usual naïve averaging procedure (replacing the microscopic energy–momentum by its cosmological average) could be invalid. As a consequence, the relative motion of particles in Palatini theories is actually indistinguishable from that predicted by general relativity. Moreover, there is no WEP violation. Our new and most important result is that the cosmology and astrophysics, or put more generally, the behaviours on macroscopic scales, predicted by these two theories are the same, and as a result the naturalness problems associated with the cosmological constant are not alleviated. Palatini gravity does however predict alterations to the internal structure of particles and the particle physics laws, e.g., corrections to the hydrogen energy levels. Measurements of which place strong constraints on the properties of viable Palatini gravities.


Williams killed Joyce's giants. In the cyclical structure and redemptive vision of Finnegans Wake, Joyce's giants had enjoyed immortality. But it was short lived. In his uses of the Wake in the composition of his American epic Paterson between 1946 and 1958, William Carlos Williams ensured that the cast of the Wake had a chance to meet the same fate as the rest of us. In the first book of Paterson, a reader of the Wake (in a state of chronic untreated insomnia) will encounter a familiar cast of characters: man/city and his mate, twin boys, and a spectrum of young women. But with a difference. Joyce's and Williams's constructions of character mirror their poetics in that Joyce's characters accumulate identities while Williams's disintegrate. Vike Plock has described Wakean characters as "transhistorical," while Richard Lehan and Robert Spoo have called them "superimposed."2 Scarlett Baron sees Wakean intertextuality, which shapes character as well as form, as mosaic.3 All of these observations rightly gesture toward a gathering. Although Robert Lowell has famously


the city development plan, in this case the smart city master plan, ideally needs to be synchronized with the spatial plan so that implementing of development runs in harmony with the use of space


Abstract. Extreme temperatures were experienced over a large part of the Northern Hemisphere during the 2018 boreal summer (hereafter referred to as "NH2018 event"), leading to major impacts on agriculture and society in the affected countries. Previous studies highlighted both the anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns during the event and the background warming due to human greenhouse gas emissions as main drivers of the event. In this study, we present Earth system model experiments investigating different storylines of the NH2018 event given the same atmospheric circulation and alternative background global warming for no human imprint, the 2018 conditions, and different mean global warming levels 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 ∘C. The results reveal that the human-induced background warming was a strong contributor to the intensity of the NH2018 event, and that resulting extremes under similar atmospheric circulation conditions at higher levels of global warming would reach dangerous levels. Compared to 9 % during the NH2018 event, about 13 % (34 %) of the inhabited or agricultural area in the investigated region would reach daily maximum temperatures over 40 ∘C under 2 ∘C (4 ∘C) of global warming and similar atmospheric circulation conditions.


PURPOSE: To provide a recovering method of metal content in metallurgical slag deposited material or slag fine powder by a suspension melting method remarkably improving heat efficiency and having high profitability. CONSTITUTION: This recovering method is that for recovering valuable metals contained in various kinds of the metallurgical slag deposited material and fine powder and further, that for forming the producing material, slag deposited material or fine powder suitable for the following treatment and having slightly solubility. A method for recovering the valuable metal and forming the producing material having the slightly solubility, are executed in a suspension melting furnace and a method for melting the deposited material and the fine powder, is mainly executed with a reduction. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


Environmental rights and interests mean the legal interests including sunshine right,cleaning air right,cleaning water right and fine scenery right. Environmental torts don't do harm to environmental rights and interests,while infringements of environmental rights do harm to environmental rights and interests.Environmental rights and interests can't be relieved by the law of torts,and it is relieved only by environmental law and other public laws.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of "Zhiyang Lotion" in the treatment of anal eczema.Methods Seventy-six subjects were randomized into two groups:treatment group in which 41 cases were treated by "Zhiyang Lotion" and control group in which 35 cases were treated by Triamcinolone acetonide econazole cream.The clinical efficacy and relapse rate were observed.Results The clinical efficacy was better in the treatment group than in the control group(P0.05);six-month survey found that the relapse rate was 2.56% in the treatment group and 13.33% in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion "Zhiyang Lotion" is quite effective for anal eczema,with low relapse rate.


Eosinophilic granuloma of the jaws is rarely seen clinically and lack of specificity in clinical and radiographic presentation. The misdiagnosis rate of this disease is high, often made it not be treated in time. This review was to introduce the recent research progress about clinical and radiographic presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of eosinophilic granuloma of jaws.


To perform differential testing without great expense, we implemented a full environment manager ("River Raft") and a full test suite ("Raft Monkey"), all of which can run on one machine. River Raft uses Docker containers to easily create isolated black-box Raft servers without the expense of multiple machines; further, it allows the programmatic creation of network partitions between these instances. Raft Monkey generates and feeds clusters the sets of client commands, individual server failures, and arbitrary network partitions to allow differential analysis; a "diabolical" mode runs the worst possible legal set of clients to force potential issues. Our work builds on tools like Jepsen to allow plug-and-play, low-cost network partition and node failure testing for implementations of the Raft protocol. 2 Introduction


Abstract : The effects of dieldrin poisoning on the liver were compared in cold-adapted rats and normal rats. One-fourth of the cold-adapted rats succumbed to the poisoning while all of the normal rats survived. There were minimal fat deposits in both groups, but the cold-adapted rats were least affected. By contrast, cytoplasmic RNA was altered to a greater extent in the cold-adapted rats, although with both the changes were located periportally. Another stain that is probably specific for secondary amines was increased in both treated groups but was decreased in cold adaptation. (Author)


This paper presents a logical fault model, the single gate logical fault with Hamming distance 1 (HISGLF) model, designed to enhance the defect coverage of test sets. Although some characteristics of the HISGLF model are similar to those of the single stuck-at fault (SSAF) model, a test set derived from the HISGLF model is capable of covering more defects than one derived from the SSAF model. Most of the existing ATPGs for the SSAF model can be easily modified for the H1SGLF model. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the fault model.


Atmosphere improving tape for a package (10) is of a thermoplastic resin layer (10B) of the outside surrounding the atmosphere improving layer (10A) and the atmosphere improving layer in the inside of the rectangular shape. Atmosphere improving layer (10A) contains an atmosphere improving material such as an oxygen scavenger. Misuse of the atmosphere improving material is not caused commitment is missing, the freedom to choose the packaging materials, there is no load on the environment. And excellent in molding can easily be given to the atmosphere improving.


The viscosities of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and Veegum HV gels for use in vaginal contraceptives were determined as a function of concentration storage time and sheer rate during measurement. Viscosities were measured on a Rheometrics Mechanical Spectrometer with parallel plates in dynamic mode at 10 different frequencies. Both gels became more viscous with increasing concentration. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Ph.Jug. IV) concentrations from 5 to 10% were measured as a function of sheer rate. The highest complex dynamic viscosity was recorded at 8% concentration. After storage for 30 days at room temperature the gel lost viscosity. The greatest decrease occurred in the 8% gel. Veegum HV gels (R. T. Vanderbilt Co USA) from 5 to 15% had maximum viscosity at 7.5%. In contrast Veegum HV gels became more viscous after storage and this viscosity of vaginal contraceptive vehicles the better the spreadability.


Agriculture is a growing field of research. In particular, crop prediction in agriculture is critical and is chiefly contingent upon soil and environment conditions, including rainfall, humidity, and temperature. In the past, farmers were able to decide on the crop to be cultivated, monitor its growth, and determine when it could be harvested. Today, however, rapid changes in environmental conditions have made it difficult for the farming community to continue to do so. Consequently, in recent years, machine learning techniques have taken over the task of prediction, and this work has used several of these to determine crop yield. To ensure that a given machine learning (ML) model works at a high level of precision, it is imperative to employ efficient feature selection methods to preprocess the raw data into an easily computable Machine Learning friendly dataset. To reduce redundancies and make the ML model more accurate, only data features that have a significant degree of relevance in determining the final output of the model must be employed. Thus, optimal feature selection arises to ensure that only the most relevant features are accepted as a part of the model. Conglomerating every single feature from raw data without checking for their role in the process of making the model will unnecessarily complicate our model. Furthermore, additional features which contribute little to the ML model will increase its time and space complexity and affect the accuracy of the model's output. The results depict that an ensemble technique offers better prediction accuracy than the existing classification technique.


May Sarton describes living at her eighteenth-century house in Nelson, New Hampshire how she acquired it, how it and the garden became part of her.


BACKGROUND
Schools provide essential functions for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), but their vulnerability to infection with SARS-CoV-2 are a barrier to in-person learning. This qualitative study aimed to understand how weekly SARS-CoV-2 screening testing of students and staff could best facilitate in-school learning during the pandemic.

METHODS
Thirty-one focus groups were held with school staff and parents of children with IDD to examine the perceptions of COVID-19 during the 2020-2021 school year. Responses were analyzed using a directed thematic content analysis approach.

RESULTS
Five principal themes were identified: risks of returning to in-person learning; facilitators and barriers to participation in SARS-CoV-2 screening testing; messaging strategies; and preferred messengers.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY
Staff and families agreed that saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 screening testing helps increase comfort with in-person learning. Screening testing increased family and school staff comfort with in-person learning particularly because many students with special needs cannot adhere to public health guidelines.

CONCLUSION
To keep children with IDD in school during the pandemic, families found SARS-CoV-2 screening testing important, particularly for students that cannot adhere to mitigation guidelines.


Primary polymer recycling involves the reprocessing of defective parts and scraps in a processing line. The critical limitation for excessive use of primary recycling consists of the need to maintain the properties of the polymer above the required minimum level. The polymer degradation during the extrusion occurs by the combination thermal, oxidative and mechanical degradation. This work investigated the degradation of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene). Green HDPE (PV) and petrochemical HDPE (PN) were processed five times in a single-screw extruder and the flow rate, crystallinity and impact strength properties were evaluated. The increase in the number of reprocessing cycles increased the flow index and crystallinity values. The increase in the degree of crystallinity of the polymer, verified by the DSC analysis, evidenced the degradation of the material associated to the decrease of the size of the main chain (chain scission mechanism). The impact strength showed no significant change after five reprocessing cycles. Contrary variations were found in the crystallinity index considering the first and fifth processing, suggesting a change in the predominant mechanism of degradation.


Based on panel data of the maximum MODIS values for each ten days,Savizky-Golay filter was adopted to deal with the data.Five key phenological parameters in the northeast areas were drawn with Logistic Model and land cover classification of research area was made with the characteristic parameters.Results showed that key phenological parameters classification could significantly improve the classification precision of vegetation cover types,in which,the increase of classification precision of high cover degree vegetation was the most significant.


The effects of synthetic porcine gastrin-releasing peptide (pGRP) on pancreatic, intestinal and femoral arterial blood flow in anesthetized rabbits were compared with those of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-OP). Blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter. The intravenous administration of 0.5 or 2 ,ug/kg pGRP significantly and dose-dependently increased pancreatic blood flow. However, intestinal blood flow showed mild biphasic changes consisting of a tran-sient decrease followed by a gradual increase in response to pGRP. Femoral arterial blood flow decreased significantly. The administration of 0.1 or 0.5 ngfkg CCK-OP increased pancreatic blood flow remarkably. Intestinal blood flow also increased markedly in response to CCK-OP. Femoral arterial blood flow decreased significantly. These results suggest that pGRP exerts an influence on visceral arteries which is partly independent of the effect of CCK.


Nanzhao was a country rose and developed in southwest China during Tang dynasty.It showed its own regional and age features with the developing degree and national status at that time.And these features were mainly presented by criminal legal system functioned as a relatively effective social norm.The criminal legal system presented the features of feudalism,slavery and ethnic customs and was connected closely to the real social environment in Nanzhao Kingdom.The criminal legal system in Nanzhao is also a particular part of criminal law practiced in China,and can be used as a reference to those multi-national and disparate developed countries and regions on system arrangement.


The papers in this section address a subset of the challenges for policymakers and planners that are critical to achieving universal access to comprehensive HIV prevention treatment and care. These issues were posed in the 2006 Making the money work the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Annual Report. Some of the topics include the successful mobilization of financial resources to sustain the rapid expansion of prevention treatment and care programmes in developing countries the strategic placement of labor capital and financial resources needed to scale up programmes in developing countries and the efficient implementation of alternative strategies identified by sound and practical research methodology to achieve the maximum positive impact on HIV-infected populations. The following papers demonstrate how economic analysis may be able to assist in overcoming these challenges and it can inform programme scale-up and resource allocation decisions. (excerpt)


Background: Conventionally, vivax malaria was called as benign malaria. But recent reports of severe vivax malaria were coming from different parts of the World. We studied to find out different attributes of patients, suffering from Plasmodium vivax to reveal some key pattern of severe vivax malaria. Methods: Retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted comprising first hundred malaria indoor cases in a tertiary hospital in Kolkata, India, having unstable transmission. Their various parameters were noted in MS-Excel software. Malaria species was identified and severe malaria cases were noted according to WHO criteria. Data was analysed with GraphPad Instat Software. Results: Among 57 vivax malaria cases, 16 (28.1%) were having severe malaria and among 32 falciparum malaria cases, 11 (34.4%) were having severe malaria; without significant difference between two species in incidence of severe malaria manifestations. Two (18.2%) patients suffering from mixed malaria had severe malaria. Jaundice was the commonest severe malaria manifestation. Conclusion: Incidence of severe vivax malaria was high. Severe malaria manifestations were present in vivax and falciparum cases, without significant difference. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.12094 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 17-20


Following the Northridge earthquake of 1994, a significant number of steel moment resisting structural s ystems were damaged. Several studies have been conducted to improve the seismic performance of s teel structures and specially their beam-to-column connections. One of the proposed connections for s pecial moment-resisting frames included in AISC-358 is Kaiser bolted bracket moment connection, b riefly named, KBB. The brackets in these connections are precast steel elements. In this study, the seismic behavior of moment connection KBB has been examined under standard loading history and n ear-fault loading history according to ATC and FEMA codes. The results show that KBB connection h as acceptable seismic performance except for deep beams. In deep beams a high prying force may o ccurs in upper rows of the bolts. the main reason for such phenomenon is rigidity of the bracket. Moreover use of Tapered Wedge Shims reduces pre-tensioned force in bolts and increases pinch in h ysteresis curve of specimens.


In order to improve the computational speed of high accuracy surface modelling (HASM),the preconditioning conjugate gradient (PCG) was employed to solve the system equations of HASM,and the HASM-PCG has been developed,which considers the diagonal elements of HASM as the preconditioning operator and makes full use of the sparseness of HASM coefficient matrix. The Gaussian synthetic surface was used to test the efficiency of HASM-PCG. Two simulation results indicate that under the same lattice numbers and uniform sampling,HASM-PCG has a higher computational speed than the classical iterative methods provided by MATLAB when the simulation results reach the same accuracy; under the fixed sampling interval and different lattice numbers,the computing time of HASM-PCG is in proportion to the first power of the total number of grid cells in the computational domain,which is much faster than the direct methods for solving HASM. Taking the elevation data captured from total station instrument as the database,the real world example,located at Jinan,Shandong province,China,demonstrates that HASM-PCG is more than seven times as accurate as the classical interpolation methods including SPLINE,KRIGING and IDW.


Recent years,the enterprise social responsibility is becoming a focus of our society,whether profit should be only target of on enterprise?In this article,the authors are trying to explain the new quests under the trend of globalization and re-define it on the ground of analyzing its theory,meanwhile,discuss the counter meas- ures we should follow in the respect of law.


The study of direct torque control is running ripe in sine wave motor,but it is relatively rare research in back EMF trapezoid wave motor.Through analyzing the basic principle of brushless DC motor direct torque control,reasonable selecting the space voltage vector,the direct torque control technique is applied in brushless DC motor control.Using Matlab/Simulink to simulate,the results show that the response of permanent brushless DC motor speed is quick and torque ripple is very small.In the end,it has obtained perfect effect.


It is important to test CPU and memory in designing integrate circuit and SOC. The article analyzes the faults of RAM, gives synthetic test method and finally implements the test method for RAM by software.


The discovery of correlated insulating states in moir\'e heterostructures has renewed the interest in strongly-coupled electron systems where spin and valley (or layer) degrees of freedom are intertwined. In the strong-coupling limit, such systems can be effectively described by SU(4) spin-valley models akin to Kugel-Khomskii models long studied in the context of spin-orbit coupled materials. However, typical moir\'e heterostructures also exhibit interactions that break the SU(4) symmetry down to SU(2)${}_{\mathrm{spin}}\otimes$U(1)${}_{\mathrm{valley}}$. Here we investigate the impact of such symmetry-breaking couplings on the magnetic phase diagram for triangular superlattices considering a filling of two electrons (or holes) per moir\'e unit cell. We explore a broad regime of couplings -- including XXZ anisotropies, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya exchange and on-site Hund's couplings -- using semi-classical Monte Carlo simulations. We find a multitude of classically ordered phases, including (anti-)ferromagnetic, incommensurate, and stripe order, manifesting in different sectors of the spin-valley model's parameter space. Zooming in on the regimes where quantum fluctuations are likely to have an effect, we employ pseudo-fermion functional renormalization group (pf-FRG) calculations to resolve quantum disordered ground states such as spin-valley liquids, which we indeed find for certain parameter regimes. As a concrete example, we discuss the case of trilayer graphene aligned with hexagonal boron nitride using material-specific parameters.


A Dirac-type theory of the π-electrons near the band edges has been presented for singe-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with arbitrary chirality. The effects of the tubule size, chirality and fine structure are included through effective metric and gauge potential. The violation of in-plane isotropy has been calculated explicitly for two most favorite models. In particular, the screw current in a chiral nanotube has been discussed in relax-time approximation. It is found that the ratio of the currents along the circumference and the axis is a very small constant, which only depends on the chiral angle and diameter. For a SWCNT with diameter 1nm, if the current is 1mA, the strength of magnetic field induced by the screw current in the tube is just several Gauss.


A new Fourier split-step parabolic equation (FSSPE) algorithm based on the variable step length technique is introduced for the numerical simulation of radio wave propagation through large irregular complex terrain. The computational efficiency of the conventional fixed range step FSSPE has been greatly improved compared with conventional fixed step FSSPE algorithm.


An optimization method based on a dynamic linear programming tool for determining "the best load distributions" over distinct units of a fuel oil-fired power plant is presented. Two approaches are analyzed in this work. In the first approach, the objective function is based upon a minimization of the fuel consumption by the power plant. The second approach aims to minimize the total operational costs, i.e. the sum of the "internal" (or fuel) boiler costs and the "external" costs (or costs of damage done by the power plant to the environment and humans). The model used as the basis of the optimization also takes into account the changes in key operating variables as well as boiler efficiency with load variations. A 1330-MW fuel oil-fired power plant is the focus of the study. The method is applied to data from the power plant for the three climatic seasons in Thailand and two fuel options (dependent on the fuel grade). The optimum time-domain loading of the power plant units is strongly affected by the objective function, thermal cycle efficiency of the individual units and grade of fuel oil fired in the boilers. It was shown that application of the optimization method can reduce the total costs by 0.3-0.9% depending upon the seasons and fuel options.


Summary Numerous studies of sedimentation techniques for counting virus particles using electron microscopy have shown an ultimate practical limit of detection of the order of 106 particles/ml. This report described (a) counting experiments using disposable molded nylon centrifuge tubes designed to concentrate and sediment small virus particles onto one microscope specimen grid and (b) a statistically derived method for determining the number of fields and particles that need to be counted for a desired precision.


The subject of this thesis is high-precision mass-measurements performed with Penning trap mass spectrometers (PTMS). In particular it describes the SMILETRAP I PTMS and the final results obtained ...


The aim of the work is to study the chemical composition of biologically active compounds of Centaurea diffusa Lam . and the future prospects of its application in the medical and pharmaceutical practice. Materials and methods. The object of the study is the grass of Centaurea diffusa Lam., which was collected in Zaporizhia in July 2018. The method of high-performance gas chromatography on the device Agilent 7890B GC System (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) with mass spectrometry detector Agilent 5977 BGC / MSD (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of Centaurea diffusa Lam. Results. It was discovered that raw material of Centaurea diffusa Lam. contains 55 components, which are representatives of different classes of biologically active substances. There are phenols – 9, alcohols – 9, carboxylic acids (saturated and unsaturated) – 8, esters – 7, alkanes – 5, heterocyclic compounds – 4, ketones – 4, terpenes – 3, aldehydes – 2, alkenes – 1, monosaccharides – 2, hydrazides – 1. However, these data differ from the total content of compounds by percentage. Phenols make up 21.45 % and this is the highest indicator, carboxylic acids (saturated and unsaturated) are 19.71 %, and alcohols and esters are 17.63 % and 12.43 % respectively. Retusin constitutes the main part among all found compounds – 15.53 %, 4-hexadecanoic acid (12.25 %) and 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (8.17 %) are on the second and third place. It's useful to note that hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester is present in quantity 4.3 %. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to consider the further prospects of using Centaurea diffusa Lam. in medical and pharmaceutical practice. Conclusions. The chemical composition of grass of Centaurea diffusa Lam. was first set by the method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detector. The presence of 55 biologically active components was determined. The experimental results prove the prospects and relevance of studies the chemical composition of Centaurea diffusa Lam. in order to create new herbal remedies based on it.


Objective: Correction of iodine deficiency diminishes the incidence of toxic nodular goitre. The aim of this study was to assess the etiology of thyrotoxicosis in two areas with different goitre prevalence in Galicia, fifteen years after the institutional campaign of salt iodination. Results of the present survey are compared with those from a study performed ten years ago. Methods: Two hundred and two thyrotoxic patients attended in La Coruna (coastal zone) and Lugo (inland zone) from January 2000 to May 2002 were included. Clinical and exploratory data were recorded. Thyroid hormones, thyroid-directed antibodies and thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) were measured. A thyroid 99m technetium or 123 iodine scintigram was performed. Results: In the whole group 58.6% of the cases were diagnosed of nodular goitre, 30.3% of Graves' disease, 7.1% of iodine induced thyrotoxicosis and 3.5% of subacute thyroiditis. In coastal zone these percentages were 52.2, 37.0, 5.4 and 4.3%, respectively. In the inland area,


Among the important bio agents, the most promising bio agents against O. arenosella are larval parasitoids Bracon hebetor , Goniozus nephantidis , pupal parasitoid Brachymeri anosatoi and anthocorid predator Cardiastethu sexiguus. Goniozus nephantidis or. G. nephantidis is a natural enemy that has been used to effectively control opisina arenosella walker in India and Sri Lanka. For mass rearing of G. nephantidis back-headed caterpillar ( Opisina arenosella Walker) and rice moth ( Corcyra cephalonica Stainton) could be used as hosts. Activity period of larval parasitoid, Goniozus sp. was observed from 3 rd week of August to 4 th week of October. There was significant reduction in the population of O. arenosella after third to sixth releases in treated palms, when compared to control palms. The larval parasitoids treatment ( G. nephantidis ) had more impact to reduce black headed caterpillar population as compared to predators Cardiostethus exiguus and control


An ironic exploration of Aristophanes' anticipation of many of the doctrines of postmodernism including the notions that social conventions can be deconstructed, that speech constructs reality, and that poets, or writers, are the creators of human horizons. Despite his seeming agreement with postmodernists, Aristophanes comes to quite different conclusions about how readily the "truth" of postmodern ideas should be disseminated. Aristophanes' Clouds is examined as a postmodern text.


The contribution of family-based studies to elucidating the etiology of cancer has not been as widely appreciated as deserved. During the past decade, headlines have repeatedly trumpeted the discoveries of many cancer genes. In a number of cases, the discoveries have been translated to the clinic to improve cancer risk assessment and more precisely to devise potential interventions (1–5). In the laboratory, moreover, new avenues have been opened to characterizing the functional role of these genes (6). However, none of this would have been possible without the painstaking research over many years by hundreds of epidemiologists, clinicians, and genetic epidemiologists. They have labored to piece together the puzzle, study by study, on dozens of different cancers involving thousands of patients and their families. When viewed as a whole, this foundation of evidence provides the interpretive framework for the publicized breakthrough studies that capture media attention. Looking back, it perhaps is not surprising that genetic studies of cancer patients were not a major research goal prior to 1990. While clinical geneticists had long known of and reported rare cancer family syndromes (7), the more common cancers appeared to be largely sporadic (nonfamilial). Epidemiologists searching for susceptibility factors would often choose the achievable and intuitive approach to test for familial aggregation by comparing family histories of case subjects with those of control subjects. Familial aggregation of cancer occurs when cancers cluster in families and one can statistically demonstrate that the risk of the disease in families is greater than the risk in the general population (8). The literature reports scores of studies observing familial aggregation of different cancers by this approach. Such evidence does not automatically mean that these cancers are due to genetic causes. Familial aggregation is an observation that has several interpretations: The cancers can be due to shared environmental exposure(s), shared susceptibility, or a combination of the two. Transmission of environmental factors within families can also mimic or confound true genetic susceptibilities (9). The challenge is to sort through the various hypotheses. Having demonstrated familial aggregation, how does one next proceed? Today, family-based studies of cancer are very diverse and creative. Armed with new ways to molecularly assay the human genome and new statistical tools, the spectrum of genetic epidemiologic methods now bridges the earlier work of clinicians and epidemiologists. One strategy is to perform a segregation analysis of family histories of probands (affected cases) to test whether patterns of disease transmission through the pedigree are consistent with hypothesized genetic models. Geneticists may want to then move forward with linkage analysis, to localize regions in the genome that carry susceptibility genes (10,11). Once the gene is identified, genetic epidemiologists can characterize patterns of mutations with cancer-related phenotypes (12) and study the interactions of other genes (13), nongenetic factors (14), and interventions (15) that can modify cancer risk. These latter strategies are some of the most exciting challenges for genetic epidemiology: to dissect the relationship of genetic and environmental contributions to cancer. When genetic epidemiologic studies of diseases are conducted in the context of known nongenetic exposures, the complexity can be daunting, yet potential interactions can be detected. For example, segregation analyses have provided evidence for an age-related susceptibility to lung cancer in the context of smoking exposure (16) and genetic susceptibility to tegumentary leishmaniasis in the context of sandfly exposure (17), while a candidate gene analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase in a case–control study has identified modification of oral cancer risk in the context of alcohol exposure (18). What about the genetic epidemiology of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)? When the accumulated research on HCC is examined from this perspective, the inevitable conclusion is that a susceptibility factor (or factors) is (are) likely involved in HCC incidence among persons who are exposed to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) (19). It has long been observed that there is familial clustering of HCC and of HBV (9,19). Thus, studies to elucidate hypothesized susceptibility to HCC necessarily must consider HBV exposure. Of note, Shen et al. (20) performed complex segregation analysis on 490 families ascertained through a proband with HCC and concluded that there was evidence for a major recessive gene that contributed to HCC risk. This analysis included actual test data on HBV infection status of the relatives or inferred this status when such data were missing. The report by Yu et al. (21) in this issue of the Journal investigated familial aggregation of HCC in the context of HBV exposure by use of two classic epidemiologic approaches. In the first approach, a cohort of 4841 Taiwanese men known to have been exposed to HBV (positive for hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]) were followed for an average of 8.9 years. They were stratified by family history of HCC, and the cumulative risk of incident HCC (n 129) was compared in family historypositive versus family history-negative subjects. In the second approach (case–control), the 129 cases in the cohort were combined with 429 hospital-based HCC cases in Taiwan (also HBsAg positive). Family histories were compared with those of the non-HCC members of the cohort and were stratified by age at HCC diagnosis in both case subjects and relatives. Neither analysis included data on HBsAg status of the relatives, but the authors presumed that the mothers and siblings were likely to be


Background: Stretching exercises including static and dynamic stretching are used at the beginning of any sport activities in schools. The purpose of this study was the effect of the order of static and dynamic stretching on some physical fitness factors in children.
Materials and Methods:  This study was semi-experimental with repeated measures design.30 students were selected from girl students studied in fourth grade in Miyaneh city, Iran, with cluster sampling. Subjects performed 3 stretching protocols (without stretching, dynamic after static stretching, and static after dynamic stretching) and dependent variables including reaction time, agility, power, speed and flexibility were measured before and after these protocols. In static stretch, stretch was maintained for 15 sec and in dynamic stretch, 5 repetition of stretch (each repetition 15 sec) in 3 sets with 10 sec rest between sets were performed. ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare 3 stretching protocols effect on dependent variables.
Results:  The mean and standard deviations of the subjects' age in this study was 10.18±0.8 years. Both dynamic after static and static after dynamic stretching had effect on reaction time (p=0.001), flexibility (p=0.008 and p=0.003 respectively), but had no effect on agility, power and speed (p=1.000). The order of stretches had no significant effect on measured factors (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Both stretching protocols improves reaction time and flexibility in children but does not influence their agility, power and speed. Changing the order of performing of static and dynamic stretching does not make any change in the records of reaction time, agility, power, flexibility and speed.


In the article, the author tries to find out the main factors that affect the subject's vocabulary acquisition by an investigation. It is concluded that vocabulary acquisition models and strategies are something external, what really works upon vocabulary acquisition is the intermediary system of cognition including the knowledge structure and abilities structure of the subject. The richer the intermediary system is, the greater the subject's cognition will be, which will contribute greatly to the subject's vocabulary acquisition. Meanwhile, the components of the knowledge structure and abilities structure are explored, furthermore, it studies how the components as the intermediate means work upon vocabulary acquisition in an interactive manner.


This paper is the first record of cigarette beetles collected from dried fish crackers (also known as "keropok ikan" in Malay) in Malaysia. The dead cigarette beetles were firstly isolated from a packet of dried fish crackers and were subsequently kept in 70% ethanol. The beetles were then identified as Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius, 1972) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae). They are common pests of stored products such as tobacco, flour, and cocoa beans but there is lack of records of this beetle infestation on dried fish crackers in Malaysia.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the tradition of communalization of pekulen land and the distribution of its use.
Methodology: This research conducted with empirical legal research those locations in Pituruh Subdistrict, Purworejo Regency, Central Java with the socio-legal approach.
Results: This research found that the communal mechanism for pekulen land was first developed by the Dutch colonial government by utilizing local customary law to guarantee the availability of labor and agricultural land for land taxes and cultuurstelsel. This model now transformed and has many benefits such distribute the right of land use,  protecting the rights of landholders, guaranteeing the protection of land functions, maintaining the integrity of village communities, and so on. The implementation of communalization of pekulen land and distribution of its use is a mechanism of local wisdom that grows and develops by transforming the values of customary law in land regulation.
Implications: This paper provides a new way of understanding the practice of communalization of land that initiated by the citizens. Pekulen land is a form of land rights originating from customary law which is owned by the village community who are given the right of use to members of the village community to be used for their personal interests. Thus, Land communalization is an alternative policy model that is applied to regulate land ownership in a more organized manner with a strong collectivity bond in a community.


This research examined the relationship between physical activity status and perceived walkability in the neighborhood environment during the Covid-19 pandemic. A total of 88 volunteer adults, 45 females and 43 males, aged 18-65 participated in the study. An online IPAQ-Short Form and Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale were administered to the participants. In addition, daily step counts were determined to determine objective physical activity levels. Data are given with mean and standard deviation values. The collected data were analyzed by correlation and t test in SPSS program. Significance level was taken as p


Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems are the most innovative information technology infrastructure in the recent decades that facilitate the improvement of healthcare quality, efficiency and safety. EMRs are used by medical practitioners in storing, handling, and consulting the patients' data. Decision support is one of the most useful and promising features of EMRs, which is yet to be fully adopted in healthcare sector. The reason of the uncommon use of the decision support feature is partly due to the complexity of medical processes and protocols, and partly due to the technological constraint. In this research, the re-admission prediction feature was investigated as a part of decision support in EMRs. The emergency re-admission time window was used to design the proposed re-admission prediction feature. This research also examined how the appropriateness of the width of a time window contributes to the design factor of the proposed re-admission prediction feature. This research demonstrated that the use of emergency re-admission time window is appropriate in the design of re-admission prediction feature. The research outcome allows the users of EMRs to manage the re-admission case in hospital.


The 1961-1978 developments of the OSCAR satellites and their broad range of applications including communications, education and humanitarian purposes are discussed.


This report presents and summarizes the baseline data collected in fulfillment of the requirements for the Washington State Department of Transportation grant `HOV Lane Evaluation and Monitoring.` This report provides the information necessary to analyze HOV lane performance and development. Data collection results and analysis are presented, followed by conclusions and recommendations. The data contained herein were collected during Phase I and Phase II of the high occupancy vehicle lane (HOV) monitoring project (July 1992-June 1995). The data collection methodology is described in the final report, `HOV Monitoring and Evaluation Tool.` Included in this report are the following primary and secondary measures of HOV lane performance: (1) average vehicle occupancy data, (2) travel time data, (3) public opinion survey results, (4) transit ridership data, (5) enforcement, compliance, and adjudication data, and (7) accident data. Data collection issues and their implications for data availability are discussed.


Teams are an important component to the success of corporate innovation and entrepreneurship. However, innovation teams often suffer because management fails to develop a change strategy and prepare managers and participants to work in teams. This chapter provides a discussion of the critical elements needed to prepare team member, including reviewing the team development process and offering insights on how to manage communication, conflict resolution, creative problem solving, and decision-making to enhance team performance. Additionally, research on the use of innovation teams is presented along with some recommendations for management to implement innovation teams in organizations.


SummaryThe content of ammonium, nitrate and potassium was varied in the macronutrient solutions intended for formation of adventitious shoots from petiole expiants of Senecio × hybridus. The other components of the macronutrients were according to Murashige and Skoog (1962). The largest number of expiants which formed shoots was obtained when the nitrogen concentration in the Murashige-Skoog solution was lowered from 60 to 30 mM and the potassium concentration from 20 to 15 mM. Addition of 1.0 μM TIBA to the medium as well as the standard addition of 4.44 μM BAP and 28.5 μM IAA favoured shoot formation. Even growth in darkness for two weeks immediately after expiant excision increased shoot number. The nitrogen content in the tissue decreased as the nitrogen concentration in the medium decreased, although an increased concentration in the medium from 60 to 75 mM did not increase the nitrogen content in the tissue. When the potassium concentration was changed from 20 to 15 mM, in a medium with 30 mM nitrog...


ABSTRACT Drawing on the case of Taiwan, one of the major destinations for marriage migrants in Asia, this article examines how the host state utilizes shifting discursive frames for Southeast Asian immigrants and their children to establish the regime of marital citizenship and achieve the project of nation building. I characterise the earlier regime as 'reproductive assimilation', which aimed to manage the potential risk that immigrant motherhood brings to 'population quality' through assimilation-oriented projects of monitoring childbirth and childrearing. The recent turn toward the 'New Southbound Policy' shifts the cultural frame toward 'neoliberal multiculturalism' by reframing the ethnic difference of the 'new second generation' as a market asset for globalised national development.


Realizing fair education plays an important role in constructing socialism harmonious society and is not only the basic demand for constructing harmonious society but also an important path for constructing harmonious society.Cur- rently,the real unfairness in education development has become the big barrier for constructing socialism harmonious soci- ety.As a result,guaranteeing measures for fair education must be enhanced to ensure fair education and to promote har- monious society development.


It is very important to understand and get impulse response,because the zero state response of any function form excitation can be got by the convolution integral of the impulse response and the excitation.This paper introduces several methods of getting impulse response,and also compares them with each other.


In the literature available to us, we have not found a description of an anomaly in the structure of the vermiform process similar to the one we found, and therefore we found it possible to share our observation.


This chapter assesses the central importance of health, and in particular mental health, to a sense of wellbeing. It considers the factors that negatively impact mental wellbeing of migrant young people not so much in terms of presenting symptoms and biomedical responses, but largely as products of systems and structures that are incompatible with their lives and aspirations. The chapter highlights not only how poor health outcomes are often products of immigration and social care structures, but also how health services are no longer safe, neutral spaces. Instead, in the contemporary hostile environment, health services can act as additional arms of immigration control and surveillance systems. The chapter then discusses the controversial logic in the clinical use of anti-depressants and other drugs to manage conditions that are essentially socially and politically constructed, as well as the incursion of the criminal justice system into the arena of addiction and behavioural disorders.


Objective To observe the changes of blood vessel edothelial function and hemodynamics in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) treated by sodium ferulate(SH) with ultrasonography.Methods The flux modulated dilation(FMD)and nitroglycerine modulated dilation(NMD) of the brachial artery,peak systolic velocity(PSV),end diastolic velocity(EDV)and resistent index(RI) of the central retinal artery(CRA)were determined by doppler in treatment group of 72 cases type 2 diabetic patients and control group of 20 cases normal person,and these indexes were determined after 1 period of treatment with SF.Results When compared with the control group,the FMD、NMD、PSV、EDV in treatment group were decreased(P0.01),while the RI was increased(P0.05);These indexes were improved except NMD after SF treatment.Conclusions SF can prevent and treat the vascular lesion of DM in early period;Ultrasonograph may be regarded as an easy and reliable method which can evaluate the progress of vascular lesion in DM and the efficacy of the drug treatment.


For the purpose of determining the origin of horticultural evergreen azalea cultivars, this study was focused on the natural populations of azalea in Kyushu (south main island of Japan). The Kirishima mountains, the volcanic mountain mass in Kyushu, are an important centre of diversity for the Japanese evergreen azaleas. Rhododendron kiusianum Makino grows above 1000m alt., whereas R. kaempferi Planch. is distributed below 600m alt. Putative natural hybrid populations of these two species are found in the intermediate region (1000–600m alt.). These two species have been clearly distinguished by their respective morphological features. Rhododendron kiusianum has small pink-purple flowers and small elliptical leaves, whereas R. kaempferi has larger red-orange flowers with dark blotches and large oblong leaves. Interspecific hybrids show phenotypes within the range of the two species, especially with regard to flower colour and leaf shape. A morphological cline of these characteristics corresponding to altitude has been observed between these two species. PCR-RFLP analysis of chloroplast DNA detected specific bands for the two species in the 16S rDNA region when digested with Hha I restriction enzyme. Populations of interspecific hybrids were composed of individuals that had a banding pattern of either R. kiusianum or R. kaempferi . This indicates that R. kiusianum and R. kaempferi are clearly distinct species. Furthermore, natural hybrid populations consist of individuals that have one of two cpDNA. Some individuals in the populations of R. kiusianum (T-1430 and T-1030) possess the cpDNA pattern of R. kaempferi , which suggests that cytoplasmic introgression has occurred in the populations of R. kiusianum from R. kaempferi .


Several measures are taken to control the coffee bean weevil Araecerus fasciculatus during storage of coffee seeds. Fumigation of coffee using aluminium phosphide (AIP) tablets is permitted at 3-4 tablets/t in Brazil. In order to understand reasons for differential responses by different coffee spp., implications of fumigating Robusta and Arabica coffee beans with a dose of 3 AIP tablets/t (which release PH3 gas) was investigated. Results showed that Robusta coffee beans on fumigation had a higher PH3 holding capacity and held a higher free PH3 residue than Arabica. Robusta with a higher residue desorbed larger amounts of PH3 than Arabica. Preliminary work with the wax of Robusta coffee suggested differences in method of PH3 retention by the coffee bean and its wax. Oxidation of PH3 in these coffee spp. is predominant.


This paper presents a practical solution to the FPGA/CPLD implementation of a Hilbert Transform based real-time frequency estimator. The most important breakthrough of this work is the substitution of the ever-complicated Arctan function implementation by the "One-Bit" based balanced QuadriCorrelator operating at IF. This has the advantage of producing quasi-instantaneous frequency estimation with no input signal amplitude dependence. The first series of computer simulations show the very good dynamic performances.


FeN 4 moieties embedded in partially graphitized carbon are the most efficient platinum group metal-free active sites for oxygen reduction reaction in acidic proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, their formation mechanisms have been remaining elusive for decades. Because the Fe-N bond formation process always convolutes with uncontrolled carbonization and nitrogen doping during high-temperature treatments. Here, we elucidate the Fe-N 4 site formation mechanisms through hosting Fe ions into a nitrogen-doped carbon followed by a controlled thermal activation. Among studied hosts, the ZIF-8-dervied nitrogen-doped carbon is an ideal model with well-defined nitrogen doping and porosity. This approach is able to deconvolute Fe-N bond formation from complex carbonization and nitrogen doping, which correlates Fe-N bond properties with activity and stability of FeN 4 sites as a function of thermal activation temperatures. The evolution of catalyst performance of FeN 4 sites driven by thermal activation is associate with two main factors: (i) the increase of active site density due to the transformation of ultra-fine FeO x particles to atomically dispersed FeN 4 sites; (ii) the intrinsic change of atomistic Fe-N bonds with enhanced strength and shortened length.