NKG2D is an NK cell activating receptor that is also expressed on CD8+ T cells and γδ T cells where it up-regulates activation through TCR co-stimulation. NKG2D is triggered by ligands that are structurally related to MHC1 and expressed either by normal tissues early in ontogeny or by stress, infection or malignant transformation. The function of NKG2D on NK cells and CD8+ T cells is mediated by two distinct pathways of signaling through its association with two adapter proteins, DAP10 and DAP12. Two NKG2D isoforms that preferentially bind to either DAP 10 or DAP12 have been described in murine species. In evaluating human NKG2D gene expression by RT-PCR in cytokine activated CD8+T cells derived from 7 different donors, we consistently observed two distinct PCR bands differing by 218bp. Cloning and sequencing of both PCR amplicons revealed a previously described alternative spliced NKG2D variant resulting from inclusion of intron 6. The intron 6 inclusion introduces a stop codon almost immediately after the start of the intron 6 sequences resulting in a predicted protein product truncated without an extracellular domain. To determine the functional consequences of truncated NKG2D expression we isolated and cloned both full length NKG2D and truncated NKG2D into pRJ3 retroviral vector for expression as NKG2D full length with dsRed and NKG2D truncated EGFP fusion proteins. Activated human CD8+ T cells were trandused and FACS-sorted for dsRed or GFP+ cells and used against human cell line targets in Cr51 release cytotoxicity assays. We found that expression of the full length NKG2D dsRed resulted in ~15% increase in cytotoxicity while expression of the truncated NKG2D GFP resulted in ~70% (p.0009) reduction in cytotoxicity. Results were controlled for cytotoxicity obtained against the same tumor targets using non treated CD8+ T-cells as well as CD8+ T-cells transduced with an empty vector.

To further elucidate the role of each NKG2D isoform, we co-expressed both full length NKG2D and truncated NKG2D-EGFP with either DAP-10 or DAP-12. A similar cloning strategy was employed to generate a retroviral expression vector for DAP10-dsRed, DAP10-gfp, DAP12-dsRed and DAP12-gfp fusion proteins. Co expression of NKG2D with dsRed with either DAP10-gfp or DAP12-gfp resulted in comparable 20–25% increase in cytotoxicity (p=.0001) verses NKG2D alone. Co expression of the full length and truncated form also resulted in significant reduction in cytotoxicity of up to 65% (p.0001). Coexpression of the truncated NKG2D-gfp isoform with DAP10-dsRed or DAP12 dsRed did not alter the reduction in cytotoxicity observed with truncated NKG2D alone. We also performed similar experiments using murine CD8+ T cells with human cell line targets RPMI and U266. erexpression of full length NKG2D resulted in >32% increase in cytotoxicity while co-expression of full length NKG2D and DAP10 resulted in 42% increase in cytotoxicity against these human target cell lines. Coexpressing truncated NKG2D and DAP12 resulted in increased cytotoxicity slightly above the background and always less than full length NKG2D. Addition of DAP 10 and DAP 12 to the truncated NKG2D had a minimal impact on cytotoxicity. These results show that the NKG2D isform lacking the extracellular domain inhibits cytotoxicity of activated human CD8+ T-cells. Studies are ongoing to distinguish whether cytotoxocity inhibition is caused by hetrodimerization of the full length and truncated NKG2D incapable of ligand binding, or constitutive and competitive binding by truncated NKG2D of adaptor signaling.


This paper presents various issues related to privacy and security while storing user's data on untrusted cloud. In today's world Sharing of group resource among the cloud users is a major problem. There is a lot of research being made to find out the issues with these cloud service providers and cloud security in general. In this paper system proposes a secure multi-owner data sharing scheme, for dynamic group in the cloud. By providing group signature and encryption techniques, any cloud user can securely share data with others. The main objective of this paper include: to provide security for dynamic group system integrates Image based authentication and one time password (OTP) to achieve high level of security. In addition system identified some limitations in the same approach in terms of reliability and scalability .To resolve the drawbacksystem extends the basic MONA by adding the reliability as well as improving the scalability by growing the backup group managers dynamically. In this method System further presenting how system manage the risks like failure of group manager by increasing the number of backup group manager, sagging of group manager in case number of requests more .This method claims required reliability ,security,scalability and most importantly efficiency..


Particulate and molecular contamination can each impact the performance of x-ray telescope systems. Furthermore, any changes in the level of contamination between on-ground calibration and in-space operation can compromise the validity of the calibration. Thus, it is important to understand the sensitivity of telescope performance---especially the net effective area and the wings of the point spread function---to contamination. Here, we quantify this sensitivity and discuss the flow-down of science requirements to contamination-control requirements. As an example, we apply this methodology to the International X-ray Observatory (IXO), currently under joint study by ESA, JAXA, and NASA.


Two methods of analysis for two-dimensional motions of a floating body moored in a vibrated, restricted region are developed assuming the irrotational fluid motion and the small amplitude motions of waves and a floating body. One method is the boundary element method. The other is the method based on variational principle derived from the Hamilton-Kelvin principle. In the latter, we can obtain the explicit solution by assuming that the water surface moves up and down in keeping a horizontal plane.As a result of calculation for rectangular cylinders, it is found that (1) the calculated values by two method are in good agreement at low frequency range (2) four types of resonant oscillation exist in the motions of the floating body.


The improvement in the technology and the desperate need to store huge data has been increasing steadily. Hadoop uses MapReduce framework for processing big datasets, which consists of namenode and datanode. The hadoop framework technology has been extensively used to store, process, and use the enormous data that are being placed into server. Handling of huge small files is becoming laborious since the namenode has to manage the filenames and its corresponding metadata. For the purpose of fault tolerance, the data needs to be replicated on the data nodes. In order to handle the mammoth number of small files and to reduce the out of memory burden on the namenode, several techniques are being approached which involves HDFS, EHDFS, SFS, HAR, NHAR. In this paper we discuss about the different techniques that are developed to handle the storage of small files and propose a new method to solve the storage issue in hadoop. The new method takes the priority of the file as a distinguishing factor which further helps in reducing the memory usage of namenode.


i This study was concerned with the development of a process for the production of potassium nitrate for use as a fertilizer material. The process uses KC1 and 60% HNO3 as the starting materials and the intended co-product is Cl2. From information in the literature it was decided to react the KC1 directly with HNO3 simply by mixing the two rather than using some other scheme such as employing an organic solvent or vaporizing the HNO3 and using a gas-solid reaction. The work was carried out in equipment constructed of glass. The analysis, by gas chromatography, of the gaseous products of the reaction mixed with air was studied. Both gas solid chromatography and gas liquid partition chromatography methods were examined. While none of the gas solid chromatographic methods gave encouraging results several gas liquid partition chromatography system results were en couraging. Air, CI2 and N0C1 were separated using a column packed with triacetin on non-acid washed Chromosorb P. This system was used to analyze the gases from a continuous reactor. The reaction of KC1 with 60% HNO3 was first studied in batch equipment. The reactor was kept in a constant temperature bath or in some studies the reaction products were heated to dryness with a flame. The gases were reacted with various reagents in absorbers and these reagents were later analyzed to find the nature of the gases evolved. The gases were found to be CI2 and N0C1. The solid residues were found to contain excessive amounts of chloride ions. For this reason, a batch reaction is not a satisfactory method to produce KNO3. To find if it were possible to fractionally crystallize KNO3 from aqueous nitric acid solutions containing KC1 and KNO3 a study was made of the mutual solubility of these two salts in such solutions. The solubility studies were performed at 0, 16, 30, 45 and 60° C. and various acid-water ratios. Also a study of the solubility of KNO3 in solutions of 0.3 gm HNO3 per gm HgO with controlled amounts of KC1 was carried out at 30° C. These studies showed that the KNO3 solubility in such solutions changed markedly with temperature while the KC1 solubility did not change very much over the range of temperature studied. Therefore, it was found that it was possible to fractionally crystallize KNO3 from aqueous nitric acid solutions containing KC1 and KNO3. To demonstrate the final process, equipment was set up to conI tinuously react KC1 and HNO3, withdraw liquid from the reactor, frac tionally crystallize KNO3, and continuously remove the gaseous products. This procedure produced solid KNO3 which contained no solid KC1. The only impurities in the KNO3 were from the mother liquor which adhered to the crystals. The reaction was found to proceed more rapidly as the temperature or the concentration of the reactants was increased.


Researchers are increasingly noticing the value of multiverse analysis. While such analysis is important, they should not neglect the impact of multiverse operationalisations on the outcome – that is, multiple ways of operationalising or measuring constructs such as well-being or religiosity. The "Many Analysts Religion Projects" (2022) found that different operationalisations of well-being impacted its association with religiosity. Here, we expand on this by comparing how 262,143 ways of measuring well-being are associated with religiosity and 511 ways of measuring religiosity are associated with well-being. We found that especially short 1-2 item measures of well-being that aimed to capture it broadly resulted in a spread of associations ranging roughly between r = 0 - .25. This suggests that depending on the operationalisation of well-being, researchers might under- or overestimate the strengths of its association with religiosity. Thus, we recommend that different measures of the same construct are more routinely included in studies to gauge the robustness of the finding.


A new approach to a ductile composite of Cu and an A-15 superconducting compound has been reported recently. This new metallurgical process consists of melting the constituent elements and subsequent cold-working and heat treatment. The superconducting materials prepared by this technique are composed of about 90 atomic per cent Cu and a superconducting compound such as Nb 3 Sn or V 3 Ga which is in the form of fine filaments embedded in the Cu matrix. The new alloy is superconducting at a temperature nearly identical to that of the superconducting phase in bulk form. The current density (J c ) is \sim10^{4} to 105A/cm2at 4.2°K and zero magnetic field (J c is calculated by taking the total cross-section of the specimen). An up-to-date account of the experimental situation in this field will be given. The discussion includes (1) the results of varying the alloy composition, the amount of cold-working and the heat treatment; (2) the transition temperature and J c of Sn-coated Cu-(Nb 3 Sn) wires; (3) J c as a function of transverse magnetic field; (4) the phenomenon of J c enhancement as a result of mechanical deformation and (5) the basic mechanisms responsible for the observed superconductivity in these new materials.


Stochastic simulation of a Merino sheep breeding program showed that measurement of adult fleece weight and fibre diameter, the two key adult production traits in Merino sheep, increased economic gain compared to measuring yearling expressions of the traits alone. Comparing three different selection indexes, gain increased in fleece weight by up to $1.10 per ewe per year over 10 years of selection, depending on the importance of the trait in the selection index. For fibre diameter the increase in gain was lower, to a maximum of $0.70 per ewe per year, because genetic correlations between yearling and adult performance are higher for fibre diameter. There was little benefit in multiple adult measurements of these traits, and since the Australian sheep industry's evaluation system already accommodates one adult measurement, most of the gains possible can be realised by breeders. Genomic selection of young rams resulted in further increases in gain when combined with adult measurements, particularly for fleece weight.


A walker is used for the patient of weak or lack of balance and mobility. Such as the older adults after orthopedics operation, Parkinson's disease and cerebral palsy patients. But, It is dangerous when walkers are pulled up and easily feel sore on both arms of the user. We apply TRIZ theory to solve about problems. Our invention integrates the demands of stability and speed of walking. We add four ball bearings to the new spring structure. While needs moving, the user may push walker lightly via ball bearings. On the contrary, when needs sustainability the user just uses the gravity of his body to let balls get into the four anti-slip mats.


The invention concerns a functionalized polymer of the formula A-Z-X in which A is a block made up of vinyl aromatic monomers with 8 to 20, preferably 8 to 12, carbon atoms, Z is a basic unit corresponding to a compound with sterically hindering groups and X is a functionalized basic unit, the degree of functionalization of the polymer being at least 65 %, preferably greater than 85 %, particularly preferably greater than 90 %. The invention also concerns a method of producing such a polymer, thermoplastic moulding compounds it, methods of preparing such moulding compounds, the use of the moulding compounds to produce mouldings, and mouldings including the moulding compounds.


In agroforestry systems (SAF), accurate measurement of the textural degree allows infering about the importance of other physical properties of the soils with functions in their ecosystem regulations in a season of low precipitation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the texture by the pipette and Bouyoucos methods in an Oxisol from Piedemonte Llanero in the dry season, in different uses and soil management: monoculture of Guanábana Annona muricata L. (MG) and monoculture of banana Musa paradisiaca (MP) with intensive agriculture, conventional and reduced tillage, respectively; compared to the agroforestry system (SAF) of cocoa Theobroma cacao L. associated with yopo Anadenanthera peregrina L. and acacia Acacia mangium Willd. (SAFC) and SAF of coffee Coffea arabica L. associated with banana M. paradisiaca (SAFCF) with zero tillage and conservation practices. The experiment was installed in an unrestricted random design (DIA) in a factorial arrangement (2 textural methods x 4 land uses) in 4 replications. The data from the evaluations were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. It was observed that the sand and clay fractions were influenced by the land uses and the determination methods and their interaction, while the silt fraction only by the analytical method. In agroforestry systems, when evaluating the texture by Bouyoucos, the finest fraction of the soil corresponding to clay and silt is underestimated, and the sand fraction is overestimated. Being associated with loamy-sandy soils, hence the pipette method was more efficient in specifying these fractions, and they were associated with loamy soils, with a better textural balance, contributing to better regulation of the physicochemical properties in the SAFs.


This essay approaches such subjects as the position,quality,creaivity and so on in scientific research of higher professional colleges in view of its characteristics.


This paper shares the history of a researcher and his groundbreaking discoveries which have been discussed for a long time that started during a conversation with a dear friend, Kary Mullis. Using biological markers, the research involved the ability to classify and differentiate depressive disorders from apparent normality. This research crossed the path of Kary Mullis, one of the most important scientists of the modern era, who discovered the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), which initiated a fundamental step in the research of genetics. This paper also examines the contributions of other important scientists and how they were led to hypothesize that the molecular circuit of consciousness could open "the possibility of penetrating beyond the present classical-molecular theories about depression into the quantum domain of consciousness without throwing out what is already valuable in the standard paradigm" as stated by Donald Mender in his groundbreaking paper titled "The Interactome Hypothesis of Depression". Presently, the method utilized for the classification of depressive disorders has allowed, for the first time, the classification of the differentiation between bipolar disorder and major depression.


The application of electromagnetic methods in the radar and micro-wave frequency band allows the fluid content of soils to be estimated; the heuristic or physically-based models permit to relate the observed electrical permittivity of the soils with the porosity and fluid saturation. The role of the effect of the free water and bound water in the overall electromagnetic behaviour of soils is discussed. The measurements of the complex electrical permittivity of samples with different fluid content were carried out using an open ended coaxial cable in the frequency range between 0.2 and 6 GHz. The data processing permitted to estimate the water content with good accuracy; the slight overestimate of the values with respect to the standard laboratory measures of the fluid content is due to the propagation of the experimental uncertainties and to the effect of the bound water.


CS2HP, or thorhombic , Prima (No. 62), a = 8.626(2) Ä, b = 5 .860(1) Ä, c = 10.759(2) Ä, V = 543 .8 Ä 3 , Z = 4, R&(F) = 0 .058, wRretfF) = 0.109, T= 293 K. Source of material Cs2[PH] is synthesized f rom a mixture of Cs, CS4P6 and Cs[PH]2, with a surplus of caes ium metal in a sealed steel ampule at 950 K. A f t e r the reaction, the excess C s was r emoved at 4 7 3 Κ in high vacuum. References 1. Somer, M.; Carrillo-Cabrera, W.; Peters, K.; von Schnering, H. G.: Crystal structure of dirubidium hydrogenphosphide, RbilPH]. Z. Kristallogr. 212(1997)299. 2. Engelhardt, G.: Unpublished results. Universität Stuttgart. 3. Sheldrick, G. M.: SHELXL-97, Program for Crystal Structure Refinement. University of Göttingen, Germany 1997. Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in A). Atom Site X y I i/11 U12 i/33 Un Un Un Cs(l) 4c 0.8418(2) 1/4 0.0788(1) 0.088(1) 0.0449(7) 0.0481(7) 0 -0.0044(6) 0 Cs(2) 4c 0.9808(2) 1/4 0.6861(1) 0.0564(8) 0.0684(9) 0.0702(9) 0 -0.0011(6) 0 P(D 4c 0.2517(7) 1/4 0.1016(5) 0.062(3) 0.055(3) 0.056(3) 0 -0.003(2) 0 * Correspondence author (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com)


We present the ALMA detection of molecular outflowing gas in the central regions of NGC 4945, one of the nearest starbursts and also one of the nearest hosts of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We detect four outflow plumes in CO J = 3 − 2 at ∼0.″3 resolution that appear to correspond to molecular gas located near the edges of the known ionized outflow cone and its (unobserved) counterpart behind the disk. The fastest and brightest of these plumes has emission reaching observed line-of-sight projected velocities of over 450 km s−1 beyond systemic, equivalent to an estimated physical outflow velocity v ≳ 600 km s−1 for the fastest emission. Most of these plumes have corresponding emission in HCN or HCO+ J = 4 − 3. We discuss a kinematic model for the outflow emission where the molecular gas has the geometry of the ionized gas cone and shares the rotation velocity of the galaxy when ejected. We use this model to explain the velocities we observe, constrain the physical speed of the ejected material, and account for the fraction of outflowing gas that is not detected due to confusion with the galaxy disk. We estimate a total molecular mass outflow rate Ṁmol∼20 M ⊙ yr−1 flowing through a surface within 100 pc of the disk midplane, likely driven by a combination of the central starburst and AGN.


SUPPLEMENTAL DATA Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP Citation for this article: Chornogubsky, L., and F. J. Goin. 2015. A review of the molar morphology and phylogenetic affinities of Sillustania quechuense (Metatheria, Polydolopimorphia, Sillustaniidae), from the early Paleogene of Laguna Umayo, southeastern Peru. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2015.983238.


This interview with David Wood of the HCIMA highlights his belief that recruitment and staffing are going to be the big problems of the new millennium. With hospitality perceived as a low‐skilled, low‐paid industry, recruitment presents difficulties now. Education in the industry has changed dramatically emphasising the continued need to match training and learning with the real needs of industry.


This case study revolves around a 14-year old female patient, who was otherwise healthy and normal, but brought to the hospital for her condition. The patient presented with complaints of fever, sore throat, severe abdominal pain, and generalized body aches for the last two days.
She appeared to be lethargic and weak. Her condition had made her fatigued and a yellowish tinge of the face and sclera was obvious, pointing towards a likely case of jaundice. Upon abdominal examination, the patient also had hepatomegaly and splenomegaly present, and the muscles appeared to be tender as well.
The child was admitted to the hospital, where her lab investigations revealed that she was anemic. Other investigations revealed that her liver enzymes and bilirubin levels were significantly elevated. Her DAT was positive and there was a presence of high eosinophilia.
However, her Hepatitis A, B, and C screening came out to be negative. She was kept as a suspected case of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia as it appeared to be the most probable diagnosis, given her condition, but following a biopsy she was also confirmed as a case of Autoimmune Sclerosing Cholangitis.
Once the diagnosis was confirmed, the child was treated accordingly. This was a unique case because it involved a significant overlap in the presence of two diseases. Both of the diseases, although similar in appearance, could have caused great havoc if they were not separately diagnosed and treated accordingly.
This case study deals with such an overlapping case that was brought to the hospital. With a myriad of confusing symptoms, it was obvious that the diagnosis could have been misdiagnosed or incorrectly diagnosed. However, the lab reports and examinations that were carried out smartly helped in excluding the other diagnoses which would have obviously lead to confusions and also in starting the wrong treatment.
This case study deals with the examination, laboratory protocols, along with the association of symptoms, all of which help in reaching towards the final diagnosis in a timely manner and thus, helped treat the patient effectively.
The case study also highlights how both of these diseases present in a patient of the younger population, and how they need to be managed effectively and efficiently to ensure that there are no complications that might alter the already deteriorating state of the patient.


We investigate the problem of computing the posterior probability of a model class, given a data sample and a prior distribution for possible parameter settings. By a model class we mean a group of models which all share the same parametric form. In general this posterior may be very hard to compute for high-dimensional parameter spaces, which is usually the case with real-world applications. In the literature several methods for computing the posterior approximately have been proposed, but the quality of the approximations may depend heavily on the size of the available data sample. In this work we are interested in testing how well the approximative methods perform in real-world problem domains. In order to conduct such a study, we have chosen the model family of nite mixture distributions. With certain assumptions, we are able to derive the model class posterior analytically for this model family. We report a series of model class selection experiments on real-world data sets, where the true posterior and the approximations are compared. The empirical results support the hypothesis that the approximative techniques can provide good estimates of the true posterior, especially when the sample size grows large.


The AA-MA-AMPS water quality stabilizer has a better scale and corrosion inhibition effect in a wide range of p H value, which is synthesized by using ammonium persulfate-phosphate initiating system as initiator and water as solvent. For the calcium hardness, alkalinity, Cl-and SO42-, it has a good tolerance level, under the general water quality conditions, these ions do not have great effects on scale and corrosion inhibition.However the Fe and Cu2+have great influences on the corrosion inhibition of the stabilizer. When the total Fe is higher than 3mg/L and Cu2+is higher than 0.05mg/L, the corrosion inhibition of stabilizer declines significantly.


Using the super-cell plane wave expansion method,we calculate the band structure and pressure distribution of two-dimensional(2D)water/mercury phononic crystals with point defects.The point defect is created by changing the radius of the center cylinder in the 5×5 super-cell.It is found that defect states appear when the defect filling fraction(F_d)is larger or less than the regular filling fraction(F_0)by a certain value(e. g.when F_0=0.35,F_d0.10 or F_d0.50),and the F_d affects the frequency of the defect states significantly.The pressure distributions of the defect states at F_d= 0.03 and F_d = 0.90 are compared.The computed results show that the pressure distributions are all localized around the defects,and the degree of localization is influenced by the F_d for the single defect modes,but not obviously for the double degenerate modes.


This article discusses the use of professionally oriented tasks in the classroom for mathematics in building the University. For example, the topic «Differential calculus» by the authors offered three groups applied problems, examples and are professional quality, generated by their decision.


An anisotropic representation for periodic arrays is formulated that rigorously takes into account spatial as well as temporal dispersion and reduces at lower spatial and temporal frequencies to a continuum description in terms of permittivity and permeability. The formulation inherently produces a causal macroscopic permittivity and inverse permeability for generalized electric and magnetic or diamagnetic macroscopic polarization.


This work aims to investigate the impact of memory access limitations in microcontrollers and microprocessors on the performance of software that deals with binary data. The research area covers control systems that process data from the IEC 61131-3 standard using a software-implemented virtual machine. Three methods of memory access are considered, namely byte access, memory copying, and direct pointer. Tests of these methods are performed on several CPUs with ARM architecture (with variants), MIPS, RISC-V, Quark, and others, often used as hardware platforms for control devices. The tests cover 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-byte data sizes, which correspond to the integer types of the IEC 61131-3 standard. By analyzing the results covering both unaligned and aligned data, the goal of this paper is to indicate which of the memory access methods is the most efficient for a particular platform. The research is supplemented with an evaluation of power and memory requirements for a group of STM32 microcontrollers. Therefore, the contribution of this paper rests in indicating the most efficient memory access method for each of more than a dozen CPUs intended for control applications, with consideration of power and memory requirements.


According to the existing problems in current key management strategy of wireless sensor network——overwhelming computational complexity,multi-memory space and inflexible management.Based on the clustering wireless sensor networks,this paper defined the data format in the communication of the wireless sensor networks and management matrix in the network dynamic management,mixed the rapidness which was produced in the symmetric private key management strategy and security of public key management strategy,implemented the dynamic private key management of the network.In the end,this paper analyzed the strategy theoretically.The strategy of this paper is proved to own better characteristics through the comparison with existing well-developed private key management strategy.


The FhG-ISE PV-charts are a compilation of certified solar cell data measured at the FhG-ISE PV calibration laboratory that meet quality assurance requirements (ISO 9000). Not only world record cells are included in this list. It is rather intended to give a survey of the state-of-the-art that is reached at various research or industrial laboratories/production lines. Therefore, high efficiency solar cells, but also emerging technologies-even of lower efficiency-will be listed if they are of general interest. The data is presented in graphical and tabular form.


The need to improve the technological processes of raw fuel resources processing, to search for new technologies and to involve oil and gas waste production wastes as anthropogenic resources becomes urgent. The main directions of using the effects of the mechanical activation of substances in the technological processes of oil and gas production are analyzed.  A brief description of the method of mechanical activation is provided. The prospect of using the method of mechanical activation to solve the problem of waste disposal is shown. The author analyzes the main directions of mechanical activation influence used for changing the composition and properties of hydrocarbons and considers the possibilities of mechanical activation of a substance as an efficient way for accelerating the mechano-chemical processes that occur in hydrocarbons due to intense mechanical loads. The article generalizes the research results concerning the effect of mechanical activation on changes in the physical-chemical properties of oil, fuel oil, bottoms and sludge. The results of using mechanical activation for the preparation of plug-back mixtures based on silica sand and quartziferous waste are summarized. The laboratory research was carried out at a centrifugal-planetary mill. It is established that under the conditions of mechanical activation of hydrocarbons their destruction occurs. The process of transformations is a chain nature. The areas of mechanical and chemical transformations, change of fraction content in residual fuel oil, bottom products, and natural gasoline have been investigated. It has been established that destruction of hydrocarbon fractions takes place. The author demonstrates that processing modes, time and mechanical loads affect the course of hydrocarbon destruction, and its results depend on the type of substance. The researcher proves that it is promising to use the method of mechanical activation to control the properties of mineral flour obtained on the basis of oil sludge. The results of the research indicate clearly that it is possible to get different volume of the light cuts yield by regulating the modes of hydrocarbons processing. The author shows the possibility of increasing the depth of oil refining, as well as the possibility of obtaining a cement mixture with the addition of up to 30% of mechanically activated quartziferous additive without deteriorating the characteristics of cement stone achieved. The method of mechanical activation is promising for the utilization of the wastes of oil and gas complex, as these wastes can be considered the anthropogenic raw materials.


A general theory is developed which enables closed-cup flash-points of mixtures of flammable and non-flammable liquids to be predicted from a knowledge of certain properties of a flammability diagram. The theory illustrates, quantitatively, the effect of both the flame inhibiting properties of the vapour of the non-flammable component and the relative volatility of that component. Experimental results for some mixtures of carbon tetrachloride and dichlorodifluoromethane with n-hexane, n-heptane and n-octane are correlated by the theory. The theory also enables a flammability diagram to be partially constructed from standard flashpoint measurements. Such measurements for the n -hexane/carbon tetrachloride system are in good agreement with a published flammability diagram.


Relevance: To date, there is no single approach between clinicians and morphologists in assessing the role of placental insufficiency in the development of fetal and maternal pathology. This situation is due, firstly, to the complexity of the histological assessment of the degree of compensatory reaction of placental tissue, and secondly, to the assessment of the degree of its maturity and the level of circulatory disorders that affect the features of intrauterine development of the child.The study aimed to review the placenta examination as an essential component of objective diagnostics to identify prenatal risks for the baby.Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in the databases e-Library, Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase to identify relevant articles on the topic published over the past decade. A total of 78 publications were analyzed, of which 47 articles corresponded to the purpose of the study.Results: By the nature of the structural state of the placenta, it is possible to diagnose vascular and dystrophic changes and verify inflammatory processes of nonspecific and specific genesis. Since the placenta serves as a mirror image of the infectious pathology of the mother, their children are at risk of infection.Conclusion: Thus, the assessment of the nature of morphological changes in the placenta, both in the relatively physiological course of pregnancy and the presence of pathology of pregnancy and childbirth, with somatic or infectious pathology of the mother, makes it possible to make a prognosis about the condition of the child, both during intrauterine development, and to give a prognostic assessment during the newborn and postnatal period.


Objectives: to present a virtual prototype of a web application (WA), to assist the medical care team in controlling the change in position of patients with reduced mobility.
Method: the technique of design and virtual prototyping was used to design this WA that will be presented, through the steps from the classic life cycle of software development. Therefore, the research will be classified as "nature" applied, of the normative type, as the interest is in the development of technologies, strategies and actions to mitigate the effects of pressure injuries in hospitalized patients.
Results: it can be mentioned that the presented WA is a prototype that fills a gap in the care of patients with reduced mobility, as it helps in monitoring the change in decubitus and represents, therefore, an innovative and easy-to-use technology, as indicated in the end user test report.
Conclusion: a decrease in pressure injuries and a significant improvement in patient comfort and safety is expected once this prototype is implemented in a real health care context.


SUMMARY Many motion planning methods use Configuration Space to represent a robot manipulator's range of motion and the obstacles which exist in its environment. The Cartesian to Configuration Space mapping is computationally intensive and this paper describes how the execution time can be decreased by using parallel processing. The natural tree structure of the algorithm is exploited to partition the computation into parallel tasks. An implementation programmed in the occam2 parallel computer language running on a network of INMOS transputers is described. The benefits of dynamically scheduling the tasks onto the processors are explained and verified by means of measured execution times on various processor network topologies. It is concluded that excellent speed-up and efficiency can be achieved provided that proper account is taken of the variable task lengths in the computation.


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In this paper we examine the quantitative software attributes that are known to be related to software faults and subsequently software failures. The object is to develop design guidelines based on these quantitative attributes that will assist the evaluation of alternatives in the software design process. In order for the several design alternatives to provide meaningful input to the design process, the software system must first be characterized in terms of a series of operational profiles of its projected use.


The protective effect of taurine against inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in traumatic brain injury was investigated in the present study. Taurine is a non-proteogenic and essential amino acid in animals. It plays a critical nutritional role in brain cell growth, differentiation, and development. Taurine is involved in regeneration and neuroprotection in the injured nervous system, and is an effective antioxidant against lead-, cadmium-, and exercise-induced oxidative stress. Astrocytes and neuron cells were co-cultured and cells were treated with different concentrations of taurine (100, 200 and 300 mg/l) for 72 h, and the levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, acetylcholinesterase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, caspase-3, p53, B-cell lymphoma 2 and Bcl-2-associated X protein were determined. These inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative stress markers were substantially increased in injured cells, and returned to normal levels following taurine supplementation. Thus, taurine supplementation may be effective against oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in injured brain cells.


During early adolescence, youths' very existence is about transition; their skills and abilities, like their bodies and minds, are under development. However, what can be seen as an exciting period of growth and change can create frustration for both students and adults unless afterschool programs serving middle school youth are designed with the specific, unique characteristics of young adolescents in mind. In an effort to improve afterschool programming for middle school youth in Vermont, the Vermont Department of Education partnered with the Nellie Mae Education Foundation to identify best practices for middle school afterschool. The goals of this project were to increase regular attendance in Vermont's middle school afterschool programs and to build stronger student outcomes for participating youth. Drawing from both the literature on adolescent development and the studies of best practices in afterschool programming, the project resulted in the development of a new framework for middle school afterschool programs based on five components, which we call the five Rs of program design: relationships, relevance, reinforcement, real-life projects, and rigor. The five Rs offer a strategic model for after-


W hen i was eight or nine years old, life suddenly became very difficult. Feelings began to emerge that I did not understand. Depression crept into my life as I started to feel alone, even in crowded rooms. In fact, life didn't make much sense to me at all. It's hard to say what sparked all of this, to pinpoint one fact or event that changed everything forever. The fact of the matter was, I was miserable from early on in my life. It was all very confusing. I remember isolating on the playground, watching all the other children laughing and playing and smiling, and not feeling like I could relate at all. I felt different. I didn't feel as if I was one of them. Somehow, I thought, I didn't fit in. My school marks soon reflected these feelings. My behavior and attitude seemed to become troublesome to everyone around me. I soon began spending more time in the principal's office than in the classroom. My parents, perplexed by such an unhappy son, began having difficulties. My house was soon filled with the sounds of arguments and yelling about how to handle me. I found that running away from home could supply me with some sort of temporary solace. Until of


The hard carbon volumetric capacity improves by decreasing the electrode porosity after calendaring (d002 decrease). The initial CCoulombic efficiency is enhanced when the specific surface area of ultra-micropores and the active sites are diminished.


We propose Model Predictive Torque Control (MPTC) with pulse width modulation (PWM) for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) drive systems. MP-TC requires solving a Constrained Finite-Time Optimal Control (CFTOC) problem in real-time on embedded computational hardware. We demonstrate that the CFTOC is locally convex, which allows us to use standard numerical optimization techniques. In particular we use the fast-gradient algorithm. It is combined with the warm-starting and early termination technique for being able to solve the CFTOC on conventional embedded control hardware in real-time. The main control objective is to track a reference torque. Moreover, a d-axis current reference is set for Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) tracking and can be extended to include field weakening. We empirically demonstrate that our fast-gradient algorithm can be executed in real-time on embedded hardware. Furthermore we show that the MP-TC controller provides superior performance to the standard proportional-integral torque control on an experimentally validated software-in-the-loop platform.


Objective To study the complementary value and cut off of α-L-fucosidase(AF),alpha-fetoprotein variant(AFP-L3)and Hyperhomocysteinemia(HCY)in the earlyu diagnosis of primary hepatic cancer.Methods Serum AFU、AFP-L3 adn HCY were measured in 84 cases with primary hepatic cancer and 30 cases with hepatitis B and 30 normal cases admitted in our hospital from November 2004 to December 2005.The level of AFU were deteted by speed method,AFP-L3 were detected by affinity eletrophoresis blotting test,and Hcy were detected by special-purpose reagent package of IMx homocystieine.Results The level of serum AFU、AFP-L3 and HCY have significant statistical difference between the PHC group and normal group(P0.01).The diagnostic sensitivities of AFU、AFP-L3 and HCY to primary hepatic cancer were 46.43%、84.52%、88.10%,combines detection of these three indices could make the diagnostic sensitivity as high as 93.63%;The result of Hcy between PHC group and coronary heart disease group have sinificant(P0.05).Conclusion The combined of AFU、AFP-L3 and HCY have a guiding value in the early diagnosis of primary hepatic cancer.


This study has examined the coverage of childhood immunisation and tried to identify the factors affecting the acceptance of immunisation practice among children in Bangladesh using the data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 93-94. Results from multinomial logistic regression analysis indicate that education, occupation, household economic condition, mother's age at birth, sex of child, mother's TT immunisation acceptance, mother's health facility visit, health worker's visit to mothers, and contraceptive use are the independent variables that have statistically significant association with immunisation acceptance. The most important variable identified is the health worker's visit to mothers.


Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic was an unparalleled crisis that has affected businesses, individuals, institutions, and governments in multiple ways. This paper comes to critically analyze the impact of the pandemic on entrepreneurship and innovation. Studies show that crises can also be perceived as opportunities for continuing creating new solutions and adopting innovative ways of doing business. In this sense, the present paper analyzes the current state of the art in terms of the pandemic impact on small and medium enterprises and the innovation status and proposes a systematic literature review and comparative analysis to depict the situation in Romania. For the purposes of this research, the data from the Global Innovation Index Reports is being used. The results show significant positive and negative changes in three main categories, namely business sophistication, infrastructure, knowledge & technology output. The paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by summarizing the main findings from multiple publications and proposes recommendations for policymakers and institutions to provide the corresponding framework so that entrepreneurs could benefit from innovation.


Abstract Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy characterized by a clonal expansion of myeloid blasts. Treatment strategies of patients with AML are based on various prognostic factors, including age and performance status of the patient, as well as cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of the leukemic clone. Our aim was to study the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)25 in adult Egyptian patients with newly diagnosed AML and to assess its prognostic relevance. Methods This study was conducted on 50 newly diagnosed AML patients at the Hematology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Alexandria Main University Hospital. All patients were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination, and laboratory investigations, including detection of CD25 expression on blast cells by flow cytometry. Conventional karyotyping was done on 11 patients at the time of diagnosis. Results In our study group, 12 patients were positive for CD25 expression, and this positivity was associated with worse overall survival and shorter leukemia-free survival. On evaluating the response to treatment among CD25-positive AML patients with normal karyotype, they had lower complete remission rates and higher relapse and death rates. Conclusions Expression of CD25 in AML patients at presentation can be considered a poor independent prognostic factor.


After two years of Wenchuan Earthquake,the reconstruction in the earthquake area goes to the normal state.Nowadays,though the media and the public pay less attention to the volunteers,we do a survey on them through the questionnaire and case study.We find out that with the characteristics of high academic qualifications and a large proportion of the generation after 80s,the volunteers have become the supplement to the government and play an important role in the reconstruction.


Antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs present a risk to health care personnel if they are not contained by appropriate facility design, personal protective equipment, and work practices that support safety. These drugs pose the risk of carcinogenicity and reproductive risks to personnel, which can be mitigated by using the proper containment practices.


Modification of relative muscle activity (relative EMG magnitude in of the magnitude attained in maximum voluntary contraction) in relation to the sagittal position of the center of foot pressure (CFP) was determined for lower limb muscles. To assess the consistency of the relation, the CFP was not shifted continuously, but repeatedly set at various positions along the feet closed and placed in parallel with each other. An upright stance was held at each position for 20 sec. Ten male students served as subjects. A weak activity below 5 % max was observed in the coleus muscle within the natural balance area. Activity was also present yet variable in the medial gastrocnemius muscle within this area. Mean and standard deviation of the relative activity


By now considerable theoretical and experimental material has been collected from studies of individual memory: semantic coding, categorical and thematic organization of memory, conceptual models of memory, etc. [3, 9, 10, 11]. But memory is not limited to the individual manifestation of it: it is also manifested as a collective phenomenon (collective or social memory).


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Women, underrepresented minorities, and international medical graduates are underrepresented in medicine in general and urology specifically. Our objective was to compare...


Through the pipe sample cutting and analyzing the crack in the fillet weld between the hot reheat pipe and the warming pipe, it was found out that the cause of the crack is due to the thermal fatigue. Further theoretical analysis and experimental research verified that there is reflux condensate in the warming pipe. The foreign supplier confessed that the leakage is due to problems in designing and later made a retrofit for the whole system.


An operation teaching method and apparatus for an industrial robot adapted to be successively moved to and set at different positions along an objective structure to conduct a predetermined operation on working objects of the same configuration on the objective structure to which objects the different positions correspond, respectively. The data taught at an initial position is corrected through a coordinate transformation between a coordinate system fixed on a working object and a coordinate system assumed on the robot, and the corrected data are reproduced and used as the operation data for the second and the following working positions.


Sirs: We have read with interest the audit by Mitchell et al. regarding their use of the Fast Alcohol Screening Test (FAST) tool within their service and the association they found between positive FAST scores and sexually transmitted infection (STI) rate. In our unit as part of the Commissioning for Quality and Innovation (CQUIN) scheme, it is also standard practice to perform a practitioner-delivered alcohol assessment using the FAST tool. We performed a similar analysis, obtaining different results. Data between 1 March and 31 August 2011 for the recorded number of acute bacterial STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and infectious Treponema pallidum infection) in those who had had an alcohol assessment performed were reviewed. The rates of acute bacterial STIs in FAST-positive and FAST-negative groups were compared. In contrast to Mitchell et al., other sexual infections were excluded due to their variable incubation and latency periods. In total, 3085 patients had an alcohol assessment performed; this represented a 94% assessment rate. Table 1 summarizes the alcohol assessment and STI rate. Data regarding episodes of unprotected sex or number of sexual partners were not included in this initial analysis. Although not formally assessed, the majority opinion of those staff delivering the FAST questionnaire is that it is an acceptable method for both staff and patients. From this analysis a significantly different rate of STIs in those with positive FAST scores compared with those with negative FAST scores was not observed. Overall, it appears that despite good intentions, the FAST score may not accurately predict those patients at risk of bacterial STIs as a result of excess alcohol consumption. In our opinion alcohol plays a significant role in STI acquisition, as is suggested in the findings of Mitchell et al., and therefore we will continue to use the FAST score in our unit. It must be noted that there was a large difference between the proportions of FAST-positive subjects between the two cohorts (60.2% in Mitchell et al. versus 18.2% in our cohort). National data recording alcohol-related hospital admissions suggest that the differences observed between the two audit populations' problem alcohol consumption rates are a true reflection; Chester's rate being 2% over the national average compared with Newcastle's which is 36% above average. It is possible that Mitchell et al.'s finding of FAST score association with STIs may not hold in a lower prevalence FAST-positive population like ours. Further large-scale work is therefore needed to ascertain the best measure of those at risk of alcohol-related sexually risky behaviour and ultimately STIs.


A BENCH FOR APPLIANCES BANCADA fluidised AND METHODS FOR MAKING THEM A BANCADA (13) APPARATUS BANCADA FLUIDIZED is made of a plate (23) of a sheet metal and comprises OPENINGS (22) FOR AIR OR GAS fluidizing OF nicknamed "FLAP TYPE". TO REDUCE OR AVOID THE FALLEN product, at least one end (24, 34) defining the aperture (22) has been deformed TO INCREASE THE EXTENSION OF HIMSELF BY PLANE BANCADA, and so reduce or eliminate PROJECTION orthographic in that plane OPENING (22). Such deformation can consist of compression and / or stricture. PART OR PARTS OF EXTREMES (24, 34) are preferably deformed WHOSE extension OBTAIN A partial overlap.


A robust and coarse surface mesh was fabricated by introducing a hydrogel coating with interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure on stainless steel mesh. The IPN hydrogel was prepared by crosslinking polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) followed by condensation reaction of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) at room temperature. As a result, the roughness of modified mesh was enhanced obviously and oil droplet underwater showed a larger contact angle. The hydrogel-coated surface showed an underwater superoleophobicity with an oil contact angle of 153.92 ± 1.08°. Besides, stable wettability was observed. The mesh can selectively separate oil from water with a high separation efficiency of above 99.8%. This work provides a facile method to strengthen the coating and enhance the efficiency of oil-water separation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41949.


The more elastic and plastic deformation of slope has taken place,the more premise of limit equilibrium method taken soil as rigid body is not exact.Therefore,taking research on regularity of slope stability in different deformation using FEM with arch search,the result shows FEM has an advantage when taken into account deformation,the results may assist us in slope stability analysis in the future.


The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of using storytime technique on developing Reading skills of Iraqi EFL Primary Pupils. The Population of this study EFL fourth-grade primary school pupils during the academic year 2018-2019. The Sample includes 68 students who were chosen randomly. The participants were divided into two groups; experiment group consisted of (35) students who were taught reading texts by using storytime technique while the control group consisted of (33) students who were taught reading skills by using traditional methods. The researcher constructed two tools to achieve the aim of the study, the first tool, a checklist to test students' Motivation to learn English and the achievement test for students reading comprehension. The tests have been given to a group of jury members to ensure their validity and reliability, after that the tests are given to the pilot sample which consisted of (28) students. The motivation question was used before starting the experiment for the purpose of equalization and the end to test students' motivation. The achievement test was administered upon the subjects who were invalid in the experiment. The researcher did the equalization between the experiment and control groups; in the following variables: (students' age, intelligence quotient test score, a pre-test of motivation, students' scores in English and gender variable). The experiment started at the 20 th . Feb.2018 and ended at the 20 th . Apr.2018, the researcher herself taught the two groups. The data obtained were analyzed by using t-test formula for two independent samples. The results showed that the storytime technique was effective in improving reading skills' achievement and motivation to learn English.


In this paper, a new kind of design method of frame buffer architecture used for real time three dimensional image system is presented.On the basis of decomposition of image store algorithm in which the concurrency is embedded, a pipeline multiple SIMD parallel three dimensional image processing architecture is proposed. The proposed architecture permits parallel access to frame buffer pixel rectangle, the rectangle can be a row, a column or an array, and also can avoid the distortion of image processed by several elements.


Abstract Introduction As technology reveals biological complexity, integration of vast clinical and multi-omic data utilizing artificial intelligence promises to clarify confusion. We have utilized challenge tests to inform algorithmic graphs recognizing heat as foundational for understanding phenotypic variation. Thermomics, describing complex thermic influences that are difficult to objectively quantify thereby compromising application to AI, are readily included in practice-derived models. Methods For the past 45 years cases have been evaluated with oral calcium challenge and immersion in water while observing changes in urinary composition. Between 2001 and 2010 respiratory gas exchange following a high carbohydrate meal combined with pulsatile insulin revealed metabolic variance that combined with basic, translational and clinical data of others informed generation of algorithmic graphs. COVID 19 served to clarify the effect of ACE2 disruption by predicting divergent phenotypic expression mediated by calciotropic hormones. Results Extraction of O2 from glucose, a consequence of fatty acid synthesis producing R/Q > 1 is modeled as foundational for metabolic evolution. This Warburg effect, recognized in proliferating malignant cells, was observed at the systemic level in humans and, modeled as mediated by hypoxia inducible factors regulating glucose uptake and suppression of beta-oxidation. Higher order orchestration is governed by a signaling structure including PTH, PTHrP, FGF23, Klotho, prolactin, growth hormone, IGFs, insulin, SGLT2, thyroid, adrenal and vit D while salt inducible kinase contributes to understanding of terrestrial adaptation. Inclusion of thermomics leads to prediction of a favorable effect of sub-cutaneous adipose beiging on CNS function mediated by circulating Klotho as a constraint on FGF23 in amelioration of Long COVID by phentermine that is also effective in hypophosphatasia where the exercise induced beiging, induced by irisin is known to be dependent upon alkaline phosphatase. The post-exertional malaise of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, where exercise induces elevation in R/Q and reduced work capacity, has informed modeling of the systemic Warburg effect. The models are further validated with mechanistic explanation for recent reports of marked increases of R/Q in human Paget's disease and CEBPb expression dependence mimicking Alzheimer's and limiting life span in mice. Conclusions The value of practice is demonstrated by the ability to model thermomics even when difficult to quantify. The work is validated by explanation of old conundrums, discovery of treatment for unresolved problems, facilitation of case-based discovery and integration of emerging data from basic sciences. The Warburg effect when recognized as foundational to biology, contributes to a General Theory of Metabolism applicable to effective personalization of care. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.


Field Notes is an evidence-based divisional publication series, documenting good practices in innovative uNIceF programming , policy and operations. each Field Note focuses on one theme, contextualizing the topic within a discussion of major issues, illustrating implementation in the field through case studies, and identifying good practices to inform uNIceF staff and our partners. Field Notes are produced by uNIceF's division of Policy and Practice in collaboration with uNIceF technical sections and country offices where programming is being undertaken. the editors of the series are Ian thorpe and david stewart of the Policy, advocacy and Knowledge Management section. the designations in this Field Note do not imply an opinion of legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities, or the delineation of frontiers. While Field Notes outline uNIceF's approach to programming and policy, statements in this document do not imply or constitute official opinions or policy positions of either the united Nations or uNIceF. Acknowledgements this Field Note was prepared by: colleen Galbraith (Policy, advocacy and Knowledge Management) and ann thomas (Water, sanitation and Hygiene), and produced by uNIceF's division of Policy and Practice. and Leonard Mukosha (Zambia). design support from upasana young, copy editing catherine Rutgers.


We developed a new model for fluid movement around the wellbore by
 introducing a Dirac function, which simplifies a water-injection well as a
 point source. The effect of porosity on the reaction and diffusion of
 contaminant ions is also taken into account in the model, making it more
 reliable in theoretical prediction.


We have problems of audit of state owned enterprises,such as the target of audit is not connected closely with the target of enterprise.the function of audit is not clear;the senses and ways of audit is out of date,the investment of hard and soft ware is lack,so we must enact our countermoves to develop the audit of enterprises.


The three kinds of effluent produced in the pretreatment,bio-pulping and hydrogen peroxide bleaching of Guangyechu white bast are studied to analyze the characteristics and quantity. Results show that the quantity of bleaching effluent is 145.49t per ton bleached pulp,which discharge is much less than the international discharge standard demanded for non-wood bleached pulp. Three kinds of ultrafiltration membrane(molecular weight cutoff 30 000,10 000 and 5 000) are used to classify the three kinds of effluent above and the origin of chroma and CODCr of effluent is analyzed. The result show that the CODCr load produced in stage of pulping is highest which account for 63.63% of the CODCr load of total effluent. The CODCr load produced in pretreatment of Guangyechu white bast is in the second place about 26.03% of the CODCr load of total effluent. And the polluting load produced in stage of bleaching is lowest about 10.34% of the CODCr load of total effluent.


The discovery and some results of a preliminary investigation of a new type of weak vhf propagation by means of the ionosphere is reported. This form of propagation appears to be observable over ranges out to about 2000 kilometers from the transmitter but is likely to be masked by other kinds of propagation at distances much less than about 1000 kilometers. The initial experiments on a frequency of 49.8 Mc/sec reveal the uninterrupted presence of observable signal over a test path of 1245 kilometers, irrespective of season, time of day, or geomagnetic disturbance, though showing dependence in intensity on these factors, and possibly on the meteor activity as well.


Purpose:To assess the 16-slice CT features of atypical hepatic abscesses and their diagnostic value.Methods:Twenty-one patients(male 15,female 6,age ranged from 35 to 81 years,mean age 60 years) with atypical hepatic abscesses which were confirmed at pathology or clinics were enrolled in this study.The precontrast and three-phase contrasted scan were undertaken with a 16-slice CT scanner.Results: The CT findings of the atypical hepatic abscesses on precontrast scans were varied and were not specific,but that on contrasted scans had characteristics.Conclusion:The CT findings of atypical hepatic abscesses on multiphase enhanced CT scans were more specific,which were helpful to a correct diagnosis.


The ATLAS Collaboration has carried out a set of measurements at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV at the LHC which provide stringent tests of the Standard Model. This paper summarises the latest analyses of QCD and electroweak processes. New measurements of the inelastic cross section in pp collisions and the properties of minimum bias interactions are presented. The production cross sections for inclusive jets, b-jets and photons are obtained with the ATLAS detector and are compared to the expectations based on next-to-leading order QCD calculations. Measurements in the electroweak sector of the Standard Model include cross sections for the production of two heavy gauge bosons (WZ, ZZ) in the leptonic or semileptonic decay channels and the search for the production of a Z boson in association with one or two photons.


The mycobacterial cell wall is a complex architecture, which has, as its major structural component, a lipidated polysaccharide covalently bound to peptidoglycan. This structure, termed the mycolyl–arabinogalactan–peptidoglycan complex, possesses a core galactan moiety composed of approximately 30 galactofuranosyl (Galf) resides attached via alternating β‐(1→6) and β‐(1→5) linkages. Recent studies have shown that the entire galactan is synthesized by the action of only two bifunctional galactofuranosyltransferases, GlfT1 and GlfT2. We report here saturation‐transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy studies with GlfT2 using two trisaccharide acceptor substrates, β‐D‐Galf‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐Galf‐(1→5)‐β‐D‐Galf‐O(CH2)7CH3 (2) and β‐D‐Galf‐(1→5)‐β‐D‐Galf‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐Galf‐O(CH2)7CH3 (3), as well as the donor substrate for the enzyme, UDP‐Galf. Competition STD‐NMR titration experiments and saturation transfer double difference (STDD) experiments with 2 and 3 were undertaken to explore the bifunctionality of this enzyme, in particular to answer whether one or two active sites are responsible for the formation of both β‐(1→5)‐ and β‐(1→6)‐Galf linkages. It was demonstrated that 2 and 3 bind competitively at the same site; this suggests that GlfT2 has one active site pocket capable of catalyzing both β‐(1→5) and β‐(1→6) galactofuranosyl transfer reactions. The addition of UDP‐Galf to GlfT2 in the presence of either 2 or 3 generated a tetrasaccharide product; this indicates that the enzyme was catalytically active under the conditions at which the STD‐NMR experiments were carried out.


We reinvestigate the thermodynamics of black objects (holes and strings) in four-dimensional braneworld models that are originally constructed by Emparan, Horowitz and Myers based on the anti- de Sitter (AdS) C-metric. After proving the uniqueness of slicing the AdS C-metric, we derive thermodynamic quantities of the black objects by means of the Euclidean formulation and find that we have no necessity of requiring any regularization to calculate their classical action. We show that there exist the Bekenstein-Hawking law and the thermodynamic first law. The thermodynamic mass of the localized black hole on a flat brane is negative, and it differs from the one previously derived. We discuss the thermodynamic stabilities and show that the Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black string is more stable than the localized black holes in a canonical ensemble, except for an extreme case. We also find a braneworld analogue of the Hawking-Page transition between the BTZ black string and thermal AdS branes. The localized black holes on a de Sitter brane is discussed by considering Nariai instanton, comparing the study of 'black cigar' in the five-dimensional braneworld model.


Flow with heat transfer around a circular cylinder at Reynolds number 3900 and Prandtl number 0.71 was studied using large eddy simulation, LES. The main goal of this work was to look at the prediction of heat transfer in a separated turbulent flow, using techn iques used in applied problems in engineering for separated turbulent flow. The computations are carried out with a central second-order finite-volume method, with the Smagorinsky-Lylli turbulence model, and a consta nt turbulent Prandtl number equal to 0.80 for turbulent heat modeling. The results are compared with previous numerical results and experimental data from the literature. The flow fields is in accepta ble agreement with similar numerical results, although the turbulence level farther downstream in the wake is under predicted in comparison with previous results using high-order accurate numerical method presented in the literature. In order to check the heat transfer prediction global mean Nusselt number and local Nusselt number were used. Although mean values for global Nusselt number present error in the order of 20% with experimental data, which can not be considered as catastrophic, the local heat transfer prediction exhibits a poor performance in the separated region, mainly because the numerical solution does not follow the trend of the experimental local Nusselt number distribution around the cylinder.


Nanocomposites are generally defined as composites in which the components are combined in at least one dimension ( i.e. length, width or thickness) in the size range of 1-100 nm [1]. The reasons behi nd the interest are the changes in physical and chemical properties of the polymer lay ered silicates, in comparison to neat polymer [2-4]. They also exhibit improved mech anical and thermal properties [5], enhanced ionic conductivity [6] and gas permea bility resistance [7] compared to conventional microcomposites. Nanocomposites are al so used as catalyst [8]. Investigations on nanocomposite materials were star ted by researchers at Toyota Research Laboratories from 1987 [9, 10]. They prepa red Nylon 6 clay nanocomposites by the polymerization of ε-caprolactam in the interlayer gallery region of organoclays [9]. The filler used was Mont morillonite. Organoclay is a product obtained by the modification of the hydroph ilic surface of the clay through the use of organic surfactant. Numerous other resea ch rs later used this concept for nanocomposites based on epoxides [11], polystyrene [12], poly (1-caprolactone) [13], silicone rubber [14], polyimide [15], polyben zoxazole [16], polyurethane [17].


The topic of Learning Objects (LOs) is a central theme in eLearning research. Because of a variety of aspects that relates to LOs, their complexity and development issues is a great challenge. This requires adequate means for specifying and representing of LOs at a higher abstraction level. The introduction of UML into eLearning was not very successful because of the inherent UML's orientation towards a very specific technological paradigm with specialized concepts such as "concurrency" or "polymorphism". As OWL has the other intention, we propose to use Feature Diagrams (FDs) in eLearning for specification and representation of a learning content. The motivation is a close relationship of FDs to domain ontologies that are treated as a perspective instrument for eLearning. The paper presents the background of FDs, some extensions of FDs related to eLearning, and the extended motivation of benefits and limitations of the use of FDs in eLearning. All these are supported by Case studies.


Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Influenza virus A genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family. The segmented genome encodes ten or 11 proteins, depending on the strain. These proteins are the prominent outer surface glycoproteins HA and neuraminidase (NA), the matrix (M2) ion channels, the matrix (M1) protein, which is found lining the inner side of the lipid envelope of the virus, three polymerases (PA,PB1 and PB2), one NSP (NS1), a nuclear export protein (NEP) and a recently described accessory protein (PB1-F2) with pro-apoptotic activity [3]. AIVs can be classified into different subtypes based on the possession of one of the 16 antigenically distinct HA antigens, typed from H1 to H16, and one of nine NA antigens, typed from N1 to N9. Clinically, AIVs can be classified as low-pathogenic AI (LPAI), and highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) on the basis of the severity of the disease they cause in susceptible birds.


Plastocyanins are low-molecular-weight cuproproteins, which occur in the chloroplasts of plants and algae. The exact biological function of the protein remains uncertain, but is probably associated with photosynthetic electron transport (Gregory, 1971). The small size and blue colour of the protein simplify the purification of plastocyanin, and studies with a number of species have been reported (Kelly & Ambler, 1973; Ramshaw et al., 1973). The amino acid sequences of the molecule from Chlorella fusca (Kelly & Ambler, 1973) and Solanum tuberosum (Ramshaw et al., 1974) have been reported. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the amino acid sequence of the protein from dock as part of aprogrammefor theelucidation of phylogeneticrelationships in plants (Boulter et al., 1972). Plastocyanin was isolated from dock leaves by the procedures described previously (Ramshaw et al., 1973). About 40mg of purified material was finally available for sequen-


This publication is the first in a series presenting results of EPRI's research and development work applying baghouse technology to the collection of particulate matter at coal-fired electric power generating plants. The series, Fabric Filters for the Electric Utility Industry, is intended as a practical, hands-on reference for plant operators, engineers, and home office managers. Multiple volumes are planned, each to be produced sequentially over the period 1987-1989. Topics to be addressed include operating principles and terminology, baghouse design considerations, bags and fabrics, flue gas dynamics, reverse-gas cleaning, reverse-gas cleaning with sonic assistance, shake/deflate cleaning, pulse-jet cleaning, combined SO/sub 2/ collection, and operation and maintenance. Volume 1, General Concepts contains a discussion of fly ash formation, technologies for particulate control, baghouse operating principles and terminology, filtration mechanisms, the filtration process, and baghouse application in the US utility industry. 24 refs., 20 figs.


Two serological methods, hemagglutination and complement fixation, have been used respectively to determine HAI titers to rubella virus and C fixing antibodies to cytomegalovirus in cord blood of newborn infants delivered in Turin from August 1973 to April 1974. Sera have been divided according to antibody titer and aspecific IgM and IgA concentrations. By statistical analysis we observed a highly significant association between both IgM and IgA concentration and antibody titers to rubella virus.


This paper reports work done as part of the Large Interactive Display Surface(LIDS) project at the University of Waikato. One application of the LIDS equipment is distributed meeting support. In this context large display surfaces are used as shared workspaces by people at collaborating sites. A meeting will start with a shared presentation document, typically an agenda document with summary and detail on agenda items as required. During the meeting, annotations will be made on the shared document, and new pages will be added with notes and drawings.To prevent access collisions and generally mediate use of the shared space, mechanisms to provide awareness of actions of people at other sites are required. In our system a web camera is used to capture a low-resolution image of the person/people near the board on each side. Rather than transmit the image directly we compute a shadow/silhouette The shadow is displayed 'behind' other screen content. This provides awareness of position and impending write actions and allows intentional pointing to locations on the screen. It also has the advantages of being transmitted with low bandwidth, being relatively insensitive to low frame rates, and minimizing visual interference with the substantive data being displayed on the screen.


The paper presents metallographic studies of samples and the results of tribological tests of coatings. It is shown that the friction coefficients of powder coatings based on copper deposited by a laser beam are 2-3 times lower than those of samples made of bronze rods BrAZh 9-4 and brass L63. The influence of transverse beam oscillations on the quality and performance of the surfacing process is investigated. It is shown that at a beam scanning frequency of 217 Hz, the surfacing performance increases by 1.56-1.7 times


Athletes in most sports now have access to an abundance of information about the situational tendencies of their opponent(s) but it is currently unclear how effectively this information can be used or how to best present it. Three different methods for presenting situational information about a baseball pitcher were compared for college baseball players hitting in a batting simulator: Build-Up (shown cumulative pitch distributions), Full (shown complete distributions) and Control (shown no distributions). Initially, both the Build-Up and Full groups had significantly higher batting averages than the control group, however, the Full group had significantly lower batting performance when the pitcher was changed. Providing situational probability information gives a significant advantage to a batter, however, there is a trade-off (between short-term effectiveness and negative transfer) which depends on how the information is presented.


Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) is a complicated disease related to multiple departments and systems.With regards to the treatment stragtegies of SAP,there are controversies all the time.With the giant advances in critical care medicine field and researches about relevant mechanism and regulation of SAP,the pendulum of treatment gradually swing to nonoperative therapy,and more and more SAP patients get cured through conservative treatments.Even so,in some special events,such as biliary pancreatitis,fulminant acute pancreatitis,pancreatic necrosis with infection,pancreatic abscess,pancreatic pseudocyst,and bleeding,surgery still plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment.It is crucial for doctors to choose the appropriate operation timing and kinds of surgery to maximize the treatment effects.


Abstract We compared the macro-moth assemblages of four forests from which one is extended on the Ukrainian and three on the Hungarian side of the Bereg lowland, and additionally one in the adjacent part of the Hungarian plain (NE of Carpathian Basin). The data were collected by light trapping during at least in five years in all sites. Numerous faunistically significant and/or rare species were recorded. The species composition, faunal types and ecological components were rather similar in all sites, dominated by widely distributed Euro-Siberian species but with considerable participation of Boreo-Continental and Holo-Mediterranean – West Asiatic species. Considering the ecological connections of the species, the largest part of the assemblage is composed by species of different types of deciduous forests (oak woods and hardwood gallery forests) but also with significant proportion of wetland components (marshy-boggy habitats and tall forb communities) and generalist species. The similarity of the species composition proved to be high in all dominant taxonomical groups (Geometridae, Erebidae and Noctuidae, including the most diverse subfamilies). Several species have high conservation significance.


Objective To apply the propofol intravenous anesthesia in fiberoptic bronchoscope treatment technologies to settle clinic anesthesia difficult issues in bronchoscopy.Methods 163 cases of respiratory disease were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,and examined with bronchoscopy applying propofol intravenous anesthesia or lidocaine ultrasonic atomizing inhalation.Blood pressure,respiration,heart rate,arterial oxygen saturation and other vital signs were monitored and observed whether patients with cough,body movement,etc.and the degree of postoperative feelings.Results The vital signs in patients of experimental group were stable,and the major monitoring indicators were better than the control group,and compliance was good,without any adverse postoperative memory.The patients who are willing to accept examine up to 98%.Conclusion Application of propofol intravenous anesthesia in fiberoptic bronchoscopy clinic was an safe,effective and acceptant examine method,which was worth popularizing in clinic.


Simple Summary The overall five-year survival rate of patients with loco-regional advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is only around 40%. The curability of HNSCC with radiochemotherapy was previously found to be associated with clinical and biological parameters including tumor volume, hypoxia, epidermal growth factor receptor expression, and human papillomavirus infection status. Different signaling pathways, e.g., constitutively activated receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, increased DNA damage repair and intracellular defense against reactive oxygen species were identified as factors driving HNSCC progression and its resistance to therapy. c-MET was found to be hyperactivated in HNSCC and has been reported to drive tumor progression, therapy resistance, and metastatic spread. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of c-MET targeting strategies for HNSCC radiosensitization and discovered putative resistance mechanisms impeeding success of therapeutic intervention. This study highlights the importance of detailed knowledge about biological mechanisms and regulatory networks for future patient stratification and individualized treatment concepts. Abstract The receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET activates intracellular signaling and induces cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition and migration. Within the present study, we validated the prognostic value of c-MET in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with radio(chemo)therapy using the Cancer Genome Atlas database and found an association of increased MET gene expression and protein phosphorylation with reduced disease-specific and progression-free survival. To investigate the role of c-MET-dependent radioresistance, c-MET-positive cells were purified from established HNSCC cell lines and a reduced radiosensitivity and enhanced sphere-forming potential, compared to the c-MET-depleted cell population, was found in two out of four analyzed cell lines pointing to regulatory heterogeneity. We showed that c-MET is dynamically regulated after irradiation in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, no direct impact of c-MET on DNA damage repair was found. The therapeutic potential of eight c-MET targeting agents in combination with irradiation demonstrated variable response rates in six HNSCC cell lines. Amongst them, crizotinib, foretinib, and Pha665752 exhibited the strongest radiosensitizing effect. Kinase activity profiling showed an association of crizotinib resistance with compensatory PI3K/AKT and MAP kinase signaling. Overall, our results indicate that c-MET is conferring radioresistance in HNSCC through modulation of intracellular kinase signaling and stem-like features.


Introduction: Prolonged duty cycle ventilation and hyperventilation are associated with reduced venous return during CPR. Meanwhile, the 30:2 compressions-ventilation method requires pauses in comp...


The arrival of information time provides the technical platforms and the rare opportunities for the surmount-typed development of the traditional agriculture.To guarantee the agricultural industry management standing to the invincible position in the intense market competition day by day,the function of the informationization method must be fully displayed to advance the agricultural industrialization.In this thesis the vital role in informationization promoting agricultural industrialization was analyzed from the strategy and the present situations and the existence problems in the agricultural informationization construction in China were promulgated.And the corresponding countermeasures on informationization promoting agricultural industrialization were proposed.


Through an analysis of the current public physical education curriculum reform of colleges and universities in Anhui Province,it can be found that remarkable achievements have been obtained in the aspects of course nature,course objectives and course structure.But some fundamental problems have not been solved for there has been a lack of rationality in analyzing and solving problems,and teaching effect and learning interest have not been straightened out.Who plays the dominant position in the process of teaching is still an issue under debate.Thus finally this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions with a view to reinforcing the public physical education curriculum construction and reform of colleges and universities.


As an organization there is a range of responsibilities and legislation that require you to have a plan to ensure the safety of employees, customers and stakeholders who may be on site when an emergency occurs. Equally important is the ability of facility to react quickly to an emergency, saving time and money in restoring normal business. A well thought out, coordinated response helps prevent personal injury, property damage, and lessen the resulting hazard. When an organization plans on how it will respond to an emergency threatening its operations, it is more likely to survive the incident. During a large-scale disaster, local response agencies may be overwhelmed and unable to immediately respond to the organization site. The modelling and analysis of threats in a plant is not just for post hazard analysis, it includes all the working procedures when a hazard occurs.


Mimosa pudica L. is a creeping annual or perennial herb of the family Fabaceae. The leaves fold inward and droop when touched or shaken, defending themselves from harm, and re-open a few minutes later. The species is native to tropical America, but is now a pantropical weed. A study was conducted at Mizoram University campus, Aizawl, Mizoram, India. This work is an attempt to study the influence of Mimosa pudica L. plant on soil biological characteristics and physico-chemical characteristics. In the present study, the experiment has been designed in order to assess the effect of the plants on soil fertility by collecting four different samples of soil viz. finely excised pieces of Mimosa pudica + Barren Soil (M+B), fresh soil sample from barren (BR), rhizosphere soil of Mimosa pudica L (MM) and soil sample from barren site without of Mimosa pudica L. plant which is noted as Control Soil (CTRL). These different soil samples collected have been examined by undertaking different biological and physico-chemical analysis. The results indicated that the addition of raw finely excised pieces of Mimosa pudica L. plant enriched the soil fertility level in terms of biological and physico-chemical characteristics of soil.


To elucidate the differences in the antioxidant potency of troglitazone and α-tocopherol in the oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL), the structure of the phenoxyl radical of troglitazone and the antioxidant activity of troglitazone in homogeneous solution and liposomal membranes were investigated. The antioxidant activity of troglitazone in homogenous solution based on the cis-parinaric acid fluorescence method was not substantially different from that of α-tocopherol. The ESR study using a spin label technique showed that troglitazone more effectively scavenged the radicals generated in the water phase outside of the liposomal membranes than those generated from the interior of the membranes than did α-tocophenol. These results suggest that the difference in the antioxidant potency of troglitazone and α-tocopherol in the oxidation of LDL is partly due to the mobility and the position of these compounds in the liposomal membrane.


Objective: The coaptation length of the mitral valve after repair is an important prognostic factor in the evaluation of surgical outcome. Its measure has been performed at a single point in the mitral valve, usually A2/P2, and may not reflect the coaptation throughout the valve. Our goal is to analyze the coaptation length in different segments of the mitral valve in patients undergoing mitral valve repair by quadrangular resection without ring annuloplasty using the cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).


A simulation of low temperature nitrogen dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at atmosphere pressure is proposed in this thesis. The parallelized fluid modeling is used to simulate the pure nitrogen discharge. All of the model equations are discretized using fully coupled Newton-Krylov-Schwarz algorithm, in which the preconditioner and linear matrix solver are overlapping additive Schwarz method and Bi-CGStb/GMRES scheme. The transport coefficients of nitrogen plasma and chemical reaction rate are obtained from BOLSIG, which is a Boltzmann solver can evaluate electron energy distribution function by the user given cross sections. A chemistry module take care the reactions in fluid modeling, in which pure nitrogen chemistry in this thesis include 8 species, N2, N2(A), N2(B), N2(C), N2(a'), N2, N4 and electron. 30 reaction channels are considered which include excitation, ionization and recombination


Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system is the tendency of optical fiber communication systems because of its high speeds and capacities. DWDM systems with channel data rates of 40 Gbit/s bring us both advantages and challenges. With broader spectrum, the signal suffers more from chromatic dispersion, optical fiber nonlinear effects and polarization mode dispersion (PMD). Simultaneously, the combination of PMD and nonlinear effects results in more complexity. In this paper, amended nonlinear Schrodinger equations, which include group velocity dispersion (GVD), third order dispersion (TOD), self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (XPM), four-wave mixing (FWM) and PMD synthetically, are derived, then the system degradation induced by PMD and nonlinear effects is investigated via numerical simulation. The results show that when the power of input signal is low, PMD has more affection on system comparing with nonlinear effects, and nonlinear effects become dominating with power increasing, but mild PMD may mitigate their impact to some extent. The results in this paper are valid for design and analysis of long haul DWDM systems with high bit rate.


Recent research develops theory and evidence to understand how organizations come to be seen as "actors" with specified features and properties, a core concern for phenomenological institutionalism. The authors use evidence from changes in research designs in the organizational study of institutional logics as an empirical strategy to add fresh evidence to the debates about the institutional construction of organizations as actors. The case is the research literature on the institutional logics perspective, a literature in which organizational and institutional theorists grapple with long-time social theory questions about nature and context of action and more contemporary debates about the dynamics of social orders. With rapid growth since the early 1990s, this research program has elaborated and proliferated in ways meant to advance the study of societal orders, frames, and practices in diverse inter- and intra-organizational contexts. The study identifies two substantive trends over the observation period: A shift in research design from field-level studies to organization-specific contexts, where conflicts are prominent in the organization, and a shift in the conception of logic transitions, originally from one dominant logic to another, then more attention to co-existence or blending of logics. Based on this evidence, the authors identify a typology of four available research genres that mark a changed conception of organizations as actors. The case of institutional logics makes visible the link between research designs and research outcomes, and it provides new evidence for the institutional processes that construct organizational actorhood.


Thanks to a Fourier transform with respect to the spatial coordinate describing the direction of the cylinder axis, we are led to a two-dimensional problem. A set of four integral equations is then established from a rigorous integral theory, where the Fourier transform of the field on the surface of the cylinder is unknown. With the help of a boundary finite elements method, the integral system is converted into a linear system of equations. This system is not uniquely solvable for a discrete set of irregular frequencies. However, it is possible to overcome this difficulty by adding constraints out of the boundary. To ensure the accuracy of the numerical implementation, the singular parts of the kernels are isolated and their integration is performed analytically. In this paper, results are given when the excitation is a plane wave with arbitrary polarization and oblique incidence (conical diffraction), but only the knowledge of the Fourier transform of the incident field is required.


The transition of the Ottoman Muslim community of Cyprus from the status of a religious community—and even more so the ruling community of the island—to that of a national community presents a peculiar case, since that process evolved without any direct effect by Turkish nationalism. After the Cyprus Convention in 1878, the administration of the island was all British and was organized on a strict colonial basis. Since nationalism was formed in Cyprus along communal lines, an attempt is made to trace the contribution of the colonial regime to their formation. More specifically an effort is made to present communal attempts to redefine traditional religious institutions in order to neutralize the British colonial control over them. In that context religion through its institutions assumed a secular and nationalistic scope.


This paper reports on recent developments which took place at Hazeldene Work Resource Centre, Kilwinning, Scotland, in relation to the provision of speech and language therapy. The necessity to utilise limited resources in the most efficient manner required a change of focus at the Centre. In the past, provision of speech and language therapy services was limited to individual client-based therapy, but now the re-evaluation and reorganisation of service provision was considerd to be necessary. The staff at the Hazeldene Centre were keen to cooperate in an exploration of how best to improve the direct and indrect delivery of service. It was believed that the knowledge and skills of the speech and language therapist could contribute to the overall assessment of clients and thus the success of their educational and work placements would improve. Speech and language therapists have an in-depth understanding of language and communication, knowledge of how and where it breaks down, and how to capitalise on existing skills. It was felt that these skills could contribute to the assessment package already in use at the Centre (see Appendix I) to help staff to reach informed decisions about a client's future.


Borexino is a massive calorimetric liquid scintillation detector whose installation has been completed in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory. The focus of the experiment is on the direct and real time measurement of the flux of neutrinos produced in the $^{7}Be$ electron capture reaction in the Sun. Furthermore, recent studies about the reduction of the $^{11}C$ background through suitable rejection techniques demonstrated the possibility to open an interesting additional observation window in the energy region of the pep and CNO solar neutrinos. Beyond the solar neutrino program, the detector will be also a powerful observatory for antineutrinos from Supernovae, as well as for geoneutrinos, profiting from a very low background from nuclear reactors.


References to the hairline fracture and the difficulty of diagnosis abound in the literature. A case is presented that illustrates the importance of early detection and treatment of the syndrome.