We reported a case of epidural abscess which was induced by tooth extraction.A 59-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to a complaint of pain and swelling that extended from the left cheek to the temporal region. After admission, we started an intravenous regimen of latamoxef, 2g/day. After three hours, we observed a sudden pulasatory discharge of bloody, serous pus with an odor of putrefaction from the left ear. We found marked swelling that involved the left medial pterygoid muscle, masseter muscle, parotid gland, and subcutaneous tissue from the left tempora to the neck on computed tomography. We also found an epidural abscess containing air that extended from the left pterygopalatine fossa to the middle cranial fossa. After consulting an otorhinolaryngologist and a neurosurgeon, we decided to treat the patient conservatively with massive doses of systemic antibiotics. The epidural abscess disappeared by the 86th hospital day. The patient has had sequelae and his prognosis is excellent.


The rational use of the land policy to expand domestic demand must be preceded by clarifying correctly the relationship between land supply and housing prices,and finding out the impact of household′s consumption.By using the panel data from 31 Chinese provinces during 1999-2010,and constructing the panel simultaneous equations model,this paper investigated the relationship between land supply,housing prices and household′s consumption.The results showed that there is a negative interaction between the land supply and housing prices,the land supply increasing will hold up the household′s consumption,and housing prices increasing has a significantly influence on the household′s consumption,in other words,there is a positive wealth effect of the real estate market.By further studying,we found that the real estate wealth effect displays a significant difference between space and time with the eastern region wealth effect greater than that of the midwest.With the social economy developing and housing prices rising rapidly,the real estate wealth effect in the ensuing years after 2004 was greater than that of 1999—2003.In addition,affected by the traditional consumption habits,household′s consumption of our country shows a "ratchet effect".


1-(N-Phenacylidene)amino-1,2,3-triazoles 3 react with propionylchloride and phenoxyacetylchloride in the presence of triethylamine to give trans- (5) and cis- (6) 1-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-4-aroylaztidin-2-ones in a 1:1 ratio, on the contrary to the 1-(N-arylidene)amino-1,2,3-triazoles, which do not give any reaction product with the same acid chlorides. The spectroscopic characteristics of these new N-triazolyl-β-lactams are also discussed.


Disclosed is a resin composition which is capable of firmly bonding a metal and a molding material. Also disclosed are a composite material containing such a resin composition and a use of such a composite material. Specifically disclosed is a resin composition containing an organic compound containing at least one secondary thiol group in a molecule, and a curable compound containing at least one hydroxy group in a molecule.


The goal of my Bachelor thesis was to realize analysis of employees satisfaction in PODHORAN LUKOV plc. The theoretical part discuss generally company culture, employees satisfaction research and creating questionnaire. The practical part includes description of the company, analysis of its employees satisfaction, conclusion and recommendation resulting from the analysis. On the basis of the analysis was drafted out a profile of the typical representative of all respondents.


Downloading or buying mobile applications are becoming increasingly popular activities, which would seem likely to affect the daily life of human beings. However, little empirical evidence about the factors which influence the downloading of mobile applications is available. This study examines the concepts of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control with reference to the extended theory of planned behavior model to explain why people download mobile applications. We collected 320 valid questionnaires through Google Doc, and used a structural equation model to conduct the empirical study. The results indicated that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control have a significant effect on the downloading intention of mobile applications. However, the results show that compatibility and self-efficacy have no significant effect on the downloading behavior of mobile applications.


2019 is the fourth year for the global to enter the era of sustainable development goals in 2030 with end tuberculosis strategy.It is also the end year whether the first milestone goal set by 2020 can be achieved.Based on the full recognition of the progress made by countries in tuberculosis control, the global tuberculosis report emphasized further analyzing the problems and challenges existing in national tuberculosis programme carefully and objectively, clarifying the action requirements.Learning good practices and experience shown in the committed action towards end tuberculosis strategy from global will facilitate us to make precise actions for ending tuberculosis in China.

Key words:
World health organization; Tuberculosis; Diagnosis; Treatment; Prevention; Guideline


The bias in atmospheric variables as well as that in model computation are two major causes of failures in discharge estimation. Attributing the bias in discharge estimation becomes difficult if the forcing bias cannot be evaluated and excluded in advance in places lack of qualified meteorological observations, especially in those cold and mountainous area (e.g. the Upper Tarim basin). In this study, we proposed an ORCHIDEE-Budyko framework which helps identify the bias range from the two sources (i.e. forcing and model structure) with a set of analytical approaches. A latest version of land surface model-ORCHIDEE was used to provide reliable discharge simulations based on the most improved forcing inputs. The Budyko approach was then introduced to attribute the discharge bias to two sources with prescribed assumptions. Results show that as the forcing biases, the water inputs (rainfall, snowfall or glacier melt) are very likely underestimated for the Tarim headwater catchments (-43.2%~21.0%). Meanwhile, the potential evapotranspiration is unrealistically high over the upper Yarkand and the upper Hotan (1240.4 mm/yr and 1153.7mm/yr respectively). Determined by the model structure, the bias in actual evapotranspiration is possible but not the only contributor to the discharge underestimation (overestimated up to 105.8\% for the upper Aksu). Based on a simple scaling approach, we estimated the water consumption by human intervention ranging from 213.50 108 m3/yr to 300.58 108 m3/yr up the Alar gauge station, which is another bias source in current version of ORCHIDEE. This study succeeded in retrospecting the bias from the discharge estimation to multiple bias sources of the atmospheric variables and the model structure. The framework provides a unique method for evaluating the regional water cycle and its biases with our current knowledge of observational uncertainties.


The NOx reduction activity on γ-alumina was significantly improved by discharging nonthermal plasma in a simulated oxidizing exhaust gas under conditions of a high space velocity. On the other hand, those on a Pt-loaded catalyst and Cu-ZSM-5 could not be improved. The discharging nonthermal plasma converted NO to NO2 and hydrocarbons to partial-oxidized hydrocarbons, such as aldehydes, under the oxidizing conditions. From the relationship between the NOx reduction activities and the properties of several alumina catalysts, it was found that the NOx reduction activity was correlated with the number of acid sites on the alumina based on the NH3 adsorption measurement. Therefore, it is concluded that the NOx reduction occurred at the acid sites of the alumina, and the discharging nonthermal plasma improves the NOx reduction activity by NO2 formation and partial-oxidation of hydrocarbons. These results suggest that a catalytic reaction assisted by the discharging nonthermal plasma could be a promising technology for NOx reduction in lean-burn and diesel exhaust gases even under the conditions of high space velocity. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry


Sensor networks have long been an active research field. However, deployments are still often specialized for one particular task while emerging commercial products use proprietary low-end technologies. The new CoAP protocol, designed for resource constrained devices and being standardized by the IETF may bring a partial answer to this divergence. However, complexity of needed protocol stacks may limit real deployments. In this paper, we propose a new, open and pragmatic distributed architecture for sensor and actuator networks, based on CoAP, whose goal is to further reduce constraints on devices. By shifting intelligence to a master node and keeping only what is really needed on sensors, it is possible to reduce software complexity on sensors, while keeping a secure, reliable and scalable system providing sensor resources to the global Internet.


The first step in any research is to decide what to study. Choosing the right question is essential for producing relevant knowledge. This is not to say that relevance should be subordinate to rigour. They are both important. A relevant question which is analysed rigorously produces valid knowledge that both advances theory and informs practice. A rigorously performed study on an irrelevant question may advance theory but does not inform practice. The purpose of this essay is to provide a discussion of how to choose and formulate important research questions and to share the results of a survey on important management challenges in China as possible topics to guide future research. The concern over choosing the right question is not unique to Chinese management. More than 25 years ago, Campbell et al. (1982) enlightened the fields of organizational behaviour, human resources management and industrial/ organizational psychology with a monograph titled 'What to study' in which the authors identified different ways by which scholars identify important questions to study along with a list of interesting topics to guide aspiring scholars. One of the fears of any scholar is to have spent a substantial amount of time on a research project over several years, only to find out at the time of journal submission that reviewers and editors do not care much about the scholar's question. The other extreme is to chase fads by choosing 'hot topics'. The danger in this approach is that fads come and go. They aren't necessarily the most important problems that confront managers. Choosing the right question to study in a context like China is particularly important for scholars both inside and outside of China to ensure that the knowledge produced will not only meet rigorous standards but will also address the urgent needs of managers in search of guidance on how to manage in this dynamic context.


Abstract Purpose Thyroid hypofunction is a late effect observed in several groups of cancer survivors, but has to date not been evaluated in-depth in testicular cancer survivors (TCSs). We investigated the prevalence of thyroid hypofunction in long-term TCSs and compared the findings with those of a comparison group from the general population. Patients and Methods Norwegian TCSs diagnosed with unilateral testicular cancer in the period 1980–1994 (N = 1,436) were grouped according to their cancer treatment (Surgery only; Radiotherapy only; Cisplatin-based chemotherapy, eventually combined with radiotherapy). They were invited to participate in three surveys covering up to three decades post-diagnosis. Serum thyrotropin (s-TSH) from samples collected from the last survey were analyzed. S-TSH results were also available from a health survey of the general population performed in a county in mid-Norway (the HUNT3 Survey [comparison group]). Data on the prescription of thyroid hormone replacement therapy (levothyroxine) from the Norwegian Prescription Database were obtained for the TCSs and the comparison group's participants. Thyroid hypofunction was defined as 'untreated' (overt or subclinical) hypothyroidism (with s-TSH ≥3.5 mIU/L and no regular prescription of levothyroxine) or 'treated' hypothyroidism with regular prescription of levothyroxine. Results Three decades after diagnosis the prevalence of thyroid hypofunction (i.e., both treated and untreated) was 11% in the TCSs and the prevalence ratio was 1.9 indicating an almost doubled prevalence in the TCSs compared to the comparison group (prevalence ratio 1.91, 95% CI [1.54; 2.38]). However, there were no significant differences in the risk of thyroid hypofunction related to the TCSs' treatment modality. Conclusion TCSs may have an increased prevalence of thyroid hypofunction compared to the general population. Hypothyroidism has negative consequences related both to primary hypogonadism and to cardiovascular disease. As both conditions are overrepresented in TCSs, regular monitoring of thyroid hormones may be advisable.


This paper makes a short overview of current state of the art monitoring tools for cloud and big data frameworks. In order to effectively create, test and deploy new algorithms or frameworks one needs suitable monitoring solutions. Hence we aim on creating a critical overview for some of the monitoring solutions existing on the market. Also we present relevant metrics used for monitoring cloud and big data applications, focused mainly on cloud deployment scenarios for big data frameworks.


Chapter 1: You And Your Subject: A Personal Perspective Chapter 2: You And Your Curriculum: A Public Perspective Chapter 3: Planning To Teach And Learn Chapter 4: The Elements Of Teaching And Learning History Chapter 5: Managing Teaching And Learning Chapter 6: Assessing For Learning History Chapter 7 Teaching Across The Ages: GCSE And A Level Chapter 8: Inclusive History Teaching Chapter 9 Information Technologies And History Teaching Chapter 10: A Difficult And Controversial Subject Chapter 11 Where Do You Go Now?


The decay of concentration fluctuations in polymer solutions is investigated. Starting from a microscopic basis, a theoretical framework is developed to describe so-called memory effects leading to additional slow modes. The theory is formulated for a multicomponent system. These general results are applied to a homopolymer-solvent system. With respect to the interpretation of dynamic light scattering the behavior at small scattering vectors q is relevant. In this case, an approximately diffusive decay mode and slower, approximately q-independent modes related to viscoelastic properties are predicted at higher polymer concentrations. The relation to typical experimental results and to the theory recently presented by Wang is discussed


Light energy harvesting is a valuable technique for batteryless sensors located indoors. A key challenge is finding the right locations to deploy sensors to provide sufficient harvesting capability. A trial-and-error approach or energy prediction method is used as the solution, but existing schemes are either time-consuming or employing a naïve prediction mechanism primarily developed for outdoor environments. In this paper, we propose a light energy prediction technique, called Solacle, which accounts for various factors in indoor light harvesting to provide accuracy at any given location. Exploiting the ray tracing technique, Solacle estimates the illuminance and the luminous efficacy of light sources to predict the harvesting capability, by considering the spatiotemporal characteristics of the surrounding environment. To this end, we defined the optical properties of a space, and devised an optimization approach, specifically a gradient-free-based scheme, to acquire adequate values for the combination of optical properties. We implemented the system and evaluated its efficacy in controlled and real environments. The experiment results show that the proposed approach delivers a significant improvement over previous work in light energy prediction of indoor space.


Light therapy is a relatively novel modality in wound care. I used a light-emitting diode (LED) and superluminous diode (SLD) to deliver low-intensity laser light as an adjunctive treatment to a patient with a chronic diabetic foot ulcer. Standard treatment of conservative sharp debridement, off-loading, bioburden management, and advanced dressings was delivered in a WOC clinic setting. This combination of therapies resulted in closure of the neuropathic plantar ulcer within 8 weeks.


Michael Beverland is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Marketing at Monash University in Australia. He completed his Ph.D. at the University of South Australia in the field of organizational evolution. He has published articles in the Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Journal of Small Business Management, and the proceedings of the American Marketing Association, and has articles forthcoming in Business Horizons, Industrial Marketing Management, Journal of Marketing Management, and European Journal of Marketing. Michael's research interests include value, strategic marketing evolution, luxury branding, and relationship selling.


At Company C there are challenges related to a lack of a centrally managed database. Its business processes are segregated and some are still manual. It still provides basic reports that are static and lack the analysis and visualization capabilities that come with business intelligence (BI). As a result Company C is not able to arrive at optimal decisions and returns. Company C currently does not have effective BI systems in place. A BI tool has been proposed to support systems at Company C to in order to achieve optimal business decisions. This study used primary and secondary data sources. Mixed methods were used. Focus group interviews and a survey method were used to collect data. This study produced a high-level BI Framework for increased optimized decision making and organisation performance. This framework will benefit Company C and related organizations to serve their customers well. KeywordsInsurance value chain, BI, optimized decision making, organization performance, framework.


Objective Transcription factor Olig1 plays an important role in oligodendrocytes differentiation and maturation.To construct the recombinant adenovirus vector carrying Olig1 gene.Methods The Olig1 gene was amplified by PCR from plasmid pDC315-Olig1.The Olig1 gene was inserted into pDC315-eGFP vector to construct shuttle plasmid pDC315-Olig1-eGFP.After confirmation by PCR and sequencing analysis,pDC315-Olig1-eGFP was cotransfected with the adenovirus skeleton plasmid pBHGlox-E1.3Cre into HEK 293 cells to produce replication defective recombinant adenovirus Ad5-Olig1-eGFP.Ad5-Olig1-eGFP was subsequently identified using PCR.The recombinant adenovirus was propagated by repeat infection of HEK 293 cells,and the virus titer was determined by 50% tissue culture dose(TCDI50) assay.Results PCR amplification,restriction digestion and sequencing analysis was performed to identify both the recombinant shuttle plasmid pDC316-Olig1-eGFP and the recombinant adenovirus vector Ad5-Olig1-eGFP were correctly constructed.The titer of recombinant adenovirus was 2.3 ×1011 v.p./mL.Conclusion Recombinant adenovirus Ad5-Olig1-eGFP was successfully constructed,which laid a foundation for future ischemic cerebral therapy study.


The present studies were carried out in order to explore the current status of river and ground waters quality and to evaluate effect of acid deposition at two watersheds of the Toyama-sawa and Gosiki-sawa Rivers in Oku-nikko from August 2000 to October 2001. The results showed that increase in the ionic concentrations of Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ of river water and groundwater tend to occur during the winter season (from December to February) in the Toyama-sawa River catchment. It was considered that the concentrations of ionic components derived from soil and rock increased because the infiltration amounts of meteoric water decreased as a result of snow cover. The decreases in Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in river water and groundwater of the Toyama-sawa and Goshiki-sawa were related to melted snow and/or heavy rain. It is considered that almost all Clin river water and groundwater was deposited from the atmosphere. With this premise in mind, we compared the water quality of the two rivers and groundwater with precipitation using an equivalent the ratio of SO4•¬2-/Cland NO3-/Cl-. Our results showed that the ratio of SO4•¬2-/Clin the Toyama-sawa was similar to that in the precipitation data, whereas that ratio in the Goshiki-sawa was much higher. It is assumed that the high concentration of SO4•¬2in the Goshiki-sawa was caused by volcanic activity. In contrast, the ratio of NO3-/Clin the Goshiki-sawa showed values similar to those in the precipitation data. However, this ratio in the Toyama-sawa was higher than that in the deposition data. In particular, the values of groundwater and soil extraction were higher than those of precipitation. These results suggest the possibility that the Toyama-sawa watershed is in the second stage of nitrogen saturation as defined by Aber et al. (1989).


The District Unit Plan Type Ⅱ applies to environmentally sensitive areas such as Green Zone, Management Zone, Agricultural Zone, and Natural Environment Reserve Zone which are required very carefully to the development of residential, industrial, commercial sites. However, it is possible to develop several types of development without plans or considering environment aspects so that they are required to develop several types of sites satisfying the demand of residents and the harmony with natural environment. PUD can provide sound residential environment by suggesting proper planning guidelines such as development density, green space ratio as well as the coordination with government officers, developers, residents, and experts. The purpose of this study is to suggest several prosperous directions compare to the planning guidelines between the district unit plan type Ⅱ and planned unit development systems. This study reaches to following conclusions; First, it is necessary to open citizen participation by flexibility of planing process and reflect urban planning committee, and separate the district unit plan type Ⅱ procedure as a preliminary plan and an actual plan. Second, it is necessary to establish flexible planning guidelines for accommodating the demand of residents and local aspects. Third, mixed land use and cluster development should be applied to new development by revising current planning guidelines. Fourth, it is necessary to provide open space more clearly and distinguish open space by recreational open space and natural open space. Fifth, it is necessary to apply diverse density incentives for encouraging the development of public facilities and open spaces. Sixth, it is necessary to suggest clear criterion on spatial plan for the better quality of life and environment.


The article deals with the organization and methodology of the audit in relation to events after the reporting date, for which: the essence of events after the reporting date, their classification, the existing regulatory framework for accounting and auditing events after the reporting date is disclosed. The article provides an overview of the procedures aimed at identifying events after the reporting date that may affect the auditor's opinion, and describes the procedure for interaction between the auditor and the audited entity in case of identifying events that are not reflected in the accounting (financial) statements after the reporting date before and after the date of the auditor's report. The problems of identifying events after the reporting date and taking response actions by the auditor have been identified.


Sharing data, sharing information, sharing results is becoming a priority within open scientific communities. The European volcanological community has been fostering the integration of information on active volcanoes through the EUROVOLC project. Institutions currently responsible for monitoring active volcanoes in Europe and over-seas territories, participate in Work-package 11 aiming to make the information consistently available to the general public and stakeholders through a friendly and interactive web-site. A European Catalogue of Volcanoes (ECV) has been created containing information on geological background, historical eruptive activity, eruptive scenarios and potential hazards for ten volcanoes (Etna and Vesuvio in Italy; Santorini in Greece; Chain de Puys, La Piton de la Fournaise and La Soufriere de la Guadaloupe in France and French territories; Teide and La Garrtoxa Fields in Spain and Canary Islands; Fogo and Sete Cidades in Azores Islands).All 32 active Icelandic volcanoes are accessible through the same interface (by sharing the backend with the Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes), enlarging the number of volcanoes accessible through ECV to 42. Additionally, the ECV includes a database of quantitative parameters characterizing selected eruptions, facilitating the adoption of such eruptive source parameters for numerical modelling validation, comparison and volcanic hazard assessment.

In this presentation the functionalities and features currently implemented in the ECV will be shown. The future steps to achieve the envisioned final result, by the end of the project in 2021, will also be introduced.


Noting that none of the small number of studies examining false belief performance in low-income children has addressed cultural practices that may help or hinder children's grasp of mental states, this study examined false beliefs from a cultural context, using an ethnically diverse low-income Head Start preschool population. Participating in the study were 36 black and 36 white preschool children with an average age of 53 months. Fifteen of the black children and 18 of the white children were enrolled in Head Start, and the remainder in a non-Head Start program. Children were given a false beliefs task embedded within a narrative: they were shown a wordless picture book, asked to look at the pictures, make up their own story, and listen to the experimenter's story. Afterward, children were asked forced-choice questions about the character's thoughts and the story. Analysis of covariance using language scores as the covariate revealed that black children scored significantly higher on two of the three questions asked. Findings suggested that black children's cultural experience with storytelling contributed to their success in answering questions about a character's beliefs within a narrative context. (Contains 13 references.) (KB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as eceived from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. The Role of Narratives in Low-Income, Black Children's False Belief Performance Stephanie M. Curenton, Melvin N. Wilson, and Angeline S. Lillard University of Virginia Paper presented at Head Start's 5th National Research Conference: Developmental and Contextual Transitions of Children and Families, Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice June, 2000 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1


This study was initiated to determine the feasibility of creating or enhancing fisheries in specific areas by releasing salmon smolts into those areas. In 1970, two groups each of approximately 100,000 1968-brood coho salmon, Oncorhynchuskisutch, were marked with a right ventral (RV) or a left ventral (LV) finciip at Little White Salmon National Fish Hatchery near Cooks, Wash. The LV-marked group was transported by truck to Youngs Bay, 19 km (12 miles) from the mouth of the Columbia River near Astoria, Oreg., and released in April 1970. The RV-marked group was released in May 1970 at Little White Salmon Hatchery, 242 km (150 miles) from the mouth of the Columbia River. The Youngs Bay and Columbia River gill-net fisheries were sampled for these marks in the fall of 1970 and 1971. The two groups homed to their respective areas of relpase with very little straying. The LV-marked group contributed 7.7 fish to the fisheries sampled for each 1,000 fish released, and the RV-marked group contributed 11.7 fish to the fisheries sampled per 1,000 fish released. However, a fair comparison of the contribution of the two groups is inhibited by 1) incomplete sampling for these marks in the ocean fisheries, 2) the difference in time and size of release of the groups, 3) the unknown effect of delayed mortality due to hauling the LV-marked group, and 4) duplication of these marks in the ocean fisheries. The Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., hatchery program has undergone considerable evolution in the past 10 yr. The escapement of adult fish to hatcheries is often more than sufficient to supply egg needs. In many cases, hatcheries receive siz able excesses of returning adults. These fish must be disposed of either by releases into streams, burial, donations, or sales. The sale of salmon car casses has caused considerable friction between commercial fishermen and fishery agencies. Salm on returning to hatcheries often arrive in a con dition which makes them unsuitable for donation or release into streams. Burial of the excess salm on is an obvious waste of a valuable resource. Taft and Shapovalov (1938) found the homing instinct of coho salmon, O. kisutch, to the parent stream to be fairly exact. Hasler and Wisby (1951), Wisby and Hasler (1954), and Groves et al. (1968) reported the importance of olfaction in homing of adult salmon. Hasler (1966) and Wagner (1969) felt that the organic odor of the parent stream was imprinted rapidly in juvenile salmon, possibly at the time of downstream migration. We felt that if


The year-2000 computer problem poses many risks to modern economic society. There are important roles that governmental bodies can play in helping to mitigate these risks. Some of these are regulatory and others legislative. This article outlines these initiatives.


Part 1 Before the First World War: the Welsh radical Lloyd George, labour and social reform trade and industrial relations. Part 2 The introduction of the war-time system of industrial relations: Lloyd George organizes for victory Lloyd George's "Charter for Labour" - the treasury conference the munitions of war act the South Wales miners' strike, July 1915. Part 3 Munitions and manpower, 1915-16: Lloyd George and the trade union leaders in 1915 enforcing dilution on the Clyde conscription and manpower shortage, 1915-16. Part 4 War-time Prime Minister: mounting discontent in the labour movement the May engineering strikes the Stockholm conference the manpower crisis, 1917-18.


Diabetes is one of the major challenging diseases as it is associated with other health complications including Atherosclerosis (narrowing of blood vessels), Heart diseases, Neuropathy (nerve damage in limbs), and Hypertension (high blood pressure). Its prevalence has been precarious since the last decade. Researchers have been trying hard to find the best remedy for diabetes since the last century and have developed a whole range of drugs of various chemical classes to control the mortality rate. Antidiabetic drugs synthesized during the last century are classified into three stages in the present review article and certain examples with their structure, mode of action, and applications are briefly discussed in the article. The future aspect, drug of choice, and success rate have been discussed as well.


Three stereoisomers: (2R,5S)-, (2S,5R)and (2S,5S)-Ac–pSer–Ψ[(Z)CH=C]–Pip–2-(2naphthyl)ethylamine were synthesized as inhibitors of Pin1. The two enantiomers, (2R,5S)and (2S,5R)-isomers, were synthesized through a 13-step route, with overall yields of 2.0% and 1.4%, respectively. The newly formed stereogenic center in the piperidyl ring was introduced by a Luche reduction, followed by a stereoselective [2,3]-Still-Wittig rearrangement. The (Z)to (E)alkene ratio in the rearrangement was (5.5:1). The (2S,5S)-isomer was first obtained as the epimerized by-product resulting from the (2S,5R)-isomer in the Na/NH3 debenzylation step, and the stereochemistry was confirmed by optical rotation. The IC50 values for Pin1 inhibition are: 52, 85, and 141 μM, respectively. We concluded that with this Z-alkene isostere, the S-configuration mimic of D-Ser or D-Pip was not optimal at either stereogenic center.


Shielded wire connection structure is provided with a ground: projection mask (4A), the protruding shielding portion (4A) having a shield layer (4) to expose the shield wire (1) shield the shield layer (4) projects into outside of the outer covering (5); a ground annular member (10,10A, 10B), at the ground position are arranged around the periphery of the shield wire (1) with an annular member (10,10A, 10B), and the ground annular member (10,10A, 10B) comprises an annular opening along a portion (13) of the receiving chamber (12, 22), and that the receiving chamber (12, 22) inserted into the receiving portion from the opening (13) a shield projecting portion (4A) and a ground line (7); and a pushing member (20,20B), inserted in the ground (7) and a shield projecting portion (4A), the pushing member (20, 20B) from the opening (13) is inserted and received in the receiving chamber (12, 22) to the shield the projecting portion (4A) is coupled to ground (7).


It was evaluated insecticidal action of watery extracts of stems and leaves of the alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham.) and of the friuits and leaves of tingui (Magonia pubescens St.Hil) on the biology of the Spodoptera frugfpenia (J 1797). The basic extracts had been prepared to a concentraction of 10% (100g of the crushed vegetable for 900m1 of water) of where had been diluted the following concentractions: T2 (20%) of the basic extract, T3 (40%),T4(600A.),T5(80%) and 'T6(100%) and a treatment testifies with distiled water (TI). The experiment consisted of five acrylic plates of 6 cm of diameter and 1,5 cm of height, contends in


The SDS electrophoresis reveals the asynchronous appearance of the three vitellins V1, V2, V3 during the ovarian cycle. It is always the V3 which appears first with the beginning of previtellogenesis. The vitellin degradation occurs late at the end of embryogenesis. The presence of a protein migrating at the level of V3 during the whole development is discussed.


. The ancient structures of the tribes in the globe yearn to conserve. It marks th eir races as natives of those places. Nowadays, some of those buildings have lost through natures and cultures. This study aims to get the pieces of knowledge of the Dayak Ngaju tribe. In a structure that calls as Betang. It formed of bases, cavities, floors, walls, and roofs. As known, some of these buildings have ruined, only a few of them still stand. The methods of research led to qualitative and descriptive. It is the way to get the results. At first, Betang reviewed through the critical comparisons of the elements and space backgrounds. Then, took some points in the hypotheses, once it structures analyzed. With the processed amongst functions, ties, measures, forms, and its parts fit the old. Hence, the appraisal gave the rest of the structures formed in percentages. These sums use as conservation values. The reviews were on the profer Dayak villages sort of Tumbang Gagu, Anoi, Malahoi, and Korik. It gave samples through sketches, pictures, and some interviews. It helped to finish the research. Study proves that Betang has left 42% off its old structured elements. It is a form that shaped the spaces .


The catalysts of nano complex Ce-Cu-K oxide loaded in the Y-Type zeolite were prepared by soak-citrate sol gel method,and its catalytic performance on oxidation of HCl was studied.The catalysts were characterized by XRD,N2 adsorption desorption isotherms and UV-Vis.The anti-crushing strength of catalyst particles was also determined.The results show that the active components in the zeolite form the crystal nano grains with 20~25nm diameter and a shell structure of nano complex with apparent grain gap when the loading is up to 24.9%.The nano composites layer is thickened with increasing of active components loading in the zeolite.The conversion ratio of HCl reaches 85% which is close to the equilibrium conversion ratio when the active component loading in the prepared catalyst is 28.8%.The conversion ratio of HCl is 80% and the radial anti-crushing strength of catalysts particles reaches 107 N cm 1 when 11% of silica gel is added into the catalyst and it could meet the requirements of strength and activity for the industrial catalyst of HCl oxidation.


Coating and gradient structure can improve the quality of products, but growth-induced stress generates in the forming process of the coating and the gradient structure due to the existence of the defects and metastable phase. The existence of growth-induced stress can conversely affect the quality of the product, even lead to cracking and product failure. This paper shows the model of stress calculation according to the crystal structure's defect theory.


An improved geoid model for Taiwan was developed using land and sea gravity anomalies and altimeter-derived geoid gradients by least-squares collocation. The estimated model accuracy ranges from 2 cm in the flat area to 10 cm in the mountainous area. This geoid model, along with GPS ellipsoidal heights, is used to determine the errors of the "orthometric heights" at Taiwan's first-order triangulation stations, yielding an RMS error of 0.97 m. Yushan, east Asia's highest peak, is now estimated to be 3,950.50 m above the mean level at Keelung from this geoid model and GPS measurements. With recent measured ellipsoidal heights at 33 benchmarks in eastern Taiwan, an average uplift rate of 4.46 cm/year is found along the Longitudinal Valley, and 3.02 cm/year along the coastal highway. This uplift is the result of the collision between the Philippine Sea plate and the Eurasian plate, and the rates are consistent with those derived from terrestrial measurements and tide gauge records.


Objective To investigate the glutaeus maximus musculo flap in the treatment of sacrococcygeal chordoma.Methods 20 cases of sacrococcygeal chordoma patients were accepted with operation treatment.All patients Using posterior approach with wide resection of the tumor,early 12 cases did not adopt the gluteus maximus musculo flap,later in 8 patients using the glutaeus maximus musculo flap packing defect.Results The two groups are few cases of bladder urination and bowel control ability is impaired,but late recurrence rate and incision complication rate was reduced significantly.Conclusion A wide range of operation excision is the best therapy for sacrococcygeal chordoma,but postoperative prone to wound complications and poor appearance,using the glutaeus maximus musculo flap packing,the incision complications can reduce greatly,The effectis satisfactory.


The moment of inertia of CH3NC about the z axis is very small, and the rotational spacings for increasing quantum number K are large. In the T-shaped transition state for isomerization to CH3CN, on the other hand, both the N and C atoms lie off the axis, and the moment of inertia for rotation in this direction becomes large; thus, for a given amount of angular momentum, the energies of the stable molecules are raised very much more than the energy of the transition state. In the limit of very high K, triangular C-N-C configurations become the most stable, and the two linear arrangements become transition states. As a result, the equilibrium arrangements of the heavy atoms in CH3NC and, to a lesser extent in CH3CN, become nonlinear at quite moderate rotational energies, and the possibility of detecting this distortion experimentally is discussed.


Previous studies on plant responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration [CO2] found the occurrence of elevated [CO2]–induced photosynthetic acclimation. Soybean cultivar Enrei was grown in pots and was subjected to either ambient [CO2] (ca. 380 μmol mol -1 ) or elevated [CO2] (ca. 580 μmol mol -1 ) regime. The half of the plants were transferred to the other [CO2] regime at flowering. Under elevated [CO2], photosynthetic rate was markedly enhanced at the early growth stage, whereas it was decreased at the later growth stage on both transferred and untransferred plants, indicating that the acclimation occurred at the later growth stage of the plants regardless of the transfer. Electron transport rate (ETR) curve of the plants under elevated [CO2] regime became plateau at about 300 μmol mol -1 intercellular [CO2] at the later growth stage (35 days after transfer (DAT)), which was less than the plateaued value under ambient [CO2] regime (320 μmol mol -1 ), indicating that the acclimation of photosynthesis occurred due to decreased intercellular [CO2] which might be restricted by the decrease in stomatal conductance, N or chlorophyll content in leaves. Moreover, the leaf N and chlorophyll content (SPAD reading) of the plants grown under elevated [CO2] regime was lower than those of the plants grown under ambient [CO2] regime at the later growth stage (80 days after sowing (DAS)/32 DAT). Thus the acclimation of photosynthesis of soybean appeared to be induced by decreases in stomatal conductance, N or chlorophyll content in leaves, although other factors such as starch accumulation in leaves at the later growth stage, which can restrict Rubisco activity in leaves, might be involved in the acclimation. Further research is needed to examine how other possible factors are involved in the acclimation of photosynthesis.


The rare earth elements impact nearly everyone in the world. All of the people living in advanced technological countries and almost all those living in third world countries utilize the rare earths in their everyday living—the car that one drives (gasoline is refined from oil using rare earth catalysts and catalytic converters reduce the polluting emissions from the automotive exhaust), watching the news on TV (the red and green colors in TV screens), the telephones and computers we use to communicate (the permanent magnets in speakers and disc drives), just to name a few examples. For a more complete listing, see Table 1 (on pages 34–35). The only way you can avoid the rare earths is to grab your sleeping bag and go into the deep forests or caves in the desert far from civilization without your cell phone or even lighter flints (which are made of iron and cerium-rich rare earths). In addition to the impact on our personal lives, the military security of the USA (and the rest of the world, likewise) is very dependent on the rare earths (permanent magnets in electric motors, computers, and guidance systems): this is also the case for our energy security (electric motors, batteries, wind turbines, petroleum refining, and fluorescent lighting). Today, 97% of the rare earths used in commerce come from mines in China (primarily the bastnasite Bayan Obo mine, Inner Mongolia), about 2% from India, and about one-half percent or less each from Brazil, Malaysia, and the USA. This precarious situation does not bode well for the technological future of the USA and the rest of the non-Chinese world (ROW). Although the ROW can get most of the rare earths needed, the prices for Chineseproduced elements have increased by about 100% over the past year, and as much as 900% for a selected one or two rare earths—surprisingly La and Ce.


The growth of high-quality computing needs triggers the development of infrastructure that requires huge costs and resources. This research applied OpenStack in Metal as a Service (MaaS) environment to provide multitenant infrastructure services in the form of virtual machines (IaaS). The capacity of this IaaS system can be configured based on the needs of the computing resources (CPUs, memory, storage, and network interfaces). Users within the tenant can request infrastructure services as their needs without requiring human interaction with each service provider.


Dissociative symptoms are common in patients with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) is a self-report measure that is often used to assess these symptoms quantitatively. The present study examined the factor structure of theDES in a sample of 129 male combat veterans with MD. Quantitative and conceptual criteria were used to select a four-factor solution. One of the subscales (labeled Depersonalization/Derealization) was consistent with a scale found in an earlier factor analysis using a nonclinical subject sample. Three other factors included Memory Disturbance, Absorption, and Distractibility. While these scales are intercorrelated, they may measure conceptually distinct types of dissociative symptoms.


Subjects having a posterior cruciate ligament sacrificing (PCLS) mobile bearing TKA seem to experience less translation during gait, but often achieve less weight-bearing flexion. More recently, posterior stabilisation has been added to PCLS mobile bearing TKA, hoping to increase flexion. Therefore, the objective of this multi-center study was to determine the in vivo kinematics for subjects implanted with a mobile bearing PS TKA that attempts to maintain high contact area. Subjects with 10 TKA from 2 surgeons were asked to perform maximum weight-bearing flexion (deep knee bend (DKB)) and gait while under fluoroscopic surveillance. During weight bearing flexion, the 3-D kinematics of the TKA were determined by analyzing fluoroscopic images in the sagittal plane at 30 degree increments. Fluoroscopic images taken in the frontal plane from four increments during the stance phase of gait were analyzed. The average weight-bearing flexion was 116 degrees and the average medial and lateral anteriorposterior (AP) translation was posterior with −1.9 mm and −5.4 mm, respectively, from full extension to maximum weight-bearing flexion. The average femorotibial axial rotation from full extension to maximum weight-bearing flexion was 3.9 degrees. During the stance phase of treadmill gait, patients experienced 0.8 mm (0.1 mm to 2.3 mm, SD=0.8 mm) of "pure" mediolateral translation of the femur relative to the tibia. The femorotibial axial rotation was 4.6 degrees from heel-strike to toe-off (Table 3). The posterior femoral rollback and axial rotation patterns were similar to the normal knee, albeit experiencing less overall motion. More noticeably, subjects in this study experienced a significantly greater weight-bearing flexion than previous subjects analyzed with a mobile bearing PCLS TKA and more reproducible "fan-like" patterns, where the lateral condyle rolled greater posteriorly than the medial condyle.


This article reconstructs the unfolding of events in India in March–April 1919 that led to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. It evaluates the circumstances and the administrative and military response from a legal history perspective. It argues that the Jallianwala Bagh massacre was not a unique event but culminated colonial rage against a broader anti-colonial mobilisation.


The virtual address bar user interface control is provided. To the virtual address bar comprises a plurality of interactive segments, each segment corresponds to a predetermined filter for selecting content in a computer file system. Comprehensively, interactive segments represent a virtual address for selecting content. Selecting an interactive segment in the virtual address bar causes a selected segment of the next segment removed from the virtual address. The user can select a peer filter for a segment to replace that segment's current filter and removes the update of the segment following the segment. Virtual address bar may be selectively configured to operate directly standing conventional address can be re-configured to directly operate a virtual address book. Additional filter segments are added to the end of the current filter segment. Existing filter segments that conflict with the added segment are removed from the virtual address. Computer file system, an address bar, a virtual address bar, a segment, a peer filter


A stem gall fly, Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) was released in 2007 and 2008 at Kerala Agricultural University Campus for the biological control of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson and the releases made during 2008 resulted in its establishment. There ws a significant reduction in plant height on the galled plants at 30 and 60 days after gall formation. The gall fly could spread up to 500m, 100m, 50m and 100m from release points towards north, south, east and west, respectively. The gall fly could successfully overcome the dry season from January to May at Thrissur.


A unified approach to cooperative and non- cooperative Separation Assurance and Collision Avoidance (SA&CA) is presented addressing the technical and regulatory challenges of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) integration into all classes of airspace. Additionally, the emerging UAS Traffic Management (UTM) system requirements are captured and addressed in this novel unified framework. Uncertainties in navigation and tracking error measurements associated to each manned/unmanned platform (as seen by all other conflicting platforms) are combined statistically to generate avoidance volumes in the airspace. The unified approach to SA&CA provides the required tools to generate uncertainty volumes at discrete time intervals as a function of traffic relative dynamics and thus supports the generation of dynamic geo-fences and multiplatform UTM system implementation. Case studies are presented for evaluating the feasibility of the approach in an urban environment. In this approach, real-time and off-line determination of the UAS safe-to-fly envelope is performed based on the installed avionics sensors and on the own/intruder platform dynamics. Additionally, the required sensors are identified for the UAS to safely fly a certain predefined envelope supporting the development of the SA&CA system certification case and thus providing a pathway to certification.


This paper studies the multi-image calibration of a camera and how to carry it out in an automatic way making use of a projector. To prepare for multi-image calibration, it is necessary to calibrate the camera. Next, calibrate the projector using that camera. Then calibrate any camera with similar focal length to the previous one. The system doesn't need to incorporate any position platform and is completely automatic once it is disposed. It is based on the generation of images of a virtual pattern. This virtually generated pattern is projected on a fixed blackboard or a wall. Different on-line generated virtual patterns are visualized to carry out the auto-calibration. It is simple and can be repeated for a number of cameras that have an appropriate focal length. Also an improved method for focus of expansion using the same ideas is presented to obtain the principal point for a zoom camera.


The rapid immunochromatography for Helicobacter pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test is a recently developed method for detection of Heicobacter pylori (H. pylori)  infection. The objective of this study was to compare rapid HpSA test with a conventional enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) and to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in symptomatic (recurrent abdominal pain/RAP) Indonesian children. One hundred and two high school children aged 12–18 years old in Bandung with RAP from July to November 2008 were enrolled, excluding children who had additional symptoms, such as diarrhea or fever. First study was performed in 102 samples in laboratory of Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Helicobacter pylori infection was detected by a conventional EIA and rapid test. A second study was performed on a stored collection of 32 feces samples previously tested positive for H. pylori by EIA in laboratory of LUMC; these samples were retested by both assays. The results showed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the rapid test were 100%, 98.2%, accuracy 98.5%, 92.6% and 100%, respectively, from 134 tested samples. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection among Indonesian children was 3% by EIA at first testing. In conclusion, the prevalence of H. pylori infection among symptomatic Indonesian children is very low and the new developed Pylori-Strip test shows good performance, very fast, and easy to use compared to EIA.  [ MKB . 2014;46(1):52–6] Key words : Children, diagnostic, Helicobacter pylori, immunochromatography Perbandingan Pemeriksaan Enzyme-Immunoassay dan Rapid Immunchromatography untuk Mendeteksi Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen Pemeriksaan Helicobacter pylori stool antigen (HpSA) menggunakan rapid immunochromatography (rapid HpSA) merupakan metode yang saat ini sedang berkembang untuk mendeteksi infeksi H. pylori. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membandingkan metode rapid HpSA dengan metode konvensional yaitu enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) dan menentukan prevalensi infeksi H. pylori pada anak dengan gejala sakit perut berulang (SPB) di Indonesia. Sebanyak 102 anak sekolah menengah usia 12–18 tahun di Bandung dengan keluhan SPB ikut dalam penelitian ini, dilaksanakan dari Juli–November 2008. Anak dengan gejala tambahan, seperti diare dan demam, dikeluarkan dari penelitian. Penelitian pertama dilakukan pada sampel feses 102 anak di laboratorium Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Helicobacter pylori terdeteksi baik dengan pemeriksaan EIA konvensional maupun rapid test. Penelitian kedua dilakukan pada 32 buah sampel feses simpanan di laboratorium LUMC yang sebelumnya menunjukkan hasil positif dengan pemeriksaan EIA, sampel ini juga diperiksa menggunakan kedua metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sensitifitas, spesifisitas, akurasi, positive predictive value, dan negative predictive value, dengan hasil 100%, 98,2%, 98,5%, 92,6%, dan 100% dari 134 sampel yang diuji. Prevalensi infeksi H. pylori pada anak Indonesia dengan keluhan SPB sekitar 3% pada pemeriksaan pertama. Simpulan, prevalensi infeksi H. pylori pada anak SPB di Indonesia sangat sedikit dan pemeriksaan Pylori-strip (rapid test) merupakan pemeriksaan yang sangat baik dan cepat serta mudah digunakan dibandingkan dengan EIA. [ MKB . 2014;46(1):52–6] Kata kunci : Anak, diagnosis, Helicobacter pylori, immunochromatography DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v46n1.228


Dendritic cells vaccine (DCV) is a newly emerging and potent form of immune therapy used to treat cancer. DCV enhances the circumvented immune system by educating and reprogramming it to mount a specific immune response against the target. Although this vaccination approach has been effective and feasible, optimal techniques for other aspects of vaccine production are still in the experimental stage. The basic aspects of dendritic cell (DC) biology and functions, along with the DCV preparation process and selected applications are discussed here.


The purpose of this study was to examine school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') training and implementation of research-based behavioral intervention strategies and to determine if there were differences in the SLPs' training and implementation based on school district size and years of experience.

 Nonexperimental and quantitative survey research methods, using a researcher-developed survey with 21 response items inquiring about training and implementation of research-based behavioral intervention strategies, were distributed to current members of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Seventy-eight qualified respondents completed the survey. The researchers utilized multiple independent-samples two-tailed
 t
 tests for analysis.

 Results indicated that SLPs in the study had some training in research-based behavioral intervention strategies and that these strategies were implemented sometimes during speech therapy sessions. There was no statistically significant difference in amount of SLP training or implementation based on years of experience or district size. Insight was gained on the types of behaviors that SLPs encountered during speech therapy sessions and how those behaviors negatively impacted their ability to provide services as well as their overall job satisfaction.

 Although K–8 SLPs have some training and sometimes implement research-based behavioral intervention strategies, regardless of their years of experience or the size of the district in which they worked, SLPs identified several topics of behavior intervention strategies that would be helpful to address in future training. To better prepare SLPs to work with students who exhibit behavioral issues, more training in research-based behavioral intervention strategies in preparation programs and professional development plans should be considered.


ABSTRACT: An innovative super-long-span spatial structure, cylindrical latticed-built-up-member-system reticulated mega-structure with double-layer grid substructures, is present and studied in this paper. The structural configuration including formation of members of the main structure and layout of the substructures is first analyzed. And the calculation methods are studied, including the equivalent cross-sectional areas of the latticed built-up members, internal forces of the sub-members, and the optimization of the whole structure. Then the optimization analyses of the cross sections of members are carried out aiming for the minimum steel consumption of the structure. In addition, comparison on steel consumption of the reticulated mega-structure with that of the conventional reticulated structure is carried out in detail, and the reasonable span range of the cylindrical latticed-built-up-member-system reticulated mega-structure is last obtained.


This brief is concerned with the problem of designing observer-based controllers for two-dimensional switching linear systems with multiple focuses. Due to the deficiency of effective techniques of system analysis and synthesis, it is difficult to investigate the problem. The main technique of the common region pole assignment is used to solve the difficult problem. A switched state observer is designed for the switching systems under arbitrary switchings via the common Lyapunov function method. Based on the observer designed and by means of the common region pole assignment method, this brief designs an observer-based region stabilization controller for such systems under arbitrary periodic switchings. The results obtained is applied to a switching direct current (DC) circuit.


The incidence of sap suckers, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Bemisia tabaci, Nezara viridula, Tetranychus urticae and Earias vitella were first noticed at 4th standard week, while, Aphis gossypii and Dysdercus koenigii in 6th and 5th standard week, respectively. The maximum mean population of Bemisia tabaci (1.70 flies plant−1), Nezara viridula (2.59 bugs plant−10), D. koenigii (8.61 bugs plant−10), T. urticae (23.51 mites leaf−1), shoot damage (8.8%) and fruit damage (15.6%) byE. vittella was observed in cv. Pusa sawani. While A. biguttula biguttula and Aphis gossypii population was maximum 6.33 hoppers plant−1 and 1.83 aphid plant−1 in cv. Karishma and Deepika, respectively. The cv. Deepika had minimum infestation of B. tabaci (1.01 fly plant−1), N. viridula (1.05 bug plant−10), D. koenigii (4.35 bugs plant−10), T. urticae (16.99 mite leaf −1), shoot damage (5.5%) and fruit damage (12.2%) by E. vittella in Bundelkhand Agroclimatic condition. The population of insectpests and mite increased gradually after their first incidence and reached its peak at 10th, 9th, 12th, 12th, 17th and 13th standard week of A. biguttula biguttula, B. tabaci, N. viridula, A. gossypii, D. koenigii and T. urticae, respectively. The shoot damage (20.2%) and fruit damage (30.9%) by Earias vitella were noticed maximum at 13th and 16th standard week.


This paper assesses changes in the dynamics of applications for unemployment benefits in response to the abolition of regional restrictive measures during the first wave of COVID-19 spread in Russia. This assessment is interesting from the perspective of developing anti-crisis support measures for the population. The assessment is based on weekly-regional panel data using the staggered difference-in-differences method. After the lifting of restrictive measures, the number of new applications for unemployment benefits does not decrease significantly. The result remains robust when an alternative measure of the stringency of restrictions is used, such as an indicator for the validity period of digital passes instead of data on the stages of lifting restrictions. A comparison of official data on the effect of restrictive measures with the Yandex self-isolation index is provided.


Family Resemblance and Measures of Central Tendency in an M -dimensional Space as Determinants of Typicality in Categories Eef Ameel (email@example.com) Leuven University, Department of Psychology; Tiensestraat 102 B-3000 Leuven, Belgium Gert Storms (email@example.com) Leuven University, Department of Psychology; Tiensestraat 102 B-3000 Leuven, Belgium Abstract to members of contrast categories. The more charac- teristic features an instance has in common with other category members and the less characteristic features it has in common with members of contrast categories, the higher its family resemblance and the more typical it is of its category. In contrast to this feature-based approach to similar- ity, other approaches evolved from the category learning tradition, start from a geometrical representation of a category. Instances of the category are represented as points in an M -dimensional space. Similarity is defined in terms of distances in the geometrical space. Small distances between points correspond to very similar in- stances, large distances to very dissimilar instances. The prototype corresponds to the point in the M -dimensional space that possesses the central tendency of dimen- sion values, averaging over all of the concept's instances (Nosofsky, 1992; see also Minda & Smith, 2001 and Gar- denfors, 2000 for geometric approaches to similarity and categorization). Some researchers have extended the notion of a proto- type to a caricature of the category, i.e. a prototype with more extreme values on the dimensions that distinguish the category from other categories (Goldstone, 1996). The present study addresses the issue of what proto- type model best determines typicality . Barsalou (1985) found different determinants of typicality for common taxonomic categories and goal-derived categories, in- cluding an exemplar's similarity to the central tendency of its category. The main question in the present pa- per concerns the difference in prediction quality between family resemblance and distance-based similarity to a centroid, using categories of common household objects (Malt, Sloman, Gennari, Shi & Wang, 1999). Three possible determinants of typicality were examined in categories of common household objects: family re- semblance and an exemplar's similarity to a geometrical centroid of the category, either unweighted or weighted for name frequencies. Similarity to the geometrical cen- troids in 2- to 6-dimensional spaces outperformed family resemblance in predicting typicality. Finally, optimizing the prediction of typicality in an M -dimensional space resulted in an abstract representation far outside the set of objects, suggesting that people seem to use a carica- ture to judge typicality. The position of this external prototype was most influenced by the typicality of non- members. Introduction Category boundaries are fuzzy rather than clear-cut. For most concepts, like furniture, there exist border- line cases, like carpet or desk lamp, that are not con- sistently assigned to the category. These exemplars are very atypical of the category furniture, in contrast to other exemplars, like chair and table, that are very typ- ical members of furniture. Members of a category vary in how good an example they are of their category or in how typical they are of their category (Rips, Shoben & Smith, 1973; Rosch, 1973). Analogously, nonmembers of a category vary in how atypical they are of their cate- gory (Barsalou, 1985). For example, a robin is a better nonmember of furniture than a sleeping bag. This con- tinuum of category representativeness, is referred to as graded structure. Prototype models for concept repre- sentation provide an account for the graded structure of categories. They assume that instances of everyday concepts are compared to an abstract summary or pro- totype of the concept. Category membership depends on the degree of similarity to this prototype (Rosch, 1978). A prototype can be defined in several ways: It is usu- ally assumed to be the central tendency of the category (Hampton, 1979, 1993, Smith, Shoben & Rips, 1974), where central tendency refers to any kind of central sum- mary information about a category's instances (e.g. av- erage value of the category instances, median,...). The more similar an instance is to the central tendency of the category, the more typical it is of its category. Ac- cording to Rosch and Mervis (1975) family resemblances underlie the prototype structure of categories. Family re- semblance is defined as an instance's average similarity to other category members and its average dissimilarity Study Three different determinants of typicality were exam- ined: family resemblance and two measures of central tendency in an M -dimensional space: unweighted and weighted for name frequencies. Finally, we also looked at the nature of the abstract representation dictated by the optimized prediction of typicality. Method Materials The categories for which we wanted to predict graded structure were derived from a previous naming study with common household objects (Ameel,


A complete MCNP model of the PBMR equilibrium core is presented, which accounts for the same fuel regions defined in the PBMR core management code, as well as for complete fuel and reflector temperature distributions. This comprehensive 3D model is the means to calculate and characterize the neutron and photon boundary sources of the equilibrium core, and is also used to support some specific core neutronic studies needing detailed geometry modelling. Due to the geometrical modelling approach followed, an unrealistic partial cutting of fuel kernels and pebbles is introduced in the model. The variations introduced by this partial cutting both on the packing fraction and on the uranium load of the modelled core and its corresponding effect on core reactivity and flux levels, have been investigated and quantified. A complete set of high-temperature cross-section data was applied to the calculation of the PBMR equilibrium core, and its effect on the calculated core reactivity is also reported. (authors)


The plasma display device of the present invention as to enhance the refined to remove the heat sink by heat dissipation by attaching a hybrid circuit modules in the reinforcing member for reinforcing the strength of the chassis base to reduce the thickness of products, a plasma display panel, the plasma display panel a chassis base for supporting and attaching to one side thereof, a drive circuit which is connected is attached to the other side of the chassis base so as to control the plasma display panel is provided on a substrate with a substrate, and the driver circuit comprises a hybrid circuit module for controlling the plasma display panel and the side of the hybrid circuit module is attached to a reinforcing member formed on the chassis base. A plasma display, a chassis base, heat conductive sheet, a heat sink, the connecting member


Fd like to offer a few notes towards an exploration of what I see as the peculiarly 'doubled' or 'in-between' status of Scots and the inevitable problems of 'translatability' which arise from this. I may stretch a point here for the sake of argument, but I don't think that what I propose is in any way against the spirit of 'To hear ourselves as others hear us'. Iain Galbraith suggests that he may be subtracting a certain cultural tension from a Gaelic poem (when translated straight into German) by omitting its curious doppelganger the parallel version in English most usually supplied, indeed, by the poet him/herself. The point is persuasive and well made, and Galbraith goes on to discuss the peculiar status of Scots, particularly modern writing in 'synthetic Scots' and the complex, ironic, and destabilizing effects achieved by poets such as Robert Crawford and W. N. Herbert in the 'dual text' poems in Sharawaggi. Following what Galbraith says about the nuances of translating Gaelic, I would like to propose that there is a similar, implicit, 'dual text' effect even in what is published on its own as a modern poem in full Scots. There is, of course, no literal 'English text' middle term to omit when we move from Scots directly to German or a dialect of German, perhaps, chosen to approximate the regional or quasi-regional nuances of the Scots. But when a passage of modern Scots is read or recited in Britain, even within a Scots-speaking constituency, isn't there still some trace in the air, however subtle, of what we might call the latent presence of English? Iain cites a useful passage from Bakhtin:


Subject: Submission of case studies on implementation of integrated marine and coastal area management Dear Madam/Sir, In paragraph 7 of decision VIII/22, the Conference of the Parties to the Convention requested the Executive Secretary, in collaboration with Parties, relevant organizations and indigenous and local communities, to compile and analyze case studies on successful and unsuccessful implementation of integrated marine and coastal area management (IMCAM), and to provide lessons learned for the consideration of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice before the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties. Pursuant to this decision, the CBD Secretariat has collaborated with relevant organizations, including the Partnership in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA), and compiled relevant case studies into a CBD database (available at: http://www.cbd.int/case-studies; enter " IMCAM " under " keyword search " and select " search "). Key lessons learned were synthesized from these case studies as well as the 3rd and 4th National Reports, and incorporated into the background document prepared for in-depth review of the programme of work on marine and coastal biological diversity, as contained in document UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/14/INF/2. Building upon these initial efforts, the CBD Secretariat is currently expanding the database of IMCAM case studies. I therefore invite Parties, other Governments, relevant organizations, and indigenous and local communities to submit case studies on successful and unsuccessful implementation of IMCAM as well as any relevant information relating to the lessons learned from the implementation of IMCAM, in accordance with the attached guidelines. A sample case study is also attached. Kindly submit the requested information as an electronic file to firstname.lastname@example.com as soon as possible, but no later than 30 November 2010. Case studies may also be mailed to the Secretariat at the address indicated below.  Title of project  Summary Please provide a concise summary of the case study by briefly describing what are the main issues/problems being addressed, the actions which have been taken and any results which have been achieved.  Background/Problem Please provide some contextual information or description of the issue.  Methodology/ Implementation Please describe the results (changes observed between the beginning and the end of the activities) and the impacts (changes of behaviour or well-being of the target groups or main stakeholders involved) which have been achieved with respect to the activities undertaken  Results/Impact Please describe the results (changes observed between the beginning and the …


This work aim to analyze the hydrodynamic process of oueme basin catchment (basin located in Benin between 7°58N and 10°12N latitude and 1°35 and 3°05E longitude). From rainfall and discharge data chronic rates over the period 2000-2009, empirical hydrological modeling based on linearization of Boussinesq's equation and least actions principle methods were used to predict the mechanism of the water drain, to determine the streamflow recession curves to the watershed scale and compare the modeling findings with hygrogram obtained by applied of principle of the least actions. An analysis of drying up showed a varied trend in four sub-basins. At Beterou and Bonou sub-basin, the non-linear character observed reflects a succession of phases of drying up. A conceptual linearization formulation of the basic equations of Boussinesq considering the non-linear character of the drying up of the two sub-basins helped simulate low flow rates with high efficiency and to determine the types low flow curves. Successfully comparing analyzed of modeling findings with recession curves obtained by least actions principle confirm the heterogeneity of recession nature at oueme basin scale. Key-words: basic equations of Boussinesq, hydrodynamic process, least actions principle, oueme basin catchment recession analysis ————————————————————


Introduction
Enterobacteriaceae are often reported as a typical bacterial population in raw milk from any mammalian origin. The frequent concern with bacteria, especially those related to this group of microorganisms, is their increasing resistance to antibiotics and the emergence of enzymes that degrade them. This study aimed to characterize isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from raw goat milk to expose associated safety problems and possible technological challenges.

Methods
Isolates from 21 raw goat milk samples purchased in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were identified by mass spectrometry, after isolation on Violet Red Bile Glucose agar. The isolates were subjected to evaluation of proteolytic, lipolytic, hemolytic, and biofilm producing activities. Furthermore, resistance profiles and production capacity of enzymes that degrade antimicrobials were evaluated.

Results
Almost half of the 59 isolates (48%) belonged to the Enterobacter genus, with a significant prevalence of the Serratia (20%) and Klebsiella (11%) genera. The majority showed biofilm-producing activity (90%), while the activity of degradative enzymes was observed in approximately 20%. Few isolates were found with a profile of resistance to antimicrobials, with only one isolate of Klebsiella variicola being classified as multidrug-resistant. However, chromogenic culture media showed high production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases (54% and 46%, respectively), as a presumptive identification.

Conclusions
A considerable degree of virulence was observed in the Enterobacteriaceae isolates, as well as the potential for undesirable technological damage. The characterization and identification of the isolates contributes to the improvement of the risk monitoring process of goat's milk.


The utility model discloses an improved screw drying device which comprises a casing. The casing is provided with a heat exchange jacket, a hot air inlet and a hot air outlet connected with the heat exchange jacket. The inner cavity of the casing is provided with a screw mixing axle, a mixing blade device at the screw mixing axle and an exhaust gear. The screw mixing axle is a hollow mixing axle, one end of which is provided with a gas inlet with a rotating joint and the other end is provided with a gas outlet with a rotating joint. The utility model can heat to the inside and outside of material simultaneously and has the structure to heat adopting gas and hot air simultaneously, make full use of gas produced by boiler, thereby improving heat efficiency, reducing consumption, improving work efficiency, increasing production and saving production cost.


The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of detection of opportunistic sexually transmitted infections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma spp, Human papillomavirus) in HIV-infected women planning pregnancy. Methods and Results: We examined 31 HIV-positive Caucasian women. They sought pregnancy planning advice at the Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems in Irkutsk during 2014-2015. The average age of the women was 30.9±4.5 years (20-39 years). A clinical diagnosis of HIV was made at Irkutsk Regional AIDS Center. All HIV-infected women were tested for the presence of DNA of pathogens of bacterial and viral sexually transmitted infections in the epithelium of the cervical canal. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 1(3.2%) participant, Trichomonas vaginalis in 1(3.2%), Ureaplasma spp. in 14(45.2%), and HPV in 22(71%). Co-infection of HPV and Ureaplasma spp. was observed in 35.5% of HIV-positive women. Conclusion: the prevention and detection of sexually transmitted infections in HIV-infected individuals remain a public health priority and an integral component of HIV primary care.


Synopsis

A new species of Stilpon Loew is described from material of both sexes taken in Portugal, and the definition of the closely similar S. nubila Collin is supplemented to facilitate comparison.


This study was aimed to explore the personal and professional well-being among Croatian early childhood teachers. Personal well-being is operationalized by an early childhood teachers' optimism, positive emotions, flow and life satisfaction, and their professional well-being is measured by their work satisfaction. Acquired data should result in practical implications for educators' work improvement from the aspect of positive psychology at the workplace. A total of 179 early childhood teachers from the Kindergarten "Rijeka", averaged age of 43 years and averaged 20 years of service, participated in this research. Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Rijeka & Kindergarten Rijeka, CROATIA


Abstract We here describe the process by which a complex model set of equations and boundary conditions may be rationally reduced to a simpler and more manageable set by the. processes of non-dimensionalization and asymptotic approximation. Such a reduced model (derived elsewhere) is then presented for an incompressible, two-dimensional ice flow. It consists of two coupled equations for the stream function and enthalpy variable, together with a complex set of boundary conditions. The important dimensionless parameters which arise are given, and various limiting values of these are commented on. Nye's (1960) equation for kinematic waves may be reproduced, and a non-linear analysis of this reveals that disturbances reach the glacier snout in finite time, and are uniformly bounded there: in the particular case considered here, one can also show that the temperature field is stable. It is shown that the effect of introducing a (realistic) sliding law which is continuously dependent on the temperature has a major effect on the bedrock temperature profile. Lastly we consider seasonal waves using a kinematic wave equation based on a plausible form of the sliding law when cavitation is present. The main observed features are qualitatively reproduced.


We conjecture the existence of a `compactified' version of Fukaya's homology for symplectic manifolds, which carries a canonical 2-Gerstenhaber algebra structure. This may help to understand the 2-Lie algebra structure involved in models for interacting D-branes.


This book of essays, poems, and interviews by Islamic and Sufi poets, scholars, and storytellers is a much-needed compendium of works from a complex tradition that holds timeless messages for contemporary readers. Contributors range from Rumi to Seyyed Hossei Nasr to Emma Clark -- together they create a mosaic of the Muslim view of the world and the cosmos, as well as of Sufi rhythms and rituals. Contributions like "Out of the Hidden Root" and "Slumber Seizes Him Not" promote a deeper understanding of one of the world's great, and most misunderstood, spiritual traditions.


We consider the propagation of both fully coherent and partially coherent complex scalar fields, through linear shift-invariant imaging systems. The state of such imaging systems is characterized by a countable infinity of aberration coefficients, the values for which can be viewed as coordinates for an infinity of orthogonal axes that span the aberration space into which the output propagates. For fully coherent complex scalar disturbances, we study the propagation of the field through the imaging system, while for partially coherent disturbances it is the two-point correlation functions whose propagation we study. For both systems we write down generalized propagators in both real and Fourier space, differential equations for evolution through aberration space, transport equations, and Hamilton-Jacobi equations. A generalized form of the Wolf equations is a special case of our formalism.


A recent study (see preceding article) was conducted to evaluate bacterial mutagenicity of extracted particulates collected from air in Houston, Texas. Initially the solvent system used to extract these particulates was the 1:1:1 v/v mixture of benzene, methanol, and dichloromethane used by Pitts et al [1] in a similar study in California. Because of recent concern about the genetic toxicity of benzene, efforts are being made, where possible, to substitute other solvents, and a suggestion was made to try cyclohexane.

The recent National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) documents on exposure to coal tar [2] and to asphalt fumes [3] have recommended use of cyclohexane to extract air samples from occupationally exposed air filters. In addition, recent publications [4–6] have used cyclohexane to extract polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and aliphatic hydrocarbons from particulate air samples. A study done by Stanley et al [7] found cyclohexane almost 100% efficient at extracting benzo(a)pyrene. The present study was designed to examine the difference in efficiency of extraction between cyclohexane and a 1:1:1 mixture of benzene, methanol, and dichloromethane, using the Ames assay as a test for mutagenicity.


The goal of the presented research was syntheses of the ultrafine and nanopowder blends by Mechanical Alloying from Fe-W-Al-Ti-Ni-B-C compositions for further application as a precursor for fabrication bulk High-Entropy Alloy (HEA) by explosive compaction technology. The presented paper describes the preliminary investigations of mechanical alloying of Fe-W-Al-Ti-Ni-B-C powders. Laboratory vibrating sieve equipment was used for sorting the initial powders for the reduction of particle size. For the experiments were used powders of Fe-W-Al-Ti-Ni-B-C system consisting of five major metallic and two minor non-metallic B and C elements were used for mechanical alloying. The crystalline coarse Aluminum, Titanium, Carbon and Nickel, fine-grained iron and tungsten and amorphous Boron powders were used as initial components. The Fe, W, Al, Ti and Ni powders were preliminary checked by "Explorer 5000 XRF" by Skyray instrument and verified. Based on the literature review, theoretical investigation and phase diagrams for mechanical alloying were selected two compositions with the following molar ratio: Fe20W15Al15Ti20Ni20B5C5; Fe25W25Al10Ti15Ni15B5C5; The mechanical alloying was realized on the high energy ball mill with zirconium oxide jars and balls. The ball to powder mass ratio was 10:1, the rotation speed was 500rpm. The process was carried out in dry conditions. The time of mechanical alloying was 5h, 10h and 14 h. The powders were prepared for preliminary analyses and assessment of particle size. The SEM and optical microscopy results of mechanical alloying are presented in the paper.


This paper presents experimental studies of magnetic and other properties for Fe-AI-N I Si-N multilayered films prepared by two-source rf sputtering. The addition of small amount of Al in Fe-N films was found to be effective in preventing the grain growth of the fine crystal. Magnetic properties and internal stress for multilayered films of Fe-AI-N / Si-N showed a strong dependence on sputtering gas pressure, and it is difficult to obtain soft magnetic Fe-Al-N / Si-N as-deposited films with low internal stress. However, internal stress showed a strong dependence also upon annealing temperature, and after annealing internal stress is reduced. The magnetostriction for Fe-AI-N / Si-N films was found to depend on nitrogen concentration and annealing temperature. The Fe-AI-N (500 A)/ Si-N (12 A) multilayered films with high saturation magnetic flux de~sity of 220 kG exhibited a low coercivity 0.1-0.36 Oe, a low internal stress below 2 x 10 dyne/cm and a low magnetostriction below 1 x 10-after annealed at 550 0 C.


The objective of this study was to determine muscle colo ur of beef carcasses using digital image analysis. Fourteen beef carcasses were selected from slaughterhouses. Data collected on these carcasses included colorimeter measurements and digital images and measurements of muscle colour ( L*, a*, b* values) and muscle pH from longissimus muscle at 24 hours after slaughtering. The discrepancies between colorime ter and digital image analysis values of L*, a*, b* were large (25.6±3.37, 3.01±3.38 and 2.25±3.56, respectively). There we re significant differences between L* values (P 0.05). The correlation coefficient was foun d significant (P <0.05) between pH and a* values (r=0.83). The results showed that prediction abil ity of digital image analysis was low for prediction of muscl e colour. However, it was concluded that red value (a*) can be predicted by digital image anal ysis and there is a need for further studies in order to develop better techniques to use for predic tion.


Abstract With industrialization and human activities, shellfish may be contaminated by various pollutants such as heavy metals. This study aims at the concentrations of As, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, Sb and Pb in shellfish collected from Fujian of China, and the risk of heavy metals in shellfish on human health based on target hazard quotients (THQ). Results showed that the THQ values of the elements were far below 1, except for As with an average value of 1.148 in razor clam. No detrimental health effects of heavy metals on humans health was observed by daily consumption of mussel and oyster, but the exposed population to short-necked clam, scallop and razor clam might experience noncarcinogenic health risks because each of the total THQ values was above 1 for the three shellfish.


s 8 The Estimation of Input-Oriented Environmental Efficiency of Agricultural Products (Case Study: Environmental Efficiency of Rice Production) Morteza Molaei , Nima Hesari, Ozra Javanbakht 1 Received: 14 Jan.2017 Accepted:13 Aug .2017 Abstract However, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the production of agricultural products increase crop yield; but cause huge damages to natural resources and the environment. In this study, the chemical fertilizer and pesticide inputs is considered as desirable inputs in the production process that help to increase crop yield. Then, those inputs is assumed harmful (undesirable) inputs that damage the environment. Required data collected using questionnaires from 140 paddy farmers in Babolsar city. Stochastic frontier production function method was used to estimate technical and efficiencies. Results showed that the average technical and environmental efficiency are 87 and 77 percent, respectively. It is observed that environmental efficiency is far less than the technical efficiency. In other words, in order to estimate close to reality production efficiency, harmful (undesirable) chemical inputs must be considered in the production process. Factors affecting technical and environmental efficiency shows that higher education, participation in extension courses and land defragmentation increase the technical and environmental efficiencies significantly. It is recommended to rise farmer's awareness through their participation in extension courses, as well as land defragmentation to increase efficiency in the region. Also, it is suggested that external effects of production enters in the estimation of production efficiency.However, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the production of agricultural products increase crop yield; but cause huge damages to natural resources and the environment. In this study, the chemical fertilizer and pesticide inputs is considered as desirable inputs in the production process that help to increase crop yield. Then, those inputs is assumed harmful (undesirable) inputs that damage the environment. Required data collected using questionnaires from 140 paddy farmers in Babolsar city. Stochastic frontier production function method was used to estimate technical and efficiencies. Results showed that the average technical and environmental efficiency are 87 and 77 percent, respectively. It is observed that environmental efficiency is far less than the technical efficiency. In other words, in order to estimate close to reality production efficiency, harmful (undesirable) chemical inputs must be considered in the production process. Factors affecting technical and environmental efficiency shows that higher education, participation in extension courses and land defragmentation increase the technical and environmental efficiencies significantly. It is recommended to rise farmer's awareness through their participation in extension courses, as well as land defragmentation to increase efficiency in the region. Also, it is suggested that external effects of production enters in the estimation of production efficiency. JEL Classification: Q01, Q50, D61


Utah provides a rare opportunity to see how minority religious bodies respond when faced, not with a lazy "monopoly " faith, but one that is energetic and effective. Based on our theoretical work, we predict that faced with Mormon competition, even liberal Protestant bodies will display far higher levels of commitment in Utah than elsewhere in the nation. The data agree.


Twelve outbreaks of food handler-associated gastroenteritis between November 2002 and March 2006 in Japan were examined for norovirus (NoV) using RT-PCR and sequence analysis. NoV was detected in 77 of 81 customers and 45 of 104 food handlers. Identical NoV sequences were detected in patients and food handlers in each outbreak.


The Federal Highway Administration is now requiring a comprehensive evaluation of bridge scour as part of the National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS). District 2, Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) was the first District in Florida to initiate the scour evaluation program. This paper highlights the procedures developed and the results, to date, from scour evaluation of bridges in District 2.


During middle and late growth stages, nitrate reductase (NR) activity in rice leaves showed "low- high-low" change tendency and the activity at heading stage was the highest, at 20 days after heading was the lowest, at jointing stage was in the middle. The effect of nitrogen amount applied was larger than that of planting density. NR activity in leaves increased gradually with increasing of nitrogen amount applied, but decreased with increasing of planting density. The correlation coefficient among NR activity in leaves and yield and panicles per unit area was positive, the correlation coefficient among NR activity in leaves and 1 000-grain weight and seed-setting rate was little negative, the correlation coefficient between NR activity in leaves and panicles per unit area varied in different cultivars.


In order to solve the redundancy question in complex network which is caused by similar attack method and similar node object in attack model, the node domain and transition domain of Petri Net are divided into equivalence classes, and then the construction method of rough vulnerability relation model is given. By defining similar degree of path, search for all of the characteristic attack path which can attain attack object by use of ant algorithm, and calculate the maximal threat of object node which is brought by characteristic strategy.


The topological characteristics of photonic crystals have been the subject of intense research in recent years. Despite this, the basic question of whether photonic band topology is rare or abundant -- i.e., its relative prevalence -- remains unaddressed. Here, we determine the prevalence of stable, fragile, and higher-order photonic topology in the 11 two-dimensional crystallographic symmetry settings that admit diagnosis of one or more of these phenomena by symmetry analysis. Our determination is performed on the basis of a data set of 550000 randomly sampled, two-tone photonic crystals, spanning 11 symmetry settings and 5 dielectric contrasts, and examined in both transverse electric (TE) and magnetic (TM) polarizations. We report the abundance of nontrivial photonic topology in the presence of time-reversal symmetry and find that stable, fragile, and higher-order topology are generally abundant. Below the first band gap, which is of primary experimental interest, we find that stable topology is more prevalent in the TE polarization than the TM; is only weakly, but monotonically, dependent on dielectric contrast; and that fragile topology is near-absent. In the absence of time-reversal symmetry, nontrivial Chern phases are also abundant in photonic crystals with 2-, 4-, and 6-fold rotational symmetries but comparatively rare in settings with only 3-fold symmetry. Our results elucidate the interplay of symmetry, dielectric contrast, electromagnetic polarization, and time-reversal breaking in engendering topological photonic phases and may inform general design principles for their experimental realization.


Based on laser displacement inspecting principle and modern photoelectric sense technology,we have proposed a measurement system uising the on-line measuring technique to contact the large-scale workpiece diamenter.This article in detail elaborated the diameter survey mathmatical model,laser triangulation technology and the pattern displacement tech-nology applying in this measurement system,and the computer real-time data handling system based on LABVIEW lan-guage platform is also provided.


An excellent review of lesions which may occur in the mediastinum, and which may become manifest clinically through pathophysiologic disturbances in the organism. This article might well be classed as a reference paper far those readers whose daily work involves the diagnosis of systemic disease.


The White Lotus Rebellion started as a sectarian rebellion in 1796 in central China when the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) underwent a transition from the Qianlong emperor (r. 1736–1795) to his son, the Jiaqing emperor (r. 1796–1820). In suppressing the rebellion, the Qing military commanders proactively took advantage of the war to serve their own interest, making the campaign a long-lasting and extremely costly one.

Keywords:

eighteenth century;
nineteenth century;
Eastern Asia;
rebellion;
violence


The cultivation of viruses in fertile hen's eggs has been widely utilized, providing many advantages for virological studies, since the pioneering work of Woodruff and Goodpasture (1931). In most of such works, however, eggs more than 5 days old have been used. Recently, Yoshino (1956) described a technique for experimental infection of the 1-day-old egg, revealing that such an early embryo supported growth of herpes simplex virus as sufficiently as did the 13-day-old embryo's chorioallantois. His results attracted special interest of the author in light of the data provided by Needham (quoted in Baldwin, 1950) which demonstrated that nitrogen was excreted in the form of ammonium in the very early stage of embryonic development of the hen's egg while it took the forms of urea and ureic acid successively in later stages. The different modes of nitrogen excretion may suggest the presence of different metabolic pathways between the early and later stages. Nevertheless, the above-cited experiments revealed the high susceptibility of the 1-day egg to herpes virus. Hence, our concern has been focussed on the questions of (1) whether 1-day eggs are susceptible to other viruses than herpes virus, too, (2) whether there can be a virus to which 1-day eggs are more susceptible than older eggs, (3) whether there can be a virus which is not readily grown in older eggs but which can be easily propagated in 1-day eggs, and (4) whether viral progeny yielded in 1-day eggs, if any at all, shows any difference from parent virus in viral properties. To go in details in these problems, it was first desired to collect various data along this line. The present work has been carried out with such considerations in mind, employing vaccinia and variola viruses, and specially designed to detect any possible variation of these viruses following infection of the 1-day egg.