The purpose of this study is to understand the e-book user experience, including the motivation of the users in reading the e-book reader, user's preferences and expectations for e-books and e-book readers. In this study, students at Tamkang University are recruited as research participants and the City-State's "Carry e-book" is used as the test platform. Through usability testing and in-depth interviews, the researcher is able to identify the user experience of e-books. The findings and conclusions are as follows. For most users, they refer e-books as the content of the e-book; however, there are still a small number of users tend to think the term "e-book" as the hardware, i.e., the reader. It shows that a more clear definition for e-books is needed. For the design of e-books and e-book readers, the results show that the users' preferences are heavily relied on the user interface and the design of the e-book, including the easiness of use, the appropriate system prompts in e-books, quick access of the reading mode in order to enjoy reading at any time. Apparently, higher usability can enhance the reading experience and the time spent on reading e-books will be increased as the result. In addition, the findings also reveal that light weight, easy to be carried around, and higher resolution of the screen, etc. are among the preferences and expectations for the e-book reader. Lastly, the price of the e-book is still a major consideration of whether the user is willing to use e-books.


The article introduced the micro-emulsion of 14% fluorofen-ethyl and fomesafen.The experimental results of preparation,the characteristic of the formulateon,herbicidal activeties showed that it had the adventage of low cost and good effects.


Prednisolone, at concentrations between 2·78 × 10−6 M (1 μg/ml) and 1·39 × 10−8 M (5 × 10−3 μg/ml) exerts an inhibitory effect on the phagocytosis of latex particles by normal human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro as assessed by electron microscopical analysis. This inhibition appears to be receptor-mediated, as it is dependent upon RNA and protein synthesis and is glucocorticoid specific.


This paper provides a theory of the interactions between democratization and the emergence of rule of law. Heterogeneous individuals can make costly investments in protection against expropriation by others and the state. The public enforcement of property rights, whose cost depends on these investments, is chosen by the politically enfranchised population. We characterize the dynamic evolution of the economy in which both the political regime and property rights are endogenously determined. There are multiple politico-economic equilibria in terms of public and private property rights protection, which interact with different democratization scenarios whose determinants and consequences are studied. Democratic transitions under conflict may lead to failed democracies with worse property rights protection than oligarchies. Democratic transitions supported by a large consensus, however, serve as coordination device and lead to better protection of property and more stable polities. JEL-classification: H10, O10, N10


Functional, particularly personalized meat-based foods are of more in demand by a consumer today. Functional additives, such as plant components and animal proteins from bovine or porcine tissues have been successfully used. With many ingredients added to foods, it is important to provide quality and composition monitoring to confirm the products' authenticity, to identify undeclared or rarely used types of raw meat in product formulations. For example, if animal heart tissue is a component of a product formulation or if aorta tissue presents in a product due to improper trimming. Different methods are used to identify raw materials, including new approaches in proteomics and peptidomics that are considered the most effective modern methods nowadays. The purpose of the study is meat product composition analysis and special biomarker peptide identification to confirm the presence of heart and aorta tissue in a finished meat product. Over 20 amino acid sequences were checked based on earlier obtained data. Those amino acid sequences were analyzed with a high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection as described. The MS settings were selected using the Skyline. Signal-to-Noise ratio (S/N) over 10 units were used to choose the best peptide candidates. Seven peptides were found in porcine hearts. The best candidate was peptide VNVDEVGGEALGR (S/N - 73.10±5.3) from β-Hemoglobin. Two marker peptides from serum albumin were selected for pork aorta: TVLGNFAAFVQK (S/N 53.51±2.4) and EVTEFAK (S/N 31.69±4.1). These biomarkers showed the best detection and specificity. The multiply reaction monitoring method made it possible to identify the most/best specific peptides—biomarkers that could confirm the heart and/or aorta in meat products. The method can be used for comparative research or identification of best peptides that are specific to any type of animal tissue. The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 16-16- 10073.


The authors describe the initial development of the FRAM gamma-ray spectrometry code for analyzing plutonium isotopics, discuss its methodology, and present some comparisons with MGA on identical items. They also present some of the features of a new Windows 3.1-based version (PC/FRAM) and describe some current measurement problems. Development of the FRAM code began in about 1985, growing out of the need at the Los Alamos TA-55 Plutonium Facility for an isotopic analysis code to give accurate results for the effective specific power of heterogeneous (Am/Pu) pyrochemical residues. These residues present a difficult challenge because the americium is present mostly in a low-Z salt matrix (AmCl{sub 3}) with fines and small pieces of plutonium metal dispersed throughout the salt. Plutonium gamma rays suffer different attenuation than americium gamma rays of the same energy; this makes conventional analysis with a single relative efficiency function inaccurate for Am/Pu ratios and affects the analysis in other subtle ways.


Abstract: The electrodes used in a gas sensor allow contact to be made to the sensing material itself so that its electrical properties can be measured. They require mechanical and chemical stability with the substrate and an optimal geometry for detecting the response of sensors to gases. This chapter provides some background to the electrode materials for semiconductor gas sensors, including the chemistry of electrode-oxide semiconductor interfaces, the transport mechanism across the junction and gas/solid interactions in the interfaces.


This paper presents a soft ware system that can transform DATA from JBYsystem to ZB791 system.It describes its operation principle and function andits distinguishing feature.


Increased prevalence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds within agronomic cropping systems has led to the readoption of pre-emergence (PRE) herbicides and use of multiple herbicide-resistant soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars. Herbicide programs were evaluated in the recently commercialized dicamba/glyphosate/glufosinate-resistant (DGGR) soybean for weed control, reduction of Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) seed production, crop safety, and economic performance. At 35 days after pre-emergence herbicides, acetochlor plus dicamba plus metribuzin, acetochlor/fomesafen plus dicamba, dicamba plus flumioxazin, and imazethapyr/pyroxasulfone/saflufenacil provided 80–99% control of velvetleaf ( Abutilon theophrasti Medik.), Palmer amaranth, common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), and Poaceae species. Evaluation at 14 days after early postemergence herbicides indicated PRE followed by (fb) POST applications of mixtures of acetochlor,


Microwave thermotherapy for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is becoming increasingly more common. This article provides an introduction to the functional principles of microwave antennas for delivery of energy to the prostatic gland. Different antenna designs (monopole, dipole, and helical coil types) and impedance matching are discussed.


This paper is concerned with the interference between circuits in homogeneous cables, and its reduction. The line is replaced by its equivalent network, and, in the case of a four-wire group as used in superimposed circuits, the network consists of six members. The relations between the induced and inducing currents and voltages are established, and a quantitative definition of interference is given. The effects of unbalances in the line constants are discussed, and the influence of distance and frequency is investigated. An account is given of methods of measurement and of the means of reducing interference in cables, and a method developed by the author for dealing with the difficulties introduced by the distributed inductance in continuous loading is described.


This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of two ultra-wideband doubleridge open-ended waveguide antennas (OEWAs) for emerging high-resolution millimeter-wave (mm-wave) medical imaging applications. The proposed antennas can collectively provide a 95-GHz synthetic imaging bandwidth in the mm-wave regime. The antennas feature the smallest aperture sizes while providing the widest bandwidths amongst all OEWAs reported in the literature. The proposed antennas consist of coaxial to double-ridge waveguide (DRW) transitions and free-space matching sections. Two DRWs with 8:1 single-mode bandwidth in the mm-wave regime are designed. In the transition structures, coaxial flange launchers are connected to the DRWs through customized <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$50-\Omega$ </tex-math></inline-formula> coaxial lines. To improve the impedance matching while meeting the fabrication requirements, an effective tuning technique is applied to adjust the input impedance of the transitions. Finally, to achieve a smooth transition and a well-matched impedance to the free space while maintaining small aperture sizes, piecewise tapered-ridge matching sections with the same aperture size as that of the designed DRWs are employed. The antennas are fabricated using the computer numerical control (CNC) milling process. Each antenna demonstrates <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\left|\mathrm{S}_{11}\right|\lt -10 \mathrm{~dB}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and stable and symmetric radiation patterns across <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$15-40 \mathrm{GHz}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$40-110 \mathrm{GHz}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with aperture sizes of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$9.47 \times 5.79 \mathrm{~mm}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.78 \times 2.27 \mathrm{~mm}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively, reporting state-of-the-art results.


This paper presented the finite element (FE) models for thermal analysis of insulated CFRP-strengthened reinforcement concrete beams under standard fire condition. Based on these models, the influences of some parameters (e.g. thermal conductivity, thickness of fireproof coating, time of exposure to fire, and steel bar location) on thermal response were analyzed. The numerical results showed that the temperature at the surface of coating could be calculated by combining standard fire curve and time of fire exposure. The temperature at the surface of concrete beam decreased with the increase of coating thickness and increased linearly with the increase of thermal conductivity. The temperatures at internal concrete were only influenced by the temperature at the surface, the location from the surface and the time of fire exposure. After numerical analysis, a simplified calculating method was presented to predict the temperature value at any points of insulated CFRP-strengthened RC beam section, under standard fire condition. By comparing with the experimental results, the simplified method was well verified.


In this the third article in the series exploring the teaching and learning potential of models in urban geography, a prospective viewpoint is adopted to consider the problems and prospects for cities and city life in the twenty-first century. The article comprises two sections. The first examines the principles of sustainable urban development and the concept of urban metabolism with particular reference to the basic issues of waste production and energy consumption. The second section evaluates a range of models of future urban form including the green city, dispersed city, compact city, transit metropolis, regional city, network city, informational city and virtual city, and considers the geographies of cities and city life in the third millennium. CITIES HAVE A long history but the growth of very large cities and the transition towards a global urban society dates from the advent of industrial urbanism in the early nineteenth century. Since then two different population waves have affected Western Europe and North America. For much of this period the dominant direction of population movement was from rural to urban areas, reflecting the emergence of urban-industrial society. More recently, since the second world war, a reversal of this long-standing pattern has become apparent with people on both sides of the Atlantic, and in Australia, re-occupying peri-urban areas. As discussed in the first article in this series (Pacione, 2001a), despite evidence of a reurbanisation trend in some metropolitan regions, suburbanisation and counter-urbanisation remain the major characteristics of contemporary Western societies. The second article in this series (Pacione, 2001b) describes how, in contrast to the centrifugal pattern of urban population change in advanced societies, the centripetal processes of urbanisation and urban growth continue to dominate urban population dynamics in the Third World. Continuation of these trends will mean that, by 2025, 65% of the world's population will be urban dwellers. In the Developed World, continued de-concentration of population at the national level and decentralisation at the local urban level is producing a 'rurban' settlement pattern in which urban lifestyles influence most of the country. In the Third World, levels of urban development vary between countries. While a minority of states, such as Ethiopia, Uganda, Afghanistan and Cambodia, have yet to experience rapid urbanisation, the future social and settlement structure of most Third World countries will be dominated by a growing number of primate cities, many of which will be megacities. The early part of the twenty-first century will be characterised by continued large-scale urban development, heralding a future in which a growing majority of the world's population will live in urban places. Clearly, urban living brings benefits to many. However, urbanisation and urban growth on this unprecedented scale pose fundamental questions for affected societies. These include: • Can this magnitude of urban development be sustained? • How will the urban population be fed, housed, employed and cared for? • In addition to meeting these basic needs, how can the increasing demand for mobility, recreation and satisfaction of 'higher order' needs such as self-esteem and human development be met? • What effects will these concentrations of population have on local and global ecosystems? • How will these trends interact with existing urban structures to influence the form of cities


The publication of the new ISO 25964 thesaurus standard has coincided with a high level of deployment of the Skos ontology developed by the W3C and should solve the problem posed by the differences between them. There are currently works in progress to create a Skos extension that would use many of the functions provided by the data model of the new standard.


This paper discusses the relevance of transient events of strong large-scale ocean evaporation (SLOE) for the deuterium excess of marine boundary layer vapor d using a theoretical framework that invokes the closure assumption. We argue that during SLOE events, d is essentially determined by the evaporation flux signature. Distinct high d during SLOE with global-mean values in the range of 12‰–23‰ depending on the nonequilibrium fractionation factor α k result from the large air–sea humidity gradients reflected in low relative humidity with respect to sea surface temperature ( h s = 53% ± 9%) that characterize these events. Extratropical cyclones are highlighted as an important driver for the variability of d. On the one hand, they are themselves associated with high h s and low d, especially in areas of cloud formation and precipitation in the warm sector. On the other hand, cyclones are the main driver inducing SLOE events with high d in regions of cold-air advection upstream of their path. The sensitivity of d to its direct climate controls ( h s and SST) is analyzed during SLOE for different α k formulations and found to be coherent with d– h s and d–SST slopes determined from available observations. The d– h s relationship exhibits a robust negative correlation as opposed to the d–SST relationship, which shows regional and time-scale-dependent variations in strength and sign that are induced by indirect h s–SST cross-correlation effects. The dynamical features involved in SLOE generation appear to exert a key control on the moisture source properties relevant for d in the extratropics.


Objective
To eplore the influences of reading therapy on self-efficacy and coping style of nurses in cancer hospitals.

Methods
From January 2016 to January 2017, a total of 60 nurses were recruited to attend reading therapy training by purposive sampling method. All the participants were assessed by General Self-efficacy Scale and Coping Style Questionnaire before and after the training.

Results
After the training, the scores of self-efficacy of the nurses increased from (2.57±0.51) to (2.78±0.44) , and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.415, P=0.017) . The scores of solving-problem, seeking for help and fantasy sub-scales after reading therapy training were (0.84±0.11) , (0.78±0.13) and (0.38±0.20) , and those before training were (0.73±0.18) , (0.63±0.19) and (0.47±0.14) , the differences were statistically significant (t=-4.039, -5.047, 2.856; P<0.01) .

Conclusions
Reading therapy can significantly improve the self-efficacy and mature coping style of nurses in cancer hospitals, and promote the development of mental health.

Key words:
Nurses; Reading therapy; Self-efficacy; Coping style


Today, the quality of soil and water resources is affected by various pollutants. From the important chemical pollutants are heavy metals such as Arsenic. Arsenic is a metalloid that its unauthorized amounts in soil and ground water is a serious threat to human life .A mathematical and computer model of arsenic transport and transformation in a soil column from the surface to the groundwater is presented in this study. The flow and the corresponding moisture content and the concentration of a contaminant are considered here in as continuous functions of both space and time. The model simulates different species of arsenic such as arsenit, arsenat, and organic arsenic. This computer model is based on the mass balance equation,including convective transport, dispersive transport,surface adsorption, oxidation and reduction, volatilization, chemical and biological transformation. The governing equations are solved numerically by the implicit finite difference method. For the validation of model under transient states ,the data sets collected from Gorgan site, Golestan province.The simulation results are in good agreement with measured values. With this study and its results the distribution of arsenic in soil column to ground water table can be predicted. The simulation results indicate as the total time from the beginning to the end of simulation increases , the concentration of Arsenic approaches the measured values , as indicated in the result


The importance of education through interactive discussion-forums and seminars on family skills in coping with stress of having a child with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) seems to be under-attended. This prompted a local initiative entitled SMART (Shiraz Multidisciplinary Autism Research Team), to document the personal impact of autism on a preliminary group of parents and identify the correlates of stress and emotional well-being of having a child with ASD. Seventeen parents (11 mothers and 6 fathers) from 17 families who had a child with ASD volunteered to take part in the study. Each participant completed the general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). They were invited to an interactive forum during the 'Brain Awareness Week-2016', where they engaged in discussions and small-group activities to share and rank their top-ten challenges with regard to emotional well-being and family functioning as well as rating their child's autistic symptoms, including stereotyped behaviors. The practice was done through audience-response analysis and post-it note technique for individual counseling with interdisciplinary experts' supervision.  Mothers had significantly higher scores than fathers on measures of stress and emotional well-being. Results identified that the poorer health was associated with more behavioral problems of the child. This narrow sample of Iranian parents showed to experience broadly similar responses to parents in other countries, which suggests that the impact of ASD may outweigh cultural disparities. Family counseling and education is planned to be strategized and attempted by SMART, based on the priority challenges documented in this sample group.


In this study, the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on soil rhizospheric microbial communities of tomato was investigated. Iron oxide nanoparticles were biologically synthesized using plant extract from Azadirachta indica, and characterized using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Varying concentrations (25, 50, 75, or 100 %) of biosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles or precursor solution was rhizoinjected into soils in which tomato plants were grown. Plate count method was used to analyse population size and community structure of test subjects. Quantitative analysis of the bacterial and fungal community was determined and diversity indicies were calculated. The results obtained from the analysis revealed that the addition of iron oxide nanoparticles to the soil changed bacterial and fungal community with respect to the control. Also, the bacterial and fungal abundance were changed. Some tolerant microorganisms such as Micrococcus, Stapylococcus, Aspergillus, Trichoderma and Penicillium could withstand high concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles. Shannon diversity indices showed that there was difference in the diverisity of each concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles for both fungal and bacterial communties. The study's findings showed that high concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles in the soil had adverse effect on both the tomato and the microorganisms associated with the root of the tomato. Further study needs to be conducted to ascertain the magnitude of impact iron oxide nanoparticles will have on plants and rhizosphere microbiome.


PurposeThis study suggest the development of a wearable orthotic device pattern that can reduce pain and deformation, and help in the normal development of children with cerebral palsy. Such a pattern enables daily wear before hip subluxation occurs, to prevent hip dislocation and subluxation.Design/methodology/approachThis study set the design line by carrying out cell work on the actual model, then proceeded with the first pattern design. The final version of the second orthotic device was designed by conducting discussions with experts and the patient's guardian, with the device fitted to the child patient. The evaluation of the second orthotic device used the virtual model to check the pressure area and level through virtual fitting. An evaluation was then conducted with the device fitted to the child patient, to verify the functionality and suitability of the final pattern.FindingsFollowing the initial fitting evaluation, the second pattern was presented after modifying and supplementing issues such as movement suitability with posture change, position change of the great trochanter when wearing a diaper, pressure control of the X-shaped band on the genital area and thigh abduction. The master pattern of the final version of the second orthotic device was proposed after confirming that the femoral head of the hip joint was stably fixed, and the compression was applied through a verification based on the virtual fitting using the virtual model, and with the device fitted to the child patient.Originality/valueWith this study, it is expected that the process and design plan for the development of wearable orthotic device patterns for the persons with disabilities impaired mobility can be used as a basic resource to create devices that merge the clothing and medical fields.


[Abstract]: This study examines the impact of the Internet and certain firm-specific and market
characteristics on export marketing performance. Data were gathered via a self administered
mail survey of 830 Queensland firms identified by a government
department as being involved in exporting. The findings indicate that when the Internet
was used to enhance the image of the firm and provide the firm with a competitive
advantage it had a significant impact on the export marketing performance of
Queensland export market ventures. Certain firm-specific characteristics also had a
significant impact on export marketing performance.


Carbon stocks in two Pinus radiata (D.Don) stands in the North Island of New Zealand were determined at 5-years-old and again at mid-rotation (15-years-old at Kinleith; 16-years-old at Tarawera). Above-ground tree biomass was measured at both ages. At the mid-rotation, dead organic matter pools were also assessed. Below-ground live roots were not directly measured but estimated from a published root/shoot ratio to indicate the relative sizes of the stand carbon pools. At Kinleith (15-years-old) and Tarawera (16-years-old), carbon in the four pools: above-ground biomass; live below-ground biomass; dead wood; and forest floor litter; were estimated to be 79.4 t/ha and 105.6 t/ha, 15.9 t/ha and 21.1 t/ha, 17.2 t/ha and 23.6 t/ha, 13.7 t/ha and 14.6 t/ha, respectively. The total carbon stocks at Kinleith (15-years-old) and Tarawera (16-years-old) were 126 (± 5.1) t/ha and 165 (± 5.5) t/ha, respectively. At mid-rotation, 63 – 64% of total carbon stock at both sites was in live above-ground biomass plus attached dead branches; 16% was in stems, live and dead stumps, dead roots and branch woody debris from the second thinning operation, 7 – 8% was in the forest-floor litter, and 13% was estimated to be in live roots. Carbon (C) accumulation in above-ground biomass averaged 5.3 t C/ha/year by age 15-years at Kinleith and 6.6 t C/ha/year by age 16-years at Tarawera, and increased to 6.4 t C/ha/year at Kinleith and 7.9 t C/ha/year at Tarawera when Pinus radiata live root biomass was included. Further, when dead organic matter pools were included with the Pinus radiata biomass, the mean C accumulation rate increased to 8.4 t C/ha/year at Kinleith and 10.4 t C/ha/year at Tarawera. Overall weighted mean carbon concentration of above-ground biomass was estimated as 51.4 g/100 g and 52.0 g/100 g of dry matter at Kinleith and Tarawera, respectively. At Kinleith (15-years-old) and Tarawera (16-years-old) respectively, mean diameter at breast height was 27.1 cm and 30.8 cm, mean total height was 22.7 m and 28.2 m, mean basal area was 33.1 m 2 /ha and 39.4 m 2 /ha, and mean volume inside bark was 299 m 3 /ha and 397 m 3 /ha.


This thesis addresses several questions related to the sensitivity of TDR to the determination of the moisture in laboratory experiments where the m easurem ent is done noninvasively. Some tests were performed on moistened sand in a plastic box, treating the moisture content as the independent variable. Another set of tests was performed on moistened sand in a plastic tube to find the relationship between the outputs from the TDR with moisture content in systems both with and without water outflow. In addition, a set of tests was perform ed on a layered arrangement of large household ceramic tiles where the gaps between the tiles were or were not saturated with water. In all these tests, it is shown that TDR is effective to measure the moisture content noninvasively. A numerical analysis of a geometry related to those studied experimentally has been performed. Results show the effect of gap location on the TDR indication.


DuBai, uaE: A group of the Middle East's leading dentists have come together to agree on how best to promote good oral hygiene through brushing. Held in Dubai at the end of August and supported by Procter & Gamble, the first dental consensus has issued a series of recommendations to help improve oral hygiene in the region. These proposals, which focused on tooth brushing habits across the Middle East, include an agreement that electric power brushes are more effective at maintaining oral health, and that Bluetooth


In this paper, a fundamental analysis of the effects of various influential parameters on the performance and emissions of a turbocharged truck operating under transient conditions is presented. The results derive from a detailed vehicle model that comprises two parts. The first is an engine performance and emissions module that follows a mapping approach, with experimentally derived correction coefficients employed to account for transient discrepancies; this is then coupled to a comprehensive vehicle model that takes into account various vehicle operation attributes such as gearbox, tires, tire slip, etc. Soot, as well as nitrogen monoxide, are the examined engine-out pollutants, together with fuel consumption and carbon dioxide. The parameters examined are vehicular (mass and gearbox), driving (driver 'aggressiveness' and gear-shift profile) and road (type and grade). From the range of values investigated, the most critical parameters for the emission of NO and soot are vehicle mass, driving 'aggressiveness' and the exact gear-change profile. Vehicle mass, driving 'aggressiveness' and road-grade were identified as the most influential parameters for the emission of CO2. A notable statistical correlation was established between pollutant emissions (NO, soot) and vehicle mass or road-tire friction, as well as between fueling/CO2 and vehicle mass, road-tire friction and road grade. It is believed that the results obtained shed light into the effect of critical operating parameters on the engine-out emissions of a truck/bus, underlining at the same time the peculiarities of transient operating conditions.


Despite a wealth of books on information handling, the problems and techniques associated with the handling of product data are sadly neglected by the standard works. In a way, this is surprising not only because these techniques are necessarily different from those used for scientific information, but also because, in the engineering industries, there is almost certainly a greater need for product data than for any other form of information. In another way, it is not surprising since the rules cannot be hard and fast, and the techniques will often have to be unscientific because of the number and variety of the sources of product data. Since the purpose of product data is not only to inform but also to sell, we cannot be surprised that there is a total lack of uniformity of size, shape, colour and layout in catalogues from different manufacturers. Standardization of these parameters would seem to be the initial answer to this problem, but, although there is a British Standard covering the subject and the Department of Trade and Industry has been urged to exert pressures on manufacturers, no standardization is ever likely to come into effect, or certainly not to any significant extent. A further ideal, that of a coding for literature, does not exist, contrary to popular belief. In addition to the practical difficulties created by these variables, there is the added problem that the user is unable to control his input of data, as he can with scientific information. Some manufacturers send their literature unasked and others do not send it even when asked.


The emergence and development of Chinese economic law embody the special rules with "Chinese characteristics" due to the influences from the Chinese historical culture.Chinese Confucian culture enjoys a long history.Its essential ideologies of "benevolence,righteousness,group,harmony and moderation",reflecting the basic cultural flavor of the Chinese nation,have provided a rich cultural soil for the emergence and development of Chinese economic law,which is specifically embodied in the spheres of human resources,ethic bases,foundation of growth,ideology,and approach.Meanwhile,Chinese economic law has been developing along with the Confucian culture and the two have been integrated in many aspects in the course of interactions.Considering the aboriginality of economic law research and the continuance of culture,it is suggested that the transplantation of economic law be carefully conducted and the economic law with eastern cultural background be initiated in China.


ABSTRACT In 2020, over 8,400 people made their way from France to the UK coast using small vessels. They did so principally in order to claim asylum in the United Kingdom (UK). Much like in other border-zones, the UK state has portrayed irregular Channel crossings as an invading threat and has deployed a militarized response. While there is burgeoning scholarship focusing on informal migrant camps in the Calais area, there has been little analysis of state responses to irregular Channel crossings. This article begins to address this gap, situating contemporary British responses to irregular Channel crossers within the context of colonial histories and maritime legacies. We focus particularly on the enduring appeal of "the offshore" as a place where undesirable racialized populations can be placed. Our aim is to offer a historicized perspective on this phenomenon which seeks to respond to calls to embed colonial histories in analyses of the present.


Chromosomal analysis was performed as a routine examination for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in six cases encountered during a one‐year period. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Chromosomal abnormality of leukemic cells was observed in five out of six cases (approximately 80%). 2. Translocation 4; 11 or 14q+, which are known as a risk factor of ALL, were observed in three patients. Two of three patients died within six months of the onset of disease. One case was diagnosed as congenital leukemia with remarkable leukocytosis, and the other case was accompanied by hypereosinophilic syndrome. The remaining one patient, who is now in complete remission, is 13 years old, which is within the period of risk ages exceeding 10 years of age. 3. The case with 1q+ had no risk factor; however, he had a relapse 19 months after the diagnosis. Thus this particular chromosomal rearrangement appeared to be one of the risk factors. 4. The case with 6q‐, which has been reported to have a good prognosis in some cases of ALL, has no risk factor, and has been in complete remission. These results seem to confirm the usefulness of chromosomal analysis for the evaluation of the clinical course of ALL.


We present identities used to represent real numbers of the form xum±yvn for appropriately chosen real numbers x, y, u, v and nonnegative integers m and n. We present the proofs of the identities by applying Zeilberger's algorithm.


A spacer (1) for securing reinforcements (22, 23) at a distance from a formwork panel (21) is provided with at least one first seat (5) for a reinforcing rod (22) of a reinforcing mat and at least one second seat for a reinforcing rod, in particular a bottom boom rod (23) of a lattice truss. The first (5) and second seats preferably serve to secure the reinforcing rods (22, 23) of the reinforcing mat and lattice truss at right angles to one another. The seats (5) can be provided with securing means (6) for fixing the reinforcing rods (22).


Nature offers human being elegant solutions for various engineering problems. Mimicking principles and designs offered by nature enables humans to better understand related phenomena and may help to provide better engineered systems. Hair-based flow sensing in crickets is an example of a biological system that has recently attracted great interest from engineers. This inspired engineers to develop an artificial system, a flow camera, as an alternative to more traditionally engineered systems. The work reported on in this thesis addresses the track to develop highly-sensitive sensor-array systems (made of artificial hair sensors) towards fulfilling the requirements for an airflow camera. The current research could shed some light on the detection and processing of flow phenomena in nature. Additionally, it can be considered one-step further with the tendency of constructing live aerodynamic images.


Abstract : In 1993 Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, issued the first formal Corps-wide analysis procedure providing guidance for analyzing the effects of barge impact loading on navigation structures. According to the ETL 1110-2-338 engineering procedure, the magnitude of the impact forces generated by a particular collision event is dependent on the mass including hydrodynamic added mass of the barge train, the approach velocity, the approach angle, the barge train moment of inertia, damage sustained by tie barge structure, and friction between the barge and the wall. Two significant concerns have been raised since the release of the ETL 1110-2-338 procedure: 1) A key aspect of the ETL 1110-2-338 engineering formulation is computation of collision energy dissipated in nonrecoverable, plastic hull deformation of (i.e., damage to) the corner of the barge where impact with the wall occurs. However, the majority of the impacts made by barge trains transiting Corps locks do not result in damage to the barge structure nor damage to the walls. 2) In addition, several engineers who have used the ETL 1110-2-338 engineering procedure have questioned the accuracy of the computed results. In 2003, the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center issued the report ERDC/ITL-TR-03-3, "Analysis of Impact Loads from Full-Scale, Low-Velocity, Controlled Barge Impact Experiments, December 1998," by Arroyo, Ebeling, and Barker. This report addresses the interpretation of 8 of the 44 December 1998 full-scale, low-velocity, controlled-impact, barge train impact experiments conducted at the decommissioned Gallipolis Lock at Robert C. Byrd Lock and Dam, Gallipolis Ferry, WV.


Semiconductor device - at least one MOS device (202, 204) for high voltage and at least one MOS device (201, 203) are separated for low voltage disposed on a substrate (100) and through a respective isolation structure (110), of an insulating material is formed and extends into the substrate to a first depth (D1), wherein - the MOS device (202, 204) for high voltage in the range of a first well (140, 150) of a first conductivity type (p, n) is formed, and the MOS device (201, 203) for a low voltage in the range of a second trough (120, 130) of a formed opposite to the first second conductivity type, wherein the first and the second well (140, 150, 120, 130) deeper than the isolation structure (110) extending into the substrate, - a drain region (236, 238) of the MOS device (202, 204) for high voltage in the first well (140, 150) with the second conductivity type and a channel region (232, 234) of ...


Introduction The submandibular glands can be used to differentiate the effects of exogenously-applied secretagogues and to observe any conversion of the types of proteins in both young and adult rats1-8). The glands of young and adult rats secrete additional and different types of proteins (a-proteins) in response to α1-adrenoceptor agonists1-5) . Conversion of the types of proteins from the ƒ¿to ƒÀ-type occurs in both young and adult submandibular glands of rats when


Fetus papyraceus is a rare condition that describes a mummified fetus during multiple pregnancies. In this condition one fetus dies in early pregnancy, while the other fetus/es continue to live. The cause is unknown, but it does not seem to be a coincidental event. It is believed to be the result of abnormal growth and development in early pregnancy. This study describes a case of fetus papyraceus that was diagnosed during labor. In ultrasound examination of a pregnant woman (19 weeks and 4 days gestational age) she was found to be pregnant with twins. It reported one live fetus and one dead fetus. Delivery was performed in natural course at 38 weeks and 4 days gestational age in which a boy was born alive and apparently healthy (Apgar scores 9 and weighing 3000 grams), while the other was a dead fetus that seemed mummy


The Schottky contacted slow-wave structure is analyzed for the first time without use of a layered model approximation for the localized depletion region. A general finite element code is developed for the analysis. Both microstrip and coplanar configurations are studied.


PURPOSE: to analyze acoustic measures in elderly women's voices. METHODS: ninth six elderly women, with ages between 60 and 103-year old, were recruited and separated in tree groups according to their ages. RESULTS: the values of fundamental frequency were 193. 81 Hz (Group 1), 195.71 (Group 2) and 187.60 Hz (Group 3). The Maximum phonatory extension were 42.10 semitones (Group 1); 37.29 semitones (Group 2) and 38.75 semitones (Group 3). The values of the minimum frequency and maximum frequency were respectively 103.62 Hz and 1099.1 Hz (Group 1); 102.28 Hz and 918.10 Hz (Group 2) and 88.73 Hz and 876.8 Hz (Group 3). The maximum phonation time of the vowel /a/ were 8.54 seconds (Group 1), 7.97 seconds (Group 2) and 7.52 seconds (Group 3). For the vowel /i/ the values were 8.82 seconds (Group 1), 8.44 seconds (Group 2) and 8.05 seconds (Group 3). For the vowel /u/ were 9.22 seconds (Group 1), 8.09 seconds (Group 2) and 7.95 seconds (Group 3). CONCLUSION: elderly women showed lower values of fundamental frequency and maximum phonation time. Maximum phonatory extension measure was similar to those found in young adults. All studied measures showed a decreasing trend with advancing age.


The superiority developed is held in store among knowledge and science an d technology,and the science and technology developm ent standard decides the destiny of nation.Raising the sci-entific and cultural quality of our nation is also the important problem t o decide the nation des-tiny.Learning knowledge is the duty of the leading cadres and the younger generation.Leading cadres firstly will learn the Marxis m theory,and the younger generation will learn hard the mod-ern science and technology.The peop le will make great efforts to widen th e knowledge field,when having specialty.The value of knowledge depends on application and practice.Modern sci-ence and technology will be towards t he major battlefield of economic con struction,and the devel-opment in the application in the cour se of practice.A youth will seek genuine knowledge,gain ability in the practice.


The separations of the binary methanol-dimethyl carbonate(MeOH-DMC)azeotrope are reviewed with 37 references.The extractive distillation of the binary system is discussed in great detail.


Opening night at the theater and the stage is awash with color and spectacle, an awe-inspiring display of set and costume extravagance. Fast-forward eighteen months: this wondrous design has transformed itself into a mountainous ruin, oozing from a skip deep in the bowels of the building. These contemporary "theater ruins'" begin relatively harmlessly, hidden behind dusty staircases and at the back of storage units, crowding corridors and littering dressing rooms. But sooner or later, what doesn't make it into the recycle bin is cast off to the land of "away," where skips overflow into leaching landfills, and, inevitably, into our fragile ecosystems. It is here that we encounter the unsettling reality that our arts practices have consequences.


This report brings together the views of internal mobility functions working across 17 industry sectors. Combined, they manage over 20,000 international assignees worldwide, and in common, they face various challenges to achieve robust, compliant and coste ect ive assignee compensation processes. It provides a timely refresh of our report , "Managing global compensation: time to take control?" published in 2013.


Fate and transport of toxic chemicals are important processes that describe how chemicals move and transform in environment. Environment processes such as adsorption, solubility, complexation, dissolution/precipitation, oxidation/reduction, plant uptake and biodegradation play the major role in controlling the fate and transport of chemicals. Understanding these processes is essential to assess the potential of human health risk, the exposure pathway or even the method for prevention and remediation. Environmental problems can be caused by organic or inorganic chemicals and they have different fate and transport behavior in environment. In this study, the fate and transport of Aristolochic acids in soil and metal copper in sediment were used as example to show the different behavior of organic and inorganic chemicals that induced the problem in environment. Aristolochic acids (AAs) were believed as causing agents that induced Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN) by food contamination. They are active chemicals in Aristolochia species plants which extensively found in endemic village. The essential environment partitioning processes that control fate and transport of AAs were studied. The result showed that the octanol-water partitioning coefficient (Kow) of AAs decrease when pH increase which indicate the different hydrophobicity between neutral and anion form. This trend was similar to soil –water partitioning coefficient (Kd). The solubility (Sw) increase when pH was increased. These suggested that AAs are highly mobile in alkaline environment. The Kow and Sw were increased when calcium ion presence in solution suggesting the complex formation. Even AAs had high sorption capacity to the soils, they had high tendency to be desorbed too. The soil adsorption and desorption experiment indicated the cation bridging mechanism may play the major role in soil process. Root exudates were not the main resources of AAs releasing to the soil but the leaching during seeds decomposition can release large of AAs, even they can be degraded by microorganism. The plant uptake showed AAs had high accumulation in the root but less translocation to shoot. All evidences suggest the food contamination hypothesis is possible. Torch Lake, Houghton County, Michigan which was impacted by copper mining waste showed the persisting of high level of copper in the top sediment and never be remediated by natural processes. We hypothesized that copper were released from mining waste by microbial reaction and were sequestrated by organic matter and bacteria in the post sediment. To test this hypothesis, the fate and transport of copper were studied by Phreeqc computer program where the biogeochemical processes e.g. complexation, precipitation/ dissolution, adsorption and biodegradation were applied to diffusion process. The result showed that oxidation/reduction condition highly impact to copper fate and transport in sediment. TEAP process makes whole sediment to reducing condition very quickly. However, the adsorption process keeps top sediment in oxidizing condition. The reducing condition at bottom sediment change Cu(2) to Cu(1) and sulfate to sulfide which leading to precipitation of Chalcocite(Cu2S). The adsorption process control dissolved copper and solid phase in oxidizing sediment and Chalcocite precipitation control in reducing sediment. The model show that both process response for persisting high concentration of copper solid phase in the top sediment.


In this work, sorbets based on UVM-7 mesoporous silica doped with Fe were synthesized and applied to solid-phase extraction of perfluoroalkyl substances from environmental water samples. These emerging pollutants were then determined by liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometry detector. Thus, Fe-UVM-7 mesoporous silica materials with different contents of iron, as well as different pore sizes (by using alkyltrimethilamonium bromide surfactants with different organic tail lengths) were synthesized, and their structure was confirmed for the first time by transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. After comparison, Fe50-UVM-7-C12 was selected as the best material for analyte retention, and several extraction parameters were optimized regarding the loading and elution step. Once the method was developed and applied to real matrices, extraction efficiencies in the range of 61–110% were obtained for analytes with C8–C14 chain length, both perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates. Likewise, limits of detection in the range of 3.0–8.1 ng L−1 were obtained for all target analytes. In the analysis of real well-water samples, no target compounds were detected. Spiked samples were analyzed in comparison to Oasis WAX cartridges, and statistically comparable results were achieved.


In this paper we prove the existence of mild solutions of a general class of nonlinear evolution integrodifferential equation in Banach spaces. Based on the resolvent operator and the Schaefer fixed point theorem, a sufficient condition for the existence of general integrodifferential evolution equations is established.


Abstract 1 Pandora neoaphidis is an important aphid‐specific fungal pathogen in temperate agroecosystems. Laboratory studies were carried out to obtain baseline data on factors that may affect its performance in conservation biological control.


Guidelines for using the CtC approach to support 9-13 year olds in developing community projects and awareness campaigns. The manual was funded by the Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham Health Action Zone.


There is a vast mount of tourism resources in Guizhou.However,it is also a specially vulnerable area for its natural ecological environment.The best choice for the ecological tourism development in Guizhou should be both economic development and natural protection.The preponderance of developing the ecological tourism in Guizhou and confronted problems are discussed,and related countermeasures are put forward in the paper.


"Spoilt Baby into Angry Young Man". Her theme is that the way children are brought up today is so sloppy and spineless that the result is the Angry Young Man. To prove her thesis she has assembled a series of statements, carefully indexed, made by angry adults. This attitude towards the young is a stage we all go through as we get older; let us be thankful that like the young, we also grow out of our worst phases. Hilary Halpin.


Thornton and Raffin's critical intervals for comparing binomial single-subject open-set speech recognition scores are equivalent to the arcsin-transformed z-test for independent proprotions. However, it is necessary to adjust for context effects when comparing test scores in which subjects' responses to stimulus words or phrases can receive multinomial scores (e.g., phonemes in monosyllables or words in sentences). Boothroyd and Nittrouer suggested a simple, approximate sample size adjustment for context effects, which works well in practice, but sometimes produces incorrect inferences. Neither method is valid for comparing two open-set speech recognition scores, whether binomial or multinomial, when the same stimulus list was used on both occasions. This paper places Thornton and Raffin's and Boothroyd and Nittrouer's methods in a general class of randomization tests first proposed by R.A. Fisher in 1935. Such tests compare the difference betwen two scores to the expected variation induced by random selection of the stimulus list. Randomization tests provide exact significance levels (p-values) for comparing open-set different-list speech recognition scores; however special software is needed to compute exact p-values. Approximations and bounds for the exact p-values are discussed, including Thornton and Raffin's arcsine approximation for binomial data, the z approximation to Fisher's randomization test, and Boothroyd and Nittrouer's (BN) binomial approximation with sample size adjustment. The accuracy the approximations is compared for 160 pairwise comparisons of Iowa Sentence scores in 23 Cochlear implant wearers. For statistical tests conducted at the 5% level, BN produced about 10 percent false positives and 6 percent false negatives vis-avis the exact test while the z-approximation produced no false positives and less than 2 percent false negatives. The results were similar for inferences at the 1% significance level. 1 This study was supported by research grant DC00242 from the National Institutes of Health/NIDCD, grant RR59 from the General Clinical Research Centers Program, Division of Research Resources, NIH, and the Iowa Lions Sight and Hearing Foundation.


Two recently reported decisions, one from New Zealand and one from New South Wales, and the publication of an important article, have prompted us to make some observations about the conceptual and contextual dimensions of the equitable doctrine of undue influence in its modem operation in third party cases. The third party scenario is common in practice. A financier takes a mortgage or guarantee from A to secure the debt of B. A is then able to establish undue influence on the part of B in relation to the grant of the security, and accordingly seeks to avoid the security on the basis of that undue influence.It is widely assumed that the decision of the House of Lords in Barclays Bank Plc v O'Brien has injected much needed certainty into this area. We are not sure that this is so, at least at a conceptual level. We aim therefore to examine that decision in its historical and conceptual settings. By the conclusion of our discussion we shall be suggesting that a different focus might profitably be adopted in attempting to deal with at least some (in particular, the most troublesome!) third party cases.


Aim:To investigate the changes of CaBPs expression in GABA interneurons in hippocampus of epileptic rats and to explore the relationship between rhGDNF anti-epileptic effects and CaBPs. Methods:Three kinds of CaBPs (PV,CR,CBN) in hippocampus were examined by immunohistochemical method in the pre,post KA-induced epileptic rats and rhGDNF treated rats.Results:In KA-induced epilepsy model group,the number of GABAergic interneuron containing CaBPs( PV,CR,CBN) was markedly decreased especially CR positive neurons compared to the control group,and the most apparently decreased regions were dentate gyrus (DG) and hilum. There was no seizure attack in treated group with rhGDNF and the positive neurons for PV,CR,CBN in the group were more than that in the control.Conclusion:Status epilepticus(SE) could cause the loss of hippocampus GABA interneurons which contains CaBPs. The mechanism of exogenous rhGDNF anti-epileptic effects may be associated with the increasing of hippocampal CaBPs.


Abstract A pulse pre-amplifier for use in the measurements of fast photoconduction decays less than 1 us has been constructed by using ultrafast operational amplifiers. A flat frequency response with little phase distortion is obtained over the range from DC to 10 MHz and the rise time is about 30 ns. The amplifier should be operated with batteries in order to reduce the disturbance from strong noises of a light pulse generator used for the sample illumination.


The separated‐electron‐pair (geminal) model appears to be a reasonable way to extend the single‐particle picture while maintaining most of the simplicity of that picture. There seems to be no doubt about the utility of the model as applied to ``localized'' systems such as H2O, NH3, CH4, etc., although quantitative information is still needed. The question of how the model will do when applied to a ``delocalized'' system is studied in the present paper by applying the model to a π‐electron system—the ground state of benzene. The symmetry of the system allows one to set up without difficulty two different separated‐pair wavefunctions. Both of these functions are shown to satisfy the variational equations for an extremal, although the calculated energies are quite different. One function is constructed from geminals which are symmetry adapted; and the complete wavefunction is totally symmetric as it should be. The other separated‐pair function is constructed from geminals which are equivalent to one another ...


The multi moving targets tracking are a typical job in the field of visual surveillance. The main difficulties in targets tracking are fast motion of the target, suddenly velocity variations, clutters, complex object shapes and occlusions, etc. Target tracking are basically explain in to three main parts: point tracking, kernel tracking and silhouette tracking. Here we can track multiple targets with the help of mean shift algorithm. For tracking purpose, the mean shift method requires a kernel that mean's a circle or a rectangle or an ellipse region. First with the help of mean shift, we can evaluate the objects locations. In mean shift algorithm the Bhattacharyya coefficient show an important task for tracking. It is a similarity function which can be obtained by target model and target candidate. The experimental results describe that the mean shift algorithm is practical for tracking point of view.


Studying the relationship between "Aid Dependency" and "Institutional Capacity
Development" in conflict affected countries is at the core of debates on effectiveness of foreign
aid and assistance. This research paper studies and analysis the mechanisms of foreign aid
delivery and its adverse impacts on institutions building at Ministry of Education (as case study),
Government of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The paper argues that long term aid
dependency undermines the quality of institutions and is negatively associated with building
permanent in-house capacities. The paper focuses on changing the mechanisms of aid delivery,
particularly bypassing the recipient government financial and budgetary channels. It argues that, setting up temporary and independent project implementation units parallel to the existing government institutions cause severe problems such as fragmentation of policies and projects, poaching and syphoning off the scarce qualified staff from already weak and decaying public institutions, missing opportunity of learning by doing, and increase the culture of dependency. While the argument of aid dependency and its adverse impact on institutional capacity building doesn't not mean that foreign should be decreased, this paper concludes that, aid has the potential to improve and strengthen the public institutions if it is delivered through the government budgetary system with the long term and clear development agendas to improve the service delivery, to strengthen the institutional planning capacity and to establish a strong civil services administration with a permanent in-house capacity.


The Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) can be used as a parallel voltage sag mitigation device at distribution systems. The D-STATCOM is also able to regulate and balance the bus voltage by absorbing or generating the required reactive power at specific buses. This study presents an overview on D-STATCOM structure and its simplified model that can be used for voltage sag analysis. In addition, this study also investigates the effect of various load and network parameters on the nominal power requirement D-STATCOM and its ability to compensate voltage sag. The results illustrate the performance of D-STATCOM by using an injection current to various conditions for voltage sag mitigation. In addition, the result shows that the D-STATCOM is not economical and effective in high voltage networks with low inductance feeder.


The invention relates to a layer brood-time starter feed which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 280-440 parts of corn, 120-170 parts of dehulled soybean meal, 100-150 parts of fermented soybean, 50-80 parts of fish meal, 80-120 parts of flour, 40-60 parts of whey mist, 80-120 parts of glucose, 10-25 parts of bean oil, 2-4 parts of salt, 2-4 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 4-10 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 10-15 parts of stone dust, 1-3 parts of methionine, 1-1.5 parts of choline chloride, 1.5-2.5 parts of compound microelement and 0.4-0.5 part of compound vitamin. The layer brood-time immunity can be markedly enhanced and the survival rate is markedly improved through the feed.


The quasicontinuum correlation parameters that occur in the theory of antiresonance line shapes and radiationless decay, by virtue of being defined in terms of averages over the same set of quasicontinuum states, are shown to be restricted by conditions of mutual compatibility. These restrictions are analyzed in geometrical terms and some of their consequences are examined. A new correlation parameter λ is introduced and shown to qualitatively measure in many ways the overall consequences of correlations among the quasicontinuum couplings for many sparsely spaced states. A method is given for parametrizing the line shape and radiationless decay theory so as to satisfy the compatibility restrictions implicitly, thereby facilitating the analysis of experimental data. The application of the compatibility relations to the analysis of some recently reported line shape studies for molecules and solids is then discussed, including recent work on the optical absorption spectrum of boron‐doped silicon.


Abstract. Large amounts of dust aerosols are lifted to the upper
troposphere every year and play a major role in cirrus formation by acting
as efficient ice nuclei. However, the relative importance of heterogeneous
nucleation and spontaneous homogenous nucleation in dust-related cirrus
clouds is still not well evaluated globally. Here, based on spaceborne
observations, we propose a method to identify two ice-nucleating regimes of
dust-related cirrus clouds, i.e., (1) the sole presence of heterogeneous
nucleation and (2) competition between heterogeneous and homogeneous
nucleation, by characterizing the relationship between dust ice-nucleating
particle concentrations (INPCs) calculated from the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with
Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) using the POlarization LIdar PHOtometer
Networking (POLIPHON) method and in-cloud ice crystal number concentration
(ICNC) from the DARDAR (lidar–radar) dataset. Two typical cirrus cases over
central China are shown as a demonstration. In the first case, the upper
part (near the cloud top) of a series of cirrus clouds successfully realized
the INPC–ICNC closure, meaning that solely heterogeneous nucleation takes
place, while the lower part of cirrus clouds showed the possible competition
between heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation. In the second case, the
ICNCs in the cirrus cloud dramatically exceeded the dust INPCs in the
vicinity by more than an order of magnitude, revealing that besides
dust-induced heterogeneous nucleation, homogeneous nucleation also
participated in ice formation and produced additional ice crystals. The
proposed identification method is anticipated to apply in the evaluation of the
influence of upper-troposphere dust on global cirrus formation and
the investigation of the potential positive role of cirrus cloud thinning in the
offset of climate warming.


EVs have experienced a resurgence in the twenty-first century because of technological developments, a focus on renewable energy sources, and the potential to reduce the impact of transportation on climate change, air pollution, and other environmental challenges. In this study, we used the Push Pull Mooring method to examine users' intentions in India to switch from fuel-powered to new energy vehicles. After conducting a review of the literature to identify themes, we created a questionnaire that was distributed to 250 current car owners. Investigative factor analysis was carried out to analyse and explore the factors. Multiple regression was employed to identify the variables that were most indicative of adoption behaviour. The study's findings show how environmental factors influence consumer preferences for and acceptance of electric vehicles. Because only four variables were considered and the Punjab region of India was the study's location, the findings may alter when applied to other regions of India or when other variables are used.


Following more than a decade of NATO's intervention in Afghanistan, it is often argued that the UN, alongside its international partners and the Afghan government, has failed to facilitate good governance and a stable democratic political order. In charting the evolving UN role in 'democratizing' Afghanistan, this article analyses why this is so. The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA), facing considerable historical and institutional constraints, has had neither the will nor the capacity to implement its ambitious democratization mandate. Instead of aiming for a system of governance along 'Western' lines, it should focus primarily on promoting an appropriate, institutionalized, workable political order, regional consensus, and national reconciliation as the necessary foundations for bringing peace and stability to the country.


N labelled rice straw and maize straw were used to study the transformation of 15 N in submerged soil by using 15 N tracer technique and sealed incubation method.Each transformation process of straw 15 N in submerged soil conditioned each other,and content of straw 15 N in each process was in a dynamic state.Effects of plant varieties and soil types on soil mineralized 15 N decreased gradually with the extension of incubation time.After 112 days incubation,soil mineralized 15 N only accounted for 0 96%~1 31% of straw 15 N added to soils About 2 03%~4 25% of straw 15 N was immobilized by microbial and 0 23%~14 16% of which was fixed by clay minerals.Types of clay minerals could affect content of fixed 15 N in soils.In this study vertisol fixed much more straw 15 N than ultisol did.Obviously,the immobilization of straw 15 N decreased its loss in the form of gas,which could be beneficial to maintain soil fertility in agricultural practice.During the whole incubation,loss rate of straw 15 N ranged from 29 70% to 46 30%.After 112 days incubation straw 15 N actually mineralized 47 72%~51 74%,namely half of which still remained in the soil.


Renal-replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease was introduced approximately 50 years ago, yet the optimal timing for the initiation of dialysis is still debated. In recent years there has been a trend toward initiating dialysis at a relatively high estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR),1,2 based on the assumption that starting dialysis early may avert the many medical and social problems associated with advanced uremia. For example, in 1996, only 19% of patients in the United States began dialysis therapy when the estimated GFR was higher than 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area (early . . .


Iron can be added to flour to replace what is lost from iron during milling or to reach a level higher than naturally found in the whole wheat, which is known as fortification. The criteria for selecting the form of iron to add as fortificant include the effect on the quality of the flour and bread, and the cost. Due to the advantages of iron amino acid chelate, as organic form, its high bioavailability and its ability to protect the iron from binding with phenols and phytic acid and its resistance to stomach acidity and high temperature of food processing beside its safety, it may be preferred in bread making than iron in its an inorganic form. Therefore, this study was carried out to compare between two wheat flour fortificants, organic form iron (as iron bisglycinate) and ferrous sulphate (as inorganic form) to prepare balady bread under Egyptian conditions. Physical, chemical, rheological and organoleptic characteristics of the resulted balady bread were evaluated and the resulted data were statistically analysis. The results showed that increasing the level of ferrous addition (organic or inorganic forms) led to an increase in gluten index. It also, was found that no significant differences were observed between control sample (unfortified) and the two fortificants flour samples in all farinograph measurements such as: water absorption (%), arrival time, and dough development time and dough stability. Cost of iron also, fortification for one ton of wheat flour was calculated, in order to encouragement the official authorities such as Ministry of Supply and Internal Trade and Milling Companies. It also aimed to spread the knowledge of wheat flour fortification, which led to obtain a high nutritional value of balady bread.


Diagnosis in Neuromusculoskeletal Disorders. Congenital Deformities of the Neck and Upper Limb. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (Congenital Dislocation). Other Congenital Deformities of the Hip. Congenital Deformities of the Knee and Leg. Congenital Deformities of the Foot. Bone Dysplasias. Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease and Other Osteochondroses. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis. Infections of Bone. Benign and Malignant Bone Tumors. Septic Joints and Other Infections of Joints. Acute Transient Synovitis. Rheumatoid Arthritis. Haemophilia. Ostriochondritis Dissecans. Common Knee Disorders. Cerebral Palsy. Myelomeningocele. Other Neuromuscular Disorders. Friedreichs Ataxia. Developmental and Degenerative Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves. Traumatic Disorders of Nerves. Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita. Affections of Muscles. Spine. Limb Length Disparity. Angular and Torsional Deformities of the Lower Limb. Pes Cavus, Claw Toes, and Other Deformities of the Foot. Fractures and Dislocations. Sports Injuries in Children.


The concept of the Metaverse has started to be studied by scholars from different disciplines after the evolution of the idea of building a virtual 3D universe reflecting the real world in digital platforms. Since the impacts of such a digital universe will be enormous, it is beneficial to understand the main motives for developing such a system, the basic features of the Metaverse, its operational steps, and its possible impacts on different disciplines. When the literature is analyzed to find resources about the Metaverse, it has been seen that there are only a limited number of studies in the literature since the Metaverse is a relatively new concept in the sense that we know it today. The relationship between the Metaverse and the profession of translation and interpreting is one of the latest issues; therefore, only a few studies have been found in the literature associating somehow the Metaverse with translation, and the scope of these studies is quite limited. Therefore, the present study is innovative research elaborating on the potential advantages and disadvantages of the Metaverse in the field of translation and interpreting by referring to the studies in the literature. After a detailed analysis of the data and comprehensive interpretation of possible impacts of the Metaverse on the profession, it has been concluded that the Metaverse offers many advantages for translators, interpreters, and educators. It is also noted that such a digital environment fully integrated into people's lives may result in social, mental, and physical problems.


A key issue facing scientists performing cell-based assays is whether the physiology observed in two-dimensional culture systems truly reflects that observed in vivo. In vivo, cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) to form a dynamic threedimensional structure. It is in this interaction that many cellular functions occur including development, proliferation and communication (1,2). The ECM is multifunctional; it provides support, anchorage and separation between tissues and aids in cellular communication by sequestering growth factors and other ligands. Therefore, there is a need for in vitro surfaces that can mimic the cell basement membrane/ECM interactions found in intact tissues. Any technology (cell surface, vessel, growth medium or combinations thereof) that allows cells to maintain their physiologic function (including developmental and metabolic functions) will be of great importance for basic research and drug development studies (3).


The majority of people involved with the criminal justice system are under community supervision. In 2009, 5 million of the 7.2 million individuals under some form of criminal justice system control were supervised in the community (Glaze 2010). Although all individuals under supervision are required to report regularly to their supervising officer, the intensity and structure of supervision varies considerably according to the risk of reoffense. Managing this population to facilitate their success in becoming law-abiding citizens is a huge challenge for community supervision agencies across the country as they struggle to distribute scarce resources across their supervised population without diluting interventions and monitoring to the point of ineffectiveness. Providing the appropriate level of supervision and intensity of treatment based on an individual's assessed risk and need is the key to meeting that challenge.


Cryptographic accumulators are a common solution to proving information about a large set S. They allow one to compute a short digest of S and short certificates of some of its basic properties, notably membership of an element. Accumulators also allow one to track set updates: a new accumulator is obtained by inserting/deleting a given element. In this work we consider the problem of generating membership and update proofs for \em batches of elements so that we can succinctly prove additional properties of the elements (i.e., proofs are of constant size regardless of the batch size), and we can preserve privacy. Solving this problem would allow obtaining blockchain systems with improved privacy and scalability. The state-of-the-art approach to achieve this goal is to combine accumulators (typically Merkle trees) with zkSNARKs. This solution is however expensive for provers and does not scale for large batches of elements. In particular, there is no scalable solution for proving batch membership proofs when we require zero-knowledge (a standard definition of privacy-preserving protocols). In this work we propose new techniques to efficiently use zkSNARKs with RSA accumulators. We design and implement two main schemes: 1) \harisa, which proves batch membership in zero-knowledge; 2) \insarisa, which proves batch updates. For batch membership, the prover in \harisa is orders of magnitude faster than existing approaches based on Merkle trees (depending on the hash function). For batch updates we get similar cost savings compared to approaches based on Merkle trees; we also improve over the recent solution of Ozdemir et al. [USENIX'20].


We study the utility of graphics processing units (GPUs) for an acceleration of the data mining PageRank algorithm and a reduction of the memory size of the web graph. We first present a new web graph representation using a compressed format in order to reduce the memory allocation of the web graph. Then, this web graph is simply partitioned into small chunks to be processed on the GPUs' device. The basic steps of the algorithm are then split up into parallel operations allowing to exploit the computing power of GPUs in the CUDA language as best as possible. In the experiments, we have tested the algorithm using GPUs with a set of real web data, and compared the computation with a CPU-based one. The obtained results show that the proposed PageRank computation on GPUs outperforms the CPU version by a factor of 100, reducing at the same time the web graph memory storage by 93, 928%.


Cohort studies have clearly documented the clinical benefit of starting antiretroviral therapy before a patient's CD4 count falls below 200 cells/mm3. The importance of viral load, however, is less clear: We know that a high viral load predicts more rapid disease progression in untreated patients, but does a high load warrant starting therapy even when the CD4 count is ≥200 cells/mm3?

To address this question, researchers analyzed data from a program through which virtually all antiretroviral prescriptions are administered in British …


Considering the importance of studying the movement of certain cardiac structures such as left ventricle and myocardial wall for better medical diagnosis, we propose a method for motion estimation and image segmentation in sequential Computed Tomography images. Two main tasks are tackled. The first one consists of a method to estimate the heart's motion based on a bio-inspired image representation model. Our proposal for optical flow estimation incorporates image structure information extracted from the steered Hermite transform coefficients that is later used as local motion constraints in a differential estimation approach. The second task deals with cardiac structure segmentation in time series of cardiac images based on deformable models. The goal is to extend active shape models (ASM) of 2D objects to the problem of 3D (2D + time) cardiac CT image modeling. The segmentation is achieved by constructing a point distribution model (PDM) that encodes the spatio-temporal variability of a training set. Combination of both motion estimation and image segmentation allows isolating motion in cardiac structures of medical interest such as ventricle walls.


as the compound MgCrzOé. For the specimens prepared in a reducing atmosphere, the reducing power determinations and the measurements of the magnetic susceptibility show that chromium is partially reduced to Cr2+. The detailed analysis of the reflectance spectra shows that for the diluted specimens the CV2+ and Cr3+ are simultaneously present in solid solution in MgO, whereas for concentrated samples, MgCrzOi is also present.


Some surface properties and condition of the road have significant influence on the safety of traffic. Apart from structural defects of the road like potholes, ruts and irregularities which are a larger problem for traffic safety at higher speeds, the traffic safety is on the other hand even at lower driving speeds greatly influenced, especially on urban roads, by macro-texture and skid resistance properties of asphalt wearing course. In this paper the research was based on the influence of poor skid resistance properties and low macro texture of asphalt wearing course produced with only carbonate stone material on the traffic accidents and traffic safety of urban roads and crossroads due to extended wheel stop path.


The video quality in networked vision system is easily affected by the network congestion in the real-time video transmission process. When the machine vision network is congested, the video sending strategy must be adjusted to deal with changes in the network environment. To solve this problem, a rate control strategy based on RTCP control message is proposed. Experimental results show that this strategy can effectively reduce the packet loss rate of data during video transmission, adapt to network carrying capacity, and improve the transmission quality of real-time vision information.


The velocity measurement error in the velocity-aided SDINS on the maneuvering vehicle is unavoidable and degrades the performance of the SDINS. The characteristics of the velocity measurement error can be modeled as a random bias. This paper proposes a new method for estimating the velocity measurement error in the SDINS. The generalized likelihood ratio test is used for detecting the error and a modified separate-bias Kalman filter in the feedback configuration is suggested for estimating the magnitude of the velocity measurement error.


THIS PAPER PRESENTS PARENTS' beliefs about how and why their young children are using computers. Fifty-one parents completed two questionnaires (before and after a seven-month computer intervention) and findings suggest that parents hold positive beliefs about computer use by their children, mostly for enhancing their educational development and their technological awareness. Parents also referred to connections between children's computer use and children's self-characteristics. However, parents did not consider engaging with computers as influential on children's development as sports or other social activities. The need for further research on young children's home computer use (and other technologies) is underlined together with implications for parents and the early childhood sector.


sitivity of roughly 1 . 7 . 1 0 1 3 cm/VHz at ~ 5 kHz for an interferometer 850 cm long, which is equivalent to about 10 3 GPU. It is nevertheless possible that a network of very sensitive laser inter ferometers operating on base lines of many km be put into operation in space near the Earth in the distant future, tell ing us about all changes of the space t ime geometry which occur in the Universe.


Commercial transportation is strategic in national economy. It facilitates the mobility of material and human resources. In Nigeria, a significant number of commercial vehicles have inscriptions on different parts; an indicator that the labour force engaged in this sub sector has messages for the public. This study therefore examines language use, forms, popular themes and objectives of the writings, using tricycle, popularly known as keke as an example. Insights from Sociolinguistics and Systemic Functional Grammar conventions provide explanatory tools. Data on language use highlight current realities of Nigeria's multilingualism – language dominance and shift. Data on language forms reflect short catchy names and expressions which relate to diverse issues – identity, aggressive stance towards opposition, personal philosophy. Information from the study indicates the intricate societal relationships that give impetus to this form of mass communication; trends in language usage in this domain add to language development and a study on language use and communicative needs of a group can assist in the understanding and development of that sector of the economy.


1. A Window into the Heart and Soul of Empowerment Evaluation: Looking through the Lens of Empowerment Evaluation Principles David M. Fetterman 2. The Principles of Empowerment Evaluation Abraham Wandersman, Jessica Snell-Johns, Barry E. Lentz, David M. Fetterman, Dana C. Keener, Melanie Livet, Pamela S. Imm, and Paul Flaspohler 3. Empowerment Evaluation Principles in Practice: Assessing Levels of Commitment David M. Fetterman 4. Lessons That Influenced the Current Conceptualization of Empowerment Evaluation: Reflections from Two Evaluation Projects Dana C. Keener, Jessica Snell-Johns, Melanie Livet, and Abraham Wandersman 5. Empowerment Evaluation: From the Digital Divide to Academic Distress David M. Fetterman 6. Organizational Functioning: Facilitating Effective Interventions and Increasing the Odds of Programming Success Melanie Livet and Abraham Wandersman 7. Empowerment Evaluation and Organizational Learning: A Case Study of a Community Coalition Designed to Prevent Child Abuse and Neglect Barry E. Lentz , Pamela S. Imm, Janice B. Yost, Noreen P. Johnson, Christine Barron, Margie Simone Lindberg, and Joanne Treistman 8. Will the Real Empowerment Evaluation Please Stand Up?: A Critical Friend Perspective J. Bradley Cousins 9. Conclusion: Conceptualizing Empowerment in Terms of Sequential Time and Social Space David M. Fetterman Author Index Subject Index About the Editors Contributors


Transform coefficient scan is an important procedure of video coding. In video coding standards such as MPEG2, H.264 and AVS, there are zig-zag scan for frame coding and field scan for field coding. In this paper, a novel adaptive coefficient scanning scheme for inter-prediction coding is proposed. This scheme includes scanning pattern generation based on DCT energy statistical calculation and macroblock level Rate-Distortion Optimized scanning pattern selection. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive coefficient scanning scheme can achieve significant compression improvement.


Deblurring images corrupted by Poisson noise is a challenging process which has devoted much research in many applications such as astronomical or biological imaging. This problem, among others, is an ill-posed problem which can be regularized by adding knowledge on the solution. Several methods have therefore promoted explicit prior on the image, coming along with a regularizing parameter to moderate the weight of this prior. Unfortunately, in the domain of Poisson deconvolution, only a few number of methods have been proposed to select this regularizing parameter which is most of the time set manually such that it gives the best visual results. In this paper, we focus on the use of l-norm prior and present two methods to select the regularizing parameter. We show some comparisons on synthetic data using classical image fidelity measures.


Maps of apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) of the soil profile are widely used inprecision agriculture practice and research. Because ECa is often strongly related to clay content, soilwater holding capacity, and other soil physical properties that also relate to crop productivity, ECamaps can provide insight into the causes of within-field yield variations. A number of ECa sensors arecommercially available, each with a unique response profile (i.e., the relative contribution of soil ateach depth to the integrated ECa reading provided by the sensor). The objective of this research is todetermine if combining ECa datasets from multiple sensors with different response profiles canincrease the ability of the combined dataset to estimate soil properties, particularly in strongly layeredsoils. Data were obtained on two Missouri claypan-soil fields with pronounced layering in soil claycontent and within-field variability in the depth of topsoil above the clay layer. Numerous soil coreswere also obtained to provide calibration data for soil characteristics. The sensor with the shallowestresponse profile provided the best estimates of surface-layer soil properties, while the sensor withthe deepest response profile provided the best estimates of profile-average soil properties. Usingmultiple ECa datasets improved results in only some cases, primarily for profile-average properties.However, claypan soil topsoil depth estimations were improved when combining data from multiplesensors. Improved results might be obtained with approaches that consider the nonlinear depthweightingfunctions of the sensors as part of the analysis.


Wireless Sensor Networks are an emerging technology that provides cost effective solutions for several applications. Energy efficiency is one of the performance measures for WSNs as the sensor nodes are mostly battery powered. There are several MAC layer protocols proposed based on various mechanisms to enhance their performance. Analysing the performance of different WSN MAC protocols can help while choosing the MAC protocol for specific application need. In this work, Characteristics of MAC protocols for WSNs have been studied and one of the MAC layer Protocol Sensor MAC's energy efficiency over 802.11 CSMA/CA is observed by simulating an ad-hoc Wireless network in an event-driven open source based Network simulator tool, NS-2.


Abstract Khan, A.M., Iqbal, M., Saeed, M.A. and Bashir, I.N. 1999. Experimental tracheal resection and anastomosis in dogs. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 16: 87–91. Three techniques of tracheal anastomosis viz., simple interrupted pericartilaginous sutures, everting anastomosis by applying horizontal mattress through the apposed annular ligaments and telescoping anastomosis at two different degrees of tracheal resection (4 and 8 rings) were compared. The everting anastomotic technique proved better in terms of tracheal apposition, narrowing of lumen and healing. The degree of resection as such seems to be having no effect on tracheal healing.


Creativity is one of the abilities that every individual needs to have because of its nature that is important for selfdevelopment. To be able to survive the changes that occur, creativity is needed to continue to develop and produce new things. Creativity is the ability to create new discoveries or an ability to develop existing discoveries better than before. Creativity can grow through two main environments, namely the family environment and the school environment. Therefore, this activity is carried out in the scope of the school which is one of the main environments of creativity growth. Basically, every individual is creative. Currently the generation that is in concern is the younger generation or generation Z. Generation Z is also often referred to as the post-millinealgenerai,which in the development of personality and skills, are in the uncertainty and complexity of the socioeconomic environment. In addition, generation Z also strongly considers that his life depends on the advancement of existing technology, even until the future of his organized life. Generation Z is a future generation that will face more and more opportunities and challenges in conditions of uncertainty. To deal with the uncertainty and risks of the future, it is imperative for Generation Z to develop their creativity and increase their competitive advantage. The method of carrying out activities is to conduct deepinterviews, study relevant literature, draw up seminar and workshopactivity plans, implementation of PKM activities, evaluation of activities, and preparation and submission of activity reports. In general, community service activities have been going well and the students also give a positive response and hope this activity can be carried out continuously.


With the aid of a few basic flow relationships and a series of empirical coefficients, it is possible to design a control-valve plug which will have a predetermined flow characteristic. It has been found that the friction losses in the valve body cannot be neglected in such a design, and that the efficiency of the valve-port opening also must be included. In this paper a contoured plug has been designed with an equal percentage characteristic for a 2-in. top and and bottom-guided, single-seated, globe-type valve. The paper also includes the results of a flow test on a plug made according to this design plus a discussion of the principal limitations associated with this general approach.


The purpose of the present invention is to efficiently obtain the light amount taking polarization efficiency into account. This invention is provided with: an excitation light source (43) for emitting excitation light; a phosphor (44) for releasing unpolarized fluorescent light when irradiated with the excitation light; a blue light source (45) for emitting linearly polarized blue light; a dichroic mirror (1g) for reflecting the excitation light emitted from the excitation light source and emitting the excitation light towards the phosphor, transmitting the unpolarized fluorescent light released from the phosphor on the basis of emission of the excitation light, and reflecting the linearly polarized blue light emitted from the blue light source in the same direction as that in which the unpolarized fluorescent light is transmitted; and a polarization conversion part (46), which converts the polarization of the unpolarized fluorescent light transmitted through the dichroic mirror to the same polarization as that of the linearly polarized blue light, and which does not convert the polarization of the linearly polarized blue light reflected by the dichroic mirror.


This paper shows a technique for efficiently analyzing the information flow of a program that generally includes recursive procedures. This technique enables security levels representing the secrecy of data to be assigned according to an arbitrary finite distributive lattice. This paper proves the soundness of the proposed information flow analysis method and shows that this algorithm can be executed in cubic order of the program description size. In addition, a congruence relation is used to extend the algorithm so that functions can be appropriately introduced to enable information within arguments to be hidden. Finally, a prototype system is used to present execution results of the proposed algorithm. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(9): 48–61, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20099


The public safety complex system model from the angle of reliability was constructed by using the knowledge of reliability.Based on this,the reliability request of each unit of the first layer was decided according to the given value of system safety target by combining reliability assignment theory with fault tree analysis(FTA),and then the reliability was assigned by minimization of effort algorithm among each unit of the second layer,and so on.Thus,a quantitative model for calculating the reliability of each component in system was set up.Finally,this method was demonstrated by an example.It shows that reliability theory can be successfully applied in the field of public safety and can conveniently fulfill the optimization of system safety under the condition of a given target so as to realize guarantee effectiveness of public safety and reduce the disaster loss.


Medieval Academy of America Book of Gomorrah: An Eleventh-Century Treatise against Clerical Homosexual Practices by Peter Damian; Pierre J. Payer Review by: Ralph J. Hexter Speculum, Vol. 59, No. 3 (Jul., 1984), pp. 642-645 Published by: Medieval Academy of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2846316 . Accessed: 13/11/2013 14:49 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact email@example.com. Medieval Academy of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Speculum. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Wed, 13 Nov 2013 14:49:26 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions


From 50 days on, after vitamin E deficient diet was given to guinea pigs, typical symptoms of muscular dystrophy were observed. Muscle protein of these animals was fractionated into 3 fractions, sarcoplasmic fraction, Triton X–100 soluble fraction and myofibrillar fraction.Free catheptic activity (hemoglobin-splitting activity in the sarcoplasmic fraction), bound catheptic activity (the same in the Triton X–100 soluble fraction) and trypsin-inhibiting activity (in the sarcoplasm fraction) were determined in normal and dystrophic muscles.In dystrophic muscles, great increase in free and bound catheptic activities was observed.The increase of free catheptic activity was greater than that of bound catheptic activity.Trypsin-inhibiting activity was also increased in dystrophic muscles two- or three-fold. At the same time, decrease in the content of myofibrillar protein in dystrophic muscles was observed.These results were discussed in view of the degradation of protein in dystrophic muscles.


Slow manifolds are important geometric structures in the state spaces of dynamical systems with multiple time scales. This paper introduces an algorithm for computing trajectories on slow manifolds that are normally hyperbolic with both stable and unstable fast manifolds. We present two examples of bifurcation problems where these manifolds play a key role and a third example in which saddle-type slow manifolds are part of a traveling wave profile of a partial differential equation. Initial value solvers are incapable of computing trajectories on saddle-type slow manifolds, so the slow manifold of saddle type (SMST) algorithm presented here is formulated as a boundary value method. We take an empirical approach here to assessing the accuracy and effectiveness of the algorithm.


participants and procedure The study was performed in three different cities of Vietnam – Hanoi, Hue and Ho Chi Minh City – on adolescents, their fathers and mothers (N = 2226). The hierarchy of values was measured with a Vietnamese version of the Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ-40). Additionally, expectations of parents toward children and preferences of children were measured with a list of 28 features and attitudes prepared for the study.


A pulse-width-modulated current source inverter (PWM-CSI) drive system using an induction motor is described. Its dominant feature is that it provides adequate control of either torque or speed over a wide range without requiring a shaft position or speed sensor. The drive is simple to implement, rugged and sufficient for many controlled drive applications. The control strategy is based on the concept of controlling the stator phase angle of the induction motor. The stator voltage is sensed and the current source inverter is used to inject current into the motor with the desired phase angle. The system incorporates modulation techniques for harmonic control described in a comparison paper (see Conf. Record 1989 IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, pt.I, p.508-513, 1989).<<ETX>>


On-going process is generally understood in the opposition between on-going and completion, such as duration and state. These two notions, however, are connective by a kind of glue, that is indefiniteness. After manifesting the relationship between on-going process and completion with respect to development and emergence, we propose the formal model of on-going process via completion by dynamical destruction of the duality called adjunction between a program and possible computational sequences. This model can yield the generation of limit in a developmental program, representation, and emergent boundary as the limit.