Modelling of carbon turnover is a widely used tool to estimate soil carbon stock changes as a response to climate and land‐use change. Carbon turnover models are increasingly used not only at the point scale but also at regional and continental scales, and the Rothamsted carbon model (RothC) is a widely used model because of its simplicity and easy implementation. For the initialization of the RothC model, knowledge about the carbon pool sizes is essential. Pool size characterization can be either obtained from physical fractionation or equilibrium model runs, but both approaches are time consuming and tedious, especially for larger scale simulations. In our study, a pedotransfer function (PTF) for the estimation of all active carbon pools of the RothC model is presented. As independent variables, only total organic carbon (TOC) and clay content, which are easily available at most scales, are necessary. For validation of PTFs the resistant plant material (RPM) stock estimated from physical fractionation of soil of a wide range of types was predicted with a R2 of 0.70. In a second step, associated errors induced by the use of PTFs were analysed by using simulation runs for a 100‐year time period. Thereafter, the model was either initialized by the carbon pools extracted from physical fractionation or the PTF. Maximum relative deviations in TOC content were small (<9%) and declined to <4% after 100 years. Further, absolute errors were within the range of measurement error for soil organic carbon. Therefore, we propose that PTFs can be used to initialize the RothC model whenever physical fractionation is not feasible or equilibrium runs are considered too tedious.


Introduction Tests with novel item formats have long played a role in the assessment of cognitive abilities. With innovations in computer-based testing and performance assessment, novel and complex items are increasingly used in achievement testing as well. However, novel item formats are known to show large practice effects and give an advantage to students who are more familiar with the test format. The assumption that an item format is equally familiar to all students is especially problematic among culturally and linguistically diverse students whose experiences with testing may vary considerably. Objectives Our purpose was to explore the impact of test practice and test directions on the test performance for novel item formats, particularly in multicultural and cross-cultural assessment contexts. Methodology Quasi-experimental data was available on the test performance of English learner (EL) students in the U.S. compared to non-EL students. We tested 882 first- and second-grade students who were presented with one of three different types of test directions that were based on Universal Design principles, but emphasized different methods of providing test directions and practice. This data provides evidence of best practices to complement the literature review. Results Research has shown that test directions need to provide tailored feedback, consider common misunderstandings, and actively encourage students to attend to the directions. In our data, teacher proctoring of the testing process improved outcomes for students compared to self-proctoring (likely because it encouraged students to attend to directions and provided more opportunities for feedback). Importantly, we found that even young students are resistant to listening to directions and prefer a trial-and-error process for novel formats. Conclusions This paper reviews the literature on practice effects, provides empirical evidence on the impact of test directions and practice, and provides recommendations for best practices in test directions and test practice, particularly for computer-based testing.


Small-object detection is a challenging task in computer vision due to the limited training samples and low-quality images. Transfer learning, which transfers the knowledge learned from a large dataset to a small dataset, is a popular method for improving performance on limited data. However, we empirically find that due to the dataset discrepancy, directly transferring the model trained on a general object dataset to small-object datasets obtains inferior performance. In this paper, we propose TranSDet, a novel approach for effective transfer learning for small-object detection. Our method adapts a model trained on a general dataset to a small-object-friendly model by augmenting the training images with diverse smaller resolutions. A dynamic resolution adaptation scheme is employed to ensure consistent performance on various sizes of objects using meta-learning. Additionally, the proposed method introduces two network components, an FPN with shifted feature aggregation and an anchor relation module, which are compatible with transfer learning and effectively improve small-object detection performance. Extensive experiments on the TT100K, BUUISE-MO-Lite, and COCO datasets demonstrate that TranSDet achieves significant improvements compared to existing methods. For example, on the TT100K dataset, TranSDet outperforms the state-of-the-art method by 8.0% in terms of the mean average precision (mAP) for small-object detection. On the BUUISE-MO-Lite dataset, TranSDet improves the detection accuracy of RetinaNet and YOLOv3 by 32.2% and 12.8%, respectively.


Chemical engineers often must grapple with choosing the most-appropriate internals for fractionators. The wide variety of trays, as well as structured and random packings makes the selection difficult. Even more of a problem, however, can be determining which of the three types of hardware is most appropriate in the first place. A detailed list of the strengths and weaknesses of each hardware type is available elsewhere. Considerations include pressure drop, sensitivity to fouling, liquid holdup, ease of handling high (or low) liquid rates, resistance to oxidation, and cost. Prominent among these considerations are capacity and separation differences. Capacity and separation differences between tray and packed towers are due to four main factors: (1) differences between the capacity and efficiency of an optimal tray and an optimal packed tower design; (2) deviations from optimal design of trays, packings, and other tower internals; (3) unique system characteristics and special design features; and (4) capacity and separation gains due to the lower pressure drop of packing. This article focuses on the first factor, that is, differences between the capacity and efficiency of an optimal tray and an optimal packed tower design, because the other three factors must be analyzed on a case-by-case basis.


In this paper we review the role of the cross-functional teams for increasing competitiveness of the various organizational partnerships. The present complexity of the international business environment, the high competition and the economic globalization push many organizations to seek for new organizational partnerships, in order to faster reach their goals. Such organizational partnerships may be the networks of enterprises and clusters. For both of them, the main factor to increase competitiveness is the cross-functional teams (CFT) and their effective team work. Through communication and mutual understanding, the CFT can overcome barriers between member entities and lead to better economic parameters. The main employed method was a survey of the management literature about CFT. The result is a clear presentation of the CFT and of their effective work manner to reach a competitive level for various organizational partnerships.


The present invention distal portion of the manipulator (10) is provided with a generally concentric three or more elongate members (12, 14), the translation and relative rotation of the elongate member (12, 14), the manipulator (10) and the spatial position and orientation of adjusting both the spatial locations along the length of the manipulator (10). In one embodiment, the elongate member (12, 14) is pre-curved so that the distal end portion is substantially combined into concentric elongate member (12, 14), the overall shape of the manipulator (10) Each elongated a synthetic form of the member. By changing the direction of the relative translation and rotation of the elongate member is a component (12, 14), not only the desired spatial position and orientation of the distal end of the manipulator (10) (22), the result specific variety of shapes of the manipulator (10) is obtained. .FIELD 1A


Following the end of World War II, and emerging of a vacuum after the withdrawal of British and French forces from some of the Middle East countries in the region, creating fear in Western countries, particularly the United States, that the Eastern Bloc, in particular Russia, would seek to fill the vacuum and spread the idea of leftism and communism in the region. For this reason, the United States has made every effort to confront the idea of communism and establish a foothold in the region among its policies. To this end, then US President Harry Truman announced his country's new policy in the context of the Truman project on the Middle East in (1945). Following Harry Truman, when Eisenhower assumed power as the new US president in (1953), he put forward the new policy of his country named Eisenhower's Dwight in Congress in order to confront Russian politics and infiltrate communist thought in the area. There were several items in his project that emphasized the cooperation of Middle Eastern countries, especially in the economic and military fields.
     The Eisenhower's Dwight has had a variety of reactions from countries in the region, especially Arab countries. Some have accepted it from the very beginning. Some also expressed opposition to the project. There were also countries that initially opposed the Eisenhower project, but after a period of time following US efforts and pressure, eventually endorsed the project and became a fan of the US. As a result of these political divisions in the region, several political and military alliances between the countries of the Middle East Were formed. The idea of Nasser and the idea of Arab nationalism come to life at this time. Although originally favored by the Eastern Bloc, especially Russia, it also partially weakened the notion of communism and was about to cause tension between proponents of these two ideas. This situation had nothing in fact to do other than destabilizing the political state and the occurrence of several coups in order to change the regime of some of Middle Eastern countries, besides the long sovereignty of some Arab rulers.Regarding the Soveit Union attitude towards the Eisenhower's doctrine, it can be seen that,the Soveit Union ctitisized  by the Soviet authorities from internal and external the SoveitUnbion.For instance the The Soveit Union attempted to gain extermal allies among the Middle Middle Eastren countries to convince them this doctrine is a part previous imperliams that supported by Westren countries.Finally,in the United Nation,The Soveit attempted to make a campaign to remove this doctrine as it mention a therat of world peace.


Recent observations at King's College, London, concerning the determination of the propagation constant (attenuation and phase velocity) of electromagnetic waves over the earth's surface are described. The experimental techniques employed include the use of single-station and two-station magnetic recording of atmQspherics (sferics) propagated over great distances and the observation of the frequencies and Q factors of Schumann resonances. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of the waveguide mode theory of propagation by assuming various electron and heavy ion density profiles for the ionosphere. The present work agrees well with the observations of other workers made over a limited frequency range, and enables the propagation constant to be determined from 8 c/s to 16 kc/s.


A 3D technology is used to design ESD protection devices. Based on back-to-back diodes, these devices are dedicated to first stage, external ESD protection. The main feature consists in using deep trenches, usually employed to build capacitors, to design 3D diodes. Specific trench configuration improves cumulative ESD stress robustness.


This article deals with the Hadamard instability of the so-called $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(I)$ model of dense rapidly sheared granular flow, as reported recently by Barker et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 779, 2015, pp. 794–818). The present paper presents a more comprehensive study of the linear stability of planar simple shearing and pure shearing flows, with account taken of convective Kelvin wavevector stretching by the base flow. We provide a closed-form solution for the linear-stability problem and show that wavevector stretching leads to asymptotic stabilization of the non-convective instability found by Barker et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 779, 2015, pp. 794–818). We also explore the stabilizing effects of higher velocity gradients achieved by an enhanced-continuum model based on a dissipative analogue of the van der Waals–Cahn–Hilliard equation of equilibrium thermodynamics. This model involves a dissipative hyperstress, as the analogue of a special Korteweg stress, with surface viscosity representing the counterpart of elastic surface tension. Based on the enhanced-continuum model, we also present a model of steady shear bands and their nonlinear stability against parallel shearing. Finally, we propose a theoretical connection between the non-convective instability of Barker et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 779, 2015, pp. 794–818) and the loss of generalized ellipticity in the quasi-static field equations. Apart from the theoretical interest, the present work may suggest stratagems for the numerical simulation of continuum field equations involving the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(I)$ rheology and variants thereof.


Liberal democracy occupies the dominant position in the twentieth century,but this kind of democratic theory did not promote the aim of free and equal development of all people.In contrast,liberal democracy led to insurmountable crisis.The rise of participatory democracy in 1960s revokes the participatory idea in the political life,reconstructs the democratic theory and revives the nature of democracy.As a new kind of paradigm,participatory democracy changes the dominant position of liberal democracy,emphasizes democracy not only as a kind of governance,but also as a kind of active life,and so surpasses the idea of liberal democracy.However,the fact that participatory democracy can be achieved in small scale,implies participatory democracy only as a kind of micro and grass-roots democracy.


Cord blood platelet-rich plasma is regarded as a potential therapeutic agent with wound healing and regenerative purposes. It has many advantages, such as availability, universal use, and being rich in regenerative tissue factors. To characterize the Umbilical Cord Blood Platelet Rich Plasma (UCB-PRP), umbilical cord blood is collected from healthy mothers in sterile vacutainers. Platelet-rich plasma was extracted after two sets of centrifugations and lyophilized using the freeze-drying method. The samples are subjected to physicochemical characterization using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. This translational approach provided evidence of clinical effectiveness for understanding physiology and pathophysiology at the molecular level. Accordingly, FTIR and NMR studies provided information on the structural stability of protein molecules present in UCB-PRP.


In this paper mobile multicast mechanism based on IEEE 802.21 MIH (Media Independent Handover) for efficient network resource usage is proposed. We support the efficiency of network resource usage and fast multicast handover. The proposed architecture adopts multicast manager concept to MIH framework in order to efficiently perform mobile multicast handover, and adds the new MIH messages dedicated for mobile multicast. Multicast network selection algorithm is designed by means of terminal speed and fair selection algorithm named AHP/GRA. Finally we compare the performance of the proposed architecture with the legacy mobile multicast mechanisms. Keywords— mobile multicast, handover, mobility, MIH


The report of thermoelectric effect spectroscopy ~ TEES ! applied on semi-insulating GaN was presented. The type of TEES setup, especially suitable for film-on-substrate samples, was devised. TEES enabled determination of sign of observed deep traps. Using TEES and thermally stimulated current spectroscopy measurements in combination with the simultaneous multiple peak analysis formalism all important trap parameters were determined. The shallowest identified electron and hole traps had activation energies E c 2 0.09 eV and E v 1 0.167 eV, respectively. Results indicate that both these traps, oppositely charged are present in the studied material in relatively high concentrations causing the electrical compensation and high resistivity. © 2002 American Institute of Physics. @ DOI: 10.1063/1.1504168 #


The Environmental Protection Agency has recommended regulations that would limit the noise levels of portable air compressors. Before these Federal regulations were proposed, however, several municipalities had issued their own noise control standards for air compressors, the strictest being those of New York City. The main noise producing components of an air compressor are the diesel engine and the cooling fan. Several companies produce devices that act as barriers between the source of noise and the receiver. A noise control system of this type, developed by the Gardner-Denver Co., is described and illustrated. The acoustic and aerodynamic performance results are described, and it is concluded that further study must be conducted to determine whether the stringent noise levels required by New York City are really necessary for everyday operations. The noise reduction models described in this article, however, are readily available at this time and can effectively limit the noise generated by air compressors.


We performed GWAS on 2514 complex traits from the UK Biobank using a linear mixed model, identifying 40,620 independent significant associations (p<5x10-8). We estimate that winner's curse incurs substantial overestimation of effect sizes in a mean of 35% of discovered associations per trait. We use these results to estimate that the polygenicity of most complex traits is below 10000 common causal variants. We evaluated the impact of winner's curse on causal effect estimation and hypothesis testing in Mendelian randomization analyses. We show that winner's curse substantially amplifies the magnitude of weak instrument bias, though any inflation of false discovery rates tends to be low or modest. We designed a process of pseudo-replication within the UK Biobank data to generate GWAS estimates that minimise bias in MR studies using these data. Our resource is integrated into the OpenGWAS platform and enables a convenient framework for researchers to minimise bias or maximise precision of causal effect estimates.


Abstract After bibliographic survey on the use of slow sand filtration and particularly about the improvements which could be brought to bear on this technique, a description of a rehabilitation project of a slow sand filtration plant is made. This project concerns a water plant at Ivry which meet 15 percent of water needs for the city of Paris.


We consider infinite- servers queue with Markov modulated Poisson arrivals and a feedback. Asymptotic analysis of the aggregate arrival process is made under a condition of frequent changing of the underline chain states of the arrival process. It is proved that the aggregate arrival process is Poisson asymptotically . Applicability region of the asymptotic results is derived by means of numerical experiments.


This paper reports a case of 16-year old male patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate managed by orthognathic surgery and orthodontics using passive self-ligation and edgewise brackets. Orthodontic treatment includes passive self-ligating brackets in the upper and conventional edge-wise brackets in the lower arch. The pre surgical phase includes unilateral distalization, wire expansion of the upper arch followed by Le Fort I surgical procedure for maxillary advancement. The optimum occlusion was obtained within a short post surgical phase. Following one-year retention period skeletal relapse was absent with satisfactory occlusal stability.


The events at Winterbourne View residential home and failures on the part of the NHS to take up concerns about Sir Jimmy Savile (news October 31) are evidence that whistleblowing policies are not working.


Regardless of the activity area, the link between the firm, sustainability and the necessary means to achieve that desideratum, is real and accepted in the context in which scientists, investors, entrepreneurs, state and citizens are becoming more and more aware of the devastating impact of the chaotic activities aimed at making a profit at any cost. Being aware of the importance of the correlation between ecotourism and sustainability, after a preliminary conceptualization of the means to promote green tourism business, and some elements of ecological marketing an analysis has been attempted via the linear regression model of interdependence between arrivals of tourists in the rural boarding houses, accommodation capacity and the relative poverty rate at the level of development region in Romania. In this sense, the data provided by the National Institute of Statistics have been used.


In order to construct the proteome database based on mass spectrometry in the silkworm,Bombyx mori,the full proteins of newly-hatched silkworm were analyzed and identified by method of one-dimensional electrophoresis-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(1DE-LC-MS).The results showed that 511 matchable protein candidates and 92 peptide ion-fragments were obtained.By eliminating the redundant protein candidates,a total of 171 protein compositions were identified and defined as 121 kinds of proteins or protein subunits.Among them,36 kinds of proteins have not been deposited in the DNA or protein database of silkworm as well as other insects.The feature of the protein compositions showed that more than 64 components among 171 identified proteins were relevant to cell structure and protein metabolism.In addition,the results also showed that the 1DE-LC-MS technique is also suitable to separate and identify target proteins from the differential bands of one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the composite protein samples.


The key factors of the damping solvent extraction method (DSEM) for the analysis of the unbounded medium are the size of bounded domain, the artificial damping ratio, and the finite element mesh density. To control the simulation accuracy and computational efficiency of the soil-structure interaction, this study establishes a value optimization model of key factors that is composed of the design variables, the objective function, and the constraint function system. Then the optimum solutions of key factors are obtained by the optimization model. According to some comparisons of the results provided by the different initial conditions, the value optimization model of key factors is feasible to govern the simulation accuracy and computational efficiency and to analyze the practical unbounded medium-structure interaction.


The paper mainly introduces the latest development of the laboratory information system(LIS) application situation both in China and abroad,elaborates the application and the result of the LIS in thesis management,counting atherogenic index of plasma and one hour to report.The optimization of LIS could improve the efficiency of work and research,which should be further promoted.


Leptin is a kind of protein hormone in which more researches have beem conducted in recent years.It is closely related with many factors influencing atherosclerosis,and it plays an important role in the genesis and development of atherosclerosis.The article reviews the relationship between lepin and atherosclerosis.


This article provides an analytical derivation of the output characteristic of the optical sensor based on the geometry of the system "receiver-emitter". We determined nature of the influence of parameters such as the center distance between the transmitter and the receiver, the angle of the transmitter and receiver on the general form of the output characteristics. We derived the general laws and recommendations on the use of an optical sensor for the measurement of small linear displacement.


In this article, we reduce the unsolved problem of convergence of Collatz sequences to convergence of Collatz sequences of odd numbers that are divisible by 3. We give an elementary proof of the fact that a Collatz sequence does not increase monotonically. We define a unique reverse Collatz sequence and conjecture that this sequence always converges to a multiple of $3$.


The housing problems of rural Alaska magnify the need for adequate comprehensive planning which is viewed as continuing process. Extreme climatic conditions, remoteness, and lack of economic resources coupled with high costs and multi-agency involvement necessitate integrated site development reflecting total community needs. A specific planning and mapping sequence for a rural village is presented to illustrate how a housing program can be a catalyst for development. Planning is viewed as an evolving process where the input of the community is crucial and it is linked to current implementation.


sign that there is complete biliary obstruction. This is a most important point to determine with certainty, for while complete obstruction is the exception in gall-stone cases, it is the rule when the obstruction is due to malignant disease of the head of the pancreas. Chemical examination of the faeces in the cases I have investigated has shown that in over 60 per cent. with cancer of the pancreas no stercobilin could be found, and in 34 per cent. only traces could be discovered, whereas traces at least of stercobilin were found in every instance where the obstruction was due to gall stones, and in 82 per cent. a well-marked reaction was obtained, in spite of the fact that in many of them the faeces were quite white to the naked eye. Traces of stercobilin are usually found in malignant disease of the common bile duct and cancer of the gall bladder invading the common duct, for in these the growth is usualy of a soft character and allows a certain amount of bile to percolate through, unlike the scirrhous growth of the head of the pahereas which compresses the duct tightly from without. The white appearance of the faeces is usually most striking when the obstruction of the bile flow is associated with well-marked pancreatic disease. The peculiar glistening, silvery character of the motions in these cases appears to be due partly to the presence of fatty acid crystals, which act upon light like snow and other finely crystalline bodies, and partly to the action of anaerobic bacteria, which reduce any bile pigment that may be present to a colourless form. In catarrhal jaundice the unabsorbed fat is intimately mixed with the other constituents of the faeces and the exudates from the intestinal walls, so that the motions are of a light-grey colour and have a peculiar salve-like consistency. They give a well-marked reaction for stercobilin on chemical analysis.


Novel explicit expressions characterizing the behavior of the long-channel MOS transistor in the moderate inversion region are derived in this work. We attempt to preserves the correct dependencies on all the physical and process parameters by a careful approximation to the physical equations. The results agree with a charge sheet model and with experimental measurements of a long-channel, ion-implanted transistor in all regions of operation.


Modern automotive companies have been trying to maximize vehicle efficiency as well as well-balanced vehicle performances such as vehicle dynamics, NVH, safety, aero & thermal, and durability. Most of major companies have actively adopted virtual engineering CAE technology to make it happen. Vehicle dynamics is one of the key areas to utilize the technology, and the handling stability is one of crucial performances which should be well balanced for the dynamic stability. The handling stability is secured by subsystem-level balancing such as Kinematic and Compliances (K&C), vehicle-level balancing such as Tire Lateral Load Transfer Distribution (TLLTD) and Static Stability Factor (SSF), and Electric Stability Control (ESC). Among those, TLLTD is one of the crucial parameters for vehicle safety during the cornering and emergency handling. This paper deals with the design study on static and dynamic TLLTD for enhancing handling performance. For the purpose of the study, we have built the high-fidelity CAE model of a small car with flexible torsion beam through well correlation with VHF measurements. Based on the CAE model, we performed the steady state and transient simulations for TLLTD design study using ADAMS with GM templates and provided the design guideline for improving the handling performance affected by the TLLTD.


Full scale reactor model based on fluid equations is widely used to analyze high density plasma reactors. It is well known that the submillimeter scale sheath in front of a biased electrode supporting the wafer is difficult to resolve in numerical simulations, and the common practice is to use results for electric field from some form of analytical sheath model as boundary conditions for full scale reactor simulation. There are several sheath models in the literature ranging from Child's law to a recent unified sheath model [P. A. Miller and M. E. Riley, J. Appl. Phys. 82, 3689 (1997)]. In the present work, the cold ion fluid equations in the radio frequency sheath are solved numerically to show that the spatiotemporal variation of ion flux inside the sheath, commonly ignored in analytical models, is important in determining the electric field and ion energy at the electrode. Consequently, a semianalytical model that includes the spatiotemporal variation of ion flux is developed for use as boundary condit...


of U.S.-Soviet relations, including SALT, Europe, economic factors and the clandestine battle between the CIA and the KGB. Unfortunately, the book contains far more wishful thinking than realistic blueprints. The arms race and cold war are deeply rooted aspects of the U.S.-Soviet relationship. They will not be altered easily and certainly not by the simplistic prescriptions suggested by Arthur Macy Cox. This book has a legion of deficiencies. But space only permits a limited catalog of its errors of fact and questionable analysis. In claiming that the Soviet Backfire bomber was raised by the U.S. in SALT-II as a ploy and not a serious issue, Cox states: "The Backfire was not even mentioned prior to the Vladivostok talks because it was generally considered to be a medium-range bomber designed to attack targets in Western Europe and Asia, as well as shipping near the Soviet Union, according to civilian and military officials in the Pentagon" (p. 92). In fact, the Backfire was a major issue within the U.S. bureaucracy during SALT-I. It was repeatedly considered in SALT proposals and there were sharp disagreements between civilian and military intelligence analysts over the range and capability of the Backfire and its potential against the U.S. In fact, for several years it was one of the two or three most heated issues in the annual intelligence estimate of Soviet forces. It was also raised with the Soviets a number of times during the SALT-I negotiations, but was not made a major issue by the U.S. since bombers were set aside during SALT-I and not included in the limitations.


The goals of treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck include eradication of the cancer, minimizing the risk of treatment complications, and optimizing quality of life. Endpoints that are useful to evaluate the efficacy of treatment include overall survival, cause-specific survival, locoregional control, distant metastasis-free survival, severe complications, and quality of life. Although overall survival is a crude endpoint, it is the least subject to interpretation biases of the investigator. Hall and coworkers have demonstrated that there was no difference in overall survival or cause-specific survival after surgery with or without adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) compared with definitive RT in a large population-based study of patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx. The data were analyzed using 3 techniques: a restricted cohort study, a matched-case study, and a natural experiment study. All 3 methods failed to reveal a survival difference, regardless of extent of disease. These observations are consistent with our institutional experience treating patients with T3 glottic carcinomas; overall and cause-specific survival rates after laryngectomy were similar to those observed after definitive RT. In addition, there were no differences in the rates of locoregional control or severe complications. So, if there is no survival advantage associated with surgery, why not treat all patients with definitive RT and add concomitant chemotherapy for those with stage III-IV disease? The majority of patients present with locally advanced cancers that would necessitate a total laryngectomy, if surgery were to be performed, and only 20% to 25% of patients would be rehabilitated with tracheoesopharyngeal puncture. In addition, patients with locoregionally advanced disease would receive concomitant chemoradiation, and this has been associated with a further improvement in overall survival compared with definitive RT alone. Of course, the reason to treat some patients surgically is that additional endpoints are important; these include locoregional control, complications, and quality of life. Although the rates of local control


FIELD: measurement equipment. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to medicine and may be used to detect electrical capacitance of a biosensor chamber. For this purpose they initiate electrochemical reaction of a sample after its introduction into the biosensor chamber, comprising two electrodes arranged in the chamber and connected to a microcontroller. An oscillating signal of preset frequency is applied to the chamber. The first time sampling interval is set. Sampling of the output signal is received from the chamber with the second time interval of sampling, different from the first time interval of sampling. The phase angle is detected between the output signal and the oscillating input signal from the chamber on the basis of the output sampling signal. The electrical capacitance of the chamber is calculated by phase angle. Also the system is proposed for measurement of analyte. EFFECT: group of inventions provides for detection of sufficiency of analyte filling in an electrochemical biosensor test chamber. 23 cl, 24 dwg, 2 tbl


Photons have long been considered as a probe of the dynamics of high energy nuclear collisions. Here we present simple analytical expressions which parametrize the thermal production rates of photons for the processes {pi}{pi}{r arrow}{rho}{gamma}, {pi}{rho}{r arrow}{pi}{gamma}, and {rho}{r arrow}{pi}{pi}{gamma} which are occuring in hot mesonic matter. These parametrizations are good for photon energies greater than 150 MeV and for temperatures between 100 and 200 MeV. They can be used in various thermal and hydrodynamical models of heavy ion collisions.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a release film for an antistatic surface protective film that can produce an antistatic surface protective film not only causing little contamination on an adherend but also retaining low contamination on an adherend unchanged with the lapse of time and having excellent peeling antistatic performance without causing deterioration with the lapse of time and to provide an antistatic surface protective film.SOLUTION: A release film 5 for an antistatic surface protective film capable of transferring a silicone compound which is liquid at 20°C and an antistatic agent to a surface of a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2 of an antistatic surface protective film having the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2 on one side of a base material film 1 is produced by laminating a release agent layer 4 containing the antistatic agent on one side of a resin film 3. The release agent layer 4 is formed of a resin composition including a release agent composed mainly of dimethyl polysiloxane, a polyether-modified silicone as the silicone compound which is liquid at 20°C and an ionic compound having a melting point of 30 to 80°C as the antistatic agent.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1


Different complex features in web applications have raised
new issues on the modeling approach. Web designers should
define complex processes in web applications and provide a
clear view of the application domain. In this paper, we
propose a design model called UEWDM, which applies UML
Profiles as the graphical notation in the modeling stage.
UEWDM cope with conceptual design by divided it into twosub
design called informational class and dynamic process
design. Our contributions rely on new UML specific modeling
elements to support those complex process modeling. To
validate our design modeling, a case study of Academic
Management System is provided.


Starting from the mechanism of electromagnetic interference, this paper analyzes the causes of electromagnetic interference in switching power supplies, and summarizes measures which can restrain the electromagnetic interference. Effective restraining measures include absorption circuit, soft-switching technology, filter technique, as well as shielding and grounding technology.


At present, most watermarking algorithms use linear correlation method to detect watermarks. However, when the original media signal does not obey the Gaussian distribution, or the watermark is not embedded into the media object to be protected, this method has certain problems. The imperceptibility constraint of digital watermark determines that watermark detection is a weak signal detection problem. Using this feature, firstly, based on the statistical characteristics of DCT (discrete cosine transform) and DWT (discrete wavelet transform), the generalized Gaussian distribution is used to establish its statistical distribution model. Then, the watermark detection problem is transformed into a binary hypothesis test problem. The basic theory of weak signal detection in non-Gaussian noise is used as the theoretical detection model of multiplication watermarking, and the optimized multiply embedded watermark detection algorithm is derived. The algorithm is tested. The results show that the proposed watermark detector has good detection performance for the blind detection of watermarking with unknown embedding strength. Therefore, the detector can be applied in the copyright protection of digital media data.


[Abstract]:
Teachers and students attending schools potentially face a harsh environmental solar exposure risk on a daily basis. Solar ultraviolet radiation is a known carcinogen, yet the realities of exposure to the sun are not often detected until years or even decades later, until the development of a skin cancer or cancers are noticed. Each new school year brings with it the potential for summer sunburn. Many individuals, teachers and school children included, would be aware of the need to cover up, use hats, apply sunscreen and seek shade where possible while outdoors, but are these strategies really enough to protect school children from the harmful effects of exposure to sunlight in the long run? The importance of these strategies are presented and the role schools can play in instilling lifelong habits that will minimise the future disease risks related to childhood exposures to sunlight are discussed.


In this paper, I examine Dijkstra's algorithm in the context of solving the shortest path problem. The mathematical modeling of this problem has to do with the theory of graphs. The whole system is programmed as client system using Google Services and Android OS. Google Services are used to determine the optimum path on Google map and solve the shortest path problem as alternative of Dijkstra's Algorithm.


Paper presented at the Second International Conference on African Digital Libraries and Archives (ICADLA-2), Johannesburg, South Africa, 17-18 November, 2011,This paper outlines the activities of the African Digital Library Support Network (ADLSN) in enhancing knowledge access by promoting and assisting the development of low-cost digital libraries in Africa. It
aims to stimulate practical discussion on how digital library projects can be run in Africa in a collaborative way. It focuses on the milestones and challenges of the ADLSN, starting by narrating events leading to the formation of the network, its structure and strategic directions. The notion of National
Centres through which the Network grew is discussed and financing of activities addressed. It examines some of the barriers that must be taken into account when developing digital libraries. The paper also
makes recommendations for policies related to collaborative national and/or regional digital library projects.,African Digital Library Support Network


This paper presents a design to produce a microcontroller based digital wattmeter that measures the magnitude of power consumption of various loads (electronic devices) connected through it. To measure the power consumption under a sine wave signal (AC supply), the root mean square (rms) of both voltage and current is multiplied. The design is implemented using the techniques of digital signal processing and transformation. By this approach, both voltage and current are sampled a number of times during a cycle, the rms of the signals, real power, apparent power and the power factor are computed on the discrete signals. Finally, the magnitude of the power consumption is computed by integrating the power usage over a period of time. Product of this effort is a MIDIWAT that can measure rms voltage and current and power consumption over a period of time up to 1 kVA of loads (± 2%) with an overload protection.


As an anecdote to the one-size-fits-all curriculum, differentiation presents a pedagogical opportunity to accommodate learner variance. Differentiated instruction typically aims to address variance in at least one of the following areas: 1) student readiness; 2) student learning profiles; and 3) student interests. While each aim is fundamentally important to effectively differentiating instruction, the purpose of this descriptive best practice paper was to present a simple approach for addressing variance in individual student interest in a university setting. Participants in this teaching activity included 175 students enrolled in one of two undergraduate-level courses in the Department of Public Health at a large private university in the United States. Each participant was asked to select a book related to his or her chosen career path and that aligned with a topic covered in the course. Students selected the book of their choice and submitted the title to the principle investigator who reviewed each selection. Students were given approximately six weeks to read their selected books and write a brief book report. Participants completed a brief online survey assessing the value of this teaching approach. Descriptive analyses indicate this teaching activity was widely considered to be meaningful and beneficial, supporting the inclusion of differentiated instructional approaches at the university level.


Umbilical cord serum is a cheap, readily available source of human serum which promotes in vitro P. falciparum growth as well or even better than adult serum, and gives more consistent results. By increasing to 35 mM the HEPES concentration in RPMI medium, the time elapsed between two medium changes can be extended to 48 hours (or even to 72 hours if optimum multiplication rates are not required). An initial parasitemia of 0.2% with medium changes on day 2 and 3, generally results in 6 to 12% parasitemia on day 4 (30 to 60 X/96 hours).


Traffic-aware dynamic spectrum access (TDSA) can improve spectrum usage efficiency through demand driven spectrum allocation with the aid of cognitive radios. However, selfish behaviors of participants, such as deviation for more spectrum, can decrease the efficiency of TDSA a lot. In this paper, we prevent APs' deviation in FLEX with trigger punishment in the repeated game. The new TDSA solution can make the participants in FLEX self-enforced to cooperate incentively without deviation. Moreover, this method can also be applied to demand-driven spectrum allocation rules other than FLEX. Simulations show that our scheme can settle the problem in FLEX well, and greatly improve the spectrum efficiency.


The change of a country's exchange rate will inevitably exert significant influence upon the import and export trade of that country.The Japanese yen has witnessed,since the 1970s,three times of considerable appreciation.An analysis of the historical statistics of Japan's foreign trade and fluctuations of exchange rate has found that the third time of the yen's appreciation affected the import and export of Japan in a more obvious way,which is found to be closely related with such measures taken by Japanese businesses as industry upgrade and technological innovation.Much can be learnt from this experience of Japan by the government and businesses of China in dealing with the possible impact of the appreciation of RMB.


2nd EurasiaTrajeco conference: Connected Histories—Trading Networks Across the Eurasian Continent: Structures, Practices, and Socio-economic Impact Paris, EHESS, 28-29 November 2014 190-198, avenue de France, 75013 Paris /105 boulevard Raspail, 75006, Paris Several paradigm shifts have occurred in the conceptual field of economic and social history. The contributions of legal studies, cultural anthropology, and comparative institutional economics have cast a new light on issues that were hit...


Equal mass fermionic trimers with two different spin components near the unitary limit are shown to possess a universal van der Waals bound or resonance state near $s$-wave unitarity, when $p$-wave interactions are included between the particles with equal spin. Our treatment uses a single-channel Lennard-Jones interaction with long range two-body van der Waals potentials. While it is well-known that there is no true Efimov effect that would produce an infinite number of bound states in the unitary limit, we demonstrate that another type of universality emerges for the symmetry $L^{\Pi}=1^{-}$. The universality is a remnant of Efimov physics that exists in this system at $p$-wave unitarity, and it leads to modified threshold and scaling laws in that limit. Application of our model to the system of three lithium atoms studied experimentally by Du, Zhang, and Thomas [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 102}, 250402 (2009)] yields a detailed interpretation of their measured three-body recombination loss rates.


The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an important natural and regional climate variability resulting from the interaction between atmosphere and ocean in the tropical Pacific. Based on simulations with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) for the period 1979-2013, with model transport driven by the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis, we discuss the impact of ENSO on the variability of the dynamics and trace gas composition in the lower stratosphere during the boreal winter.


Stapled peptides are synthetic peptidomimetics of bioactive sites in folded proteins which carry chemical links, introduced during peptide synthesis, designed to retain the secondary structure in the native protein molecule. Stapled peptides have been investigated as potential modulators of protein–protein interactions for over two decades. The potential use of stapled peptides as inhibitors of viral entry, and therefore as antiviral therapeutics, has been established for several important viruses causing disease in humans, such as the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus. Several independent research initiatives have investigated the inhibitory effect of stapled peptides on binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the causative agent of COVID‐19, to its receptor, angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme 2 (ACE2). These stapled peptides, which mimic Helix 1 of the human ACE2 receptor, have demonstrated mixed ability to prevent infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 in cell‐based studies.


Guidelines recommend individualized treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), avoidance of clinical inertia, and specific therapeutic choices for patients at risk for cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure, or chronic kidney disease. However, a gap exists in translating these guidelines into practice. We created an electronic medical record (EMR) tool to improve evidence-based treatment intensification for T2D and studied its implementation in endocrinology and primary care (PC). The tool included a best practice alert (BPA) informing providers at an office visit of an A1C ≥ 8% and prompted providers, within the tool, to make therapeutic choices based upon five priority care goals- cardiovascular risk reduction, A1c lowering, low hypoglycemia risk, cost, or weight loss. After a 3-month pilot at one site, the tool was implemented using a stepped-wedge approach from March-November 2019 to all PC (N=52) and endocrinology (N=17) sites in our health system with 1903 eligible patient visits by November 2019. Within endocrinology, provider tool usage ranged from 94% of visits at the pilot site to 34% after full rollout; in PC, usage ranged from 52% during the pilot to just above 5%. Usage varied by practice site (range Uptake of a point of care EMR tool to promote treatment intensification for T2D in endocrinology and PC demonstrated variation at the specialty, practice site, and provider levels. Our findings also suggest that, given time pressures, provider focused point of care EMR-based interventions to improve T2D care may need to be supplemented with tools asynchronous to the office visit and should address patient factors in adherence. Further analyses will focus on tool effects on A1c control. Disclosure A.D. Misra-Hebert: Research Support; Self; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk Inc. K.M. Pantalone: Consultant; Self; Bayer Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc. Speaker's Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc. S. Rajpathak: Employee; Self; Menarini Group. T. Weiss: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. M. Hamaty: Research Support; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. R.S. Zimmerman: Research Support; Self; Bayer U.S., Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk A/S. Speaker's Bureau; Self; LifeScan, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Baxter, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer Inc., Procter & Gamble Company.


The paper describes the principles and the characteristics of safety checklist as a risk evaluation method.Examples of application of safety checklists to preventive maintenance activities such as criteria comparison and checkup items in place in nuclear power plants are illustrated in details with issues appeared in the checklist establishment.Checklist has a good application in the RCM analysis or in the actual preventive maintenance program for Chashma Nuclear Power Plant indicated by concrete instances.In the light of safety checklist which is used to sustain preventive maintenance as a simple and applicable risk analysis approach,we can get deep knowledge of risks of nuclear power plant to perfect preventive maintenance activities.


SUMMARY

The present experimental work was carried out at the premises of luis calero alarcon, located at km 26 ½ on the montalvo road, between the geographic coordinates 1 ° 49'17.0 latitude south and 79 ° 27'43.5 latitude west. the height is 15 msnm, average annual temperature of 24.2 ° c; annual rainfall of 1987.4 mm, and relative humidity of 85%. certified seed of rice variety iniap 14 was used, whose treatments were conformed by sulfur, fipronil, imidacloprid, lambdacialotrina, silicio, metomyl and witness. Sulfur was applied at doses of 3000 cc / ha, fipronil at doses of 400cc / ha, imidacloprid 400 cc / ha, lambdacialotrin 300 cc / ha, silicon 3000 cc / ha, metomyl 200 gr / ha and witness. the experimental design bloques al azar, with seven treatments and four replications, was used two treatments applications, at 14 days and 28 days after sowing.
All the agricultural work required for the good development of the crop, such as soil preparation, planting, irrigation, weed control, fertilization, disease control and pest and crop were carried out. during the development of the experiment, the following data were evaluated: population of nymphs and adults of tagosodes orizicolus, mechanical damage, incidence of leaf blight virus, incidence of cloud and number of tillers, ear length, yield / ha and analysis economic.
the results obtained include:
the most effective products for the control of tagosodes orizicolus, both as nymphs and adults were metomyl and lambdacialotrin, in their order.
the best adult controls of tagosodes orizicolus were achieved 7 days after the first application and 24 hours after the second application.
the best controls of nymphs were achieved 24 hours after the first application and 14 days after the second application.
mechanical damage was observed in all treatments from 14 days to 56 days after sowing. the lowest percentage of mechanical damage was observed in the silicon treatment.
the lowest percentage of white leaf virus attack was observed in the treatments with lambdacialotrina, silicio and metomyl.
the highest yield and net profit was achieved with the treatment with silicon, with 5,776.07 kg / ha and $ 933 / ha respectively


Objective Cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with reliable clinical results and high patient satisfaction. Short-stem prostheses (SS) were designed to achieve superior preservation of proximal bone stock and stability compared with those of conventional-stem prostheses (CS). This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the proximal bone remodelling, revision rate, Harris Hip Score, radiolucent line and maximum total point motion values of both SS and CS for primary THA. Method Relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving SS and CS in primary THA were identified from electronic databases, such as EMBASE, PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Result Ultimately, 12 RCTs involving 1130 patients (1387 hips) were included. The results showed that compared with CS, SS resulted in less bone mineral density (BMD) changes in Gruen zone 7 at 1 year and 2 years postoperatively (mean difference (MD)=5.11; 95% CI, 1.61, 8.61; P=0.30; and MD=4.90; 95% CI, 1.01, 8.79; P=0.17, respectively). No difference in BMD changes was found for Gruen zone 1 (MD=2.66; 95% CI, −3.31, 8.64; P<0.00001), and no differences were observed for the revision rate (relative risk (RR)=1.52; 95% CI, 0.71, 3.26; P=0.94), Harris Hip Score (MD=−0.38; 95% CI, −1.02, 0.26; P=0.89) or stem migration (MD=0.02; 95% CI, −0.07, 0.11; P=0.04). Conclusion Our results suggest that compared with CS, SS may provide superior bone remodelling and similar survival rates and clinical outcomes. However, the short-term follow-up of the included studies was inadequate to determine the long-term performance of SS.


The development of Wuxi township enterprise has made great changes in our agricultural economic structure,farmers' living condition and situation.It has also formed a new system which is based on industry,group economy,and marketing.This new system has kept industry and agriculture,city and countryside side by side.Wuxi township enterprise has been the main resource and supporter to its local finance.It is an important way to solve the problem of spare labour in rural area.Now it is a new challenge and chance for the township enterprise to develop export-oriented economy.


The industrial structure of urban-rural income gap has a positive role of investment,and fixed assets investment can improve the deterioration of the income gap.The development of foreign trade is also important factors to narrow the urban-rural income gap in the central region,while fiscal spending on agriculture,non-nationalization level of urban-rural income gap is not significant.Making the urban-rural income gap has been effectively curbed,which must adhere to the principles of efficiency and fair dynamic development of urban and rural development,vigorously improve the investment environment of rural areas,improve the labor and minimum wage system,emphasis on the development of export trade,increasing the financial rural farmers and agricultural support.


This paper evaluates benefits to be expected from an early use of Time Navigation (TNAV) capabilities now under engineering development for Flight Management Computer Systems (FMS) operating in the U.S. into airports where En Route Metering (ERM) is currently operational or is scheduled to become operational. The benefits estimates are based on the ability to define and fly fuel-efficient, ATC compatible profiles to meet metering objectives into busy terminal areas. Near-term benefits are quantified from simulation studies of two currently metered airports, Denver and Dallas-Ft. Worth, projected to all planned ERM airports. Consideration of frequency of obtaining non-conflicting "TNAV Clearances" is examined. The savings quantified are based on the use of improved delay absorption techniques using an enhanced FMS. Future operation of TNAV may provide additional fuel savings through reduction of system delay levels and the incorporation of optimization methods to maximize fuel savings.


Health policy has been termed a 'chameleon concept', referring to its ability to take on different forms of disciplinarity as well as different roles and functions. This paper extends Paton's analysis by exploring the paradox of health policy as a field of academic inquiry-sitting across many of the boundaries of social science but also marginalised by them. It situates contemporary approaches within disciplinary traditions, explaining its inter- and multi-disciplinary character. It also presents a 'way of seeing' health policy in terms of three axes: central/local, profession/management, and health/healthcare. The paper concludes with a call for a new research agenda which recognises health policy's pedigree but also one which carves a distinctive future of relevance and rigour.


Background: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Honey has been proven to have a potentiality of being among the functional foods by both in vivo and in vitro studies. Aim: This study was primarily designed to provide evidence on the apoptotic role of acacia honey on PC-3 cell line. Methods: MTT and mitotic index assay were used to determine the anti-proliferative effects. Cell cycle analysis was conducted on flow cytometer using propidium iodide. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [TNF α and IL 1β] and prostate specific antigen were determined by ELISA kits. Calcium ion level was analyzed by colorimetric method. Results: Our results show the anti-proliferative effects of acacia honey on NIH/3T3 and PC-3 cell lines with the IC 50 of 3.7 and 1.9% [v/v] respectively with simultaneous increase in the secretion of calcium ion and down regulation of prostate specific antigen. Significant [p < 0.05] dose-dependent modulation of G0/G1 phase was observed as compared with the control. However, there was an inverse relationship between TNF-α and IL-1β with latter being up regulated. Mitotic index of PC-3 cells decreased as the concentration of honey increases. Conclusion: Apoptotic role of acacia honey on PC-3 cell line may be due to modulation of G0/G1 phase, proinflammatory cytokines, calcium ions secretion and down regulation of prostate specific antigen in vitro.


abstract:As editor of Der Sturm, the most innovative art review of the 1910s, Herwarth Walden became known for promoting abstraction. But he developed his ideas on modern art while editing periodicals of the theater industry, and his engagement with performance art shaped his approach to visual art. This essay considers how Walden's satirical response to a moralizing crusade against unchaperoned schoolgirls frequenting a posh shopping street drew on his ideal of art defined not by abstraction but manifestation: the superficial expression of inner spirit in material form.


We present density-functional theory calculations of the lattice dynamics of bismuth telluride, yielding force constants, mean-square displacements and partial densities of phonon states which corroborate and complement previous nuclear inelastic scattering experiments. From these data, we derive an element- and energy-resolved view of the vibrational anharmonicity, quantified by the macroscopic Grüneisen parameter γ which results in 1.56. Finally, we calculate thermochemical properties in the quasiharmonic approximation, especially the heat capacity at constant pressure and the enthalpy of formation for bismuth telluride; the latter arrives at ▵Hf (Bi2Te3)  =  −102 kJ mol−1 at 298 K.


A process for the preparation of a selective blood-lipid-level-lowering pharmaceutical composition by extraction of the seed, root, stalk and/or leaves of alfalfa wherein the extraction is carried out with water or an aqueous solution at a temperature of at least 40 DEG C and a pH of at most 8, whereafter the extract obtained is transformed alone or together with hardly or not digestible polysaccharides and optionally with carriers commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry to a pharmaceutical composition. The composition according to the invention contains neither canavanine (being a toxic amino acid) nor coumestrol (possessing hormone effect).


Abstract Ever since the mid-nineties, Internet-related communication research has been a growing field in Hungary. Notwithstanding, scholars have so far failed to deliver a systematic overview regarding the historical and topical trends defining the field. To mend this gap, we provide a systematic literature review concerning the main trends and developments of Hungarian online media research as indicated by the most influential journals of the field between 1995 and 2021. Given its historical legacy, Hungary serves as an indicative case study from the socialist and post-socialist Central and Eastern European region, where following the repressive political regime of the Soviet Union, the development of social scientific fields was rendered virtually impossible for decades. In this study, the major research traditions of the field – new media and the Internet; information society; inequalities and the digital divide; education and digital literacy; e-governance; social media; video games; Big Data; algorithms and artificial intelligence – as well as their historical development are assessed. Furthermore, we formulate reflections regarding the results with a high emphasis on current internationalization processes in the region, as well as the prospects of Hungarian communication research within the context of these changes and of the historical-cultural legacies of the country.


The Walks The Heart of Witch Country Downham and Twiston Over Spence Moor The Vale of Wycoller Pendle Hill from Nick o'Pendle Three Rivers Walk Bowland Byways Walverden Reservoir Noggarth Ridge and Newchurch Weets Hill Pendleton and Worston The Lost Valley of the Treacle Mines Limestone Landscapes Beacon Hill Pendle Hill from Barley Great Edge and Noyna Rocks Waddinton The Leafy Lanes of Rimington A Canalside Walk in Craven Wiswell and Nick o'Pendle Roughlee and the Water Meetings A Visit to Bracewell Pendle Hill from Downham Read Heights White Moor and Admergill Water Whalley and the Nab Boulsworth Hill Kelbrook Moor Around Stang Top Paythorne and Gisburne Park


The object of our study is where each Sn is a m-dimensional stochastic (real valued) vector, i.e. denned on a probability space (Ω, , P) and adapted to a filtration (n)0≤n≤N with 0 being the σ-algebra consisting of all null sets and their complements. In this paper we interpret as the value of some financial asset k at time n. Remark: If the asset generates dividends or coupon payments, think of as to include these payments (cum dividend process). Think of dividends as being reinvested immediately at the ex-dividend price. Definition 1 (a) A sequence of random vectors where is called a trading strategy. Since our time horizon ends at time N we must always have ϑN ≡ 0. The interpretation is obvious: stands for the number of shares of asset k you hold in the time interval [n,n + 1). You must choose ϑn at time n. (b) The sequence of random variables where Sn stands for the payment stream generated by ϑ (set ϑ−1 ≡ 0).


We continue the study of the structural stability and the bifurcations of planar continuous bimodal linear dynamical systems (that is, systems consisting of two linear dynamics acting on each side ...


Bhuiyan, Outhwaite, and Henderson, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2007, 607, 54, have studied the electric double layer formed by a symmetric electrolyte in the restricted primitive model and suggested that an examination of the product of the coion and counterion profiles, normalized to the one when the distance of an ion from the electrode is large, is an interesting and useful test of a theory. This product is identically one in the PoissonBoltzmann theory but simulation results show that, at contact, this product can be greater or smaller than one at small electrode charge but always seems to tend to zero at large electrode charge. In this study we report the results of the hypernetted chain approximation (HNC/MSA version) for this product and find that, at contact, for this theory this product is always greater than the one at small electrode charge but tends to zero at large electrode charge.


According to the features of the main structure of the joint inspection comprehensive building of the reconstruction project of Wenjindu port,the paper establishes the integrated model for the structural and support system,adopts the finite element technique "based on time attribute",simulates the time-varied process jointly influenced by the structural and support system,and discloses the changing law for the inner stress of the support system,so as to provide the reference for the safe and reliable construction of the sites.


The universal experimental data for the energy-integrated angular distribution and the angle-integrated energy spectra for protons emitted from the (n,p) reactions at 14.8 MeV incident energy were analyzed earlier using the computer code PRECO-D2, developed on the basis of Kalbach's semiempirical model for the preequilibrium reactions. The results of the analysis provided the semiempirical systematics of the single-particle level densities gR(exp) (effective in the residual nuclei) and gc(exp) (effective in the composite system). In order to interpret these results, we have carried out the theoretical calculations with Shlomo's theory developed on the basis of the Green's function approach. The theoretical values based on Shlomo's theory for g Th (eRn )a ndg Th Rp (eRp) for the residual nucleus and g Th cn (ecn )a ndg Th cp (ecp ) for the composite systems, respectively, were calculated at various excitation energies by using a reasonable single-particle nuclear potential strength V0 ,a vailable from systematics in literature. Here, eRn and eRp are the single-particle excitation energies for single-particle level densities for the residual nucleus, and ecn and ecp are the single-particle excitation energies of effective single-particle level densities for the composite system for neutrons and protons, respectively. The Coulomb interaction potential Vc was included for protons over and above the nuclear potential V0. The total theoretical values were taken as g TTh (eR) = g Th Rn(eRn) + g Th Rp (eRp) for residual nuclei and g TTh c (ec) = g Th cn (ecn) + g TTh cp (ecp ) for the composite system. eR is the Fermi energy of the total effective single-particle level density for residual nuclei, and ec is the excitation energy of the effective single-particle level density of the composite system. Careful comparison of theoretical and experimental results shows that gR(exp) matches with g TTh R (ef )f orV i 0 = 45 MeV where (ef ) is the Fermi energy. The theoretical values g TTh (ef ) also nearly agree with the previously reported values by various groups, obtained through different approaches for a large number of cases. The values of gc(exp) always are found to be greater than gR(exp) and match with g TTh c (ec) at effective excitation energies ec, which are found to be invariably much higher than the respective ef and are positive and follow the nuclear shell model structure when plotted against A. This supports the concept that the values of effective gc(exp) are decided mainly by dominant transition, which occurs during initial stages of the multistep statistical direct preequilibrium process that involves unbound states. The values of gR(exp), on the other hand, are found to correspond to the effective eR around the Fermi energies of the bound states of residual nuclei involved in the decay processes. The ratios of gc(exp)/gR(exp) are found to follow the ( � e c� � ef � ) 1/2 f description and to match Shlomo's theory.


tag=1 data=Fears of a fifth column. by Norm Lipson

tag=2 data=Lipson, Norm

tag=3 data=The Bulletin,

tag=6 data=22 January 1991

tag=7 data=24-25.

tag=8 data=FOREIGN AFFAIRS%TERRORISTS

tag=10 data=The prospect of war in the Gulf and Australia's military participation there as dramatically increased the threat of terrorism at home.

tag=11 data=1991/3/2

tag=12 data=91/0207

tag=13 data=CAB


Present embodiments contemplate systems, apparatus, and methods to improve feature generation for object recognition. Particularly, present embodiments contemplate excluding and/or modifying portions of images corresponding to dispersed pixel distributions. By excluding and/or modifying these regions within the feature generation process, fewer unfavorable features are generated and computation resources may be more efficiently employed.


The present invention relates to the heteroaryl aryl urea of the formula IA; The use of such compounds in the treatment of protein kinase dependent diseases; A pharmaceutical formulation comprising the heteroaryl aryl urea; The method of the novel compound; And to a treatment method comprising the use of the heteroaryl aryl ureas. Wherein radicals and symbols have the meanings defined herein. Pyrimidinyl aryl urea derivative, a protein kinase dependent disease


The article considers the current problem of modern scheme of Russia forest zoning designing and methods of forest typological assessment of forest climatopes and forest typological zoning. For the northern part of European Russia at the beginning of the XXI century, the climates of forest thermotopes, contrastotopes and hygrotopes, their spatial distribution, geographical stretching and zoning has been determined by classical forest typological methods. It has been ascertained four zones of forest climatopes, four zones of continentality (zones of forest contrastotopes), one of that has separate semienclave from the White and Barents Seas, and five zones of forest hygrotopes (one of that is disjunctive). A new, previously undescribed climate of the contrastotop of the mild (seaside) forest climate has been identified, requiring an assessment of the forest-growing effect. It has been established that the modern zones of forest thermo-, contrast- and hygrotopes have a different nature of geographical extent, and modern boundaries of zones have characterized by dynamical mobility and indefinite form in most cases, especially boundaries of forest hygrotopes climate zones. The modern forest typological zoning of the northern part of European Russia is proposed according to three equivalent climatic regimes and it has established forest typological regions with maximal area. In connection with complicate of boundaries of zones character it is established that the greatest diversity of forest typological areas are between boundaries of thermotopes and hygrotopes climate zones and from White and Barents Seas and Ural Mountains. The question is raised about the assessment of the actual existence of some selected local forest typological areas as geographical ecotones.


A new class of inorganic corrosion-resistant coating, zeolite coating, was prepared on aluminum alloys and shown to be highly corrosion resistant even in strong acid and pitting aggressive media. The coating also has good adhesion, wearresistance, and paint compatibility. The in situ crystallization coating deposition process is clean and can coat surfaces of complex shapes and in confined space. Therefore, it can potentially serve as an environmentally friendly, alternative corrosion-resistant coating for aluminum alloys. The coating also appears to be generally applicable to other metals, including steel. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. !DOI: 10.1149/1.1359396" All rights reserved.


A shift from a linear economy to a circular economy of resource consumption is vital for diverting the value from lost resources to resource-efficient products towards developing a sustainable system. Household digesters provide one opportunity to create a biogas-based circular economy. Because household digesters are typically fed a wide and variable range of substrates, it is important to determine the ideal mixing ratios for them. In this study, an anaerobic digester startup process was analyzed and an assessment of anaerobic co-digestion of food waste with different livestock manures was carried out at ambient temperatures. Food waste (FW), cow manure (CM), poultry litter (PL) and goat manure (GM) were co-digested at mixing ratios (FW:PL:CM) of 2:1:1, 2:2:1, 1:1:2, 1:1:1 (wt/wt) and FW:PL:GM at mixing ratios of 2:1:1 and 1:1:2, at an organic loading rate of 1 g volatile solid (VS)/L/day, and 8% total solids. A maximum methane yield was obtained from co-digestion of FW:PL:GM at a mixing ratio of 2:1:1 in autumn-to-winter conditions, 21–10 °C, while the mixing ratio of FW:PL:CM at 2:2:1, showed negligible methane production under the same temperature condition. This study suggests that co-digestion of food waste and poultry litter with goat manure yields more biogas than other substrate combinations. Therefore, selecting suitable co-substrates with an optimized mixing ratio can promote several key indicators of a biogas-based circular economy towards achieving sustainable development goals 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13 and 15.


Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) used in solar cells must be optimized to achieve minimum parasitic absorption losses while providing sufficient lateral conductivity. Low contact resistance with the adjacent device layers...


The electronic compass based on magnetic resistance sensor,reflects the characteristics of high precision and high sensitivity.In view of this,an electronic compass system based on the PNI sensor was proposed.It used an Atmega16 as the master chip.The data acquisition terminal was composed of SEN-R65 magnetic resistance sensor and a PNI11096 magnetic chip.The man-machine exchange platform was made up of a 1602 liquid crystal,a buzzer,diodes and buttons.The electronic compass realized multiple functions including displaying the current direction angle,multi-level menu operation,a guiding buzz,magnetic field calibration,directional navigation,dormancy energy-saving etc.Experiments show that the absolute error of the direction angle of the electronic compass is reduced to 1.73%.


Biological nitrogen fixation is an inherent trait exclusive to a select number of prokaryotes. Although molybdenum nitrogenase is the dominant catalyst for dinitrogen reduction, some diazotrophs also contain one or two additional types of nitrogenase that use alternative metal content as the active‐site cofactor. The occurrence of alternative nitrogenases has not been well studied due to the discriminatory expression of the molybdenum nitrogenase and lack of comprehensive genomic data. This study reports on the genomic analysis of 87 unique species containing alternative nitrogenase sequences. The distribution of nitrogen‐fixing genes within these species from distinct taxonomic groups shows the presence of the minimum gene set required for nitrogen fixation, including catalytic and biosynthetic enzymes of the Mo‐dependent system (NifHDKENB) and the varying occurrence of additional Nif‐dedicated components. These include NifS and NifU, found primarily in aerobic species, thus suggesting that these genes are necessary to accommodate the high demand for Fe−S clusters during aerobic nitrogen fixation.


Objective To evaluate the role of the localized biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions(NPBLs) by mammography combined with wire localization technique.Methods 82 NPBLs patients detected by mammography were resected with wire localization technique.Results The NPBLs of 82 patients were resected only once, the wire localization were integrated ,and nobody had complication. 22 patients were diagnosed breast cancer ,the others were benign focus.Conclusion The results showed that the localized biopsy by wire localization was the first method diagnosing NPBLs was responsible.Accurate localization ,integrated resecting the focus,accurate freezing were critical.


In this paper, the unbalanced input voltage three level inverter, which is able to absorb the regenerative brake power and to output more voltage with the electro double layer capacitor (EDLC) connected in series, is studied. The harmonics characteristics are discussed both theoretically and experimentally. The calculated results of the theoretical harmonics are verified by the experimental tests results.


Based on the situation of shortage of water resource in Binchuan county of Yunnan,the author analysed feasibility of water use efficiency in agriculture in Binchuan,obtained that we should raise utilization ratio of water through adopting economization irrigation of water utilization,reducing losses in the course of water transmission by adopting engineer measures and making full use of soil water.


Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of a new semi‐implantable electromagnetic hearing device, the SOUNDTEC™ Direct Drive Hearing System (DDHS), and to compare its performance with that of subjects' previously worn, optimally fit hearing aids. Preliminary results for the first 10 subjects are presented.


Introduction: Rural GPs play a significant role in the mental health care of their patients. It is therefore crucial that they have access to reputable support and advice that enhances their existing knowledge. This article outlines a recent project initiated by the Australian rural Ballarat and District Division of General Practice (BDDGP) to develop and implement an online resource to facilitate local implementation and delivery of the ' Better Access to Mental Health Care ' (BAMHC) program. This 12 month project was initiated in response to a request from local GPs for additional information about and support in using the BAMHC program. The project is the culmination of significant collaboration among key stakeholders that includes local GPs, GP advisors from BDDGP, BDDGP staff, and two University of Ballarat research centres (the Centre for Health Research and Practice, and the Centre for Electronic Commerce and Communication). This article documents the key stages involved in the project from initiation to implementation, and reports on the use of this resource 12 months after its launch. Method: The BDDGP represents 107 GPs and six GP registrars and covers a large rural/semi-rural area of 7300 km 2 and a catchment population of more than 120 000. The format and design of the project entailed four distinct but interrelated stages of development: (1) developing the program specifications and localising it to the BDDGP catchment; (2) constructing a decision-making support tool with 7 sequential steps comprising key questions and links to detailed answers; (3) developing and populating an online service directory of local allied health professionals; and (4) constructing the website for easy access and navigation for GPs and other service providers. Results: The website was publicly launched in December 2007 and is hosted by BDDGP. Since then it has received strong support.


Experiments show for the first time the quantization of exciton energies in a 2D semiconductor exposed to a high magnetic field, setting the stage for explorations of quantized excitons in the presence of strong Coulomb interactions.


Aiming to address deficiencies existing in traditional image inpainting algorithms, an improved image inpainting algorithm, named S-Criminisi, is proposed. Compared with traditional image inpainting algorithms, advantages of S-Criminisi are: (1) Instead of using traditional curve fitting method, S-Criminisi utilizes the Difference Method calculating gradient operator and obtaining curvature of target point; (2) To solve discontinuities of visual images caused by error matching, a new matching method based on matrix similarity is applied by S-Criminisi. Experimental results show that S-Criminisi is more suited for characteristics of digital image and be a better solution for discontinuities of visual images.


Introduction Traditional treatment of idiopathic flatfoot in the adult population include calcaneal neck lengthening or fusions. These surgical methods result in abnormal function with significant complication rates. Our prospective study aimed to quantify the functional and radiological outcome of a new technique for spring ligament reconstruction using a hamstring graft, calcaneal osteotomy and medial head of gastrocnemius recession if appropriate. Methods 22 feet were identified from the senior authors flatfoot reconstructions over a 3 year period (Jan 2013 to Dec 2015). 9 feet underwent a spring ligament reconstruction. The control group were 13 feet treated with standard tibialis posterior reconstruction surgery. Follow up ranged from 8 to 49 months. Functional assessment comprised VAS heath and pain scales, EQ-5D and MOXFQ scores. Radiographic analysis was performed for standardised parameters. Results Each group contained two bilateral procedures. The spring ligament patients had a mean age of 43, BMI of 29 and a male to female ratio of 4;1 There were no statistical differences between groups starting point functional scores or pre-operative radiological deformity. Post-operatively there was a statistically significant improvement of all domains and overall MOXFQ, EQ5d and VAS in the spring ligament patients. There was a statistically significant improvement in all radiological parameters with all patients being returned to normal. Functional scores were not significantly better than the control group [MOXFQ components, Control vs spring ligament group, Pain: 42 vs 45 (p=0.71), Walking: 50 vs 56 (p=0.43), Social: 35 vs 39 (p=0.72), EQ-5D: 0.64 vs 0.70 (p=0.72)]. Spring ligament reconstruction produced statistically better deformity correction for 4 of 5 measured radiological parameters (p Conclusion Our new method of spring ligament reconstruction restores normal anatomy. In comparison to traditional procedures our method provides equivalent functional results and improved deformity correction.


This paper deals with Public Key Infrastructures (PKI) deployment considerations in an enterprise medium. After a presentation of services offered by public-key cryptography, business models secured with this technology are presented. On top of these infrastructures, Web-based learning systems can be implemented and the secure communications between learners and Web-learning servers are assured. 1. SERVICES OF PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY After the year 1976 the problem of network security and the cryptography knew interesting new directions. Diffie and Hellman imagined a new security technology in which the key for encryption and the key for decryption were related but different. More, it is possible to made public one of these key without the danger of anyone being able to compute the other. Their concept presented in (2) was radical at the time. Since then, a large number of mathematicians, computer scientists and engineers explored the boundary between theory and practice and tried to understand the difficulty of specific mathematical problems. Since the publication of the classic Diffie-Hellman paper, much progress has been made, but the research in the field of asymmetric ciphers and related subjects continues. Asymmetric ciphers make use of two related keys. In this key pair, knowing one does not allow derivation or computation of the other even if the enemy can use a lot of computing power. The information encrypted with one key must be decrypted with the other one. This means that one of the keys will be made publicly available, and the other one will be kept private. The idea that one of the keys in this pair can be revealed publicly was so radical and this method became known as public-key cryptography. The relationship between the keys in a pair is mathematical and may rely on information known only by the key pair creator. In this technology, the security is based on the fact that that is computationally infeasible for anyone than the key pair creator to derive the private key from knowledge of the public key.


INTRODUCTION The Web is emerging as the de facto medium for conducting all types of economic, political, and social activities. Nowadays, organizations publish data in various Web information sources (e.g., databases, HTML and XML repositories) without referring to any central control. Publishing information on the Web is no longer a major issue. However, accessing Web databases in a uniform and efficient way is still a research goal. In general, Web users are novice. They are not expected to have experience dealing with databases or knowledgeable about all available databases. In this respect, requiring users to keep track of information such as locations, formats (or structures), content, and query languages of the growing number of Web databases is unreasonable. There is a need to provide across the board transparency to allow users to access and manipulate data irrespective of platforms, locations, systems, etc. Users must be provided with tools for the effective and efficient exploration of such systems. The challenge is to build an infrastructure that can support flexible tools for information space organization, communication facilities, information discovery, content description, and assembly of data from heterogeneous sources. Old techniques for manipulating these sources are not appropriate and efficient for Internet/Web-based databases. In this context, we distinguish the following key issues when dealing with Web databases: • Discovering relevant information sources in a very large and dynamic information space. • Understanding the meaning, content, and patterns of use of the available information sources. Users have a need to be incrementally educated about the information space. • Accessing located sources and querying them for relevant information items. To address the aforementioned issues, we developed the WebFINDIT system. WebFINDIT builds a scalable and uniform infrastructure for locating and accessing heterogeneous and autonomous databases in large and dynamic environments. One key feature of our proposed approach is the clustering of Web databases into distributed ontologies. An ontology provides an abstraction of a specific domain of information interest. For example, databases related to medical research would belong to the ontology called Research. The same database may belong to as many ontologies as it desires based on its own information interests. To deal with the dynamic nature of the Web information space, databases may join and leave ontologies at their own discretion. The main advantage of the proposed ontological organization is filtering interactions and reducing the overhead of locating information. Moreover, ontologies and databases are linked through …


Nowadays all illegal activities are happened using the communications in instant messages.Present framework for instant messenger have control over suspicious words but not in depth.The proposed system is a framework, which predicts and highlights such suspicious messages along with suspected threat activity with offender's personal details. All the instant messages are faced by the system for any supposed cipher threat activity. This framework is developed using association rule mining and ontology based information extraction technique with set of predefined knowledge based rules for decision-making process. In addition the system verifies code words and short form suspicious words. The system also stores the instant messages in encrypted form to facilitate security to the messages. Then the system figures out suspicious messages by decrypting the encrypted instant messages from the database. This framework is tested with the data sets, which are learned from past learning experiences of suspicious dataset such as GTD (Global Terrorist Database). Experimental results obtained will aid to take timely decision for exterminating cybercrimes. Thus this proposed framework detects suspicious messages from instant messaging systems in early stage and helps to identify and predict the type of cyber threat activity and traces the offender details.


Objective: To investigate the relationship between nutritional status and body fluid distribution in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods: Sixty-six CAPD patients without edema were recruited in this study. Patients' fluid status was measured by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and nutritional status was assessed by subjective global assessment (SGA). Thirty-six age-matched healthy people served as controls. Results: As compared to the healthy control, CAPD patients had significant abnormal fluid distribution in the body with significantly decreased intracellular water (ICW) and little change in extracellular water (ECW). Malnutrition further aggregated the changes in body fluid distribution. Conclusion: Body fluid distribution is abnormal in CAPD patients and may be affected by patients' nutritional status. The ratio of ICW/ECW can not be correctly used to evaluate hydration state when the patient is malnourished. Key word: intracellular water (ICW); extracellular water (ECW); bioimpedance analysis (BIA); malnutrition


Aortic dissection is a sudden event with high mortality rates. Its incidence is about 5 to 30 patients per million. The mortality of this disease increases 1-2% with each hour after dissection. It is most common in men between 50 to 60 years of age. The íntimal tear of the aorta is the main event. Cystic necrosis or degeneration of the mid aortic layer is the previous for the development of a traumatic aortic dissection. We present the case of a patient with an aortic dissection accompanied by clinical features and imaging studies. After diagnosis, surgical treatment was performed without complications.


In her literary work, the contemporary Portuguese writer Agustina Bessa-Luis challenges the canons with a reinterpretation of the established code s. The female's place in a rigidly patriarchal culture is treated in a critical manner, redefining the role o f the woman in society. The struggle between Christianity and Paganism, one of t he principal themes in her literary production, emphasizes women's answer to masculine oppression. By seeing a resistance to the phallocratic pressures of Christianism in the characte rization and trajectory of the protagonists, our analysis emphasizes the narrative, social, and religio us aspects of the rebellion contained in Agustinian writing. Believing that Celtic Heritage plays a part in the resurgence of feminine power, this article seeks to analyse the pagan element as a structural axis in the subversion proposed in the author's work.


In this study, we consider to propose combined control charts for the process mean and variance to control simultaneously. First of all, we review the existing combined control charts and then proposed new control charts based on the union-intersection test for the jointly likelihood ratio statistics. Also we adopt the Liptak combining function for another combined control chart. For those combined control charts, we use the fact that a series of the hypothesis tests is equivalent to the maintenance of control charts. In order to combine the two individual tests for the respective mean and variance, we utilize the p-values for each individual test. Then we discuss some interesting aspects of the combining charts.


We start with a formulation of a modified "Poisson" equation from Poissons and Will as of 2014, and then use the Padmanabhan inter relationship between an inflaton and an early universe potential system. Then from there, we come up with a quadratic equation for a minimum radius, for producing a "massive graviton" value. We then close with observations as to what this implies as to gravitational physics.


Abstract In this paper, we consider the ideal based zero divisor graph ΓI(R) of a commutative ring R. We discuss some graph theoretical properties of ΓI(R) in relation with zero divisor graph. We also relate certain parameters like vertex chromatic number, maximum degree and minimum degree for the graph ΓI(R) with that of Γ(R/I ). Further we determine a necessary and sufficient condition for the graph to be Eulerian and regular.


: The literary work of Stanisław I. Witkiewicz (Witkacy), whose world career began in the fifties of the last century, is considered today in many aspects as precursory to postmodernism. In his dramas and novels, this is mani-fested in the creation of characters who are internally broken up, who act like deregulated human machines and who are unable to control their own drives. These motifs are also reflected in the writer's broken identity, which is torn apart by contradictions ("knots") and which constantly doubles itself. In my article, I demonstrate to what extent this obsession with his own double is rooted in the instrumental treatment of Witkacy by his father, who wanted to see in his son a perfect artistic embodiment of himself. The whole of Witkacy's work, considered from this perspective, is a rebellion against his father, expressed in the (futile) desperate attempts to break away from being his better copy, his double.


Chromosomal aberrations are a frequent cause of miscarriages during the first trimester of gestation. The most frequent finding in the authors group was trisomy 16 (in five patients). After extracorporeal fertilization (IVF) the percentage of abnormal karyotypes does not increase, the main risk factor being the women's age.


Introduction blunt renal traumas in children are rare and their management is not suited to a very clear consensus. We sought to report our experience in managing renal injuries in children presented after blunt abdominal trauma. Methods data of children aged less than 16 years with blunt renal injuries between January 2015 and April 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic characteristics, clinical course, biological results, radiological findings, associated injuries, management and follow up of included patients were described. Renal lesions were classified according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST). Results we included a total of 20 children, of whom 70% (n=14) were males. The mean of age was 8.50 ± 3.42 years. Falls in 65% (n=13) and motor-vehicle accidents in 35% (n=7) were the two main mechanisms of injuries. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom and macroscopic hematuria was assessed in 55% of patients (n=11). Low-grade injuries (I-III) represented 40% of the cases (n=8), 60% of injuries were AAST grade IV (n=12) and none with AAST grade V was diagnosed. Spleen injuries in 25% (n=5) as well as traumatic brain injuries in 25% (n=5) were the most identified concomitant injuries followed by liver lesions in 15% (n=3). 75% of renal injuries (n=15) were managed conservatively and all cases that required an operative management were with AAST grade IV. No nephrectomy in our series was performed and the follow up was favorable with a median of 3 years. Conclusion our data suggest that the majority of children with blunt renal injuries can be managed conservatively regardless the grade of lesions as long as no hemodynamic instability or symptomatic urinoma are identified.


800x600 The paper presents the results of research on the influence of primary soil tillage in long term field trials at the Experimental Farm "Chetrosu", Anenii Noi district, Republic of Moldova. Primary soil tillage has not influenced initial reserve of soil water in spring. Primary tillage with tools paraplow type contributed to the differentiation of arable layer after physical proprieties. The soil on paraplow variant was compacted up to 1.13-1.31 g/cm 3 in the 0-10 cm layer, in the 10-20 cm layer from 1.17-1.49 g/cm 3 and a little less 1.18-1.45 g/cm 3 in the layer of 20-30 cm. The variants of soil tillage with tools paraplow type have increased infestation of crops and soil with weeds, especially with perennial weeds that are difficult to control. The experiments in pots has settled that paraplow tillage of the soil during a long period (19-20 years) has decreased the fertility of 0-30 cm layer by 21-22% compared to plowing. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
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