DNA methylation plays important roles via regulation of numerous cellular mechanisms in diverse organisms, including humans. The paradigm bacterial methyltransferase (MTase) HhaI (M.HhaI) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from the cofactor S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) onto the target cytosine in DNA, yielding 5-methylcytosine and S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (AdoHcy). The turnover rate (kcat) of M.HhaI, and the other two cytosine-5 MTases examined, is limited by a step subsequent to methyl transfer; however, no such step has so far been identified. To elucidate the role of cofactor interactions during catalysis, eight mutants of Trp41, which is located in the cofactor binding pocket, were constructed and characterized. The mutants show full proficiency in DNA binding and base-flipping, and little variation is observed in the apparent methyl transfer rate kchem as determined by rapid-quench experiments using immobilized fluorescent-labeled DNA. However, the Trp41 replacements with short side chains substantially perturb cofactor binding (100-fold higher KDAdoMet and KMAdoMet) leading to a faster turnover of the enzyme (10-fold higher kcat). Our analysis indicates that the rate-limiting breakdown of a long-lived ternary product complex is initiated by the dissociation of AdoHcy or the opening of the catalytic loop in the enzyme.


Despite the hype surrounding enterprise architectures, they have delivered little on their promise. In this paper, we argue that enterprise architectures built using component-based frameworks are fundamentally flawed, in that they model the enterprise as a set of independent structures with discrete boundaries. Disparate concrete metaphors are used to describe each of these structures, with the result that enterprise architectures can only achieve partial success, at best, in providing a unified view of the enterprise.This paper introduces the concept of 'elastic metaphors' as society-sourced metaphors for the conceptual modelling of information systems. By modelling the organisation using elastic metaphors sourced from naturally occurring enterprise structures, the enterprise architecture approach presented in this paper avoids the framework segmentation problem.


Effect of cold acclimation and ABA on cold hardiness resistance, contents of proline in tea plants was studied. The results showed that through cold acclimation and ABA treatment, the cold hardiness of tea plants was changed greatly during the process of acclimation to deacclimation, showing a trend from low to high then to low again. And ascertain 7℃and 9℃are the crucial temperature to finish acclimation or start declimation respectively. On the other hand, it can be concluded that the rising degree of cold hardiness resistance was lower during artificial or ABA treatment than that of natural cold acclimation. At the same time, changes of Proline content weren't regular, the relationship between proline content and cold hardiness resistance was insignificant. It implied that changes of proline content during cold acclimation were an integrative response in tea plant.


The article is developed based on the hypothesis that the Silueta's series (1973-1979) of Ana Mendieta (1948-1985) can be thought through the relation with the kaleidoscope. On the one hand, as a paradigm of thinking about the dialectical image present in Walter Benjamin's thesis, and on the other, as a metaphor for sensible understanding the series created by the Cuban artist. The text is grounded in the thought of four of these works and relates them with reflections presented in the writings, mainly of Georges Didi-Huberman and Walter Benjamin.


We are developing a real-time lecture transcription system for hearing impaired students in university classrooms. The automatic speech recognition (ASR) system is adapted to individual lecture courses and lecturers, to enhance the recognition accuracy. The ASR results are selectively corrected by a human editor, through a dedicated interface, before presenting to the students. An efficient adaptation scheme of the ASR modules has been investigated in this work. The system was tested for a hearing-impaired student in a lecture course on civil engineering. Compared with the current manual note-taking scheme offered by two volunteers, the proposed system generated almost double amount of texts with one human editor.


Project management improvements have tremendous implications for economic performance.firms are facing challenges to improve success rate of their IT projects,this paper focusing on leadership as one of the most important factors for project success, by presented leadership as the art of project management ,and project mismanegement,factors for success and failure, then the important differences between leadership and management, finally present proposed model for project success.


Consider the following class action involving the cable television industry: Acme Cable, which provides service to all subscribers in Maintown, charges its customers a substantial late fee, which may amount to unenforceable liquidated damages. Other cable companies throughout the state levy similar or identical charges on their customers.' After locating John Doe, an aggrieved resident of Maintown, an attorney initiates a class action on behalf of Doe and all other similarly situated parties against twenty-six cable operators throughout the state (Acme through Zydeco). Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ("Federal Rules"), this litigation could take one of two forms: (1) using Rule 23, a plaintiff class of consumers could sue a defendant class of cable companies (a bilateral class action);2 or (2) a Rule 23 plaintiff class of consumers might individually join all twentysix defendants through Rule 20.' Because he has only been injured by Acme, Doe lacks a valid cause of action against the other twenty-five cable defendants. Doe may, however, escape this predicament. Although courts generally require that the class representative have a cause of action against each defendant, there are two exceptions to this requirement: "(1) Situations in which all injuries are the result of a conspiracy or concerted schemes between the defendants ... and (2) Instances in which all defendants are juridically related in a manner that suggests a single


We present an interpretation of the structure and faulting of an industry multichannel line across the Central North Sea Graben. We observe substantial faulting between the mid-Jurassic and mid-Cretaceous and on the base Zechstein (salt) reflector. To estimate the extension from these faults we consider movement along both planar and curved faults. We demonstrate that summing the heave (the horizontal displacement) overestimates the time measure of elongation for planar, 'domino-type', faulting. However, for high-angle normal faults and up to 70% extension (β= 1.7) the heave only overestimates the extension by 13%. In the absence of other information, summing the heave provides a useful estimate of extension in the case of domino-type faulting. For curved 'listric' faults the heave is only a true measure of the elongation if the antithetic faulting which removes the voids is vertical. Antithetic movement along inclined shear planes implies significantly more extension. We used the two models; of faulting to introduce progressively greater amounts of internal deformation in the crustal rocks and sediments to attempt to reconcile the estimate of extension necessary to give the observed subsidence and that given by analysing the faults visible on the seismic line. Estimates of extension obtained by allowing antithetic faulting along inclined shear planes are consistent with the range of estimates necessary to account for the post-mid-Jurassic subsidence. The estimates for the prior mid-Jurassic faulting are still substantially less than those necessary to explain the subsidence. However, this is not of major concern as there are many reasons as to why analysis of the faulting should underestimate the pre mid-Jurassic extension. Our interpretation of the seismic line implies curved faults bottoming in the lithologically weak Zechstein salt. These faults are decoupled from the region below and, hence, do not reflect the geometry of the faulting in the basement.


n "Do Teacher Effect Estimates Persist When Teachers Move to Schools with Different Socioeconomic Environments?"—a paper presented at the February 2008 National Center on Performance Incentives research to policy conference—Sanders, Wright, and Langevin describe how teacher effectiveness outcomes are consistent when teachers switch between schools serving different student populations. They recommend that policy makers use highquality teacher effectiveness measures to determine which teachers should be incentivized to either move to, or remain in, schools serving high-needs student populations.


Objective:To evaluate spiral CT in the diagnosis of burst fracture of thoraco-lumbar spine.Methods:The radiographic and CT features of vertebral burst fracture in 45 patients(63 vertebrae involved) were analyzed retrospectively.Results:A total of 63 vertebrae showed burst fracture,of which Th12 to L2 were involved in 52 vertebrae(82.54%).L1 vertebral bone had the highest rate of involvement(30 vertebrae,47.62%).The higher the position of fracture and the more severe the degree of spinal canal stenosis,there was higher possibility of spinal cord injury.Conclusion: Spiral CT scanning in combination with multiplanar reformation and surface shaded display post-processing techniques are useful to clearly demonstrate the three-dimensional spinal column anatomic structure and the severity of burst fracture and spinal canal stenosis,which play important role in the diagnosis of vertebral burst fracture and treatment guidance for clinical practice.


In this text, hydraulic oil is the research object. Aimed at improving the problems and shortcomings of present hydraulic oil detection and purification. By looking up for relevant information, and used Auto CAD to design working principle and main components. Finally, arguments the feasibility of the hydraulic oil detection and purification system from the aspects of technology, structure, operation and economy. The results show the system realizes the integration of hydraulic oil detection and purification, simplifies the operating steps, saves manpower and materials, and avoids the secondary pollution of hydraulic oil.


The topic of this graduation theses was to describe antioxidants and their biologically activities. In these substances there can be found vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids as are beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein; BHT, BHA and others antioxidants. Antioxidants have a great benefit for human health. These substances are the most frequently determined by the metod HPLC. This metod has a wide range of usage and also affords very good results. Suitable procedures for assessment of optima chromatographic method of antioxidants were developed.


With the recently completed Michigan State Univ. 4{pi} logarithmic detection system, the authors studied the competition between intermediate mass fragment (IMF) and fission fragment (FF) production from highly excited systems produced in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. To discriminate between multifragmentation and fusion-fission they studied two systems, Ar+Th and Ar+Sc, from 15 to 115 MeV/nucleon. Results will be discussed.


Stable colloidal aqueous dispersions (sols) of cerium (IV) oxide of uniform size distribution were obtained by forced hydrolysis of cerium (IV) ions in the presence of diluted sulfuric or nitric acids. Synthesis of ceria sols was carried out using two commercially available precursors: Ce(SO4)2 · 4H2O salt and 0.25 mol/L Ce(NO3)4 aqueous solution. The precursors were dissolved in different concentrations of diluted sulfuric or nitric acid. After aging for various periods of time (2–24 h), the sols were cooled at room temperature. Sulfate and nitrate ions were removed from the sols particles by ultrafiltration. Characterization of the synthesized ceria sols has been made by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, and DSC-TGA thermal analysis, as well as IR spectroscopy. Particle sizes, measured using a Zetasizer Nano equipped with a MPT-2 Autotitrator, range from 20 to 600 nm.


Experimental results on EAS muon and electron size fluctuations obtained in the Tien Shan experiment are reanalysed using a more realistic model of nucleus-nucleus collision and taking into account the influence of the zenith angle distribution on the width of fluctuations and the difference in the shape of muon lateral distributions in EAS initiated by different primary nuclei. The corrected primary mass composition in the 'knee region' is likely to be heavier than at lower energies.


The structure of the 1,2,4,7-anti-tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl cation (1) was redetermined by X-ray crystal structure analysis of its Sb2F11 salt at 110 K (P21/c, R1 = 5.76%). The most important structural features of 1 are: C(1)C(2) = 1.409(9), C(1)C(6) = 1.710(8), and C(2)…C(6) = 2.113(9) A and C(2)C(1)C(6) = 84.7(4)°. These results agree with those obtained earlier by other methods for the rapidly equilibrating, partially s-delocalized 1,2-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl cation (2). The detailed experimental procedure for the preparation of crystalline 1 · Sb2F11 and the crystal selection and mounting are described.


Objective This study reports weighted cross-sectional prevalence of never use of tobacco, and longitudinal past 12-month (P12M), past 30-day (P30D) and frequent P30D any tobacco or specific tobacco product initiation across three 1-year waves. Longitudinal three-wave pathways are examined to outline pathways of exclusive and polytobacco initiation, as well as pathways of new initiators of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) or cigarettes. Design Data were drawn from the first three waves (2013–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of US youth and adults. Respondents with data at all three waves (youth, N = 11 046; young adults, N = 6478; adults 25+, N = 17 188) were included in longitudinal analyses. Results Across the three age groups, weighted cross-sectional analyses revealed never any tobacco use decreased each year from 2013 to 2016, reflecting overall increases in tobacco initiation in the population during this time. Compared with cigarettes, cigars, hookah and smokeless tobacco, ENDS had the highest proportion of P12M initiation from Wave 1 to Wave 3 (W3) for each age group. Among youth Wave 2 P30D initiators of exclusive ENDS or cigarettes, the most common W3 outcome was not using any tobacco (ENDS: 59.0% (95% CI 48.4 to 68.8); cigarettes: 40.3% (95% CI 28.7 to 53.1)). Conclusions Initiation rates of ENDS among youth and young adults have increased the number of ever tobacco users in the US prevention strategies across the spectrum of tobacco products which can address youth initiation of tobacco products.


In this work we employed electron irradiation technique to prepare copper telluride nanostructures with various dimensions by irradiating electrodeposited thin films. The irradiation dose could be used to control the diameter of the electrodeposited copper telluride nanostructures within the range of nanometer scale. This study reports the effect of irradiation of 2 MeV electron beam on the structural, surface morphological, and optical properties of copper telluride thin films. The band gap energy decreases from 2.82 to 2.53 eV with increase in crystal size from 9 to 45 nm with an increase in the dose from 10 to 30 kGy. X-ray diffraction studies show that crystal size decreases from 9 to 6 nm with a dose of 50 kGy. The fluence of the electron beam was 2 × 1013 electrons/cm2. The crystal size was found to decrease upon electron beam irradiation and the materials exhibit poor crystallization.


OBJECTIVE
The imaging features of intrapericardial paragangliomas (pheochromocytomas) are described.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective study of the imaging features of all intrapericardial paragangliomas seen at our institution over the last 13 years.

RESULTS
In this study, intrapericardial paragangliomas were typically located adjacent to or involved the left atrium. The diameter of the tumors ranged from 3 to 8 cm. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy revealed 11 of 12 tumors (sensitivity = 92%). After MIBG scintigraphic location, dynamic contrast-enhanced CT revealed all 12 tumors.

CONCLUSION
Intrapericardial paragangliomas are rare tumors, typically located adjacent to or involving the left atrium. For initial detection, regional location of these extraadrenal tumors, and detection of distant metastases, MIBG scintigraphy is recommended. Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT or MR imaging can then provide detailed anatomic delineation before surgical resection.


The ORF1 Gene of porcine torque teno virus genogroup 2 was amplified by PCR method from the piglets sera genome association with post-weaning multisystem wasting syndrome from Fujian,the target product was cloned and sequenced.The results demonstrated that the porcine torque teno virus genogroup 2 ORF1 gene was 1875 bp in length,coding an open reading frame(ORF) with 624 amino acids.The nucleotide sequence and the amino acid sequence deduced from the gene were analyzed by the bioinformatics software.Compared with the porcine TTV2 ORF1 genes download from GenBank,the sequenced gene shared the highest homogeneity with FJ/China/2010/TTV2/2(GenBank accession number JF937656) strain at 98.8%,but shared lower homogeneity with SC strain(GenBank accession number HQ204188) strain only at 83.5%.According to the results of the phylogenetic relationship,the porcine torque teno virus had three subbranches,the Fujian isolates had two different branches,which means that there had more than two TTV2 sub-genogroups in Fujian,China.


A mobile robotic helping hand can help paralyzed and handicapped people to live a normal life than what they are often subjected to. The goal of this research is to design a robotic helping hand that can help paralyzed patients who cannot move lower part of the body. It is a Multi-DOF (Multiple Degrees of Freedom) robotic hand mounted on a robotic cart where both are controlled wirelessly by hand gestures. The activity and outfit of robotic hand look like a human hand. The Bluetooth transmitter circuits are mounted on a pair of hand gloves. The left glove is used for the cart and the right one is for the robotic arm. The sensors (gyroscopes, flex sensors and potentiometers) sense the patient's hand, wrist, palm and finger movement. The transmitter circuit sends the collected data wirelessly to the receiver circuits mounted on the robotic cart and hand. The robotic arm copies the patient's movement and gestures in real time. The designed system can be used to grab and move things and also for cooking and babysitting. This device can make the lives of paralyzed and handicapped people more comfortable and independent. It is a novel integrated solution that offers many different functionalities in a low-cost implementation.


The present study evaluated the communicative deficits in the linguistic performance of two Arabic speaking schizophrenics having a first episode of disorganized schizophrenia. Two facets of the conversational performance of each patient prior to and following antipsychotic medication treatment were considered and compared to normals' performance of these two measures. These were the dynamic development of the interviews and selected cohesive devices. A description of the patients' aberrant conversational behavior and deficits in terms of systemic grammar is offered for profiling schizophrenics' discourse and measuring the effects of stimulant treatment. The neuroleptic clozapine led to both positive and negative changes in the socially appropriate use of language in the schizophrenics' conversations.


The Digital Rights Management/Digital Copyright Millennium Act are a set of laws that help protect digital and electronic works. This LibGuide discusses the positive and negative effects of these laws.


In the past decade there has been a rapid expansion in the number of drugs available to treat Diabetes. Different classes of antidiabetic drugs are available with each having different pharmacological mechanism of action. This review presents the commercially available drugs for management of diabetes. Role of various antidiabetic drugs and their side effects are discussed.


Th e text covers modes of representation, experiences of sociability and intergenerational eroticism concerning the aging process of male homosexuals. Th e material summarizes the description and analytical constructions in two raids involving ethnographic classifi cations, fantasies, erotic and playful interactions between younger men and older: karaoke meetings held in a sauna in the city center of Fortaleza and intergenerational interactions in chats in a well-known internet portal. Th rough these research settings we are faced with "coroas", "uncles", "mature", "50ties", seeking and being sought, mainly by "boys", "lekes" and "fi les". Th ese incursions proved rich ethnographic approach to codes of masculinity, erotic fantasies involving assessments of body, sexual-aff ective skills and negotiation of age, gender, class, social status and race/color used by the subjects. Th e notion of "erotic protagonism" is used here to refer to the power of agency of the subjects investigated aiming to confront the stigma of homosexuality and aging.


Probiotics are living micro-organisms added to food,which beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance.Probiotics have been extensively studied for their health promoting effects,especially in promoting the microbe-balance in gastrointestinal tract.However,oral cavity as the beginning of the digestive system contacts probiotics first,Thus in the past few years probiotics have also been investigated in the oral microbes perspective,which is the topic of the present review.In the paper we discussed the potential of probiotics in oral cavity colonization,the influence of probiotics on oral microbial community and the mechanisms of probiotics effect towards oral bacteria.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of bacterial inoculants on fermentation rate and quality of corn silage. There are five lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from corn silage; Lactobacillus buchneri, L. hilgardii, L. kefiri, L. oris and L. rhamnosus which were applied at ~10 7-10 8 cfu/g of fresh corn forage. The inoculated chopped corn forage was stored in approximately 12 kg-capacity polyester containers for 14, 21 and 28 days. The temperature, pH, nutrient composition and aerobic stability was determined. Inoculation LAB improved the fermentation characteristics, increased nutrient digestibility and improved aerobic stability of corn silages. The bacterial inoculants did not significantly (P>0.05) decreased pH values of the corn silages. Addition of bacterial inoculants to corn silages increased its crude protein content significantly (P<0.05) with time. However, adding bacterial inoculants also significantly (P<0.05) decreased the neutral detergent fiber content with time. After 21 days, the process of fermentation appeared to be complete for all treatments. Among the five lactic acid bacteria used, L. buchneri was identified as the best inoculants for ensiling of corn forage.


With the appearance of new Internet services like Voice over IP and IP television, malwares are in the way to update and extend their targets. In this paper, we discuss the emergence of a new generation of malwares attacking VoIP infrastructures and services. Such malwares constitute a real threat to the currently deployed VoIP architectures without strong security measures in place. We present one implemented environment that can be used to evaluate such attacks. Our "VoIP bots" support a wide set of attacks ranging from SPIT to DDoS and are tested against several VoIP platforms.


Embedding Flash animation into Powerpoint can enrich the content of the courseware and improve the teaching effect.But in PowerPoint it does not provide direct insertion methods and Flash animation playback control technologies,based on this,it proposes three methods to insert Flash animation;and discusses the use ActiveX controls and the Office VBA to achieve animation playback controls.


Hydraulic couplers are mainly used to regulate the velocity of constant velocity motors.They have found wide applications and can save energy effectively.The study of their application properties and particular principles and the mastery of their model selection can make hydraulic couplers get best technical and economic match in their applications.


Introduction: This study aimed to determine the awareness of complementary and alternative medicine practices and the frequency of treatment usage among patients admitted to an orthopedic outpatient clinic. Method: Patients who presented to the orthopedics outpatient clinic of the University Hospital between November 15 and December 30, 2022, were invited to participate in this study. A questionnaire containing 16 questions about eight different traditional and complementary approaches, designed to determine patients' knowledge of and attitudes toward each of these practices, was administered by the responsible physician through face-to-face interviews. The questionnaires were administered to 637 volunteers. The results were recorded, and statistical analysis was applied. Results: The volunteers were % 54.7 male and 45.3.2% female participants. The mean age of the participants was 41.52 ± 16,349. It was determined that gender (p=0.3) and education level (p=0.207) did not affect awareness of traditional treatment. However, it was determined that the settlement area affected the awareness of traditional treatment (p< 0.05). It has been revealed that the age group with the highest awareness is young adults between 20-30. Conclusions: The popularity of traditional treatment methods and applications is increasing daily. Despite this, it was observed that awareness was low among patients who applied to the orthopedics outpatient clinic. There is a need to train professional health service providers so that the public can access such treatment approaches and increase social awareness.


Background. Poor prognosis of Stage IV breast cancer patients have at best a 10% 3‐year survival rate with conventional chemotherapy. Dose‐intensive chemotherapy improved survival rates for some of these patients.


The existence of water as a crop growth requirement is a prerequisite in tropical drylands. In addition, water balance, as an important part of climate change, is needed to be accessed under certain conditions. This study aimed to observe water availability and analyze water balance at drylands for farming planning purposes. The results of this study were then required to determine planting patterns and farming planning in the tropics, in which information related to hydrology is still lack. The Thornthwaite-Mather method approach was used in this study to analyze water balance in areas observed and. Because of its simplicity, this method can also be applied to areas with limited data. The water balance analysis that provides the information on water availability can be used as basic consideration for farming planning, especially at drylands in which water availability is a critical factor for farming activities. In tropical drylands, the cropping pattern of food crops – secondary crops – fallow – horticulture crops can be proposed within farming planning. Maize as a food crop can be planted for the early planting period in January, in which it can be harvested at the age of 80 days around March. In the following month, secondary crops such as soybeans can be planted and harvested at 135 days. Fallow periods during August and September, the lands cannot be optimally used because of water deficit. Entering the beginning of October, the land can be cultivated and prepared for the next crop, eggplant, as horticultural crops, harvested at 135 days in early February.


This symposium will focus specifically at the upsurge and impact of regulatory oversight of business particularly in the area of anti-discrimination and the recognition of diversity in the workplace. In this symposium, we shall discuss how laws prohibiting discrimination – in particular discrimination based on disability - have been applied by the courts and how they have impacted business practices in the U.S. We will specifically examine how amendments to the Americans with Disabilities Act will affect the rights of employees as well as internal interventions to accommodate workers with a disability. Additionally, we explore the nature of social guidance related to disability accommodation requests. Protecting Employee Rights and Insuring Diversity in a Free Market Economy Presenter: Alix Valenti; U. of Houston, Clear Lake Presenter: Lisa A. Burke; U. of Tennessee, Chattanooga Presenter: Teri Elkins; U. of Houston Presenter: John Friedl; U. of Tennessee, Chattanooga Presenter: Monique Okumakpeyi; U. of ...


Recent investigations of secondary emission from quantum well excitons following ultrafast resonant excitation have demonstrated an intricate interplay of coherent Rayleigh scattering and incoherent luminescence1,2,3,4. We have very recently demonstrated5 that it is possible to isolate and time resolve the coherent field associated with the Rayleigh component using ultrafast spectral interferometry6 or Tadpole7, thus, obtaining substantial and new information of the nature of resonant secondary emission.


Boudreault and Hakim comment on Primeau's sculptures which reveal the internal structures and hidden meanings embedded in everyday objects. The artist considers his "slices of objects" as a metaphor for the inner self. Biographical notes.


The exact cause of hypertrichosis is unknown. Although it is generally considered to be due to some endocrine disturbance, the nature of this upset and the question whether the origin is monoglandular or polyglandular is in much dispute. Many endocrine syndromes are accompanied by abnormalities of growth of hair. In some, hypertrichosis of the face, trunk and limbs is accompanied by loss of hair or complete alopecia of the scalp. These disturbances may occur in patients with tumor or hyperfunction or hypofunction of the thyroid, pituitary, sex or adrenal glands. The fact that hypertrichosis so frequently appears first at puberty and at the menopause and during or following pregnancy indicates a relationship to the endocrine glands, especially the ovaries. On the other hand, many patients with pronounced generalized hypertrichosis show no detectable evidence of any endocrine disturbance, and many patients with various endocrine disorders have hair


Abstract : A method is given for determining the system state using noise-corrupted observations of a non-linear dynamic invector process, with a numerical application to radar observation of a reentry body. The study examined the feasibility of numerically solving the vector-differential equations satisfied by the maximum-likelihood estimator. The maximum-likelihood estimate is that initial condition which minimizes a certain functional on itself, on the observation, and on the a priori statistics.


This article argues that the role of senior bureaucrats in both developing and developed political systems is multifunctional, and that changes in the personnel, structures, and goals of a political system affect the multifunctional content of the senior bureaucrats' role. Merton's concept of role set is utilized to demonstrate how political changes in Ghana and Nigeria have affected the role of the senior bureaucrats in these two systems. From these two examples a set of tentative propositions are advanced on this subject, and an effort is made to relate these to Homans' theory of elementary social behavior. Richard L. Harris is assistant professor in the department of political science, University of California at Santa Barbara.


A 3-level NAND flash memory having an excellent codperformance ratio for a lowcost mass-storage system is proposed. A compact intelligent 3-level column latch combined with 0.W-step-up program pules allows a 3.4-Mbytelsec programming while reducing a die size per bit to 61%. A 3-level NAND flash system with an efficient ECC engine is alm proposed. The ECC engine using a 9-bit symbol architecture is capable of correcting two 9-bit symbol errors of 528byte data including 36-bitparity-check bits. Intmauction A 64Mbit NAND &ish memory [1] for mass-storage systems has been designed m as to achieve a mall he size and a hgh speed programming of 5Mbyte/m. To further reduce the &e size, a 4-level 128Mbit NAND flash memory [2] has been developed. The die size per bit is reduced to about Wh, but it takes 9oousec to program 512-byte data, that is, 0.57Mbyte/m programming hughput. The e-mely slow programming makes test costs of both the memory chip and the memory system to go up. Tlus paper demibes a 3-level NAND flash memory having an excellent co~rformance ratio.


Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anti-phenolic glycolipid-1 (anti-PGL-1) seropositivity and the presence of other risk factors and signs suggestive of leprosy in household contacts (HCC) of leprosy cases. Objective Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease. Its prevalence has declined after the introduction of multidrug therapy; however, efforts are needed for early case identification. Relation of anti-PGL-1 antibody (Ab) levels in HCC and other risk factors is a point of concern. Patients and methods In this cross-sectional study, we studied serum anti-PGL-1 Ab levels among 90 HCC of leprosy cases that were reported during the period from January 2010 to May 2016 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The mean serum level of anti-PGL-1 Ab was significantly higher in the children category with a mean of 71.98 ± 67.88 pg/ml and in those with positive signs suggestive of leprosy with a mean of 148.91 ± 62.01 pg/ml. The mean was significantly higher when the number of residents per bedroom was more than two with a mean of 80.78 ± 72.49 pg/ml, when the number of damaged nerves was two in the leprosy cases with a mean anti-PGL-1 Ab level of 117.22 ± 79.01 pg/ml, and when the cases were of grade 2 disability at the time of diagnosis with a mean of 104.53 ± 78.11 pg/ml. Conclusion High levels of anti-PGL-1 Ab may be considered as a risk factor for leprosy. Measurement and follow-up examination of its levels may contribute to early diagnosis of leprosy in parallel with clinical assessment.


Tips and advice about managing bills, benefits, spotting scams and generally being more financially aware will be handed out for free in Brechin this month.


A non-volatile memory device and a fabricating method thereof are provided to reduce an area occupied by a recess channel region by forming a gate insulation film of a uniform thickness on the recess channel region. A memory cell is located in a first conductive region and has a memory transistor(T1) and a selection transistor(T2). A high-voltage switching device(T3) is located in a second conductive region adjacent to the first conductive region to control the memory cell. At least one of the high voltage switching device, the memory transistor, and the selection transistor has a recessed channel region(15). Each of the high-voltage switching device, the memory transistor, and the selection transistor has a source/drain region(P+), and the recessed channel region is recessed deeper than a junction depth of the source/drain region. The memory transistor has a gate insulation film(11), a float gate(21), an inter-gate insulation film(22) and a control gate(23).


Viewing a seizure as a behavioral chain consisting of a p r ecursor a ura phase a nd a climactic phase h a s moved r esearchers to introduce behavioral techniques either singularly or in combination at aura to circumvent seizures. Many of the aura interruption techniques have been shown to be effective in reducing seizure rate, but a systematic examination and application of the technqiues and the additive effects of. combinations have not been explored . The present study examines by way of an A-B-A-B-BC-B-BC single subject design the singular and additive effects of three aura interruption techniques (i.e., startle, shake, and differential reinforcement of other behaviors). The study involved four developmentally disabled adults for which an aura was discerned by way of a self-report measure, and an observable behavior scale. Clients were randomly assigned to one of six aura interruption combination pairs designed to encompass all permutations of the three aura interruption techniques singularly and in combination. Observers (i.e., parents or care home operators) were trained by way of videotapes and role-playing situations on how to detect and record seizure occurrences as well as when and how to introduce the aura interruption technique(s). Results indicate that aura interruption techniques alone are effective in reducing seizure rates below baseline levels and that techniques in combination with others do not produce further reductions in seizure rates. Epilepsy is an extremely prevalent disease affecting two million people or about 1% of the population (Barrow & Fabing, 1966). Roughly, one in every 200 peopl e have recurrent seizures (Goldensohn, 1965). Epstein, Katz, and Zlutnick (1977) estimate that if each epileptic is a member of a family of four then over eight million people experience immediate effects of epilepsy. Therefore, epilepsy either directly or indirectly comes in contact with a large number of the population, and any technique which could aid in controlling the disease would be an important development. As of the late 1960's the term "seizure" has become more prevalent in the literature and is used within the confines of this paper as being synonymous to convulsion and hence epilepsy. A seizure can be said to consist of two portions, the aura or a warning phase and the actual seizure itself. According to The Encyclopedia of Psychology an aura is a direct premonition of the convulsive attack occurring in approximately half of all epileptics. It is variously constituted, and can be emotional (e.g., anxiety, happiness); proportional (e.g., altered color sense, illusions of sense); occur in thinking (e.g., rapidity, retardation, compulsive thinking, confusion); or appears in the form of sweating, chills, warmth, flushing, and so on. The aura phase is seldom experienced without the subsequent seizure phase, which


Abstract In this article, we use Lyapunov's second (or direct) method, by building an appropriate Lyapunov functional. Sufficient conditions which warrant the continuability and boundedness of all solutions to a kind of nonlinear vector differential equations of third order with constant retarded argument are established. Also, we give an example to describe the theoretical analysis in this study and to check the impressiveness of the method employed.


This chapter presents the ancient amphora from a small island on behalf of the Government and people of Cyprus to share space in this modern edifice of the great country. Amphoras of this type were extensively used in the ancient world of the Eastern Mediterranean. Throughout these eight thousand years, many civilizations and cultures have had their influence on Cyprus. The strategic location of Cyprus and its beauty and prosperity left it exposed to settlers and invaders from the three continents at the crossroads of which it lies Europe, Asia, and Africa. But Cyprus, having become part of the Greek world of antiquity through emigration by the Mycenaeans in the 14th Century B.C., to be followed by new waves of colonizers from Greece after the Trojan War, retained its basic character, language and traditions ever since. Keywords:Amphora; Cyprus Government; Eastern Mediterranean; Greek; Kennedy Center; Mycenaeans; Trojan War


The quite usual and often assumption in the theory of optimal control is the fixed or given initial state. Such assumption enables, at least on the primary stages, to simplify certain results. Anyhow, there exists a number of problems for which this assumption is not met. Let us mention the class of periodic problems having the direct dependence between initial and final states. Other examples of this type can be found in various areas of mechanical and chemical engineering. So it is quite reasonable to study such class of optimization problems more in detail.


This year's MEMO annual conference was held at Cragun's Resort in Brainerd, MN. The conference brought together 300 media specialists from around the state in a beautiful setting to enjoy the fall colors in peak performance. This year's theme focused on new ways for engaging students in literacy and how to spark the attention of the entire group with group writing activities. Friday evening's Award Dinner was highlighted with a Lifetime Contribution to the Profession awarded to Tom Shaughnessy. A complete listing of all award recipients will be posted to the MEMO website, http://www.memoweb.org/. MINITEX staff was well represented at the conference with a booth in the vendor exhibits as well as presentations by Kristen Mastel, Jennifer Hootman, Carla Steinberg Pfahl, and Mark Wilhelmi. NetLibrary for Kids, presented by Carla Steinberg Pfahl, was well attended and media specialists had many questions about NetLibrary, access, and content that made for a very active session. People went away from the session with a better understanding of how best to access the MINITEX collections, search for content, and save information in a personal account for quick access and help with forming bibliographies and research strategies.


This paper describes the software tools, testing activities, and testing methods that were used to port the DPPX/SP operating system from its original implementation on the IBM 8100 Information System to its new implementation on the IBM ES/9370 Information System.


ABSTRACT The efficacy of oral amphotericin B (ApB) was studied in 125 cases of refractory atopic dermatitis (AD). Indications for ApB therapy were positive CAP-RAST (Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. Ltd)-class to Candida albicans and several food allergens and a high intake of sweets or alcoholic beverages together with recalcitrant symptoms of AD, such as facial erythema and eruptions refractory to topical steroids. Good or excellent results were obtained in 56.8% of 125 cases. Assessment of improvement in the 125 subjects was statistically compared with that in 55 controls who were not treated with ApB. There were no significant differences in the background between the two study groups. Cases treated with oral ApB showed significantly greater improvement ( P C . albicans and several food allergens. Good results were associated with restricting the intake of food allergens. A poor response was recognized in patients with a significantly high titer of CAP-RAST levels to Dermatophagoides farinae . Controlling environmental allergens and limiting exposure to food allergens was necessary to achieve success with ApB treatment.


1—Its need for the construction of Advanced Process Control (APC) system as part of the automated process control system this article considers the task of modeling and adapting the dynamic characteristics of the complex control objects elements represented by cognitive maps. The models in the form of second-order difference equations are taken as the basic structure of cognitive map relations models. Models of this type allow you to simulate the dynamics of objects in controllers in real time and solve the problem of functional diagnostics of measuring instruments, data verification in the process control system. This type of model allows you to simply adapt the parameters of the difference equation to varying characteristics of the technological object and, thus, display the non-linearity, non-stationary and multi-dimensionality of the control object. It is shown that for many refining processes, the adjustment of models in the form of second-order difference equations can be carried out by periodically changing one coefficient without significant loss of accuracy. The criterion for the start of the adaptation procedure is the appearance of a stable difference between the dynamic characteristics of the object and the model. The adaptation procedure is reduced to recalculating the value of one of the difference equation coefficients based on the value of the simulation error. The proposed description of the dynamic characteristics of the technological object in the form of difference equations and the procedure of adapting the model to the changing characteristics of the object allow their algorithmic implementation within the framework of the typing controllers resources, which reduces the cost and simplifies the development of APC systems. Keywords—advanced control, modeling, situational modeling, dynamic characteristics, adaptation, difference equation, real time.


Determining a plurality of exercise motion tracking position of the animal surface based on the movement operation for quantifying (the first step). To the plurality of motion motion tracking position, applying a coating material containing a dye or fluorescent material (second step). Under light irradiation (particularly in nocturnal organisms ultraviolet irradiation under) imaging the organisms (third step). In the captured image, and discriminating the plurality of marked part, it determines the representative point position of the marking portion (fourth step). It said plurality of based on the representative point position data, and a fifth step of outputting the determined specific exercise routine. Configured the computer system to run them steps.


Background Biological therapy is a cornerstone of managing moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). New biologics have been evolving over the past 20 years and selection of an agent remains challenging. Drug persistence measures the duration of time from initiation to discontinuation of a therapy, which can be a surrogate marker of drug tolerance and efficacy. Objectives The study aimed to compare drug persistence of new generation biologics for the treatment of UC and CD (vedolizumab, ustekinumab, certolizumab, tofacitinib, natalizumab and golimumab) with conventional anti-tumor necroisis factor alphas (anti-TNF alphas) (adalimumab and infliximab) in adult patients with IBD. Results of the study may provide guidance on the preferred first and subsequent lines of biological treatments in patients with IBD. Methods and analysis Search via electronic databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and clinical trial databases will be conducted on 10 March 2023 with eligible studies included from inception of 2017 to 2023. The primary outcomes are 1-year persistence of individual biologics with comparison of new biologics versus conventional anti-TNF alphas. A meta-analysis will be conducted using Review Manager V.5 and outcome will be presented as relative risk. Heterogeneity will be assessed with forest plot, χ2 and I2, followed with sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. Finally, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system will be used to assess the quality of evidence. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required as no private information of participants will be used. Results of the present study will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or conference presentation. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023392236.


ABSTRACT In the field of business and human rights, it is recognised that some of the worst human rights violations related to business actors occur in conflict-affected countries. Yet, little research adresses the potential of domestic transitional justice instruments to provide victims with access to remedy. This article seeks to better understand the functioning of such instruments by presenting a case study of the land restitution mechanism in Colombia. This mechanism constitutes a far-reaching remedy framework for cases of land dispossession, in which business actors appropriated the land of forcibly displaced persons, including extensive legal assistance measures, shifts and reductions in the burden of proof and a binding due diligence obligation for investors. However, its implementation has been rather weak. Drawing on qualitative interviews with experts involved in land restitution proceedings against business actors, the article identifies the main obstacles to these proceedings and develops recommendations on how to improve transitional justice instruments so as to redress victims of business-related human rights violations in post-conflict settings.


DOI 10.1215/01642472-3607564 © 2016 Duke University Press Many of the black carpenters were freemen. Things seemed to be going on very well. All at once, the white carpenters knocked off, and said they would not work with free colored workmen. Their reason for this, as alleged, was, that if free colored carpenters were encouraged, they would soon take the trade into their own hands, and poor white men would be thrown out of employment. . . . My fellow apprentices very soon began to feel it degrading to them to work with me. They began to put on airs, and talk about the "niggers taking the country," saying we all ought to be killed. —Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life (1845)


Technological innovation is the soul of the enterprise development and the effective means to improving competitive ability of enterprise.The current status in technological innovation of fertilizer enterprise in China is analyzed with technological innovation theory.Some suggestions of technological innovation model for the competitive ability improvement of fertilizer enterprise in China are put forward in hopes of providing a reference for the related enterprises.


Introduction: A Kick-Starter Finding a Unique Business Concept Finding an Attractive Market Marketing and Communications Development Fulfilling the Promise Technical Models The Rise of Mobile eCommerce, and Especially WAP Legal Aspects of Setting up an Internet Business Valuations and Building the Financial Model Fundraising for Internet Ventures Leadership Capital Solutions for e-Space Sample Business Plan


From the perspective of industry development,the under-age tendency of domestic comic and animation has obviously restrained the industry chain and future development.Only by changing this tendency and seeking a new breakthrough can comic and animation industry be better developed in the future


The rhythm of melatonin secretion and its blood level changes in cirrhotic patients, but the causes of these alterations have not been sufficiently appreciated.


A source of single photons and quantum entangled photon pairs is a key element in quantum information networks. Here, we demonstrate the electrically driven generation of quantum entangled pairs using a naturally symmetric GaAs quantum dot grown by droplet epitaxy. Coincidence histograms obtained at a temperature of 10 K reveal the generation of quantum entangled pairs that have a fidelity to the Bell pairs of 0.71 +- 0.015, much beyond the classical limit. The quantum nature of the emitted pairs is conserved at temperatures of up to ~65 K, and is essentially limited by the charge carrier confinement in the present dot system. Our study offers a guideline for the fabrication of quantum entangled pair sources suitable for practical use.


. The α + core structure is investigated in even-even Cr isotopes from the viewpoint of the local potential model. The comparison of Q α /A values for even-even Cr isotopes and even-even A = 46 , 54 , 56 , 58 isobars indicates that 46 Cr and 54 Cr are the most favorable even-even Cr isotopes for the α + core configuration. The ground state bands of the two Cr isotopes are calculated through a local α + core potential containing a nuclear term with (1 + Gaussian) × (W.S. + W.S. 3 ) shape. The calculated spectra give a very good description of most experimental 46 Cr and 54 Cr levels, including the 0 + bandheads. The reduced α -widths, rms intercluster separations and B ( E 2) transition rates are determined for the ground state bands. The calculations reproduce the order of magnitude of the available experimental B ( E 2) values without using effective charges, indicate that the low-spin members of the ground state bands present a stronger α -cluster character, and point out that the 46 Cr ground state band has a significant degree of α -clustering in comparison with 44 Ti. The volume integral per nucleon pair and rms radius obtained for the α + 50 Ti potential are consistent with those reported previously in the analysis of α elastic scattering on 50 Ti.


To gain insight into riser motions and associated fatigue damage due to vortex-induced vibration (VIV), data loggers such as strain sensors and/or accelerometers are sometimes deployed on risers to monitor their motion in different current velocity conditions. Accurate reconstruction of the riser response and empirical estimation of fatigue damage rates over the entire riser length using measurements from a limited number of sensors can help in efficient utilization of the costly measurements recorded. Several different empirical procedures are described here for analysis of the VIV response of a long flexible cylinder subjected to uniform and sheared current profiles. The methods include weighted waveform analysis (WWA), proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), modal phase reconstruction (MPR), a modified WWA procedure, and a hybrid method which combines MPR and the modified WWA method. Fatigue damage rates estimated using these different empirical methods are compared and cross-validated against measurements. Detailed formulations for each method are presented and discussed with examples. Results suggest that all the empirical methods, despite different underlying assumptions in each of them, can be employed to estimate fatigue damage rates quite well from limited strain measurements.


Device-to-device (D2D) communications in cellular networks enable direct transmissions between user equipments (UEs). If the source UE (SUE) and the destination UE (DUE) are far away from each other or the channel between them is too weak for direct transmission, then multi-hop D2D communications, where relay UEs (RUEs) forward the SUE's data packets to the DUE, can be used. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient optimal adaptive forwarding strategy (OAFS) for multi-hop D2D communications. OAFS adaptively chooses between the best relay forwarding (BRF) mode and the cooperative relay beamforming (CRB) mode with the optimal number of RUEs, depending on which of them provides the higher energy efficiency (EE). To reduce the computational complexity for selecting the optimal RUEs for CRB mode, we propose a low-complexity sub-optimal adaptive forwarding strategy (SAFS) that selects between the BRF and the CRB with two RUEs by comparing their EE. Furthermore, a distributed forwarding mode selection approach is proposed to reduce the overhead for forwarding mode selection. The analytical and simulation results show that OAFS and SAFS exhibit significantly higher EE and spectral efficiency than BRF, CRB, direct D2D communications, and conventional cellular communications. SAFS is almost as energy- and spectral-efficient as OAFS.


What are the foundations of student satisfaction or dissatisfaction with online courses? Why do online learners succeed and others fail or drop out? What kind of instructional designs, pedagogical practices, and administrative standards contribute to the development of effective online courses with high retention rates and positive student learning outcomes? Plenty of valid, well-researched information and literature reviews, along with abundant data accumulated through student/faculty surveys and online learning course evaluations, are outlined and summarized inside numerous academic papers that attempt to answer such questions. This report is based on the author's search and analysis of numerous scholarly academic papers that addressed such questions and were published between 2004 and 2007.


The experimental investigation of the air atomization injector characteristics for the gas turbine was conducted.The injector fuel supplying characteristics,the change features of spray cone angle,droplet size and its distributions law were obtained.The flame tube of the injector in the intermediate operation condition was numerically simulated.The track of the oil droplet in the flame tube and the nose airflow fields and the density fields were calculated.


This paper presents an empirical assessment of a multilateral bargaining model in a multi-dimensional policy space with the help of data dealing with the IGC negotiations after the successful conclusion of the Convent. The main empirical focus is on how the negotiation process (who initiates the negotiations at the IGC) interacts with the preference configuration of the negotiators and the preferences of the relevant actors who have to ratify the proposed treaty domestically. The results suggest that domestic ratification constraints played a considerable role in the success of particular negotiators at the IGC to realize negotiation gains. ∗ This paper emanates from the DOSEI (Domestic Structures and European Integration) project funded by the European Union in its Fifth Framework program and directed by Thomas König (Universität Speyer). Earlier versions were presented at the EUSA Tenth Biennial International Conference (Montreal, Canada, May 17-19) 2007) the ECPR General Conference (Pisa, September 6-8, 2007), and the "Direct democracy in and around Europe: Integration, Innovation, Illusion and Ideology" (Centre for Research on Direct Democracy, Zentrum für Demokratie Aarau, University of Zürich, 2-4 October 2008), while parts of it were presented at Stanford University. I gratefully acknowledge the very useful comments by Stefanie Walter and other participants at these events and the financial support of the Swiss Bundesamt für Bildung und Wissenschaft (Grant number BBW Nr 02.0313) and the Grundlagenforschungsfonds of the University of St. Gallen (Grant number G12161103). The paper has also benefitted from the greatly appreciated research assistance by Tobias Schulz. † Département de science politique, Faculté des sciences économiques et sociales; Université de Genève; 40 Bd du Pont d'Arve; 1211 Genève 4; Switzerland; phone ++41 22 379 83 78; email: email@example.com


New information is given which confirms the hypothesis expressed previously concerning the oxidative-hydrolytic decomposition of hard coals in the organism and the pathological action of the soluble decomposition products. 6 refs.


Magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) has been employed in many applications, including wireless charging of portable electronic devices, electric vehicles and powering of implanted biomedical devices. However, transmission efficiency decreases sharply due to divergence of magnetic field, especially in under coupled region. Electromagnetic (EM) metamaterial (MM) can manipulate the direction of EM fields due to its abnormal effective permittivity or permeability. In this paper, an ultra-thin and extremely sub-wavelength magnetic MM is designed for a 13.56 MHz WPT system to enhance magnetic field and its power transfer efficiency (PTE). The WPT systems are investigated theoretically, experimentally and by simulation. A relatively high maximum efficiency improvement of 41.7% is obtained, and the range of efficient power transfer can be greatly extended. The proposed MM structure is very compact and ultra-thin in size compared with early publications for some miniaturized applications. In addition, large area, homogeneous magnetic field is obtained and discussed using the proposed MM. Finally, the proposed MM is applied in a more practical WPT system (with a low power light bulb load) to reveal its effects. The bulb brightness intuitively verifies the efficiency improvement in the WPT system with the MM.


Introduction 1 From A.G. Tumanski's Correspondence with V.R. Rosen 2 Report by the Russian Charge d'Affaire in Tehran Mr. Zinovyev to Duke Gorchakov 3 Babis in Adrianople: Reportof Chief of the Consulate Staff in Adrianople 4 Information about the Babis Presented by Persians living in Adrianople 5 Information about the Babis by Yunus Mehdi Effendi, the Qadi in Adrianople 6 Report of the Russian Consul General in Adharbayjan Bezobrazov 7 Anonymous Diplomatic Dispatch Concerning an Episode in Isfahan 8 From G. Batyunshkov's Correspondence with V.R. Rosen 9 From V.I. Ignatyev's Correspondence with V.R. Rosen 10 Sebastian Voirot's Correspondence with V.R. Rosen 11 Some Separate Transcripts in V.R. Rosen's Archive 12 From E.G. Browne's Correspondence with Rosen 13 I. Khayru'llah's letter to V.R. Rosen 14 Abu'l-Fazl Gulpaygani's Transcript


The paper comments on the so-called "Free Personal Care (FPC)" policy established in Scotland in 2002. FPC is the legal entitlement of people aged 65 and older, who have been assessed by the council as having personal care needs, to receive services that will assist them in their day-to-day activities. One view is that FPC may not be affordable in its current form because population ageing will increase dramatically the numbers eligible for assistance in the future. This paper discusses ways in which FPC may actually lower the total per-person cost of accommodating Scotland's ageing population.


Estimating streamflow is important in determining the water resource availability and assessing the flood, drought management and mitigation studies. Continuous investigation of streamflow history and monitoring of streamflow data is an effective way to establish a reliable forecast. These forecasting requires long length of data to analysis. The analysis can be done based on traditional methods. These methods require, more number of data, time consuming and tedious process. Therefore, these forecasts can hamper the development and management of water managers or authorities to effective utilization of water resources in a suitable manner. Therefore, there is a need of the hour to search alternative methods for the reliable forecasts. Data driven models such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have proven to be an efficient alternative to traditional methods for assessing and modeling quantitative and qualitative in the domain of water resources engineering and management. Therefore, in the present paper an attempt have been made to investigate to study the applications of ANN in streamflow forecasting. Selected ANNs applications are only reviewed in the current paper. Soft computing tools are becoming popular in solving hydrological problems. Among the various soft computing methods ANN tools have immense strength to deal with such complex problems and becoming promising tools due to their ability in modelling of nonlinear process. This study will be helpful to enhance the frontiers for new research in the domain of hydrology. Further future research need to be explored towards the extraction of the knowledge that is contained the connection weights of the selected trained ANN models and also researchers should focus on selection of optimal number of input for the development of ANN models.


This paper presents a 2.4-GHz radio frequency RF and ultra-wide bandwidth UWB hybrid real-time locating system RTLS for industrial enterprise Internet of Things IoT. It employs asymmetric wireless ...


Summary 1. The breakdown rate of ADP (200 µM/ml) by the platelet-poor plasma of the animals studied (human, rabbit, cat, sheep and rat) is consistent within a species and characteristic of that species. 2. The breakdown rate of ADP is related directly to the B. M. R. of that species. 3. The platelet aggregation response to ADP is extremely variable even within a species, and bears little, if any, relationship to ADP breakdown. 4. The breakdown of ADP added to whole blood has been studied both in normal subjects and in patients with myocardial infarctions. The breakdown patterns were found to be identical. 5. The ADP-ase activity of whole blood was localised almost entirely in the white cells.


Evaluating the performance of health staff is crucial in healthcare organizations to improve the efficiency of services. This research highlights the significance of performance evaluation and its role in enhancing service efficiency. Evaluating health staff performance helps identify areas for improvement, optimize resource allocation, enhance service quality, promote accountability, and improve teamwork and collaboration. Various evaluation methods such as performance metrics, feedback mechanisms, self-assessment, peer reviews, and goal-setting processes are utilized. By implementing recommendations based on evaluation findings, healthcare organizations can enhance service efficiency and deliver high-quality care. This research aims to evaluate the performance of health staff and investigate its role in improving the efficiency of services within healthcare organizations. The study seeks to assess the effectiveness and productivity of health staff members and examine how their performance impacts the overall efficiency of service delivery. By analyzing the relationship between staff performance and service efficiency, the research aims to identify areas for improvement and develop strategies to optimize the performance of health staff, ultimately enhancing the efficiency of healthcare services


Grainne Nicholson, MD, FFARCSI In 2008 it was estimated by the International Diabetes Federation that 246 million adults worldwide have diabetes mellitus (DM) and the prevalence is expected to reach 380 million by 2025. However, this projection is likely to be an underestimate. A recent study using a validated diabetes registry in Ontario found a steady increase in prevalence of 6.2% per year over a decade. This increase in DM has been attributed to a rise in new cases of Type 2 diabetes which is a consequence of obesity, lack of exercise, increased migration of susceptible patients, and an aging population. DM is a costly chronic disease and patients develop microand macrovascular complications that often need surgery. Improved glycemic control has been shown to delay the onset of microvascular complications (nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy), whereas the beneficial effects on macrovascular complications are less clear. Increased knowledge of the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes, particularly insulin signaling and insulin resistance, has contributed to the development of novel treatments. In this issue of the journal Chen et al. have highlighted two new groups of drugs: those acting on the incretin pathway, exenatide, and sitagliptin and the synthetic amylin analog, pramlintide. In this article, we briefly review the principal treatments available for Type 2 diabetes to enable the new drugs to be placed in perspective. The primary aim of managing Type 2 diabetes is to delay, or even prevent, the complications of the disease by achieving good glycemic control. In addition to drug therapy, this often involves changes in lifestyle, such as diet and exercise. The main groups of oral drugs available are the sulfonylureas, biguanides, and thiazoldinediones (TZDs), with less common usage of the meglitinides and -glucosidase inhibitors. Insulin is increasingly considered part of a treatment regimen in Type 2 diabetics, particularly the use of long-acting preparations to provide a constant basal insulin release. Sulfonylureas have been used since the 1950s and their efficacy is well established. They have been shown to decrease glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations by 1%–2% and fasting blood glucose concentrations by 3.3–3.9 mmol/L (59–70 mg/dL). Sulfonylureas act primarily by stimulating insulin secretion from the cells of the pancreas. This is achieved by binding to a specific receptor, which closes an ATP-dependent potassium channel resulting in depolarization of the cell membrane, an influx of calcium ions, and the release of preformed insulin granules. All sulfonylureas can cause hypoglycemia, although this is uncommon and usually results from excessive dosage. Other important side effects include an increase in appetite and weight gain so that these drugs may not be the first choice in obese patients. Treatment failure may also occur. Primary failure occurs in 20%–25% of patients started on a sulfonylurea and is shown by an inadequate decrease in fasting blood glucose of 1.1 mmol/L ( 20 mg/dL). In secondary failure, which occurs in 5%–10% patients per year, an initial favorable response of a decrease in fasting blood glucose 1.7 mmol/L ( 30 mg/dL) is not sustained. There has been considerable controversy about the possible enhanced cardiovascular risks to patients taking these drugs. The earlier results of From the Department of Anesthesia, St. George's, University of London, London, UK. Accepted for publication February 25, 2009. Address correspondence and reprint requests to George M. Hall, MBBS, PhD, DSc (Med), FIBiol, FRCA, Department of Anaesthesia, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE. Address e-mail to email@example.com. Copyright © 2009 International Anesthesia Research Society


Having increased the number of our pages for the recep tion of literary and scientific matter, we propose still further to enhance the popularity of the Journal by presenting to each subscriber a beautiful picture which shall be an ornament upon the walls and a pleasant remembrance of us. At the commencement of the new volume, in January, 1870, each subscriber is requested to inform us whieh one of the pic tures is selected from the following list:


Wasting power of tire rolling resistance on dual-roller is key factor to automobile dynamic property testing precision. The model of rolling resistance of tires is established, the relationship between rolling resistance and tire pressure, speed, load, roller′s diameter, the gap of dual-roller test desk is described by mathematical model. The experiment results show that the relationship between the affecting factors and rolling resistance is nonlinear. It also shows that different factors have different effects to rolling resistance. This study is a basic work to automobile dynamic property evaluation.


Material The original subjects consisted of all the male inmates of youth prisons paroled for the first time in 1951 after having been interned for at least one year, a total of 128 persons, born 1928 to 1932. They came from all over Sweden, but more of them were from urban than ruraI areas. They were convicted mainly for offences against property, and most of them had been under the supervision of child welfare offices or law courts before they were imprisoned, because of antisocial conduct.


We studied the expression of pro‐apoptotic neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR) in human and murine retinoblastoma, compared to normal retina, and examined changes in p75NTR expression with the onset of apoptosis in the course of murine retinoblastoma progression, using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR. The murine retinoblastoma is induced by retinal specific expression of SV40 T‐antigen (TAg), which blocks the function of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and related proteins, and is a well‐studied model that closely simulates human retinoblastoma. The majority of human retinoblastoma either lacked or expressed decreased levels of p75NTR mRNA, compared to human retina. Moreover, p75NTR protein was not detected in any tumor studied, unlike normal retina. Like human retinoblastoma, advanced murine retinoblastoma did not express p75NTR. However, before tumors emerged, small clusters of TAg‐positive cells coexpressed p75NTR and activated caspase‐3, a marker of apoptosis. Furthermore, in three rare human eyes containing retinoblastoma adjacent to regions resembling the benign retinal tumor retinoma, both normal retina and retinoma‐like tissue expressed p75NTR protein, while the retinoblastoma did not. We suggest that p75NTR loss accompanies progression from retinoma to retinoblastoma. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract This study involved an examination of the psychometric properties of the Black Racial Identity Attitude Scale-Form B through item, subscale, and factor analyses. Factor analytic support was found for the Preencounter, Immersion-Emersion, and Internalization subscales. No support was found for an Encounter subscale. However, the factor analysis accounted for a small amount of variance, which, coupled with a finding of marginal internal consistencies, suggests little common variance among the items for the RIAS. Version A and Version B scoring showed little correspondence for some subscales, suggesting the earlier and later scoring versions cannot be considered interchangeable. The Preencounter and Internalization subscales showed highly skewed distributions for a number of items and for subscale scores. The implications of these results for previous and future research using the scale are discussed.


Teachers' beliefs represented a special interest, for both educational and psychological researches. The aim of educational domain were aspects related to methods, evaluation, urban-rural schools, experience, the level of teaching (primary, secondary and high school), gender, the type of institution who offered program in teacher training, on the other hand psychological domain paid attention on personality traits, Locus of control, stress, burnout and maybe the most complex aspect, of belief change. The present article is a review of the ninth main models on belief change, proposed by researchers who have studied this domain. Teachers beliefs' change represented a real interest concurrently with implementation students centred learning strategies and constructivist-oriented reforms. The main aspects that concern all factors involved in educational settings (teacher, administrators, and pupils) are teachers' resistance to reforms, which hold them in a traditionalist position, and superficial belief change (assimilation), who does not affect the core beliefs of teaching only superficial beliefs. © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


The effect of corticosterone (Cort, 1, 4 and 10 mg·kg -1 , ip) on the hippocampal synaptic plasticity was observed by recording evoked potentials extracellularly induced by tetanic stimulation in rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. The experimental results showed that application of Cort tended to increase the basal amplitudes of population spikes (PS) induced by single stimulation, however, compared with that in control group, the differences were not statistically significant. After delivery of tetanic stimulation (60 Hz, 30 pulses) to perforant pathway, long term potentiation (LTP) was induced in control group with PS amplitudes elevated persistently. Treatment with Cort 1 h before tetanus dose dependently decreased the amplitudes of PS induced by the tetanic stimulation, demonstrating that Cort inhibited the formation of LTP in rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. The present results suggest that Cort decreases the synaptic plasticity of hippocampus.


A primer, according to Webster's dictionary, is a book used in teaching children... hence an elementary text-book. The exemplary fashion in which the author has succeeded in presenting the fundamentals of electrolytes and acid-base balance in a logical and easy-to-follow manner is attested to by the number of editions and translations since the book was first published in 1959. In this, the sixth edition, the monograph retains its general format, but its text has been expanded and the size of the book increased to 6 × 9½ in, so it can no longer be carried conveniently in a coat pocket for easy reference. The book is organized in five sections. The first three sections deal with extracellular water (section 1) and syndromes associated with water and sodium disturbances (sections 2 and 3). The fourth section, composing more than half of the book, deals with clinical syndromes due to disturbances of


Nucleolar ultrastrure was studied in fully grown human oocytes obtained from multilaminar preantral follicles and from follicles at different stages of antrum formation. Selective staining for ribonucleoproteins and 3H-uridine labeling were used in attempt to better understand the nature and functional significance of homogeneous dense nucleoli found in oocytes from large antral follicles.

There was an apparent increase in the radio of nucleonema to nucleolar interstices, accompanied by a gradual degranulation of the nucleolonema during early stages of antrum fromation. The process of nucleolar homogenization continued in oocytes from medium-size antralfollicles, island of more tightly packed fibrils being hybothesized to represent persisting active transcription units. Entirely filamentous and homogeneous nucleoli were typical for oocytes from large antral follicles. They were demonstrated to ribonucleoprotein filaments embedded in pale- staining matrix. They were demonstrated to contain newly synthesized RNA after a 30-min pulse with 3H-uridine. The described nucleolar transformations are interpreted as acorrelate of nucleolar transition from a site of RNA synthesis into a site of RNA Storage during in human oocyte preovulatory development.


This is an expanded version of the lecture course the second author gave at Winterbraids VI in Lille in February 2016.


When patients consent to undergo dental implant treatment, how much of the form do they really remember? Here, the recall and understanding of the risks and complications of dental implant treatment following a dental implant consent process is assessed.


Due to the introduction of new safety and comfort systems in modern automobiles, stability of the vehicle electrical system is increasingly important. The increasing number of electrical components demands that additional electrical energy be provided from robust, reliable supply sources in vehicles. When designing such systems, simulation is the development tool that is used to quickly obtain information regarding electrical system stability, battery charge level, and the distribution of power to the consumer systems. This paper describes how the Saber simulation environment from Synopsys Corporation helps develop increasingly demanding and complex vehicle power systems. A Volkswagen vehicle power net serves as an illustration. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Automobiles do not have a constant energy supply nevertheless energy is required for starting the engine as well as for consumer systems that remain active when the engine is off. To supply this need, the battery serves as a storage device as well as a buffer. The battery has to deliver energy when there are peaks in the demand of consumption. These consumption peaks have increased by kilowatts in recent years, and this trend appears likely to continue into the foreseeable future. To increase battery life and optimally use existing resources, intelligent energy management (EM) algorithms are being introduced to ensure reliable, efficient energy and battery management. In addition, systems simulation is being turned to accelerate the development process since it provides a convenient way to quickly obtain information regarding electrical system stability, battery charge level, and the distribution of power to the consumer systems. Most importantly, simulation allows the performance of an automobile under different environmental conditions to be quickly and easily determined. Variations of ambient temperature, driving cycles or power consumption, and other dynamic factors can be easily simulated. However, the essential advantage of simulation is that it allows automobiles to be optimized at an early stage of development, before a prototype is produced. This advantage reduces time to market while delivering superior vehicles. Simulation also allows quick and easy development of energy management algorithms, as development is possible at a higher level of abstraction for the electronic control unit (ECU). Of course simulation models must be validated with conventional assessment methods, to help ensure that simulation results remain reliable. One application of simulation is energy balance simulation for quickly obtaining information about power net stability, battery charge level, and the distribution of power to conveniences for operator and passenger comfort without requiring a large amount of time for technical measurements. The following sections describe the necessary elements for designing a simulation model for automotive applications focussing on the analysis of overall electrical power consumption in the vehicle. Vehicle Equipment • Voltages • Currents • State of charge • Alternator utilization • EM validation Drive Cycle


Mice from three strains (ICR, C57Bl/6J, and Bagg-Swiss) were exposed to neutrons at 6, 8, 12, or 16 weeks of age. Strain, as well as age, was found to influence the radiation response as measured b...


Two-wire skin friction gage gives both magnitude and direction of mean and fluctuating stresses. Heated wires lie at surface of gage, measure airflow by cooling effect. Wires perpendicular to each other to measure flow direction as well as magnitude. Used successfully in various turbulent flow fields, including separating three-dimensional boundary layer over cone at high angle of incidence.


The present calculation practices of the coefficient to available width of channel gate were analyzed. And a simple and accurate formula was developed for the calculation of coefficient of channel's steelgate according to the standard data and with the help of the mathematical optimization and recombination. 


This paper described the opportunity to use artificial neural networks to predict the chemical reaction result under given conditions. Applied three layers neural network for prediction of the mass content of alkaline trained using the results of the chemical reactions. As inputs were used values of the chemical quantities before the reaction and output values of the chemical quantities after the reaction. HPC technologies and multi-worker technology were used for accurate results.


14045 Background: We have previously reported that single-agent pemetrexed is active in metastatic gastric cancer. On the basis of the potential synergism of pemetrexed and oxaliplatin, we explored the combination in patients with locally advanced/metastatic gastric carcinoma.

METHODS
The primary objective was activity of the combination. Eligible patients had to ≥1 measurable lesion according to RECIST. Pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 was given intravenously over 10 minutes, and oxaliplatin 120 mg/m2 was given over 2 hours; both drugs were given on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Patients were to receive ≥6 (maximum of 8) cycles unless disease progression occurred. Vitamin supplementation was given as well as dexamethasone. A total of 43 patients were planned in a two-stage design with 13 patients in the first stage. An interim analysis was planned at the end of the first stage, so the trial could be stopped if ≤3 responses were observed.

RESULTS
Between May 2004 and January 2005, 13 patients (6 females) entered the study. Median age was 52 years (range, 27-75). One patient (7.8%) had locally advanced disease, and 5 patients (38.5%) retained primary gastric cancer. Main disease sites included lymph nodes (100%) and liver (23.1%). A total of 60 cycles were administered (median 6; range, 2-6). All 13 patients were evaluable for efficacy with 3 complete and 2 partial responses (ORR 38.5%; 95% CI, 13.9%-68.4%). Stable disease occurred in 3 patients (23.1%). G3 toxicities were neutropenia (30.8%), vomiting, hepatic toxicities and leucopenia (7.7%) each; no G4 toxicity were found.

CONCLUSIONS
This interim analysis suggests that the activity and tolerability of the combination in advanced gastric cancer is very promising. Study accrual was ended in October 2005, and final results will be presented at the meeting. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Objective To summarize the causes leading to thoracic trauma and the corresponding treatments by analyzing 1 080 cases within the recent fifteen years. Methods\ Rib fracture was treated in a belt fixation way.Conservation treatment was preferable in treating closed pneumothorax and hemothorax.Among the 1 080 cases, 85 cases of thoracentesis and 105 cases of closed pleural cavity drainage.Operations were carried out for 96 cases. In treating combined injury,life saving was essential.Results\ 1 067 cases were cured at a rate of 98.8%.Thirteen cases died,the death rate being 1.2%(Among whom, five cases died of floating chest,three cases died of bemondagic shock caused by open pneumothorax and hemothorax resulting from sharp tools, and five cases died of MOSF due to multi organ injury).In addition,eight cases of candiovasular injury were all cured through emergency treatment.Conclusion\ Traffic accident can be regarded as the main cause leading to injury.Rib fracture frequently results in thoracic trauma.Belt fixation is helpful to fix chest and relieve pain.Non operation should be adopted as the main treatment of closed thoracic traumas while operation is the best in treating open thoracic traumas.


Epiphyte orcids grow abundantly in tropical rainforests. To save the existence of epiphyte orchids, it is necessary to keep them from the threat of extinction. Some efforts that could be done is by conducted periodically exploration and conservation activities. Objective of this study was to gather information on the biodiversity of epiphyte orchids at Highway Forest Park Raden Soeryo East Java and supported by exploration data in 2006. Exploration of epiphyte orchid at Jogging Track and Coban Watu Ondo, Highway Forest Park Raden. Soeryo, East Java was conducted in May-June 2019. The research method was descriptive-exploration with random sampling method. Exploration results at South Mt Arjuno Lalijiwo in 2006 recorded epyphyte orchids 14 genus, 33 species, 343 populations; highest IVI Dendrobium nudum 32.01; lowest IVI Liparis caespitosa, Schoenorchis juncifolia and Thrixspermum aff subulantuntum 1.05. At East Mt Anjasmoro found 18 genus, 34 species, 1175 populations; highest IVI Trichostosia annulata 48.21; lowest IVI Ceratostylis andjasmoroensis 0.73. In 2019 at Jogging Track site found epiphyte orchids 14 genus, 53 species, 5545 populations. Highest IVI Appendicula elegans 35.55; lowest IVI Agrostophyllum sp, Bulbophyllum sp and Dendrobium tenellum 0.24 with Shannon-Wiener Index 2.73. At Coban Watu Ondo 14 genus, 37 species, 2352 populations. Highest IVI Eria vericulosa 20.33; lowest IVI Oberonia similis, Bulbophyllum sp, Pholidota carnea, and Appendicula sp 0,40. with Shannon-Wiener Index 2.86. It concluded that biodiversity of epyphyte orchids at Highway Forest Park R. Soeryo is moderately diverse. Its conservation also maintained well. Some epyphyte orchids have bioeconomy potential as raw material for perfume.


Luminescence parameters are considered for neptunium-doped sodium fluoride. At liquid-nitrogen temperature and in the presence of various additives, the material luminesces at 600-700 nm with a narrow peak at 611 nm. The highest intensity occurs when the material contains 0.15% calcium chloride. The decay is exponential, lifetime 132 +/- 5 ..mu..sec. The detection limit with an LGI-21 UV laser is 5 x 10/sup -5/ ppm neptunium, with the calibration curve linear up to 10 ppm. The optimum preparation conditions have been identified and effects from quenching agents have been examined.


Master thesis, titled Teaching units of measurement in relation to different professions in 5th grade is divided into two parts: theoretical and empirical. In theoretical part units of measurement are presented, how to teach them and project work. In empirical part teaching approach of units of measurement in 5th grade is presented. In order to evaluate project work, evaluation test is presented. It was carried out on non-random sample of 21 students of 5th grade. With first test the prior knowledge before the project work was evaluated. With questionnaires it was defined into which professions students were interested. Based on these findings the tasks at stops was determined, as they were linked to a specific profession at each stop. The tasks were designed in such a way that the students learned units of measurement (length, mass, time, area and money). The students discussed and helped each other during the project. They were very motivated for work. After that the project work was evaluated. With second test the increase in knowledge of units of measurement was evaluated. The students were more successful with second test. From questionnaires it was evident that teaching units of measurement through project work is more successful, as it is easier to understand and makes more sense to students. To the majority of the students the project work seemed interesting and they think that projects like the one presented, should be carried out more often and also at other subjects. Moreover the investigation revealed that girls are more motivated in project work than boys are.


It is difficult for students to learn to design object-oriented applications if they have an incomplete or incorrect understanding of object-oriented concepts and relationships. The usual classroom explanation of these concepts is often based upon UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagrams and the "donut" visualization of an object. Spatial visualization in a virtual world may be an aid to learning. This paper explores the prospective use of virtual worlds as three-dimensional models of object-oriented software. The virtual world building tool Adobe Atmosphere is described. The conclusion identifies three prospective significant benefits of immersive virtual modeling of software systems.


The orthodox view of the computer as a medium or medium of media (ie. "new media") is perfectly justified in colloquial discussions, but is hardly evident as an objective fact. This does not imply that computers are employed in the making of art, rather we are investigating a means of initiating the occurrence of an artistic experience for the audience, with whatever tools are convenient, in this case computers. We leverage the feature that logical syllogisms can be articulated such as to create systems that act as catalysts for Constructivist learning to take place within the individual minds of audience members. These concrete, but unobservable synaptic adjustments are subsequently displayed via unpredicted idiosyncratic behaviours. In short, whether or not a computer can choreograph a dance, we describe how automated machines can coerce humans to dance. In doing so, we uncover mysteries as to the ubiquity and influence of art on our species.


Teachers' work is largely based on knowledge. In the past, the systemized education made teachers give tacit consent to some "undoubtable" theories in their teaching, and neglected their own "personal knowledge". However, with the development of society, teacher's occupation is more and more considered as a profession, protruding its creativity in carrying out curriculum. Therefore, we should rebuild the views on education, knowledge, teaching, teacher's dignity and teaching time-space.


The device physics of parallel-wire superconducting nanowire single photon detectors is based on a cascade process. Using nano-optical techniques and a parallel wire device with spatially separate pixels, we explicitly demonstrate the single- and multi-photon triggering regimes. We develop a model for describing efficiency of a detector operating in the arm-trigger regime. We investigate the timing response of the detector when illuminating a single pixel and two pixels. We see a change in the active area of the detector between the two regimes and find the two-pixel trigger regime to have a faster timing response than the one-pixel regime.


a) In mammals, large peripheral nerves, for example the vagus, the sciatic and the ulnar typically are bundles of thousands of individual axons enclosed in a loose connective tissue sheath, the Epineurium. Within the Epineurium, the axons are grouped in fascicles, encased in a more structured epithelial sheath (the perineurium). Each axon is surrounded by a thin connective tissue sheath, the endoneurium. Note that the frog's sciatic consists of only a single bundle of fibres, surrounded by the perineurium and loose epineurium.


Ultrafast demagnetization induced by femtosecond laser pulses in thin metallic layers is caused by the outflow of spin-polarized hot electron currents describable by the superdiffusive transport model. These laser-generated spin currents can cross the interface into another magnetic layer and give rise to magnetization dynamics in magnetic spin valves with noncollinear magnetizations. To describe ultrafast transport and spin dynamics in such nanostructures we develop here the superdiffusive theory for general noncollinear magnetic multilayers. Specifically, we introduce an Al/Ni/Ru/Fe/Ru multilayer system with noncollinear Ni and Fe magnetic moments and analyze how the ultrafast demagnetization and spin-transfer torque depend on the noncollinearity. We employ ab initio calculations to compute the spin- and energy-dependent transmissions of hot electrons at the interfaces of the multilayer. Taking into account multiple electron scattering at interfaces and spin mixing in the spacer layer we find that the laser-induced demagnetization of the Ni layer and magnetization change of the Fe layer strongly depend on the angle between their magnetizations. Similarly, the spin-transfer torques on the Ni and Fe layers and the total spin momentum absorbed in the Ni and Fe layer are found to vary markedly with the amount of noncollinearity. These results suggest that changing the amount of noncollinearity in magnetic multilayers one can efficiently control the hot electron spin transport, which may open a way toward achieving fast, laser-driven spintronic devices.


We determined if negative ultrasound screening at the time of acute care hospital discharge or 2 weeks post operatively would reliably identify patients without deep venous thrombosis, thus allowing discontinuation of warfarin chemoprophylaxis. Patients undergoing primary TKA (1344) were treated with adjusted-dose warfarin (target prothrombin time, 15-18 seconds; internationalized normalization ratio, 1.4-1.7) until screening and then aspirin (325 mg po bid) until 6 weeks postoperatively. Deep venous thrombosis as determined by ultrasound was the measured outcome. From 1994 to 1997, 525 patients underwent screening ultrasound before discharge (usually postoperative Day 3): 12 (2.3%) patients with proximal deep venous thrombosis and three (0.6%) patients with distal deep venous thrombosis were identified. From 1997 to 2001, 819 patients underwent ultra- sound screening at Day 14 postoperatively: 10 (1.2%) patients with proximal deep venous thrombosis and 29 (3.6%) patients with distal deep venous thromboses were identified. There was no difference in proximal deep venous thrombosis detection, but there was a difference in distal deep venous thrombosis detection. We no longer screen asymptomatic patients with ultrasound for deep venous thrombosis after TKA. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


A necessary and sufficient condition for an input to be inferior is that, taking into account the input adjustment, an increase of its price raises the marginal productivity of all inputs. Contrary to a widespread opinion, it is not necessary that (some) inputs are "rivals" (i.e., that some marginal productivity cross derivative is negative). We discuss these facts and illustrate them by introducing a few simple functional forms for the production function. Our results suggest that the existence of inferior inputs is naturally associate to the presence of increasing returns, and possibly make the case for inferiority considerably stronger.


In this paper we prove the $\pm$-main conjecture of Iwasawa theory formulated by Kobayashi for elliptic curves with supersingular reduction at an odd prime $p$ such that $a_p=0$, using a key new observation that it can be reduced to another Iwasawa-Greenberg main conjecture, which is more accessible and proved here as a first step. Then we develop some generalized $\pm$ local theory and deduce the main conjecture. The argument uses in an essential way the recent study on explicit reciprocity law for Beilinson-Flach elements by Kings-Loeffler-Zerbes. We also prove as corollaries the $p$-part of the BSD formula at supersingular primes when the analytic rank is $0$ or $1$. The main result enables us to present in the Appendix a number of explicit infinite families of elliptic curves without complex multiplications for which we can now prove the full Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. No such infinite families of curves without complex multiplication were known previously.


1. Introduction and problem definition. 2. The building blocks of law. 3. A frame-based conceptual model of law. 4. The constitutional elements of the model. 5. Framing the law. 6. Applying the model. 7. Results and conclusions. Appendices: The Dutch Unemployment Benefits Act (unofficial translation) The vocabulary A frame-based model of the DNAA.