Archaeology between discovery and forgettingThe article examines an unexpected discovery of human skeletons in a hidden cave in Bølekointa at Bøle in Flatanger in mid-Norway, and focuses on how a discovery becomes archaeology, and the lifespan of archaeological finds from discovery to our oblivion. Does an archaeological find always end up as archaeology, and what is the end of an archaeological find?While climbing a gorge in a mountain at Bøle in April 1987, an auxiliary teacher at Drageid School Camp discovered the entrance to a large cave. Lacking a torch, he fumbled his way in the darkness and literally stumbled upon a human skeleton crouched by a campfire. Contrary to the view of every archaeologist concerned, the discovery was not treated as an archaeological find. The remains were in such good condition that the police launched an investigation into what they assumed was a murder case. Two human skeletons, showing signs of violent death, were removed for forensic examination. German prison records from World War II archives led historians to identify the two men as escaped Russian prisoners of war, a theory confirmed by local people. Archaeologists nevertheless insisted on a radiocarbon analysis, which dated the find to the Late Roman Iron Age and Migration period.
The establishment of the find as prehistoric also marked the end of archaeological research into the discovery, and the material was stored away for 17 years. The sudden bloom of interest in1987 withered to nothing. In an attempt to bring the skeletons out of the cupboard: how do we neglect, and forget, our discoveries and the things we find?


The present study aimed to explore the human factors associated with employees shaping customer satisfaction in the field of emergency call centers of power distribution companies. The literature was reviewed in a range of different disciplines including quality of service, human resource management and marketing. The statistical population of this study is consisted of all employees of emergency call centers of power distribution companies, among whom, according to Krejcie & Morgan (1970) table, the minimum sample size for this study is 285 people. The sampling method of this study was complete random method and the questionnaires were distributed among the selected sample. Dorna et al. (2018) questionnaire was used to measure the variables. The study results show that the factors of human resource management lead to job plan, employee satisfaction, employee efficiency, customer satisfaction, employee retention, training, employee performance, and ultimately organizational performance. Managers of emergency call centers of power distribution companies should note that investing in human resource practices helps to improve customer satisfaction in emergency call centers of power distribution companies.


The development of human society indicates that the timeliness and geography determines the ecological environment,while the ecological environment determines the human society.The comprehensive system of mutual relation is commonly composed of the timelygeography,ecological environment and the human society.In recent years,grassland wilderness and desertization are sharpening,lakes and glacier are shrinking,the volume of river flow not only is reducing but went so far as to be cut off,the above mentioned causes unfavourable influence on local ecologucal environmet and society.So,we should protect and construct ecological environment as the prerequisites and basis of sustained development in Qinghai-Tibet plateau.


Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a new evolutionary computation method. Analysis of the evolutionary trajectories and the convergence properties of PSO are presented based on the discrete time linear system theory, and the conditions for choosing the parameters are given.


The paper deals with design, simulation analysis and experimental verification of electrical properties of resonant converter with LCTLC resonant network. The LCTLC topology belongs to multi-element resonant topologies. The converter consists of the two resonant tanks and HF transformer. The paper shows the design of the resonant elements and shortly the design of HF transformer. First the topology of proposed converter is being described, whereby main focus is given for application field and on possibility of its variable use. Presented analysis and simulation experiments of proposed converter have been performed by OrCAD software. Finally for verification of expected operation, the experimental results of resonant converter with LCTLC elements have been created.


A letter from H. S. Moore to C. B. Moore describing events that had happened in the area and on the farm during C.B. Moore's absence. Envelope has note reading: "H. S. Moore; Received July 26; 1877" and a postal stamp from McKinnet, Texas; July, 23.


Relevant to any attempt for amelioration of woman's conditions was the history of Muslim people in general and that of Muslims in the Indo-Pak Subcontinent in particular. This paper highlights Muslim women's struggle for their rights movements in British India. Their continuous struggle altered educational and political institutions, allowing them to emerge from seclusion and participate more actively in the nation's public life.
It is said that when women in the developed countries were agitating against their own male regarding their rights, a similar struggle had begun in the subcontinent where men started encouraging participation of women in education and politics, appreciated, and sometimes patronized it. The imperialists in India reversed the economic and social milieu. By strengthening system, British fortified the position of the feudal and tribal lords which not only contributed towards solidifying the struggle for Muslim Women's Rights in the British India but also resulted in lowering the status of women. The British, on the other hand, did not believe it was necessary to extend their politics into all aspects of life. As a result, local laws continued to apply in family and personal matters like as marriage, guardianship, and inheritance, and the status quo between men and women was maintained.  After a prolonged protests and struggle for women's rights, the central legislature undertook legislation on issues relating to Muslim women such as child marriage, property rights, widow remarriage, divorce, etc. Muslim women had to resisted on the laws imposed by imperialists as most of it were the violation of their fundamental rights, and that they were mostly successful i.e., law of inheritance 1937. The paper shows that women's struggles for educational and political freedom had a significant impact in the British India Particularly in 1940s during Pakistan Movement. Everyone is aware of the social changes/developments that occurred at that time. However, few people acknowledge that women had a key role in bringing about these developments. It is hardly an exaggeration to say that women have achieved tremendous progress and have paved the way for more reforms in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.


In this paper, we introduce the notion of a BO-algebra, and we prove that every BO-algebra is 0-commutative, and we show that BO-algebras, 0-commutative B-algebras, BM-algebras, p-semisimple BCI-algebras and abelian groups are logically equivalent.


Glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) is an in situ method used to determine the mass and energy of positive ions incident on the substrate during sputter deposition. In the first part of this review, we describe the sputtering glow discharge, creation of positive ions in the glow, determination of their mass and energy by GDMS, and the relationship between ionic flux and the flux of corresponding neutral species incident on the substrate. In the last section, several examples of the use of GDMS during reactive sputter deposition are presented, illustrating the strengths and limitations of this technique.


The frequency transition function in DFH system is one of the key technologies and will influences the performance of the corresponding communication system considerably.This paper analyzes the characteristics of the transition function model and the chaotic logistic map,and then proposes a transition function design method based on chaotic sequences by full logistic mapping.Results of the performance analysis indicate that the DFH transition functions designed by this method can lead to better randomicity and uniformity of DFH sequences,and acquire the best error-correcting performance.


Since it is usually difficult to determine the mechanism model of the skid-steered wheeled vehicle, this paper mainly studies the system model identification technology of the vehicles. Because of the non-linearity of the skid-steered wheeled vehicle, an innovative concept of operating point is introduced. The entire system is divided into several operating points in terms of the motion state of the system. Then relying on the input and output identification data of the system, the Hankel matrix identification method based on Markov coefficients is used to get the linearized system model at each operating point. The comparison of the identification model with the mechanism model and real output of system shows that the identification model can characterize the system at the operating point.


A single support continuous box girder bridge appeared bearing disengaging and girder slippage during its guardrail construction. The author made stress analysis of construction and operation stages, adopting the entire model built by solid element. It showed that single support bridge could not appear bearing disengaging under whether single trace or population offset load during its operation stage. But bearing disengaging would appear when only one guardrail has been built and deck pavement has not been done.


Dual-frequency GPS receiver can automatically correct time delay error caused by ionospheric Total Electron Content(TEC).But it cannot eliminate signal scintillation error caused by ionospheric irregularities.Even for differential GPS systems,ionospheric error is one of major sources in GPS positioning,for example,error from ionospheric TEC gradient,which will affect accuracy and degrade performance of GPS application system.In this paper,the magnitude of ionospheric TEC horizontal gradient is studied by means of GPS observations.The vertical TEC,and its horizontal gradient and ROTI index over NTUS station,which located in equatorial anomaly region, are derived from GPS observation provided by IGS network.It is found that,between post-sunset and around midnight,the ionospheric TEC has great fluctuation,and intense radio waves scintillation, which is represented by big ROTI index,takes place during this periods.Furthermore,the steep TEC horizontal gradient and its fast variation with respect to time appear.By comparison, the ROTI index,ionospheric TEC horizontal gradient and vertical TEC correlate very well with each other,and their variations characteristics result from density irregularities produced by plasma instability in ionosphere.It is suggested that when scintillation events are investigated,ionospheric TEC gradient is also one of considerable parameters.


In order to fully understand the shear lag effect variation of concrete composite girder with steel truss webs, the 3D finite element model is established with general finite element software ANSYS, considering three typical load models of mid-span concentrated load, two points symmetrical load and uniform load. The effect of geometric parameters on shear lag effect of simply supported concrete composite girder with steel truss webs is analyzed. Geometric parameters include the span-width ratio, the width-height ratio and wing-thickness ratio. The results show that under three load cases, the influence of the span-width ratio and the width-height ratio on shear lag effect of the prestressed concrete composite girder with steel truss webs was analyzed. The results show that the span-width ratio has greater influence on shear lag effect of the prestressed concrete composite girder with steel truss webs, while the width-height ratio and other parameters have less influence on shear lag effect. And the results indicate that for continuously supported prestressed concrete composite girder with steel truss webs, the negative shear lag effect is quite obvious near the cross-section of mid-support, which needs to attach great importance in the design. Introduction Concrete composite girder bridge with steel truss webs concept was first proposed by the French engineer. In this structure, the concrete web in the traditional concrete box girder is replaced by steel truss web. Steel truss webs end node directly embedded in concrete top and bottom supporting. The smooth transmission of the force of steel truss and concrete top and bottom plate is constructed by the node. Meanwhile, the structure is also equipped with internal and external prestressed steel. As shown in Fig. 1, the first steel truss composite girder bridge was built in France--Arbois bridge in 1985. Since then, Canada, Singapore, Japan, China and other countries have designed and built a number of concrete composite girder bridges with steel truss webs. Because of its light weight, low cost, beautiful appearance, good wind resistance and other advantages , steel truss composite bridge has been fond by more and more bridge engineers and researchers. At present, the researches of concrete composite girder bridge with steel truss webs mainly focus on the two aspects of joint International Forum on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (IFEESD 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 224 and bearing capacity of the whole bridge. Test method is used to study the mechanical behavior of the joint and the whole structure. The results of the test are analyzed and validated by using the finite element numerical simulation. At present, there is less domestic research on concrete composite girder bridge with steel truss webs . The shear lag effect of simply supported steel truss concrete composite beams under concentrated loads and uniform loads are researched by Shangmin Zheng [2] using ANSYS finite element software. Besides, he analyzed the shear lag effect of composite beam with corrugated steel webs in comparison. Yang Chen [9] analyzed the typical sections shear lag coefficient and effective width of concrete composite girder bridge with steel truss webs by using the spatial entity finite element model, meanwhile he researched the effect of the thickness of the top and bottom plate and the wall thickness of steel truss pipe on the shear lag effect. All of the above studies didn't relate to the effect of the span-width ratio, the width-height ratio and other parameters on the shear lag effect of concrete composite girder bridge with steel truss webs. Fig. 1 Concrete composite girder bridge with steel truss webs In order to deepen the understanding of the shear lag effect of the steel truss composite beam bridge, this paper summarizes the achievements of literature [2] and uses finite element method to research the influence of parameters on shear lag effect of composite girder with steel truss webs . Concrete Composite Girder Bridge with Steel Truss Webs and Finite Element Model In this paper, a simply supported concrete composite girder bridge with steel truss webs as the research object is shown in Fig. 2. The span of simply supported steel truss composite girder concrete composite beam is 35m. Concrete end beams with longitudinal thickness of 0.925m locate both ends of the beam. The top width of the beam section is 8.5m and the width of the bottom plate is 4.8m. The height of the beam is 2.3m. The thickness of the concrete top is 0.243m and the bottom plate thickness is 0.22m. Section form and size are shown in Fig. 3. Concrete top plate and bottom plate use C50 concrete and the modulus of elasticity is 3.45 * 104MPa. Steel truss use the Q420E grade steel, the modulus of elasticity is 2.06 * 105MPa. The size of steel pipe is 351 * 16mm and the steel pipe wall thickness is 16mm. The angle between axis of the steel pipe and the longitudinal axis of the bridge is 67 degrees and the pitch is 1.95m.


Abstract Recently, several research projects in the Netherlands have focused on the development of wearable robotic exoskeletons (WREs) for individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Such research on WREs is often treated solely within the disciplines of biomedical and mechanical engineering, overlooking insights from disability studies and philosophy of technology. We argue that mainly two such insights should receive attention: the problematization of the ableism connected to the individual model of disability and the stigmatization by assistive technology. While disability studies have largely rejected the individual model of disability, the engineering sciences seem to still locate disability in an individual's body, not questioning their own problematization of disability. Additionally, philosophy of technology has argued that technologies are not neutral instruments but shape users' actions and perceptions. The design of WREs may convey a message about the understanding of disability, which can be comprehended as a challenge and an opportunity: stigmatization needs to be avoided and positive views on disability can be evoked. This article aims to highlight the benefits of considering these socio-philosophical perspectives by examining the case of WREs for people with DMD and proposing design principles for WREs. These principles may enhance acceptability of WREs, not only by individuals with DMD but also by other users, and help engineers to better place their work in the social context.


Connecting several tunneling diodes in series shows promise as a method for increasing the output power of these devices as millimeter-wave oscillators. However, due to the negative differential resistance (NDR) region in the dc I-V curve of a single tunneling diode, a circuit using several devices connected in series, and biased simultaneously in the NDR region, is dc unstable. Because of this instability, an oscillator with several tunneling diodes in series has a demanding excitation condition. Excitation using an externally applied RF signal is one approach to solving this problem. This is experimentally demonstrated using an RF source, both with frequency close to as well as with frequency considerably lower than the oscillation frequency. Excitation by an RF source with a frequency as low as one-sixth of the oscillation frequency was demonstrated in a proof-of-principle experiment at 2 GHz, for an oscillator with two tunnel diodes connected in series. Strong harmonics of the oscillation signal were generated as a result of the highly nonlinear dc I-V curve of the tunnel diode and a large signal oscillator design. Third harmonic output power comparable to that of the fundamental was observed in one oscillator circuit. If submillimeter wave resonant-tunneling diodes (RTD's) are used instead of tunnel diodes, this harmonic output may be-useful for generating signals at frequencies well into the terahertz range. >


EnglishThanks to the activism of a relevant number of Intergoverrnmental Organizations, international conventions establishing uniform law for private cross-border relationships have become more and more numerous ever since the beginning of nineteenth century. Those instruments, however, failed to compose a coherent and complete system of rules. On the contrary, they gave rise to a legal framework characterized by overlaps as well as gaps. This paper investigates how such a problem has been addressed in the last decades, both under an actor-based approach and from the perspective of the quality of the legal texts. Thus, the initiatives aiming to a better coordination among the various International Organizations that are active in the field of the unification of private law as well as the legal solutions that seems to be representative of innovative trends are taken into consideration. The obstacles that made the efforts deployed in such a recodification process not always successful are then assessed, in order to verify whether different steps could be considered to improve the legal framework consistency. Finally, under a methodological point of view, it is submitted that, even if the shortcomings are still apparent, the unification of private law at the international level confirms its utility in the view to reduce legal uncertainty for private parties, particularly in those matters that are by their very nature cross-border, such as those related to the information technologies. italiano1. Linterdipendenza tra i fenomeni dell'organizzazione internazionale e della codificazione del diritto materiale uniforme e gli effetti che ne derivano: dalla codificazione alla ricodificazione-2. I protagonisti della ricodificazione: l'UNCITRAL, il suo mandato e le attivita volte alla sua realizzazione. La promozione di una piu ampia interpretazione .-3. Segue: il coordinamento con le organizzazioni attive nella unificazione del diritto materiale.-4.Segue: l'attivita informativa e di promozione di una interpretazione e applicazione uniforme.-5.La convergenza di intenti alla luce dei risultati conseguiti-6.Lo sviluppo di nuovi modelli normativi: la scelta in favore di strumenti non vincolanti.-7.Segue: e di soluzioni flessibili per quelli vincolanti.-8.Le questioni aperte e le prospective future.


Two methods for identifying monthly drought process are contrastively analyzed by using daily CI index of 160stations in the Yellow River basin during 1961-2008.The results show that generally speaking,both methods can identify severe drought events in the basin in monthly time scale,but the identified intensity and range are not the same.Spatially,the first method can identify the severe drought events in a large scale;the whole identified drought area includes or even sometimes exceeds the real drought area.While,the second method can roughly identify the drought area,and usually miss some small part;As regards the drought intensity,the first method may identify the severe drought under weight,while the second way may identify the drought more consistent with the actual situation.In the middle-west part of in the Yellow River,we can draft a line of southwest-northeast direction for the boundary,the Yellow River basin is divided into two parts,the west of the boundary is including the regions of the northwestern Qinghai,middlewestern Gansu,western Inner Mongolia,the east of the boundary is including the regions of the southeastern Qinghai,southeastern Gansu,eastern Inner Mongolia,Ningxia,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Henan and Shandong provinces.According to monthly drought frequency analysis,for the west regions of boundary of the Yellow River basin,there are less drought events,while for the east regions of boundary of the Yellow River basin,there are different results.According to the first method identifying,monthly drought frequency is larger in the west regions of boundary of the Yellow River basin,with frequent light drought and low frequency of extreme severe drought.According to the second method identifying,monthly drought frequency is not so large in the east regions of boundary of the Yellow River basin,about 60%~ 80%.The second method is recommended to use.By this method,severe drought frequency is the first,followed by medium drought.


The computer program GRIZZLY, used to construct equations of state (EOS) for the SESAME library, has been modified to allow porosity to be treated within a simple ramp type model. In this model, given an EOS for a nonporous material, a new SESAME EOS can be constructed for a porous sample of the same material. The new EOS will exhibit ramp behavior for temperatures below the melting point and will be identical to the EOS of the nonporous material for temperatures significantly above the melting point or for densities slightly larger than the equilibrium density of the nonporous material. The new EOS will be thermodynamically self-consistent everywhere. 3 refs., 6 figs.


The present work describes the preparation characterization and electrical conductivity measurement of carbon–nitrogen (C–N) nanotubes–PEO composites films. CNNTs–PEO composite films have been prepared by using the solution cast technique and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM PHILIPS XL-20). The DC electrical conductivity measurements of the composite films revealed that for PEO film conductivity has been found to be ~ 7.5 × 10-8 Scm-1, and for C–N nanotubes (~ 20 wt.%)–PEO film it was found to be ~6.2 Scm-1 at room temperature. Thus, compared to the PEO film, the conductivity of the C–N nanotubes (~ 20 wt.%)–PEO composite film is eight orders of magnitude higher. The same conductivity of ~ 6.2 Scm-1 for the carbon nanotubes (CNT)–PEO composites comes out at 50 wt.% of CNT in PEO as reported earlier by our group. The conductivity increases with the increase of temperature, confirming the semiconducting nature of the C–N nanotubes–PEO composites.


In this study, the predictive toxicity of barley Hordeum vulgare was estimated using a modified terrestrial biotic ligand model (TBLM) to account for the toxic effects of CuOH+ and CuCO3(aq) generated at pH 7 or higher, and this was compared to that from the original TBLM. At pH values higher than 7...


With the development and progress of science and technology,more and more studies have been carried out on food additives and processing aids,and their uses have come to be mastered.When using food additives and processing aids,people not only focus on their general functions but also pay attention to their nutritional functions.Calcium deficiency is common to the Chinese,so calcium salts used as food additives and processing aids have been more and more popular.But,because calcium salts differ in function and range of use,it's necessary to conduct an analysis and comparison of several inorganic calcium salts listed in GB2760-2011 as food additives or processing aids.


Mr. Stobart's paper on assaults on police has attracted interest in the National and the Police Press. Here is the complete version, now revised by the author, of the enquiry he conducted in the Metropolitan Police, the Liverpool and Bootle Constabulary, and the South Wales Constabulary.


Most Android apps lack their counterparts on convenient smart-watch devices, possibly due to non-trivial engineering efforts required in the new app design and code development. Inspired by the observation that widgets on a smartphone can be mirrored to a smartwatch, this paper presents the Jigsaw framework to greatly alleviate such engineering efforts. Particularly, Jigsaw enables a push-button development of smartphone's companion watch apps by leveraging the programming by example paradigm, version space algebra, and constraint solving. Our experiments on 16 popular open-source apps validated the effectiveness of our synthesis algorithm, as well as their practical usefulness in synthesizing usable watch companions.


We present two algorithms for maintaining the exact counts of all itemsets over a stream of transactions. The count of each subset in a transaction is maintained by mapping it to substrings of the alphabet. This technique allows efficient time processing of the items in a single pass over the data stream. The two algorithms differ in their mapping schemes and data structures. The first algorithm performs prefix-based-scan of each transaction taken as a Boolean string, while the second algorithm improves on the first by exploiting the capability of suffix tree like structure for online enumeration of transaction suffixes. Correctness proofs and theoretic bounds on time and space complexity of these algorithms are presented. The algorithms are implemented and evaluated on several synthetic datasets. The results confirm that these algorithms are well suited to association rule mining over data streams for many practical business applications.


The use of red-light cameras (RLC) for improving intersection safety is presented. The RLC programs with a well defined process and good legislation can facilitate public acceptance and promote intersection safety. Traffic engineers play a pivotal role in selecting camera sites and conducting intersection engineering reviews.


Until recently, in experimental fusion devices only cold probes were used to determine the plasma potential, and their floating potential was assumed to be proportional to the plasma potential. However, drifting electrons or beams distort the current-voltage characteristic of a cold probe. In addition a cold probe is sensitive to electron temperature variations. These problems can be avoided by the use of electron emissive probes, since an electron emission current is fairly independent of the conditions in the surrounding plasma. We have used an emissive probe in the CASTOR tokamak in Prague, by which the plasma potential has been determined in the edge region of this device and even inside in last closed flux surface (LCFS). In this paper we present first results of our investigations.


The egg stage is the most tolerant life stage of insect pests to sulfuryl fluoride. In tests on eggs of Ephestia kuehniella, eggs aged 12 days (from oviposition at 25°C) proved more tolerant than other age groups. At 15"C 1 2 day old eggs needed a concentration time (ct ) product of about 4000 g. h per cu m to prevent hatch and 3000 g. h per cu m to prevent emergence of adults from samples of treated eggs. Other age groups were controlled by about 3000 and 2000 g. h per cu m respectively. At 25"C 1 2 day old eggs needed a ct product of about 1000 g h per cu m to prevent hatch and 800 g h per cu m to prevent emergence. Other age groups required 800 and 600 g. h per cu m respectively. Tests were also conducted on three species of Coleoptera, the flour beetles Trtbolium castaneum, T. confusum and the warehouse beetle Trogoderrna varia bi le , at 25 and 30"C. For these, to obtain sufficient numbers WIth the slower rate of egg production characteristic of tenebnornd and dermestid beetles, eggs aged 1 4 days were tested. The tolerances of these species straddled that of E. kuehniella at 25°C, T. confusum. being less tolerant, T variainle being of SImilar tolerance, while T. castaneum was more tolerant, requiring a ct product of over 1700 g. h per qJ. m for complete kill. At 30"C eggs of T. castaneum were all killed by a 24-h ct product of 1150 g. h per cu m, while eggs of the other two beetles were controlled by less than 500 g. h per cu m.


The museum visit is a collaborative activity: people typically visit museums in social groups, and conversation between group members has been highlighted as a key aspect for an engaging visitor experience. In this work, we detail initial findings and experience results from the design and evaluation of a group-based digital storytelling journey, where visitor-to-visitor engagement takes place under the frame of an interactive, mobile technology-based story. The results suggest not only the potential to cultivate social interaction between individuals using their own mobile devices, but also to generate immediate transcultural and transgenerational understanding and cooperation in situ.


At the moment there are no field proven technologies available to remove dissolved hydrocarbons (aliphatics and mainly aromatics) from produced water on offshore platforms. Following a joined study of the NOGEPA (The Netherlands Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Association) and the Dutch Government, the Macro Porous Polymer Extraction (MPPE) technology was selected from 55 technologies as one of the most promising one. The MPPE process is removing the aromatics and aliphatics by an extraction process with the extraction liquid immobilized in the MPP particles. The MPPE particles can be regenerated in situ. The NAM Business unit Offshore and Akzo Nobel MPP Systems performed a successful 4 months full-scale field trial with the MPPE technology on the L2 gas platform (50% unmanned) in the North Sea. The main objective was to prove that the MPPE technology could obtain a separation efficiency of >90% for aromatics and that it was robust and reliable to operate under Offshore North Sea winter conditions. The MPPE demo unit size with steam generator was restricted to fit into a standard 15 feet container treating produced water (2.7 m 3


This investigation addresses basic characterization of a shape memory polymer (SMP) as a suitable structural material for morphing aircraft applications. Tests were performed for monotonic loading in high shear at constant temperature, well below, or just above the glass transition temperature. The SMP properties were time-and temperature-dependent. Recovery by the SMP to its original shape needed to be unfettered. Based on the testing SMPs appear to be an attractive and promising component in the solution for a skin material of a morphing aircraft. Their multiple state abilities allow them to easily change shape and, once cooled, resist large loads.


The convergence of new technologies will change the journalistic narrative in the coming years. Terms such as 'multimedia', 'cross-media', 'transmedia', 'virtual' or 'augmented reality ' are just usual when it comes to new formats. We will soon have here the non-screen technology. This new reality will force the journalist to 'think' information and will require from them certain changes when developing the story. Access to news from the mobile device will continue to grow. In short, high-tech journalism is already here. This article discusses how some media in the US and Europe have created technological innovation laboratories to study other narratives allowed by these technologies.


Abstract Arnold's (1965a) method is used to investigate the stability of a stationary, nonparallel, plane flow, with horizontal shear, to three-dimensional nondivergent disturbances in a Boussinesq fluid. It is shown that, if the fluid is statically stable, the Rayleigh condition is not sufficient to insure inertial stability to all disturbance modes. For channel flow it is possible to establish the sufficiency condition for stability to some of these modes.


The present financial and economic crisis has obliged us to re-examine our conceptualisation of the economy as well as to seek new approaches. The lack of answers, reflected in a wide range of debates, concerning the role of the economic knowledge available forces us to look for new responses, both in theory and in practice. There is no answer, nor will there be, in the scientific approach which is so far-removed from the reality of the roles played by the individual in the economy, in institutions and in businesses. The search for a new paradigm which will help to explain what is occurring and why it is occurring is of the first necessity. Economic Science has to open up new avenues of research. This is a new contribution upon the economy which examines the "individual" and "values systems" which will enable a new form of " cooperation " with new "coordination costs ". It is approached from an interdisciplinary perspective. It can and must seek a new paradigm which will enable " economic logic " to become a societal referent for the development of both the individual and institutions. We must orient ourselves in a new manner to see the economy, its institutions, the individual and his/her integrated development in a new light.


Campus physical education culture,an important part of campus culture,embodies a school's unique culture style and spirit.Conducting a comparative analysis of campus physical education culture between high education schools and primary-secondary schools under different educational goals and physical education management difference of different educational administration system,this essay is trying to find out the traditions and development characteristics of different culture involvers and the effects of physical education staff in culture construction.It comes to a conclusion that campus culture construction should draw on experience from each others' success based on practice to carry out innovative reform in order to promote a better campus physical education culture construction in China.


Extracting technology of soluble protein of Pleurotus citrinopileatus are resarch on different solution of distilled water,HCl,NaCl,NaOH and phosphate buffer solution.And that study the single factor experiment and the orthogonal experimental design on extraction solution concentration,time,ratio of material to liquid,extraction time and temperature.The results show that the optimum extraction process are extraction time 2 h,extraction temperature of 50 ℃,solid-liquid ratio 1∶40,NaOH concentration of 0.075 mol/L,and under this condition soluble protein extraction rate is 28.14 g/100 g(Pleurotus citrinopileatus powder).Further,we discovere the Pleurotus citrinopileatus soluble protein have better removal effect on · OH.


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Returning from a successful foraging trip, a well-loaded forager bee has two things on its mind; offloading its cargo and telling the rest of the hive the good news. But communication is often a two-way thing. Rodrigo de Marco decided to investigate Martin Lindauer's original


The article looks at the ways both wayside and onboard lubriction systems have improved as suppliers and railroads have tried various approaches to attack a range of bedeviling problems. Examined is the work being done on ground-breaking methods for modifying friction, including forms of film-deposition-type and solid-stick technology, hi-tech computer-controlled lubrication and, importantly, far superior systems for measuring lubrication effectiveness.


To assess global water availability and use at a subannual timescale, an integrated global water resources model was developed consisting of six modules: land sur- face hydrology, river routing, crop growth, reservoir opera- tion, environmental flow requirement estimation, and anthro- pogenic water withdrawal. The model simulates both natural and anthropogenic water flow globally (excluding Antarc- tica) on a daily basis at a spatial resolution of 1 ◊1 (lon- gitude and latitude). This first part of the two-feature re- port describes the six modules and the input meteorologi- cal forcing. The input meteorological forcing was provided by the second Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP2), an in- ternational land surface modeling project. Several reported shortcomings of the forcing component were improved. The land surface hydrology module was developed based on a bucket type model that simulates energy and water balance on land surfaces. The crop growth module is a relatively simple model based on concepts of heat unit theory, poten- tial biomass, and a harvest index. In the reservoir operation module, 452 major reservoirs with >1 km 3 each of storage capacity store and release water according to their own rules of operation. Operating rules were determined for each reser- voir by an algorithm that used currently available global data such as reservoir storage capacity, intended purposes, simu- lated inflow, and water demand in the lower reaches. The environmental flow requirement module was newly devel- oped based on case studies from around the world. Simulated runoff was compared and validated with observation-based global runoff data sets and observed streamflow records at 32 major river gauging stations around the world. Mean annual runoff agreed well with earlier studies at global and conti- nental scales, and in individual basins, the mean bias was less than ±20% in 14 of the 32 river basins and less than ±50% in 24 basins. The error in the peak was less than ±1 mo in 19 of the 27 basins and less than ±2 mo in 25 basins. The per- formance was similar to the best available precedent studies with closure of energy and water. The input meteorological forcing component and the integrated model provide a frame- work with which to assess global water resources, with the potential application to investigate the subannual variability in water resources.


Rats were growth-retarded either from conception to 5 postnatal days (FNR or 'small-for-dates' group) or from 5 to 25 postnatal days (IR group) by underfeeding their mothers or foster-mothers. All young were fed ad libitum from weaning till they were killed at 15–24 weeks. The body weight of the FNR rats was 36% less than that of controls at 5 days and remained significantly less throughout their lives. Their adult nose-rump and tail lengths were slightly but significantly shorter than those of controls, but they did not differ in total body fat. TR rats weighed less than control and FNR rats from 10 days onwards, and they were leaner than both groups at death. They grew more in nose-rump and tail length between 35 and 115 days than the other groups, but were still significantly shorter than the controls at 115 days. This 'catch-up' may be related to their relative skeletal immaturity (assessed radiographically) at the time of the body growth spurt. Brain growth was impaired in both FNR and IR rats, though in different ways. Cerebellar growth was selectively affected in IR but not in FNR rats. Total synaptosomal protein (a probable measure of synapse number) was lower in the brains of both experimental groups in proportion to their brain weight deficits.


Now that the EU Constitution has been adopted, one might be inclined to think that the debate on the position of human rights in the legal order of the European Union has come to an end. For more than 25 years academics and politicians have discussed the desirability of EC/EU accession to the European Convention of Human Rights and have argued for or against a separate bill of fundamental rights. That is all over now: Article I-7 of the Constitution provides for Union accession to the European Convention, whereas part II incorporates the Charter of Fundamental Rights. It would seem, therefore, that a solid framework for the protection of human rights in the EU legal order has been put in place. The rest will be a matter of implementation: taking fundamental rights into account when drafting and executing European legislation; invoking these rights before the Court of Justice; lodging complaints with the European Court of Human Rights when the EU institutions, despite everything, failed to secure these rights. All very important, albeit that some may find the daily application of human rights not as sexy as the large constitutional questions of the past. So is this the 'end of history' for human rights? Quite the opposite. The best is yet to come!


Educational Poster Background: Frostbite is a spectrum of localized cold thermal injuries as a result of severe cold exposure and tissue freezing. These injuries can be challenging for clinicians to treat as they can vary in clinical presentation. Clinical examination alone is not helpful in determining the extent of injury, and diagnostic imaging, particularly angiography, is extremely helpful in guiding management and delineating treatment. If not identified and treated early, the effects of frostbite are detrimental and can have significant negative impacts on limb functionality and the quality of life of those effected. Historically, the poor prognosis of this phenomenon leads to inevitable surgical amputation as traditional treatments are unable to mitigate the perpetual tissue ischemia and eventual tissue loss. Intra-arterial tissue plasminogen (tPA) thrombolysis has recently been employed by interventional radiology as a successful treatment option for frostbite as it prevents the formation of microvascular thrombosis and maintains adequate blood flow to the peripheral structures. Here, we present example cases of intra-arterial tPA thrombolysis as an effective treatment for frostbite and outline the clinical presentations, diagnostic imaging, and posttreatment outcomes. Consultation with interventional radiology, especially at the initial clinical evaluation, can aid clinicians in decision-making and guide appropriate imaging and treatments to better delineate effective and efficient disease management and hopefully delay or even prevent surgical amputation and permanent injury.


This paper explores how poverty affects childbearing patterns in the contemporary developing world. In considering the association between poverty and fertility we explore one measure of economic status household asset holdings in Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 51 countries since 1990. The results show that the association between poverty and fertility differs according to the measure of fertility considered. We conclude there is much to be gained from distinguishing between the impact of poverty on fertility aspirations and the implementation of those aspirations. Differentials in fertility aspirations are less common and smaller in magnitude than differentials in the implementation of aspirations. Fertility aspirations reflect strategizing about fertility that is embedded in broader strategizing about the future well-being of individuals and households. For multiple reasons this strategizing need not result in a sharp and monotonic association between fertility aspirations and household economic status. In exploring the literature on poverty we find a growing interest in the role of social capital and how it contributes to the maintenance or attenuation of poverty. The poverty literature could benefit from the considerable body of work on fertility that has articulated a central role of social capital. Moreover our understanding of the association between poverty and fertility would be strengthened by more attention to the role of social capital. (authors)


The parameter k appearing in Politzer's energy relation for atoms E=kVNe, which connects the total electronic energy E of a given atom with its nuclear–electronic interaction energy VNe, has been determined systematically using the near Hartree–Fock data given by Clementi for a wide variety of atoms and ions. It turns out that k for an isoelectronic series of atoms approaches 0.5, which is appropriate to a hydrogenlike atom. It has been found that the general pattern of k vs Z curves can be explained very well by Slater's simple model for electronic structure of atoms with the idea of a screening effect due to inner electrons upon outer electrons.


Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis (IGCM) diagnostics is based on differential patterns of inflammatory cell infiltration, and multinucleated giant cells (GCs) in histological sections of endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs). However, the sampling error is high for the detection of focally GCs by histopathology. We report on a clinical evaluation of a recently published method for improved differential diagnosis of this frequently fatal disease by myocardial gene expression profiling.

 This is to improve the diagnostics of IGCM by gene expression profiling, and to demonstrate the feasibility of this method in clinical practice in a large cohort of patients.

 In this multicenter study, EMBs of n=427 patients with clinically acute cardiac decompensation and suspected acute myocarditis were screened (mean age 47.03±15.69 years). In each patient, EMBs were analyzed by histology, immunohistology, molecular virology, and gene expression profiling.

 Out of the total of n=427 patient samples examined, GCs could be detected in 26 cases (6.0%) by histology. An established myocardial gene profile – consisting of 27 genes – was revealed resulting in a specified profile of 5 genes (chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6); carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20)) which identified histologically proven IGCM with high specificity in 25 of the 26 patients (96.2%). Applying this newly established profiling on the remaining patient samples, additional n=31 (7.3%) patients were identified for IGCM without any histological proof of myocardial GCs.

 Myocardial gene expression profiling is a reliable method in clinical practice to predict IGCM even without direct histological proof of GCs in EMB section. The gene profiling is of high clinical relevance to overcome the sampling error of purely histological examination, and to control the effectiveness of the therapy. The data clearly show the importance to take EMB in unexplained acute decompensation to get a diagnosis and improve the prognosis.


AbstractThis study focuses on the introduction of a new biodiesel resource, Kachnar seed oil (KSO). The raw oil was extracted from the seed by Soxhlet extraction. The composition of fatty acids and...


We report a comparative analysis of non-halogenated surface-active
ionic liquids (SAILs), which consists of the surface-active anion, 2-ethylhexyl
sulfate, and the phosphonium, and imidazolium cations i.e., tetrabutylphosphonium ([P4444]+),
trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium ([P66614]+), and
1-methyl-3-hexylimidazolium ([C6C1IM]+). We
explored the thermal and electrochemical properties, i.e., degradation, melting and
crystallization temperatures, and ionic conductivity of this new class of IL. These
SAILs were tested as an electrolyte in a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-based
supercapacitor at various temperatures from 253 to 373 K. The electrochemical
performance of different SAILs by varying the cationic core as a function of
temperature were compared, in the same MWCNT-based supercapacitor. We found
that the supercapacitor cell with [C6C1IM][EHS] shown
high specific capacitance (Celec in F g-1), a high energy density (E in Wh kg-1),
and a high power density (P in kW kg-1) when compared to those for the other SAILs i.e. [P4444][EHS],
[P66614][EHS], and [N8888][EHS] at all temperatures. The supercapacitor with an
MWCNT-based electrode and [C6C1IM][EHS], [P4444][EHS],
and [P66614][EHS] as an electrolyte showed a specific capacitance of
148, 90, and 47 F g-1 (at the scan rate of 2 mV s-1) with
an energy density of 82, 50, and 26 Wh kg-1 (at 2 mV s-1)
respectively, at 298 K. The temperature effect can be seen by the three to
four-fold increase in the specific capacitance of the cell and the energy
density values, i.e., 290, 198, and 114 F g-1 (at 2 mV s-1)
and 161, 110, and 63 Wh kg-1 (at 2 mV s-1), respectively,
at 373 K. This study reveals that these new SAILs specifically [C6C1IM][EHS]
and [P4444][EHS] can potentially be used as electrolytes in the wide
range of temperature. The solution resistance (Rs),
charge transfer resistance (Rct), and equivalent series resistance (ESR) also decreased with an
increase in temperature for all SAILs as electrolytes. These new SAILs can explicitly
be used for high-temperature (wide range of temperature) electrochemical
applications, such as efficient supercapacitors for high energy storage due to
enhanced specific capacitance, energy, and power density at elevated
temperatures.


Long shelf life tomato landraces are widely used in the Mediterranean area, especially in Italy with "Da Serbo" tomato, Catalonia with "Penjar" tomato and in the Balearic Islands with "Ramallet" tomato. This varieties have a mutation in the NAC.NOR gene (alcobaca, non-ripening) which gives them a postharvest of over 6 months. Popular beliefs indicate that the conservation and quality of these varieties is bettered under water stress. The objective of this project is to describe the evolution of the quality of the different traditional LSL European landraces and evaluate the effect of water stress on postharvest behavior. The study was conducted with 27 traditional varieties and 2 modern varieties, cultivated under 2 different hydric regimes (deficient and normal irrigation). Of each treatment, the loss of weight was monthly measured. At 0, 3 and 6 months, the firmness of the fruit was measured with a Durofel Agrosta, the color was measured with a colorimeter Konica Minolta CR-400 and a chemical analysis was done to quantify the total soluble solid, pH, titratable acidity and dry weight. The data was analyzed with ANOVA, PCA and Pearson correlations using the software SPSS. The results showed that deficient irrigation increases the quality of the fruits of the varieties studied, having at the time of harvest, higher values of total soluble solid, dry weight and titratable acidity. The negative effect of water stress was seen in a significative reduction of the fruits firmness. The comparison between traditional varieties (origins) showed that there were significative differences for many variables, meaning that each variety has a different physicochemical profile. The analysis of the evolution of each parameter during postharvest revealed that the biggest loss of weight and reduction of firmness was during the first month of the postharvest. At the same time, the fruits tended to lose their red coloration (reduction of parameter a*) and increased significantly their yellow coloration (incrementation of parameter b*) during postharvest. Regarding the composition of the fruit, a decrease in the acidity value and the dry matter during the whole period studied was observed. The total soluble solids content tended to increase (normal irrigation) or not change (deficit irrigation) during the first 3 months postharvest, and then decreased in both treatments. Finally, the principal component analysis allowed to identify genotypes with very high values of soluble solids and dry matter, as well as the parameters with greater capacity to discriminate between postharvest time.


This study is based on the data of fishing conditions collected from tuna-fishing boats and the morphometric measurements carried out from October 1949 to July 1953 at the Tokyo and Yaizu fish markets. As the result, the following conclusions are presumed as to the fishing conditions and size compositions of Makajiki caught by the long-line in the Pacific Area. I) It is considered that the main fishing grounds of this fish can be divided latitudinally and seasonally into the followingthree in the Western Pacific Area. A) The North Pacific Fishing Ground (north of 30°N Lat.) ........ Autumn-Winter Fishing Ground.


Consumption of metabolizable energy (ME) and plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were studied in lactating scanblack mink in the period from 1991 to 1994. In 1994, the plasma concentrations of insulin were also investigated. The objectives of the study were to describe the daily ME consumption and the plasma concentrations of T3, T4 and insulin during lactation and to evaluate the factors that influence ME consumption, and the concentrations of T3, T4 and insulin. The factors included were dam age, dam body weight, litter size and litter weight. The daily consumption was recorded from 72 dams in 85 lactations. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals. Dam body weights were recorded before blood sampling and at days 14, 28, and 42 post partum. Kit body weights were recorded at parturition, and at days 14, 28, and 42 post partum. Between the first and the fourth weeks post partum, there was a steady increase in daily ME consumption from 1095 kJ to 1796 kJ. During the fi...


We consider the problem of selecting informative observations in Gaussian graphical models containing both cycles and nuisances. More specifically, we consider the subproblem of quantifying conditional mutual information measures that are nonlocal on such graphs. The ability to efficiently quantify the information content of observations is crucial for resource-constrained data acquisition (adaptive sampling) and data processing (active learning) systems. While closed-form expressions for Gaussian mutual information exist, standard linear algebraic techniques, with complexity cubic in the network size, are intractable for high-dimensional distributions. We investigate the use of embedded trees for computing nonlocal pairwise mutual information and demonstrate through numerical simulations that the presented approach achieves a significant reduction in computational cost over inversion-based methods.


For the generation of accurate warnings for dangerous road conditions, road weather models typically depend on observations from road weather stations (RWS) at fixed locations along roads and highways. Observations at higher resolution in space and time have the potential to provide more localized, real-time weather warnings. The rise of connected vehicles with onboard sensing capabilities opens up exciting new opportunities in this field. For this purpose, a heterogeneous group of industrial stakeholders and researchers consisting of more than thirty partners from seven countries including Belgium, initiated the CELTIC-NEXT project "Secure and Accurate Road Weather Services" (SARWS). The goal of SARWS is to provide real-time weather services by expanding observational data from traditional RWS sources with data from large-scale vehicle fleets. The Belgian consortium consists of Verhaert New Products & Services, Be-Mobile, Inuits, bpost, imec - IDLab (University of Antwerp) and the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMI). Within the Belgian consortium, the focus is on the use of vehicle data to enable real-time warning services for potentially dangerous local weather and road surface conditions. The vehicle fleet consists of cars of the Belgian Post Group (bpost) in the region around Antwerp, and will consist of 15 cars by the end of summer 2021. Data on vehicle dynamics, such as wheel speed, are gathered from the vehicle's CAN bus, while an additional installed sensor box collects air temperature, relative humidity and road surface temperature observations. Data on wipers and fog light activation, and camera images are also collected.

We present the Belgian SARWS setup, data flow, and the developed data distribution platform. We discuss validation results for 2021, comparing car sensor observations to close RWS and weather stations, focusing mainly on air temperature, humidity and road surface temperature, and show the need for calibration and bias correction. We also demonstrate an experimental version of the RMI road weather model that provides short-term road weather forecasts for 50-meter road segments, using car sensor data for initialization, and compare with road weather forecasts at nearby station locations. We also demonstrate machine learning approaches that are explored to detect weather information from the vehicle dynamics.


This paper describes the originally discourse-run distribution of three morphemes and their role in the acquisition of subject morphology in Boruca, a Chibchan language of Costa Rica. At first sight the three morphemes appear not to have anything in common, but on closer inspection they turn out to be part of a current process of morphological differentiation of subjects. The analysis reveals a different route to the acquisition of coding properties, named here informational, as the forms and functions affected by the process of grammaticalization of coding properties stem from markers of information-structure statuses/relations of participants.


This paper examines the role of mining regulation and its enforcement, principally in Western Australia. It begins by describing the activities of the Mines Inspectorate and then raising a series of concerns relating to the limitations of the regulatory status quo. In particular it examines the extent to which the Department of Industry and Resources (DoIR) inspectors rely on detailed prescriptive requirements to the detriment of performance and systems based approaches; the extent to which the DoIR audit process fails to monitor adequately the effectiveness of OHS management systems; the extent to which DoIR inspectors failed to consult adequately with worker representatives; the limitations of the inspectorate's current approach to enforcement action; and whether the inspectorate was sufficiently independent of the companies it regulated. It concludes with some broader reflections in response to the DoIR's vision of best regulatory practice, and by raising some practical issues concerning the lack of adequate regulatory resources.


typing (MLST) type ST116. PFGE showed highly similar gel patterns with less than three band differences, indicating a clonal relationship. The resistance profile encoded by the resistance genes vanA, tet(M) and erm(B) has previously been reported in clonally related VREF from human patients, broilers and a dog in New Zealand. VREF has never been isolated from retail meat in Denmark, even though retail samples of pork, broiler meat and beef have been collected in Denmark for the past 11 years. Turkey meat, on the other hand, has not been routinely sampled in DANMAP. Thus, only 67 turkey meat samples (in DANMAP 1997 and DANMAP 2001) have been collected. The finding of 0.7% vancomycin resistance in E. faecalis from imported turkey meat may seem low, but the finding of clonally related VREF from faecal samples from human volunteers during the same period and a hospitalized patient a couple of years before suggests imported turkey meat as a source for VREF in humans. The patient with the allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was treated with several antimicrobial agents that may have selected for the VREF infection. The patient had VREF-positive faecal swabs that could indicate a faecal origin of the VREF blood infection. An E. faecalis isolate with MLST type ST116 has only been detected once before in the MLST database consisting of 350 E. faecalis isolates, i.e. from a catheter from a patient in Havana, Cuba (Rob Willems, University Medical Center Utrecht, personal communication). Whether this type is more likely to cause infection is unknown. In the European Union, avoparcin has not been approved for use in animal production since 1999, whereas tetracyclines and macrolides are extensively used for animal production and also for the treatment of infections in humans. The use of tetracycline and macrolide may co-select for VREF. To our knowledge, vanA-positive E. faecalis isolates have not been previously detected in healthy humans in the community or in retail meat in Europe. In conclusion, imported turkey meat containing VREF may be a source of VREF in the gut of healthy human subjects. The VREF from the intestine can cause infections if an individual is intensively treated with antimicrobial agents due to other severe illness.


Based on request of teaching outline of soil mechanics,a multimedia courseware was developed for soil mechanics adopting the computer technology and the advanced multimedia web technology.The courseware including text,images,animation and so on,can vividly illustrate the abstract meaning which can not express directly in words.


In a summer half year, there are two rainy seasons ; Changma (early summer rainy season) and Kaul Changma (early autumn rainy season) in Korean Peninsular, correspond-ing with Baiu and Shurin respectively in Japanese Islands and with Maiyu in early summer in China. In this paper, the writer analysed two rainy seasons by employing the occurrence frequency of bad weather index (Lee, 1974) and synoptical bad weather day. The bad weather day was classified synoptically as follows (Fig. 2) ; 1) rainy bad weather day (_??_ sign in Fig. 2) ; the day with ≥1.0 mm of precipi-tation, ≥threshold value of daily cloud amount and ≤ threshold value of sunshine duration or the day with ≥ 1.0 mm of precipitation and ≥threshold value of daily cloud amount. 2) cloudy bad weather day or scanty rainy bad weather day (_??_ sign) ; the day with ≥ threshold value of daily cloud amount and ≤ threshold value of sunshine duration. 3) showery bad weather day (⊕ sign) ; the day with ≥ 1.0 mm of precipitation and ≥ threshold value of sunshine duration or the day with ≥ 1.0 mm of preci-pitation. 4) cloudy bad weather day (_??_ sign) ; the day with ≤ threshold value of daily cloud amount. 5) scanty sunshine bad weather day (_??_sign) ; the day of C threshold value of sun-shine duration. The determination of the threshold values was referred to in the previous paper (1974). Though the beginning of Changma is very irregular year to year, it dates on June 24 normally. The end of Changma dates on the second decade of July in the southern region and on the last decade of July in the central region of Korean Peninsular. The phenomenon of Changma gradually moves to north as the polar front advances to higher latitude. The seasonal trend of Changma has a various pattern according to the meridional shifting of the polar front (Fig. 5 and Fig. 2). The phenomenon of seasonal intermission of summer by returning of the polar front from higher latitude is also a typical bad weather situation of summer season. Kaul Changma is a natural seasonal phenomenon which is caused by the stagnation of cold front from higher latitude and the stationary front. But, the Maul Changma season has shorter duration than the Changma season and its seasonal trend is very irregular year to year. In some years, Kaul Changma fails to appear. Owing to the direct influence of the continental anticyclone, there is almost no autumn rainy season in China. In Japanese Islands, the Shurin season is much longer and receives plenty of precipitation because it is also a typhoon season. Put its appear-ence pattern is intermittent according to the stagnation of southward shifting cold front from higher latitude and the stationary front, and the bad weather climatic situation is very irregular year to year. The position of polar front is intimately related to the advance and retreat of the North Pacific anticyclone as is shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.


Multichannel seismic reflection data over the axial region of the East Pacific Rise are depth migrated using detailed velocity information from laboratory measurements of ophiolite samples. The data are from the Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory's line 17 shot across the rise at 9/sup 0/N. The migrated data are interpreted to show the structure of the seafloor and what we believe is the magma chamber roof. The polarity and apparent root mean squared velocity of the magma chamber roof are asymmetric with respect to the topographic axis of the ridge. The asymmetry is probably real and not an artifact of data collection. Modeling of the magnetic data gathered along the line shows that spreading has not been proceeding normally. A reasonable explanation for the asymmetry is the possibility that the line intersects a transform fault or an abandoned ridge segment near the ridge axis. The shape of the roof reflection is convex upward with an approximate slope of 10/sup 0/ and a width of 4 km. If extrapolated symmetrically to the other side of the ridge axis, the magma chamber roof event is consistent with the funnel-shaped chamber proposed by Pallister and Hopson (1981) for the Samail ophiolite. If the chambermore » roof steepens rapidly beyond the extent of the reflection, it would be consistent with the mush-filled model of Sleep (1975, 1978) and Dewey and Kidd (1977).« less


for democracy promotion evaluators, it can also be a useful handbook for graduate and postgraduate students working on their theses. Nevertheless, due to its strictly specialized nature and its non-involvement with theoretical debates it is less likely to be included in broader academic curricula, unless for a specialized course on evaluating democracy assistance. However, it seems that the book unwittingly raises the issue of mismatched policy and academic research, even if it does not go beyond pinpointing or provide solutions for bridging the gaps. A more inquisitive reader may be left without much-needed answers, since the book neither discusses the impact of nor actually evaluates democracy assistance. Nevertheless, providing the results of evaluation or essentially evaluating democracy assistance is beyond the scope of this book, even if anticipation of such arises from its title. Yet the theoretical impact of the book should not be underestimated, since it creates ample grounds for further research and provides academics and inquisitive readers with applicable tools for advancing the studies on, and perhaps understanding the impact of, democracy assistance.


Embodiments of a Doherty power amplifier that maintain efficiency over a large operating average power range are disclosed.In one embodiment,the Doherty power amplifier includes reconfigurable main and auxiliary output matching networks and a fixed combining network.The reconfigurable main and auxiliary output matching networks can be reconfigured such that together the reconfigurable main output matching network,the reconfigurable auxiliary output matching network,and the fixed combining network provide proper load modulation for multiple different back-off power levels. As a result,the Doherty power amplifier maintains high efficiency over an extended back-off power level range.


Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of curcumin induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cell.Methods: Cell viability was determined by MTT assay,the apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry,caspase activity was assayed,and cytoplasmic cytochrome C and Akt signaling pathway activity was assayed by Western-blot in lung cancer cells.Results: Twenty μmol/L or more concentrations of curcumin treatment on A549 cells for 48 hours significantly inhibited the cell activity,significantly induced apoptosis;curcumin treatment for 24 hours significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential,cytochrome C secretion increased,caspase-9 and-3 activity was significantly enhanced,while phosphorylation of Akt was significantly decreased.Conclusion: Inhibition of Akt signaling pathway activity and eventually induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis may be an important mechanism of curcumin-induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells.


The superconducting tape is disclosed including a substrate, a buffer layer overlying the substrate, a superconductor layer overlying the buffer layer, and electroplating the stabilization layer overlying the superconductor layer. In addition, to the part, the method for manufacturing the same and methods of using them, including the superconducting tape is disclosed. The tape that is provided to the AC loss, it is particularly suitable for placement on the attenuation of the AC loss of critical components, such as rotary machines. Substrate, buffer layer, superconductor layer, stabilization layer, a superconducting tape


The well known reduction in growth rate of cold-acclimated rats has been shown to depend on a decreased gain in total body fat, without change in the gain in lean body weight. This has been observed in rats fed Lab Chow or a high-fat diet ad libitum. In those groups fed a high-carbohydrate diet ad libitum or calorie-restricted high-fat or high-carbohydrate diets, exposure to cold had no effect on the gain in neither total body weight nor lean body weight, which were already reduced by the diet; in those animals, the significant decrease in the gain in total body fat upon exposure to cold was compensated by a slight but unsignificant increase in the gain in lean body weight, so that differences in gain in total body weight were not significant.


Most traditional methods of image sentiment analysis focus on the design of visual features, and the usefulness of texts associated to the images have not been sufficiently investigated. Heterogeneous transfer learning has recently gained much attention as a new machine learning paradigm in which knowledge can be transferred from source domain feature space to target domain feature space. This paper proposes a novel approach that exploits deep latent correlation between visual and textual modalities. In our proposed method, we build a latent embedding space for symmetric heterogeneous feature transfer. The latent space is able to generate domain-specific and maximally correlative cross-domain features which are regarded as the semantic-intensive visual feature representation and used to train sentiment polarity classifiers. The results of experiments conducted on real-world data sets show that the proposed approach can achieve better sentiment classification accuracy by using multi-layer neural network to capture deeper internal relations.


In recent years pan-resistant microbes have begun to pose a significant risk, particularly in clinical settings. To combat this emerging threat new antimicrobial therapies are required. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising, and until recently, mostly underutilized resource. A large number of AMPs have been experimentally identified and predicted, very few of them are approved for clinical use, but thousands more may be hiding in plain sight in various databases. Machine learning offers a powerful technique to mine already available protein sequences for those with high potential to exhibit antimicrobial properties. This work is focused on creating and testing a novel set of descriptors based on reduced amino acid residue alphabets, structural, and topological properties of AMPs. These novel descriptors were used in the development of machine learning models capable of discriminating AMPs from non-AMPs. Such models may be used to screen proteins with known structures for potential antimicrobial activity.


Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common endocrine disorder in pregnancy and the number of pregnant women resistant to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has increased significantly in recent years. In this study, we investigated the extent of resistance to OGTT screening in pregnant women followed-up in our hospital and the effect of this situation on the newborn. Material and Method: Pregnant women and their babies who were followed up regularly for 25 months (December 1, 2015- December 31, 2017) in the obstetrics and gynecology clinic of our hospital were included in our study. The relationship between OGTT and clinicopathological findings was analyzed. Results: The cesarean (C/S) delivery rate was significantly lower in the babies of mothers who did not have the OGTT test (p <0.05). Also, the rate of hospitalization of the babies of mothers who had OGTT test and who did not have gestational diabetes was significantly lower than the rate of hospitalization in all groups (p <0.05). In the risk analysis, it was seen that OGTT was an independent risk factor for C/S delivery (OR=1.28, p=0.015). Conclusion: Our study shows that resistance to OGTT is quite strong and this situation leads to an increase in C/S and hospitalization of newborns. Our results suggest that these scans that cannot be performed may bring along unidentified problems.


Several non‐invasive Raman spectroscopy‐based assays have been reported for rapid and sensitive detection of pathogens. We developed a novel statistical model for the detection of RNA viruses in saliva, based on an unbiased selection of a set of 65 Raman spectral features that mostly attribute to the RNA moieties, with a prediction accuracy of 91.6% (92.5% sensitivity and 88.8% specificity). Furthermore, to minimize variability and automate the downstream analysis of the Raman spectra, we developed a GUI‐based analytical tool "RNA Virus Detector (RVD)." This conceptual framework to detect RNA viruses in saliva could form the basis for field application of Raman Spectroscopy in managing viral outbreaks, such as the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. (http://www.actrec.gov.in/pi-webpages/AmitDutt/RVD/RVD.html).


Abstract. Japanese privet (Ligustrum japonicum) is widely planted as an ornamental and shade tree in Mexico. In 2017 we discovered lepidopterous larvae causing severe defoliation on ornamental privet in Saltillo, Mexico. It was preliminarily identified as Palpita sp. using external morphology. Larvae were reared to obtain adults that were identified as the four-spotted moth, P. quadristigmalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) using morphology of the genitalia and COI sequences. A comparison with similar species is provided. Larvae of P. quadristigmalis, are defoliators and leaf-folders of trees and shrubs, and among their main hosts are olives and privets (Oleaceae). This is the first confirmed report of P. quadristigmalis causing economic damage in Mexico.


Blue Star Service Flags note the military service of a family member. They began during World War I. One early such flag hung in the Erie home of USS Wolverine sailor William H. Stine. Stine, the flag, and their history is discussed as a way for the Homefront to quietly, proudly, and publicly, note the service of a loved one.


AbstractIn this paper a research study is described which was conducted in an attempt to determine the relationship between cognitive style and a student's ability to program. The results support the hypothesis that analytic decision makers tend to perform better on programming exams than heuristic decision makers. The sample included thirty-five students in an introductory-level data processing course at a major midwestern university.


The Socialist society had a clear idea on an education and on a direction of the development of children as the future generation. Children were expected to become physically and morally developed citizens according to the requirements of the then government in power. Even though the governing political representation promoted the claim that social problems were a capitalist advancement and had no place in the socialist society, the opposite was true. The idea of the perfect society without social problems was only a political bubble, bursting of which, besides other areas, was very quickly manifested also in lives of some children and youth in a form of a delinquency. The contribution aims to describe the activities of social workers and social curators of the national committees in terms of a social and post-penitentiary care for difficult youngsters in Slovakia in the 1970s.


The structure of hadrons (protons) and the dynamics of their interaction are usually studied in collisional experiments by exploring hard single parton–parton scattering described in terms of structure functions (single-particle distributions). Completely new and unique information comes from the selection and analysis of events in which two (or more) hard parton scatterings concurrently occur in a single (Tevatron; FermiLab, USA) or pp (LHC; CERN, Switzerland) collision. The simulation of such double (multiple) parton scatterings involves two-parton (multiparton) distribution functions. Properties of these functions, which may be extracted from quantum chromodynamics, are reviewed.


Congestion charges are to be introduced in central London, UK in February 2003. The Commission for Integrated Transport has suggested that road charging should be introduced nationally using satellite and 'black box' technology to levy charges. The London system will use cameras to read number plates, which will be checked against a database. Drivers will buy credit for their cars from shops. The technical challenges posed by the system proposed by the Commission for Integrated Transport are considered. Such a system would involve three firms: a telecoms firm, a company to provide the information and a company to handle the interface between the two. There is a limited amount of profit for each company. Ertico was set up in 1991 by the European Commission to support the introduction of intelligent transport systems and to improve communications between the public and private sectors. Ertico is neutral on the subject of road charging. The UK equivalent of Ertico, the Intelligent Transport Society, sees the main challenge as public acceptance.


Pollen morphology of 11 taxa, including 2 endemic of the genus Aethionema W.T. Aiton from Turkey was examined under light and scanning electron microscopes. The pollens of Aethionema are mostly isopolar and bilaterally symmetric; spheroidal, prolate, perprolate and subprolate with the polar axes 14.07-26.41 μm and the equatorial axes 7.85-22.02 μm; mostly tricolpate, rarely 2-colpate; surface ornamentation is micro or macro reticulate. The exine thickness varies between 0.66 and 1.91 μm, and in tine thickness ranges from 0.27 to 0.85 μm. It is found that dimension of pollen grains, surface ornamentation, apocolpidium and amb diameter are taxonomically significant. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24 (2): 197-204.


BACKGROUND
Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease. Over the past decade, the prevalence of smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked per day have decreased in Canada. Using a contemporary cohort of Canadian men and women, this study measured associations between smoking, smoking cessation and heart disease.

METHODS
The study is based on nine cycles of data (1994/1995 through 2010/2011) from the National Population Health Survey, which collected information on smoking status every two years. The study sample consists of 4,712 men and 5,715 women aged 25 or older and free from heart disease in 1994/1995. Heart disease was determined by self-report of diagnosis, medication for, or death from heart disease. Relative risks of incident heart disease were compared among current daily smokers, former daily smokers, and those who never smoked daily.

RESULTS
Compared with those who had never smoked daily, current daily smokers had a 60% higher risk of incident heart disease during the follow-up period. The risks were lower among current daily smokers who consumed fewer cigarettes. Although smoking cessation was associated with a lower risk of heart disease, 20 or more years of continuous cessation were required for the risk to approach that of people who never smoked daily.

INTERPRETATION
Smoking cessation and cutting down the number of cigarettes smoked per day reduce the risk of heart disease.


During their training in IUFMs (university teacher training institutes), the trainee teachers in primary and secondary education show a lack of acceptance of the institutional injunction to reflect on practices, which is a strong aspect of their professionalization. Analysis of this reluctance makes it possible to understand how teachers "make themselves," and "are made," through professional socialization similar to entry into other professions, while also having the distinctive characteristic of happening in a familiar universe of primary socialization. Trainee practices and representations vary markedly in this socializing process, particularly among the PE2 (primary school) and PLC2 (lycee) physical education teachers interviewed.


Current practice (2009) for seismic analysis of embankment dams relies heavily on empirical correlations with penetration resistance (standard penetration test or cone penetration test) to predict the residual undrained shear strength of liquefied foundation materials. At least six such relationships have been published for the SPT alone, in different "formats." Some apply a fines adjustment to the SPT blowcounts, but others do not; some express the predicted strength as a ratio with pre-earthquake effective overburden stress, whereas others predict it directly, without explicit consideration of overburden. For the foundations of embankment dams, the difference between the strength-ratio approach and prediction of Sur directly, from the SPT alone, can be important. In this paper, the underlying assumptions and data are reviewed critically, including the effects of different material types and different mechanisms governing the strength. Simplified statistical analyses were applied in attempt to determine the most appropriate format for a correlation and to obtain a new correlation that explicitly accounts for both overburden and blowcount.


Background The extraction of impacted third molars is commonly associated to pain, edema, trismus, limited jaw opening and movements. The aim of this retrospective study is to verify if pre-surgical low-level laser therapy (LLLT) associated with the extraction of impacted lower third molars could add benefits to the postoperative symptoms respect LLLT performed only after surgery. Material and Methods Data from 45 patients subjected to a surgical extraction of lower third molars were pooled and divided into three groups. Patients that received only routine management were inserted in the control group. Group 1, were patients that received LLLT immediately after surgery and at 24 hours. In group 2 were included patients treated with LLLT immediately before the extraction and immediately after the end of the procedure. Data were analyzed using linear regression and descriptive statistics. Results Both laser-treated groups were characterized by minor events of post-surgery complications of pain, edema, trismus. The use of NSAIDs in the first 24 hours was significantly inferior in Group 2. Conclusions Pre-surgical LLLT treatment seems to increase the analgesic effect of LLLT. However, trismus and edema were reduced in both laser treated groups, independently from the period of irradiation. Key words:Laser, LLLT, pain, surgery, extraction, third molars, wisdom teeth.


Aim: To assess the trips made by Emergency Medical Teams due to injuries (ICD-10 code: S) completed by Voivodeship Medical Rescue Teams in Katowice in 2018.
Material and methods: Analysis of the characteristics of the trips was done based on information contained on "Emergency ambulance travel cards". Statistical analysis was carried out using the t-Student, ANOVA variance as well as the Tukey post-hoc tests (p<0.05).
Results: The whole number of trips made by the Emergency Medical Teams in the Silesian Voivodeship totalled 211,896, of which due to the reported injury, the total number of trips was 202,946 cases (183,827 calls were in town – 91%; 19,119 calls were out of town – 9%; p<0.05). The most common cause for calls were due to head injuries (S03 – dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments of the head as well as S04 – cranial nerve injuries). Statistically significant differences in the number of trips depending on cause identification (p<0.05) were determined, as well as in comparison to the number of cases identified as S03 and S04 between the in town and out of town territory (p<0.05). The median arrival time to an in town site was 7 minutes and 42 second, whereas in out of town sites it was 13 minutes and 19 seconds.
Conclusion: The characteristics of the trips made by Emergency Medical Teams depends on the time, and what is affected by organizational changes in the emergency medical system.


(73) 21 Assignee: Appl. No.: 831,579 22 Filed: Feb. 7, 1992 (30) Foreign Application Priority Data Feb. 13, 1991 JP Japan ................................. 3-105247 51 int. Cli.............................................. C08G 18/60 52 U.S. C. .................................... 525/454; 525/420; 525/424; 525/459 58) Field of Search ................ 525/454, 459, 420, 424 56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,767,827 8/1988 Iwatsuki et al. .................... 525/420 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 1288401 9/1972 United Kingdom . OTHER PUBLICATIONS Patent Abstracts of Japan vol. 16 No. 437 (C-984)(5480) Sep. 11, 1992. Primary Examiner-Harold D. Anderson Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Nixon & Vanderhye 57 ABSTRACT An artificial hair made of a fibers comprising a poly-aamino acid derivative insoluble to water and alcohols and represented by one of the following general formu lae (1)-(4): US005283297A 11 Patent Number: 5,283,297 45 Date of Patent: Feb. 1, 1994


A first multi-proxy multi-signcryption scheme from pairings, which efficiently combines a multi-proxy multi-signature scheme with a signcryption, is proposed. Its security is analyzed in detail. In our scheme, a proxy signcrypter group could be authorized as a proxy agent by the cooperation of all members in the original signcrypter group. Then the proxy signcryptions can be generated by the cooperation of all the signcrypters in the authorized proxy signcrypter group on behalf of the original signcrypter group. The correctness and the security of this scheme are proved.


Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are
increasingly used as the main source for Positioning, Navigation
and Timing (PNT) information for maritime and inland water
applications. With the rising availability of cheap jamming
devices such as Personal Privacy Devices (PPD), there is real
threat to GNSS based navigation. Therefore, it becomes of upmost
importance to estimate the accuracy of the satellite signals, even
under disturbance.
The presented work examines the influence of jamming on
the noise of the signals and if it can be modeled. Laboratory
experiments showed that it is possible to accurately estimate
the noise in jamming conditions which is even consistent with
undisturbed measurements. Hence, the derived model describes
the noise of GNSS signals in scenarios with and without jamming.
It uses the elevation angles of the satellites and the Signal-toNoise Ratio (SNR) of its signals to estimate the respective noise.
The parameters of the model are calculated by fitting them to
real measurement data of scenarios with different amount of
jamming. The initial results show that this model estimates the
noise of the signals better than classic weighting schemes using
only the elevation angles or just the SNR.
This shows the potential of the model to be used in multisensor fusion scheme as a weighting scheme in an iterative least
squares position solver or as a variance estimator in a Kalman
filter in demanding environments.


The purpose of this study was to determine whether attitude, health consciousness, and environmental concern play a significant role in the purchase intention of organic food in Jakarta. This study employed the survey method, with data collected via questionnaire. The data for this study was collected from 200 organic food consumers using the convenience sampling technique, and the data was then analyzed using SMARTPLS. According to the findings of this study, attitude, health consciousness, and environmental concern all have a positive and significant impact on the purchase intention of organic food in Jakarta. This research is expected to filling research gaps on consumer purchase intentions for organic food which is still relatively minimal among practitioners and academics with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is also expected to provide contribution to academics and practitioners about the effect of attitudes, health consciousness, and environmental concern and their effects on consumers purchase intention.


Thank you very much for reading divided houses religion and gender in modern france. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen books like this divided houses religion and gender in modern france, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer.


The adsorption and reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) by surface modified activated carbon (AC) in an aqueous solution was studied. The effects of surface modifications on the properties of the carbons were investigated by the analysis of specific surface area, carbon surface pH, acid/base surface values and functional groups. In order to understand the Cr(VI) adsorption and reduction ratio from Cr(VI) to Cr(III), the Cr adsorption capacity of AC was also measured and discussed by using inductively coupled plasma and UV spectrophotometer. The modifications bring about substantial variation in the chemical properties whereas the physical properties such as specific surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution nearly were not changed. Total Cr adsorption efficiency of as-received activated carbon (R-AC) and nitric acid treated activated carbon (N1-AC and N2-AC) were recorded on 98.2, 99.7 and 100%. Cr(III) reduction efficiency of R-AC increased largely from 0.4% to 28.3% compared to N1-AC and N2-AC.


This research paper is aimed at describing the implementation of teaching speaking using Natural Approach for the second year students of SMP AL ISLAM 1Surakarta in 2007/2008 Academic Year, and the problems faced by the teacher. The writer conducts a descriptive qualitative research. The data used in this research are derived from event, informant, and document analysis. The data are
quoted from the observation and interview with the teacher. Based on the data analysis, the writer draws some conclusions about teaching speaking using Natural Approach to the second year student of SMP AL ISLAM I Surakarta in 2007/2008 Academic Year as follows. First, Natural Approach
is implemented in teaching speaking. The goal of teaching is based on an assessment of students needs. The teacher determines the situations in which they will use the target language and the sorts of topics they will use the target language and the sorts of topics they will have to communicate information about. Second, the teacher`s problems in teaching learning process are student's mentality, the difference ability of the students, and difficulty to handle the large class.


18 We present a Recurrent Neural Network using LSTM (Long Short Term 19 Memory) units that is capable of modeling Local Field Potentials. We train 20 and test the network on real data recorded from patients. We construct 21 networks that are capable of modeling LFPs in single and multiple channels, 22 and can also model LFP dynamics after stimulation. 23 24


Objective To establish HPLC fingerprint of Zaorenanshen granules(traditional Chinese medicine)and correlativity analysis between fingerprint peaks of compound recipe and its relevant herbs.Methods The chromatographic fingerprints of compound recipe and the relevant herbs were configured by HPLC-DAD analysis.The relative deviation △t of retention time and the similarity of UV spectra of peaks were used as indices to evaluate the correlativity.Results Twenty-three common peaks were separated from compound recipe,of which 9 peaks were identified.Conclusions The method is stable and reliable and can make the initial judgment for the correlativity between compound recipe and its relevant herbs.This will provide a reference for the relationship between fingerprint peaks and pharmacodynamics.


Attention has been given to problem behaviors ranging from the sometimes fatal anorexia nervosa to the less lethal, but equally severe, test anxiety. Although generally simple to determine that such behaviors need to be changed, it is often impossible to decide the best form of treatment. Often, widely accepted tre~tment programs, fail due to individual circumstances. Therefore, a vast array of alternative therapies are needed. With the tremendous increase in psychotherapeutic techniques it is hard to stay abreast of the variety of strategies, and the effectiveness of a technique on a particular behavior is hard to gauge without looking at several applications. Michael J. Lambert's The Effects of Psychotherapy (vol. 2), is an excellent resource manual for assessing the effectiveness of numerous behavior modification techniques on a wide range of problem behaviors. This book, the second of its kind, summarizes research done in the last five years (see volume I for research before 1979). The Effects of Psychotherapy examines almost 700 studies and organizes them into categories providing both general and individual results of different therapeutic techniques for each problem category. His efforts were painstaking, and even though the book tends to read like the abstracts at times, the general sections and summaries are useful. The specific disorders that Lambert deals with are grouped into five headings: (1) miscellaneous neurotic disorders (i.e., anorexia nervosa, phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders), (2) depression, (3) psychophysical disorders (i.e., migranes, ulcers), (4) sexual dysfunctions and deviations (i.e., impotency, exhibitionism), and (5) habit disorders (i.e., smoking, obesity, substance abuse). He examines several techniques of therapy (i.e., aversion conditioning, biofeedback, behavior modification schedules and reports general results along with specific procedures. Unfortunately, Lambert's inquiry does not produce any novel conclusions. Lambert's (79) summ~ry of treatments for phobic disorders is representative of the "unmotivatingness" of research in the last five years:


This paper estimates structural labor demand equations separately for farm and non-farm enterprises in rural Madagascar. We adapt recent labor supply estimation methods that address the general unobservability of both wage rates – due to widespread selfemployment – and employers' non-wage costs of hiring workers in order to fill a significant void in the existing literature. Labor demand in rural Madagascar appears strongly increasing in enterprise owners' educational attainment, in enterprises' capital stock, and in communitylevel public goods. Furthermore, labor demand appears wage inelastic, especially in the non-farm sector where government labor market policies, such as minimum wage laws, are more commonly enforced. a USAID Madagascar b Department of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University. c Department of Economics, Lafayette College * David Stifel (email@example.com) is the corresponding author. The authors would like to thank the Institut National de la Statistique (INSTAT) of Madagascar and Cornell University's Ilo program for providing the data. This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada. 1 The Demand for Hired Labor in Rural Madagascar


In this paper, multivariable Smith predictor is designed in a decentralised sense for multivariable non-square systems with multiple time delays where the number of process inputs is higher than the number of process outputs. As the relative gain array method is not applicable for MIMO non-square processes, pairing for input and output variables is carried out using the block relative gain technique. The controllers are designed individually based on the corresponding process models. For the delay-compensated system, decentralised multivariable proportional-integral controllers are designed by simplified internal model control method. The proposed method is applied to shell standard control problem (three inputs and two outputs) and mixing tank (three inputs and two outputs) and the performance is compared with that of decentralised multivariable control system without any delay compensator. Simulation studies were carried out for both servo and regulatory problems. Robustness studies were carried out for uncertainty in all the process model parameters. The decentralised delay-compensated system with decentralised controllers showed better performance than that of uncompensated system.