Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters influences mineral weathering, nutrient cycling, aggregation of particulate matter and photochemical reactions in waters and aquatic communities. In this study, the effectiveness of UV and fluorescence measurements in distinguishing the origin of DOM and processes within the river basin were analyzed using the River Salaca basin as an example. The basin of River Salaca is characterized by low anthropogenic pressure, however, the water color during the last few decades has increased (an effect known as brownification). As tools to study the composition of dissolved organic substances in waters of the River Salaca and its tributaries the use of UV and fluorescence spectroscopy was evaluated. The use of the fluorescence index (a ratio of the emission intensity at a wavelength of 450 nm to that at 500 nm) allowed us to distinguish sources of aquatic DOM, characterize processes in the water body basin and to follow the changes in organic matter composition. Synchronous scan fluorescence spectrometry was more informative than excitation emission spectra and, provided information on the basic structural features of DOM.


ABSTRACT The present economic climate in Canada and, particularly, in Newfoundland has had crippling effects on small businesses. This is especially so in the case of those small businesses whose financial and management control systems are weak. This paper suggests a methodology to improve such control systems using modified zero base budgeting (ZBB) and inventory management processes.


Physiological changes in sugar cane caused by colonization Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli Ratoon stunting disease (RS) is a sugarcane disease whose causative agent is a pathogenic bacterium called Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli The pathogen establishes and colonizes xylem vascular bundles and can also be found in leaf sheath and mesophyll cells throughout the disease development in the plant. The disease not have specific symptoms, the main damage occurs in yield, where diseased plants have less tillers formation and growth. The impact of the disease on the field is directly associated with the growth of bacterial titers, which triggers physiological changes in the plant. However, the disease is still an enigma, lacking clarification as to how the disease affects sugarcane productivity or the disease induces water deficit or whether the symptoms of the disease are associated with nutritional imbalance in the plant. In this thesis, we seek to answer these hypotheses, seeking to better understand the disease from the study of plant physiology. Throughout the chapters studied, we found in chapter 1 that the colonization of the bacteria does not lead the plants to the state of water deficit. In chapter 2 we show that RS affects sugarcane productivity by altering its development and carbon partitioning in the plant. The sugarcane with high Lxx titers exhibited accumulated more sugar in the main stalk in function of the lower formation sinks due to the lower formation of tillers. In Chapter 3, we show that RS symptoms are also associated with a nutritional imbalance in the plant. Plants with RS showed an increase in sulfur (S), magnesium and calcium absorption. Increased absorption of S was accompanied by lower absorption of molybdenum from the root. Thus, symptoms of RS may be associated with increased absorption of S leading to molybdenum deficiency throughout plant development. Therefore, from this investigation, it was found that RS increases the water demand in the plant. In addition, the growth of bacterial titer in sugarcane alters the carbon partitioning and nutritional status of the plant.


This paper tries to relate Piaget's study about the causal explanations to the research carried out by the so called alternative conceptions movement. In this sense, a review of articles on the development of intuitive theories about the constitution of matter is carried out. The results obtained in Ruth Stavy's research about the change of state of matter are highlighted. Afterwards, a research about the state changes of iodine, which was carried out with the participation of teenagers and adults, is reported. The obtained results show different levels of reasoning presented by the individuals. By analysing the results one can conclude that individuals in more advanced levels presented notions of lawfulness based on empirical generalization, even though they had some difficulty to establish causal relationships that employ corpuscular models.


Abstract. The primary objective of this complex aerosol experiment was the measurement of microphysical, chemical, and optical properties of aerosol particles in the surface air layer and free atmosphere. The measurement data were used to retrieve the whole set of aerosol optical parameters, necessary for radiation calculations. Three measurement cycles were performed within the experiment during 2013: in spring, when the aerosol generation is maximal; in summer (July), when atmospheric boundary layer altitude and, hence, mixing layer altitude are maximal; and in late summer/early autumn, during the period of nucleation of secondary particles. Thus, independently obtained data on the optical, meteorological, and microphysical parameters of the atmosphere allow intercalibration and inter-complement of the data and thereby provide for qualitatively new information which explains the physical nature of the processes that form the vertical structure of the aerosol field.


Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma uric acid (PUA) level and cardiovascular risk factors for Chinese military flying personnel. Methods Six hundred and six flying personnel served as subjects and their blood pressure, height, weight, chest circumference (CC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) were measured. PUA, blood fat, blood glucose, carbonylamines, creatinine and other biochemical indicators were tested. The information,such as living habit, personal and family disease history, as well as workload in flight was got by questionnaire. PUA level was divided into four classes: ≤298, 299-357, 358-417 and >417μmol/L. The last one was taken as the clinical diagnostic standard for hyperuricemia. The relationship between PUA level and chosen risk factors was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Chi-square or t-test and multiple regression or binary logistic regression. Results The incidence of hyperuricemia was 16. 67% in Chinese military flying personnel. PUA levels were positively correlated with clinical biochemical parameters: TG, TC, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein 13 (ApoB), fasting blood glucose (FBG), creatinine, total protein, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bile acid (TBA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ALT(r=0.65, 0.24,0.22, 0.42, 0.29, 0.11, 0,33, 0.25, 0.17, 0.17, 0.11, 0.10 respectively). The mean values of these clinical biochemical flag parameters, corresponding to different PUA classes, were gradually increased with PUA level raise. PUA level was positively correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), CC, WC, HC, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r=0. 11, 0.24, 0. 19, 0. 19, 0. 17, 0. 14 respectively). The incidence of hyperuricemia is higher in the group of smoking cigarette ≥ 20 bars/day (x2 = 13.14, P<0.01 ) and in the group with family cardiovascular disease history (x2 =9. 506, P<0. 01). Multiple regression and binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that the relationship of PUA concentration with triglyceride and creatinine was independently correlated. Conclusions Hyperuricemia and hypertriglyceridemia were the independent risk factors of causing and driving arteriosclerosis. Other PUA related ingredients, such as high ApoB, high FBG, high SBG, super CC,WC and HC, over weight, smoking habit and family disease history are composed of multiple risk factors of resulting in cardiovascular diseases.

Key words:
Hyperuricemia ;  Uric acid ;  Cardiovascular diseases ;  Risk factors ;  Metabolism ;  Body weights and measures ;


A rock physical model-based shale stratum anisotropy parameter prediction method comprises the following steps: constructing an equivalent clay-fluid-kerogen mixture constructed by using a Backus average and anisotropy differential equivalent medium model DEM to obtain the equivalent elastic tensor of the clay-fluid-kerogen mixture; calculating the equivalent elastic rigidity tensor of a brittle rock debris mineral mixture by using a polyphase Hashin-Strikman average formula; adding the brittle rock debris mineral mixture to the clay-fluid-kerogen mixture, and calculating the equivalent elastic rigidity tensor of clay-rock debris by using an anisotropy self-consistent model SCA; adding a rock debris aperture fluid to the clay-rock debris mixture, and calculating the equivalent elastic rigidity tensor of shale by using anisotropy DEM; and calculating the anisotropy parameters of a shale stratum according to the equivalent elastic rigidity tensor. The method allows the shale stratum anisotropy parameter to be directly measured, and brings convenience for rock physical modeling and subsequent elastic parameter estimation of shale exploration.


Submitted for the FWS14 Meeting of The American Physical Society SiN thin films for fabrication of flexible organic solar cell with enhanced stability HYUNG WOO CHOI, Univ of Nevada Reno, BARRY O'BRIAN, YONG KYUN LEE, JEAYOUNG CHOI, Arizona State University, GHASSAN JABBOUR1, Univ of Nevada Reno — We demonstrate an enhanced stability of organic solar cells (OSC) through the incorporation of a thin silicon nitride (SiN) layer (ca. 300 nm) as a diffusion barrier of oxygen and water. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 150 ◦C was used to deposit the SiN on flexible substrates of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Upon device testing, OSCs with silicon nitride barrier layer showed three orders of magnitude improved performance when exposed to water vapor, as compared to OSCs without SiN. Un-encapsulated devices with SiN film showed only a 20% decrease in power conversion efficiency after exposure to air for more than a month! On the other hand, OSCs without the SiN layer failed upon exposure to air for 15 days. Detailed fabrication, testing and characterization of engineered devices will be given. 1Director of Renewable Energy Center, University of Nevada, Reno Ghassan Jabbour Univ of Nevada Reno Date submitted: 15 Oct 2014 Electronic form version 1.4


The utility of a series of palladium-containing perovskite catalysts in the Suzuki reaction is described; turnover numbers of up to 400,000 are reported. A detailed investigation into the mode of action of these catalysts encompassing kinetic studies, catalyst poisoning, microscopy and three-phase tests demonstrate that these heterogeneous materials are pre-catalysts that operate by a solution-phase mechanism


Drs Remvig and Jensen have several concerns regarding the rigor and conduct of the current study and its parent study. We appreciate their attention to detail, are happy to provide additional information, and disagree with their conclusions. Both studies were conducted with rigor and competence, and both were reported in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement, the internationally agreed upon guideline for the reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We address their concerns in the following itemized list. Drs. Remvig and Jensen first challenge the presentation of this paper to International Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM) readers based on its report of negative findings. We disagree that papers should remain unpublished simply because they report negative associations. Publication bias has long been a problem that the scientific community, including the IMM, is beginning to correct. The study is then criticized for having a poor intellectual foundation and for having no hypothesis. We regret that the scientific rationale given in the Introduction was not compelling to Drs Remvig and Jensen. In simplest terms, the study's goal was to determine whether or not evidence for disease modification on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was found among subjects in an RCT that reported dramatic clinical improvements in severe lateral epicondylosis. Identification of a biomarker (in this case MRI) demonstrating healing has never been accomplished for lateral epicondylosis, is critical to the progress of medical science for this condition, and is precisely why the study was undertaken.


The present work solved 3D incompressible RANS equation on a rotating, non-orthogonal multi-blocked grid system to efficiently analyze ducted marine propulsor with rotor-stator interaction. To handle the interface boundary between a rotor and a stator maintaining the conservative property, the sliding multi block technique using the cubic spline interpolation and the bilinear interpolation technique were applied. To validate present code, a turbine flow having rotor-stator interaction was simulated. Time averaged pressure coefficients were compared with experiments and good agreement was obtained. After the code validation, the flowfield around a single-stage ducted marine propulsor was simulated.


The causes of cracking in bridge decks are investigated and procedures are recommended to alleviate the problem. Forty continuous steel girder bridges, thirty-seven composite and three noncomposite bridges are evaluated. Field surveys conducted to document cracking patterns and to determine the crack density of each bridge are described. Information collected from construction documents, field books, and weather data logs is presented and compared to the observed levels of cracking to identify correlations between cracking and the variables studied. Thirty-one variables are considered such as material properties, site conditions, construction procedures, design specifications, age of bridge and traffic volume. Based on the research reported herein, cracking in monolithic bridge decks increases with increasing values of concrete slump, percent volume of water and cement, water content, and compressive strength, and decreasing values of air content (especially below 6.0%). Bridge deck overlays placed with zero slump concrete consistantly exhibit high levels of cracking. Cracking in overlays also increases as placement lengths increase. High maximum air temperatures and large changes in air temperature on the day of casting aggravate cracking in monolithic bridge decks. High average air temperatures and large changes in air temperature similarly aggravate cracking in bridge deck overlays. Both monolithic and two layer bridges with fixed-ended girders exhibit increased cracking near the abutments compared to those with pin-ended girders.


Preface In conjunction with the establishment of Aerospace Society Malaysia (AEROS Malaysia) in January 2017, this inaugural edition of the biennial AEROS Conference series is organized as the key platform for local and international aerospace communities to come together and share their recent researches in development and progress of the aerospace field. Moreover, the conference also aims to become the catalyst for potential collaborations between the academia and the aerospace government agencies and industry players, which is one of the main objectives for the establishment of AEROS Malaysia. This first AEROS Conference is held in Putrajaya, Malaysia on 12th December, 2017. After extensive peer review process, 39 paper submissions have been accepted into the conference and included in the conference proceedings. The selected papers cover a wide range of aerospace topics such as structures and materials, aerodynamics, flight dynamics and control, propulsion, aerospace application and other related areas. I like thank the conference participants for their contributions and the conference reviewers for their expertise and valuable comments. I also like to thank the conference organizing committee for their commitment and tremendous support to the success of this inaugural AEROS Conference 2017.


Network function virtualization (NFV) has been considered as a promising technology for future Internet to increase the network flexibility, accelerate the service innovation, and reduce the Capital Expenditures and Operational Expenditures costs through migrating network functions from dedicated network devices to commodity hardware. Recent studies reveal that although this migration of network function brings the network operation unprecedented flexibility and controllability, NFV-based architecture suffers from serious performance degradation compared with traditional service provisioning on dedicated devices. In order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the service provisioning capability of NFV, this paper proposes a novel analytical model based on Stochastic Network Calculus (SNC) to quantitatively investigate the end-to-end performance bound of the NFV networks. To capture the dynamic and on-demand NFV features, both the non-bursty traffic, e.g., the Poisson process, and the bursty traffic, e.g., the Markov Modulated Poisson Process, are jointly considered in the developed model to characterize the arriving traffic. To address the challenges of resource competition and end-to-end NFV chaining, the property of convolution associativity and leftover service technologies of SNC are exploited to calculate the available resources of the Virtual Network Function nodes in the presence of multiple competing traffic and transfer the complex NFV chain into an equivalent system for performance derivation and analysis. Both the numerical analysis and extensive simulation experiments are conducted to validate the accuracy of the proposed analytical model. Results demonstrate that the analytical performance metrics match well with those obtained from the simulation experiments and numerical analysis. In addition, the developed model is used as a practical and cost-effective tool to investigate the strategies of the service chain design and resource allocations in the NFV networks.


One year after the events of Fukushima the implementation of the new
German energy strategy adopted in the summer of 2011 is being verified.
Business circles, experts and publicists are sounding the alarm. The tempo
at which the German economy is being rearranged in order that it uses renewable
energy sources is so that it has turned out to be an extremely difficult
and expensive task. The implementation of the key guidelines of the
new strategy, such as the development of the transmission networks and
the construction of new conventional power plants, is meeting increasing
resistance in the form of economic and legal difficulties. The development
of the green technologies sector is also posing problems. The solar energy
industry, for example, is excessively subsidised, whereas the subsidies for
the construction of maritime wind farms are too low. At present, only those
guidelines of the strategy which are evaluated as economically feasible
by investors or which receive adequate financial support from the state
have a chance of being carried through. The strategy may also turn out
to be unsuccessful due to the lack of a comprehensive coordination of its
implementation and the financial burden its introduction entails for both
the public and the economy. In the immediate future, the German government
will make efforts not only to revise its internal regulations in order
to enable the realisation of the energy transformation; it is also likely to
undertake a number of measures at the EU forum which will facilitate this
realisation. One should expect that the German government will actively
support the financing of both the development of the energy networks
in EU member states and the development of renewable energy sources
in the energy sector.


The photoproduction processes of the exotic {Theta}{sup +}(1540) baryon and the K* meson from the nucleon targets, i.e., {gamma}n {yields} K*{sup -} {Theta}{sup +} and {gamma}p {yields} {bar K}*{sup 0}{Theta}{sup +} are investigated in a hadronic model. We consider K and K* exchanges as well as the s and u channel nucleon and {Theta} terms. Various spin asymmetries together with cross sections are first computed in order to study the production mechanisms and the parity of the {Theta}{sup +}(1540) baryon. Within the uncertainties arising from the model-dependence of the production mechanisms and several coupling constants, we find that some target-recoil double spin asymmetries, C{sub xx{prime}}{sup TR} and C{sub xx{prime}}{sup TR} are sensitive to the parity of {Theta}{sup +}. In addition, the parity asymmetry of this reaction on the neutron target, which can be obtained by analyzing K* decay distribution, is found to be useful to estimate the K* N{Theta} coupling.


The optimal model for the near-infrared spectroscopic analysis of serum glucose was established by partial least squares( PLS) and Savitzky-Golay( SG) smoothing method. Based on the prediction effect of the optimal single wave number model,a new dividing method for calibration set and prediction set was given. The calibration and prediction models were established by PLS method adopting the combination bands of 10000-5300 cm-1 and 4920-4160 cm-1 with Savitizky-Golay( SG) smoothing. By extending the number of smoothing points to 5,7,…,87( odd) and polynomial degree to 2,3,4,5,6,fourteen smooth coefficient tables including 582 smooth modes were calculated. All PLS models corresponding to all smooth modes and all PLS factors( 1-40) were constructed. The optimal model was selected by the prediction effect. And the derivation order was 1,the polynomial degree was 3 or 4,the number of smoothing points was 53,the optimal factor was 7 and the optimal RMSEP reach 0. 376 mmol/L. The dividing method for calibration set and predic-tion set,the extending of SG smoothing modes,large-scale optimization combining SG smoothing modes and PLS factors can be effectively applied for the model optimization of near-infrared spectroscopic analysis.


The Shu Zhong Ming Sheng Ji( 《蜀中名胜记》) has two editions: the punctuated one that published by Chongqing Publishing House,and the proofread one that had been corrected some mistakes by Zhou Zhao- xiang. As for the first,the article Question on Punctuating and Proofreading of Shu Zhong Ming Sheng Ji written by Xu Shi- rong had queried its quantity. But nobody did any research on the second,and the first didn't consult the second. Besides,Mr Xu's article didn't research the questions of Shu Zhong Ming Sheng Ji itself deeply and had no advice about the book's coordination. So,the two editions were compared in this paper,aiming at finding and categorizing their faults in order to do some preparation for further study.


Candidiasis (oral, vulvovaginal, or systemic bloodstream infections) are important human fungal infections associated with a high global prevalence in otherwise healthy adults but are also opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. With the recent discovery of the multidrug resistant—and often difficult to treat—Candida auris, as well as the rising costs associated with hospitalisations and the treatment of infections caused by Candida species, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutics against these pathogenic yeasts. Essential oils have been documented for many years as treatments for different ailments and are widely known and utilised in alternative and complementary therapies, including treating microbial infections. This review highlights knowledge from research on the effects of medicinal plants, and in particular, essential oils, as potential treatments against different Candida species. Studies have been evaluated that describe the experimental approaches used in investigating the anticandidal effects of essential oils (in vivo and in vitro), the established mode of action of the different compounds against different Candida species, the effect of a combination of essential oils with other compounds as potential therapies, and the evidence from clinical trial studies.


Purpose To propose a neural network (NN) that can effectively segment orbital tissue in computed tomography (CT) images of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) patients. Methods We analyzed orbital CT scans from 701 GO patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 and devised an effective NN specializing in semantic orbital tissue segmentation in GO patients' CT images. After four conventional (Attention U-Net, DeepLab V3+, SegNet, and HarDNet-MSEG) and the proposed NN train the various manual orbital tissue segmentations, we calculated the Dice coefficient and Intersection over Union for comparison. Results CT images of the eyeball, four rectus muscles, the optic nerve, and the lacrimal gland tissues from all 701 patients were analyzed in this study. In the axial image with the largest eyeball area, the proposed NN achieved the best performance, with Dice coefficients of 98.2% for the eyeball, 94.1% for the optic nerve, 93.0% for the medial rectus muscle, and 91.1% for the lateral rectus muscle. The proposed NN also gave the best performance for the coronal image. Our qualitative analysis demonstrated that the proposed NN outputs provided more sophisticated orbital tissue segmentations for GO patients than the conventional NNs. Conclusion We concluded that our proposed NN exhibited an improved CT image segmentation for GO patients over conventional NNs designed for semantic segmentation tasks.


The implementation of curriculum is a systemic process including many stakeholders. The effectiveness of a curriculum can be evaluated after it is implemented in the classroom where the teachers and the students are actively involved. The teachers, therefore, should show competency and responsibility in implementing curriculum. The current articles discusses several issues related to the implementation of curriculum in Arabic Department, namely, (1)definition of implementation, (2) definition of curriculum, (3) implementation of curriculum, (4)stages in implementing curriculum at Arabic Department.


Primary and secondary brain tumors have been reported to cause obstructive hydrocephalus in dogs (1,2). Although there are numerous reports of lymphosarcoma occurring in the central nervous sys-tem of dogs (3-6), to our knowledge there are no reports of acquired hydrocephalus caused by lymphosarcoma. We provide herein the first reported case of severe obstructive noncommunicating hydrocephalus secondary to lymphosarcoma of the brain in a dog. A six-year-old female spayed Beagle was presented to the University of Illinois Veterinary Medical Teach-ing Hospital with a history of grand mal seizures that were occurring daily despite anticonvulsant therapy with phenobarbital (Phenobarbital Tablets USP, Warner Chilcott Laboratories, Morris Plains, New Jersey, USA) (2 mg/kg po ql2h). One year previously, the dog had been diagnosed via lymph node biopsy as having Stage III (7) multicentric histiocytic lymphosarcoma. The animal had undergone treatment with various chemotherapeutic agents including dox-orubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, l-asparaginase, cytosine arabinoside, dacarbazine, and actinomycin-D at the University of Illinois over the course of the year. Remission times were variable and ranged from one to four months. At the time of this presentation, lymph node enlargement had been present for approximately two weeks. Rectal temper-ature was 38.5°C, heart rate 126/min, and respiration 30/min. The dog was depressed and ataxic, and the owner reported that it seemed unaware of its surround-ings at home. A cursory neurological exam revealed conscious proprioception to be slow in all four limbs.


Power consumption of Global Positioning System (GPS) acquisition is a great challenge for energy-constrained applications. In this work, a metric named acquisition mean computation overhead is proposed to measure the energy cost. A novel multi-peak double-dwell (MP/DD) acquisition method for GPS weak signal is proposed. It adopts multi-peak correlation results as candidates in the first acquisition dwell and selects the largest one as the final acquisition result in the second acquisition dwell. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are presented in detail. Meanwhile, the very-large-scale integration (VLSI) implementation of coarse- and fine-grained acquisition engines applied to the proposed method is done. The detection probability and acquisition mean computation overhead are simulated using the Monte-Carlo method, and its mean acquisition power is tested with an actual chip. We fabricated the GPS signal acquisition engine with a 40 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The simulation results demonstrate that detection probability is promoted from 18% to 67% when signal power is equal to 23 dB/Hz. The acquisition mean computation overhead is reduced greatly by 64%. Measurement results show that the energy consumption of this design is only 21.5% of the conventional double-dwell/maximum (DD/MAX) method.


Abstract : The FAA requires short-term forecasts of the development and motion of high Doppler radar reflectivity regions to plan for weather avoidance in en route and terminal areas. Specific needs include choice of air routes and anticipating when to open or close approach/departure gates, descent corridors, and runways. This report compares storm-tracking algorithms for making short-term (0-30 minute) forecasts of high reflectivity areas, to serve these air traffic control control needs. Area forecasts are made by moving the key features of the current reflectivity map according to velocities derived from the storm trackers. The NEXRAD centroid, correlation, and Crane peak-cell trackers are compared against themselves, persistence, and a best-fit extrapolation, The two performance measures used are overlap of predicted versus actual areas and accuracy in flight-path choice. The second method is a new way of scoring predictor performance and is particularly suited to aviation needs. Five storms are considered, three in Massachusetts and two in Oklahoma. The correlation and peak-cell trackers generally performed well in the Massachusetts storms, close to a best correlation kit extrapolator. The centroid tracker behaves erratically, due to contour merging and splitting, but it performed well misled by storm propagation -- an effect to be expected when there is high vertical shear of the horizontal wind. It is recommended that either the correlation or centroid tracker be used, depending on the type of storm expected.


For the automotive industry, where the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) has had complete dominance, the transition to new powertrains will be challenging. The new powertrain vehicles must be manufa ...


We design and fabricate metasurface radiative cooler, in which high emissivity is achieved over the full range of main transparency window. The results provide one potential route to the absorption tuning at far infrared wavelength. © 2019 The Author(s)


should a thrombophilic defect be identified that advice be obtained from clinicians with expertise in this area. Finally, HRT is often seen as a risk factor for postoperative thromboembolism. There are no data to support such a view, although the combination of HRT and the changes in coagulation and venous function following surgery might all operate together to provide a significant increase in risk. This risk is likely to be small, and it would appear that virtually all women who are likely to receive HRT will meet the criteria for thromboprophylaxis in guidelines laid down such as those devised by the THRIFT Consensus Group2I. It would perhaps be prudent to add HRT as a risk factor for venous thromboembolism when assessing patients preoperatively. At present there is no evidence to support a policy of routinely stopping HRT before surgery, provided appropriate thromboprophylactic measures are taken. This will consist mainly of low dose or low molecular weight heparin with or without thromboembolic deterrent stockings as set out in previous guidelines2I. In conclusion, there is an urgent need for increased information on oestrogen-related thrombosis and their association with thrombophilic traits. Until further information is available, a pragmatic approach is required. There is currently no indication for nonselected thrombophilia screening before HRT, but it is critical that a past and family history of thrombotic problems be obtained and selected screening performed. An assessment of the woman for risk factors for venous thromboembolism should be undertaken before and during HRT, and the risk clearly placed in the context of the overall risk benefit ratio of HRT. HRT should be avoided in high risk women such as those with antithrombin deficiency, unless concomitant prescription of antithrombotic therapy is used. This latter course of action is likely to require specialist input from clinicans with particular expertise in haemostasis and thrombosis.


Line transect sampling in a sighting survey is one of most widely used methods for assessing animal abundance. This study applied distance data, collected from three sighting surveys using line transects for finless porpoise that were conducted in 2004 and 2005 off the west coast of Korea, to four models (hazard-rate, uniform, half-normal and exponential) that can use a variety of detection functions, g (x). The hazard-rate model, a derived model for the detection function, should have a shoulder condition chosen using the AIC (Akaike Information Criterion), as the most suitable model. However, it did not describe a shoulder shape for the value of g(x) near the track tine and underestimated g (x), just as the exponential model did. The hazard-rate model showed a bias toward overestimating the densities of finless porpoises with a higher coefficient of variation (CV) than the other models did. The uniform model underestimated the densities of finless porpoise but had the lowest CV. The half-normal model described a detection function with a shape similar to that of the uniform model. The half-normal model was robust for finless porpoise data and should be able to avoid density underestimation. The estimated abundance of finless porpoise was 3,602 individuals (95% CI


Any books that you read, no matter how you got the sentences that have been read from the books, surely they will give you goodness. But, we will show you one of recommendation of the book that you need to read. This national honours and awards of australia is what we surely mean. We will show you the reasonable reasons why you need to read this book. This book is a kind of precious book written by an experienced author.


The article discusses the relevance of developing technology for vegetable pastes with iodine-containing raw materials for the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders. Some the results of own research in this area are shown. The main purpose of the study is to optimize the recipe of vegetable pastes with iodine-containing raw materials to meet the food needs of indigenous people through mathematical processing of experimental data. Based on the author's research and taking into account the data contained in this article, ingredient composition of vegetable paste with a high content of iodine and nutrients-synergists based on the use of protein and plant material were grounded and developed. Consistency of the developed vegetable pastes enables using them to prepare sandwiches, banquet decoration snacks, as mince and stuffing for cheese, potato rolls, pastry and so on. The research allowed to develop recipe and manufacturing process of obtaining rolls with vegetable pasta with iodine-containing raw material, which is enshrined in the approved technical specifications: TU U 10.8-05476322-002:2013 «Culinary products. Rolls with vegetable stuffing» and technological instructions for TU U 15.8-32214657-003:2010 «Culinary products. Rolls with vegetable stuffing». Thus, the broad interpretation of the problem of iodine deficiency and results of our study can be used not only specialists in nutrition and food, but endocrinologists and other doctors. This allows us to recommend developed culinary products to prevent iodine deficiency disorders.


This research aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity and sun protection factor of shells Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill cv. Smooth Cayenne and Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill cv. MDII identified in the Herbarium Truxillense (HUT), where they were assigned codes 58489 and 58490 respectively. The lyophilized cascara extracted with ethanol 96 ° G.L then concentrated and lyophilized.; obtaining the freeze-dried extract of the peel. Phenolic compounds were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu, and were expressed as gallic acid equivalents (EAG), whose values are 11 mg EAG / g and 12 mg EAG / g for the "white pineapple" and "yellow pineapple" respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined by the method of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and as expressed as mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) whose values obtained ranged from 0,012 ± 0,75311 mg EAG / mL for white pineapple and of 0,8091 ± 0,012 mg EAG / mL for yellow pineapple. Also, the sun protection factor for lyophilised extracts meeting with yellow Pina 1,47 and 1,35 for white pineapple was determined. The correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity IC50 of direct type was with lower significance level of 0.01. Concluding that the higher phenolic content of lyophilized extract of Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill, the lower the antioxidant activity due to the low quality thereof


This article takes the outer space as the study object and researches on the new resolution of creating the transition space between outer space and inner space.That is,through the way of "correlation" and "dialogue",to pursue and regenerate cultural vitality of the outer space.


In the last issue of ASE, I gave an update on some of the controversy that has been brewing concerning the Common Core State Standards. I noted that opposition has come both from conservative activists who are concerned about Federal influence in schools and from educators such as Diane Ravitch, who are concerned about the process by which the Standards were developed and the ways in which they are to be assessed.The controversy over the CCSS has by no means abated. In fact, opposition continues to grow, both to the Standards and to the program of assessments that goes with them. One issue that has become increasingly prominent is the role that Bill Gates and the Gates Foundation played in developing and expediting the adoption of the Common Core. In early June, 2014, Lyndsey Layton of the Washington Post published an article that detailed the way in which influential supporters of national standards enlisted Gates to organize and fund a new effort to accomplish their goal of implementing national standards, a goal which had proven impossible to achieve in many previous attempts.The Gates Foundation spread money across the political spectrum, to entities including the big teachers unions, the American Federation of Teachers and the National Education Association, and business organizations such as the U.S. Chamber of Commerce - groups that have clashed in the past but became vocal backers of the standards.... Gates money went to state and local groups, as well, to help influence policymakers and civic leaders. And the idea found a major booster in President Obama, whose new administration was populated by former Gates Foundation staffers and associatesLayton characterized the result of this campaign as "astounding" as 45 states and the District of Columbia fully adopted the Common Core State Standards within just two years.http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-bill-gates-pulled-off-theswift-common-core-revolution/2014/06/0 7/a830e32e-ec34-11e3-9f5c9075d5508f0a_story.htmlThe increased attention to the movers and shakers who moved the CCSS forward is, perhaps, one warning sign that the well coordinated campaign launched by Gates was beginning to falter, especially in light of the states that have defected from the Common Core. Valerie Strauss, also writing for the Washington Post later in June, pointed out another indicator, the many difficulties that are besetting implementation of the assessments that have been designed by two consortiums, the Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC) and Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium (SBAC). Strauss noted that many experts on teacher education and assessment do not believe that assessments are up to the task of measuring the higher order thinking that is at the heart of the Common Core standards, and summed up the situation as "crumbling":Design constraints, timing, financial problems and other issues have combined to make the leap into the next generation of assessments less dramatic than hoped for... The assessments that we will need in the future do not yet exist. …


The algebra is an important tool influencing on a mathematics in general. To make good use of the algebra, it is necessary to transfer from a given situation to a proper algebraic representation. But some research in related to algebraic word problems have reported the difficulty changing to a proper algebraic representation. Our study have focused on transformation and elaboration of algebraic representation. We investigated in detail the responses and perceptions of 29 Grade 7 students while transforming to algebraic representation, only concentrating on the literature expression form the problematic situations given. Most of students showed difficulties in transforming both descriptive and geometric problems to algebraic representation. 10% of them responded wrong answers except only a problem. Four of them were interviewed individually to show their thinking and find the factor influencing on a positive elaboration. As results, we could find some characteristics of their thinking including the misconception that regard the problem finding a functional formula because there are the variables  and  in the problematic situation. In addition, we could find the their fixation which student have to set up the equation. Furthermore we could check that making student explain own algebraic representation was able to become the factor influencing on a positive elaboration. From these, we also discussed about several didactical implications.


Results of a 1999 July 8–10 BeppoSAX observation during an anomalous low-state of Her X-1 are presented. The standard on-state power-law and black-body continuum model is excluded at high confidence unless partial covering is included. This gives a power-law photon index of 0.63 ± 0.02 and implies that 0.28 ± 0.03 of the flux undergoes additional absorption of (27 ± 7) × 10 22 atom cm −2. 11% of the observed 0.1–10 keV flux is from the 0.068 ± 0.015 keV blackbody. 1.237747(2) s pulses with a semi-amplitude of 2.1 ± 0.8% are detected at >99.5% confidence and confirmed by RXTE measurements. This implies that Her X-1 underwent substantial spin-down close to the start of the anomalous low-state. The spectral and temporal changes are similar to those recently reported from 4U 1626-67. These may result from a strongly warped disk that produces a spin-down torque. The X-ray source is then mostly viewed through the inner regions of the accretion disk. A similar mechanism could be responsible for the Her X-1 anomalous low-states. Shadowing by such an unusually warped disk could produce observable effects in the optical and UV emission from the companion star.


For natural gas well, the corrosion generated by the flow in tubing and the flow through the control manifold and scour corrosion should be fully considered in gas well control prevention design. This paper presents the technology background, scour corrosion, flow-induced corrosion, application on calculation of in-tubing flow velocity for preventing erosion and corrosion and example. For application, the technology has a good practicality.


The arching action in concrete deck slabs of girder bridges is generally recognized and is utilized by the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code, and some other codes, to specify an empirical design method which leads to considerable savings in the amount of reinforcement. Despite this general recognition, there are some aspects of the arching action that are yet to be explored. To the knowledge of the author, all reported laboratory and field tests on deck slabs exploring its arching action under applied loads have been conducted by measuring strains in the bottom transverse reinforcement midway between the girders. Based on the results of tests on a full-scale model of a deck slab, it has been confirmed in this note that the transverse bottom reinforcement in the deck slab acts as a tie to the internal transverse arch in the slab. Because of embedment in concrete, the force in this reinforcement is the smallest midway between the girders, and not the largest as would be the case if the slab were in pure be...


ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE suggests that the superior colliculus plays an important role in orientation and eye movement. Ablation studies have shown that destruction of superior colliculi interferes with spatial orientation and eye movement (Z-29), although the evidence regarding the effects of such lesions in primates is conflicting (1, 7, 17, 18; and unpublished observations). Stimulation studies have disclosed that electrical or chemical stimulation of the superior colliculus elicits eye and head movement in several species (4, 1 I, 20, 22). While most single-unit studies centered on the visual information-processing role of the mammalian superior colliculi (12-16, 30, 32, 33; M. Cynader and N. Berman, unpublished observations), a few studies have recently appeared that demonstrate eye-movement related unit activity (22, 31, 35) The aim of the present study was to investigate the discharge characteristics of single units in the superior colliculus of the alert, unanesthe tized monkey. We wished to assess both the visual receptivefield characteristics of units and the possible relation of unit discharges to eye movement. To carry out this plan one eye of each monkey was immobilized prior to the experiment by transection of the 3rd, 4th, and 6th cranial nerves. This made it possible to study in the monkey, whose head was restrained, receptive fields of units of the immobilized eye, and to relate the discharge characteristics of collicular units to the movement of the normal eye during both saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements. M. Cynader and N. Berman (unpublished data) recently have shown that nearly all units in the monkey


1 Intracellular recordings were made from neurones in striatum (caudate‐putamen) and substantia nigra pars compacta in rat brain slices. Three GABAB agonists, baclofen, 3‐aminopropylphosphinic acid (3‐APPA) and 3‐aminopropyl(methyl)phosphinic acid (SK&F 97541), depressed excitatory postsynaptic potentials (e.p.s.ps) mediated by glutamate in the striatum, and hyperpolarized neurones in the substantia nigra. The ability of 3‐aminopropyl(diethoxymethyl)phosphinic acid (CGP 35348), 3‐aminopropyl (hexyl)phosphinic acid (3‐APHPA) and phaclofen to antagonize these responses was assessed. 2 Striatal e.p.s.ps, studied in the presence of bicuculline (30 μm), were reduced in amplitude by 92% with 6,7‐dinitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (DNQX; 30 μm). These e.p.s.ps were depressed by up to 95% by SK&F 97541 and baclofen with EC50s of 0.092 μm and 1.25 μm respectively. The maximal effect of 3‐APPA was 67% with an EC50 of 0.83 μm. Agonist concentration‐effect data fitted a single‐site logistic model. GABAB agonists were without effect on striatal neurone membrane potential, input resistance or depolarizations induced by applied glutamate. 3 The depression of striatal e.p.s.ps by SK&F 97541 was reversibly antagonized by CGP 35348, 3‐APHPA and phaclofen with estimated equilibrium dissociation constants (KB) of 11.2 ± 1.7 μm (n = 4), 13.3 ± 0.4 μm (n = 3), and 405 ± 43 μm (n = 3) respectively. CGP 35348 and 3‐APHPA appeared to act competitively (Schild plot slopes of 0.99 and 1.01 respectively). 4 Nigral neurones were hyperpolarized by up to 25 mV by SK&F 97541 and baclofen with EC50s of 0.15 μm and 3.6 μm respectively. The maximum hyperpolarization by 3‐APPA was only 84% that of the other agonists, with an EC50 of 9.0 μm. Agonist concentration‐effect data fitted a single‐site logistic model. 5 The SK&F 97541‐induced hyperpolarization was reversibly antagonized by CGP 35348, 3‐APHPA and phaclofen with estimated KBs of 17.6 ± 4.4 (n = 3), 14.0 ± 1.5 (n = 4), and >400 μm (n = 1) respectively. CGP 35348 appeared competitive (Schild plot slope of 0.99). Antagonists were also tested with baclofen as agonist, yielding similar KB estimates as for SK&F 97541. 6 It is concluded that at both the presynaptic and postsynaptic sites examined, SK&F 97541 was about 10 fold more potent than baclofen or 3‐APPA. The antagonists CGP 35348 and 3‐APHPA (KB 10–20 μm) were about 20 fold more potent than phaclofen. The similarities in relative agonist potency and estimated antagonist affinity between these two functionally distinct GABAB receptors renders them pharmacologically indistinguishable at present.


The construction and work principle of the pneumatic shape measuring roller were introduced,the static and dynamic state experimentation of the roller was made and the distributing regulation and characteristics of the test accuracy following circumference direction were found.A dynamic phase correction method was put forward to improve the test accuracy of the roller.The experiment proves the possibility of method.


A group of expert contributors have provided perspectives on areas of common concern to the anaesthetist and intensivist, and nursing staff, giving both the clinical and theoretical perspective. By understanding the underlying principles, the reader will be able to create their own framework from which to reach a decision. It is anticipated that the arguments given may challenge the reader's personal ethical stance. Those who are new to ethics will find the examples given help them to see how these underlying principles are put into everyday practice.


11535Background: The majority of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) have been shown to be caused by somatic activating mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT. The major cause of death in...


This article explores Spanish racial thought in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, concentrating specifically on its application in criminological practice. Rather than accepting the more common dismissals of Spanish racial ideas as either non-existent or somehow non-racist for their reliance on mixture, this article demonstrates both how malleable the idea of race was in Spain and the variety of purposes to which it was put. This article also places the discussion of race and crime in Spain more broadly in its European context. It shifts the focus away from European historiography's more typical assumption that the content of racial ideas was the motor force behind the shaping of actual criminal policies and jurisprudence. Instead, this article demonstrates that the context in which racial ideas were developed proved far more important in determining how ideas were applied than the content or definition of those racial ideas.


In this paper, we prove that the L approximants naturally associated to a supremal functional Γ-converge to it. This yields a lower semicontinuity result for supremal functionals whose supremand satisfy weak coercivity assumptions as well as a generalized Jensen inequality. The existence of minimizers for variational problems involving such functionals (together with a Dirichlet condition) then easily follows. In the scalar case we show the existence of at least one absolute minimizer (i.e. local solution) among these minimizers. We provide two different proofs of this fact relying on different assumptions and techniques. Mathematics Subject Classification. 49J45, 49J99. Received September 26, 2002. Revised April 8, 2003.


Abstract4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate, a volatile component of Raphanus sativus leaf, was found to attract Myzus persicae in the olfactometer and the field and significant differences were found at 0.001 and 0.01 level when compared with control. The compound was identified by GC, GC-MS and NMR.


This text interrogates the relations between a book and its readers. It describes why I wrote Defining Nations: Immigrants and Citizens in Early Modern Spain and Spanish America some twenty years ago in terms of what I wanted to ask and answer, and it depicts how readers have used it since. Besides considering how the study of early modern citizenship changed over time, the aim is to encourage a conversation regarding how scholarship develops, as well as invite authors to reflect on their own successes and failures.


Three recent papers (by Roessner et al. [12], Kajiwara et al. [5], and Santander et al. [14]) report the use of a combination of genetic engineering, enzymology, bio-organic chemistry, and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy to help fine-tune what is known of the anaerobic pathway to cobalamin. They present new experiments that firmly establish the structures of two intermediates of the pathway and confirm the functions of 5 more of the 13 cbi gene-encoded enzymes that contribute to the conversion of precorrin-2 to adenosyl-cobinamide (Fig. 1). (For the purpose of this minireview, the anaerobic pathway between uroporphyrinogen III and adenosyl-cobinamide in-volving the cbi gene products only is shown. For the two most recent reviews of cobalamin biosynthesis, please see references 16 and 19. The complete aerobic and anaerobic pathways from uroporphyrinogen III to adenosylcobalamin may be seen and downloaded at http://people.tamu.edu/ (cid:2) c-roessner.) of a large cob operon containing most of the genes the anaerobic biosynthesis of cobalamin in Salmonella enterica the 13 cbi the for the of precorrin-2 to


In article are considered relationship of musical instruments mari and the people of a Finno-Ugric family. Questions on improvement of traditional musical instruments are brought up.


There still exist many problems in the aspects of policy,management,and capital,which lead to the unsatisfactory results in developing the young teachers into double-quality teaching staff in higher voca-tional institutes.To improve the results and cultivate the teachers who are able both in theory and practice,it is necessary to determinate the time and period for the fieldwork,to set up the quality control system and as-sessment,and provide the young teachers and the enterprises with reasonable treatment.


Several results from classical computability theory (computability over discrete structures such as the natural numbers and strings over finite alphabets, due to Turing, Church, Kleene and others) have been shown to hold for a generalisation of computability theory over total abstract algebras, using for instance the model of While computation. We present a number of results relating to computation on topological partial algebras, again using While computation. We consider several results from the classical theory in the context of topological algebra of the reals: closure of semicomputable sets under finite union (Chapter 4 Theorem 2, p.33), the equivalence of semicomputable and projectively (semi)computable sets (Chapter 5 Theorem 7, p.45), and Post's Theorem (i.e. a set is computable iff both it and its complement are semicomputable) (Appendix B Theorem 9, p.53). This research has significance in the field of scientific computation, which is underpinned by computability on the real numbers. We will consider a "continuity principle", which states that computability should imply continuity; however, equality, order, and other total boolean-valued functions on the reals are clearly discontinuous. As we want these functions to be basic for the algebras under consideration, we resolve this incompatibility by redefining such functions to be partial, leading us to consider topological partial algebras.


While active matrix flat-panel imagers (AMFPIs) are commonly used in low dose-per-frame applications such as digital breast tomosynthesis, DQE performance under such irradiation conditions is constrained by the large electronic additive noise relative to imaging signal. Replacement of the CsI:Tl and a-Se converters typically used in AMFPIs with polycrystalline mercuric iodide fabricated using particle-in-binder techniques (PIB-HgI2) would largely overcome this limitation due to the 3 to 10 times higher signal per interacting x-ray offered by this photoconductive material. However, practical implementation of PIB-HgI2 converters in clinical systems requires significant reduction of the high levels of image lag associated with the material. A promising strategy for significantly reducing lag is to diminish the contribution of signal induced by hole transport (which is believed to be a principal source of lag) through incorporation of a grid structure (referred to as a Frisch grid) into the converter material – with previous theoretical studies indicating hole signal reductions of up to ~95%. In this paper, an initial examination of the direct influence of the grid on image lag is reported. This involved modeling the trapping and release of holes in the converter for grids supported by insulating pillars. Signal properties, including line spread function, MTF, and image lag, were examined as a function of grid design parameters and operational conditions. The modeling shows that, when charge trapping and release are accounted for, favorably high suppression of image lag as well as good MTF is possible for some grid designs.


The vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique employing the Schlumberger electrode array was used to survey some villages in Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State with a view to determine the groundwater potntial of the area. The study area is located between longitude 8 0 12' and 8 0 16' E and latitudes 5 0 45' and 6 0 15' N. a total of seventeen (17) electrical soundings were undertaken using the ABEM TERRAMETER model SAS 300, maximum current electrode spread of 500m was attained. The data were interpreted using resist computer softwar e programme to obtain the final model for each VES location. These models were combined to produce a profile showing the geoelectric sections of the subsurface. Correlation of the inferred geoelectrical models showed that the first layer is composed of the sand mixed with clay and its resistivity is between 157 and 497m. The second layer inferred as clay has a resistivity range between 17 and 67m. the third layer suspected to be sandstone had resistivity range of 541-7603m. The fourth layer suspected to be shale had a resistivity range of 97-574m, while the last layer is sandstone with resistivity range of 309-4412m. The sandstone layers (3 rd and 5 th ) are considered to be the potential aquifer units in the area.


Following a dual market strategy can lead to conflicts with regards to focus, process
complexity or governance. Such conflicts are likely to be especially pronounced and
difficult to solve in SMEs due to a limited workforce and employees having to work
for both strategies. This may have an impact on their work motivation. Such
influence of (a dual) market strategy on employee motivation is currently not well
researched.
To advance our understanding of employee behaviour in a multi-strategy
environment I performed an at-home ethnography (Alvesson, 2009) in a German
SME that operates in the personal care industry with two competing market
strategies – selective market/brand vs. mass-market/private label. As previous
research indicated that organisational culture could be a potential bridging element
between strategy and motivation I explored facets of that SME's organizational
culture, which evolved as a consequence of adopting a dual market strategy. I
further explored how this may influence work motivation of employees having to
satisfy both strategies.
Data was formed through a qualitative approach using multiple methods including
document and website analysis, observant participation, and in-depth interviews (in
total 17) in the three departments of the organisation working concurrently for
both strategies. That allowed in-depth understanding of work motivation against
the backdrop of the two strategies and the thereto-related facets of organisational
culture.
The findings of the research illustrate that the two competing market strategies
have been translated into conflicting cultural values and that these impact on work
motivation primarily via levels of value congruence levering the fulfilment of
psychological needs. Impairment of the needs-related motivators due to the
prevalence of one strategy and entailed imbalance of strategy associated values,
cultural values, and employees' personal values, frustrates self-motivation to work
and identification with the organisation – prestige-based pride being the root cause.
The research further suggests pleasure to work to associate market strategy with
work motivation and organisational identification, depleting pleasure reducing both
motivation and identification. The research moreover supports the view that
culture is a dynamic element, which is hardly manageable and that employees show
rather behavioural compliance to than genuine acceptance of changing cultural
values (Ogbonna & Wilkinson, 2003).
Apart from detailing on these theoretical contributions the thesis concludes with
managerial implications of the findings to create a frame for facilitating work
motivation in a dual strategy environment.


This training aims to foster and increase interest in writing, especially writing scientific papers for vocational students in Simalungun Regency and Pematangsiantar City. This dedication is carried out in 2 different Vocational Schools which are Partners of the dedication team, Partner 1 is the National Children's Vocational School located in Simalungun district and an exemplary Private Vocational School located in Pematangsiantar City. The activity was held for 4 days during July 2019, at the National Private Vocational School. The activity was carried out on Saturday and Sunday 6-7 July 2019, starting at 08.00-17.00 WIB with 52 students participating, while the Exemplary Private Vocational School was held on the 13th -14 July 2019 at the same time, with 25 students. The targets of this activity are vocational students in Simalungun District (SMK Anak Bangsa) and Pematangsiantar City (Exemplary SMK). The reason for the selection of service locations is because of the lack of student interest in these schools in terms of writing scientific papers, as well as the lack of scientific papers produced. This activity uses the method of presentation / lecture, discussion, question and answer, and practice / practice. The results of this community service activity show that out of 52 student participants in the Vocational School Private Nation, 25 students were able to answer the questions (Post Test) correctly as many as 10 questions (48%) where previously only able to answer the questions (Pre Test) correctly 9 questions as many as 8 participants (15%). While from 25 student participants in Exemplary Private Vocational Schools, 12 students were able to answer questions (Post Test) correctly as many as 10 questions (48%) where previously only able to answer questions (Pre Test) correctly 9 questions as many as 2 participants (8%).


To meet the increasing demand on very low switching frequencies of power semiconductors in order to reduce switching losses, synchronous optimal pulsewidth modulation (SO-PWM) techniques provide an appropriate solution. They result from offline calculations, assuming steady state operation of the drive system. These drives are often used with an LC output filter, which represents a resonant circuit. Therefore, only in steady state operations does the combination of an LC-filter with offline optimized pulse patterns deliver satisfactory behavior of the drive system. Changes in operating conditions cause weakly damped oscillations in the filter, followed by high overcurrents in the motor, which can be described as dynamic modulation errors. In this paper, a novel control method is proposed in order to keep the benefits of SO-PWM in dynamic operations when applied to drives with LC-filters. The method actively damps the LC-filter resonance and compensates the dynamic modulation errors without increasing the switching frequency. The effectiveness and dynamic capability of the introduced control technique are presented by simulation results of a 2.4 kV induction motor drive.


Viscous damping of plasma flow in a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator CHS-qa has been estimated by calculating modulation of magnetic field strength. The modulation along the toroidal direction is drastically reduced by a factor of 5-20 in comparison with a conventional stellarator CHS, which is low enough to make shear viscosity determine toroidal rotation velocity. Along the poloidal direction the modulation is slightly lower than that in the equivalent tokamak configuration. The effect of higher-order bumpy ripple arising from discrete modular coils in an actual device is also discussed.


able to unfathom the hidden realities which influence reason in human affairs. The human complexities cannot be understood easily and in the continuously changing contemporary world, most things are only weakly related to other things. It is only with such a world that.human reason needs to cope. As no one has so far been able to completely comprehend the changing milieu, the analysis of the factors which condition human reason is likely to remain inadequate. Nonetheless, Prof. Simon's views, based on his rich experience, deserve respect for providing rich insights into the rational processes which affect rea!lon in human affairs.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is most common dementia in the aged individuals. Synapse dysfunction is the early event in the brain that initiate AD progression. Studies found the reduced inhibitory GABAergic synapse function in AD subjects.


Computer-assisted surgical procedures have become a major part of the development of robotics and medicine. These treatments can offer many benefits, such as a shorter recovery time, and improved quality and accuracy of diagnoses. We reviewed computer support literature for surgical interventions included in top peer-reviewed journals and conferences. Based on the review, we identify areas which are ready for computer support in surgical interventions and show future research needs-


ABSTRACT: The Tualatin is the first watershed in Oregon to implement the Total Maximum Daily Load provisions of the Clean Water Act to deal with nonpoint source pollution. Local officials cite residential yard care practices as potential contributors to nonpoint source pollution in the basin. Qualitative and quantitative methods, including observation of yard maintenance styles, suggest behaviors potentially harmful to water quality and conservation. Yard maintenance is influenced by the importance of neighborhood appearance and concern for aesthetics. These concerns stimulate residents to water, fertilize, and apply weed control at more frequent intervals than yard care experts recommend. Better understanding of the effects that relations with neighbors and yard maintenance knowledge have on residential yard care practices can help improve water quality.


Generation of high-transverse-order structured pulsed fields with oval-shaped morphologies is explored by an Nd:YVO4/Cr4+:YAG passively Q-switched (PQS) laser in a tightly-focusing pumped near-hemispherical cavity. By increasing the input pump power, the mode order of the generated structured oval beams can be directly controlled with good beam stability. At a pump level of 8 W, the average output power of the oval structured PQS field can reach up to 2.27 W with the pulse repetition rate and the peak power respectively beyond 125 kHz and 400 W while maintaining quite regular PQS performance.


Climate change and atmospheric nitrogen deposition can impact the integrity of ecosystems. Therefore, the EU Biodiversity Strategy foresees that Member States map and assess the state of ecosystems and their services in their national territory. By example of Germany, this article presents a quantitative, spatially explicit as well as nationally, regionally and site-specifically applicable methodology for classifying and mapping forest ecosystems and identifying changes of their integrity comparing their reference states (1961-1990) with measured (1991-2010) und potential future conditions (2011-2017). To this end, measured environmental data were complemented by dynamic modelling of future climate and soil conditions. A fuzzy rule-based model for estimating spatial patterns and temporal trends of soil moisture was developed and tested at the federal and regional level. Forest ecosystem conditions were evaluated and ordinated at three levels (indicators, functions and ecosystem type) with regard to functionality, chemical and biological characteristics, stress tolerance against climate change and nitrogen deposition scenarios for the years 1961-1990, 1991-2011 and 2011-2070.


The problem of reasonable layout wiring and grounding is firstly resolved in design of EMC for PCB with high-speed and digital and analog mixed signals. The fundamental frequency and high frequency harmonic wave, changing speed of signals, distributing parameters of the circuit, conducting coupling, radiate coupling, radiating of unsuited wires and mix disturbances was analyzed. The Layout-wiring was put up according to of layers PCB, plane of power supply, the layout and wiring rules of clock circuit and high frequency circuit, Grounding by one spot or more spots was selected.


Summary
Bud rot disease or "Pudricion del cogollo" (PC) of oil palm is a major constraint on production in Colombia and neighbouring countries such as Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru and Surinam. To date, there are no documented reports of Phytophthora disease of oil palm in South-East Asia. This research, therefore, was conducted to determine the pathogenic potential of Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora nicotianae on oil palm using both in vitro and nursery inoculation experiments. In vitro inoculation of both P. palmivora and P. nicotianae on immature oil palm leaflets caused discoloration within 2 days of inoculation and incubation at 25 ± 1.5°C, 100% RH. Similarly, in nursery trials, lesions formed on the buds (unopened leaflets) 3 days after inoculation with P. palmivora or P. nicotianae zoospore suspensions. No lesions developed on untreated leaflets in either in vitro or nursery inoculation experiments. Phytophthora spp. were re-isolated from leaflet lesions and confirmed as the inoculated pathogens.


We propose a new method to construct quantum synchronizable codes from classical cyclic codes using the idea of augmented cyclic codes. The method augments a dual-contain ing cyclic code C2 to obtain another cyclic codes C1 of higher dimension. The resulting two cyclic codes and the dual code C ⊥ 2 satisfy the containing property C ⊥ 2 ⊂ C2 ⊂ C1. The proposed construction method based on general quadratic residue set s of size p = 2 − 1, such that the constructed quantum synchronizable codes are Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) quantum er ro correcting codes. We show that the proposed construction me thod yield (cl, cr)−[[p+cl+cr, 1]] quantum synchronizable codes that can tolerate maximum number of misalignment errors.


Video chat systems such as Skype, Google+ Hangouts, and FaceTime have been widely adopted by family members and friends to connect with one another over distance. We have conducted a corpus of studies that explore how various demographics make use of such video chat systems in which this usage moves beyond the paradigm of conversational support to one in which aspects of everyday life are shared over long periods of time, sometimes in an almost passive manner. We describe and reflect on studies of long-distance couples, teenagers, and major life events, along with design research focused on new video communication systems—the Family Window, Family Portals, and Perch—that explicitly support "always-on video" for awareness and communication. Overall, our findings show that people highly value long-term video connections and have appropriated them in a number of different ways. Designers of future video communication systems need to consider: ways of supporting the sharing of everyday life rather than just conversation, providing different design solutions for different locations and situations, providing appropriate audio control and feedback, and supporting expressions of intimacy over distance.


Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and anti-bovine serum albumin (a-BSA) were separately incorporated in dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) liposomes in water or in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). In water, 100% BSA or a-BSA incorporation in the liposomes contrasts with ca. 30% incorporation in PBS for both proteins, suggesting a major role for the electrostatic attraction between protein and liposome in determining the incorporation, though 30% incorporation can still be ascribed to the hydrophobic interaction. Neither of the two proteins, tested separately, can induce nonspecific liposome aggregation over an extensive range of combinations for DODAB and protein concentration as those possible in a microplate experiment. In water, electrophoretic mobility for the liposomes decreases slightly as a function of protein concentration but the liposome/protein complex remains positively charged even at the highest protein concentrations tested. Protein-induced rupture ofliposomes containing [ 14 C]sucrose was evaluated from dialysis ofprotein/ liposome mixtures. In water or in PBS, protein-induced leakage of radioactive liposomal contents was not observed, suggesting that the hydrophobic interaction between serum proteins and the DODAB bilayer is superficial. Finally, the absence of molecular recognition between BSA and a-BSA separately incorporated in the liposomes in water is consistent with preservation of the liposomal positive charge at full protein coverage on the cationic liposomes. These results shed new light onto the mechanisms by which cationic liposomes can deliver proteins or other important macromolecules of biological origin in vivo: opsonization possibly preserves liposome charge and integrity.


Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements on the quasi-two-dimensional organic conductor $\kappa$-[BEDT-TTF]$_2$Cu[N(CN)$_2$]Br give the first determination of the coexistence zone of the antiferromagnetic and superconducting phases which extends deep in the metallic part of the pressure-temperature phase diagram of these salts. This zone is identified from a precise control of the ordering in ethylene end groups which acts as an internal pressure. The two phases are found to compete whereas superconducting fluctuations begin to contribute to the attenuation at 15 K, namely at the onset of magnetic order that is well above the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ = 11.9 K. Finally, the temperature profile of sound attenuation for both longitudinal and transverse phonon polarizations is found to be inconsistent with a conventional \textit{s}-wave order parameter.


In this work we propose a new perspective in order to unveil the mechanism leading to the spin-orbit de/coupling of light at the nanoscale. Taking into account the factorizability condition of the electromagnetic fields we show, by using the spherical vector wave formalism, that this condition is fulfilled only in the far-field region. On the other side, in the near-field region, amplitude (spin) and phase (orbit) manifest a complex behavior itself, namely, they appear to be coupled with each other according to the spin-orbit coupling regime.


This short note explains and improves on Iversen and Soskice's (2006) method for estimating dynamic panel data models when there are gaps in the dependent variable but complete or nearly complete data on the independent variables. It also describes a Stata program, dvgreg, developed by the authors for conveniently estimating such models. ∗ We wish to thank Torben Iversen, Noam Lupu and Åsa Vernby for comments on the note and the accompanying code and the Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation for financial support. Torben Iversen and David Soskice graciously provided the data that are distributed together with this note. † Researcher, Uppsala University. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com ‡ Researcher, Uppsala University. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


In this manuscript I will argue a) that at least in developed economies the rate of new firm formation is crucially important for economic development; b) that it varies considerably over time and space; c) that policy programs aimed at increasing or supporting entrepreneurial activity have a disappointing track record, and d) that institutional reform aiming at the creation and maintenance of a transparent and stable formal institutional framework that is conducive to entrepreneurial activity is the most suitable task for entrepreneurship policy. In support of my argument I will build heavily on experiences from my own research – because it is what I know best – but even more heavily on the 'big names' in this branch of research – because it represents the most compelling evidence. I will only make cursory references to other parts of the now relatively voluminous field we call 'entrepreneurship research'. In order to enhance the credibility of my conclusions I would like to emphasize that for the most part they do not reflect what my own research has tried to prove; neither do they reflect any ideology I had as baggage when first entering the field. Rather, they are a reflection of what the totality of knowledge development in this area over more than twenty years has led me to believe.


In this study, we introduce a tracking algorithm which tracks the vehicles marked by an operator on video sequences. Fast Principal Component Pursuit algorithm is used to obtain the background and foreground models with high precision. For foreground model obtained by subspace learning, a thresholding method is proposed. For the detected foreground objects, features are extracted to separate the vehicle marked by the operator from other foreground objects. Tracking of the marked object is performed by Kalman filter. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective against dynamic backgrounds, complex scenes and occlusions.


Background: Vascular and cardiac complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality in hypertension. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling associated with the development of vascular and cardiac dysfunction through activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. It is implicated that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a role in pathogenesis of hypertension. However, the relationship between EGFR signaling and ERS in hypertension has not determined yet. In the present study, we examined effects of ERS inhibition on the EGFR signaling in vascular and cardiac tissues from hypertensive rats. Methods: Hypertension was induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) injection (20mg/kg, twice a week) and 1% NaCl+0.2% KCI by adding to drinking water following the unilateral nephrectomy in male 8-week-old Wistar albino rats. Blood pressure was measured using tail-cuff method for 12 weeks. ERS inhibitor tauroursodeoxycolicacid (TUDCA) (150mg/kg/day) was given by intraperitoneal injection last four week. At the end of treatment, abdominal aorta (AA), carotid artery (CA) and left ventricle (LV) tissues were removed and vascular tissues were incubated with phenylephrine. Then, expressions of EGFR, ERK, p-ERK, Akt, p-Akt were examined by Western Blotting. Results: TUDCA treatment significantly reduced systolic blood pressures in hypertensive rats. EGFR expressions in AA and LV were similar in all groups. While EGFR expression in CA was increased in hypertensive group, TUDCA treatment reduced it. In AA, ERK expression was decreased by hypertension but, p-ERK expression was not changed. In CA and LV, ERK and p-ERK expressions were similar in all groups. Akt and p-Akt expression were attenuated in AA isolated from hypertensive rats. p-Akt expression was augmented with phenylephrine treatment but, Akt expression in CA was not altered by hypertension. Akt and p-Akt expressions in LV were not changed by hypertension. TUDCA treatment did not affect Akt, p-Akt, ERK and p-ERK expressions in all tissues. Conclusions: In hypertension, expressions of molecules that play a role in mitogenic pathway were changed in vascular wall but not cardiac tissue. Our results demonstrate that ERS inhibition can affect EGFR signaling and it may be a therapeutic strategy to prevent vascular complications in hypertension.


When we measure travel speeds of road sections, wider range of travel speed would be obtained. Driving in slow-speed sometime increases the stress of other drivers who intend to travel in higher speed. This might lead to hazardous behavior on part of impatient drivers, such as reckless passing. This study aims to clarify in what situation drivers develop stress and what psychological and behavioral characteristics are manifested under these conditions. From the result of this survey, it is found that the reduction in the stress of drivers differs according to the kind of information supplied from slow-moving vehicles ahead.


In order to perform a series of guidelines to mitigate or prevent the presence of mechanical well instability events, a multivariate statistical analysis was carried out with the information of variables and instability indicator events to determine the behavior of each variable for each formation. analyzed and what is the most frequent event in these formations. Subsequently, a matrix of selection of both variables and events is carried out, obtaining that the variables with greater relation to instability events are the inclination of the well, the azimuth of the well and the equivalent density of circulation, while the events more critical during drilling are the circulation losses and pipe glue. With the compilation of the analysis of results, a series of guidelines is developed with recommendations for the planning of a well, actions to be taken into account during drilling and those to maintain well stability.


We show that once interfamily exchanges are considered, Becker's rotten kids mechanism has some remarkable implications that have gone hitherto unnoticed. Specifically, we establish that Cornes and Silva's (1999) result of efficiency in the contribution game amongst siblings extends to a setting where the contributors (spouses) belong to different families. More strikingly still, the mechanism does not just have consequences for efficiency but it may have dramatic redistributive implications. In particular, we show that the rotten kids mechanism combined with a contribution game to a household public good may lead to an astonishing equalization of consumptions between the spouses and their parents, even when their parents' wealth levels differ. We consider two families, each consisting of a parent and an adult child, who are "linked" by the young spouses. Children contribute part of their time to a household (couple) public good and provide attention to their respective parents "in exchange" for a bequest. Spouses behave towards their respective parents like Becker's rotten kids; they are purely selfish and anticipate that their altruistic parents will leave them a bequest. The most striking results obtain when wages are equal and when parents' initial wealth levels are not too different. For very large wealth differences the mechanism must be supplemented by a (mandatory) transfer that brings them back into the relevant range. When wages differ but are similar the outcome will be near efficient (and near egalitarian).


ABSTRACT Based on an empirical study of 269 hotel employees in Korea, this research examines the hypotheses that the interaction with leader-member exchange(LMX) and perceived organizational support(POS) has an effect on trust in organization(TIO) and that POS affects organizational commitment(OC), through TIO as a mediator variable. The results of this study support both hypotheses. Managerial implications were also discussed.


The formation of Strongyloides stercoralis infections in the tropical countries and in the temperate climatic zone, with special attention to the factors and the high risk groups, were described. The concurrent infections, prevention and control of strongyloidosis was also presented.


Ab initio calculations have been performed on a series of complexes formed between iodo-perfluorocarbons(PFCs) and iodo-hydrocarbons(HCs) and haloid anions to gain a deeper insight into the nature of halogen bonds. It appears that halogen bonds in these complexes are much stronger than neutral halogen bonds. Calculations also show that the strength of halogen bonds in iodo-PFC⋯ haloid anion dimers are greater than those in iodo-HC⋯ haloid anion dimers. A comparison of the two complex series reveals that the hybridization state of the carbon atom bonded to iodine has a less pronounced effect on the interatomic distances I⋯X in the iodo-PFC series in relation to the iodo-HC series. PCM calculations used to investigate the solvent effect on halogen bonds unveil that, in the gas phase, fluorine anion prefers to form halogen-bonded complexes with respect to chloride, bromide, and iodine anions; however, the preference is not obvious, and even an opposite order is observed in solutions. It is worth mentioning that the iodo-PFC⋯ fluorine anion complexes present a special structure, i.e. the interatomic I⋯F distances in these complexes are relatively short and the corresponding C–I bonds tend to be further broken. These features, in combination with the geometrical data, indicate that ate-complexes are formed between iodo-PFC and fluorine anions.


Building professional identities of student teachers at the beginning of their vocational education and professional training provides opportunities to explore diversity of practice and provide external support. In the available literature, there is only a small number of studies that explore the professional identity of pre-service and student teachers. The main problem of this research is to examine self-reported attitudes toward student teachers' professional identity dimensions. The second aim of the presented study was examining the reliability and concurrent validity of the Student Teachers Professional Identity Scale (Fisherman & Abbot, 1998), which was used for the first time in Serbia. The initial sample of respondents consisted of 158 students from the Faculty of Pedagogical Sciences. Results indicate that university students perceive teaching roles more as a specific job and not as a profession. They are goal-directed towards their job as teachers and perceive their practice as a part of their studies and not as a result of their professional identity development as teachers. The mentioned scale (for one-factor solution with the satisfactory criterion of confirmatory factor analysis) obtained very good reliability (α = .935) and concurrent validity indicators and values. Researching professional identity at early career stages can help educators to emphasize the multidimensionality and complexity of the teaching profession.


This research aimed at knowing whether the use of TGT (Teams Games Tournament) cooperative learning model completed with Power Point media resulted better student learning achievement than the use of TGT cooperative learning model on Atomic Structure and Periodic System of the Elements lesson at the tenth grade of State Islamic Senior High School 4 Kampar in the Academic Year of 2017/2018.  This research was Quasi-experiment with pretest and posttest design conducted in two classes—the first experimental group taught by using TGT cooperative learning model completed with Power Point media and the second experimental group taught by using TGT cooperative learning model.  Simple random sampling technique was used in this research.  The techniques of collecting the data were interview, preliminary data test that was homogeneity test, final data tests that were pretest and posttest, and documentation that was used to strengthen the obtained data.  The research findings showed that posttest mean score of the first experimental group was 79 and the second group was 76,25.  Final data analysis was using t-test, so it was obtained that tobserved was 2.21 and ttable was 2.02 at 5% significant level.  tobserved was higher than ttable, so H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted.  It meant that there was an effect of implementing TGT cooperative learning model completed with Power Point media toward student learning achievement on Atomic Structure and Periodic System of the Elements lesson at State Islamic Senior High School 4 Kampar, and the coefficient of effect was 11.38%.


Ga_2O_3 nanorods were prepared from commercial GaN powder via a simple ultrasonic assistance method,and they were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The as-prepared Ga_2O_3 nanorods are of diameters 100 nm and lengths 2 μm,and they are doped with Na~+ and K~+,successfully.The thick film humidity sensors were prepared by spin-coating the sensing materials on A1_2O_3 ceramic substrates coated with Ag-Pd interdigitated electrodes and the humility sensing properties were studied.The impedance variation of Ga_2O_3 nanorods sensor with the humility exhibits good linearity response over four orders of magnitude,when relative humility(RH) changes from 11%to 95%at 100 Hz.The response time and recovery time are about 1 s and 6 s and the maximum hysteresis is only 3%RH at 100 Hz.The good humility sensing properties may be attributed to the synergistic effect of one-dimensional of Ga_2O_3 nanostructures and the ions doping.


Dr. A. Sudheer 1 , Dr. N. V. V. Satya Bhushan 2 , Dr. U. Siva Kalyan 3 , Dr. Kho Chai Chiang 4 and Dr. S. Prameela 1 . 1. Post Graduate student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam. 2. Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakha patnam. 3. Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam. 4. Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam. ............................................................................................................... ....... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History


The use of resonant enhancements of the inelastic cross-section in the hard X-ray regime has been developing rapidly in the last few years, driven both by advances in the instrumentation, from sources to analyzers to detectors, and by simultaneous advances in theoretical understanding of the resonant process and the inelastic cross-section [5]. The field has recently been reviewed in an article by Ament et al. [2], following earlier reviews by Schulke [24] and Kotani and Shin [21]. Most collective modes have now been observed with the technique including phonons [2, 28], bi-magnons [7, 14], magnons and charge transfer excitations. In this article, we briefly survey some of the very recent work that has been carried out at the Advanced Photon Source, focusing on studies of magnons and charge transfer excitations in strongly correlated systems. This work was carried out on the beamlines 9IDB and 30IDB. We first discuss the instrument at Sector 30, known as "MERIX."


Editor's note: The benchmarking of hardware and its comparison to a golden model is an interesting approach for developers and scientists to align their own results to optimal solutions. The article describes an approach and solution to use exact circuits to evaluate own developments, which is crucial in many application domains. Benchmarks are highly important for the scientific community to evaluate their research.--Michael Hübner, Brandenburg University of Technology


Magnetic resonance spectroscopy,including diffusion tensor scan and blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance scan,are the new MR techniques with experienced tremendous development in recent years.We review the progress of the three techniques in the border research of astrocytoma,meningioma and metasses.They are useful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tumors.We also explore the limitations and prospects of this modality.


This paper describes the overall pressurized thermal shock (PTS) program at Los Alamos with emphasis on TRAC-PF1 calculations of severe overcooling transients for the Oconee-1 pressurized water reactor (PWR). A summary of results for several calculations are presented for the Oconee-1 PWR along with detailed discussions of two of the most severe overcooling transients predicted (main steam-line break and turbine-bypass valve (TBV) failures). The calculations performed were plant specific in that details of both the primary and secondary sides were modeled in addition to a detailed model of the plant Integrated Control System (ICS). For the Oconee-1 main steam-line break transient, a minimum downcomer fluid temperature of approx. 405 K was predicted. For the TBV transient involving the failure of one bank of TBVs to close after initially opening following reactor and turbine trips, an extrapolated downcomer fluid temperature of approx. 365 K was estimated. The latter temperature is at the nil-ductility temperature (NDT) limit (approx. 365 K) for Oconee-1.


To the Editors:

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is caused by colonisation of the lungs with Aspergillus fumigatus resulting in a hypersensitivity reaction and bronchiectasis. Allergic aspergillus sinusitis (AAS) has similar histopathological features and yet simultaneous occurrence is rarely reported. We report a case of an aspergilloma in the paranasal sinuses causing unilateral blindness with associated AAS. The patient went on to develop ABPA resulting in a dramatic decline in lung function. Therapy consisted of oral steroids, an anti-fungal agent, bronchodilators and bronchial hygiene.

A 48-yr-old female presented to her general practitioner in 2006 with sudden loss of sight in the left eye. Following an urgent computed tomography (CT) head scan she was referred to the Ear Nose and Throat surgeons (Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK) with the radiological diagnosis of a cystic lesion in the region of the sphenoethmoid sinus (fig. 1⇓). She underwent an endoscopic sphenoid sinus debridement and washout. Cellular pathology of the sinus biopsy showed an oedematous and hyalinised lamina propria, containing an infiltrate of plasma cells, eosinophils and lymphoid aggregates. Branching septate fungal hyphae consistent with Aspergillus sp. were identified. The patient was diagnosed with an aspergillus fungal ball and sinusitis. Full vision was …


Crit Care Med 2016 • Volume 44 • Number 12 (Suppl.) Histoplasmosis Capsulatum "Broncholith" causing bronchial erosion. He was treated with a course of itraconazole for Histoplasmosis. Eventually urine histoplasma antigen and serum antibodies returned negative, consistent with chronic histoplasmosis. He was extubated day 30 and discharged to rehab on day 39 with good neurologic recovery. Results: To our knowledge, we report the first case of a pediatric patient with chronic Histoplasmosis leading to massive hemoptysis, requiring pneumonectomy and ultimately VV ECMO support. Histoplasmosis and other fungal infections should be on the differential for otherwise asymptomatic immunocompetent patients presenting with massive hemoptysis


Indonesia has been a member of Asian Development Bank (ADB) since its first establishment in 1966. Since then, the partnership between Indonesia and ADB has developed to complex needs of a rapidly evolving middle-income country. This thesis is built from the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC), where ADB's role becomes more prominent in ensuring its ability and flexibility in meeting its current and future member countries' needs. Using this momentum, President Yudhoyono utilized ADB's ability that was crucial in the process of economic recovery for Indonesia. The role of its involvement in domestic economy helped President Yudhoyono brought economic changes necessary. Thus, three research questions rise: (1) what is the background information of Indonesia and Asian Development Bank partnership that leads to economic liberalization? (2) to what extent does ADB promote economic liberalization in Indonesia? (3) to what extent does the political pressures hinder or slow down the process of economic liberalization? This thesis finds that ADB emphasizes on good governance, democracy, and development must go hand-in-hand along the way in order to create strong foundation of economic liberalization, with the purpose in attaining inclusive and sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. However, such economic liberalization is hard to realize due to the opposition from political pressures by the parliament and coalition politics.


High—purity silicon dioxide refers to the silicon dioxide in which the content of metal impurities reaches the lowest level(around 10 ppm to 1 ppm or below).Such kind of silicon dioxide belongs to high-performance inorganic silicon material,which has been widely used in many fields of high and new technology and to which increasing attention has been paid.The technology for preparation of high-purity silicon dioxide has been completely introduced and a review has been made to different reparation methods for silicon dioxide.


In virtue of features of soft soil foundation settlement of freeway,the paper makes an approach to basic principles of G(1,1) of grey model and applies them to settlement prediction.Through programming present method has been accomplished and the good effects achieved.