Koguryo had contacts with various non-Chinese people in north China as well as Chinese dynasties, which is natural considering Koguryo's geographical situation. Therefore, when one examines the foreign relationships of Koguryo, not only those with China but also those with non-Chinese people in the north have a significant meaning. In this paper, by examining how non-Chinese people including Xianbei, Qidan, and Rouran perceived Koguryo, I shall suggest the significance of Koguryo in East Asian history. In addition, I will investigate how the relationships between non-Chinese people in north China and Koguryo influenced on the international circumstances in East Asia. The contacts between Xianbei and Koguryo began since the common era. The actual contact was from when Murong Xianbei advanced to the Liaoxi region. According to Samguk sagi, Murong attacked Koguryo in 293 and 296 AD. The reason why Murong attacked on Koguryo is not certain. Considering the fact that Murong competed with other Xianbei tribes, Murong might have considered Koguryo as one of threatening powers. It is assumed that Murong attacked Koguryo in order to prevent Koguryo from interrupting internal conflicts among Xianbei tribes. As it moved to the 4th century, Koguryo competed with Murong in the Liaodong region. In 341, Murong established the Former Yan, and tried to expand its territory to the neighboring regions. In the next year, the Former Yan attacked Koguryo and seized Koguryo's capital. It is notable in that the purpose of the attack of the Former Yan was not on oppressing Koguryo, but cutting the ally between Koguryo and Yuwen tribe, and then finally destroying Yuwen tribe. Thus, the ultimate goal of the Former Yan was actually to gain the access to the Central Plain region. The Former Yan considered Koguryo as a threatening power, and the development of the nation depended on the success on the foreign policy against Koguryo The Qidan people who establised the Liao appeared in a written record from the late 4th century. According to Samguk sagi, Qidan invaded the border region of Koguryo in 378 in the 8th reign year of King Sosurim. King Kwanggaet' o campaigned against Qidan right after ascending to the throne. By the late 5th century, Qidan got influenced by the advance of Koguryo to the region of Hsiramulan river. In 479 when Koguryo and Rouran conspired together in dividing Didouyu At this time, oppressed by Koguryo, Qidan got incorporated into the Northern Wei. After the Sui dynasty established, some Qidan who were under Koguryo and Turks were absorbed into the Sui. Qidan got stronger by the late 6th century, and developed into the 10 tribes' confederation. The unification of the Sui brought the stability in Chinese territory However, a tension rose between Sui and Koguryo who competed for the hegemony in East Asia. As a war broke out between Sui and Koguryo, Qidan participated in a war as subsidiary troops. Qidan did not have an opportunity to have a political development or power expansion under the pressure of Koguryo and Chinese dynasties. Thus, it was impossible to act independently with its own identity. Rather, Qidari s existence depended on the political situations of powerful nations around it. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Rouran gained power in the northern region of China along with the Northern Wei. Rouran allied with Koguryo in order to restrain and isolate the Northern Wei. In addition, Rouran allied with Koguryo in dividing Didouyu region in the effort to prevent the Northern Wei from exchanging with other countries. Rouran considered Koguryo as one of powerful nations in East Asia, and allied with Koguryo to isolate the Northern Wei. The international circumstance in East Asia by that time showed the balance of power among the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Rouran and Koguryo. In summary, the non-Chinese people in north China considered Koguryo as an independent power different from China, and perceived Koguryo as a restraining party or allied party according to their political situations.


Constitutive relationship of boron steel at high temperature is one of the most necessary mathematical models in the numerical simulation of hot stamping.It describes the relationship of the flow stress with strain,strain rate and temperature.In order to build the constitutive equations of boron steel B1500HS,some isothermal uniaxial tensile tests are performed at 600~900 ℃ with strain rate 0.01 s–1,0.1 s–1,1.0 s–1 and 10 s–1 by Gleeble 1500D thermo-mechanical simulator,and the true stress-strain curves at the relative conditions are gained.The modified Arrhenius model,which is a hyperbolic sine function including the deformation activation energy and deformation temperature,is used to describe the hot deformation activation character of austenite microstructure of boron steel.The material parameters depending on the strain,and the constitutive equations depending on the strain rate and deformation temperature,are attained by the regression analysis of experimental data.The experimental results show that,the flow stress rises with the decrease of the deformation temperature and the flow stress rises with the increase of the strain rate.The results show that the computational data using the constitutive relationships are consistent with the experimental data.


The main objective of the present work was to study the thermal properties and rheological behavior of natural and modified organic cassava starch with standard solutions of hydrochloric acid in concentrations 0.1 and 0.2 mol L -1 and in temperatures 25 and 45oC, respectively, as well as verify the structural changes up to the surface of granules. The results allowed us to establish the relationship between the viscosity (RVA), the thermal properties (TG-DTA, DSC) and changes in the morphology of granules (NC-AFM). The major modifications in all the studied properties of the starch granules occurs in those treated with standard HCl at room temperature (25 oC), proportionally to higher concentrations.


The fix assets in universities are the material guarantee for the teaching and scientific research work, and also the material basis for the proper running of universities. However, at present, there exist such problems for the management of them as the misunderstanding for the management sector, a lack of proper regulations for the management, the random decision for material purchases, the unclear regulations for their transmission, and the random disposal for the fixed asserts. Directed against these problems, the paper puts forward the following suggestions for the management, such as the proper understanding for the management, the scientific rules for the management, the reasonable circulation for the fixed asserts, the strict transmission for the fixed asserts, and the clear disposal of them. The authors in the paper believe that only in this way can the fixed asserts fully display their roles and serve well the teaching and scientific research work in universities.


The pursuit of superresolution (SR) with large upscaling factors, such as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, for enhancing the spatial resolution of low-resolution (LR) remote sensing images is a persistent and challenging problem. To address this issue, we propose the progressive feature enhancement SR (PFESR) network with an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> upscaling factor. Given the limited high-frequency information provided by a single LR image, we propose an improved style transfer technology to generate auxiliary details that aid in the recovery of high-resolution (HR) images. Additionally, multiscale texture features are extracted through the visual geometry group (VGG) feature extraction (VFE) block. To efficiently fuse various features, we combine hard and soft attention mechanisms. Finally, we use a hierarchical fusion block to address the progressive fusion problem of multiple scale features. Experiments on three datasets demonstrate that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance and exhibits good robustness in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and higher scale SR tasks.


Malaysia, the world's largest single exporter of condoms, supplies of condoms to Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) recipients is valued at about USD37 billion which is about 41% of the total USD91 million condoms procured for the period of 2008–2013. This is despite the backdrop of encouraging local production of health commodities in Africa and participation of local African manufacturers to be qualified suppliers. There has also been reported instances of poor quality products supplied, breach in procurement procedures, and high unit costs of condoms. This study identified the country characteristics and product characteristics of Malaysia's firms supply of condoms to the Global Fund programme. The study also contributes in providing decision-makers and suppliers (not only limited to Malaysian suppliers) on the important country and product characteristics in the supply of contraceptives besides increasing information to potential applicants for tender called by GFATM. Random e ff ect estimation was conducted on unbalanced panel data of Malaysia's supply of condoms to Global Fund recipients in 44 countries for the period of 2008–2013. In terms of country characteristics, HIV prevalence and African countries were significantly positive, while being a fragile state (World Bank classification), health expenditure per capita and number of physician per 1,000 people were insignificant. For product characteristics, average quantity divided by distance between Malaysia and recipient country, and average unit price of below USD0.07 were significant but average unit price of below USD0.02 were insignificant (average price based on past literature of procurement for Global Fund). The increased analysis and discussion of these country and product characteristics based on data on public domain (for increased transparency) has noticeable e ff ect towards more e ffi cient supply process. Suppliers or aspiring suppliers may supply condoms for social cause to the recipients in countries that need them at product characteristics most required, thus also contributing to more e ffi cient tender and supply process.


This paper explores the possibility of detecting a difference in the Doppler Shift phenomenon when generated in different inertial frames, as a means of testing Einstein's Principle of Relativity. Specifically, the Doppler shifts generated alternatively by movement of the observer and movement of the light source are examined and show an observable difference that is inconsistent with the Relativity Principle.


In this paper,three-point bending behavior of aluminum alloy foam-filled cylindrical aluminum alloy pipe with three different pipe thicknesses and two different spans was investigated experimentally.Three kinds of deformation modes,namely indentation,indentation-bending and tensile fracture of underneath pipe skin,were observed.Load-displacement curves of hollow and foam-filled pipes were obtained and compared with each other.It is found that the load-bearing capacity increases with the increase of the foam density but the failure strain decreases.The relative increase of the load-bearing capacity increases with the decrease of the pipe-wall thickness and the increase of the span.The mechanism of foam filler in enhancing the load-bearing capacity was also analyzed.It is found that foam filler will significantly reduce the indentation and the consequent degradation of the flexural rigidity of the cross-section,thus increase the load-bearing capacity.


Ada Namelist Package, developed for Ada programming language, enables calling program to read and write FORTRAN-style namelist files. Features are: handling of any combination of types defined by user; ability to read vectors, matrices, and slices of vectors and matrices; handling of mismatches between variables in namelist file and those in programmed list of namelist variables; and ability to avoid searching entire input file for each variable. Principle benefits derived by user: ability to read and write namelist-readable files, ability to detect most file errors in initialization phase, and organization keeping number of instantiated units to few packages rather than to many subprograms.


In 1999 Sharon Keigher dedicated the National Health Line to a discussion of how the United States might build a "society for all ages," the theme of the United Nations' International Year of Older Persons. This is not an academic exercise. The aging of the baby boomers presents difficult and unprecedented challenges. Ironically, our ability to respond to these challenges may depend on the outcome of a battle many believe we have already won. I refer, of course, to the battle over social security and Medicare and the effort by conservatives to privatize these social insurance plans (Barker, 1999). For social workers, the importance of this battle should be clear (Hudson, 1999; Keigher, 1999; Takamura, 1999). Social Work Speaks (NASW, 1997) stresses the "intergenerational stake in providing adequate support for all dependent populations" and the need to obtain "public support" for "the most needy, regardless of age" (p. 19). Social security and Medicare are our most important forms of "social capital," and privatizing them would grievously damage our social fabric (Wilkinson, 1996). They also represent, in latent or embryonic form, our "society for all ages?" Unfortunately, we cannot assume that our colleagues, much less the public at large, understand the importance of these issues. As Hudson (1999) points out, the very success of social security and Medicare, and the difference they have made in the lives of older adults have fostered the illusion that most elderly people no longer need these programs. Moreover, the differences between those who support these programs and those who oppose them have become muddled. Frank Luntz, a well-known Republican pollster and the architect of the Contract with America, has advised his clients to stress their commitment to strengthening Medicare. Both political parties also have promised to protect social security. Conservatives now frame their proposals in terms of compassion, right to choose, and bipartisanship (Starr, 1999). They no longer "ignore completely elderly people who are poor and sick" and in some cases actually advocate expanding "means-tested programs directed to these individuals" (Hudson, 1999, p. 156). In a sense, the debate has shifted from whether to preserve these programs to how to preserve them. However, we must not be fooled. The conservatives' fundamental goal--the privatization and "systematic erosion of... social security"--has not changed (Hudson, 1999, p. 156). The problem for social workers and for progressives generally is developing a strategy for defending social security and Medicare. The admitted complexity of the situation should not deter us from acting. The stakes are high for both sides. Defeating privatization would not only preserve social security and Medicare but also open the door to a "society for all ages." Conversely, victory for the privatizers could throw us back a generation. This battle is one neither side can ignore. MYTHS ABOUT PRIVATIZATION It would be presumptuous to try to summarize the case against privatization in a few paragraphs. However, I will discuss briefly a few of the myths about privatization. Those interested in a full discussion of these issues should consult such important works as Social Security in the 21st Century, edited by Eric Kingson and Jim Schulz; Social Security and Its Enemies by Max Skidmore; Social Security: The Phony Crisis by Dean Baker and Mark Weisbrot; and Straight Talk about Social Security by Robert Ball and Thomas Bethell. Other important sources include Families USA (http://www.familiesusa.org); the New Century Alliance (NCA) (http://www.ourfuture. org); the Century Foundation (http://www.socsec.org); the National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare (http://www.ncpssm.org/menu.html); the National Campaign to Protect, Improve, and Expand Medicare (http://www.Health-Access.org); and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (http://www. …


Sodium permanganate, sodium picrate (NaPic), Bu_4NPic, Me_4NPic, and Et_4NPic were extracted at an ionic strength of 2 × 10^−5 to 0.08 mol dm^−3 and 25°C from water (w)-phases into the organic (o)-ones, 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and nitrobenzene (NB). Thereby, apparent distribution constants ( K _D,±) of the anions (A^−) or the cations (M^+) and ion-pair formation ones ( K _MA^org) of the univalent salts (MA) in the o-phases were determined at 25°C, where K _D,± = ([A^−] _o[M^+]_o/ [A^−][M^+])^1/2 = ( K _DA K _D,M)^1/2 and K _MA^org = [MA]_o/[M^+]_o[A^−]_o. Also, the K _ex and K _D,MA values with A^− = Pic^−, MnO_4^− were estimated from the relations K _ex (= [MA]_o/[M^+][A^−]) = K _MA^org( K _D,±)^2 and = K _MA K _D,MA, respectively. Standard potentials (Δ ϕ _tr^0) for ion transfers at the w/DCE and w/NB interfaces were evaluated from the log K _D,A or log K _D,M values by assuming the relations K _D,Pic = K _D,Et4N and = K _D,Me4N, respectively. The thus-obtained Δ ϕ _tr^0 values, especially for the w/DCE system, were in good agreement with the values based on the extra-thermodynamic assumption for Ph_4As^+ and BPh_4^− transfers at the interfaces. In the present extraction systems, the ion-pair formation of MA in the w- and o-phases was less effective in the determination of their distribution constants into the two o-phases.


Obolodiplosis robiniae(Haldemann)(Diptera:Cecidomyiidae),native to North America,attacked leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia.The larvae(usually 3-8 individuals) gregariously fed inside the longitudinally rolling gall along the edges of leaf.The attacking rate on black locust trees was about 100% in outbreak.It had 5 generations a year and overwintered as pupa and mature larva in soil.The population reduced by 99.1% and 90.5% when imidacloprid 10% WP 1 000 times and beta-cypermethrin 4.5% EC 1 500 times were applied respectively.Platygster sp.was found as its parasitoid on larva and the parasitization was 93.4%.


This Comment argues that the act of state doctrine should not preclude the availability of mandatory jurisdiction under the penalty wage statute. Part I discusses the penalty wage statute and the act of state doctrine. Part II presents the factual and the procedural background of the Tismo decision. Part III argues that the court in Tismo erroneously applied the act of state doctrine to preclude the court's mandatory jurisdiction under the penalty wage statute. This Comment concludes that U.S. courts should retain mandatory jurisdiction over both penalty wage statute claims and related pendent claims in order to protect the welfare of sailors and the interests of U.S. port states. THE ACT OF STATE DOCTRINE AND MANDATORY JURISDICTION UNDER THE PENALTY WAGE STATUTE: TISMO v. M/V IPPOLYTOS


Abstract : The purpose of the work was the creation of an electrical generator with a superconducting inductor with 100 kW power for verification of the work capacity and effectiveness of the basic structural units. In addition, interest was shown in a comparison of the experimental data with the results of the calculations.


INFERD was created in the context of cyber security [25] as a decision aid tool to improve the analyst understanding of the situation and ultimately expedite their processing. To cope with the volumes and data rates of current sensed environments such as cyber security and others, decision aid tools must provide their assessment of the situation in a very time efficient manner. In most cases, this time constraint eliminates the possibility of some non polynomial approaches such as optimal inexact graph matching and must instead rely on heuristics to provide good results in a timely manner. INFERD's hierarchical fusion approach was developed to do such a task. The two forms of input to INFERD are in the form of a Guidance Template (a priori), and sensor data (runtime). The actual fusion process, both a parameterized and unparameterized approach, and how these two forms of input produce valuable output will be addressed throughout the paper. INFERD's unique approach to Information Fusion can arguably provide these basic advantages: (1) The flexibility of the system to be transitioned to different environments, (2) the level of abstraction of the output of the system compared to the specificity of the models, and (3) the rate at which INFERD can process data and produce results.


Let (X Δ) be a four-dimensional log variety that is projective over the field of complex numbers. Assume that (X, Δ) is not Kawamata log terminal (klt) but divisorial log terminal (dlt). First we introduce the notion of "log quasi-numerically positive", by relaxing that of "numerically positive". Next we prove that, if the log canonical divisorKX+Δ is log quasi-numerically positive on (X, Δ) then it is semi-ample.


Share the bases of love, and build long-term relationship between two persons that must work as a team to achieve goals together. Keep working on it!


This issue of the Hispanic Economic Outlooks contains the following articles: - Hispanic Employment Conditions - Recession, Return Migration, and Remittances - Hispanic Self Employment versus Paid Employment in the 2000s Formed in early 2009, the Hispanic Economic Outlook was designed to monitor and report on a host of Hispanic economic issues on a quarterly basis. The reports will regularly feature Hispanic employment conditions, while other topics will vary.


Large functional programs are often constructed by decomposing each big task into smaller tasks which can be performed by simpler functions. This hierarchical style of developing programs has been found to improve programmers' productivity because smaller functions are easier to construct and reuse. However, programs written in this way tend to be less efficient. Unnecessary intermediate data structures may be created. More function invocations may be required.
To reduce such performance penalties, Wadler proposed a transformation algorithm, called deforestation, which could automatically fuse certain composed expressions together in order to eliminate intermediate tree-like data structures. However, his technique is only applicable to a subset of first-order expressions.
This paper will generalise the deforestation technique to make it applicable to all first-order and higher-order functional programs. Our generalisation is made possible by the adoption of a model for safe fusion which views each function as a producer and its parameters as consumers. Through this model, static program properties are proposed to classify producers and consumers as either safe or unsafe. This classification is used to identify sub-terms that can be safely fused/eliminated. We present the generalised transformation algorithm as a set of syntax-directed rewrite rules, illustrate it with examples, and provide an outline of its termination proof.


The specific heat of nickel-based dilute alloys with the metals of the three transition series have been measured in the 1.2-10-K range with a precision of 0.1%. The electronic-specific-heat coefficient increases per unit impurity concentration at infinite dilution (in mJ/${\mathrm{K}}^{2}$ mole per unit atomic concentration) are $\frac{d\ensuremath{\gamma}}{\mathrm{dc}}{|}_{0}=18, 30, 43, \ensuremath{-}13$ for Ti, V, Cr, Mn, respectively (first series). For the second series, we found 35, 48, 40, - 1.5, 2.5 for Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, and Pd. For the third series (Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, and Pt) the results are 34, 44, 54, 69, 29, and 14. In the three series, a strong $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ increase is to be noticed when the virtual bound state repelled by the impurity potential from the majority-spin band $d\ensuremath{\uparrow}$ crosses the Fermi level. However, the agreement with the present state of the theory is only qualitative; it was found that when the virtual bound state sits at the Fermi level, the $\frac{d\ensuremath{\gamma}}{\mathrm{dc}}{|}_{0}$ values are much higher than expected. They remain important when the virtual bound state is well above the Fermi level, the expected value being zero in this case. The same qualitative agreement and quantitative discrepancies between theory and experiment also arise for nonmagnetic impurities in non-transition-metal matrices.


Extant research on the theory of the firm has stressed the need to consider interdependencies when analyzing firm boundary choices. We study the existence of interdependencies between boundary decisions using a unique database that includes detailed organizational information on 59% of the construction projects undertaken in the Chilean housing sector between the years 2005 and 2009. Specifically, we show that integration between design and construction activities increases the likelihood of integration between ownership/development and construction activities (and vice versa). This result is of a large magnitude, supporting the view that boundary choices need to be studied in relation to each other. A careful identification strategy also allows us to shed light on the mechanisms that likely drive this interdependency: a "coordination effect," a "transaction hazard effect," and a "production effect." The latter is shown to be the most important mechanism at work, suggesting that "boundary choice complementarity" is primarily motivated by the need to align investment incentives for the joint development of capabilities. Copyright 2013 The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved., Oxford University Press.


Fe K‐edge extended x‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data are presented for ferric neutralized Nafion membranes treated in various ways. The transmission experiments were performed at room temperature. Some complementary Mossbauer data are also provided. Attention is focused on the second major peak in the EXAFS radial structure functions. In ferric neutralized Nafion, whether dehydrated in air or under reduced pressure, this peak is attributed to the neighboring Fe of an oxo‐bridged dimer, Fe–O–Fe. This dimer transforms into a dihydroxo‐bridged dimer Fe OHOH Fe upon heating to 150 °C in vacuo. If the heat treatment is done in water then microcrystalline Fe2O3 is formed. Immersion of the ferric neutralized Nafion membrane in KCl, K2CO3, KOH aqueous solutions, or even exposure to NH4OH vapor, results in precipitation of iron inside the membrane. The precipitate has a Fe–O distance of 1.94±0.02 A and a Fe–Fe distance of 3.11±0.05 A. Edge‐sharing FeO6 octahedra form the basis of the precipitate structure.


Many authorities have shown great interest in the use of road humps as a means of slowing or diverting traffic using residential streets. Considerable work has gone into assessing the effect of humps on vehicles and consequent driver behaviour. However, little has been done to determine what physical effect the passage of vehicles is likely to have on the humps and the surrounding roadway. The tests carried out in this experiment were intended to investigate the effect of the passage of heavy vehicles on the pavement structure at, and in the immediate vicinity of, a hump site. A wheel force transducer fitted to the drive axle of a prime mover was used to measure dynamic forces exerted on the humps and adjacent road pavement. These were found to be unaffected by approach speed or modest approach grade when crossings were made at or below the advisory crossing speed of 20 km/h. Compared with an obstacle widely used to test the dynamic properties of truck suspensions, a road hump of recommended design would appear to be the source of modest increases in pavement loading. Since most of the dynamic loading will be restricted to the immediate area of the hump, some localised deterioration might be envisaged for heavy truck flows, but recent trials of road humps have indicated a diversion of up to 75 per cent of heavy vehicles once humps have been installed (a). The number of the covering abstract of the conference is TRIS No. 368448. (TRRL)


In this work, using the ArgusLab 4.0.1 software package, we carried out in silico modeling of A 2A receptor antagonists. We proposed N-(1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)carboxamides as potential biologically active substances. According to the results of molecular docking, all of the analyzed benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine derivatives were superior to ZM-241385 in the strength of the complex formed with the receptor. N-(1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-4-methylbenzamide, N-(1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-1-naphthamide and N-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-((6-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)amino)ethyl)benzamide formed the most stable complexes with the A 2A receptor. For all studied structures, an acute toxicity prediction for rats was made using the GUSAR program. In addition, the compounds studied were tested for compliance with Lipinski criteria.


Aim: The main purpose was to evaluate the effect of complete denture rehabilitation on the jaw growth pattern in individuals with ectodermal dysplasia from an early age to maturity. Settings and Design: This was a prospective in vivo study performed in the Department of Prosthodontics, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India. Materials and Methods: Rehabilitation with three sets of conventional complete dentures was completed in an ectodermal dysplasia case at the age of 5, 10, and 17 years. Cephalometric and diagnostic cast analyses were the methods performed to evaluate jaw growth patterns. Linear and angular measurements obtained after denture rehabilitation were averaged and compared with mean standard values of nearly corresponding ages, as given by Sakamoto and Bolton. Conversely, alveolar ridge arch width and length were evaluated for their dimensional changes during the same age intervals. Statistical Analysis Used: Mann–Whitney U-test was used to check the difference between the groups. The significance of the level adopted was 5%. Results: Nasion-anterior nasal spine, anterior nasal spine-menton, anterior nasal spine-pterygomaxillary fissure, gonion-sella, and gonion-menton lengths were found to be not statistically significant than the mean standard values of nearly corresponding ages (P > 0.05). The decrease in facial plane angle, increase in Y-axis angle, and mandibular plane angle after complete denture rehabilitation were statistically significant when compared to their mean standard values (P < 0.05). Cast analysis showed more increase in the length compared to the width in both arches. Conclusion: Complete denture rehabilitation did not significantly affect the jaw growth pattern, although it improved facial esthetics and masticatory activity by establishing adequate vertical dimensions.


Tracking seed dispersal using traditional, direct measurement approaches is difficult and generally underestimates dispersal distances. Variation in chloroplast haplotypes (cpDNA) offers a way to trace past seed dispersal and to make inferences about factors contributing to present patterns of dispersal. Although cpDNA generally has low levels of intraspecific variation, this can be overcome by assaying the whole chloroplast genome. Whole-genome sequencing is more expensive, but resources can be conserved by pooling samples. Unfortunately, haplotype associations among SNPs are lost in pooled samples and treating SNP frequencies as independent estimates of variation provides biased estimates of genetic distance. I have developed an application, CallHap, that uses a least-squares algorithm to evaluate the fit between observed and predicted SNP frequencies from pooled samples based on network topology, thus enabling pooling for chloroplast sequencing for large-scale studies of chloroplast genomic variation. This method was tested using artificially-constructed test networks and pools, and pooled samples of Lasthenia californica (California goldfields) from Whetstone Prairie, in Southern Oregon, USA. In test networks, CallHap reliably recovered network topologies and haplotype frequencies. Overall, the CallHap pipeline allows for the efficient use of resources for estimation of genetic distance for studies using non-recombining, wholegenome haplotypes, such as intra-specific variation in chloroplast, mitochondrial, bacterial, or viral DNA.


Abstrcat The problem of logistics is analyzed, and the ecommerce information system of the third party logistics in supply chain is proposed. B/S three layer architecture and the integrated mode of material flow, information flow and capital flow are introduced. Information system is described in detail. Finally, the application of the system for three flow integration and logistics reconstruction are presented.


This document presents the current state of fault modeling research and lists research options that leverage the Carafe-Nemesis software packages and the knowledge gained from their use.


Solenocera crassicornis is a commercially important shrimp of the Solenoceridae family. The current study investigated the morphology, molecular identification, phylogenetic relationships, and population dynamics of S. crassicornis in Egypt. Samples were collected monthly (total, 1722; male = 40.19%, wet weight, 0.89–10.77 g; female = 59.81%, wet weight, 1.55–19.24 g) from Al-Attaka commercial catch in the Gulf of Suez in the Red Sea. Two barcode markers, 18S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), were used for molecular identification. COI partial sequences were used to construct the phylogenetic relationships among different species of genus Solenocera and to infer the origin of the studied Solenocera crassicornis. The applied molecular markers successfully identified the studied species to the species level. The genetic distances among S. crassicornis sequences from different countries revealed the Indo-West Pacific origin of S. crassicornis. The relationship between total length (TL) and total weight (TW) was TW = 0.035TL2.275 and r2 = 0.805 for males and TW = 0.007TL3.036 and r2 = 0.883 for females, indicating that females were heavier than males. Despite its social and economic relevance in the area, information on the hatching, larval rearing, and farming of S. crassicornis is scarce and requires future studies under Egyptian conditions.


Creative industries development has been underway in the city of Stoke-on-Trent for the past fifteen years. Two urban quarters, a creative industries network, 'design-led' regeneration initiatives, and live-work spaces for craft businesses are some of the main projects undertaken in this period. In the past year, this raft of developments has been augmented by a creative industries mapping exercise, and a subsequent funding bid that seeks to draw on UK government and European structural funds in order to act on the research findings, and to put their recommendations into operation. This paper reviews this process both in terms of the political, economic, social, cultural and spatial context of the city, and in terms of broader urban agendas. It provides something of a corrective to the rather 'rose-tinted' picture often drawn of the role and significance of the creative industries for future economic and cultural well-being. Stoke-on-Trent: 'The most working-class city in England'


: In order make changes with the growing markets and to increase the feasibility to improvise the quality. To improve and enhance the quality by implementing tools so to bring a new revolution in production shop floor and to maintain continuous improvement in the firm. To withstand the quality in today's terms of markets by maintaining good relationship between company market and customers so as to fulfill the required conditions of customers by taking into consideration quality and production and also workers satisfaction. All this is possible by overcoming the hindrances and to implement effectively the tools that are abibe to Total quality management to also make profitable to firm and feasible to customers.


This research will focus on constructing an analytical model for Web 2.0 applications through making a systematic analysis on emerging web practices, to talk about a strategic, systematic plan of Web 2.0 in e-government Web sites. To achieve this mission, we suggest applying dialogic communication theory (Kent & Taylor, 1998) that has been developed in public relations, to create an analytic model of the various types of Web 2.0 applications for building better e-government Web sites.


Bakhtin (1895-1975), who was a Russian literary critic and philosopher, has made significant contributions to the terminology of literary theory, such as dialogism, polyphony and carnavalism.He examined the works of Dostoevsky to unpack the difference between Dostoevsky's oeuvre and the other homophonic, that is single voiced novels. In these novels, characters are set and fixed whereas Dostoevsky's characters are unfinalizable and they are defined 'by the word of the other, so that the plot is drawn within the interaction between the characters not by the authorial ideal. In his Rabelais and His World (1965), Bakhtin underlines two important terms, 'carnival' as a social institution and grotesque realism as a literary mode. Carnivalism is used to refer to the collectivity of the society, that is people forming a unity coming from different socioeconomic or racial backgrounds. Throughout a carnival, an individual is renewed by exchanging bodies through wearing masks and costumes. Here, the focus seems to be on the awareness of one's sensual, material, bodily unity and community. By focusing on the body, Bakhtin combines the carnival with the grotesque which determines the carnival's stress on the bodily changes through eating, evacuation and sexuality. Iris Murdoch (1919-1999), who has unpredictable plots with characters from different layers of society and undermines the ideal civilized upper-class communities, has presented her reader with the themes of morality, good and evil in her novels. The aim of this paper is to read The Italian Girl (1964) using Baktinian criticism to interpret the renewal of her characters after they have connected the characters stigmatised as 'the Other' in the society, like the Jewish siblings who come from Russia and the Italian Girl, the governess of the family.


The paper introduces how to make and output cartoon exemplifying crankcase of ring's movement by using CAXA solid design,it also introduces its detailed design process: three-dimensional molding;assembly;rendering;making cartoon.This method makes quiescent abstract content vivid and visual,it makes mechanism's principle of work be clear at a glance and its design works well.


To underpin the concern that environmental change can flip an ecosystem from stable persistence to sudden total collapse, we consider a class of so-called ecoepidemic models, predator – prey/host – parasite systems, in which a base species is prey to a predator species and host to a micro-parasite species. Our model uses generalized frequency-dependent incidence for the disease transmission and mass action kinetics for predation. We show that a large variety of dynamics can arise, ranging from dynamic persistence of all three species to either total ecosystem collapse caused by high transmissibility of the parasite on the one hand or to parasite extinction and prey-predator survival due to low parasite transmissibility on the other hand. We identify a threshold parameter (tipping number) for the transition of the ecosystem from uniform prey/host persistence to total extinction under suitable initial conditions.


A lecture intended to provide a general background in weapons effects is presented. Specific areas of nuclear explosion phenomena pertinent to the design of hardened systems discussed include nuclear radiation and shielding, fireball growth and effects, thermal radiation, air blast, cratering and throwout, ground shock effects, fallout, and afterwinds. (J.R.D.)


The paper analyzes the development of law enforcement regarding the ability of certain contractual structures to change the legal regime of the marital property. Prior to the introduction of a mandatory notarial form of an agreement on the marital property division (Federal Law No. 391-FZ of December 29, 2015 «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation») and clarification in paragraph 1 of Article 256 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of the type of contract establishing the legal regime of the community property (Federal Law No. 217-FZ of July 19, 2018 «On Amendments to Article 256 of Part One and Part Three of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation»), law enforcement proceeded from the possibility of changing the community property regime (or part thereof) both following a marriage contract and any other agreement (contract) that does not contradict the current legislation. After legislative changes, the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography, the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation took different positions. In the activities of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, there has been a tendency not to qualify the terms of purchase and sale agreements, participation in shared construction and other transactions involving the emergence of shared ownership of spouses as a contract containing elements of an agreement on the community property division or a prenuptial agreement. The discrepancies between the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation and the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the form of the transaction concluded in fulfillment of the obligation of the recipient of the state certificate for maternal (family) capital to purchase a real estate object in the shared ownership of the second spouse and children are revealed. It is concluded that the dilemma between the freedom of choice of legal forms for the spouses to achieve the desired legal result with minimizing organizational, time and material costs, on the one hand, and ensuring that each of the spouses understands the coming legal consequences (which should be facilitated by notarization of the transaction) on the other hand, should be allowed at the legislative level.


Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) consist of a sizable part of genomes and play a crucial role in the function of genes and the organization of the genome. The complete availability of a genome sequence for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) provides the possibility of accomplishing a genome-wide analysis of SSRs in this species. I analyzed the abundance and density of perfect SSRs in the Nile tilapia genome and observed a sum of 252,047 microsatellites with 1–6 bp nucleotide motifs. This indicates that about 2.7 % of the Nile tilapia whole genome sequence (927.77Mb) is made up of perfect SSRs, with an average length of 135.68bp/Mb. The average density and frequency of perfect SSRs were 271.69 loci/Mb and 5834.46 bp/Mb, respectively. The six classes of perfect SSRs proportional distribution within the Nile tilapia genome were not even. Dinucleotide repeats (40.13 %) with a total count of 101145 of an average length of 26.11 bp happen to be the most abundant class of SSRs, while the percentages of mononucleotide, trinucleotide, tetranucleotide, pentanucleotide, and hexanucleotide repeats was 31.88 %, 11.98 %, 11.52 %, 4.22 %, and 0.26 %, accordingly. The various classes of SSRs repeat differ in their number of repeats with the highest being 95. My results indicate that 21 motifs contain the prevalent categories with a frequency above 1 locus/Mb: A, AAC, AAG, AATAG, AATTC, AC, AG, AGAT, AT, ATCT, ATG, ATGG, ATT, ATTT, C, CCT, CTG, CTTT, GT, GTTT.


ABSTRACT This article focuses on the ways that threatened heritage sites are caught up in complex deliberations of UNESCO's World Heritage Committee around inscription to the List of World Heritage in Danger. Through quantitative and qualitative analyses of Committee decision-making from 1979–2018, we observe geopolitical inequity and bureaucratic inefficacy characterizing the implementation of the List in Danger that prevent the realization of its envisioned purpose as a collaborative tool for garnering international investment in preservation. We argue that this situation stems from the development of diplomatic practices used by powerful States Parties to ensure their sites are only ever "considered" rather than "inscribed" on the List in Danger. The proliferation of "consideration" for the List in Danger effectively erases situations of danger rather than resolving threats in any real sense, subjecting endangered sites on the World Heritage List to further peril.


Objective: This study reports on a 5-year follow-up after transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) from benign prostatic obstruction using a lower power treatment protocol. Material and methods: Ninety-one patients with uncomplicated benign prostatic obstruction were treated in a 1-h session using the PRIMUS U + R device. Results: Twenty-nine (32%) of the patients were evaluable after 5 years, while 42 had received additional treatment for their lower urinary tract symptoms. In the 29 patients without additional therapy after TUMT, the decrease in the International Prostate Symptom Score was 37% compared with the pretreatment value. A moderate increase in peak uroflow, seen 1 year after TUMT, was not confirmed in an extended follow-up. Patients still on TUMT monotherapy after 5 years had smaller prostates from the outset than the group receiving additional treatment. No serious side-effects were observed. Conclusion: Lower power TUMT has a symptomatic effect of limited duration in most cases; in the long-term perspective only a minority of patients will benefit from this treatment.


A fun topic for April, one that is not an April fool's joke, is that you can purchase a commodity 200+ Gflop (single-precision) Linux supercomputer for around $600 from your favorite electronic vendor. Yes, it's true. Just walk in and ask for a Sony Playstation 3 (PS3), take it home and install Linux on it. IBM has provided an excellent tutorial for installing Linux and building applications at http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/power/library/pa-linuxps3-1. If you want to raise some eyebrows at work, then submit a purchase request for a Sony PS3 game console and watch the reactions as your paperwork wends its way through the procurement process.


Background A mechanical thrombectomy technique using a double stent retriever (DSR) approach has been reported for the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to perform a benchtop evaluation of the mechanism of action and efficacy of a DSR approach compared to a single stent retriever approach. Methods In vitro mechanical thrombectomy procedures were performed in a vascular phantom reproducing a M1-M2 occlusion with two different clot analog consistencies (soft and hard). We compared the DSR approach to the single stent retriever approach and recorded the recanalisation rate, distal embolization, and retrieval forces of each mechanical thrombectomy procedure. Results The DSR approach achieved a higher recanalization rate and lower embolic complications compared to the single stent retriever approach. This seems to stem from two facts: the greater probability of targeting the correct artery with two stents in the case of bifurcation occlusion, and an improved clot capture mechanism using the DSR approach. However, the DSR was associated with an increased initial retrieval force. Conclusions In vitro evaluation of the mechanism of action of the DSR provided explanations that appear to support the high efficacy of such an approach in patient cohorts and could help operators when selecting the optimal mechanical thrombectomy strategy in cases of arterial occlusions difficult to treat with a single stent retriever.


A study of the relationship of population growth to the frequency of hospitalized mental illness and suicide in fifty Massachusetts communities indicates that rapidly growing communities tend to produce significantly higher rates of hospitalized depressive disorders and suicide, but not of schizophrenia, alcoholism, or other mental disorders. Alternative explanations of the findings are that (1) the higher rates of depression and suicide are a factor of the social disorganization associated with rapid growth of small intimate communities and/or (2) these rates can be accounted for by selective migration of depression-prone individuals.


ABSTRACT Three Jurassic natural gas trends can be delineated in southwestern Alabama and the Florida panhandle area. These include a deep natural gas trend, a natural gas and condensate trend, and an oil and associated natural gas trend. Trends are recognized by hydrocarbon types, basinal positions, and relationships to regional structural features. Within these natural gas trends, eight distinct natural gas plays can be identified. Plays are recognized by characteristic hydrocarbon traps and reservoirs. The deep natural gas trend includes the Mobile Bay area play that is characterized by structural hydrocarbon traps associated with salt tectonism and Norphlet sandstone reservoirs at depths exceeding 20,000 feet. The natural gas and condensate trend includes the Mississippi interior salt basin play, the Mobile graben play, the Wiggins arch complex play, and the Pollard fault system play. The Mississippi interior salt basin play is typified by salt-related structural and combination hydrocarbon traps and Smackover dolomitized oolitic, oncolitic, and peloidal grainstone and packstone reservoirs at depths of approximately 16,000 feet. The Mobile graben play is exemplified by salt-induced structural hydrocarbon traps and Smackover dolostone and Norphlet sandstone reservoirs at depths ranging from 12,400 to 18,400 feet. The Wiggins arch complex play is characterized by structural and combination hydrocarbon traps associated with stratigraphic pinch-outs and salt flow. These traps are salt-related and occur along the flanks of paleohighs associated with the Wiggins arch complex. Smackover dolostone reservoirs at depths ranging from 16,100 to 18,400 feet are typical of this play. The Pollard fault system play is typified by salt-induced structural hydrocarbon traps and reservoirs at depths of approximately 15,000 feet. These reservoirs are Smackover dolomitized oolitic and peloidal grainstones and packstones and Norphlet sandstones. The oil and associated natural gas trend includes the Gilbertown and West Bend fault systems play, the Foshee fault system play, and the basement ridge play. The Gilbertown and West Bend fault systems play is exemplified by salt-related structural or combination traps and Smackover dolomitized oolitic, oncolitic, and peloidal grainstone and packstone reservoirs and Norphlet sandstone reservoirs at depths ranging from 11,000 to 14,000 feet. The Foshee fault system play is characterized by structural and combination hydrocarbon traps related to salt movement and Smackover dolomitized peloidal grainstone and packstone and Norphlet sandstone reservoirs at depths of approximately 15,000 feet. The basement ridge play, which is typified by structural and combination traps associated with the Conecuh and Pensacola-Decatur ridge complexes and Smackover oolitic and peloidal grainstone and packstone and algal boundstone and Haynesville sandstone reservoirs at depths ranging from 11,800 to 15,500 feet, has potential for significant undiscovered natural gas.


We analyze the phase structure of the nonlinear mean-field meson theory of baryonic matter (nucleons plus delta resonances). Depending on the choice of the coupling constants, we find three physically distinct phase transitions in this theory: a nucleonic liquid-gas transition in the low temperature, T, < 20 MeV, low density, p=0.5po, regime, a high-temperature ( T z 150 MeV) finite density transition from a gas of massive hadrons to a nearly massless baryon, antibaryon plasma, and, third, a strong phase transition from the nucleonic fluid to a resonance-dominated "deltamatter'' isomer at p 12po and T, < 50 MeV. All three phase transitions are of first order. It is shown that the occurrence of these different phase transitions depends critically on the coupling constants. Since the production of pions also depends strongly on the coupling constants, it is Seen that the equation of state cannot be derived unambiguously from pion data.


Visual question answering (VQA) lies at the intersection of language and vision research. It functions as a building block for multimodal conversational AI and serves as a testbed for assessing a model's capability for open-domain scene understanding. While progress in this area was initially accelerated with the 2015 release of the popular and large dataset "VQA", new datasets are required to continue this research momentum. For example, the 2019 Outside Knowledge VQA dataset "OKVQA" extends VQA by adding more challenging questions that require complex, factual, and commonsense knowledge. However, in our analysis, we found that 41.4% of the dataset needed to be corrected and 10.6% needed to be removed. This paper describes the analysis, corrections, and removals completed and presents a new dataset: OK-VQA Version 2.0. To gain insights into the impact of the changes on OK-VQA research, the paper presents results on state-of-the-art models retrained with this new dataset. The side-by-side comparisons show that one method in particular, Knowledge Augmented Transformer for Vision-and-Language, extends its relative lead over competing methods. The dataset is available online.1


The sensitivity of Ag can be enhanced about one time when Ni is used as a matrix modifier, and adding citric acid can also enhance the sensitivity of Ag. It is simple and quick to determine trace Ag in the high temperature Ni-based alloy using the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry , the relative standard deviation is 6.7%, and the recovery rate is between 97.5%~104.0%.


Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. The advancement of next‐generation sequencing technologies now enables the landscape of genetic alterations in HNSCCs to be deciphered. In this review, we describe the mutation spectrum discovered in HNSCCs, especially human papilloma virus–associated and/or tobacco smoke exposure–associated HNSCCs. We also describe related research from two independent investigators and from the Cancer Genome Atlas. Emphasis is placed on the therapeutic implications of genes frequently altered in HNSCCs (i.e., TP53, PIK3CA, and NOTCH1) and their corresponding pathways, with a particular focus on recent findings of Notch signaling pathway activation in HNSCC. We also discuss the application of integrated genomic pathway–based analysis for precision cancer therapy in HNSCC.


The traditional power system stabilizer (PSS) usually configures parameters in off-line circumstances and can't adapt to the variations of power system operating modes well. Based on the prony algorithm, this paper presents a parameter self-tuning PSS. After identifying the system reduced model, it recognizes the real-time low frequency oscillation characteristics of system based on the online prony and uses the dominant mode frequency to complete self-tuning parameters of PSS. The simulation results in IEEE 4-11 system show that the self-tuning PSS based on prony algorithm can adapt to the variations of power system operating modes and restrain low frequency oscillation system better, then improve the stability of the system.


Six names Cicero, and why one model is never enough Sub Title Author Tancredi, Christopher Publisher Centre for Advanced Research on Logic and Sensibility The Global Centers of Excellence Program, Keio University Publication year 2009 Jtitle CARLS series of advanced study of logic and sensibility Vol.2, (2008. ) ,p.215232 Abstract Notes Part 3 : Cognition and Language Genre Research Paper URL https://koara.lib.keio.ac.jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php?koara_id=KO12002001-2009033 1-0215


During a search for previously unknown Galactic emission nebulae, we discovered a faint 36' diameter Halpha emission nebula centered around the periodic variable YY Hya. Although this star has been classified as RR-Lyr variable, such a classification is inconsistent Gaia distance of ~450 pc. GALEX image data also shows YY Hya to have a strong UV excess, suggesting the existence of a hot, compact binary companion. In addition to our discovery image data, we obtained image of the region with CHILESCOPE time-series spectroscopy at MDM observatory. Also, we used data from various space missions to derive an exact orbital period and a SED. We find that YY Hya is a compact binary system containing a K dwarf star which is strongly irradiated by a hot WD companion. The spectral characteristics of the emission lines, visible only during maximum light of the perfectly sinusoidal optical}light curve shows signatures much like members of the BE UMa variable family. These are post common envelope pre-cataclysmic variables. However the companion star here is more massive than found in other group members and the progenitor of the white dwarf must have been a 3 to 4 Mo star. The nebula seems to be an ejected common envelope shell with a mass in the order of one Mo and an age of 500000 years. This makes it to be the biggest hitherto known such shell. Alignment of neighboring nebulosities some 45' to the northeast and southwest of YY Hya suggests that the system had strong bipolar outflows. We briefly speculate it might be related to the 1065 BP"guest-star"reported in ancient Chinese records as well.


According to the progress of the antibiotic medicine, the severe infection case is decreasing recently. We recently experienced a case of temporal fossa abscess caused by periapical periodontitis the upper left side of the second molar. A 79-year-old woman visited to Showa University Dental Hospital complaining of the painful swelling at the left side of the temporal and trismus. The routine blood test exhibited a severe inflammation. We performed drainage treatment at temporal skin and normal oral bacterial flora was detected by the bacteriological examination. Under treatment included the administration of antibiotics, the inflammation healed without serious complication and she recovered completely.


normal, noncancerous brain cells which render the process of measuring the tumour area/volume a critical factor in modern intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) planning and further treatment course selection. Deep learning algorithms have been applied in numerous industries with great success. Researchers, together with developers, have produced evidence for many concept solutions that fully utilize algorithms based on advanced statistics. Nevertheless, there have been relatively few revolutionary deployments of deep learning systems over the last decade in common radiology practices. In modern research, there is a trend of attempting to work using medical data in healthcare environment application and transformation, which requires appropriate standards and frameworks in order to achieve applicable outcomes. Initial efforts have the potential result of shaping medical image processing, which in turn has influence on computing software deployment. This paper proposes a universal and complex framework for two parts of the dose control process: tumours detection and tumours area segmentation, based on medical images. The framework is comprehensive and addresses the main challenges when working with medical data and applying modern deep learning techniques for automated tumour detection and segmentation. The framework is applied to shape CADx and CADe systems in the healthcare industry to assist doctors and facilitate their work. CADx/CADe objectives are achieved with the use of classification, detection, and prediction, while image processing tasks are performed with image segmentation, registration, and generation [3].


Abstract This paper investigates and develops generalizations of two-dimensional modal logics to any finite dimension. These logics are natural extensions of multidimensional systems known from the literature on logics for a priori knowledge. We prove a completeness theorem for propositional n-dimensional modal logics and show them to be decidable by means of a systematic tableau construction.


The present paper discusses a new, more stable, astigmatic Herriott cell employing carbon fiber stabilizing rods. Laboratory tests revealed a factor of two improvement in measurement stability compared with a present commercial design.


In previous papers, we proposed a model that high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) observed in black-hole and neutron-star X-ray binaries are disk oscillations (inertial-acoustic and/or g-mode oscillations) resonantly excited on warped disks. In this paper we examine whether time variations of the QPOs and their frequenc yc orrelations observed in neutron-star X-ray binaries can be accounted for by this disk-oscillation model. By assuming that a warp has a time-dependent precession, we can well describe the observed frequency correlations among kHz QPOs and low-frequency QPOs over a wide range of frequencies.


Some new progresses in thin slab continuous casting and rollling technique, such as thin and ultra-thin gauge strip rolling,surface quality,properties of thin gauge products,steel grade are analyzed and discussed.It is pointed out that the main orientation of the technique development is to replace cold rolled strip with hot rolled products and to produce the hot rolled coil as the raw material for cold rolling of strip,used to produce the automobile outside parts.


A single supply charge-sensitive amplifier is described here.This amplifier is based on JFET 3DJ7I and op-amp INA155,and has characteristic of low power supply and low power consumption.It's suitable for being used in portable low power instruments,such as semiconductor detector personal dosimeter.


due to the ex- Safety Specialist and Entomologist, Stateleaves in these untreated replicates. De- of ~~~i~~~~~~~~~l ~~~i~~l~~~, university foliation was apparent.


Data are presented on the occurrence of the typical and melanic forms of P. titea (Cramer) in Leverett, Massachusetts from 1968-1970. Leverett is located in a rural area, where lichens abound on trees which are not noticeably darkened by soot. Melanics comprised 20.4% of the sampled P. titea population (491 individuals). Melanic percentages varied little from year to year, and from week to week within each year. However, melanic moths were taken most frequently during the first hour of activity in the evening. In 1969 and 1970, P. titea of both forms were color-marked as they rested at lights. Total re capture percentages of the typical and melanic forms were not significantly different. The implications of these results are discussed with reference to the widely-accepted explanation of industrial melanism in England. The spread of melanism among many moths of Europe and North America is providing an unprecedented opportunity for studying evolution in action. Since the mid-1800's in England and Europe, and more recently in North Amer ica, many geometrid and noctuid species have exhibited a dramatic increase in the occurrence of melanic forms. From the extensive studies of Kettlewell and his associates, particularly on Biston betularia (L.) (Geometridae) in England, the folowing major findings have emerged: 1. melanism is usually controlled by a single gene, the allele for black ordinarily being dominant to that for pale or typical coloration (Kettlewell, 1959); 2. melanic individuals appear to be more viable than typicals (Ford, 1937, 1964; Kettlewell, 1958a), and may exhibit other behavioral and physiological differences-e.g. in larval habits (Kettlewell, 1958a, 1961), courtship and mating (Kettlewell, 1957), and back ground selections (Kettlewell, 1955a); 3. melanic forms have increased in relative abundance in recent times, particularly in industrial areas (Kettlewell, 1958b); 4. melanic individuals are at a selective advantage in industrial areas, and at a selective disadvantage in rural areas, when compared with typical in dividuals; and differential predation by birds on the two forms contributes significantly to the selective advantage or disadvantage observed (Kettlewell, 1955b,1956). A general explanation for industrial melanism, emphasizing the cryptic ad vantage of melanics in industrial areas (Kettlewell, 1958a), has now gained wide acceptance. In this view, melanics are favored wherever air pollutants act to darken tree trunks through the killing of epiphytic lichens and the deposition NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, LXXIX: 122-129. September, 1971. This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Thu, 30 Jun 2016 04:07:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOL. LXXIX, SEPTEMBER, 1971 123 of soot. Ample experimental data support this explanation in the case of B. betularia (for an extended review of this topic, see Ford, 1964). There are, however, a number of findings which suggest that an explanation based on cryptic advantage may not suffice for all instances of increased mela nism. Thus, for example, while most cases of recent melanism involve bark-like cryptic insects, at least one warningly-colored beetle, Adalia bipunctata L., is displaying an increase in melanic frequencies in industrial areas (Creed, 1966). Another problem is posed by the extent of melanism in ostensibly rural areas (i.e. where the trees are not devoid of lichens, and are not noticeably darkened by soot). The present study area in Massachusetts is an example. Here melanic frequencies are high in several geometrids, and these melanics, like their typical counterparts, prefer light backgrounds (Sargent, 1968, 1969)-a preference which would seem to put them at a considerable cryptic disadvantage. A further difficulty is posed by the recent finding that a steep dine exists in the melanic frequencies of Gonodontis bidentata Clerck (Geometridae) across the city of Liverpool (Bishop and Harper, 1970). These last few studies suggest that the incidence of melanism in some cases may be related to effects of industrialization other than observable environmental darkening. Possible pollution effects on the insects, perhaps acting on the larvae through chemical contamination of the vegetation, would seem to warrant further investigation in this regard. It may be that the superior viability of melanics, stressed some years ago by Ford (1937, 1940), has been generally underestimated in recent discussions regarding the selective advantage of mela nism. Older ideas attributing melanic success in industrial areas to relaxed selec tion pressure from predators might also bear some re-examination in light of these recent findings. The relatively recent rise and spread of melanism among North American moths (Owen, 1961, 1962) may provide opportunities for study which are no longer available in England and Europe. Thus far, however, few studies have been carried out. Klots (1964, 1966, 1968a,b) has described increasing mela nism among noctuids in Connecticut, and has conducted some breeding studies on the species involved. Kettlewell (1965) has provided a genetic analysis of crosses involving Biston betularia and the North American B. cognataria (Guenee). Sargent (1966, 1968, 1969), on the basis of experimental studies of background selections, has suggested that some North American melanics may not yet have evolved appropriate background preferences, as B. betularia in England appears to have done (Kettlewell, 1955a). There is need for carefully acquired data on melanism in North America, and the present study is an attempt to gather such data over a period of years in an area where increasing industrialization, and consequent increasing environ mental pollution, seem likely. It is hoped that this study will serve to stimulate others to obtain similar data in their areas; provide accurate data for later This content downloaded from 188.8.131.52 on Thu, 30 Jun 2016 04:07:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 124 NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY comparative purposes; and increase our knowledge and understanding of the entire phenomenon of industrial melanism.


Reviews the book "The Skilled Facilitator. A Comprehensive Resource for Consultants, Facilitators, Managers, Trainers, and Coaches," 2nd ed., by Roger Schwarz.


BACKGROUND
Treatment with immunosuppressive drugs (IS) after transplantation is accompanied by severe side effects. A limited number of studies have investigated the effect of IS withdrawal on IS-related comorbidities after liver transplantation (LTx) and the results are contradictory.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We determined in a retrospective case-control study the clinical effects of complete IS withdrawal in operationally tolerant (TOL) LTx recipients who discontinued IS 10.8±5.1 years after LTx (n=13) compared with a completely matched control (CTRL) group with a regular IS regimen (n=22). TOL recipients have been IS and rejection free for 4.0±2.8 years.

RESULTS
IS withdrawal in TOL recipients resulted in lower low-density lipoprotein levels (P=0.027), whereas this was not observed in the CTRL group. Furthermore, persistent infections in individual recipients were resolved successfully by IS withdrawal. TOL recipients also had significantly fewer de novo infections after IS withdrawal (TOL pre vs. post withdrawal P=0.0247) compared with recipients continued on IS during the same follow-up period (post withdrawal TOL vs. CTRL P=0.044). Unfortunately, no improvement in kidney function, and lower rates of de novo occurrences of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and malignancies were observed in the TOL group after IS withdrawal compared with the CTRL group during the same follow-up time period.

CONCLUSION
IS withdrawal late after LTx reduces infection rates and low-density lipoprotein levels, but other IS-related side effects persist late after LTx. An accurate tolerance immune profile enabling identification of tolerant LTx recipients eligible for safe IS withdrawal earlier after transplantation is needed to prevent the development of irreversible IS-related side effects.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.


SUMMARY Donoho & Johnstone's WaveShrink procedure has proved valuable for function estimation and nonparametric regression. WaveShrink is based on the principle of shrinking wavelet coefficients towards zero to remove noise. WaveShrink has very broad asymptotic near-optimality properties and achieves the optimal risk to within a factor of log n. In this paper, we derive computationally efficient formulae for computing the exact bias, variance and L2 risk of WaveShrink estimates in finite sample situations. We use these formulae to understand the behaviour of WaveShrink estimators, construct approximate confidence intervals and bias estimates for WaveShrink and compute ideal thresholds for a given function. We show that hard shrinkage has smaller bias but larger variance than soft shrinkage, and that significantly smaller thresholds should be used for soft shrinkage. We also compute minimax thresholds for WaveShrink estimators and demonstrate that the minimax thresholds can nearly achieve the ideal rank for a range of functions.


Background: Ubiquitination is essential for regulation of MHC class II molecules. Results: Multiple elements in the transmembrane region of HLA-DR influence interaction with MARCH8. Conclusion: Sequences in the TM region of MHC class II molecules control recognition by different MARCH E3 ligases. Significance: MHC class II isotypes are subject to differential post-translational regulation by different MARCH E3 ligases. MARCH E3 ligases play a key role in controlling MHC class II surface expression by regulated ubiquitination of a lysine residue in the β-chain. Little is known concerning how these enzymes target their specific substrates. Here we show that recognition of HLA-DR by MARCH proteins is complex. Several features associated with the transmembrane domain and bordering regions influence the overall efficiency of receptor internalization. A cluster of residues at the interface of the lipid bilayer and the cytosol plays the most important role in MARCH8 recognition of HLA-DRβ. Variation in this sequence also determines specificity of MARCH9 for HLA-DQ. Residues located in helical face four of HLA-DRβ together with a charged residue at the boundary with the stalk region also contribute significantly to recognition. Truncation analysis suggested that a dileucine-like motif in the DRβ cytoplasmic tail influences the efficiency of co-localization of HLA-DR with MARCH8. The DRβ-encoded acceptor lysine functioned optimally when placed in its natural location relative to the bilayer. In the DRα/DRβ dimer most other amino acids in the cytoplasmic tail could be substituted for alanine with minimal influence on function. Our data support a model whereby multiple features of HLA-DR are involved in substrate recognition by MARCH8. The single most important region is located at the interface between the transmembrane domain and the cytosol. Variation in sequence in this location between different class II isotypes controls efficiency of recognition by different MARCH E3 ligases.


The principle and character of laser-EMAT testing technique have been introduced in detail in this work.The method used to test the defects in the steel(including the surface,sub-surface and inner defects) has been investigated.The laser-EMAT testing system was set up,and the experiments were carried out on the steel specimen containing the surface crack(30 mm×0.2 mm×0.2 mm),sub-surface hole(Ф3 mm×30 mm) and inner hole(Ф3 mm×30 mm).The results showed that the method was suitable for testing steel.There is a clear prospect of laser-EMAT testing technique applied to test metal materials at high temperature,corrosion or high speed conditions.


Abstract : Compressed gas guns are used at the Harry Diamond Laboratories (HDL) to test fuzes and fuze components. Calculations were made to describe the performance of both existing HDL gas guns and planned future HDL gas guns. In the latter case, chamber diameter and chamber length were varied to evaluate their effect on projectile velocity. These results permit selection of an optimum chamber geometry.


The invention discloses shoe polish and a preparing method thereof. The shoe polish comprises the raw materials of, by weight, 10-18 parts of beewax, 8-10 parts of organic silicone surfactants, 20-30 parts of lemon oil, 5-10 parts of water soluble macadamia nut oil, 3-6 parts of isododecane, 1-2 parts of pyrethrins, 0.1-0.5 part of tocopherol, 0.1-0.5 part of isopropyl palmitate and 40-60 parts of water. The shoe polish is safe and nontoxic, has the advantages of dirt removing, water resistance, insert prevention and shine, and can increase mechanical strength of leather shoes and prolong the service life of the leather shoes.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of internal fixation technique with C2 translaminar screws on atlantoaxial instability.Methods From July 2007 to October 2011,the clinical data of 26 patients with atlantoaxial instability underwent internal fixation technique with C2 translaminar screws were retrospectively analyzed.There were 21 cases of Anderson type Ⅱ and Ⅲ odontoid fractures,3 cases of congenital loose odontoid combined with atlantoaxial instability,and 2 cases of axis transverse ligament rupture.All patients had the symptoms of atlantoaxial instability or subluxation,such as craniocervical junction pain,activity limitation.Posterior vertex screw rod system was used for internal fixation.Results A total of 49 C2 translaminar screws were placed in the 26 patients.There were no complications,such as spinal cord injury or vertebral artery injury during operation.All patients were followed-up for 6-26 months,average 17 months.The clinical symptoms were improved in different degrees after operation,and all screws had good position reviewed by digital DR and CT scans.No cases of screw loosening or nail broken were observed,no obvious reset loss,all patients had bone healing at 3 to 4 months after operation.Conclusions The effect of internal fixation technique with C2 translaminar screws on atlantoaxial instability is good,and the surgical procedure is simple and safe,so it can be a supplementary method for traditional C2 internal fixation.

Key words:
C2 translaminar screws ;  Atlas ;  Axis ;  Internal fixation ;  Atlantoaxial instability


Integrating distributed generations (DGs) into the power system has significantly increased the significance of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in improving system performance. This research aims to define the optimal BESS installation and operation using an Improved Neural Network Algorithm (INNA) to maximize its benefits within the radial distribution system (RDS) integrated with DGs. The INNA integrates a Simple Quadratic Interpolation (SQI) strategy to improve searchability. The optimal BESS installation and operation problem aims to reduce the energy cost of RDS purchased from the main substation. This study investigates four cases of IEEE 33-bus RDS over 24 hours of a representative day with time-of-use electricity tariffs. The simulation results show that the INNA application for optimal BESS installation and operation is very promising in reducing energy cost and energy loss of RDS integrated with DGs.


2D models based on the shallow water equations are widely used in river hydraulics. However, these models can present deficiencies in those cases in which their intrinsic hypotheses are not fulfilled. One of these cases is in the presence of weirs. In this work we present an experimental dataset including 194 experiments in nine different weirs. The experimental data are compared to the numerical results obtained with a 2D shallow water model in order to quantify the discrepancies that exist due to the non-fulfillment of the hydrostatic pressure hypotheses. The experimental dataset presented can be used for the validation of other modelling approaches.


The Indoor Geometry Generator (IGG) is able to generate automatically simplified indoor geometry and its associated unstructured mesh for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations purposes given very simple user inputs. A large number of indoor features are supported by IGG such as (non-exhaustive list): shelves, tills, tables, chairs, seats... Smaller features such as laptops, computer towers and screens can also be included. In addition, doors/windows as well as ventilation inlet and outlet can be taken into account. Finally, the adding of simplified shape of humans standing, sitting or lying are also supported by IGG. IGG allows the user to generate without much effort indoor geometries such that shop, train, bus, plane, school, open spaces..., while being fully consistent with CFD requirements. The geometry and the mesh are outputted in GMSH format supported by both Fluidity and IC-FERST open-source finite-element CFD software.


The aim of this study is to investigate the requirements of students, teachers, and parents regarding the establishment of a Natural History Museum (NHM). The study investigated constructional necessity of NHM, subjects of visitors, and contents and forms of exhibits. The results are as follows: First, most people respond that the NHM should be constructed. Second, the highest response is that the subjects of exhibits and special and education programs should be geared towards the elementary, middle, and high-school students. Third, ecology, environment, and animals as exhibit contents are preferred, while the others are dependent on age. Forth, the practical experience and diorama as exhibit forms are preferred, and the dynamic program forms such as experiments, observation, and camps are preferred as opposed to the static forms such as lectures and workshops. Fifth, most respondents emphasize that exhibits should be interesting and special and education programs should be presented in the practical experience form. In addition, people tend to consider the quality and variety of exhibits and special and education programs as more important criteria than the quality of the museum management.


To overcome data rate limitations of RF communication links with satellites, TNO and DLR envision optical free-space communication feeder links for next generation high throughput satellites. This paper provides a feasibility assessment of such links and the technology needed. The main results of the link budget and the turbulence modeling of terabit/s optical links are presented. Based on these parameters, requirements and status of the link-subsystems are discussed, and a roadmap is presented, aimed at achieving terabit per second optical feeder links.


IT environments are a continuously changing entirety. Software and systems in these environments go through their lifecycles and then they are replaced with more advanced and economical solutions. This is a normal phenomenon in education and corporate life. The study examines if and how the different systems could be replaced with a single version control system (VCS) and how to prepare and execute an acquisition project of a new IT system. The research method is a multiple case study composed of three case studies. The findings show that users are ready to change their VCS tools to new ones, as long as they get to manage their own repositories. The departments are ready to renounce their own systems as long as the new system has all the same functions as the old systems. The reduction of the overlapping systems will also save money and the resources of the departments.


The dispersion of an initial disturbance in two model incompressible atmospheres is investigated. Subsequent variations in the ground pressure are plotted and some general features noted.


The Mars Pathtinder spacecraft was launched on December 3, 1996. The major objectives of the Mars Pathfinder are to demonstrate low cost entry, descent, and landing technologies for use in the subsequent flights to Mars. Further, the Pathfinder includes a lander that will operate for one month on the Martian surface conducting surface science studies assisted by a microrover. The temperature control requirements of the spacecraft during launch, cruise, and Martian surface operation necessitated the design of an active thermal control system for the heat rejection system. A mechanically pumped single phase Freon cooling loop is used to transfer excess heat generated in the electronics shelf to an external radiator. This is the first time a mechanically pumped cooling loop has been used on a planetary mission. Several lessons were learned from this experience about the design and operation of the active cooling loops. These lessons are expected to help building lighter and higher performance loops for the future spacecraft missions. This paper describes the performance of the mechanically pumped cooling loop during ground and flight operations. The Mars Pathfinder spacecraft was launched in December 1996 to place a lander on the Martian surface on July 4, 1997. It is the first of a series of spacecraft designed to explore the planet Mars; at least two spacecraft are planned to be sent to Mars every two years for the next fifteen years by the United States, the European Space Agency, and Russia. The major objectives of the Mars Pathfinder are to demonstrate low cost entry, descent, and landing technologies for use in the subsequent flights to Mars. Further, the Pathfinder includes a lander that will operate for one month on the Martian surface conducting surface science studies assisted by a microrover'. The Mars Pathfinder flight system is essentially three spacecraft in one. The first part is the Cruise Stage consisting of power, propulsion, and navigation equipment needed to take the spacecraft to Mars. The second part is the Ehrtry, Descent, and Landing stage consisting of an Aeroshell and Deceleration Module to help the Lander safely enter the Martian environment and land on the surface. The third part is the Lander that houses the instruments including the Sojourner microrover. A schematic of the spacecraft highlighting the thermal control elements is shown in Figure 1. The top part of the spacecraft is called the cruise stage and is used during the cruise …


The purposes of this study were to study the dietary patterns and health and nutritional status of the working and non-working women in Keonjhar city. A total of 55 working women and 55 non-working women in between the age of 25 to 40 years were selected randomly and comparison was done between these two groups. Height, Body weight and body mass index (BMI) were taken as variables for measurement of health and nutritional status of the respondents. Result shows that non-working women group were superior in weight and BMI than working women. As per the dietary pattern the observed value of X2 was found to be significant at p <0.05 in case of intake of major meal of the day, consumption of snacks per day and taking meal outside criteria.


The network research community has recently started to work on the design of an alternate Internet Architecture aim- ing at solving some scalability issues that the current Inter- net is facing. The Locator/ID separation paradigm seems to well fit the requirements for this new Internet Architecture. Among the various solutions, LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol), proposed by Cisco, has gained attention due to the fact that it is incrementally deployable. In the present paper we give a short overview on Open- LISP, an open-source implementation of LISP. Beside LISP's basic specifications, OpenLISP provides a new socket-based API, namely the Mapping Sockets, which makes OpenLISP an ideal experimentation platform for LISP, but also other related protocols.


A theory is presented for thulium-doped ZBLAN fiber amplifiers and lasers that are upconversion pumped by a single source at ∼1150 nm and emit in the blue spectrum at ∼480 nm. The performance of both heavily saturated traveling-wave power amplifiers and laser oscillators is studied with a view to understanding device optimization. The laser model is compared with published experimental data.


Basaltic Fans. J. Ando1, F. Rivera-Hernández2,3, and M. Palucis2 1Swarthmore College, Dept. of Physics and  Astronomy, firstname.lastname@example.com, 2Dartmouth College Dept. of Earth Sciences, 3Georgia Institute of  Technology, School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences. Introduction: The global occurrence of alluvial  fans on the martian surface suggests that Mars was  once a wetter place, at least episodically, into the  Amazonian [1]. However, we still lack good  constraints on the amount of water that built the  martian fans and the climate in which they formed. A  terrestrial study by Stepinski and Stepinski (2005) [2]  suggests that insights into past climate and formation  processes may be constrained from the morphology of  drainage basins using the circularity function.  However, this study did not investigate drainage basins  in basaltic terrains or periglacial environments – which  is important as Mars is mostly basaltic and leading  hypotheses suggest martian fans likely formed in cold  and icy climates. Moreover, this study did not  characterize the basins of alluvial fans. Here we use the circularity function of alluvial fan  drainage basins in basaltic terrains and different  environments to explore whether climate plays a  dominant role in fan basin morphology. We also use  new insights and algorithms to test and improve the  functionality of the circularity function. Methodology: The alluvial fans investigated in  this study were randomly selected in basaltic terrains  that span different latitudes and climatic regimes. In  total, 294 basins were collected from Iceland,  Greenland, Siberia, the Mojave Desert, and Hawai'i  islands. The fans were identified using Landsat images  (mosaiced by Google Earth and accessed in QGIS) and  the basins of these fans were manually delineated as  shapefiles. Each shapefile was then used to extract  basin elevation data from high-resolution digital  elevation models (DEM). For Arctic basins we used  the ArcticDEM 2 m/pixel dataset [3], while for the  U.S. basins we used the USGS national 1⁄3 arc-second  DEM dataset [4]. The Circularity Function.  The circularity ratio is  defined as . The circularity function 4 π [2] C = A P 2 consists of the planform circularity ratio at  equi-partitioned slices of elevation across the basin's  elevation range. The basin's relief is normalized to be  1, such that .  (z) 4 π , 0 z ≤1 C = A(z) P (z) < Subsequently, is the planform circularity of the (1) C entire basin. The circularity function for each basin  was calculated in MATLAB using the TopoToolbox  [6]. The perimeter of each basin slice was calculated  using an improved algorithm by Prashker (1999) [7]  that approximates the smooth perimeter of a raster  image. Hierarchical Clustering.  Hierarchical clustering is an  unsupervised technique that groups data into pairs on a  dendrogram. Hierarchical clustering makes it possible  to see natural divisions within a dataset, after which  clusters can be judiciously chosen. Ward's method was  used for linkage, and Euclidean distances between  circularity functions were used to determine similarity  [2]. Climate Data. We used mean annual precipitation as  our main climate metric for each basin, due to the  inferred influence of available water from precipitation  on basin formation and morphology [2]. Mean annual  temperature and annual temperature range were also  considered. The 30 arc-sec CHELSA dataset [8,  spanning 1979-2013] was used to extract climate data  due to its high resolution, allowing us to collect data  within each basin, rather than using a regional data set. Results: Figure 1 presents the cluster tree calculated  from all 294 basins. The nodes found at the bottom of  the tree each correspond to at least one drainage basin.  The cluster tree bifurcates into two distinct  morphological classes (Fig. 1). A manual examination  of the basins in each of these classes shows that the  basins in the leftmost major branch tend to be more  compact, while the ones on the right tend to be more  elongate and dendritic in shape (Fig. 1). There are  fewer basins in the rightmost side (65 versus 229), but  they exhibit more individual variation in circularity,  hence pertaining to more nodes. For classifying the  basins further, we found it more useful to run the  clustering algorithm on each morphological class  separately. A focus was thus placed on the 229 more  compact basins, as the longer basins exhibit fewer  similarities, as reflected in the dendrogram. Based on  Figure 1, four sub-classes exist for the leftmost class.


We study the mixing time of Metropolis-Adjusted Langevin algorithm (MALA) for sampling a target density on $\mathbb{R}^d$. We assume that the target density satisfies $\psi_\mu$-isoperimetry and that the operator norm and trace of its Hessian are bounded by $L$ and $\Upsilon$ respectively. Our main result establishes that, from a warm start, to achieve $\epsilon$-total variation distance to the target density, MALA mixes in $O\left(\frac{(L\Upsilon)^{\frac12}}{\psi_\mu^2} \log\left(\frac{1}{\epsilon}\right)\right)$ iterations. Notably, this result holds beyond the log-concave sampling setting and the mixing time depends on only $\Upsilon$ rather than its upper bound $L d$. In the $m$-strongly logconcave and $L$-log-smooth sampling setting, our bound recovers the previous minimax mixing bound of MALA~\cite{wu2021minimax}.


Technical reforms are carried out for Baishan pumped storage power station.Arrangement of underground powerhouse and auxiliary caverns are restricted by the first and second stage Baishan projects and atomization protection project.Also,the first and second stage powerhouse operation should not be interfered by construction.Therefore,floor elevations of water intake and outlet in upper reservoir are limited,causing small negative pressure on upper elbow section.Forces subjected to upper elbow section in headrace tunnel and operation safety are analyzed in this paper.


Recently, household-level water treatment and safe storage systems (HWTS) have been developed and
promoted as simple, local, user-friendly, and low cost alternatives to conventional municipal-level drinking
water treatment systems. Yet, despite conclusive evidence of the health and economic benefits of HWTS, the
implementation outcomes have been slow, reaching only approximately 5-10 million people. This study attempts
to understand the barriers and drivers affecting HWTS implementation. A review of existing literature
on HWTS implementation found that existing research effort to promote HWTS is rather fragmented, with a
narrow focus either on technical, psychological, or marketing perspective. Also, the application of innovation
diffusion theories on HWTS implementation has been largely unexplored. To fill these research gaps,
it is proposed that a system dynamics modelling approach to characterize the complex diffusion process of
HWTS can be a valuable tool to identify high impact, leverage strategies to scale-up HWTS adoption and
sustained use.


The invention relates to a mould for making dry-made natural sausage skin cannula and technology for making the same, wherein the mould is a gas-filled tube made of flexible material, it is provided with a valve rubber tube on one end, and the mould can be produced by inflating the inflation tube.


Abstract Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) provide an alternative approach to generate electricity from organic matter. In these MFCs, microorganisms such as the Geobacter species oxidize organic waste and transfer electrons to an electrode. Mathematical models have been used to study and optimize biofilm processes, in developing MFCs into commercial applications. Existing biofilm models are based on Nernst-Monod type expressions, and are restricted to studying extracellular behavior such as electrochemical and microbiological components, separated from the metabolic behavior of microorganisms or vice versa. This paper presents a model that addresses the spatial heterogeneity across the biofilm, while incorporating the metabolic fluxes in each individual cell as extracellular conditions (electron donor and acceptor concentrations) vary across the biofilm. This model shows the effect of different maintenance energy requirements on maximum current production and the thickness of the biofilms, and predicts the variations in biofilm thicknesses in DL1 and KN400 strains under similar biofilm conditions, successfully.


Biometrics plays an important role in personal identification and it is becoming increasingly popular today. Palmprint matching is considered in this paper for effective identification of persons. Palmprint matching is performed based on Zernike moments feature descriptors and the classification using Modified Adaboost classifiers. Since, Zernike moments have the property of geometrical invariance, they are superior in image representative capability. From the experimental results, it has been observed that Zernike moments achieve superior performance than the other well-known moments.


1 Anatomy of the Mechano- and Electroreceptors of the Acousticolateral System.- 1.1 The Organ of Corti.- 1.2 Semicircular Canals.- 1.3 The Otolith Organs.- 1.4 Lateral-Line Organs.- 1.5 Electroreceptors.- 1.5.1 Ampullary Receptors.- 1.5.2 Tuberous Receptors.- 2 Electrophysiological Analysis of Synaptic Transmission in Hair Cells.- 2.1 Electrical Characteristics of Hair Cells. Receptor Potentials.- 2.2 Ionic Mechanisms of Receptor Potential Generation.- 2.3 The Functional Properties of Hair Cells of Ampullary Electroreceptors.- 2.3.1 Electrical Sensitivity of Electroreceptors.- 2.3.2 Temperature Sensitivity of Electroreceptors.- 2.4 Electrical Responses of the Postsynaptic Membrane.- 2.5 The Effect of Ions on Synaptic Processes.- 3 The Mode of Action of Amino Acid-Using Synapses.- 3.1 Release of Amino Acids.- 3.2 The Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release.- 3.3 A Transmitter Inactivation Mechanism.- 3.4 Characteristics of Amino Acid Binding Sites.- 3.5 Pharmacology of Amino Acid Receptors.- 3.6 The Mode of Action of Excitatory Amino Acids.- 4 Pharmacology of Synaptic Transmission in Receptors of the Acousticolateral System.- 4.1 The Organ of Hearing.- 4.2 The Vestibular Apparatus.- 4.3 Lateral-Line Organ.- 4.4 Electroreceptors.- Conclusion.- References.


Using the research methods of literature,semeiology and culturology,it revealed the human body that could load and create symbols,set forth the culturological features of body symbols and clarified that pictographic Wushu was a dynamic cultural symbol expressed by body,thus disclosing the pictographic cultural features of Wushu and providing it with a new visual angle to understand the connotation of Wushu.


This article is devoted to systematic analysis of double charmonium production in exclusive $Z$ boson decays in the framework of Nonrelativistic Quantum Chromodynamic (NRQCD) and leading twist light-cone (LC) models. Theoretical predictions for branching fractions of all considered decays are presented. According to obtained results in the case of allowed by helicity suppression rule processes the effect of internal quark motion increases the branching fraction by a factor 1.5, while for forbidden reactions LC predictions are strictly zero, while NRQCD ones are significantly smaller than for allowed.


In this paper, electrostatic drop formation characteristics in the use of water-based ink are reported, for applications to ink jet devices. In order to make clear experimentally the electrostatic uniform drop formation phenomenon, applied voltage, flow rate, nozzle diameter and distance between the nozzle tip and the electrode are widely varied. In addition, liquids having different values of electric conductivity, surface tension and viscosity are used, and the experiments are carried out to examine the effects of these factors on the uniform drop formation. Then, the relations among the various factors governing the uniform drop formation phenomenon are found by using dimensional analysis.