Importance of mathematics as a school subject is evident in a fact that it is a constituent part of core curriculum for basic education in all education systems in the world. First few years of education are of crucial importance to the formation of attitudes towards mathematics. Attitudes are important because they navigate our actions and by doing so, influence our reality and our future as well. Research on attitudes towards mathematics has considerably increased over the past few years, since the importance of mathematics is getting continuously more accentuated. In the context of schools and education, it is emphasized how positive attitude towards mathematics influences students' relationship with school-work, studying, confidence and behaviour. The aim of the study was to determine primary school students' attitudes towards mathematics. One hundred and seventy-one students from 3 rd to 8 th grade from III Primary School Varaždin, Croatia participated in the research. The data were analyzed with t-test and one-way ANOVA for independent samples. The research has shown that there is no statistically significant gender difference in attitudes towards mathematics; however, age difference was confirmed. It was also found that younger students in primary education had a more positive attitude towards mathematics than older students. Practical implications of acquired results could be in providing additional support to 5 th and 6 th grade students when the change from positive to negative attitude happens.


Aurantiochytrium limacinum BUCHAXM 122, a strain of thraustochytrid microorganism is potentially an alternative source of essential nutrients for commercial products. In this study, the strain was screened for its characterization and determination of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) production. Cells were isolated from fallen mangrove leaves, and grown in a glucose-yeast extract-peptone (GYP) medium. Their morphology, life cycle, biomass, fatty acid, extracellular enzymes and major elements were also investigated. Colonies occurred prominently on the fourth day of cultivation, appearing opaque white in color and containing large numbers of amoeboid cells. These thraustochytrids were observed to have a multi-stage life cycle, developing through zoospore, vegetative and zoosporangium stages with a life span of approximately 24 h. Zoospores developed into vegetative cells within 10– 12 h and vegetative cells developed into zoosporangia, releasing zoospores, within approximately 10–15 h. Results showed that A. limacinum BUCHAXM 122 produced highest biomass at 108 h, with 23.85±1.02 g/l dry weight. The isolates had high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 30.31±5.88% of total fatty acids), indicating that they could serve as a fatty acid source for human consumption and aquaculture feeds. Major elemental analysis showed that cells contained 57% carbon, 29% oxygen, 9% hydrogen, 4% nitrogen and 1% sulfur. Extracellular degradative enzymes including protease, lipase, urease, α-glucosidase and phosphatase activities were also detected.


A strategy for developing sediment transport information for storm water planning and management is described. The strategy links location-based and intensity-based development scenarios with potential water quality impacts to a stream system and at a watershed outlet and (1) is based on sediment transport calculations; (2) develops information that supports community decision making; and (3) is consistent with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Phase II storm water requirements and other guidance on watershed management. The strategy is an effort to incorporate the impact of site-specific watershed characteristics into storm water ordinances. This effort was undertaken to provide a rational means for a community to differentiate the sediment contributions from alternative scenarios at alternative locations. One of the options available with differentiation information is the ability to negotiate and approve pollutant "trades" between different development practices in different locations such that...


The thermoelectric refrigeration system is an application of the Peltier effect, and good refrigeration performance is dependent on effective heat dissipation performance. To enhance the cooling performance of the thermoelectric system, this paper designs a new type of finned heat sink, which does not change the overall size of the thermoelectric system. The performance of the refrigeration system under the new fin is tested by experiments under various conditions. During the experiment, the cooling wind speed, the temperature of the hot and cold side of the TEC, the power consumption of the fan, and other parameters were directly recorded through the measuring instrument. The results show that the use of new finned heat sinks can improve the COP of the thermoelectric refrigeration system. Within the scope of the study, the thermal resistance of the new fins can be reduced by 42.6%, and the system COP value can be increased by 22.8%. In addition, increasing the cooling wind speed can further reduce the cold side temperature. Within the research range, the lowest temperature can reach −8.25 °C, but the power consumed by the fan is 166% of that of the conventional fin heat sink refrigeration device.


This research aims to point out new pedagogical practices of learning, according to information and communication technologies (ICT), existing in a School of Elementary Education. Starting from an analysis of the school environment, through the School Political Pedagogical Plan and the Law of Directives and Bases of Education, as well as decrees of interest of school managers and the right to education. It was used a bibliographical research, with the objective of analyzing and verifying the new digital technologies, being able to be used as a pedagogical resource in a significant way, having this management in front of its challenges, under an integrated proposal for the continuous formation of teachers, making feasible the creation of a website for building Webquests. Presenting a discussion about the multiple possibilities of incorporating ICT in the school environment, reinforcing attitudes and skills that allow overcoming. There was an improvement in the quality of teaching. This study concluded that for this to happen in a full and meaningful way, it is imperative that the superior management (governance) enables the teacher to the process of technological use, is this the core process with perspectives of its continuity, acting in the process of teaching and learning, really significantly and clearly


Testing Simon's congruence asks whether two strings have the same set of subsequences of length no greater than a given integer. In the light of the recent discovery of an optimal linear algorithm for testing Simon's congruence, we solve the Simon's congruence pattern matching problem. The problem requires finding all substrings of a text that are congruent to a pattern under the Simon's congruence. Our algorithm efficiently solves the problem in linear time in the length of the text by reusing results from previous computations with the help of new data structures called X-trees and Y-trees. Moreover, we define and solve variants of the Simon's congruence pattern matching problem. They require finding the longest and shortest substring of the text as well as the shortest subsequence of the text which is congruent to the pattern under the Simon's congruence. Two more variants which ask for the longest congruent subsequence of the text and optimizing the pattern matching problem are left as open problems.


A stereoselective total synthesis of phomonol, following organocatalytic enantioselective epoxidation and intramolecular oxa-Michael reaction as key steps, is described. The use of readily available D-tartaric acid as a chiral source renders this approach quite simple and attractive.


Trithiafulvenes were prepared through cycloaddition of 3-thioxo-1,2-dithioles to several electrophilic alkenes and alkynes. Treatments of the product with phenyl-hydrazine and malononitrile afforded the hydrazone and the dinitrilene derivatives respectively. The bromination and subsequent treatment with KCN and malononitrile afforded the diene derivative. The aniline derivative was also obtained by treatment with chloroaniline.


An isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the separation and quantitative analysis of the major carboxylic acids of grape musts and wines such as citric, tartaric, malic, lactic, and acetic acids. By using an Aminex HPX87-H, a strong cation exchange resin column eluted with dilute sulfuric acid, and monitoring with uv at 210 nm, sample preparation is reduced to simple membrane filtration for white wines or musts and to the removal of phenolic compounds employing disposable reverse phase cartridges for red wines. The use of mobile phase at a different pH for grape must and wine sample analysis allows the separation of compounds such as malic acid and fructose that normally coelute. The results of the HPLC analyses were compared with data obtained by other methods in a range of white wine, red wine, and must samples.


The utility model relates to an automatic control system for a full-automatic coal burning boiler. The automatic control system is mainly technically characterized by comprising a central chamber monitoring host machine, a boiler programmable logic controller (PLC) automatic control device, a boiler room public system PLC automatic control device and field equipment, wherein the central chamber monitoring host machine, the boiler PLC automatic control device and the boiler room public system PLC automatic control device are connected together through a high-speed communication network; and the boiler PLC automatic control device and the boiler room public system PLC automatic control device are connected with the field equipment respectively. The automatic control system has a reasonable design; and the PLC automatic device is matched with the central chamber monitoring host machine, so that a full-automatic control function of the coal burning boiler is realized, the running quality of the boiler is ensured, the coal burning and power utilization costs are reduced, the heat supply efficiency of the boiler is improved, and the automatic level of a heat supply system is raised.


The formation of monovalent palladium in PdNaK-clinoptilolite where Pd(II) is introduced into extraframework sites as [Pd(NH3)4]2+ by liquid-state ion exchange at 298 K, is compared to that observed in PdH-clinoptilolite where Pd(II) is incorporated by solid-state ion exchange at 823 K, using electron spin resonance (ESR) and electron spin−echo modulation (ESEM) spectroscopies. Dehydration at 473 K produces one Pd(I) species in PdH-clinoptilolite but no ESR signal in PdNaK-clinoptilolite. This indicates that the stability of Pd(I) between PdH-clinoptilolite and PdNaK-clinoptilolite is different, probably due to the different locations and environments of Pd in these systems. Hydrogen reduction of Pd(II) in these two materials after activation reveals that Pd(II) ions in PdNaK-clinoptilolite occupy relatively accessible sites in comparison to those in PdH-clinoptilolite. The interactions of Pd(I) formed by thermal reduction of PdH-clinoptilolite with various adsorbates are also studied. The ESR studies cou...


Enteric-coated tablets of aspirin-vitamin C, produced by nine Japanese makers, were examined in a disintegration test, for serum salicylate level after one oral administration and after repeated oral administration for six days.The analgesic effects of the drugs and adverse reactions to the drugs were investigated in the patients and compared with the patients' salicylate levels.As a result of these studies, which entailed administration of aspirin-vitamin C 6 T (as aspirin 1.5 g) three times a day, no significant difference could be found, between the analgesic effects of these drugs and the effect of a placebo. However, a clear difference between the drugs and the placebo was found in the adverse reactions to the drugs, at a level of significance of 5%.As for serum salicylate levels during repeated oral administration for six days, it was observed that the serum salicylate level during administration of entericcoated tablets tended to be slightly lower than that during administration of the same quantity of aspirin powder. There was no relationship between the serum salicylate level and the patients' evaluation of analgesic effects or adverse reactions.


Excised pea embryonic axes were cultured on mineral salts plus various carbon sources. Growth continued for at least 3 wk, as measured by increased length, fresh and dry wt, sugar content, and f-amylase activity. The optimum sucrose concentration for elongation and fresh wt accumulation was 5% (w/v), although dry wt and sugar content increased in cultures containing 10 to 20%. Comparable growth was observed for axes cultured on 2% sucrose, glucose, fructose,


ABSTRACT There are 13 power generating stations (PGSs) in southern California, and their effluent constitutes a source of contaminants to the Southern California Bight (SCB). To determine the relative contribution of PGS effluent to total mass emissions to the SCB, this study evaluated PGS discharges to the SCB in 2000 and compared them to emissions from large municipal wastewater treatment facilities (POTWs). Data regarding PGS discharges were obtained from compliance monitoring reports, and were used to quantify discharges to the SCB in terms of overall annual volumes, constituent mass emissions, and average concentrations. The PGSs discharged 20 billion liters of wastes in 2000, which contained relatively high quantities of oil and grease, suspended solids, and ammonia-N. However, compared to large POTWs, PGSs were a minor source of contaminants to the SCB.


Background and Objective: Test anxiety as a major problem in teaching affects millions of students around the world and causes a drop in their academic performance. One of effective factor on reducing anxiety is religious believes. So, present study aimed to investigate effect of Tavasol prayer on reducing test anxiety of students in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Material and Methods: This quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-test design was conducted on 70 new registered nursing students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Data was collected by demographic information and Spielberg questionnaires. After taking an initial test on 70 students, 39 of them were identified with high anxiety and were divided to experimental (n=19) and control (n=20) groups randomly. For intervention group, 30 minutes before the test, about 15 minutes audio file of Tavasol prayer was broadcast through speaker. Immediately and 15 minutes later, students' anxiety of both groups was assessed again. For control group didn't broadcast any audio file. Data was analyzed by SPSS19 software using paired and independent t-test, Chi-square and Pearson correlation tests. Results: Mean of pre-test anxiety scores in intervention group (44.26±2.43) compared with control group (42.20±2.27) showed no significant difference (P=0/09). But mean of anxiety scores after the first post-test (34.73±1.45) and 15 minutes later (31.74±1.45) showed a significant decrease in anxiety level of experimental group (P=0.001). In control group, after the first post-test (31.05±0.82) and 15 minutes later (28.80±0.53) wasn't seen significant difference (P=1.00). Conclusion: So that our results showed positive effect of Tavasol prayer on reducing students' test anxiety, use of this prayer as a low-cost and simple method is suggested for students.


We read with interest the article by Arnold-Forster which highlights the importance of resilience in surgery1. The author suggests that recently imposed limitations on work hours for junior doctors have resulted in complex rotas and frequent handovers which promote discontinuity of care, compromise patient safety, and hinder the formation of personal ties with patients; all of which ultimately contribute to decreased job satisfaction. Less time spent in the company of colleagues has also inevitably led to a breakdown of emotional support networks at work which previous generations used to enjoy. We contend that work hour limitations were designed for the very purpose of negating excessive workload and the loss of work-life balance, which are well known risk factors for burnout2. Adequate time off allows doctors opportunities to interact with loved ones and engage in exercise and other extra-curricular activities, which are protective against this3. Surgeons with high emotional exhaustion scores are more likely to make major medical errors, and present a much bigger threat to patient well-being than lack of continuity of care4. Minimising administrative workload is one way to allow individuals to spend more time focusing on communicating effectively with patients in order to establish rapport5. Team leaders should additionally make a conscious effort to cultivate a sense of community, encourage mentorship and prevent bullying at the workplace. Arnold-Forster also cites patient death after surgery as a significant stressor1. Surgeons are often perfectionists by nature who hold themselves and their craft to high standards. Adverse patient outcomes such as post-operative complications or mortalities, infrequent as they are, can lead to a deep personal sense of failure. While accountability to our patients is vital, it must not become crippling. Objective assessment of the event and constructive criticism by peers are useful tools to prevent a recurrence in future patients.


Calibrating the implied volatility of underlying asserts is very important for both theoretical and practical applications.For European options,in the framework of Black-Scholes model,a regularized least squares algorithm is proposed in this paper,which can effectively solve an inverse problem of calibrating the implied volatility on the premise that the market prices of option are known.At the end of this paper,a numerical example is given to show that this method is effective.


Let F be a perfect field. Then the diagonal quadratic form $a_iX_i^2$ over $F$ is universal over $M_2(F)$ if and only if atleast two of the $a_i$ are non-zero.


A new watermarking scheme for arbitrarily-shaped image is proposed. Using co-ordinates conversion to log-polar and polar co-ordinates shape adaptive discrete transform (PSADT), the proposed watermarking method can be applied to any arbitrarily-shaped image such as MPEG-4 VOP and is much more robust to geometrical attacks than conventional ones.


Plasma treatment of HfO2 films by octafluorocyclobutane (C4F8) 60 MHz(HF)/2 MHz(LF) dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas (DF-CCPs) was investigated. It is found that the fluorine atoms were incorporated into the HfO2 films by C4F8 DF-CCP treatment, but the C : F films were formed on the surface of the HfO2/Si gate stacks. The results also show that both the plasma treatment and the process of post-deposition annealing play major roles in stabilizing the tetragonal structure, leading to a large band gap and good electrical properties. The formation of t-HfO2 is related to oxygen vacancy generation and Si diffusion into the HfO2 films. The capacitance–voltage measurement showed that the smallest ΔVfb and the lowest interface trap density were obtained at the HF power of 120 W and the LF power of 30 W. Therefore, the C4F8 DF-CCP is a suitable method to improve the electrical characteristics of HfO2/Si gate stacks.


THIS METHOD IS TO SUBMIT A DOUGH OBTAINED BY SUSPENDING OF FIBER MATERIALS SEPARATION MECHANICAL TWO OR MORE FRACTIONS differing LENGTH FIBER WHICH CONSIST ESSENTIALLY THEN SUBMIT ALL FRACTIONS COLLECTED A WHITENING PROCESS SPECIFIC TYPE OF FIBER MAJORITY IN THAT PORTION. DOUGH IS OBTAINED BY COOKING ALKALINE PLANTS ANNUAL OR PERENNIAL. IT MAY ALSO BE OBTAINED FOR UNDER SUSPENSION DEINKING AND TREATMENT OLD PAPER AND ESPECIALLY FOR ILLUSTRATED mAGAZINE. PAPER IS OBTAINED QUALITY AND WHITENING COMPLETELY SATISFACTORY.


receiving oral enzyme replacement therapy, which is a major drawback for the clinical application of the pET. On the other hand, the antigenic substrate in the pET seems to be equally stable in relation to elastase 1. Only elastase concentrations determined with the pET in stools stored at 4 °C for 48 h were significantly higher than directly measured concentrations. Although both pET and mET assessments were performed on stool samples stored in continuously closed cups, partial evaporation with consecutive concentration of the substrate cannot be excluded. If we take into consideration the different aspects of fecal elastase testing highlighted in this study, the lack of specificity of the pET assay remains the crucial problem. We therefore support the proposal of renaming the polyclonal "elastase 1" ELISA because the test detects a molecule different from elastase 1 (7 ). Further studies should evaluate the effects of porcine enzymes on the results of the pET assay in patients with normal and mildly to moderately decreased exocrine pancreatic function. Additionally, the true antigen detected with the pET assay should be characterized to reliably define the role of this new assay in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.


An endless flat belt provided with an internal rubber layer (1), a cord core wire (11) embedded in the internal rubber layer (1) and wound in a spiral at a prescribed pitch in the belt width direction, and a reinforcing cloth (2) attached to the internal rubber layer (1), wherein the cord core wire comprises polyamide fibers, and the reinforcing cloth (2) is bonded at both ends by adhesion or sewing to form an endless shape. A surface rubber layer (3) is attached to the surface on the side opposite the surface of the reinforcing cloth (2) that is attached to the internal rubber layer (1).


This chapter provides an overview of the main outputs of the analysis undertaken during the exploratory phase of CERI work on innovative learning environments. Main themes are introduced, with reference to key ideas and research on innovations, which are largely gleaned from the four study cases explored in Mexico.


This study evaluated the ability of the razor blade (RB) shearing method and various other instrumental shearing methods as a means for developing models to predict tenderness in broiler breast fillets. Breast fillets were subjected to either shear analysis (razor, Allo-Kramer or Warner-Bratzler) or sensory evaluation (trained descriptive or consumer). The relationships between the instrumental and the descriptive sensory attributes exhibited coefficients of determination of 0.53 < R2 < 0.73 for initial hardness and chewdown hardness, while the relationships between the instrumental and the consumer sensory attributes of tenderness acceptability and intensity had coefficients of determination ranging between 0.71 < R2 < 0.97. For both descriptive and consumer sensory analyses, the instrumental shear tests performed similarly for predicting the tenderness of cooked broiler breast meat. The RB shear test for assessing meat tenderness had advantages, in that no sample cutting or weighing was required to execute the test nor was it excessively destructive, as only a small incision was made in the sample.


After the revolution in 2018, the new Armenian authorities began to implement a foreign policy, which raised many questions, both inside and outside the scientific community. Surprisingly, there seemed to be an invisible hand cause to worsen especially the relationships with the allied and friendly states of the Republic of Armenia, which were actively represented in the region and actually had a rather pro-Armenian position on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Especially the change in policy towards the Russian Federation, China and Iran led to the fact that these countries were mainly a neutral position during the 44-day war.
The Armenian expert field also regularly expressed opinions on the handling the implementation of the RA foreign policy, making it clear, carrying out proper works with strategic allies and partners, but unfortunately, it was all for nothing. No work was taken to accept the Armenian Foreign Policy Concept. It is obvious that Armenia lost on the foreign policy front not after September 27, but since 2018 as in some cases, due to short-sighted foreign policy, the country has stood on the verge of war.


So far we have experimentally demonstrated ultrafast and nonthermal amorphization of GeSbTe thin films by femtosecond optical pulse excitation. We have also found that the nonthermally amorphized phase can be more efficiently crystallized than the melt-quenched amorphous phase. These results suggest that switching of Ge atoms can be initiated by photoexcitation of electrons to break the weaker Ge-Te bond, and that the initial crystalline structure is memorized by preserving the covalent backbone. In this study, based on this context, we demonstrate that the nonthermal amorphization can lead to optical anisotropy by effectively breaking the Ge-Te bonds, running parallel to the polarization of the excitation light. We obtained significantly giant optical anisotropy characterized by the polarization rotation angle of the probe beam as large as 1.5°.


This technology, and at the same time, technologies to achieve a high quality and high speed are provided by using the thermal method (solvo-thermal method) for growing a high quality bulk single crystal hexagonal crystal (hexagonal single crystal bulk) - solvent. Crystal quality is highly dependent to the growth plane, in which a non-polar or semi-polar surface of the seed (seed surface) results in a higher quality crystal compared with the c- plane surface of the seed. In addition, the growth rate is strongly dependent for growth on the plane, wherein the semi-polar seed surface leads to a more rapid growth rate. By selecting the appropriate growth plane and at the same time determine the quality (high crystal quality) and fast growth rates can be achieved. If the non-polar or semi-polar seed surface RMS roughness less than 100 nm high-quality crystals can be achieved, and; On the other hand, even if grown from the atomically smooth surface, crystals grown from a Ga- face or N- surface is the result of poor crystal quality.


This work presents a comparison in the production of electrical conductivity polyester resins by doping it with two types of carbonous fillers; carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon black (CB). These polyester resins are used to obtain electrical conductivity powder gel coat. This type of coating reduces cycle times in the manufacture of composites due to the fact that significantly decrease curing time of the gel coat and eliminate secondary operations for the application of the final coating in the composite.
Electrical conductivity with different fillers content and percolation thresholds obtained in the simulation phase are detailed. The results obtained in the simulation are validated at the pilot plant level taking into account the influence of the loading percentage on the resin processing. Finally, a comparison between the results obtained with the different percentage of CNT and CB is made.
The results of the simulation show that the value of the percolation threshold is much lower in the case of CNT (about 3% in the case of CNT versus 35% in the case of CB). The experimental results indicate the strong dependence of the electrical properties on the production process obtaining variations of up to two orders of magnitude in the experimental results using the same percentage of CNT but different type of polyester resin.


Over the years, a significant amount of research has been conducted showing relationship between epilepsy and depression. Epilepsy and depression are common conditions and often they occur together. Approximately, 40-60% people with epilepsy are affected with depressive symptoms [1]. This is a review article highlighting a strong association between two entities. The main idea behind this review article is to encourage practitioners to keep a close eye on symptoms of depression in people with epilepsy and to treat them accordingly which can impact positively on their quality of life.


Purpose – This paper aims to examine the attractiveness of Library and Information Science (LIS) professions and programs to culturally and linguistically diverse individuals. Design/methodology/approach – Between September and December 2014, current students and alumni from 57 North American LIS programs were surveyed regarding their learning experiences and perceptions of the state of diversity in LIS. Findings – The findings point to deep, emotive reflections on diversity in LIS. Noting the general societal turn toward values-based, integral diversity, this paper proposes looking beyond the quantitative measures and paying attention to the volume of negative emotion surrounding the diversity debate in our field. Making both philosophical and practical arguments, a three-tiered approach is advocated, which can contribute to nurturing the climate of diversity: outreach and promotion; recruitment and retention; and interpersonal and intercultural dialog that will not only sustain diversity but also transf...


The authors developed a technique to synchronise a bistatic radar that uses a chaotic system to generate and process either wideband amplitude modulated (AM) or frequency modulated (FM) waveforms thereby extracting high-resolution information from the targets. For chaotic AM bistatic radar, a generalised projective synchronisation approach that includes a driving oscillator at the transmitter and a response oscillator at the receiver is considered. The receiver accepts a scaled version of the transmitted waveform where the scaling factor α accounts for space propagation losses that may not be known a priori. However, AM synchronisation is highly susceptible to noise. Alternatively, FM bistatic radar is implemented with a chaos-based FM waveform. Demodulation of this waveform using a phase lock loop is required to recover the instantaneous frequency which represents a chaotic state variable. The recovered and transmitter instantaneous frequencies are synchronised by using either generalised projective synchronisation or complete replacement synchronisation. The synchronised output is then used to reconstruct the FM waveform. They show that the short-time cross-correlation of the transmitted and reconstructed waveforms is high and its self-noise is negligible. Through entropy analysis of the cross-correlogram, they found that the bistatic FM radar performs better than the bistatic AM radar.


The CNDO/II method was used to study the pairing abilities of various alkylated nucleic acids. On the basis of these results, a mechanism for mutation (carcinogenesis) is proposed. Our calculations suggest that O-(6) alkylated guanine and/or O-(4) alkylated thymine could cause miscoding during the replication of DNA.


The spontaneous emission decay in a photonic crystal slab nanocavity with a GaInAsP quantum well active region was measured at room temperature. Even far below lasing threshold, the decay was much faster than that for the as-grown wafer. A consideration including the enhanced spontaneous emission rate by the Purcell effect, intraband relaxation of carriers, nonradiative surface recombination, spatial hole burning, and carrier diffusion enabled us to explain different decay lifetime between on- and off-resonant conditions and between different size cavities. As a result, >16-fold shorter spontaneous emission lifetime was estimated, which strongly suggests the existence of a large Purcell effect.


The present invention discloses a process for preparing compounds of Formula I: wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim, the method comprising: sterically formula II hindered amine wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim general with a compound of formula III symbols are as defined in claim 1, is reacted in the presence of a catalyst. Compounds of formula I are used as the organic protective material prevents oxidative, thermal or light-induced degradation of the stabilizer, in particular a synthetic polymer, copying material or coating material.


We distinguish between two forms of appropriability: primary appropriability—effectiveness in exploiting inventions as problem-solving mechanisms and capturing a share of their profits—and generative appropriability—effectiveness in exploiting inventions as concepts and capturing a share of the future inventions they spawn. Recognizing that generative appropriability has two components—cumulative invention and preclusion of others—we identify its key managerially manipulable determinants and discuss the implications of the construct for the literature on the resource-based view and the literature on organizational learning.


In 1937 the author, then aged 19, found some old timbers sticking out of the mud of the Humber shore at Ferriby. His amateur interest in archaeology helped him and his brother to identify them as remains of an ancient boat. "The Ferriby Boats" is Edward Wright's own account of his discoveries, excavations and research over 50 years since the first boat find. The importance of this, and the subsequent finds was only fully recognised after the World War II, when the new technique of carbon-14 dating revealed that the Ferriby Boats were built before 1000 BC. This makes them the oldest plank-built boats found anywhere in the world apart from Ancient Egypt and the Aegean; they predate any similar craft in Nothern Europe by half a millenium. And they present evidence for a style of boat building previously unknown, thus adding a completely new chapter to our knowledge of prehistoric boat building. The excavation and preservation of the boats presented many problems for Edward Wright and his fellow workers, not least the constant battle with mud and the tide, which was always threatening to sweep the boats away. Over the years he has pioneered methods of excavating and recording which have since become standard in the field of maritime archaeology. With the aid of a naval architect, he has now achieved a realistic reconstruction of the boats with estimates of its performance. They suggest a capacity for navigation at this time not previously imagined and add a new and fundamental dimension to the history of man's relationship with the sea.


We investigate the lateral shift of the light transmitted through one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of two dielectric and one superconducting sublayeres. The variations of the transmittivity spectra and the lateral shift with the temperature have been investigated for both TE-and TM-polarized oblique incident light.


The paper presents research data on the content of chemical elements in soils and the plant Taraxacumofficinale Wigg., which grows on the territory of the Transbaikal Territory. The content of chemical elements is comparedwith the maximum permissible concentrations. The coefficients of accumulation, root barrier, and translocation arecalculated.


This paper proposes a method to achieve the harmonic cancellation of compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) in large number usage. As the adoption of CFLs shows no sign of slowing down, utilities are increasingly concerned with the harmonic impact of these lamps. However it is obvious that traditional incandescent lamps will be replaced with energy efficient lamps only if they stay in a reasonable price. This paper presents a novel cost effective power quality correction method. The implemented method is based on the effect of capacitor-filter size on current THD in CFLs, used in large numbers. With this aim, we have simulated 120 CFLs in parallel to discuss the impact of capacitor filter size on harmonics when the CFLs are integrated and also some experiments have been done in laboratory to show the cancellation effect. The experimental results reveal that more attenuation will occur in higher harmonic orders. To capture harmonic characteristics of sample lamps, a power recorder compatible with personal computer had been used and the data had been analyzed in MATLAB program. Both simulation and laboratory test results verify the theoretical analysis.


Planning for mine closure is a critical component of environmental management in the mining industry. Nationally and internationally, industry-leading practice requires that planning for mine closure should start before mining commences and should continue throughout the life of the mine until final closure and relinquishment. The study indicates, somewhat surprisingly, that most mine closures are unplanned, with only 30% of mines closing when the economic resource has been extracted. The oldest mine closure technique was adopted in India is known as bibliometric mapping. But recently the transition from isolated specialties to a mature discipline, complete with higher level management process, continuing growth in technical fields and new interests in stakeholders and sustainability issues makes mine closure planning more complicated. This paper comprehensively discusses the legal framework for mine closure in Indian context besides highlighting the environmental and safety issues resulting from unplanned mine closure in Neyveli by using Quantum-GIS. Keywords—Bibliometric Mapping; Quantum-GIS; Google Earth Pro; Artesian Pressure; Post Project Monitoring.


R548 is a luminosity variable DA white dwarf. Two close pairs of pulsation frequencies are simultaneously present in its light curve, one at 213 s and one at 274 s. We present an improved ephemeris obtained by directly modeling the pulsations. We demonstrate that the amplitudes and periods of all four pulsations are highly stable with Q > 1011. Because of the stability, our model predicts the light curve of R548 to within in amplitude and 10 5 in time over two observing seasons. Key words: variable star-photometry-white dwarf


The short‐circuit current and open‐circuit voltage of the photoelectromagnetic effect have been measured at room temperature in discharge‐produced amorphous hydrogenated silicon (undoped, n type). From the magnitude and spectral distribution of the effect, the minority (hole) diffusion length and the hole μτ product are estimated to be 0.09 μm and 3×10−9 cm2/v, respectively, while the electron mobility is 5×10−2 cm2/v sec. From the photoconductivity the electron μτ product (majority carrier) was 8×10−8 cm2/v. Derived quantities are then hole mobility 9×10−3 cm2/v sec, hole lifetime 3×10−7 sec, electron lifetime 1.7×10−6 sec. The sign of the effect is normal. It does not show the inverted sign reported for the Hall effect in the dark.


The hair characteristics study is one of the methods for identification of mammals when the morpho-taxonomy is failed to provide a proper result in the case of small part of the skin of a mammal available (Chakraborty and De, 2010). The tricho-taxonomy i.e. study of mammal hair can be used for identification of species on the basis of a combination of microscopic characters (Teerink, 1991). There are many workers viz., Mayer (1952); Brunner and Coman (1974); Moore et al., (1974); Koppikar and Sabins (1975); Teerink (1991); Wallis (1993); Chakraborty and De (2010) have well documented the different hair characters of mammals. In India, the significant tricho-taxonomic studies have been carried out by many workers on different species of mammals viz., Koppikar and Sabins (Artiodactyls; 1975); Bahuguna et al., (selected mammals; 2010); Chakraborty and De (Carnivores; 2010); Sarkar (Rodents and Primates; 2012) and Kamalakannan (Artiodactyls and Lagomorphs, 2015). Apart from these studies, Chakraborty and De (2010), Bahuguna (2011) have well documented the hair characters of family Viverridae. However, comparative study of hair characters between Viverra zibetha and Viverricula indica is little known. Therefore, in the present study, the International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 5 (2017) pp. 1391-1394 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a localized tumor composed of immature granulocytic cells. GS can involve any site in the body. The common sites are periosteum, bone, soft tissue, lymph node, and skin; the breast is an unusual site for GS. They can be present at the time of diagnosis, at relapse, and sometimes preceding the diagnosis. We describe a 49-year-old woman with acute myelogenous leukemia, FAB AML M2, who was diagnosed with granulocytic sarcoma in both of her breasts at 6 months after complete remission.


The aim of this project was to examine factors associated with substance use treatment participation among individuals using illicit drugs who were also receiving other health and social services. Data were collected from 1,189 respondents sampled in the Countywide Risk Assessment Survey in Los Angeles County, California. A binary logistic regression was used to examine behavioral model indicators and HIV risk behaviors associated with treatment use. Differences were found with regard to predisposing and need variables and to HIV risk behaviors between those who accessed treatment and those who did not. There are implications for targeted prevention strategies and triangulated service integration.


In this contribution, the tribe Lantaneae is considered in a broad sense. The morphology and typology of inflorescences in  Lantana,  Neosparton,  Xeroaloysia,  Acantholippia,  Aloysia,  Phyla, Bouchea, Chascanum, Stachytarpheta, Lampaya and Diostea are analyzed; Lippia has been treated in a previous paper. Inflorescences in Lantaneae belong to the polytelic type. Florescences are, in most species, spikes or sometimes spike-like racemes, varying in arrangement, spacing and number of flowers. Floral bracteoles are only present in  Bouchea and  Chascanum Sect. Chascanum. The most frequent pattern of the compound inflorescence is a homothetic (di) pleiobotryum with specialized long and short paracladia. This pattern, characteristic of Lantana , Phyla and Xeroaloysia , is also present in most species of Aloysia and one species of  Acantholippia . Two Aloysia species have a paniculiform heterothetic pleiobotryum. Bouchea, Chascanum and Stachytarpheta have similar inflorescence. Most of their species inflorescences are dichasially ramified heterothetic pleiobotrya. Neosparton, Lampaya, Diostea and  Acantholippia generally have monobotrya, which it could be interpreted as a result of reductive tendency related to the xeromorfic syndrome of these genera. The results of this study are compared with several taxonomic systems proposed for the Tribe Lantaneae.


A device (1) for coupling towed agricultural machines (100) to a respective towing means, comprising means (2) for fastening to a frame (101) of the machine (100), a connecting arm (3) extending substantially longitudinally away from the frame (101) of the agricultural machine (100), and a coupling head (4) comprising coupling means (40, 41). The coupling head (4) allows said connecting arm (3) to rotate relative to the towing means about a first axis of rotation (a) which is substantially perpendicular to an operating surface of the agricultural machine (100). The connecting arm (3) is rotatably connected to said fastening means (2) about a second axis of rotation (13) and further comprises reversible locking means (30, 30', 31) locking the rotation of said connecting arm (3).


See Article on Page 187-191

Colorectal patients who undergo radical surgery are vulnerable to the development of a venous thromboembolism (VTE). A VTE and a pulmonary embolism (PE) can result in chronic leg swelling, ulceration, and discomfort (postthrombotic syndrome), or even death [1]. A number of factors that increase the risk of a postoperative VTE have been identified. In addition to the surgical procedure itself, these include a history of previous VTE, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, thrombophilia, old age, obesity, smoking, acute illness, wound infection, and prolonged immobilization [2,3,4]. Therefore, interest exists in better characterizing the specific risk factors for a VET, especially a PE, in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. This could help determine strategies for preventing a VTE, as well as PE, in this complex patient population. Furthermore, questions remain regarding the optimal duration of prophylaxis, patient selection, and the real effect of VTE prophylaxis.

Although multiple trials have demonstrated the efficacy of VTE prophylaxis, a number of reports have also suggested that perioperative VTE prophylaxis is underutilized in clinical practice. The prospective United States VTE Free Study reported that less than one half of the 1,375 patients who had undergone nonorthopedic surgeries and had developed an ultrasound-confirmed VTE had received VTE prophylaxis [5]. In addition, the American College of Chest Physicians Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy found a VTE prophylaxis compliance of only 13% [6]. Extended VTE prophylaxis has the potential to negatively influence patient outcomes and may actually lead to bleeding complications in the immediate postoperative period. Surgeons may also be more reluctant to perform imaging procedures when the patient's condition is questionable.

Recent prospective data showed the lack of any benefit from an aggressive VTE prevention strategy; among 16,120 patients undergoing colorectal surgery, the use of perioperative and in-hospital VTE prophylaxis increased significantly from 32% to 86% and from 60% to 91%, respectively, between 2006 and 2011 [7]. Despite this increase, no change in the VTE rates was observed over time. The overall incidence of a VTE remained low, at 2.2%. Another recent study from 2,838 hospitals in the United States indicated that hospitals with characteristics suggestive of higher quality (e.g., more accreditations) had higher VTE chemoprophylaxis rates, but paradoxically had worse risk-adjusted VTE rates [8]. Therefore, VTE rates seem to be influenced more by the utilization rates for hospital VTE imaging than by adherence to VTE prevention strategies.

Based on emerging evidence, further investigations of VTE chemoprophylaxis in patients undergoing colorectal surgery, by using a nation-wide study in Korea, may be necessary. These results may influence future studies looking specifically at prophylaxis guidelines.


Bullying is an hostile conduct or persecution, physical or psychological, carried out by one or several children to the detriment of another. The reasons why a child is chosen as permanent attacks are multiple and depend on each school context. The consequences of this are many:  can have problems of integration, can suffer injuries or more serious consequences. Therefore, against the growing aggressiveness among students to question the effectiveness of the guidelines for living together arises the question and need to implement alternative mechanisms for resolution of conflicts which promote habits of peaceful coexistence and contribute to prevent violence in schools, creating spaces pacific of listening dialogue and mutual respect to students who are victims of Bullying are encouraged to ask for help and avoid further damage. This tool also helps stakeholders in the educational community to detect situations of harassment or abuse.


The isothiazolinone mixture 5-chloro-2-methyl-4isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI/MI), the active ingredients of biocides, is a well-known contact sensitizer. The main sensitizing ingredient is 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. Laboratory studies have shown the sensitizing potential of MCI/MI to be dose-dependent. MCI/MI is used in both industrial and cosmetic applications (Table 1). It is used extensively in cosmetic products in low concentrations. MCI/MI-containing biocide products are manufactured by several different companies and sold under various trade names. Industrial uses of MCI/MI include mildewcides for leather and fabric, preservatives for metal-working fluids, emulsion polymers, and latex paints. In industrial applications, allergic contact dermatitis reactions to MCI/MI are almost exclusively due to mishandling of concentrated MCI/MI solutions, and skin exposure to high concentrations may cause severe chemical burns. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition resulting from cutaneous contact with materials found in the workplace. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), a common disorder caused by exposure to a contact allergen, is characterized acutely by erythematous macules and papules, edema, vesicles, or bullae and chronically by lichenification or scaling. ACD begins with a sensitization phase, in which molecules pass through the stratum corneum and are processed by Langerhans cells in the epidermis. Antigen-coupled Langerhans cells then leave the epidermis and migrate to the regional lymph nodes via the afferent lymphatics, where they present the antigen to naive CD4 T cells. The responding T cells are stimulated via a complex immunologic process to proliferate into memory and effector T cells, which are capable of inducing ACD after repeated exposure to the allergen. The elicitation of ACD typically occurs within 48 to 96 hours after rechallenge of sensitized individuals. Because the effects of MCI/MI are dose-dependent, exposure to low concentrations—as in cosmetics— results in ACD. Exposure to high concentrations of MCI/MI—as in industrial products—results in burns and subsequent ACD. We report a case involving a worker who had a full-thickness skin burn after accidental exposure to concentrated solutions of MCI/MI, which also caused ACD.


Here we present the synthesis of poly(acryloyl hydrazide), a versatile scaffold for the preparation of functional polymers, and its post-polymerisation modification using a wide range of conditions.


Food dyes can be categorized into natural and synthetic color. Tartrazine (E 102) which belong to the family of azo dyes and commonly used in food industry. Tartrazine imparts positive and negative benefits as well, by giving
attractive physical appearance and consumer acceptance for over centuries. However, excessively intake of food Tartrazine can cause toxicity and pathogenicity to human. Due to arising of the health issues to mankind,
researchers gave attentions for determination of Tartrazine by using analytical and advance methods. Currently, there are several analytical methods available, however, these methods are required skilled persons, time consuming and high cost. Herein, an electrochemical sensor was
developed based on the combination of nanomaterials (chitosan, calcium nanoparticles and multiwall carbon nanotubes) for detection of Tartrazine. Electrochemical behavior of the modified gold electrode in the presence of Tartrazine was studied by using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimal conditions, the DPV was detected with different concentrations of Tartrazine in the range of 0.1 to 10 ppm, with low detection limit (3.3s/s).


Alternative fuels and corresponding alternative automotive technologies have been seen in recent years as major potential contributors to head towards a sustainable transport system. The core objective of this paper is to investigate the perspectives of different alternative automotive technologies in a dynamic framework till 2050 in comparison to fossil fuel driven conventional cars from a technical, ecological and economic point-of-view. The technologies considered in this paper are: conventional and hybrid internal combustion engine, compressed natural gas-, flex-fuel-, battery electric- and fuel cell-vehicles. The most important results and conclusions of this analysis are: (i) The energetic improvements up to 2050 will lead to substantial reduction of energetic losses mainly in Tank-to-Wheel part of the energy service provision chain; (ii) By 2050 the total driving costs of all analyzed fuels and powertrains could almost even out; (iii) The major uncertainty regarding battery electric- and fuel cell- vehicles is how fast technological learning will take place especially for the battery and the fuel cells.


Abstract The instability characteristics of three-dimensional flows typical of the Northern Hemisphere winter stratosphere and mesosphere are examined in a multi-level spherical quasi-geostrophic model. The basic-state distorted polar night jets are obtained from a numerical simulation of the sudden warming in a nonlinear spectral model. The instability is studied at days 10 (Flow I) and 15 (Flow II), prior to the onset of the model sudden warming, in addition, a parameter study is carried out in which the basic state zonal flow, static stability, wave amplitude, Rayleigh friction and Newtonian cooling are changed. It is found that the zonally averaged jets are stable in the presence of Rayleigh friction and Newtonian cooling. However, the three-dimensional distorted flows are unstable and the fastest growing modes have growth rates between 0.0664 and 0.144 day−1 (doubling times between 10.44 and 4.80 days). In the presence of damping, the disturbance streamfunctions for Flows I and II have largest amplit...


A system (515) comprising: a patch electrode (516), for placement on a tissue containing nerve tissue; and tissue tester (517), which is configured to measure the tissue electrical characteristics. The tester may include a tissue test controller (518) and a switch (521). The test controller and the switch may be configured to create a subset of electrodes connected to two or more electrodes. The controller may be configured to test the electrical characteristics of a subset within the set of electrodes placed on the tissue used to measure the tissue, and the result of each measurement and compares the electrical characteristics based on the electrical characteristics of the nerve tissue at the target for the comparing the measurement results with the measurement results of electrical characteristics of non-neural tissues adjacent to identify a target for the treatment of nerve.


The continual dimensional scaling of MOS devices requires a recurrent search for new materials for enhanced device performance. Hence, we present a work on simulation of two nano MOS capacitors – one using the dimensionally scaled conventional materials viz., Si substrate, La2O3 oxide layer and Al as gate contact conductor material and the other nano MOS capacitor using GaAs substrate, La2O3oxide layer, Al gate contact. Both the MOS devices are simulated for determining Charge density, Electric field, Device potential and Energy with respect to Distance (in nm). The mentioned parameters are compared for both the nano MOS devices for further analysis.


This paper deals with the mechanical dispersions and the thermal shrinkage of cold-drawn polypyromellitimide in relation to its structure. Three mechanical dispersions were found in our measurements. The lowest one found around 80°C has been ascribed to the translational movement of chain segments against their intermolecular interaction. The activation energy of this molecular motion was about 10kcal/mol, obtained from the analysis of TMA curves. The second and the third ones were found at around 200°C and 360°C, respectively. Both of them were influenced by annealing and were strengthened by cold-drawing. The molecular motions of these mechanical dispersions were not clarified yet. However, it was certain that they are related to the main chain motion, from the analysis of thermal shrinkage of cold-drawn samples. The activation energies of these two processes were about 25Kcal/mol and 33Kcal/mol, respectively.


A pharmaceutical composition which comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier together with an in vivo fibrinolytic enzyme as defined herein wherein the catalytic site essential for fibrinolytic activity is blocked by a group which is removable by hydrolysis at a rate such that the pseudo-first order rate constant for hydrolysis is in the range 10-6 sec-1 to 10-3 sec-1 in isotonic aqueous media at pH 7.4 at 37 DEG C.; is useful in the treatment of venous thrombosis.


Coccidiosis is a fatal disease of poultry, caused by Eimeria species and considered the most prominent and destructive disease within all protozoal diseases. Chemotherapy is considered the main preventive strategy against coccidiosis. Chemotherapy is partially successful and has many drawbacks as it is practiced after the outbreak of disease, until then coccidiosis causes huge production and health losses. As an alternative, prophylactic measures like vaccination and management betterment are of eminent importance and can help to overcome this disease. Vaccination can induce antibody-mediated immunity, cell-mediated immunity or both. However, ordinary vaccines do not offer enough potential to overcome Eimeria species at its full extent. Different research trials and studies have shown that DNA vaccines can induce both antibody and cell-mediated immunity. Several DNA vaccines have been tested in the last few years with marvelous results but still no vaccine is available commercially. Here we will discuss different types of vaccines against Eimeria, especially in poultry. A comparative analysis along with the recent advancements will reveal the types of vaccines that bear sufficient potential to overcome Eimeria species to its full extent. This review will also describe the fruitful and advanced steps towards the synthesis of molecular vaccines in the future.


For biological and medical examinations ultrasoft x-rays in the wavelength range of 2.3 nm up to 4.5 nm are well suited. To get good images of objects with low contrast such as biological specimens a high signal to noise ratio is, required. As example in a scanning x-ray microscope high photon rates with more than 10° photons/s in the scanning spot are needed. The radiation dose of the specimens should be as small as possible. For that reason the Gottingen scanning x-ray microscope working at BESSY is best suited. To use for the image formation as much photons as possible it is necessary to build up a detector system with a high detective quantum efficiency (DQE) and with the possibility to process high photon rates. In form of a short review the advantages and disadvantages of detector systems for ultrasoft x-rays are described. Detailled examinations of a photon counting detector system with a proportional counter are described. Results of detector systems with two different diodes - one passivated ion-implanted silicon junction diode and one GaAsP-Schottky diode are given. New results with an integrating GaAsP-Schottky diode detector system will be presented.


A metal die simulating a model of a partially dentate upper jaw prepared with milled facets for reference measurement with vernier calipers was used for the making of duplicate stone models, in three different duplicating flasks. The observation showed that irrespective of the flask size, the duplicated models were slightly wider.


The selective syntheses of carbamates, symmetric ureas, and unsymmetrical ureas have been accomplished by the reaction of amines with phenyl 4,5-dichloro-6-oxopyridazine-1(61H)-carboxylate as a carbonyl source under mild conditions. It is noteworthy that this process is mild, economic, and convenient.


(57) Abstract:, possible to realize a trick play against D-VHS MPEG2 STD mode format. The present invention, at the time of trick-play reproduction mode play, so as to obtain a sufficient quality information signal, such as visibility, be recorded as a composite information stream on the record carrier them together such as may, on generating trick play information stream from the standard play information stream. One aspect of the present invention, each GOP has a I- frame to be retrieved from the original standard play information stream and one or more so-called "empty P frame", it is to generate the GOP. Another aspect of the invention relates to the conditions for generating the GOP for trick play information stream having a constant bit cost per GOP. Another embodiment of the present invention, with respect to the trick-play information stream, is to find the I- frame from the standard play information. More specifically, I- frame, the I- frame in the standard play information is generated by searching the number of AC coefficients from the I- frame and the DC coefficient of I- frames, and then I- frames for trick play information stream is generated. More specifically, the number of AC coefficients for I- frame trick play information signal, I- frames I- frames generated immediately before with respect are generated and trick play information signal are derived, in the standard play information to dependent on the difference between the DC coefficients of the two ensuing I- frame.


This article considers the adequacy of the usage of various two-parameter differential turbulence models for the calculation of supersonic non-calculative (overexpanded and underexpanded) gas jet flowing into the environment that have a pressure equal to atmospheric. A brief historical background on the development of methods for calculating turbulent supersonic jet, which contain developed shock wave structures, is given. For each considered turbulence model the basic relations, the values of empirical constants, general advice and experience of their usage for the calculation of various flows are provided. According to the results of tests the turbulence model that showed the best results are selected, the failures of the other models are explained. This study may be of interest to engineers using computational packages of gas-dynamics to calculate aerospace products.


This paper presents a parallel finite element method based on a domain decomposition method for the analysis of free-surface flows. The ALE technique is usefully applied to the deforming fluid domain. Parallel implementation of the unstructured grid based formulation is carried out on the Fujitsu AP3000. For the discretization of basic equations and boundary conditions, the stabilized finite element method including a shock capturing term is applied to the analytical domain. The method is applied to the three dimensional sloshing problem in a rectangular tank. The effect of parallelization on the efficiency of the computations are examined.


Ageing of components is a predominant concern for the reliability of systems which are expected to be in use over a long period of time. Unlike digital circuits where ageing causes logical errors, the ageing of analog components is often manifested in terms of performance degradation. When analog components are used inside large integrated circuits, the performance degradation of individual components may not show up in the visible output. In this early position paper we propose a methodology for choosing the conditions to be monitored on-chip for the component to determine that it is no longer fit to work in the context of the overall function of the integrated circuit.


Emanating from my PhD thesis Tangohia mai te taura (Take This Rope), this presentation discusses a practice-led research project that asks: 'How might approaches to Māori documentary making serve to elevate whānau narratives of experience and function as an artistic mode of redress?' The project generates a photographic essay in discourse with whakatauākī (significant saying), composed waiata (song), oratory, and a documentary that collectively considers connections between our murdered ancestor Chief Mokomoko, whenua, and whānau. By framing 'documentary' as something inclusive of film but also embracing oratory, toi pūkare and photographic essay creation, the study considers ways in which a researcher dealing with vulnerable family narratives might work cooperatively with a rōpū of artistic collaborators within Mātauranga Māori (Māori customs and knowledge) and kaupapa Māori (Māori research approaches). Emanating from the Kaupapa Māori paradigm, the study employs a Pūrākau methodology (McNeill and Pouwhare 2018; Pouwhare, 2016; 2019), where a tree functions as a metaphor for connecting explicit and esoteric knowledge. In such research, mahi (practice) operates like osmosis, drawing sustenance from roots that reach down into the realm of Te Kura Huna (what is unseen, genealogical, esoteric or tacit), drawing knowledge up into Te Kura Tūrama (the light of what is explicit and seen). The significance of the study lies in its potential to rethink documentary inquiry as culturally located practice. In so doing, the project will contribute to the corpus of knowledge about the wrongful execution of Chief Mokomoko and the resulting impact of land confiscation on our whānau. It will also extend how processes of indigenous, photographic and filmic documentation might function as a form of raranga (weaving), where interwoven strands are employed to create a fabric of understanding that may increase feelings of value, identification and historical redress.


From the results of a test of numerical analyses of 500-mb charts over an ocean area it is concluded that the number of ocean station vessels is a minimum and that supplementary upper air data is required to ensure continuously reliable upper air analyses. A method of determining the mean lapse rate by interpolation is presented by means of which heights of upper pressure surfaces can be extrapolated from observed values of surface pressure and temperature. An attempt is made to determine statistically the true mean error in the numerical analysis of upper-air charts. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1957.tb01872.x


The invention discloses an active oxygen washing machine tank cleaning agent and a preparation method thereof. The active oxygen washing machine tank cleaning agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30-70% of oxidation bleaching agent, 1-15% of bleaching activation agent, 1-15% of chelator, 0.1-5% of surfactant, 10-35% of washing assistant, 1-10% of metal protection agent and 0.05-5% of other components. The cleaning agent disclosed by the invention is used for cleaning a washing machine tank, achieves favorable bleaching and sterilizing effect at a low temperature, effectively removes dirt in the interlayer of the washing machine, solves the pollution problem of the washing machine and avoids the secondary pollution of clothes. The production method provided by the invention is simple and easy to implement and is suitable for industrial production.


Although quality management processes are now widely employed there has been continued controversy about their place in the education sector. This paper reports a case study using action research as an attempt to implement a quality management system in an academic department in a higher education institution. The paper argues that technical change is readily attained whilst adoption of a quality culture achieves only token acceptance .


Chapter headings and selected papers: Introduction. Middle Atmosphere Change. Middle atmosphere change through solar forcing, G M Keating & C Chen. C anges in characteristics of planetary waves at 80-100km over Central and Southern Europe since 1980, J Lastovicka & D Panchev . Detection of an Enhanced Greenhouse Effect. Detection of the greenhouse gas signal from space: a progress report, T P Barnett et al . Possible causes of enhanced greenhouse effect as due to natural and anthropogenic phenomena, V Bucha. Large-Scale Biological/Physical Processes in the Ocean and at the Ocean/Atmosphere Interface. Advances in modeling ocean primary production and its role in the global carbon cycle, W K Nuttle et al . Global to Regional Energy and Water Balance Parameters. Water balance and general circulation parameters deduced from operational satellites: the example of Tropical Africa, M Desbois. Climatological analysis of rainfall for the wet pampa and northwest of Buenos Aires province, C M Krepper et al . Physical/Biological Processes at the Soil/Atmosphere Interface. Modeling forest physics and ecology to assess the impacts of climate variability, P Martin. Use of thermal infrared remote sensing for water budget studies, C Ottle et al . Space Systems' Capabilities. Hydrometeorological, oceanographic and earth-resources satellite systems operated by the USSR, A Karpov. Japanese earth observing systems in the 1990s, T Tanaka. Management of Global Data Sets. Global change encyclopedia: a project for the International Space Year, J Cihlar et al . The NASA ocean data system at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, D Halpern. Author Index.


Novel, tunable solid-state emitters based on anthracene groups were synthesised and characterised by spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Their solid-state photoluminescence properties were studied. These fluorophores display interesting solid-state emission properties with an emission at wavelengths ranging from 550 to 650 nm when excited by a 325 nm helium–cadmium laser at room temperature. In particular, among them, 1,6-di(9-anthryl)hexa-1,5-diene-3,4-dione, 2-[4-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenyl]-4,5-bis[2-(9-anthryl)vinyl]-1H-imidazole and 2,3-bis[2-(9-anthryl)vinyl]quinoxaline show red, yellow and green emission, respectively, at 650, 584 and 550 nm. The results demonstrated that the luminescent colours can be tuned from red to yellow and green by simply varying molecular structure. Besides, 1,6-di(9-anthryl)hexa-1,5-diene-3,4-dione also exhibited an upconverted red fluorescent emission peak at around 675 nm under femtosecond excitation at 800 nm.


This article examines Peter I's second journey to Western Europe from the perspective of the Imperial resident Otto von Pleyer, who stayed behind in the tsar's new capital of St Petersburg and reported from there to the Imperial court of Vienna. What difference did it make, according to his reports, that the tsar was away on the road? Analysing two topics in the nineteen reports he made between February 1716 and October 1717 (the army, fleet, and the condition of the soldiers, as observed from St Petersburg, and artists, artisans, and architecture, especially the reception of the celebrated French architect Le Blond), the article concludes that themes of disharmony and dissipation on the one hand and accusations of irresponsibility and thoughtlessness on the other are so ubiquitous in Pleyer's reports that they create the impression of an acute potential threat and homemade crisis. The vacuum caused by the absence of the tsar itself, by rumors, and by constant wondering what the next step was increase the impression of a permanent latent crisis, even without the ultimate climax in the form of the flight of Tsarevich Aleksei. Furthermore, a close analysis of the two selected topics shows that the political problems were not isolated, but interdependent on the social and cultural spheres. With its additional research focus, the article contributes to previous research, especially that by Paul Bushkovitch. Pleyer's diplomatic reports convey a surprising degree of social criticism combined with a distinctive moral overtone. They provide a valuable source for the approaches of the New Diplomatic History.


1-methyl-2{[(3,4di methoxy pyridine2-yl) methyl] sulfanyl}-5-nitro1H-benzimidazole was synthesized by coupling 1-methyl-2-mercapto5-nitro-1H-benzimidazole with pyridine derivative in the presence of a base at room temperature. The group frequencies of IR and NMR spectra were assigned and tested for Antiulcer activity by using the technique Cold and restraint ulcer.


Multiple Bragg reflections (MBR) realized in one bent-perfect crystal (BPC) slab by sets of different lattice planes behave differently in comparison to the case of perfect nondeformed or mosaic crystal. Individual sets of lattice planes are mutually in dispersive diffraction geometry and the kinematical approach can be applied on this MBR process. It has been found that contrary to the perfect nondeformed or mosaic crystal, individual reflections participating in the MBR process can be spatially separated.


The Swedish Vocabulary of TIMSS 2011 8th Year Science Questions, with a Special Focus on the Nature of Low-frequency Words


The oxidation reaction of the cobalt(II) complex [Co(edta)]2− to [Co(edta)]− (edta4− = ethylenediaminetetraacetate ion) occurred efficiently by hydrogen peroxide or peroxodisulfate with activated carbon (AC) in aqueous media of pH 4.7, where the AC acts as a catalyst of the electron-transfer mediator. The oxidation reaction constitutes a chain reaction comprising the AC/AC+ cycle, in which the oxidation reaction is initiated by an electron-transfer from AC to hydrogen peroxide or peroxodisulfate to make radicals of AC+ and OH•, or SO4−•. These radicals could rapidly oxidize [Co(edta)]2− to [Co(edta)]−. The rate of the oxidation reaction is of first-order with respect to the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (or peroxodisulfate) and the AC amounts added, and of zero-order to [Co(edta)]2− under the conditions. Further, the rate was unrelated to the dissolved O2. In the case of hydrogen peroxide, it could be decomposed by the AC, even in the absence of [Co(edta)]2−, according to the first-order with respec...


..................................................................................................................... 19 Chapter 1: Theoretical Framework ........................................................................ 20 Intergroup Contact ...................................................................................................... 21 Direct Contact ................................................................................................. 21 Equal Status ......................................................................................... 22 Goal interdependence .......................................................................... 24 Cooperation ......................................................................................... 26 Authority support ................................................................................ 28 Friendship potential ............................................................................. 31 Generalisation ...................................................................................... 34 Relations between contact conditions ................................................. 35 Auspices of contact ................................................................ 36 Structure of contact ................................................................ 38 Behaviour ................................................................................ 40 Two-step mediation model of contact ..................................... 41 Mediators of contact effect ................................................................ 42 Behavioural.............................................................................. 42 Cognitive ................................................................................. 43 Affective .................................................................................. 45 Imagined Contact ............................................................................................ 47 Intergroup Climate ...................................................................................................... 49 Four-Factor Model of Intergroup Climate ...................................................... 52 Intergroup norms ................................................................................. 52 Ingroup norms ..................................................................................... 56 Macro authority norms ....................................................................... 57 Sociohistoric norms ............................................................................. 60 Effect of Intergroup Climate on Intergroup Contact Effects .......................... 62 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 62 Research Questions ..................................................................................................... 64 RQ1: What is the Structure of Contact? .......................................................... 64 RQ2: What are the Relations Between Contact Conditions? .......................... 65 RQ3: What is the Structure of Intergroup Climate?........................................ 65 RQ4: Do Intergroup Contact and Intergroup Climate Interact?...................... 65 Chapter 2: Intergroup Norms and Police-Black Relations in the UK ................. 67 Structure of Contact in Police-Black Relations .............................................. 67 Effect of Intergroup Climate on Contact Effects ............................................ 71 Study 1 ................................................................................................. 71 Hypotheses .......................................................................................... 72 Hypothesis 1 ............................................................................ 72 Hypothesis 2 ............................................................................ 72 Hypothesis 3 ........................................................................... 72 Contact and Climate 7 Method ........................................................................................................................ 73 Participants and Procedure .............................................................................. 73 Measures ........................................................................................................ 73 Quality of contact ............................................................................... 73 Intergroup norms ................................................................................ 74 Equal status ............................................................................. 74 Goal interdependence .............................................................. 74 Willingness to cooperate ..................................................................... 74 Intergroup anxiety ............................................................................... 75 Attitudes towards police ...................................................................... 75 Results ........................................................................................................................ 75 Contact and Climate Effects............................................................................ 75 Mediation Analyses ......................................................................................... 76 Parallel mediation model .................................................................... 76 Serial mediation model ....................................................................... 80 Model comparison ............................................................................... 80 Intergroup Climate and Intergroup Attitudes ................................................. 82 Discussion .................................................................................................................. 85 Chapter 3: Effects of Intergroup Norms and Sociohistoric Norms ..................... 89 The Present Studies ........................................................................................ 93 Study 2 ....................................................................................................................... 93 Hypotheses ...................................................................................................... 94 Hypothesis 1 ........................................................................................ 94 Hypothesis 2 ........................................................................................ 94 Hypothesis 3 ....................................................................................... 94 Method ........................................................................................................................ 95 Participants and Procedure .............................................................................. 95 Measures ......................................................................................................... 97 Perceptions of intergroup contact ........................................................ 97 Perceptions of status inequality ............................................... 97 Perceptions of goal interdependence ....................................... 97 Perceptions of intergroup norms ........................................................ 98 Results ........................................................................................................................ 98 Main Effects ................................................................................................... 99 Perceptions of intergroup norms ........................................................ 99 Perceptions of intergroup contact ....................................................... 99 Perceptions of status inequality .............................................. 99 Perceptions of goal interdependence .................................... 100 Interactions ................................................................................................... 100 Discussion ................................................................................................................. 102 Study 3 ...................................................................................................................... 102 Hypotheses ................................................................................................... 103 Hypothesis 1 ...................................................................................... 103 Hypothesis 2 ..................................................................................... 104 Hypothesis 3 ..................................................................................... 104 Method ...................................................................................................................... 104 Participants and Procedure ............................................................................ 104 Measures ....................................................................................................... 105 Results ...................................................................................................................... 105 Contact and Climate 8 Main Effects .................................................................................................. 105 Perceptions of intergroup norms ...................................................... 105 Perceptions of intergroup contact ..................................................... 106 Perceptions of status inequality ............................................ 106 Perceptions of goal interdependence .................................... 108 Interactions ..................................................................................................


An analytical approach which provides conservative estimates of the probability of fatigue brittle fracture of structural components of technical systems taking into account the scatter of the initial dimensions of crack-like defects described by the exponent probabilistic distribution is presented. The operational loading is considered both as deterministic (with loading cycles of constant amplitude and frequency) and random (stationary narrow-band Gaussian random loading) process. The crack growth kinetics is described by the modified Paris equation that takes into account the stress ratio effects. The parameters of the Paris law are considered deterministic values. An example of the assessment of the probability of fatigue failure of tubular structural component with an axial crack on the inner surface of a tube subjected to internal pressure is presented. A comparative analysis of the results obtained with and without taking into account the random nature of the operational loading is carried out. It is shown that neglection of the random nature of the operational loading leads to non-conservative estimates of the fatigue failure probability, which may differ by an order of magnitude compared to the calculation data obtained with allowance for the stochastic nature of the loading process. The developed method can be used in the implementation of probabilistic and risk-based approaches to ensuring strength, service life and safety of technical systems in real operation conditions and in adjusting standard operation programs in terms of choosing the frequency and scope of non-destructive testing.


The Alternator Test Unit (ATU) in the Lunar Power System Facility (LPSF) located at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in Cleveland, OH was used to simulate the operating conditions and evaluate the performance of the ATU and its interaction with various LPSF components in accordance with the current Fission Surface Power System (FSPS) requirements. The testing was carried out at the breadboard development level. These results successfully demonstrated excellent ATU power bus characteristics and rectified user load power quality during steady state and transient conditions. Information gained from this work could be used to assist the design and primary power quality considerations for a possible future FSPS. This paper describes the LPSF components and some preliminary test results.


The first term longitudinal rigid cofferdam were originally grouted rubble section. To quicken the pro-
ject construction pace, the first term longitudinal rigid cofferdam were optimized and the mixture were used for
concrete rigid cofferdam body. The optimization design scheme decreased the engineering quantity, saved in-
vest, quicken the construction pace and passed the design flood standard test in March, 1993.


We read the article ''The Ankle-Brachial Index is Associated With Cardiovascular Complications After Noncardiac Surgery'' by Carmo et al with interest. They evaluated the role of ankle–brachial index (ABI) as a predictor of cardiovascular (CV) complications in patients with and without an abnormal ABI submitted to noncardiac surgery. An ABI 0.9 indicated a >7-fold chance for the occurrence of the primary outcome. Patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic atherosclerosis or several risk factors have relatively high rates of CV events. Additionally, several studies demonstrated an independent positive association between asymptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) and CV events, including stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, and death among patients with previous stroke. Serena et al analyzed the adjusted predictive capacity of the ABI together with additional markers of atherothrombotic disease as predictors of CV events. In the ARTICO stroke population, symptomatic PAD and particularly the association of both symptomatic PAD and ABI 0.9 with internal carotid artery stenosis >50% were independently associated with a 3.72 and 4.39 times increased risk of new vascular events. The ABI is a relatively simple, easy, noninvasive, and inexpensive test, and it is >90% sensitive and specific compared with angiography, the gold standard. Although the ABI provides several benefits, it also has limitations. For example, 10% of the general population have a congenital absence of the dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial artery meaning that ABI would not be accurate. In conclusion, Carmo et al describe the ABI as a predictor of CV complications in patients with noncardiac surgery. This relationship needs to be evaluated in large-scale prospective randomized clinical trials.


The formation and uplift of mountain ranges constitute major geological phenomena that can have long-lasting effects on the evolutionary diversification of living organisms. They provide opportunities for adaptive evolution through an increase of spatial heterogeneity of the landscape, including elevation, and the generation of a wide variety of ecologically diverse biotopes, and affect the migration of organisms and the distribution of species since mountain ranges can act as both biological corridors and ecological barriers. Hence, it should come as no surprise that mountain ranges host a large proportion of the biological diversity on earth (Barthlott et al., 2007; Jenkins et al., 2013). The reviews of Wen et al. (2014) and Luebert and Weigend (2014) included in this Research Topic present accounts of plant diversification processes in two major mountain regions of the world: the Andes and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Both studies show that plant diversifications have occurred in relatively recent geological times, primarily since the Middle Miocene, and therefore followed the late uplift phases of the high mountain ranges of both the Andes and the Qinghai-Tibetan region during the last 15–20 million years (Garzione et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2008). It is thus likely that the formations of those mountain ranges are at least partially responsible for the observed diversification processes, as proposed in other, more recent studies (e.g., Favre et al., 2015; Sanchez-Baracaldo and Thomas, 2014).

Rapid diversification processes are documented for the Paramo clade of the plant genus Hypericum in the northern Andes (Nurk et al., 2013). The high diversity of this group originated recently (2.3–5.6 mya) and its diversification rate is well above the background diversification of Hypericum. This pattern of diversification is also seen in other endemic plant groups of the Paramo flora, and the region has the highest average diversification rate among all biodiversity hotspots in the world (Madrinan et al., 2013). Given the similar ages of these lineages (Luebert and Weigend, 2014) and of the high-elevation environments of the Paramo (Mora et al., 2010), these diversifications may have been triggered by the formation of high-mountain habitats in the northern Andes. Increased speciation rates would have occurred along with mountain uplift and habitat diversification, as observed in other Andean groups such as hummingbirds (Chaves et al., 2011) and butterflies (Despland, 2014), confirming the ideas initially proposed by Simpson (1975). Similar diversifications as those observed in the Paramo ecosystem have also occurred in plants of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (Wen et al., 2014), but more studies are necessary to gain insights into any large-scale pattern (Favre et al., 2015).

Mutke et al. (2014) report the distribution patterns of four Andean plant groups to reflect habitat heterogeneity rather than uplift history or barrier effects of mountain ranges, supporting, at least partially, the hypothesis that direct drivers of plant diversification in both the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Andes include plant-pollinator interactions, local adaptation to diverse environmental conditions and polyploidization (Luebert and Weigend, 2014; Wen et al., 2014). Although not reported in this Research Topic, the occurrence of polyploidization has been shown for the European-centered plant genus Campanula. Polyploid species of this genus are concentrated in the Campanula rotundifolia-complex, a mountain clade of Pliocene origin (Mansion et al., 2012). The significance of plant-pollinator interactions for the isolation of plant populations and plant diversification in mountain ranges, on the other hand, has been shown for three Penstemon species by Kramer et al. (2010).

The different studies reported in this Research Topic clearly illustrate the potential effects of mountain uplift and formation on species diversification, at least in two major mountain regions of the world. A synthesis of biological diversification on mountains is, however, still far from being achieved and the potentially high complexity of the involved history, geography and biological processes encourages further research (Hoorn et al., 2013; Favre et al., 2015; Luebert and Weigend, 2014; Wen et al., 2014). Nevertheless, we hope that the collection of papers in this Research Topic will be of interest to scientists and will stimulate development of new studies and syntheses. We sincerely thank the authors and the reviewers for their efforts and contributions that made this Research Topic possible.


Wide spread damage due to floods is one of the very common water induced natural disasters in Nepal that account for heavy losses during the monsoon period every year. Perennial rivers that flow through Siwalik area transport heavy sediments loads than rivers located in other areas during rainy season due to very fragile geology of the Siwaliks. Investigating the sediment production and transportation regime in the Siwalik regions of Nepal, drainage analysis was conducted. Satellite data was used in identifying the changes of land coverage, floodplain and river channels. Reasons for these changes were examined with field observation and aerial photograph interpretation. These series of studies evidently showed the crucial causes of the massive sediment production were due to intense erosion that led by the fragile geology, intense rainfall, lack of vegetative coverage, exploitation of lands due to human activities and root morphologies of the indigenous vegetation. * Corresponding author.


Combating against corruption is a longterm political task.Under the new situation,combat between corruption and being against corruption will be more sharp and intense.Its means tend to be modern;itsexpression way presents the characteristic as"legal system".The field and scope of struggle will also be becoming increasingly internationalization,and preventing corruption is more important than punishing corruption.


New advances in fabrication of low-density high-Z-doped foams have opened new windows on understanding how materials that are not in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) are heated and radiate. Simulations are discussed in this paper of the x-ray spectral emissions from laser-irradiated very low-density Ge-doped silica aerogel targets using a two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics code incorporating a modern non-LTE superconfiguration atomic model. Details of the computational model are presented, and it is shown that, for the long-scale-length, subcritical-density, ∼2–3 keV electron temperature plasmas created in experiments at the Omega laser facility [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)], the simulations provide a close match to both the measured Ge L-shell emission (∼1–1.5 keV) and the measured Ge K-shell emission (∼10–11 keV), but only by accounting properly for nonlocal thermal conduction. The older average-atom atomic model is shown to be inadequate for these non-LTE plasmas.


Abstract:In her 1959 novel Primera memoria, Ana María Matute establishes and disrupts a series of binary oppositions in order to suggest that their coexistence is possible. Additionally, the confusion of moral absolutes both represents the difficulties of adolescence, one of the book's central themes, as well as questions the Francoist ideal of unity. In particular, this essay interrogates Matute's ambivalent and fluctuating descriptions of nature alongside Francoist propaganda that promoted rural life in order to arrive at a new understanding of Annis Pratt's theory of the archetypal green world. While at times the natural world is a comforting refuge for Matia, connecting to her innocence as a young girl, it is also very often presented as violent and ominous, echoing the cruelties of the adult world that fascinates and repulses her. Matute's emphasis on the more threatening aspects of the green world additionally critiques the glorification of rural life and of woman's connection to the earth, as seen in publications by the government's Sección Femenina (Women's Section).


The article discusses one of the problems of local government functioning ensuring fiscal autonomy of local authorities. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of formation of tax revenues of local authorities, and to the proposals aimed at the problem solution.


In this article we show the importance of the class of fuzzy differential equations where the right hand side of the equation is a fuzzy function generated by applying Zadeh's extension principle. Through concrete examples, we show that fuzzy functions obtained by applying Zadeh's extension principle are more appropriate than fuzzy functions obtained by using the usual fuzzy interval arithmetic (R.E. Moore's interval arithmetic on alpha-levels).


The invention relates to a device for change of stock rails (7) adjustably associated with the tongue rails (6) or the movable core tongues in railway points, formed as jack or vertical chamber closure comprising latches (4), which (by means of a cam or slide rod 5a, 5b ) are actuated, as well as locking parts (3) and tongue attachment (2), each closure member (4) in a tongue attachment (2) pivotally mounted and the tongue rail (6) to the tongue attachment (2) is detachably connected. For such a device an improved and easier adjustment is to be created. To this end, the cam or slide rod (5a, 5b) polygonal body vertically over a in the two closing pieces (3) is detachably mounted (9) height-adjustable.