Alternaria sp., Fusarium spp. and Paecilomyces sp. were isolated from soft rot of Populus nigra L., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn., Platanus orientalis L., Pinus halepensis Mill. and manufactured wood of fiber, particle board, Plywood, white spruce( picea glauca voss.), and red wood (sequoia sempervirens Lamb. Endl.), These pathogens demonstrated high degree of rotting and staining for most of the wood species particularly on plywood and maple wood caused by Alternaria sp. and Fusarium spp. respectively Aspergillus spp., Rhizopus sp. and stemphylium also were associated with above fungi, and demonstrated atypical wood staining by their spore pigments and showed significant soft rot in vitro. Zinc chromate and pentachlorophenol were more effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of isolated fungi particularly Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. . Wood immersion in 1% pentachlorophenol also suppressed the progression of inocula mixture on the wood specimens when placed under the moist soil substrate conditions. Bordeaux and zinc naphthenate were similar in their efficiency .


Single phase power energy meter is a measurement equipment to measure the voltage, current, power usage and the frequency at our home. The design of this project is based on analog devices integrated circuit (IC) that will produce an accurate, reliable and fully functional energy meter with LCD display in a single IC. These analog devices also provide excellent performance with less error over an extended current dynamic range. It is because power energy meter are used to measure the active power for our billing at home. Meter with less error will give the efficient measurement of the power usage. With this condition, consumer will pay the bill related to the actual value of their meter. After finished built this meter, it is needed to test whether the design software suitable for the IC or not. If the IC can function, then need to test with the load and make sure LCD will display the measured value. When LCD display the measured value, check the accuracy of the meter. Repair the design if error occurs.


Philosophers since Adam Smith and David Hume have theorized that emotions play a role in ethical decision making. The most recent findings in neuroscience suggest that moral action does not occur without a firm handshake with the emotions. This paper explores the connection between emotions, bounded rationality and professional ethical decision making, specifically journalistic negotiation between freedom and responsibility. Based on the findings of neuroscience and coupled with feminist ethics and the concept of proto-norms as outlined by Christians, journalists' moral sentiments regarding these core concepts are linked to the development of a moral imagination that seeks both professionally sound and morally creative alternatives to difficult ethical choices. A case study of one documentary film maker illustrates the theory.


The Ottoman Empire entered the war in October 1914. Once the military authorities had pronounced the war to be a Jihad, Christian and Jewish soldiers were removed from their military units and sent to the battalions called Amale Taburlari (road-building units) or tawabeer al-amale (labour battalions). One of these was Jerusalemite Hayim Nahmias who was conscripted in 1917. His experiences in a labour battalion were set down in a diary that lay unread for many years, until it was recently discovered in a storage unit. This article explains the nature and purpose of the labour battalions, and discusses Nahmias's experiences as reflected in his war diary.


Summary: A redundant flexible set of 44 skin markers has been developed to study human gait. In practice, only subsets of the marker system are used for individual gait studies. Software structure allows extreme flexibility in specific marker selection sites. Analysis of identical kinematic studies with different marker sets demonstrates the inherent inaccuracies of rotational wands and skin marker sets that have been commonly used for motion analysis. Key Words: Gait-Kinematics-Skin markers. Analysis of human motion has traditionally been accomplished by cinematographic, goninometric, or video techniques. Recent availability of reliable commercial video hardware and software for semi automated three-dimensional analysis has made this technique the practical standard for kinematic studies. Video techniques use either light-emitting diode (LED) or retro reflective markers for tracking point trajectories in three-dimensional space, that are subsequently used to calculate body segment motions and intersegmental angles. There has been no agreement on the best method of marker placement, the ideal number of markers, or the optimum method of expression of segmental motion; literature on the subject describes many individual marker placement configurations used at different laboratories (3,6,7). At our own institution, the wide variation in age of subjects, presence or absence of neuromuscular disease (including the ef


Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by inhalation of Histoplasma capsulatum microconidia. The disease does not normally affect immunocompetent individuals after a single, transient inhalation exposure. However, longer exposure may cause chronic or disseminated acute pulmonary infection. Herein, we report the case of a 24-year-old immunocompetent patient, who presented fever, cough and dyspnea for one month. The chest radiography revealed interstitial infiltrate and diffuse micronodules. The patient reported having had close and prolonged contact with bats. Diagnosis was confirmed by positive double immunodifusion and immunoblotting assays. She was treated with ketoconazole (400 mg) and there was complete resolution of the disease.


OBJECTIVE:To review the recent advances in the expressions of EMMPRIN and the apoptosis-regulating genes in cervical carcinoma.METHODS: By cervical carcinoma,EMMPRIN and apoptosis-regulating gene as keywords,the papers of literature were collected by searching from 2005-06 to 2010-01 in PubMed and CNKI.Choice criteria: 1) the functions and the characteristics of EMMPRIN and apoptosis-regulating genes;2) the expressions and clinical significance of EMMPRIN and the apoptosis-regulating genes in cervical carcinoma;3) the changes and significance of the expressions of EMMPRIN and the apoptosis-regulating genes in cervical carcinoma after treatment.By extraction according to the choice criteria,44 papers were finally selected.RESULTS: EMMPRIN is connected with the invasion and metastasis of cervical carcinoma.Bcl-2,Bax,Smac/DIABLO,GRIM-19,COX-2 and Livin are overexpressed differently in cervical carcinoma tissue.However,the expression of Caspase-3 is low.CONCLUSIONS: EMMPRIN and the apoptosis-regulating genes are expressed differently in cervical carcinoma tissue,which linked closely with the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.They are associated with clinical stages,pathological grades,treatment sensitivity and survical rate of cervical cancer,and they provide novel evidence and idea in the clinical diagnosis,treatment evaluation and prognosis of cervical carcinoma.


The hypothesis that lizard mite pockets have evolved as a host response to limit damage by ectoparasites is tested. Evidence from the New Caledonian geckos of the genus Rhacodactylus does not support the hypothesis. Putative pockets in popliteal position are present in all taxa examined, but are infested by trombiculid chiggers only in Rhacodactylus auriculatus, a partially terrestrial species. Tissue damage results from the formation of a stylostome within the host pocket. No mechanisms for host amelioration of parasite effect are evident. At least in Rhacodactylus, chiggers appear to facultatively exploit skin folds or pockets, which may have evolved and been maintained as a result of selective forces unrelated to ectoparasite damage limitation.


Co-infection with intestinal parasites and tuberculosis infection is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality especially in resource poor countries in sub-Saharan Africa. A cross-sectional study in seven LGAs of Benue State was conducted to determine the prevalence of polyparasitism in tuberculosis patients and apparently healthy individuals. The TB patients were recruited from individuals already participating in the Directly Observed Short-course Treatment (DOTS) programme. These patients had varying degrees of tuberculosis severity and were categorized into scanty infection, light infection (1+), moderate infection (2+) and heavy infection (3+). Stool samples were examined using formal-ether concentration technique. A total of 661 tuberculosis patients were examined for intestinal parasites. 254 (38.4%) had at least one or more intestinal parasites. 153 (23.1%) of them harboured multiple parasites. However, of the 826 apparently healthy individuals, 333 (40.3%) were positive for at least one intestinal parasite. Out of these 333 positive individuals, 191 (23.1%) had multiple infections. Tarka Local Government Area had the highest prevalence (47%) of intestinal parasites which was significantly higher than Apa, the Local Government Area with the least prevalence of 17.7% parasitic infection, and this had no significant difference from the prevalence of multiple parasitism in the remaining six Local Government Areas sampled. On the whole; 1487 individuals were investigated, 557 (36.5%) had intestinal parasites and 364 (24.5%) had multiple parasitism. Eight different type of co-infections were encountered with the most frequent being hookworm and E. histolytica which was significantly higher than other types ( p < 0.05) and was consistently higher in male tuberculosis patients. The occurrence of these co infections increased significantly ( p < 0.05) with TB status of moderate (2+) to heavy infections (3+). The high prevalence of multiple intestinal parasites in tuberculosis patients poses a serious challenge to the current tuberculosis management strategy. Keywords: polyparasitism, tuberculosis, Benue State, Nigeria


Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in trade and tourism confront themselves with a rather precarious level of managerial training. Data collected by means of a field research on SMEs in Brasov city tends to support this view. The paper highlights some of the findings of the research in this respect and formulates some proposals on the issue.


The stability, energetics, and structures of three common inorganic phosphate species, H2PO4-, H2P2O72-, H3P3O102-, and their corresponding neutral radical and monoanions, were investigated in the gas phase using photodetachment photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. We found that H2P2O72- and H3P3O102- are stable in the gas phase with adiabatic electron binding energies of 1.16 and 2.45 eV, respectively. A very high adiabatic electron binding energy of 4.57 eV was measured for H2PO4-. The intramolecular Coulomb repulsion energies in H2P2O72- (∼2.7 eV) and H3P3O102- (∼2.3 eV) were estimated from photon-energy-dependent photoelectron spectra. Density-functional theory calculations were used to search the optimal geometries for both the doubly and singly charged species. We found only one minimum energy conformation for H2P2O72- with two intramolecular H-bonds and C2 symmetry and three minimum energy structures for H3P3O102-. The lowest energy structure of H3P3O102- has three intramolecula...


This research-in-progress paper proposes a method of specifying context-awareness, in terms of events in the application domain, and their corresponding adaptable Web service respondent behavior within a fine-grained security framework. This proposed method will be validated through testing using a real-world system as a case study.


Wawacan Sajarah Haji Mangsur (WSHM) is one of historical literature works telling about the stories of Banten in the sultanate period in which Haji Mangsur becomes the main actor in this Wawacan. There are three manuscripts of WSHM which can be inventarized; two of them are collected in Bibliotthek Library of Leiden University, the Netherlands, indicated by the code LOr. 7420 dan LOr.7419, and another one is placed in National Libary of Jakarta indicated by the code BG.183. All of these three manuscripts are generally hand-writing by using Arab-Pegon text in Javanese Banten language. After identifying and analyzing the text, it seems that these three manuscripts derives from one source. Based on the result of comparing the texts, all of them are used in the text edition. After criticizing the text, there are several writing error on the WHSM text,i.e. in the form of substitution, addition, and lacuna. Such errors are ,then, corrected in the text edition. Reading materials on the base manuscript which is corrected by substituting, rediuing, or adding are noted in critical apparatus. The method of text edition used in this study is the basis method. It is used because among all these three manuscripts is a manuscript, indicated by the
code LOr. 7420, which takes the shine of from the other ones.
Key Words: The Manuscript of Wawacan Haji Mangsur, Philology, Text Edition


Dear Editor, We read the article "neurological recovery in traumatic spinal cord injuries after surgical intervention" by Mohammad Naeem Ur Razaq and colleagues with Interest. 1 They have shared their experience of delayed surgical intervention in traumatic Spinal Cord injury (SCI) and concluded that it may produce results comparable to early surgery in term of neurological recovery. We would like to highlight the role of multi-disciplinary SCI in improving the functional outcomes, quality of life (QOL) and community reintegration in these patients. This is a concept which is either misunderstood, ignored or simply neglected in Pakistan. Early SCI can enhance motor recovery, improve physical independence, 2 and maximize function 3 . The consequences of neglecting rehabilitation post-SCI are grave and may include complications like pressure ulcers, spasticity, contracture formation, neuropathic pain, reduced mobility and psychosocial complication issues like depression and even suicide. 4,5 These complications result in a poor functional outcome, increase the cost of care and prolonged length of stay in the hospital. 5 Ideally, SCI rehabilitation begins from intensive care and facilitates SCI patients to achieve their full potential in terms of medical, physical, emotional, recreational, social, vocational, and functional recovery. 6 The SCI rehabilitation can be provided during the acute, subacute, and chronic phase. SCI Rehabilitation during the acute and subacute phases focus on preventing secondary complications, promoting and enhancing neurologic recovery, maximizing function, and establishing optimal conditions for long-term maintenance of health and function. In the chronic phase, compensatory or assistive approaches are often used. 3 This holistic care is best provided by a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team led by a physiatrist (Rehabilitation Medicine specialist) and includes other team members like a physical therapist, occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, clinical psychologists, social workers, rehabilitation nurses, orthotist, and social worker. This holistic care is best provided in a specialized SCI centre having above-mentioned rehabilitation team. 7 Unfortunately, the situation in Pakistan regarding SCI management and rehabilitation is not very encouraging. The tragedy of 2005 earthquake highlighted the inability of the Pakistani healthcare system to cope with hundreds of SCI patients. Many makeshift centres were established in a haste and majority did not have any qualified Rehabilitation Medicine physician as in charge. 8 Patients under Rehabilitation care had reduced rate of complications and better outcomes as compared to that lacking coordinated SCI rehabilitation. 8 Currently, there is no central trauma or SCI registry in Pakistan and there are no accurate estimates of new SCI patients or those living in the community. There are only two dedicated SCI rehabilitation centres in the whole of the country. One is the Paraplegic centre; Peshawar and the other is the Spinal Rehabilitation Unit of Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine. The SCI centre at National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Islamabad, with no physiatrist as staff member, is more of a long-term nursing facility mainly for the female paraplegics of 2005 earthquake who have been abandoned by their families. There is a need to highlight the value of early coordinated SCI rehabilitation for the patients with traumatic SCI in Pakistan. While early surgery can help fix the spine and prevent deformity, it cannot reverse the neurological damage sustained by a transacted spinal cord. Moreover, the majority of the patients exhaust their finances for surgery and are often unable to afford SCI rehabilitation which is a long-term process. This is further complicated by the fact that neurosurgeons in Pakistan hardly give an adequate referral and patient guidance for SCI rehabilitation. The only advice in majority cases is " maalish ', "exercise" or "physiotherapy". Physiotherapy is an integral part of the SCI rehabilitation but cannot address issues like neuropathic pain, pressure ulcer prevention, neurogenic bladder and bowel management and depression. There is a need for better awareness both for the neurosurgeons and the general public about the value of early referral for a multi-disciplinary SCI rehabilitation. The FCPS residents in Rehabilitation Medicine have a mandatory rotation in neuro-surgery. It is time that Neurosurgery residents should also do rotations in Rehabilitation Medicine to understand the value of multi-disciplinary SCI rehabilitation. This will ensure better outcomes for the SCI patients in Pakistan and help them achieve their full potential and contribute to the society like Christopher Reeve and Muneeba Mazari. Although trauma care in Pakistan has substantially improved but coordinated rehabilitation services are still lacking. There is a dire need for spinal cord injury rehabilitation services which can be provided by a team of experts in spinal cord injury rehabilitation lead by a qualified rehabilitation medicine physician.


Sp (7.5%) and Salmonella only (1.5%) (Hazrah P, Oahn KTH et al, 2004). From one study aimed at looking at the prevalence of bacterial cultures in which material is taken simultaneously from the gallbladder and bile ducts. The sample was divided into 7 groups. The results were obtained from the control group with normal channels and no bacterial isolation was found. Another group of patients with gallstones, acute cholecystitis, hydrophic gallbladder had the same positive culture rates in their gallbladder and ducts — 22% to 46%, but signicantly higher in bile duct stone patients without cholangitis (58, 2%). Furthermore, gallstone patients with cholangintis or previous cholecystectomy had a higher positive culture than bile duct stones without cholangitis, 93% to 100% (Hazrah P, 2004). The incidence of gallstones over 60 years of age signicantly inuenced the positive culture rate of the gallbladder. There was no relationship between the number of stones in the gallbladder and bile duct stones with the percentage of positive cultures for the presence of bacteria. It was reported that 98% of patients had the same bacteria isolated from their gallbladder and ducts. There are several types of bacteria found in the gallbladder and bile ducts. The results of culture were grouped according to the bacterial frequency> 5%, namely Eschericia Coli, Streptococcus D, Klebsiella and Enterobacter, 2-5% bacteria found Proteus, Salmonella Thypii, Streptococcus Viridans and <2% frequency found Achinobacter, Streptococcus B, Salmonella Para thypii, Citrobacter , Pseudomonas, Campylobacter, Alcaligenes, Streptococcus Epidermidis. Other groups of anaerobic


Objective To discuss preoperative medicine to prevent acute suppurative appendicitis incision infection.Methods We collected appendectomies patients according to whether preoperatie drugs or not,they were divided into two groups,contrasted the incidence of postoperative incision infection.Results Incision infection rate of the group of preoperative drugs was 6.83%,the group without antibiotic was 15.63%,P0.05.The postoperative clinical signs of infection(local swelling,pain,fever) training positive rate,not pathogenic treatment group was significantly higher than preoperative treatment group.Conclusions Preoperative use of antibiotics can reduce appendectomies incision infection.


A 496‐μm CH3F cavity laser characterized by an average power of 9 kW and predominant single longitudinal mode operation with a linewidth of 28 MHz has been constructed. The power conversion efficiency of the laser (CH3F power out/CO2 pump power in) is on the order of 1.5×10−3. The CH3F gas is pumped in a zig‐zag fashion by the CO2 laser radiation.


This paper presents an in-depth examination of Thai wh-expressions as variables. I claim that wh-expressions are variables with no inherent interrogative force. As variables, they acquire different interpretations in different contexts. A syntactic relation between the operator and the variable is implemented in terms of the probe-goal relation (Chomsky 2000). The probe-goal relation is established by the operation of Match. In Thai, a goal (as a variable) is "underspecified" for featural content. A feature specified on the probe is copied onto the underspecified goal, thereby satisfying feature matching. In wh-contexts, the probe is identified as a covert interrogative Q [wh] . The [wh] feature of the probe Q is copied onto the underspecified goal. I argue that the probe-goal relation is established via Match (without Move). The covert Q [wh] probe is base-generated in C. In the context of negation, a goal matches the [neg] feature on the Neg probe, hence functioning as a Negative Polarity Item (NPI). In a yes-no construction, the goal matches the [polarity] feature on the Q [polarity] probe, functioning as an Existential Polarity Item (EPI). The probe-goal relation is predictably constrained by the c-command relation and locality conditions.


Ultrathin YBa2Cu3O7−δ epitaxial films were successfully grown in situ on (001) SrTiO3 and MgO substrates by means of ozone‐incorporating activated reactive evaporation. The x‐ray‐diffraction study was carefully examined to determine the structural properties of the grown films. Excellent crystallinity with no interfacial disorders was revealed by the appearance of the Laue oscillations. It was found that in a well lattice‐matched YBa2Cu3O7−δ/SrTiO3 system, the crystallinity was deteriorated due to defect introduction at the critical layer thickness hc ( ∼ 130 A). Interestingly, also in a poorly lattice‐matched YBa2Cu3O7−δ/MgO system, excellent crystallinity was revealed even at above hc ( < 24 A). This implies that an anomalous misfit relaxation process exists in the YBa2Cu3O7−δ/MgO system. In such a system, no crystal imperfection of the MgO substrate caused by defect introduction was elucidated by the grazing incidence x‐ray scattering, which indicated that the MgO substrate did not contribute to the ...


Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) affects the quality of life due to the effects on patients' physical and mental functions. The quality of life in sleep apnea patients may improve by treating the sleep disorder with the continuous airway positive pressure (CPAP) machine. The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand the life experiences of individuals who have been medically diagnosed with sleep apnea. This study focuses on patients' personal lives in dealing with OSA and how they are able to function in society and what their quality of life is both before and after treatment, by utilizing in-depth interviews and field research.


Welcome to the sixth issue of the Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, with its set of articles, symposia, and features. In the first of the two articles in this issue, Leonardo Maugeri takes on a very timely topic— oil price behavior. In so doing, he seeks to identify the fundamental elements that shape the dynamics of the world oil market, drawing upon recent upheavals in those markets for his analysis. He concludes with a discussion of what the future may hold for world oil prices and proposes some reforms to help make the oil market more transparent and perhaps more stable. The second article—by Robert Hahn—examines the choice between cap-and-trade and carbon taxes as policy instruments for addressing climate change. An attractive feature of these policies is that either auction revenues or tax revenues can be recycled for productive purposes. Hahn proceeds to evaluate the arguments for auctions and taxes in light of political realities, and finds that the enthusiasm for these two policy approaches has not been accompanied by clear and comprehensive assessments of whether and how the revenues would actually be used. This issue of the Review continues with two symposia. The first symposium—on a critical global issue, China's environment—was organized by Dale Jorgenson. In the first of three articles, Jing Cao, Mun Ho, and Jorgenson introduce the symposium and examine the local and global benefits of green tax policies in China, using an economy–environment model. The authors employ air dispersion simulations and information about population to estimate health damages due to air pollution, and provide estimates of incremental damages. Based on these marginal damage estimates, they simulate the effect of "green taxes" on the economy and argue that the environmental benefits of such policies exceed their aggregate costs. The second article, by Haakon Vennemo, Kristin Aunan, Henrik Lindhjem, and Hans Martin Seip, examines the status and trends of environmental pollution in China. The authors find that China has been able to contain, and to some extent improve, urban air and water quality at the local level. However, the situation is considerably less positive at the regional level. Although China's CO2 emissions have grown rapidly in recent years, the authors argue that future growth in CO2 emissions is likely to be slower. They conclude that China appears to be following a path with respect to environmental pollution that is similar to the one taken by more industrialized countries. In the third and final article in our China symposium, Jing Cao, Richard Garbaccio, and Mun Ho examine the benefits and costs of sulfur dioxide (SO2) abatement policies, focusing on two measures the government is taking to achieve its SO2-reduction targets: the shutdown of small, inefficient power plants and the installation of desulfurization equipment on existing and new coal-fired plants. Using a multisector model of the Chinese economy, the authors find that in the aggregate, the economic benefits of the shutdown of small power plants are


AbstractA growing number of large culverts in the national transportation network are in poor condition. Often, aging infrastructures carry heavy traffic through urban corridors. Either after failu...


In complex operations surgeon volume may impact outcomes. We sought to understand if individual surgeon volume affects left ventricular assist device (LVAD) outcomes.


2nd edition. C Kjeldsberg; ed. 757 pages. Chicago: American Society of Clinical Pathologists Pr; 1995. $75.00. ISBN 0-89189-401-2. Order phone 800-621-4142. A down-to-earth manual on diagnostic studies and tests. Sufficient relevant pathophysiologic and clinical descriptions of hematologic diseases and disorders are given as background, but most of the text is devoted to the purposes, principles, procedures, and interpretations of specific tests. An appendix gives reference values and ranges for test results. Detailed index.


Recently, Andrews introduced the partition function C¯k,i(n) as the number of overpartitions of n in which no part is divisible by k and only parts ≡±i(modk) may be overlined. He proved that C¯3,1(9n + 3) and C¯3,1(9n + 6) are divisible by 3. Let A¯l(n) be the number of overpartitions of n into parts not divisible by l. In this paper, we call the overpartitions enumerated by the function A¯l(n) l-regular overpartitions. For A¯3(n) and A¯4(n), we obtain some explicit results on the generating function dissections. We also derive some congruences for A¯l(n) modulo 3, 6 and 24 which imply the congruences for C¯3,1(n) proved by Andrews. By introducing a rank of vector partitions, we give a combinatorial interpretation of the congruences of Andrews for C¯3,1(9n + 3) and C¯3,1(9n + 6).


At the heart of Canada's "Fordist" class compromise after World War II lay a new unionism which reinforced managerial control in the workplace. By repudiating rank-and-file initiatives against various dimensions of management control of the labour process, the new unionism displaced a potentially transformative kind of unionism that arose during the war. The significance of this transition is explored through a comparative examination of the relations between union leaders and members at two autoworker locals, one of which exemplified the ran-and-file-oriented local unionism of the war years, the other the new centralized unionism which came in its wake. It is argued that this transition to a new unionism was a key contributor to the marginalisation of class-based politics in Canada after the war.
 Resumes

Au coeur du compromis de classe «fordiste» au Canada apres la Deuxieme guerre mondiale, on trouve un nouveau genre de syndicalisme qui renforce le controle patronal sur les lieux de travail. Le nouveau type de syndicalisme deloge une forme de syndicalisme plus militante apparue pendant le conflit mondial, en repudiant ces initiatives venues de la base visant a contrer differentes dimensions du controle patronal sur l'organisation du travail. Par l'analyse comparative des relations entre les dirigeants syndicaux et leurs membres dans deux syndicats locaux, l'article vise a comprendre la signification de cette transition. L'un des locaux represente le modele du militantisme «de la base» des annees de la guerre, tandis que l'autre illustre le syndicalisme centralise qui lui a succede. Selon cet article, la transition vers une nouvelle forme de syndicalisme est un facteur clef contribuant a la marginalisation des politiques de lutte «classe contre classe» apres la guerre.


Sulfides are readily oxidized to sulfoxides by a solution of pyridine, water, and trichloroisocyanuric acid in acetonitrile and methylene chloride.


Portals may be defined as starting points on the Web for users which may lead them to e-business services (Adar & Huberman, 2000). Portals are part and parcel of e-business (Kappel, Werner, & Schroder, 1998) whose common goal is the electronic support of business or market transactions (Book, Gruhn, & Schope, 2000). E-business affects the way businesses interact with consumers, as well as the way businesses interact with one another. Electronic interactions both increase the efficiency of purchasing and allow an increased reach across a global marketplace. Partially as a result of competition among various Web portals, a more open e-business environment is developing, which allows businesses to trade more flexibly with each other (Trastour, 2003). In Germany, the e-business market is dominated by the business-to-business market, where German companies spend 2% of their annual earnings, on average, in developing their e-business capabilities. Their focus is on marketing, distribution, and services to other businesses. The motivation for this focus is that it generates the most sales compared to the business-to-consumer market, where the corresponding sales lag behind (Koeckeritz, 2003). This article focuses on the commercialization (e-business) side of Internet portals involving some of their technical issues and some of the advantages of their use. Although business to consumer portals are discussed, business to business portals are focused on due to their relatively huge market significance.


In a hospital environment, textile substrates have been implicated as a vector in the transmission of disease. To mitigate the harmful spread of disease via textile substrates, an effective measure is treatment of textiles with antimicrobial agents. The current investigation compares one of the most widely used chemically synthesized antimicrobial agents, triclosan with chitosan, a naturally occurring antimicrobial agent. For the study, samples of a common polyester/cotton textile used in hospital settings were treated with triclosan and chitosan based antimicrobial agents. Following treatment, the samples were analyzed for their effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using standard AATCC Test Methods. The efficacy of the treatment to laundering was then evaluated by subjecting the treated samples to 50 washings and repeating the tests against the challenge microorganisms. Data obtained were statistically analyzed at a 95% confidence interval. Results showed that before laundering both triclosan and chitosan treated samples were extremely effective as antimicrobial agents. After laundering, chitosan was less effective against E.coli but maintained efficacy against S. aureus. The effectiveness of triclosan was not adversely affected after the laundering treatments.


A pair of first half-magnet which acts as an electric field formed in the pair of the half coil (24a, 24b) actuator 20 which is applied to an active-type echo pedal unit with each other in which a current flows in the opposite direction to the invention (25a , 25b) a force (Fr) to push the pedal (1) to form a separate repulsive force (Fc) is made up of VCM (Voice Coil Motor), in addition to the primary thrust force (Fa, Fb) from the current supply VCM consisting of increased by giving the echo mode (eco mode) significantly improve the implementation efficiency, in particular by being a single-phase control by the single-phase driver chip error (error) while not risk is not subject to high Hall sensor largely items Chengdu height with enhanced operational reliability and compact than reducing Fig FET Quantity Do (Compact) configured as well as the cost also has a feature that could reduce significantly.


A spatiotemporal network is a spatial network (e.g., road network) along with the corresponding time-dependent weight (e.g., travel time) for each edge of the network. The design and analysis of policies and plans on spatiotemporal networks (e.g., path planning for location-based services) require realistic models that accurately represent the temporal behavior of such networks. In this paper, for the first time we propose a traffic modeling framework for road networks that enables 1) generating an accurate temporal model from archived temporal data collected from a spatiotemporal network (so as to be able to publish the temporal model of the spatiotemporal network without having to release the real data), and 2) augmenting any given spatial network model with a corresponding realistic temporal model custom-built for that specific spatial network (in order to be able to generate a spatiotemporal network model from a solely spatial network model). We validate the accuracy of our proposed modeling framework via experiments. We also used the proposed framework to generate the temporal model of the Los Angeles County freeway network and publish it for public use.


Via a survey of questionnaires, this empirical study analyzes the features of English Majors' note-taking in interpreting,current training practice and main existing problems therein, based on which some improvement measures are suggested so as tocontribute to future interpreting teaching and practice.


This paper conducts an empirical study on the scientific output of public libraries among 31regions in China during 2002-2011,and gives advice on how to improve research capacity of public library.Using the number of papers published,number of foundation papers,number of papers published in core periodicals,core journal rate,citation number and frequency,average citation per paper,paper cited rate,number of highly cited paper,highly cited paper frequency and H-index as evaluation indexes,the author makes factor analysis and clustering analysis by SPSS software.Results show that public libraries in Guangdong Province and Shanghai have prominent ability for published paper output and outstanding academic influences respectively.Research capacity of public libraries in our country differs greatly inside or outside regions.The study provides empirical evidence for reducing regional disparities in research capacity of public libraries.


Introduction Chronic diseases that may lead to restrictive ventilatory dysfunction are characterised by reduced lung volume either because of an alteration in lung parenchyma or because of a disease of the pleura, chest wall or neuromuscular apparatus. Aim to asses the role of spirometry in managing chronic diseases associated with a decline of FVC in order to establish the moment of therapeutic intervention (surgery or continuous positive pressure ventilation) for improving the quality of life of the patients. Method A retrospective study conducted at 'Dr. Victor Gomoiu' Children's Hospital including 46 hospitalised patients. For all patients 74 spirometries were made between ianuary 2015 to december 2016. The patients had chronic diseases that in time may lead to a restrictive pattern, defined as a decline of FVC under 80% predicted. We classified the study group in three categories: neuromuscular disorders (Muscular Dystrophies, Spinal Amiotrophy and Myasthenia gravis) – 30 patients, rare syndromes (Sdr McLeod, Sdr Dejerine Sotos, Mucopolysaccharidoses, etc) −10 patients and rib cage deformities – 6 patients. Results The study group included 34 boys and 12 girls with ages ranging from 4 to 17 years old. Spirometry was normal at entry with a median FCV 88% from predicted, whereas the maximal FVC was 119.4% from predicted and the minimal FCV was 33% from predicted. 41.3% of the patients had restrictive ventilatory dysfunction and that means 12 patients from the group of neuromuscular disorders, 6 patients from the group of rare syndromes and one patient from the group with chest wall deformities. The median of age in the study group was 11 years old, similar to that of the nineteenth children with restrictive ventilatory dysfunction. Eight children made several spirometries during the study and we observed a decline of 11% FVC/year whereas the second spirometry showed a median FVC 65% from predicted. Conclusions Periodically monitoring of the lung function by a personalised plan is being required in managing treatment options or paliative care for patients with chronic diseases that may lead to restrictive pulmonary dysfunction. Spirometry is very important especially for patients with neuromuscular disorders because they have a more rapidly decline in FCV. As shown in our study, the rate of decline in respiratory function corelates with the neuromuscular pathology.


A novel reconfigurable sequential decoder architecture based on the Fano algorithm is presented in which the constraint length, the threshold spacing, and the time-out threshold are all run time reconfigurable. To maximize decoding performance, a maximum possible backward depth (of a whole frame) is performed. This is achieved by using shift registers combined with memory to store the information of an entire visited path. A field-programmable gate array) prototype of the decoder is built and actual hardware decoding performances in terms of decoding speeds, bit error rates (BERs), and buffer overflow rates, are obtained and comparisons made. To overcome the decoding delay that is inherent in sequential decoders, a hybrid scheme, including simple block codes and cyclic redundancy check is proposed to limit the number of backward search operations that the sequential decoder has to execute. As a result, a significant reduction in decoding delay and buffer overflow rate is achieved while maintaining comparative decoding performance in terms of BER


In this series of talks I will survey some of the basic notions, ideas, and results from free probability theory; with special emphasis on the occurrence of various orthogonal polynomials in that context. One main focus will be free stochastic analysis and the corresponding chaos decomposition of free Brownian motion. Also second order freeness and the diagonalization of fluctuations of random matrices will be treated.


This study aims to map the potential of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) and describe the success of businesses in the area of assistance of the GNI Foundation in the villages of Nanggerang and Pasawahan Village, Sukabumi. This research is a quantitative descriptive study supported by qualitative data using mixed methods research. The research was carried out in two villages that were deliberately selected and became the area of assistance for the Indonesian Gugah Nurani Foundation (GNI), namely Nanggerang Village (Cibilik, Gintung, Nanggerang1, Nanggerang2) and Pasawahan Village (Pasawahan, Cibuntu, Selaawi, Sindang Palay) Cicurug District, Sukabumi Regency. Based on the survey results, the number of MSEs in the 2 (two) villages 171 businesses with potential in agriculture for Nanggerang village and food processing fields in Pesawahan village. Potential business opportunities in the villages of Nanggerang and Pasawahan villages at this time are the business of agricultural cultivation and food processing. This agricultural cultivation means businesses related to agricultural production such as organic vegetables or healthy vegetables, cultivation of healthy catfish (biofloc technology), healthy chicken cultivation, cultivation of sheep, goats and cows. Market-based agricultural business or market needs. The types of businesses mentioned above have broad market potential with clear target targets. The processed food business in question is a business managed by groups or individuals with local raw materials such as cassava and its derivatives, coconuts and derivatives, and processed fish products. The business success of MSEs in Nanggerang and Pasawahan villages is indicated by the business being run by its own business (86%), business duration of more than 10 years (33%) with a turnover of 1-10 million per month (47%) and contribution to income family more than 75% (37%).


The research and development of nanoparticulate materials has been emerging for decades. Today they provide clever solutions and promising prospects for current and possibly for future problems. However, the traceable morphological and chemical characterization of nanomaterials remains challenging with respect to the various possible sizes, size distributions, shapes, and concentrations of real-world nanoparticles (NPs). A cause and, at the same time, a consequence of this situation is the lack of standard measurement procedures accompanied by a reduced number of available certified reference materials. In order to address this problem, the project ' nPSize – Improved traceability chain of nanoparticle size measurements ' was initiated in the framework of the EU-EMPIR initiative. The development of traceable measurement procedures for size, shape, and concentration covers a central part of the project including only measurement techniques able to provide traceable nanoparticle sizes and number concentration: Electron Microscopy (SEM, STEM-in-SEM and TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy, Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and single-particle ICP-MS. A unique set of NPs such as spherical, cubical, bipyramidal, platelets and elongated particles, with monodisperse, polydisperse (including bimodal) size distributions was developed


Substituted benzeneand naphthalenesulfonates are highly water soluble anionic Compounds that are widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical and textile industries. They are applied as reactants in chemical syntheses but also as textile auxiliaries (dispersants, wetting agents, oxidants, hydrotropic agents, reservation agents) and concrete admixtures (plasticisers). After use, aromatic sulfonates are discharged to either industrial or municipal sewage treatment plants (STP). In contrast to other anthropogenic organic Compounds (e.g., LAS, EDTA, NTA), data on the behaviour of benzeneand naphthalenesul¬ fonates during sewage treatment are very scarce. The high water-solubility and the xenobiotic character indicate that aromatic sulfonates might not be readily eliminated by either mechanical or biological sewage


A gold/graphene hybrid layer works as triple-level anti-counterfeiting after femtosecond laser irradiation. The presence of graphene enables key structural information related to anti-counterfeiting signatures to be covert thoroughly under the surface of the hybrid layer.


The objective of this study was to determine the effect of decorticated Moringa oleifera seed meal inclusion level on productivity and meat characteristics of female Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 21 to 42 days. The chickens were fed ad libitum isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets but with differing seed meal inclusion levels of 0 (M0), 5 (M5), 10 (M10), 15 (M15) and 20 (M20) g/kg DM, in a complete randomized design. Seed meal inclusion had no effect (P>0.05) on intake, growth and live weight but it improved (P 0.05) on meat nitrogen, ash, pH and colour but it improved (P<0.05) lipid and energy contents of the meat. The results indicate that meat lipids, energy, polyunsaturated fatty acids, tenderness, juiciness and flavour were optimized at different seed meal inclusion levels of 11.10, 12.96, 12.67, 7.50, 15.50 and 19.50 g/kg DM, respectively.


Objective: Curcumin, derived from the rhizome of
the plant Curcuma longa Linn. (Zingi-beraceae) has
been recognized as a promising anti-cancer drug due
to its multiple cellular and chemical properties. Also
curcumin is known to modulate the activities of certain
enzymes involved in the bioactivation and disposition
of chemicals and their preventive effect in some cancers
as colon cancer has been shown in some studies, also
in recent years there were some investigation about
role of serotonin and serotonin mimetic drugs in some
malignancies as breast, prostate, bladder and colon
cancers. As these findings are new we tried to study
role of curcumin and ritanserine (a 5HT2A receptor
antagonist) and their interaction on proliferation and
apoptosis of different colon cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: For this aim we used MTT
assay for proliferation and TUNEL method for apoptosis
assay and with western blot and immunohistochemistry
we assayed proteins expressions.
Results: Our results showed that curucmin and
ritanserine by itself can prevent colon cancer cells
proliferations significantly and they have synergic
interaction in antimitogenic and apoptotic activity,
also with protein expression assays we have shown
significant expression for 5HT2A receptors in cancer
cells and tissues.


Field portable ED-XRF instruments have greatly reduced the time and effort required it takes to screen environmental samples for ppm and higher levels of various toxic elements. These instruments have proved valuable for a variety of elemental analysis applications in industries such as mining and agriculture, but have not yet been widely used for regulatory applications. This could partly be due to the fact that XRF limits of detection (LODs) for many toxic elements are in the range of 1-10 ppm at best, whereas regulatory limits for toxic elements in food samples are often well below these LODs. Nevertheless, some imported goods such as herbal supplements, Ayurvedic medicines, and cosmetics have concentrations of toxic elements that are detectable via XRF, and hence can be rapidly screened using hand-held XRF analyzers prior to introduction into U.S. commerce, thus reducing the number of samples for subsequent lab-based analysis via techniques such as ICP-MS, reducing operating costs and/or enabling the screening of larger numbers of products.


The liquid transport device for controlling the electrical position of the liquid, irregularities provided in order to solve the number of electrodes is problematic to control the voltage to the surface of the device for transporting liquid, in addition to electrical force, surface tension liquid by by utilizing the force to restore the spherical device for transporting liquid can be halved the number of electrodes for controlling voltage.


This paper,based on accurate historical facts,argues that Chinese classical poetics,with its unique oriental aesthetic perspective,has exerted a great influence on the movement of Imagism in poetry initiated by Ezra Pound in the early 1900s.


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Recommended Citation Botelho, Jeannie S., "A comparison of behavioral problems between speech and/or language impaired children and normal children" (1986). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3519.


ObjectiveUnderstanding the diet nutrition and health state in participants of Bama County in China for improving the intake of nutrition.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to survey the health status in 2161 samples from 540 families in 3 Bama Counties of China,and of the 746 participants had been surveyed for the diet nutrition.A weighing method was used to obtain the seasoning consumption in each family,the 3-day food consumption were collected for each person by a 24-hour recall.The body height and weight were measured and the hemoglobin and Vitamin A were also detected.Results The 1-day average of energy intake of per capita was 1897.1 kcal,which was about 79.1% of the recommendation nutrition intake(RNI).The intake of the protein and fat was 56.4g and 75.8g,respectively,of which could provide 11.84% and 35.80% body energy,respectively.The intake of Vitamin A,thiamine and ovaflavin were 53.05%,69.23% and 53.85% RNI,respectively.The intake of Ca,Fe and Na were 26.29%,98.81% and 264.43% of adequate intake(AI),respectively.The animal food protein was 36.99% of the total,and the animal fat was 78.98% of the total.The incidence of malnutrition,obesity,overweight and anemia were 14.47%,7.57%,3.29% and 26.35%,respectively.Conclusion The nutrient intake of population in Bama County is still below the recommendation intake levels,the intake of energy and protein is still low,and the intake of Ca and Vitamin A is insufficient,and the intake of Na is still above the recommendation level.There is a high prevalence of malnutrition and anemia in Bama County,and the incidence of nutrient-related chronic disease should be under consideration.


Since 1990 at the University of Rome "Tor Vergata" a meteorological station (SP 240 CAE) completely automated, powered by a solar pannel and equipped of pluviometer, thermoudometer, anemometer and solarimeteris operating. This station belongs to C. N. R. Agrometeorological network in Latium to which the data are sent every 30 minutes by radio. From January 1996 the meteorological station has been integrated by a volumetric pollen trap (Lanzoni VSSP 2000) so airborne pollen monitoring are related to climatic data. The characteristics of this new station along with the first data collected will be presented and discussed.


Neglect is damaging to children in the short and long term. Neglect is associated with some of the poorest outcomes. It affects children in the early years, but teenage neglect, often overlooked, is also damaging. Formulating an effective response to neglect still poses national and local challenges.


Lower Meramecian carbonate rocks produce oil and gas in western Kansas in association with a regional sub-Pennsylvanian subcrop belt flanking the Central Kansas Uplift. A new, informal stratigraphic subdivision is defined for the lower Meramecian section in western Kansas. Based on regional log correlation, strata are subdivided vertically into discrete 40-100 ft (12-30 m) intervals which are correlative over much of western Kansas. Reservoir zones develop discretely within several lower Meremecian intervals, and production from individual fields is primarily associated with a single interval. Core studies of the productive intervals confirm the subdivision and indicate that these lower Meramecian intervals may be chronostratigraphically significant units. These intervals are further subdivided into smaller, parasequence-scale chronostratigraphic units which impart a high degree of vertical heterogeneity to individual reservoirs. Recognition of the stratigraphic zonation is critical to the interpretation of the existing field distribution, maximizing recovery from known fields, and the prediction of undiscovered fields. Field distribution in the central portion of the subcrop belt is dictated by the association of favorable reservoir trends with structural and/or stratigraphic traps. Critical elements in reservoir development are (1) grain-supported depositional fabric, and (2) diagenetic alteration, including pervasive but incomplete dolomitization, and subsequent dissolution of undolomitized calcite. Trapping mechanisms include lateral facies change, structural enhancement, and subunconformi ty truncation. Unconformity-related effects critical to reservoir development and entrapment include enhancement of porosity and permeability due to dissolution, and formation of subunconformi ty truncation traps sealed by overlying, clay-rich regolith (Pennsylvanian basal conglomerate). Unconformity-related paleodrainage patterns influence the location of supra-unconformity valley-fill sandstone reservoirs.


Recently, new tactical metrics have been developed to increase the match analysis' potential. Naturally, innovate metrics need some updates in order to improve the utility to the soccer coaches. Thus, this paper aims to update the surface area metric, proposing the effective area of play given some efficacy information's about team players' positioning. Furthermore, aim analyzes the effective area of play of each team depending on the state of ball possession and a full match of 7-a-side soccer game in the district final was also analysed. Results showed an inverse correlation between teams' opposite effective areas of play(r p = -0.681), suggesting the expansion-contraction relationship. Furthermore, was analyzed statistical differences with large effect between the moments with and without ball possession for the team A (F (1; 1506) = 1343.893; p-value ≤ 0.001; η 2 = 0.472; Power = 1.000) and B (F (1; 1506) = 968.500; p-value ≤ 0.001; η 2 = 0.391; Power = 1.000).


A high efficiency and high linearity 1.2 V operational AlGaAs-InGaAs-GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) for digital wireless personal handy phone (PHS) handset application has been developed. The device exhibits maximum power added efficiency (PAE) of 43.62% at 1.2 V drain bias. Under 1.9 GHz/4-shifted QPSK modulated PHS signal, the device shows an output power of 22.02 dBm with linear efficiency of 37% and adjacent channel leakage power (ACP) of -56.86 dBc at 600 kHz apart from the center frequency. The device developed shows excellent performance at 1.2 V operation and can be used for low voltage PHS handset application.


The main ingredients of flavonoids from GBE were flavonoidal glycosides.The complex enzymes were used to removed the glycosyl,the aglycones transformation ratio was just 0.23%.When the enzymolysis flavonoids solution was catalyzed with naringinase father,aglycones content improved significantly,and the total rates of the bioconversion reached to 59.65%,including 24.87% quercetin,4.60% isorhamnetin and 30.18% kaempferol.


&NA; A 32‐year‐old woman who emigrated from Eastern Europe is evaluated for persistent epigastric pain and bloating. Previous assessments showed a normal complete blood count and comprehensive metabolic panel and a negative result on serologic testing for celiac disease. Serum testing for Helicobacter pylori IgG was positive. She was treated with 20 mg of omeprazole, 1 g of amoxicillin, and 500 mg of clarithromycin, each taken twice daily for 10 days, but her symptoms persisted. How would you further evaluate and treat this patient?


The Optic research project has identified a list of 79 different types of transport measures adopted in Europe. Unintended effects were reported in the majority of the examples, predominantly on the negative side.


In this paper the author considers permissibility, i.e. impermissibility of the use of force in international law due to enormous human rights violations (massive crimes against civilian population, ethnic cleansing) within borders of a particular country, as well as viewpoints of scholars in international law on humanitarian intervention, with special consideration of air strikes of NATO armed forces (without any prior authorization of the Security Council) against different targets in Yugoslavia in 1999, and the UN role in maintenance of international peace and security.


SENSITIVITY GROUPS are being used extensively in the United States, Europe and Australia for the purpose of helping individuals and organizations cope with social change. Rapid changes in society have produced stresses which society and its component members have found dimcult to bear. Stress at the individual level is indicated by feelings of helplessness, meaninglessness and lonelinesswhich appear to affect an increasing number of people in our communities. Technological changes, increasing population, and increasing organizational complexity have made it very dimcult for the average man to understand his place in the scheme of things. Without understanding, his identity is threatened, for identity and meaning are largely given by his relationships to the various groups of society. Without such meaningful and intelligible relationships, man is lost or alienated, unable to understand his world, himself, and his relationships to other persons. Corresponding to these individual stresses there are organizational stresses. Change in technology, values, information and population size produce problems for industrial, educational, religious and political organizations. Unless they adapt to these general changes in society, these organizations are likely to fail-industries die if they cannot adapt to technological change, educational institutions become arid and breed discontented students if they do not teach in a way that is relevant to a modern changing society. The universities are at present the centre of controversy because students are challenging the traditional aims and organization of these tertiary institutions. Religious organizations are likely to fail to achieve their prescribed aims if they are unable to communicate to a society which is changing. Finally, political organizations are likely to have reduced influence if they are unable to identify the changing needs and problems of their constituents.


PurposeIn this paper, the explicit multistep, explicit multistep-SP and implicit multistep iterative sequences are introduced in the context of modular function spaces and proven to converge to the fixed point of a multivalued map T such that PρT, an associate multivalued map, is a ρ-contractive-like mapping.Design/methodology/approachThe concepts of relative ρ-stability and weak ρ-stability are introduced, and conditions in which these multistep iterations are relatively ρ-stable, weakly ρ-stable and ρ-stable are established for the newly introduced strong ρ-quasi-contractive-like class of maps.FindingsNoor type, Ishikawa type and Mann type iterative sequences are deduced as corollaries in this study.Originality/valueThe results obtained in this work are complementary to those proved in normed and metric spaces in the literature.


The structures of the CaO-P2O5-SiO2 slag system with varying P2O5/SiO2 ratios at a fixed CaO content have been investigated by molecular dynamics simulation using the pairwise potential model. The results showed that the average bond lengths of Si-O and P-O were 1.610 « 0.001i and 1.531 « 0.005i in the examined range of the P2O5/SiO2 ratio. More than 95% Si and P ions were 4-coordinated and formed tetrahedral structures. Average coordination numbers of P-O and Si-O decreased slightly while average coordination number of Ca-O revealed a rising trend with the addition of P2O5. The non-bridging oxygens (Si-O-Ca and P-O-Ca) were the overwhelming majority and further increased with the substitution of SiO2 by P2O5, which results in the decrease of the polymerization constant Kp. The numbers of Si and P groups linked to a tagged Si or P tetrahedron (Qn speciation) characterized the polymerization degree of the slag system. The Q0 of both P and Si declined remarkably with the increase of P2O5. Correspondingly, (Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4) of Si and P increased observably, implying that the polymerization degree of the slag system was enhanced. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2014363]


An industrial hygiene survey and preliminary epidemiological investigation of the Young Aniline Works, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, was conducted on February 22, 1973, as part of the NIOSH industrywide study of the producers and users of benzidine and its salts. A detailed description is given of the handling of benzidine sulfate slurry in the production of dyes. Industrial-hygiene measures and medical surveillance for bladder cancer, in effect at the time of the survey, are described. Worker exposure to benzidine sulfate slurry was observed in the drum unloading and benzidine mixing and charging area, and engineering controls in the area were grossly inadequate. Several exposure problems were observed in the use of personal protective equipment and work clothing in addition to work-procedure difficulties in the unloading and mixing operation. Recommendations are made to reduce worker exposures and increase occupational health protection.


Background: - "Catatonia" is characterized by alterations in motor, behavioral, and vocal signs occurring in the context of medical, neurologic, & psychiatric disorders. While considering medical etiology, renal failure has been described as one of the factors. It may result in seizures & catatonia. Furthermore, renal failure even though rare has also been implicated in the causation. Aim: - We aim to report a rare case describing multiple etiologies (Renal failure, Seizure, Covid-19) & treatment in a patient with catatonia. Result/Case report: - The patient had Covid-19 infection with concomitant renal insufficiency with uremia. He developed an episode of seizure on 3rd day of admission and subsequently developed catatonic symptoms in the post-ictal phase. He did not respond to anticonvulsive treatment but did so with Lorazepam. Discussion: - A variety of conditions can produce catatonia. It is less widely recognized that this state may be caused by seizures; which in turn can also be due to renal failure. Catatonia occurring in the wake of seizures generally responds to the anticonvulsive medication. Even though rare and anecdotal, catatonia has been reported in a few cases reports in patients suffering from Covid-19 infection & it can occur in both the para & post-infectious states. Conclusion: - We also want to highlight that lorazepam proved to be an effective and safe choice for the treatment of catatonic symptoms & eventually led to the improvement in the symptomatology of Covid-19. Therefore, we also propose further studies for the treatment of such patients.


s of the 13th Congress of ECCO – European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation S085 Department of Gastroenterology, Yvoir, Belgium, 11Triemli Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland, 12University and Medical School of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece, 13Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I  Pujol, Badalona, Spain, 14CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain Background: Genital granulomatosis (GG) is a extraintestinal form of Crohn's disease (CD), characterised by granulomatous inflammation of the genital skin without contact to the gastrointestinal tract. Little is known about GG as most publications are case reports or small series, and only sporadic in male cases. Methods: Cases of GG were retrospectively collected through the Collaborative Network For Exceptionally Rare case reports project of the European Crohn ́s and Colitis Organization. The aims of this study were to extensively describe GG in patients with CD, with particular attention to male cases and to provide data on the response to treatments in GG. Results: Forty patients (9 males, 31 females) were diagnosed having GG in 21 centres, mostly as oedema and/or ulcers (95%). Histological confirmation of granulomas was obtained in 70% of the cases. CD location was colonic or ileocolonic in 97% and perianal disease was documented in 57%. There was no significant difference between males and females in CD phenotype and genital lesions. GG was the first manifestation of IBD in one third of the patients; these patients were younger at the time of GG occurrence and they all were non-smokers. GG occurred in the absence of gastrointestinal disease activity in 30% of the cases. After median follow-up period of 30 months (range, 9 to 154 months), clinical response to applied treatment was documented in all but one patient. In case of monotherapy as first-line treatment attempt 91% of the patients responded to systemic corticosteroid treatment, 56% of the patients responded to immunomodulators, and 81% of the patients responded to anti-TNFα agents. The best long-term response was observed on anti-TNFα therapy in 46% of the cases. Conclusions: GG is a rare extraintestinal manifestation of CD, which can precede intestinal CD. It more frequently occurs in women, predominantly in the setting of colonic involvement of CD and perianal disease is often associated. Most cases are successfully managed with systemic corticosteroids or anti-TNFα agents. DOP Session 10: Microbes, food and cancer in IBD


The amplification of waves at the fundamental frequency is studied with the help of the Floquet theorem for a beam with a periodic density profile. The following effects are found: 1) The growth rate decreases with increasing modulation for an arbitrary density profile (for a high modulation frequency and a high gain). 2) A new passband appears for a beam consisting of distinct bunches of arbitrary shape. 3) There are discontinuities in the gain as a function of the frequency. 4) ''Hard'' excitation of waves may occur (i.e., the growth rate may have a lower limit). An equation is derived for determining the spectrum and the growth rates through simple calculations for an arbitrary given periodic modulation.


In order to apply texture measurement based heuristic commitment techniques beyond the unary capacity resource constraints of job shop scheduling, we extend the contention texture measurement to a measure of the probability that a constraint will be broken. We define three methods for the estimation of this probability and show that they perform as well or better than existing heuristics on job shop scheduling problems. Empirical insight into the performance is provided and we sketch how we have extended probability-based heuristics to more complicated scheduling constraints.


Josef Frank (1885–1967) was born near Vienna, where he trained in, practised and taught architecture until 1933. Although in the 1920s he designed housing estates and large residential blocks built...


We exhibit a model structure on 2-Cat, obtained by transfer from sSet across the adjunction C2 ◦ Sd 2 ⊣ Ex 2 ◦ N2.


In this era of knowledge enormous research work is being published by various modes of publications. It can be a journal, conference proceedings, open and online resources or any other. Many of them are used by other researchers with due citations. Traditionally these citations are measured by Bibliometrics. Over a period of time publication platforms changed from traditional counting to web based counting called Webometrics. Teaching faculty are always struggling to find new ways of providing evidence of their changing scholarly value. Open access and online availability of scholarly information changed the scenario of mentions. People are using information from any scholarly publications and mention in their blog, Twitter account, Facebook or any other social media. These mentions are as important as citations for an author's tenure and promotions. To calculate this entire web based mentions an alternative metrics method is coined 'as Altmetrics.' This article discusses basics of Altmetrics, its importance, use in scholarly impacts and tools for providing data to calculate Altmetric scores. Geeta Girish Gadhavi Gujarat University, India


This paper reconsiders the supposed agreement of David Ricardo and William Nassau Senior on the question of the method of political economy. The first part shows that Senior was very critical about Ricardo's approach to economic phenomena and considered that this question of method had important consequences on theoretical points. The second part analyzes the way Ricardo was dealing with economics. It shows that though Senior was right in considering that their respective methods were different and led to important analytical divergences, he nevertheless misunderstood Ricardo's method with a hypothetico-deductive one. The consequence is that Senior's criticisms on Ricardo's theories of rent, natural wages, and of the tendencies of agricultural returns to decrease and of profit to fall are ill-founded, being based on a misunderstanding of the way they were established.


'It is incorrect to view the recovery of the profits of unlawful activity as a part of the criminal justice process and, as such, justifiable only on the basis of a prior finding of guilt according to the criminal standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt.'


This study was to prove that seed of soursop (Annona muricata Linn) can be use
as bioacariside to control male Rhipicephalus sanguineus. R. sanguineus is a
blood-meal tick was found in dogs around the world. Male R. sanguineus was
found more than female, also can blood-meal more than once and move from one
host to another host, which make it also as an intrastadial vectors. Seed of soursop
contains annonaceous acetogenin can be use as insecticide against worm, fly, and
ticks on cows. This study use three concentration of suspension of soursop seed
flour, which are 1, 5, and 10% respectively, and immersion time in 5, 10, and 15
minutes respectively. Every treatment was use 10 male-ticks of Rhipicephalus
sanguineus and three time repetition for each treatment. The soursop seed flour
was added by 1 gram CMC as suspensator. The result shows that concentration
5% of suspension of soursop seed flour in 5, 10, and 15 minutes of immersion
time give the effect of mortality are 16.67, 10, and 6,67% respectively. The mode
of entry of annonaceous acetogenins was contact poison and digestive poison,
which the target is mitocondria cell that disturb the energy production. There is
possibility of tick resistant against suspension of soursop seed flour.


The purpose of this paper is to examine compliance with PREMIS at National Library Board Singapore and the National Library of New Zealand. It will look in detail at how the development process, variation in content types, existing embedded technologies, and current knowledge all play a role in influencing the shape of the preservation metadata that is created, stored and used in a digital preservation system.


Culture's substrate is the social network, linking social factors to cultural evolution in a variety of ways. 12 Population size and structure have been well studied, yet little is known about variation in population 13 turnover—the cyclic replacement of individuals in fission-fusion social systems. Using a generative rein- 14 forcement learning model, we explore how turnover affects the selective retention of more adaptive traits. 15 We simulate competition between a high and low reward behavior, while varying turnover magnitude and 16 tempo. We find optimal turnover regimes that promote selection for higher reward behaviors relative to 17 static populations. Turnover's effect depends on network size, density, behavioral transmissibility, and 18 characteristics of the learners. We show that information loss, combined with the enhanced ability of 19 naive agents to sample behaviors, are key mechanisms that link turnover to cultural outcomes. We pro- 20 vide theoretical support and predictions for the important role of naive learners for cultural evolution, 21 identified by previous experimental studies.


Rolapitant is a selective and long‐acting neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist approved in an oral formulation in combination with other antiemetic agents for the prevention of delayed chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in adults. Four open‐label phase 1 studies evaluated the safety and drug–drug interactions of a single dose of rolapitant given intravenously (166.5 mg) or orally (180 mg) with oral digoxin (0.5 mg) or sulfasalazine (500 mg), probe substrates for the P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), respectively. Administration of intravenous rolapitant with the substrates did not result in clinically significant effects on digoxin and sulfasalazine pharmacokinetics. In contrast, peak concentration and area under the curve for last quantifiable plasma concentrations increased by 71% (geometric mean ratio [GMR], 1.71; 90% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–1.95) and 30% (GMR, 1.30; 90%CI, 1.19–1.42), respectively, when rolapitant was coadministered orally with digoxin compared with digoxin alone; they increased by 140% (GMR, 2.40; 90%CI, 2.02–2.86) and 127% (GMR, 2.27; 90%CI, 1.94–2.65), respectively, when rolapitant was given orally with sulfasalazine compared with sulfasalazine alone. Adverse events were mild to moderate in severity in the absence or presence of rolapitant. There were no abnormal clinical laboratory or electrocardiogram findings. Thus, whether administered orally or intravenously, rolapitant was safe and well tolerated. Patients taking oral rolapitant with P‐gp and BCRP substrates with a narrow therapeutic index should be monitored for potential adverse events; although increased plasma concentrations of these substrates may raise the risk of toxicity, they are not contraindicated.


This paper deals with the synthesis and characterization of a novel task specific ionic liquid (TSIL) using green chemicals such as tricaprylmethyl ammonium chloride (TCMA) and salicylate via an anion metathesis reaction and char- acterization by 1 H-NMR technique. Also, a method for the synthesis of indolyl chromenes has been accomplished by the one-pot three component reaction of salicyaldehyde and malononitrile with indole catalyzed by simple and efficient me- thyltricaprylammoniumthiosalicylate based ionic liquids. The proposed TSIL was recovered and reused for half a dozen times without potential loss in its efficiency. This work also describes the in vitro antioxidant activity of indolyl chromenes as potential antioxidants. Most of the compounds assayed showed excellent reducing power and free radical scavenging ac- tivities.


In this work, we introduce an efficient Bernoulli-Laguerre collocation method for solving a class of hyperbolic telegraph-type equations in one dimension. Bernoulli and Laguerre polynomials and their properties are utilized to reduce the aforementioned problems to systems of algebraic equations. The proposed collocation method, both in spatial and temporal discretizations, is successfully developed to handle the two-dimensional case. In order to highlight the effectiveness of our approachs, several numerical examples are given. The approximation techniques and results developed in this paper are appropriate for many other problems on multiple-dimensional domains, which are not of standard types.


Efforts to overhaul U.S. immigration policy often generate more show than substance. Last week, they produced both: a three-ring circus of activity that pushed reform ahead without deciding what Congress ultimately will do. Most attention focused on the U.S. Senate, where a committee last week won bipartisan agreement on a path to citizenship for some 11 million undocumented immigrants. But members of the U.S. House of Representatives also shared the limelight. Republican leaders demonstrated their piecemeal approach to immigration reform with a bill that would ease the entry of skilled foreign labor in ways that paralleled the Senate legislation. And a bipartisan group of House members continued work on a broader immigration proposal that is expected to include STEM provisions. The overhaul effort faces numerous obstacles, however. Some labor specialists, for example, worry that the Senate bill does too little to protect U.S. STEM workers from immigrant competition.


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"Contemporary trends in border control and its redefinition as they unfold in North America and in the European Union are analyzed according to a conceptualization of "border" as a social space with complex dynamics. This is a departure from conventional studies of the border as the sole manifestation of state power, or as a dividing device of the world labor market into dual categories of nationals and foreigners. Exploring the study of borders as a social space thus enables their examination as a differentiation mechanism applied at the political and economic level; as a "process" of ordering the internal space; and, finally, as a constitutive process that empowers these social forces that intervene at the border. Applied to North America and the European Union, border redefinition and consolidation can best be understood in the context of reterritorialization of the economic and political space around these regional dynamics."


The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, we compare the accuracy of previous studies that analyze the ability of the Composite Index of Leading Indicators (CLI) for predicting turning points. Alternative filters are also proposed. For these comparisons, we adapt the test developed by Diebold and Mariano (1995) to the business cycles framework. Second, we combine different approaches to produce a filter that transforms the monthly CLI growth figures into a more intuitive measure of the probability of recession. We examine the predictive power of the CLI for movements in GDP. For the first objective, we analyze the accuracy of the following models: First, we generalize the analysis of Hamilton and Perez-Quiros (1996) describing how linear univariate and bivariate models can be used to forecast nonlinear phenomena such as turning points. We update their study of multivariate Markov switching models. Second, we extend the Smooth Transition Regression methodology to a VAR context. We identify the transition function as the filter that shows the probability of locating the economy between the different states. Third, we analyze an expansion of the probit model suggested in Estrella and Mishkin (1998). Finally, we propose a new methodology based upon adaptive kernel estimation for predicting recessions nonparametrically. Despite the good in-sample performance of the switching regimes model, we conclude that a simple linear univariate model for GDP is more accurate than any bivariate specification in real-time. For the second objective, we suggest that a combination of the forecasts may exploit more leading information from the CLI than any of the individual forecasting models. Combining forecasts of growth, we apply the rule proposed by Granger and Ramanathan (1984). Combining forecasts of recessions, we use a method in the spirit of Li and Dorfman (1996). We prove that a combination of the switching regimes (the best within recessions) and the nonparametic (the best within expansions) is as good as a combination of all the models. The out-of-sample results indicate that the real-time combination presents the most accurate statistical forecast of both GDP growth and recessions. Thus, we conclude that the CLI is useful in anticipating both turning points and output growth. In addition, in contrast to Hess and Iwata (1997), we find that nonlinear specifications perform better than simpler linear models at reproducing the business cycles features of real GDP. An illustration of the operation of this filter shows that the same CLI growth rate contains very different information about the probability of an imminent recession depending on the period considered.


Zimbabwe is one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa Background: disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus. In the "treat all" era, we assessed the gaps in routine viral load (VL) monitoring at six months for children (0-9 years) and adolescents (10-19 years) newly initiated on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) from January 2017 to September 2018 at a large tertiary hospital in Bulawayo. In this cohort study using secondary data, we considered first VL Methods: done within six to nine months of starting therapy as 'undergoing VL test at six months'. We classified repeat VL≥1000 copies/ml despite enhanced adherence counselling as virally unsuppressed. Of 295 patients initiated on ART, 196 (66%) were children and 99 Results: (34%) adolescents. A total 244 (83%) underwent VL test at six months, with 161 (54%) virally suppressed, 52 (18%) unsuppressed and 82 (28%) with unknown status (due to losses in the cascade). Switch to second line was seen in 35% (18/52). When compared to children, adolescents were less likely to undergo a VL test at six months (73% versus 88%, p=0.002) and more likely to have an unknown VL status (40% versus 22%, p=0.001). At six months of ART, viral suppression was low and losses in Conclusion: the cascade high.


In the aim of estimating regional-scale carbon budgets of Eucalyptus plantations, the G'Day ecosystem model was combined with remotely-sensed estimates of the daily fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR). (Resume d'auteur)


The authors examine the separability of several common families of compatibility modification (CM) inference techniques. CM fuzzy inference separates the evaluation of the antecedent of a rule from the generation of the output. The determination of the degree to which the input matches the antecedent is determined by a compatibility measure and an aggregation operator. The order in which these operations occurs changes the set of applicable rules. Separability conditions are introduced to define circumstances in which rule evaluation is independent of the input evaluation strategy. It is shown that compatibility modification inference using fuzzy partial matching and Minkowski dissimilarity satisfies several separability conditions.<<ETX>>


The damping mechanisms affecting the motion of a single domain wall were studied in a thin bistable magnetic wire. It was found that the overall damping is frequency and temperature dependent through the locally induced anisotropy via structural relaxation. This phenomenon can increase the overall damping by one order of magnitude and enables an effective tailoring of the domain wall dynamics according to required application.


A split band filtering scheme to reduce adjacent band interference in a communications network, such as a cellular mobile radio system, is disclosed. A repeater, interposed between a base or cell site and a mobile/portable radio, includes a down converter for converting a system operating frequency to a lower frequency signal. The lower frequency signal represents a communications band. The signal is presented to a split band filter having a narrow passband with steep skirts. The processed signal is coupled to an up converter where it is restored to the system operating frequency. In this way, the passband of the repeater is restricted to that of the desired communications band and adjacent band interference is reduced or eliminated.


Extensive and indiscriminate use of synthetic compounds and natural compounds obtained from plant sources have resulted into serious threats to not only the aquatic ecosystem but also to human health. Aqueous seed extract of the plant Croton tiglium L. is used in many traditional medicines to treat various ailments in many developing countries. The extract is also used for killing fishes for consumption in Manipur, India. However, the side effects and safety measures are not well studied and evaluated. The present study aims to investigate major phytochemical constituents, acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the aqueous extract. The phytochemical screening was carried out using chemical methods; acute toxicity test was performed using zebrafish as a model organism and genotoxicity potential was evaluated by in vitro plasmid DNA fragmentation analysis. Our results show that the exposure of aqueous extract of Croton tiglium cause increase plasmid DNA strand breakage in a dose dependent manner. The aqueous extract of Croton tiglium also showed pisicidal activity. So, the plant extract need to be evaluated for its long term human health hazards and safety thoroughly before it could be used for therapeutic medicinal interventions.


Body size is one of the most perceptible traits of organisms and is an important fitness proxy in evolutionary studies. Oceanic threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., 1758) have colonized and adapted to numerous freshwater habitats throughout the Holarctic since the most recent glacial retreat, giving us natural "replicates" of both convergent and divergent evolution. I observed considerable body-size variation among 22 threespine stickleback populations within a small region surrounding Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA. Larger bodied populations tended to have bimodal size-frequency distributions, whereas most smaller bodied populations had unimodal distributions. Bimodal distributions suggested the presence of at least two age classes within large-bodied populations. I used a Bayesian approach to infer mean size of presumed age-1 and age-2+ fish from bimodal size-frequency distributions; I found significant differences in size among populations within ages and sexes, suggesting significant divergence...


Purpose/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of mentees and mentors in a structured mentorship program. Design: A qualitative study using focus group methodology in a nonrandom purposive sample was used. Setting: The study was conducted at a level 1 university-affiliated hospital within a 9-bed cardiothoracic intensive care unit. Sample: Mentors were identified as Clinical Nurse III's within the institution's clinical ladder. Mentees were identified as Clinical Nurse I's who had no previous critical care nursing experience. To meet inclusion criteria, mentors and mentees had to be paired for at least 10 months before the study. All mentors participated in the study (n = 6) and all but 1 mentee participated (n = 5). Findings: Results of this study revealed the following shared perceptions from the mentees and mentors: (1) availability, (2) sense of community, and (3) support and knowledge. Conclusions: This study suggests that mentees and mentors undergo similar experiences and perceptions in a mentorship program despite different roles. Implications: Mentorship programs create a unique environment that facilitates the educational opportunities for both the novice and expert clinician.


Paintings have some sensibility information to human hearts. But, the sensibility information will be different to person to person. We like some paintings, while other persons like another ones. For appreciation of paintings, grouping of paintings with similar sensitivity will be helpful. In this paper, we developed a distance measure relation among paintings for similarity grouping. Four similarity relations (types) are developed by the distance measure for classification of paintings. Impression words and color words play an important role for the sensibility expression of paintings. To verify the combination of these words, a self-organizing map(SOM) by two layered neural network, was applied for the grouping of paintings. It was shown that the combination of the impression words and color ones make a well similar grouping of paintings. Grouping similar paintings in impression words and color ones will be useful for a recommendation system.


ABSTRACT In 1985, San Francisco adopted a wind comfort standard in its Downtown Area Plan in response to increasing concerns about the city's downtown public open spaces becoming excessively windy. After 30 years of implementation, this study revisits the standard and examines its effectiveness in promoting pedestrian comfort. Seven hundred one valid samples were collected from 6 months of field study, which combined surveying pedestrians and on-site collection of microclimate data. Statistical analysis and an assessment using the physiological equivalent temperature show that 11 mph (4.92 m/s), the comfort criterion in places for walking, performs as an effective determinant of outdoor comfort in San Francisco. This study sheds light on climate-resilience of cities, as they have become key urban challenges today.


This paper is the practice and discussion of the comprehensive course reform of Intelligent Manufacturing in Colleges and universities. Under the background of intelligent manufacturing development in our country, This paper first expounds the significance of offering comprehensive and specialized courses of Intelligent Manufacturing in local colleges and universities in serving local economy, then the author analyzes the general idea and conception of the reform of the intelligent manufacturing course in the university, then according to the author's attempt in the course of work and, share of intelligent manufacturing teaching practice exploration and achievements, finally, combining the practice of curriculum setting up, the author puts forward the comprehensive curriculum reform was carried out with the improvement of experience.


Airborne radar has evolved from early systems where almost all radar characteristics were fixed to todaypsilas highly flexible, software-driven systems. The most recent advance has been the widespread adoption of active electronically scanned array (AESA) antennas, which has given the system designer unprecedented control of antenna characteristics. However, in common with most conventional radars, even these systems only operate within a limited frequency band. This paper argues that the next major advance will be the advent of wideband and multi-band systems, thus addressing the major remaining constraint facing the system designer and offering the capability for a step change in the functionality and performance of future systems.


Abstract Objective To assess and compare the risk of unintended pregnancy in NOMAC-E2 users with levonorgestrel-containing COC (COCLNG) users in clinical practice. Study design In this observational study, new users 1 of NOMAC-E2 and COCLNG were recruited in Europe, Australia, and Latin America and followed for up to 2 years. Unintended pregnancy was expressed by the Pearl Index (contraceptive failures per 100 women-years [WY]), crude hazard ratios (HRcrude) and adjusted hazard ratios (HRadj). Results Overall, 44,559 and 46,754 users were recruited to the NOMAC-E2 and COCLNG user cohorts, respectively. There were 64 unintended pregnancies in NOMAC-E2 users (0.15 per 100 WY; 95% CI, 0.11–0.19) and 200 in COCLNG users (0.41 per 100 WY; 95% CI, 0.35–0.47). The unintended pregnancy risk was statistically significantly lower in the NOMAC-E2 cohort (p<.0001) compared to the COCLNG user cohort. The HRadj of NOMAC-E2 vs COCLNG was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.34–0.60; adjusted for age, body mass index, gravidity, COC user status, education level). Conclusions NOMAC-E2 demonstrated superior contraceptive effectiveness compared to COCLNG, likely due to the comparatively short hormone-free interval and possibly reinforced by the long half-life of NOMAC.


We present an evaluation update (or simply, update) algorithm for a full-featured functional programming language, which synthesizes program changes based on output changes. Intuitively, the update algorithm retraces the steps of the original evaluation, rewriting the program as needed to reconcile differences between the original and updated output values. Our approach, furthermore, allows expert users to define custom lenses that augment the update algorithm with more advanced or domain-specific program updates. To demonstrate the utility of evaluation update, we implement the algorithm in Sketch-n-Sketch, a novel direct manipulation programming system for generating HTML documents. In Sketch-n-Sketch, the user writes an ML-style functional program to generate HTML output. When the user directly manipulates the output using a graphical user interface, the update algorithm reconciles the changes. We evaluate bidirectional evaluation in Sketch-n-Sketch by authoring ten examples comprising approximately 1400 lines of code in total. These examples demonstrate how a variety of HTML documents and applications can be developed and edited interactively in Sketch-n-Sketch, mitigating the tedious edit-run-view cycle in traditional programming environments.


As China soon became the chief target of global antidumping actions after it started the reform and opening-up program,to dampen foreign antidumping against the country is among the motives behind China's adoption and application of its own antidumping regulations.In this paper,using negative binomial and Poisson models,the authors develop a quantitative analysis of the antidumping initiations of 20 countries or regions against China in the period of 1995-2008 and find that China's antidumping actions against imports and it's endeavor to challenge foreign anti dumping by resorting to WTO dispute settlement mechanism have not dampened foreign antidumping against China effectively.In order to improve China's position in the global antidumping game,China should(1) support the reform of WTO antidumping rules to reduce importing countries' misuse of antidumping;(2) target antidumping against heavy foreign users;and(3) improve the capacity to positively use WTO dispute settlement mechanism to handle antidumping disputes.


Thirty-four English-speaking Grade 2 children attending a bilingual English-Hebrew elementary school were administered a phonological task designed to tap sensitivity to a phonemic contrast (/ts/ vs. /s/) that occurs productively in Hebrew but is phonotactically constrained in English. The results showed that children experienced more difficulty discriminating the contrast in onsets than in rimes, which is consistent with predictions made from a language transfer hypothesis. Accuracy on this measure was related to word reading ability in both Hebrew and English. Errors made by choosing orthographic foils were more frequent than were errors made by choosing phonological foils. Evidence of linguistic interdependence was seen in the cross-linguistic relation of phonological tasks to word reading ability in both languages. There was no interaction of language transfer with reading ability. This pattern of results suggests that a general level of phonological ability is required for reading to develop but that phonological elements specific to the second-language present additional challenges to beginning readers.


AbstractNumerical simulations of cirrus formation in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) during boreal wintertime are used to evaluate the impact of heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN) abundance on cold cloud microphysical properties and occurrence frequencies. The cirrus model includes homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation, deposition growth/sublimation, and sedimentation. Reanalysis temperature and wind fields with high-frequency waves superimposed are used to force the simulations. The model results are constrained by comparison with in situ and satellite observations of TTL cirrus and relative humidity. Temperature variability driven by high-frequency waves has a dominant influence on TTL cirrus microphysical properties and occurrence frequencies, and inclusion of these waves is required to produce agreement between the simulated and observed abundance of TTL cirrus. With homogeneous freezing only and small-scale gravity waves included in the temperature curtains, the model produces excessive ice con...


Abstract : The castable explosive, HMX/dinitropropylacrylate, was improved by formulation modifications to obtain higher energy, better physical properties and stability, and greater efficiency in preparation. Use of volatile liquids in mixing operations, special casting techniques, and selection of optimum HMX particle size blends resulted in solids loadings of 87 percent and higher with corresponding detonation velocities exceeding 8600 meters per second. Optimization of monomer inhibitor concentration made it possible to eliminate pre-processing DNPA purification, yet at the same time obtain adequate storage stability. Use of a new curative, cobalt acetyl acetonate, greatly facilitated curing by reducing time and temperature and eliminating the necessity for oxygen exclusion. Resulting castings were harder, more uniform, and more stable, with 150 C VTS values as low as 2.4 cc/g/48 hours. Two new copolymers of DNPA were prepared and evaluated as energetic binders, one with difluoraminopropylacrylate, the other with dodecafluoroheptylacrylate. Detonation velocities, as predicted by computation, were comparable to those for DNPA homopolymer at equivalent HMX loadings.