Since the pioneering work by Novoselov and Geim in 2004 [1], graphene has attracted skyrocketing attention as a new electronic material. Behind this enthusiasm are the fundamental limitations that silicon is facing, which impede further scaling of Si devices down into sub-10 nm regions. In this respect, the expectation for graphene is two-fold: medium term and long term. As for the former, the expectation as a new channel material in field-effect transistors (FET) is at its center (More Moore strategy). As for the latter, graphene's novel quantum properties are expected to bring about new paradigm of information processing (Beyond CMOS strategy). The fact that many quantum phenomena, such as quantized Hall effect [2] and spin-polization of the current [3], can be observed at room temperatures in graphene, which is not usual in other materials, fuels the trend.


This paper presents the Cartesian motion control system of the autonomous mobile robot MACROBE (mobile and autonomous computer controlled robot experiment) of the Laboratory for Automatic Control Engineering, Technical University of Munich. This Cartesian motion control system is applicable to any vehicle with tricycle kinematic. It has a comfortable and open user interface and provides high path accuracy. The robot's 2D motion path is specified by a sequence of Cartesian subgoals. In a first step, the local path planning interpolates the subgoals by a combination of line and arc segments. In a subsequent step, a path with continuous curvature is obtained through approximation of the arc segments by polar splines. Polar splines allow easy calculation of the required steering angle based on the actual vehicle posture (position and orientation) through a combination of feedforward and feedback control. The paper describes system structure, command language, controller design, and experimental results.


Creativity is the core of digital knowledge-based economic growth and competitiveness. Given the fact that public service is a major contributor to the country's governance system, creativity among civil servants should be enhanced. Effective leadership in public services is necessary to nurture the creativity of high-quality public services. This study aims to examine the effects of transformational leadership on civil servant's creativity.,This study was conducted in six selected public service agencies. A total of 214 questionnaires were distributed to civil servant offices, only 82.2 percent (176 questionnaires) were returned. Data were tested using SMART PLS to determine whether the four transformational leadership dimensions, namely, intellectual stimulation, idealized influence, individual consideration, and inspirational motivation, exhibit a significant effect on creativity of civil servant officers.,Findings showed positive effects of the four transformational leadership dimensions on the civil servant's creativity.,With small sample size, this study can still be expanded to all available public services sector in urban and rural area to gain a wider perspective.,This study presents strong managerial implications that can be used by public service to evaluate the consequence of transformational leadership on the creativity of employees, particularly the young civil servants. Through transformational leadership style, public service leaders can foster and improve young civil servants' creativity and share knowledge to achieve high performance.,With genuine verified measurement of transformative leadership and public sector creativity, the path correlation analysis shows that intellectual stimulation, idealized influence, individual consideration, and inspirational motivation have significant direct effects on creativity of the civil servant.


The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of perfluorotricyclo[5,2,1,02,6]deca-3,8-diene, the thermal dimer of hexafluorocyclopentadiene, and of the dimer of 2,3,3,4,5-pentafluorocyclopentadiene show large couplings assigned to spatially close fluorine atoms separated by four and five saturated bonds. Both dimers are believed to have the endo configuration.


Service-oriented approach has changed the pattern of providing products and services in business area. Through supply chain on the online platform, many business entities (consumers and providers) can now make business transactions in a more extensive and convenient way. As huge business entities and their complex correlations exist and evolve continuously, this system is regarded as Business Service Ecosystem (BSE). It is critical to discern BSE's topology structure and evolution rule, to support its management. In this paper, first, business correlation model and key features of BSE are investigated; then, a Complex Network-oriented Analysis Framework (CNOAF) is proposed, which aims to solve the above problem, and a Time-based Correlation Bipartite Graph is established as the core model to deal with correlation; finally, an empirical study of marine logistic service indicates the effectiveness of CNOAF, and several valuable insights are obtained for its development.


Over the past two or three years, Texas A &: M University has been operating facilities offshore of Panama City, Florida, to observe and collect environmental oceanographic data in the Gulf of Mexico. Waves are measured using Hytech resistance type wave staffs. The data is recorded more or less continuously in digital form on magnetic tape. The recording stations are located approximately 150 yards, 1. 7 nautical miles and 11 nautical miles offshore in water depths of about 8, 60 and 100 feet, respectively. NESCO, in the course of a current research project on the modification of wave spectra on the continental shelf, has been utilizing this wave data system. A series of computer programs has been developed to analyze the wave data. Results of probability densities and spectral analyses of simultaneous station data obtained during Hurricane Dora are presented. Comparison of directly measured statistics and spectral statistics are made.


Introduction Instability after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) represents, in excess of, 7% of reasons for implant failure. This mode of failure is correlated with soft-tissue imbalance, and has continued to be problematic despite advances in implant technology. Thus, understanding the options available to execute safe and effective soft-tissue release is critical to mitigating future complications due to instability. This study aimed to use intraoperative sensors to evaluate a multiple needle puncturing technique (MNPT), in comparison with traditional transection-based release, to determine its biomechanical and clinical efficacy. Methods Seventy-five consecutive, cruciate-retaining TKAs were performed, as part of an 8-site multicenter study. All procedures were performed with the use of an intraoperative sensor to ensure quantitative balance, as per previously reported literature. Of the 75-patient cohort, 50 patients were balanced with the MNPT; 20 patients were balanced with traditional transection. All patients were followed out to 1-year, and administered KSS, WOMAC, and satisfaction. Alignment and ROM was captured for all patients, pre-operatively and at the 1-year follow-up interval. Results All patient joints could be released to a balanced joint state, regardless of technique used. There was no significant difference between the two groups (MNPT vs. transection), pre-operatively, with respect to range of motion or alignment (114° MNPT; 114° transection). At 1-year, post-operatively, there was no significant difference in WOMAC score, KSS scores, satisfaction, or ROM (Respectively: 13.1 MNPT vs. 14.6 transection; 174.9 MNPT vs.176.5 transection; 31.7 "Very Satisfied" MNPT vs. 32.2 "Very Satisfied" transection; 124° MNPT vs. 125° transection). No adverse outcomes related to balancing technique have been reported. Discussion Instability contributes to the current 2.7 billion dollar TKA revision burden in the United States. Understanding the efficacy of different techniques in soft-tissue balancing may help to mitigate unfavorable complications. In this study, it was found that the MNPT is just as safe and effective at achieving soft-tissue balance as transectional release techniques, and showed no deviation from the achievement of optimal post-operative outcomes at 1-year. This technique, when used with intraoperative sensors to quantify joint balance, may thereby offer a more controlled way to release soft-tissue, incrementally, to achieve precise balance.


Cultural conceptualization refers to the conceptual knowledge units such as schema,categorization and conceptual metaphors which are formed in the communication of cultural members.With English as an international language,more and more heterogeneous cultures are infusing into English world.Under such situation,communicators of English should minimize the assumption of homogenization of English cultures.And consequently,the concepts such as English language proficiency,English native speakers and English teaching methodology are changing with it.


Editor,—Urbach–Wiethe syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with hyaline-like deposits in the skin and pharyngolaryngeal mucous membranes causing dysphonia and hoarseness.1 2 Ocular manifestations include deposits along the free edges of the eyelids (moniliform blepharosis), conjunctiva, cornea, trabeculum, and Bruch's membrane.3 4 We used carbon dioxide laser as a new surgical method to alleviate the papular lesion from the eyelids.

### CASE REPORT

A 21-year-old Bedouin woman was referred to our centre for ophthalmic examination. Although a negative family history of Urbach–Wiethe syndrome was known, the patient and her brother suffered from this disorder.

The patient complained of yellowish papular lesions that occupied the entire lid margin of the upper two lids. She suffered from hoarseness caused by papules situated on the vocal cord and hyperkeratotic …


This paper addresses the issue of the legal status of non-human animals and the possibility of changing it from the status of things or property, to the status of non-things, or better, sentient beings. Key arguments for the change of their status are discussed, including the argument from marginal cases, and the scientific evidence indicating that many animals are sentient beings. Two ways of initiating such changes seem most promising: legislation, i.e. the modification of civil codes, and litigation, i.e. filing lawsuits on behalf of individual animals. It is argued that legislative changes are necessary for moving animals out of the legal category of things and into the category of sentient beings that can bear rights. On the other hand, litigation could bring about a more radical change of the legal status of some animals.


Global precoding is an effective way to suppress interference in cell-free massive MIMO systems. However, it requires all access points (APs) to upload their local instantaneous channel state information (CSI) to a central processor via capacity-constrained fronthaul links, consuming significant bandwidth resources. Such overhead may become unaffordable in an ultra-dense network (UDN) in future 5G systems, due to the large number of APs and the frequent CSI uploads required to combat the fast-changing state of the high-frequency channels. In order to address this issue, we propose a novel bandwidth-efficient global zero-forcing precoding strategy for downlink transmission in cell-free massive MIMO systems. By exploiting the physical structure of Rician fading channels, we propose a novel model-based CSI compression mechanism, which decomposes a channel matrix into a line-of-sight (LoS) and a non-line-of-sight (NLoS) components, and then compresses them using a model-based method and a singular-value-decomposition (SVD)-based method, respectively. We also present two optimization-based algorithms to obtain the phase information of the LoS component of the channel, which is then used by the proposed channel matrix decomposition. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed precoding strategy on reducing the upload overhead and improving the bandwidth efficiency.


Natural enemy-Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenee) system was studied based on the principle and method of system sciences to seek possible ways or strategies for pest population control.Conceptual model describing interrelated or interacting activities among different generations of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenee) and their natural enemy was established and further quantified with differential equations or function formulas.Dynamics of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenee) and natural enemy population density were simulated and analyzed respectively using STELLA.The results indicated that trends of both Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenee) and natural enemy population in six pest-control scenarios were different in their peak values and occurrence time,etc.A considerable quantity of natural enemy was essential to the effective control of occurrence and development of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenee).Supplement of a number of natural enemy to rice cropping field at the early period of insect pest occurrence were recommended for enhancement the control on Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenee) during the late growth period of paddy rice.


Nano-TiO2 thin films were deposited on quartz glass(quartz) and glass substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering.The phase structure,surface topography,optical properties,and photo-induced hydrophilicity of the films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer,atomic force microscope,ultraviolet-visible spectrometer,and water contact angle apparatus.It is observed that the films display transformation from poor hydrophilicity to better hydrophilicity on exposure to irradiation of high pressure mercury lamp.The photo-induced hydrophilicity of the films is related to substrate,and the photo-induced hydrophilicity of the films on glass is superior to that on quartz glass.In particular,after 240 min irradiation of high pressure mercury lamp,the films deposited on glass substrate exhibit an unexpected super-hydrophilicity.The effects of energy gap,Ti3+ defect sites,and substrate on the photo-induced hydrophilicity of the films is discussed.


The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has catalyzed long-needed changes in accessibility and flexibility for work tasks. Disabled and chronically ill people have often experienced unprecedented inclusion during this time. As someone who is both disabled and chronically ill, I have experienced this firsthand. My work as a medical educator, public health program evaluator, and community advocate has been more accessible in recent months than at any prior time. As the pandemic escalated in early 2020, people readily embraced a "new normal" that would allow them to sustain their own livelihoods while staying as safe as possible. Yet even as Covid-19 cases increase sharply both locally and nationally with the spread of the Delta virus variant, many abled people from both my institution and others increasingly demand a return to pre-pandemic practices. The "normal" state for which abled individuals ardently long violates the basic human rights of disabled and chronically ill people. This desire for "normalcy" is fueled by false notions of the pandemic being over. It remains preferred by many for the sake of their own comfort—even though sustaining the inclusive approaches to collaboration introduced during the pandemic often requires little effort and offers advantages for abled people as well. This experiential piece describes ableist implications of seeking "post-pandemic" work environments—and how these constitute "generic processes" in the reproduction of ableism—using both oral history from the author and emerging literature from fellow scholars. In response, it recommends inclusive strategies for anti-ableist work collaboration that achieve justice in accessibility while fostering a welcome sense of normalcy for all.


Simple Summary To screen and identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with geese meat quality traits, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of male Sichuan white geese (a Chinese local breed) at 70 days old to screen the SNPs in the goose genome. Additionally, genotypes of the selected SNPs associated with goose meat were detected using the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOP MS) method. The results revealed 43 SNPs that showed potentially significant associations with these traits. Additionally, we detected 28 annotated genes as potential candidate genes for the five meat quality traits. The enrichment analysis of genes within a 1Mb vicinity of SNPs showed potentially significant enrichment in the protein digestion and absorption pathway, as well as the Glycolipid metabolism pathway. The findings of this study offer novel genetic markers and candidate genes that can be used for marker-assisted selection of geese, laying the groundwork for understanding the genetic basis of goose meat quality traits and establishing a foundation for comprehending their genetic basis. Abstract (1) Background: Goose meat is highly valued for its economic significance and vast market potential due to its desirable qualities, including a rich nutritional profile, tender texture, relatively low-fat content, and high levels of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids. However, there is an urgent need to improve goose breeding by identifying molecular markers associated with meat quality. (2) Methods: We evaluated meat quality traits, such as meat color, shear force (SF), cooking loss rate (CLR), and crude fat content (CFC), in a population of 215 male Sichuan white geese at 70 days of age. A GWAS was performed to identify potential molecular markers associated with goose meat quality. Furthermore, the selected SNPs linked to meat quality traits were genotyped using the MALDI-TOP MS method. (3) Results: A dataset of 2601.19 Gb of WGS data was obtained from 215 individuals, with an average sequencing depth of 10.89×. The GWAS revealed the identification of 43 potentially significant SNP markers associated with meat quality traits in the Sichuan white goose population. Additionally, 28 genes were identified as important candidate genes for meat quality. The gene enrichment analysis indicated a substantial enrichment of genes within a 1Mb vicinity of SNPs in both the protein digestion and absorption pathway and the Glycerolipid metabolism pathway. (4) Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying goose meat quality traits, offering crucial references for molecular breeding in this field.


The rapid development of edge computing has an impact on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). However, the high-speed mobility of vehicles makes the task offloading delay unstable and unreliable. Hence, this paper studies the task offloading problem to provide stable computing, communication and storage services for user vehicles in vehicle networks. The offloading problem is formulated to minimize cost consumption under the maximum delay constraint by jointly considering the positions, speeds and computation resources of vehicles. Due to the complexity of the problem, we propose the vehicle deep Q-network (V-DQN) algorithm. In V-DQN algorithm, we firstly propose a vehicle adaptive feedback (VAF) algorithm to obtain the priority setting of processing tasks for service vehicles. Then, the V-DQN algorithm is implemented based on the result of VAF to realize task offloading strategy. Specially, the interruption problem caused by the movement of the vehicle is formulated as a return function as part of evaluating the task offloading strategy. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme significantly reduces cost consumption and improves Quality of Service (QoS).


for brain tumour resection in adults. METHOD: We prospectively collected data on patient demographics, tumour location and histology, extent of resection and early post-operative outcome in 9 consecutive patients. Brainlab neuronavigation (BrainLab, Germany) and the BK5000 cranial ultrasound probe (BK Medical, Denmark) were used in all cases. We also collected data on surgical intent and the use of surgical adjuncts including neurophysiology monitoring, DTI and 5ALA. RESULTS: NiUS was used in 9 patients (6 male, 3 female). iUS scans were successfully co-registered in all cases. Histological diagnoses were GBM (7 patients), melanoma (1 patient) and oligodendroglioma (1 patient). NiUS was used in conjunction with the fol-lowing techniques and adjuncts – awake craniotomy (2), DTI (all cases), neurophysiology monitoring (4 cases) and 5ALA (7 cases). Gross total resection was achieved in 8 patients. The mean operative time was 4 hours and 7 minutes, which is significantly lower than that reported in a recently published series involving intra-operative MRI. No patients suffered any de- terioration in neurological status in the early post-operative period. CON-CLUSION: NiUS was rapidly assimilated into our surgical workflow with successful co-registration in all cases. NiUS was used successfully in conjunction with awake craniotomy, neurophysiology monitoring, DTI and 5ALA for both enhancing and non-enhancing tumours. Based on our early experi-ence we offer learning points on patient positioning, set up of equipment and interpretation of iUS. Further studies are required to determine the impact of NiUS on patient outcome. in combination with standard therapy, prolongs survival in patients with Glioblastoma (GBM). The aim of the current study was to assess the feasibility of integrating TTF into a standard UK neuro-oncology service with a focus on patient tolerability, compliance, and treatment delivery. METHOD: A prospective study was performed of UK patients with IDH 1 Wild Type, MGMT Unmethylated GBM treated with TTF, in conjunction with conventional therapy. Patient compliance data, device-specific tolerability questions, and an evaluation of disease progression and survival were collected. Monthly quality of life (QoL) questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30 with BN-20) examined the trend of global health, psychosocial function and symptom progression. RESULTS: Nine patients were enrolled with a median age of 47 (7 males; 2 females). Overall, compliance with TTF was 89% (range 16% - 97%). Only one patient failed to comply with treatment. Patients tolerated the device with minimal side effects. Eight patients described mild to mod- erate skin irritation, whilst all patients were keen to recommend the device to other patients (100%). Most patients found the weight and size of the device to be its biggest drawback (72%). Progression-free survival was 5.5 months and median overall survival 14.9 months. CONCLU- SION: TTF was well tolerated amongst a small cohort of UK patients, who were able to comply with treatment without any significant compli- cation. QoL questionnaires showed no sustained deterioration in global health, physical and emotional function until the final months of life, when disease burden was greatest. aimed at improving the knowledge of, and for, glioma. The study will de- velop a backbone infrastructure for a molecular diagnostic pathway, particularly epigenetic classification and whole genome sequencing (WGS), and a data-repository of disease imaging, including real-time centralised Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) review, treatment and outcome data. Developed with the involvement of patients and relatives, patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), particularly quality of life assessment will be collected for patients. We present the feasibility data collected from the initial ten UK centres selected to participate in the TJBM study. This presents an opportunity to understand current local neuro-oncology practice, identify differences between services and chances to op- timise these, bearing in mind the heterogeneity in our patient populations, staff and hospital facilities. METHOD: Ten UK centres were selected to participate in the TJBM platform study, and each centre completed a multi-disciplinary feasibility questionnaire to facilitate participation and collaboration across the centres. Data were collected from hospital elec-tronic MDT (Multi-Disciplinary Team) records, clinic letters, operative and imaging notes, MDT or personal experience. Continuous variables were reported using medians and ranges due to the non-normality of the data and categorical variables were reported as numbers and percentages. Tables and bar charts were generated to display relevant data. Analysis and plots were generated using Microsoft Excel sheets and SPSS (IBM) version 26. RESULTS: glioma CONCLUSION: Through systematic real-world data collection the TJBM platform provide a detailed understanding of practice within the UK, linked to molecular tumour genotype, treatment response outcome measures, and also regular quality of life assessments. Use of the platform infrastructure, will facilitate trials and add-on observational and biological studies to obtain rapid, ef-ficient, and cost-effective data collection, and integrate findings with com- prehensive molecular biological profiling and radiological features, thereby reducing the time and administrative burdens in trial delivery. This infra- structure will help establish a trial-competent network on which future research and collaborations can be based. Academic and industry partners will be able to use the TJBM platform through collaboration, overseen by a strong governance framework. This will maximise the opportunities and abilities to translate advances into trials and patient benefit.


Composite materials like carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) present highly appealing material properties, as they can combine high strength with low weight. In aerospace applications, these p ...


The solid‐helium phase shift technique has been applied for measurement of pressure derivatives of de Haas‐van Alphen frequencies in ferromagnetic hcp cobalt. Our values for the β oscillations for the magnetic field H ∥ [0001] and the e oscillations for H ∥ [1010] are (−1.9±0.2)×10−3 kbar−1 and (0.4±0.2)×10−3 kbar−1, respectively. These results, combined with the value for the α oscillations (H ∥ [0001]), (−1.4±0.3)×10−3 kbar−1, have been used to examine models of the band structure of cobalt. An important contribution to these shifts with pressure is the transfer of electrons from majority‐spin to minority‐spin bands corresponding to the decrease in magnetic moment per atom of cobalt with pressure.


The effect of intersubsystem coupling on the adiabaticity of composite systems and that of its subsystems is investigated. Similar to the adiabatic evolution defined for pure states, nontransitional evolution for mixed states is introduced; conditions for the nontransitional evolution are derived and discussed. An example that describes two coupled qubits is presented to detail the general presentation. The effects due to nonadiabatic evolution on the geometric phase are also presented and discussed.


Micro-dimple array structure is a widely accepted approach for friction reduction between mechanical components. At present, there are many methods to form micro-dimple arrays on metal surface, but how to form high-quality and low-cost micro-dimple arrays is still a challenge. Ultrasonic assisted electrochemical micromachining (UAEMM) is considered to be a promising machining technology due to its advantages of high machining efficiency, high machining accuracy and no limitation of mechanical properties of work-piece materials. In this paper, the UAEMM technology is used to process the microdimple array structure on the metal surface. The experimental results show that the voltage is helpful to improve the machining depth, but too much voltage will also reduce the machining accuracy, and the optimal choice of voltage parameter is 2-3V voltage. Compared with DC power, pulse power used in UAEMM process can achieve better machining performance. The machining accuracy and surface quality can be further improved by modulating the synchronous relationship between ultrasonic and pulse. Finally, a better micro pit array structure was prepared according to the optimized process parameters, and its friction performance was tested. The results show that under the same conditions, the surface wear of micro-dimple array surface is less than one third of that of the plane surface.


A prospective study of 215 children with febrile seizures was conducted at Lwiro hospital in Eastern of DRC, from 1 January to 31 December 2013.The proportion of febrile seizures among all admitted patient was 6%. The peak age of these patients was 12-17 months. There was a family history of febrile seizure in 32.7%. The sex ratio was 0.9.The mean temperature on admission was 38.8


This chapter illustrates how Latin American popular front feminists seized leadership of the Inter-American Commission of Women at the 1938 Eighth International Conference of American States in Lima and continued to expand the movement. Drawing on the groundwork paved by Ofelia Dom쭧uez Navarro, Clara Gonzoz, Paulina Luisi, Bertha Lutz, and Marta Vergara, who continued organizing in these years, the Unión de Mujeres Americanas, the Confederación Continental de Mujeres por la Paz, and a new force of Mexican poplar front feminists united. They promoted women's social and economic rights, anti-fascism, anti-racism, and anti-imperialism as interconnected struggles. A leader in this network, the communist feminist Esperanza Balmaceda, who was appointed to the Mexican delegation to the Lima conference, collaborated there with Latin American feminists, the U.S. State Department, and U.S. female reformers in the Roosevelt administration to remove Stevens as chair of the Commission. At the same time, they mobilized a broader defense of what the Lima conference called "derechos humanos." There and at the Congreso de Democracias in Montevideo, Uruguay, co-organized by Paulina Luisi, feminists asserted the need for a grassroots movement, for women's rights treaties, and for broad commitments to human rights in the Americas.


Vocabulary IQs of British and Russian children are compared to samples of British children aged two to ten years. It is estimated that the Russian sample had a British IQ of 97.6.


Male breast cancer is far rarer in men than in women and it occurs in 0,1 % of all male cancers, or in between 0,6 and one percent of all breast cancers. Discovery of the male breast cancer happens in the late stage of the disease, and the incidence of the breast cancer shows correlation with the positive estrogen and progestogen hormonal receptors.
 The main goal of this paper is the analysis of the male breast cancer in correlation with the type of the receptor and treatment prognosis of all patients hospitalized on the Surgery Clinic, Department for general Surgery of Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka.
 Research results proved that in later stages of the disease, with tumors that are hormone dependent, there is strong role of the antiestrogen therapy and that male breast cancer is hormone dependent disease. Research results showed that early discovery and timely treatment are crucial for successful male breast cancer treatment. 28 % of the subjects are in Stage 1 of the disease, and most of the subjects are in Stages 3 or 4 of the disease development. State of the axillae, as the results show, were positive in half of the subjects, and negative on the other half.
 These results prove that male breast cancer is diagnosed much later than the female breast cancer and it is connected to the hormonal receptors.
 Healing prognosis is bad, due to the late stage of detection, but for more conclusive results, more extensive research should be done on the more relevant sample.


The usage of Al-SiC Metal Matrix Composites is constantly increasing in the last years due to their unique properties such as light weight, high strength, high specific modulus, high fatigue strength, high hardness and low density. Al-SiC composites of various carbide compositions were produced using a centrifugal casting machine. The mechanical properties, tensile and compression strength, hardness and drop-weight impact strength were studied in order to determine the optimum carbide % in the metal matrix composites. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the microstructure-property correlation. It was observed that the tensile and the compressive strength of the composites increased as the proportion of silicon carbide became higher in the composites. Also with increasing proportion of silicon carbide in the composite, the material became harder and appeared to have smaller values for total displacement and total energy during impact testing.


Cafe society is something that many of us as customers and/or social theorists take for granted. Cafes are places where we are not simply served hot beverages but are also in some way partaking of a specific form of public life. It is this latter aspect that has attracted the attention of social theorists, especially Jurgen Habermas, and leads them to locate the cafe as a key place in the development of modernity. Our approach to cafes is to 'turn the tables' on theories of the public sphere and return to just what the life of a particular cafe consists of, and in so doing re-specify a selection of topics related to public spaces. The particular topics we deal with in a 'worldly manner' are the socio-material organisation of space, informality and rule following. In as much as we are able we have drawn on an ethnomethodological way of doing and analysing our ethnographic studies.


The patient, a 42-year-old accountant, was suddenly aware of a severe pressure in his midchest. On arrival at the hospital, the pain seemed even more intense, and the ECG confirmed a large, anterior myocardial infarction. In the laboratory, the anterior descending artery was occluded for a few minutes—then open—then the pain was gone! Technical problems of a torn artery were repaired without further pain with the help of a metal supporting stent. Four days later, the patient's question as he walked out of the hospital was, "When can I return to work?"

This is the way it is, but it's not the way it was. How did we arrive at this happy ending that is so common today?

Some say that coronary interventions were inevitable and were the natural progression of our expanding knowledge of vascular disease, but it did not happen that way. The development of angioplasty in all its forms (balloons, stents, ablative devices, and other devices) had a single catalyst, but there were many who added reagents to keep the reaction going. Andreas Gruentzig made interventional cardiology possible, and his is a most interesting story.

Gruentzig would not have developed angioplasty were it not for the pioneers who went before him. Although Forssmann was called one of the least intellectual to win the Nobel prize, his persistence in the face of adversity was a characteristic shared by Gruentzig. Forssmann's landmark placement of catheters in his own heart1 achieved very little practical use until World War II, when Cournand and others2 3 developed catheter techniques to measure cardiac output during shock states and to deliver drugs centrally. Diagnostic catheterization followed in the late 1940s and 1950s, paving the way for Sones, a trained pediatrician, to appreciate the potential for diagnostic coronary arteriography after a catheterization laboratory …


The frequently wildfire-prone Dadu Terrace is located on the outskirts of a densely populated city. According to the Taichung Fire Department’s 2013-2017 statistics, there are more than 400 wildfires a year. In particular, hundreds of wildfires occur each month during the dry season, and the mobilization of firefighters will increase the burden of social resources. Wildfire damage and smoke can also endanger protected objects nearby. Combined with the characteristics of agricultural farming, the seasonal variation of NDVI extracted from the satellite images can reflect the land cover category. Wildfires in the Dadu Terrace often accidentally caused by human interference, vegetation change over a short time can be as the factor of artificial interference for analyzing the time-based wildfire frequency. Results show that March to April is the peak period of wildfire occurrence, which consistent with the historic records of wildfire reporting. In addition to the temporal distribution of wildfire occurrence, this study also established a model for estimating the spatial distribution of wildfire risk at the mostly occurring period using the concepts of risk analysis. The model can effectively reflect the distribution of hotspots where wildfires occur, and can be the reference for the relevant authorities on the countermeasures of wildfire disaster prevention and control.

Keywords: Wildfire, Environmental indicators, Risk assessment


The most efficient room-temperature GaAs injection lasers have been made by use of the close-confinement (heterostructure) technique. Differential external quantum efficiency in excess of 50 percent was observed on lasers having threshold current densities as low as 8500 A/cm2.


A mobile station apparatus for radio communication comprising: a selecting section arranged to select a sequence of code sequence code base associated with control information to communicate and a plurality of code sequences derived from the sequence associated base code, or a plurality of code sequences derived from the base code sequence associated with control information to communicate; and a transmission section arranged to transmit the selected code sequence into a random access channel; wherein the selecting section is arranged to provide a plurality of pieces of control information in association with respective numbers of code sequences based or respective numbers of code sequences derived from the sequences of code base, wherein the selection section is arranged to select one of the code sequences with reference to the association based on the control information to communicate, and in which control information of a higher rate of occurrence is provided in association with more sequences codebase or more sequences derived code.


Legal protection of customer funds deposited at Village Credit Institutions (LPD). This paper discusses the efforts that are being made by customers to get a refund is deposited at Village Credit Institutions (LPD). In writing this type of scientific journal research is normative research. Village Credit Institutions (LPD) has shown rapid development, Given Regulation Number 8 of 2002 does not clearly regulate the legal protection against customer funds deposited at the LPD, then in case of bankruptcy of LPD due to financial difficulties, very small probability be money (funds) can be accounted for by going back unless Pakraman as owner LPD. At LPD no deposit insurance agency (LPS) as well as banking. Efforts should be made by the customer to get a refund is deposited on the LPD and mediation efforts in court.


This study investigated the effect of dietary astaxanthin supplementation on egg quality and juvenile growth of long snout seahorse (Hippocampus guttulatus). Captive breed seahorse broodstock were fed four diets composed of frozen shrimp [Atlantic ditch shrimp, Palaemonetes varians) used as a vector to deliver artificial diets with increasing levels of astaxanthin (0, 75, 100 and 125 mg kg−1 dry weight)]. The results indicated that the astaxanthin uptake into eggs from the enriched shrimp diets was highly efficient. Females fed unsupplemented astaxanthin diet produced similar-sized eggs with lower concentration of astaxanthin than females fed diets with astaxanthin. The lower concentration of astaxanthin in the eggs was correlated with the production of smaller juveniles in comparison with the juveniles hatched from parents fed supplemented astaxanthin diets. Juvenile growth and survival was limited by their size on release from the male's pouch as at the end of 28-day postparturition juveniles produced with the diet with no astaxanthin were still significantly smaller (P < 0.05) than those produced from parents fed astaxanthin-supplemented diets. These results demonstrate a significant benefit of dietary astaxanthin supplementation in long snout seahorse diets in terms of improved egg quality and juvenile growth and survival.


Precisely, this is what Professor P N Kaula a Kashmiri Pandit dreamt, realized and did before leaving for heavenly abode. A man with a roaring voice who could influence everyone with his charismatic discourses and in depth knowledge on any conceivable topic. A stalwart whose persona was larger than life, indeed a living legend and example for many not only in the profession but outside of it too.


This article explores the issue of sustainability and the role of the designer in creating change in the fashion industry.


Stock market is one of the economic driving on a country. It is because the stock market is capital facilities and accumulation of long term funds that directed for increasing community participation in moving the funds in order to support financing the national economy. Almost all industry in the country were represented by stock market. Therefore the fluctuation of stock price that recorded is reflected through an index movement that better known as Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG). Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) are affected by some factors, such as internal factor and external factor. Factor that came from overseas is like foreign exchange index, crude oil prices, and sentiment overseas market. Factor that came from domestic is usually came from foreign exchange rate. Through this study, we will see the factors influence, both of internal and external against Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) especially occur in Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI)


Summary form only given. Before a major feature release is made available to customers, it is important to be able to anticipate if the release will be of lesser quality than its predecessor release. Our research group has developed models that use development and test times, resource levels, code added, and bugs found and fixed (or not fixed) to predict whether or not a new feature release will achieve a key quality goal - to be of better quality than its predecessor release. If the release quality prediction models, developed early in the development branches integration phase, indicate a likely upcoming quality problem in the field, another set of predictive models ('playbook' models) are then developed and used by our team to identify development or test practices that are in need of improvement. These playbook models are key components of what we call 'quality playbooks,' that are designed to address several objectives: . Identify 'levers' that positively influence feature release quality. Levers are in-process engineering metrics that are associated with specific development or test processes/practices and measure their adoption and effectiveness. . If possible, identify levers that can be invoked early in the lifecycle, to enable the development and test teams to improve deficient practices and remediate the current release under development. If it is not possible to identify early levers but possible to identify levers later in the lifecycle, we can only change deficient practices to improve the quality of future successor releases. . Determine the potential quality impact of changes suggested by the profile of significant levers. Low impact levers are likely not to be addressed by development teams. . Determine the resource and schedule investments needed to change and implement practices: Training, disruption, additional engineering time, etc. . Using impact and investment calculations identify which practices to change, either for the current release or just for subsequent releases. Develop a prioritization/ROI scheme to provide planning guidance to development and test teams. . Identify specific practice changes needed, or new practices to adopt. . Design and plan pilot programs to test the models, including the impact and investment components. Using this 'playbook' approach, our team has developed models for 31 major feature releases that are resident on 11 different hardware platforms. These models have identified six narrowly-defined classes of metrics that include both actionable levers and 'indicator' metrics that correlate well with release quality. (Indicator metrics do also correlate well, but are less specifically actionable.) The models for these six classes of metrics (and their associated practices) include strong levers and strong indicators for all releases and platforms thus far examined. Impact and investment results are also described in this paper, as are pilot programs that have tested the validity of the modeling and business calculation results. Two additional large-scale pilots of the 'playbook' approach are underway, and these are also described.


Ovarian cancer will be diagnosed in an estimated 26 700 women in the United States in 19% and approximately 14 800 women will die of the disease (7). Of the 26 700 new cases, roughly 6000 will be diagnosed while cancer is confined to the ovaries and 4000 will be confined to the pelvis. Thus, more than 16 000 women will have advanced stage disease (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics in and IV) at the time of diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate for patients with ovarian cancer confined to the ovaries is reported to be 91 % by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results' Program of the National Cancer Institute (7). In contrast, the survival rate is only 23% for patients with stage III or IV disease. Overall 5-year survival rates for patients with ovarian cancer has improved from 32% in the early 1960s to 42% in the late 1980s (2). Most of this improvement can be attributed to improvements in surgery and chemotherapy. There has been little change in the rate of early diagnosis. While it is quite likely that continued improvements in chemotherapy and more accessibility to proper surgical treatment will be able to improve survival slightly over the next few decades, significant improvement in survival rates for women with epithelial ovarian cancer will depend on improved understanding of the biology of these cancers so that methods of early detection and prevention can be developed. The analysis of the microscopic characteristics of the ovaries of women from familial and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer families reported in this issue of the Journal by Salazar et ai. (J) is a valuable contribution to our knowledge about the biology of ovarian tissue in women at increased risk of developing ovarian cancer. These authors have studied the histologic features of ovarian tissue removed from women undergoing prophylactic oophorectomy because of familial or hereditary ovarian cancer and have compared these histologic features to ovarian tissue from 20 women undergoing oophorectomy for a variety of benign gynecologic disorders. Although evaluation of the study cases reveals that only nine of the 20 patients are known to be BRCA positive, the family histories indicate that most of the patients are at significant risk of belonging to a hereditary breast-ovary cancer family, and a large percentage of the remaining 10 patients are probably BRCA1 positive on the basis of their family history. In a similar fashion, the control population is not a pure low-risk population, since neither extensive family histories nor BRCA1 testing was available for the control subjects. Despite the above deficiencies, the populations chosen are reasonably likely to represent cancer-prone versus non-cancerprone individuals. The authors found two occult epithelial ovarian cancers that are 500 times the expected incidence for women in that age group, since, based on epidemiologic data, the incidence of ovarian cancer in women aged 35-44 years is 10 per 100 000 (4). In addition, they found a statistically significant increase in incidence of papillomatosis, inclusion cysts, epithelial invagination, epithelial pseudostratification, and increased stromal activity. All of these characteristics have been postulated by various investigators to be potentially premalignant histologic features (5). The investigators could not, however, identify a transition from any of the above features to either low malignant potential or invasive epithelial cancer of the ovary. The identification of a premalignant ovarian abnormality has eluded investigators. Bourne and Lynch (6) described a comparison between an ultrasound screening study of a random population versus an ultrasound screening study of women with an ovarian cancer family history and showed an increased incidence of primary ovarian cancer, benign epithelial tumors, bilateral masses, and mixed ovarian lesions in women with a family history of ovarian cancer. Puls et al. (7) studied ovarian cystadenocarcinomas and found what they described as transition from benign cystadenomas to malignant lesions. They postulated that benign cystadenomas might be precursors of epithelial ovarian cancer in some cases. Other authorities have questioned this theory. To date, there are no proven premalignant lesions for epithelial ovarian cancer. Nor is it known whether or not tumors of low malignant potential represent an intermediate step between a benign lesion and an invasive cancer. Although the study by Salazar et al. (3) in this issue of the Journal does not establish that the epithelial abnormalities described are premalignant changes that will develop into invasive ovarian cancer, they do add further indirect evidence that such precancerous abnormalities do exist. Identification of such abnormalities could greatly increase our knowledge about the pathogenesis of this disease. Understanding the pathogenesis is a prerequisite first step in the development of both early diagnosis and better therapies, particularly biologic therapies. Perhaps most important, these investigators have identified a


This study proposes a TOPSIS-based method for assessing the ability of distribution networks to accept electric vehicles. This method establishes an assessment index system in terms of the rationality, safety, and economy of the distribution network operation, and assesses the capacity of the distribution network in all aspects. Firstly, a fuzzy theory-based model of users' charging psychology under the influence of time-of-use electricity price was constructed, and the spatio-temporal distribution of EV charging loads in the target area was predicted using travel chain theory and Monte Carlo methods. Secondly, considering the rationality, safety and economy of the distribution network operation, a comprehensive evaluation index system for acceptability has been constructed. Then, a comprehensive weighting method for evaluation indexes based on AHP and entropy weight method is proposed, and the improved TOPSIS is used to evaluate the acceptance capacity of the distribution network when EV charging loads are connected in different ways. Finally, a typical IEEE33 distribution network is used to simulate the time and space distribution of the charging load, and taking the charging load access schemes proposed in this paper to verify the effectiveness of the evaluation method.


Effect of blending camel kid hair with merino wool on performance of resultant yarn and fabric has been studied. Camel hair (CH) has been blended with merino wool (M) in three different ratios, viz. 25:75, 75:25 and 50:50 on khadi hand spinning system. Knitted fabric samples are then prepared on circular hand knitting machine. Properties of yarn and knitted fabric are also evaluated. It is found that the blending of merino wool with camel hair improves fineness and strength of yarn. Performance of CH75:M25 knitted fabric is found better in terms of strength and warmth, whereas CH25:M75 fabric shows higher abrasion resistance and better knitting performance and hand.


A new technique allowing elemental analysis of small regions of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) substrates without loss of tip-surface registry has been developed. The technique is based on spark atomic emission spectroscopy and provides information normally unavailable from the STM. In this technique, a voltage excursion (>100 V) is used to excite the sample and cause emission. Spectra from a polished copper electrode surface are presented and discussed. Important parameters and present limitations are also discussed along with future directions for the improvement and long-term use of the technique.


OBJECTIVES
To determine the frequency of renal lithiasis among patients coming to Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar.
METHODOLOGY
This Observational cross-sectional study was undertaken at Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, period (January 2021 to August 2021). Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to recruit 61 patients. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained prior to data collection. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze data.
RESULTS
Out of 160 patients, 61(37.5%) patients were having renal calculi. Among those 61 patients, n=49(80%) were male participants and 12(20%) female participants said that they are having renal calculi. The age of the participants was 12-65years. The proportion of males was approximately higher as compared to the females. Most of the participants have renal calculi at the time of the examination.
CONCLUSION
There is a high rate of renal lithiasis in mostly male patients and at young ages. These demographic factors may be potentially associated with the occurrence of renal lithiasis. Further research is required to study these factors in detail in relation to renal lithiasis


Objective
To explore the present situation of pressure ulcer of outside-hospital stroke patients, and to investigate caring knowledge and behaviors of their caregivers on pressure ulcer prevention and treatment.

Methods
From January to November in 2014, questionnaire was conducted in 78 caregivers of stroke patients with outside-hospital pressure ulcer.

Results
Within two hours after admission, 85.9% of patients were graded as high risk by Braden scale, while 79.2% belonged to grades I and Ⅱ. 15.0% of the patients were hard to be graded or suspected to be with deep tissue damage. In the caregiver′s pressure ulcer prevention and treatment questionnaire, the relatively higher score went to skin care, while the lowest went to knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention, followed by the coping methods after occurrence of pressure ulcers. For dimensions of caring behavior in the questionnaire, the dimension of skin care acquired the highest score, while turning-over was the lowest, followed by wound care.

Conclusions
For community stroke patients, present situation of skin care is not satisfactory, and prevention knowledge and caring behavior of their caregivers on pressure ulcer need to be strengthened.

Key words:
Stroke; Pressure ulcer; Caregiver; Caring behavior; Knowledge of prevention and treatment


The Italian hare, Lepus corsicanus , was first described in Corsica more than 100 years ago, but the knowledge on the status of the species in this island remains scarce. Moreover, frequent introductions of thousands of individuals from other hare species, namely Lepus europaeus and Lepus granatensis , into Corsica are known to have occurred and an updated assessment of the prevalence of L. corsicanus in Corsica is therefore of utmost importance. Here, to estimate the relative prevalence of the hare species present in Corsica, we conducted a molecular analysis on 67 samples collected by hunters between 2002 and 2007 in 36 Corsican communes. Sequencing of portions of the nuclear gene transferrin and of the control region of the mitochondrial DNA allowed classifying most of the collected samples as belonging to L. corsicanus (70.1%). Of the sampled Corsican communes, 86.1% contained this species, while only in 11.1%, L. europaeus was present. Three of the analyzed specimens showed an inconsistent molecular assignment between markers suggesting a hybrid origin: L. corsicanus × L. europaeus , L. corsicanus × L. granatensis , and L. euro-paeus × L. granatensis . The first two cases of hybridization had never been described in nature, even in studies focusing on hares from Italy where L. corsicanus and L. europaeus are often sympatric. These results stress the real risk of corrosion of the native gene pool of L. corsicanus via hybridization with introduced species. We highlight the need of urgently rethinking the management plan of hare populations in Corsica.


The purpose of writing this article is to analyze the meaning of ararem in the context of Biak ethnic marriage. In the Biak ethnic marriage tradition, there is a concept known as ararem. Ararem is a tradition of delivering the dowry of a future husband to his future wife. The provision of ararem has the following meanings, namely: first, the binding of kinship between clans / kerets, namely the male family and the female family, the second ararem as a sign of appreciation for women, third, the essential meaning of giving ararem as a sign of peace that contains prayer and The hope of a large family for a husband and wife to multiply to live happily and harmoniously in fostering a household. The research method uses descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. This study will describe the sacredness of Ararem as assistance in Biak ethnic marriages and analyze Ararem as cultural heritage values which are used as counseling assistance in Biak ethnic marriages. In the tradition of ararem marriage, it is mandatory for Biak ethnicity to do so, because many ethnic groups believe that in ararem there is a sacred value, so if it is not done, then multi-ethnic marriage will not experience a happy and harmonious life. The purpose of writing this article is to understand the sacred value of ararem as a mentoring approach in pastoral by looking at local wisdom as a pattern of approach.


Energy needs in the transportation sector and strict emissions regulations have caused a growing focus on increasing engine efficiency while simultaneously minimizing engine out emissions. One method for accomplishing this is to leverage advanced combustion strategies which are efficient yet very clean. One such combustion mode is premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI). PCCI can lead to drastically lower emissions than conventional diesel combustion while still maintaining engine efficiencies; however, the engine operation region over which it can be utilized is limited. In order to take advantage of this advanced combustion mode, engines must be designed to move between conventional diesel combustion and PCCI. To achieve transitions between different combustion modes, a control strategy was developed which utilizes a extensively validated gas exchange model and flatness-based methods for trajectory planning and trajectory tracking to enable smooth transitions between different combustion modes on a modern diesel engine with variable valve actuation. Since the engine considered here has the ability to alter valve timings, the control method exploits both capabilities to control the gas exchange process as well as the effective compression ratio of the engine. Simulation results indicate that this flatness-based approach is effective in enabling mode transitions.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


We briefly review the PASER concept and early experiments as well as ongoing programs. Due to relatively weak single particle interaction, for collective effects to become dominant long interaction regions are required—similar to SASE. In order to overcome this stringent constraint the Active Penning Trap concept was suggested. In the absence of the active medium, this trap confines the electrons in an equivalent mode to the way a cavity confines radiation. As an active medium is incorporated in the trap, its effect is similar to that of inserting it in a cavity—it obviously amplifies the energy of the stored electrons. In case of the trap, electrons get bunched and due to the efficient interaction they gain energy from the medium, therefore, they may escape the trap. This paradigm has the potential of being a very compact optical injector. A promising configuration has been recently proposed (pending approval) and it will be briefly discussed. Its advantage is twofold: the photon energy is almost two ord...


SUMMARY The effects of concentrations of 10–30 mM/1 of CO2 on the growth of psychrotrophic milk spoilage organisms were examined, both in untreated whole milk and in pure cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens growing in skim-milk and broth. Spoilage of refrigerated untreated whole milk was found to be inhibited by the addition of CO2 and the effect was enhanced with increasing concentrations of CO2 and decreasing storage temperature. Experiments with pure cultures of Ps. fluorescens showed that the inhibitory effects of CO2 were not due to increased acidity or to displacement of dissolved O2, but to the presence of CO2per se which induced an increase in the duration of the lag phase of growth and had only a small effect on the logarithmic phase.


Mitigative effects of exogenous calcium on the plant growth and leaf anti-oxidative enzyme activities of Brassica napus seedlings under seawater stress were investigated with liquid culture method. The results showed that growth states of Brassica napus were significantly inhibited in 30% seawater culture. Optimum concentration of CaCl2 could effectively relieve the seawater damage to Brassica napus, resulting in elevated germination rate, seedling height, fresh weight and chlorophyll content; while SOD and POD maintained high activities. The results from this study showed that the proper concentration range for the growth of Brassica napus were from 10 to 20 mmol·L-1, and excessively high CaCl2 concentration had inhibition on seedling growth.


Underwater wireless sensor networks have been deployed lately to facilitate many applications such as underwater world surveillance and exploration. It relies mainly on acoustic waves for carrying the sensed data from underwater nodes to a surface sink. However, many challenges are faced by such networks including long propagation delays, low bandwidth, the difficulty of obtaining exact location, mobility, and sparsity of deployment. An efficient and simple routing strategy that is based on depth information is used to tackle the problem of localization. However, all protocols adopting the classical depth-based routing don't work well for sparse underwater wireless sensor networks and consume high energy in a dense network. To overcome this, we propose a routing strategy that combines the simplicity of the depth-based routing technique with the acoustic modem capability of switching between a discrete set of transmission power levels. Each level is associated with a range at which the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is above the acoustic receiver threshold. In our strategy, nodes increment their transmission power level until at least one forwarder is found within a depth below the sender depth. Our technique shows that using selective transmission power with DBR enhances the delivery ratio and reduces the consumed energy with a slight increase in end-to-end delays.


A three-tiered artificial neural network (ANN) model with a feed-forward, back-propagation network structure was developed to forecast river flow in the Manwan Reservoir. Based on historical data, various ANN models with different structure were analyzed and tested in order to find a satisfied one. The results of application have showed that the used ANN model is successful and effective in the hydrologic forecasting of the Manwan Reservoir.


A technique originated by Bavelas was modified in 2 ways: (a) the responses of 91 Ss (female clerical employees) were classified by 8 other Ss rather than by E, and (b) a resultant list of salient values was judged by 43 new Ss against a list generated by an expert (a personnel director). Alternate instructions to the judges favored values "important to" (a) employees and (b) the company; as hypothesized, Ss preferred the employee list under the employee condition and no preference was observed under the company condition. E concludes the company may be overlooking employee needs for pleasant personal relations and interest in the work. Methodological and theoretical questions are listed for later study.


In this paper , a method of risk-sensitive stabilization 0 1' a parallel structured single-link flexible arm nsing Kalman filter based LEQG control is presented. This arm is assumed to receive random disturbance which is generated by moving bas 巴 such as vehicle bodies , mobile robots and so on. The random disturbance due to the moving base depends on its unknown acceleration which is assumed to be modeled by the white Gaussian noise.' The structure of the arm is approximated by a singl e- link flexible arm consisting 0 1' an Euler-Bernoulli beam with the same boundary conditions of the parallel-structured one. The LEQG controller and the Kalman filter are cons 七 ruc 七 edfor t. he finite-dimensional model corresponding to the simplified structure mode 1.


Abstract Let
$\mathcal {I}$
 be an ideal on
$\omega $
 . For
$f,\,g\in \omega ^{\omega }$
 we write
$f \leq _{\mathcal {I}} g$
 if
$f(n) \leq g(n)$
 for all
$n\in \omega \setminus A$
 with some
$A\in \mathcal {I}$
 . Moreover, we denote
$\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}}=\{f\in \omega ^{\omega }: f^{-1}[\{n\}]\in \mathcal {I} \text { for every } n\in \omega \}$
 (in particular,
$\mathcal {D}_{\mathrm {Fin}}$
 denotes the family of all finite-to-one functions). We examine cardinal numbers
$\mathfrak {b}(\geq _{\mathcal {I}}\cap (\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}} \times \mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}}))$
 and
$\mathfrak {b}(\geq _{\mathcal {I}}\cap (\mathcal {D}_{\mathrm {Fin}}\times \mathcal {D}_{\mathrm {Fin}}))$
 describing the smallest sizes of unbounded from below with respect to the order
$\leq _{\mathcal {I}}$
 sets in
$\mathcal {D}_{\mathrm {Fin}}$
 and
$\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}}$
 , respectively. For a maximal ideal
$\mathcal {I}$
 , these cardinals were investigated by M. Canjar in connection with coinitial and cofinal subsets of the ultrapowers. We show that
$\mathfrak {b}(\geq _{\mathcal {I}}\cap (\mathcal {D}_{\mathrm {Fin}} \times \mathcal {D}_{\mathrm {Fin}})) =\mathfrak {b}$
 for all ideals
$\mathcal {I}$
 with the Baire property and that
$\aleph _1 \leq \mathfrak {b}(\geq _{\mathcal {I}}\cap (\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}} \times \mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}})) \leq \mathfrak {b}$
 for all coanalytic weak P-ideals (this class contains all
$\bf {\Pi ^0_4}$
 ideals). What is more, we give examples of Borel (even
$\bf {\Sigma ^0_2}$
 ) ideals
$\mathcal {I}$
 with
$\mathfrak {b}(\geq _{\mathcal {I}}\cap (\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}} \times \mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}}))=\mathfrak {b}$
 as well as with
$\mathfrak {b}(\geq _{\mathcal {I}}\cap (\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}} \times \mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}})) =\aleph _1$
 . We also study cardinals
$\mathfrak {b}(\geq _{\mathcal {I}}\cap (\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {J}} \times \mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {K}}))$
 describing the smallest sizes of sets in
$\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {K}}$
 not bounded from below with respect to the preorder
$\leq _{\mathcal {I}}$
 by any member of
$\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {J}}\!$
 . Our research is partially motivated by the study of ideal-QN-spaces: those cardinals describe the smallest size of a space which is not ideal-QN.


A new control property namely ldquocontrol inertiardquo is introduced in this article. In this research, control techniques not needing a mathematical model of the system are subject to study. Neuro-predictive (NP) method is a non-model based technique works for a wide variety of nonlinear systems, and lets us compare different systemspsila behaviour. In this paper, two different nonlinear systems, a model helicopter and a tank reactor, are controlled similarly by neuro-predictive method in simulation environment. Although tank reactor is controlled successfully by NP method, a repeated significant overshoot is observed when model helicopter is controlled (leading very long settling time and a considerable amount of energy consumption). This discrepancy in control behaviour is explained by a property of systems, called ldquocontrol inertiardquo. In this paper, control inertia is defined as the ratio of control input to the second temporal derivative of systempsilas output. It is indicated that the undesirable control behaviour of model helicopter (repeated overshoot and its consequences) is influenced by its high control inertia. In order to improve the control behaviour, a fuzzy inference system is designed and added to the control circuit to decelerate system when it is approaching setpoint. This fuzzy inference system is called ldquofuzzy brakerdquo, which improves the performance significantly in case of high inertia. Having a general understanding of systempsilas dynamics (not necessarily a mathematical model), it is possible to judge whether the system is high inertia or low inertia, and whether a fuzzy brake is needed or not. In general, the concept of control inertia can be used in intelligent control system design together with input-output data and fuzzy rules derived by experience/observation.


This paper analyses the versatility of the Dependency Network Diagram (DND) method for modelling inter-organisational IS collaborations from a resource dependence perspective. Originally developed to facilitate the designing and optimising of structures, work processes, and supporting IT; the DND method shows signs of a potential broader usage toward managing such collaborations. Deploying a case study from the Australian electricity sector, the paper presents evidence that the DND method can partially be used for understanding dependencies but is limited for managing them. This is because the DND method – although predicated on resource dependence theory – does not fully align with the theory, limiting its versatility with respect to actively managing resource dependencies in interorganisational IS collaborations.


This paper presents a deformable template object recognition method for classifying fish species in underwater video. This method can be a component of a system that automatically identifies fish by species, improving upon previous works which only detect and track fish and those that rely on significant inter-species shape variations or special equipment. Our method works with video shot by a standard uncalibrated camera in a natural setting rather than the calibrated stereo cameras and man-made imaging environments described in other publications. We use deformable template matching which employs an efficient combination of shape contexts and large-scale spatial structure preservation. Experimental results demonstrate the improvement of deformable template matching over raw SVM texturebased classification.


Following an ethical violation at work, the punishments people receive have important implications for their lives, both professionally and personally, so it is vital that punishments be fair and non-discriminatory. However, across two studies using different methods, we find that women are punished more severely than men for ethical violations at work. Study 1 observes the gender disparity in an archival data set involving attorneys who violated the American Bar Association's ethical rules. Study 2 replicates the gender disparity in a laboratory experiment which randomly varies the gender of the transgressor. Our studies also explore both when and why this gender disparity emerges. To explore when this disparity emerges, we examined two potential moderating factors: the gender composition of the decision-making body that allocates punishment (Study 1) and the importance of ethicality to the group (Study 2). In Study 1, the gender disparity emerged only when women were under-represented among the decision-makers allocating punishment. In Study 2, the gender disparity emerged only when groups more strongly prescribed ethical traits. To explore why the disparity emerges, we examined the possibility that women face an intensified prescription to be ethical, relative to men. We found evidence for the prescriptive gender stereotype, but it did not mediate the gender disparity in punishment. Our research contributes to knowledge of punitive processes in work organizations and describes a novel form of gender discrimination.


The Electron-Ion Collider is the newest large-scale project at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The collider's purpose is to provide further advancements in the knowledge of the universe's origin by accelerating particles near the speed of light. Our project for this 3.8 km ring was to create a thermal hydraulic steady-state simulation design of the water-cooling system to be cost-effective and energy efficient, as envisioned by Charlie Foltz, the EIC Infrastructure Division Director. The system would include a supply and return header, which cools several thousand components of the ring. The water would then be returned and cooled down using a system of cooling towers and plate and frame heat exchangers. Due to the size of the system and the complexity of the network analysis, a fluid dynamic simulation software, AFT Fathom, was used. Since previous methods of maintaining systems relied on building upon smaller real-life models and implementing empirical data, this flow model was unique and first of a kind in the domain of accelerator design, construction and operation. Therefore, our hydraulic team piloted a new method to perform network analysis on a large scale cooling system. We successfully created several test scenarios for system behavior in a shorter time compared to the method of performing hand calculations. Cooling specifications for heat rejection, pressure drop, flow rate, and pipe sizing were changed based on the individual systems of the vacuum, radio frequency (RF), magnet and power supply, and cryogenics sections. Finally, we used DOE guidelines to perform life-cycle cost analysis with net present value and carbon saving analysis on the systems where pipe size could be optimized.


Background: Until recently, young people in Kazakhstan have been only moderately affected by the global HIV epidemic. Today, however, the HIV epidemic in Central Asia is one of the most rapidly increasing epidemics in the world. It is mainly concentrated to vulnerable groups such as intravenous drug users, sex workers, the purchasers of sexual services and the financially marginalized. Young, sexually active people may however be the gateway for the epidemic to the general population, and knowledge about their attitudes and behavior is therefore important in planning preventive measures. Methods: To gather information about young students and their attitudes and knowledge about HIV/AIDS, we collected 600 structured questionnaires and made 23 semi-structured interviews among three groups of students. Response rate was 99%. Results: Almost 99% of the respondents had heard of HIV/AIDS, and 89% could identify ways to protect oneself against sexually transmitted HIV/AIDS. The main routes of transmission, sexual contact without condom and intravenous drug use, were both identified by 97% of the students. Twenty-five percent of the female students and 75% of the male students had had one or more sexual partners. More than 30% of the young men had purchased sex, and homosexuality was widely stigmatized. Conclusion: Risks for the spread of HIV/AIDS among young people in Kazakhstan include prostitution as well as stigmatization of the HIV positive and of homosexuals. Protective factors are good knowledge about risks and protection, and opportunities to talk and gather information about sexuality and HIV/AIDS. Background The Republic of Kazakhstan is a large country with a relatively small population of 15 million people. It was formerly part of the Soviet Union and is now a multiethnic society with some 100 different ethnic groups, dominated by Russians and Kazakhs. The main religions are Islam, Published: 16 December 2008 BMC International Health and Human Rights 2008, 8:14 doi:10.1186/1472-698X-8-14 Received: 7 February 2008 Accepted: 16 December 2008 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-698X/8/14 © 2008 Hansson et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


A method for the analysis of the methylation of cytosine bases in genomic DNA samples, comprising the following steps:(a) the genomic DNA is chemically treated in such a manner that cytosine is converted into uracil or a similar base regarding the base pairing behaviour in the DNA duplex, 5 methylcytosine however remains unchanged;(b) the chemically treated DNA is amplified using of at least one species of oligonucleotide (type A) as a primer in a polymerase reaction;(c) the amplificate is left in solution with one or more species of fluorophore labelled nucleotides and one or more species of oligonucleotide (type B) , wherein the type B oligonucleotide hybridises under appropriate conditions with its 3' end directly on or up to 10 bases from the position to be examined, and wherein said type B oligonucleotide is at least partly nuclease resistant;(d) the hybridised oligonucleotide (type B) is extended by means of a polymerase by at least one nucleotide, whereby the extension is dependant upon the methylation status of the respective cytosine position in the genomic DNA sample;(e) the solution is incubated with a phosphodiesterase, which is capable of digesting nucleic acids, however incompletely digests the type B oligonucleotides and its extension products;(f) the fluorescence polarisation of the solution is measured whereby for each fluorescent label used one determines the degree of polarisation.


In this age of global competition, large cities increasingly desire the Olympics as a megaevent because of its promises of local economic development, catalysis of urban development projects, and unparalleled standing on the global stage. These incentives outweigh the risks and significant costs of staging the Games. Not only does staging the modern Olympiad call for huge investments of money, time, effort, and other resources, so too does the mere chance of hosting the Games. Cities interested in hosting the Olympics must participate in a rigorous and intense competitive bid procedure before the International Olympic Committee (IOC) selects a host city. The bid process itself can be just as valuable to a bid city as hosting the actual Games themselves. The Olympic bid process has enormous potential as an imaginative exercise in reimagining the city. However, IOC composition, bid procedure, and common urban power structures all, in varying degrees, place demands upon and threaten this potential. The current Washington D.C. 2012 Olympic bid presents an excellent opportunity for the examinination of the city's ability to challenge these limitations. As much about the city of Washington as the Olympic bid process, this thesis uses D.C.'s bid process as a means to display the city's multiplicity. Further, the bid process reveals elite forms of control at the same time that it serves as an important discussion about the future shape of both the city and the region.


Tourism destination familiarity has been considered as a factor in shaping destination image and affecting tourists' behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of familiarity in the tourism decision‐making process and to examine the influences of cognitive and affective images on visit intention. A survey was conducted in Chongqing, mainland China, to examine Chongqing residents' perceptions of Shanghai in relation to their familiarity with Shanghai. The results corroborated all the hypothesized relationships using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that familiarity was positively associated with destination image and visit intention and confirmed that destination image was positively related to visitation intentions. This study has advanced the researchers' understandings of the interrelationships between familiarity, destination image, and visit intention under the background of Chinese culture. 旅游目的地的亲景度是塑造目的地形象和影响游客行为的因素之一。本文的目的是研究亲景度在旅游决策过程中所扮演的角色,以及探讨认知形象和情感形象对游览意向的影响。本文以中国重庆为研究对象并于重庆进行问卷调查,研究重庆居民感知的上海与他们熟知的上海之间的关系。调查结果证实了所有利用结构方程模型分析的假设关系。研究结果显示亲景度与目的地形象和游览意向呈正相关,同时亦证实了目的地形象与游览意向呈现正相关。作者期望本研究能够深化研究人员对中国文化背景下亲景度、目的地形象和游览意向三者的相互关系的理解。


E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA(Dated: March 2011)Off-resonant coupling between a quantum dot and a photonic resonator is a phenomenon uniqueto solid state cavity quantum electrodynamics. We theoretically show that the spectral lineshapeof the emission of a cavity off-resonantly coupled to a quantum dot under bichromatic resonantexcitation can be used to observe signatures of the dressing of the quantum dot. This incoherentchannel provides a convenient means of observing the effects of coherent interaction between thequantum dot and the resonant light field at a wavelength that is spectrally detuned from both.I. INTRODUCTION


CCI approves the joint venture between Google and Johnson and Johnson for the research and development in respect of the robotic system for surgical intervention* CCI by its order dated July 10,…


As an azo-dyes,Sudan Ⅲ do not dissolve in water,slightly soluble in ethanol,soluble in chloroform,oils and fats,mineral oil,acetone and benzene and so on.It is difficult biodegradable and volatile organic compound.The photodegradation experiment was carried out using nano-TiO2 as photocatalyst in the two different kinds of solvents under three lights source irradiation.Experimental condition,such as,the light source,solvent,solvent and catalyst time was also discussed.UV-Vis absorption spectrum was employed to capture the photodegradation process.The results indicated that the photocatalytic degradation of Sudan Ⅲ follow the first kinetics equation,the photodegradation half-life is 58 min in ethanol system and 17.2 min in chloroform /ethanol.


The process of making the etch mask for the glass dry etching is complicated and its cost is high. To reduce these disadvantages, we suggest the glass dry etching method using a single photoresist (PR) mask. In this works, we figured out the optimized condition for the dry etching using the photoresist without any metal or silicon mask. We observed the characteristics of quartz wafer, such as the etch profile, etch rate, the selectivity and the critical dimension (CD) loss rate.


Detailed data of spatial and temporal distribution and radiative properties of aerosols are required for assessment on aerosol direct radiative forcing. In recent years, with the development of remote sensing instruments as well as corresponding sophisticated inversion algorithms, the global aerosol distribution can be acquired by satellite remote sensing. The aerosol optical depth in the areas with high surface albedo can be inversed by the latest MODIS deep blue algorithm with good complementarity to the applicable areas with traditional dark target inversion scheme. Based on both algorithms, the distribution of aerosol optical depth over land areas of China in 2005 was provided, with an averaged value 0.31. Moreover, the aerosol optical depths are high in spring and summer while low value in autumn and winter, and greatly different in different areas. In addition, the surface albedo data inversed by MODIS and MISR were coupled into the self-developed radiative model,called RAD01. The aerosol direct radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere (TOA), on the surface and in the atmosphere over land areas of China were calculated as -7±2Wm-2, -21.9 ±6.4Wm-2 and 4.9±4.3Wm-2 respectively. Due to the strong absorptivity of aerosols over land areas of China, the aerosol radiative forcing on the surface was three times larger than that at TOA, with a strong heating effect on the atmosphere.


This literature review describes and critiques in some detail various different instructional films produced by different groups and organizations. It is a major review of experimentation in film. 3 decades of research is summarized evaluated and integrated in the desire to provide a guide for predicting the results of film instruction more accurately; improving the planning and production of instructional films; and increasing the effectiveness of film utilization procedures. Concluding observations note that learning is dependent upon a background of experience possessed to only a slight degree by the learner; the advantage for rapid mass instruction is evident. There is however no evidence that the experience of a motion picture in and of itself is a sole determinant of thoughts feelings or actions. If motion pictures are to teach they must be made as tools of teaching rather than merely as examples of cinema art. Research evidence demonstrates that film effectiveness can be improved if 2 things happen: 1) the concept of the ultimate use of the film must dominate the entire planning production and distribution 2) more and better staff work in pre-production planning is required.


The soil-dwelling larvae of crane fly species, known as 'leatherjackets', are pests of grass pastures and a wide range of crops, including cereals, brassicas and lettuce, as well as tree saplings in forest nurseries. The larvae are currently controlled using chemical insecticides. However, new EU legislation, specifically Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market, requests farmers use environmentally-sensitive, integrated pest management programmes, which use nonchemical methods of pest control where possible. Increased attention is being focused on naturally occurring beneficial organisms (e.g. nematodes, bacteria, fungi and insects for controlling insect pests.


The conversations of elementary school students in the classroom of Sister M. Gertrude Hennessey have captured the attention of science educators, scientists, and cognitive psychologists. Research studies documenting student outcomes have been presented in professional journals and at professional meetings. While there are many unique aspects of learning that the students in this classroom exhibit during conversations with one another and their teacher, the extraordinary performance of these students inevitably raises the question: How does Sister Gertrude do it? What are significant components of her instruction that support the student outcomes reported in studies of her students? In this article, we provide a detailed account of her instruction, an account that can help us understand how she facilitates conceptual change learning through a carefully chosen set of learning goals. Through instruction that established these learning goals, Sister facilitated a learning environment in which students spoke about their ideas, offered justifications for ideas, recognized the limitations of an idea, and negotiated knowledge claims in ways similar to some of those in the scientific community. In presenting this case study, we are conscious of the implications that answers to our questions about Sister Gertrude's instruction could have for other teachers as well. In other words, we are interested in whether the learning that takes place in Sister's classroom is the product of a unique and singular environment, or whether the instructional principles she uses, once incorporated into the practices of other teachers, might result in similar student outcomes. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed83:738–760, 1999.


Non-digging laying technique is a new practice to accurately and quickly lay and change underground pipeline crossing roads,railways,buildings and rivers without cutting the grounds.This paper discussed the non-digging directional drilling and laying technique with a pipeline engineering crossing the South Fei River as example.


The clinical benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) has been demonstrated. However, a nonresponse rate of CRT nearly 1/3. Recent studies have reported left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) has achieved remarkable effect in CRT. This study aim to explore the efficacy and safety of LBBP in heart failure patients with LBBB.


We describe an algorithm for the approximation of a zero $z^ * $ of an M-function. The essential ingredient is a combinatorial search process for optimal sub- and supersolutions of $z^ * $in a set of equidistant gridpoints. We discuss computational experience with a nonlinear elliptic boundary value problem and a network flow problem.


Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of UP302 in cream,and quantify residual amount of UP302 after cream applied to rat skin.Method:The chromatographic separation was achieved within 10 min on Phenomenex Luna 5u C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column with gradient mobile phase containing a mixture of methanol and water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.The detection wavelength was 280 nm and column temperature was 35 ℃.The methodology involved extraction of the analyte from UP302 cream by methanol.Results:The calibration curves were linear in a range of 5-100 μg·mL-1 with correlation coefficient more than 0.999.The intra-and inter-day accuracy was between 98.5% and 100.6%,and precision was less than 2.4%.Conclusion:The method is simple,sensitive,precise,accurate and suitable for the estimation of UP302 in cream.The method is applied to quantify the residual amount of UP302 cream on rat skin.,and can be used for study on skin absorption of drug preparation.


Improving cache performance is a lasting research topic. While utilizing data locality to enhance cache performance becomes more and more difficult, data access concurrency provides a new opportunity for cache performance optimization. In this work, we propose a novel concurrency-aware cache management framework that outperforms state-of-the-art locality-only cache management schemes. First, we investigate the merit of data access concurrency and pinpoint that reducing the miss rate may not necessarily lead to better overall performance. Next, we introduce the pure miss contribution (PMC) metric, a lightweight and versatile concurrency-aware indicator, to accurately measure the cost of each outstanding miss access by considering data concurrency. Then, we present CARE, a dynamic adjustable, concurrency-aware, low-overhead cache management framework with the help of the PMC metric. We evaluate CARE with extensive experiments across different application domains and show significant performance gains with the consideration of data concurrency. In a 4-core system, CARE improves IPC by 10.3% over LRU replacement. In 8 and 16-core systems where more concurrent data accesses exist, CARE outperforms LRU by 13.0% and 17.1%, respectively.


The form of the effective hamiltonian for the rotational levels of linear molecules in Σ states of high multiplicity (2S + 1 ⩾ 4) has been investigated. The explicit operator form for some higher-order spin-spin and spin-rotation interactions has been established and the determinable parameters related to the relevant matrix elements. Order of magnitude considerations suggest that the requirement of two spin-rotation parameters in the description of a 4Σ state, although rigorously correct, is not likely to be necessary except in measurements of the highest precision.


Methylation has emerged as an increasingly important chemical modification that is involved in the regulation of many biological processes. Consistent with the extensive and diverse set of biological functions regulated by methylation, transmethylation reactions are catalyzed by a large family of methyltransferases with a broad range of substrate specificity, including histone proteins involved in transcriptional regulation, tumor suppressor proteins such as p53 and Rb, DNA and RNA substrates, and small molecule substrates such as catecholamines, nicotinamide, and various xenobiotics. This review focuses on a small subset of this large family of methyltransferases and the role they play in cardiovascular development, function, and disease. Specifically, we highlight two protein methyltransferase (PMT) subfamilies that modify histone and nonhistone protein substrates: protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) that methylate the side chain of arginines, and the SmyD protein family that N-methylate the side chain of lysines. We also discuss a potential role that nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) plays in cardiovascular disease by creating a metabolic sink for homocysteine, an amino acid known for its adverse effects on the cardiovascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells.


Introduction:
The aim of this study was assessing the effects of previous needs assessment conducted on 2007 on West Abouzar neighborhood changes after three years.
Methods:
This is a cross sectional study that consisting two parts of qualitative and quantitative. In qualitative part, we determined type of interventions and selection criteria, and their effects on local headquarters approaches by using semi structured interviews. Based on qualitative results, a questionnaire was designed for quantitative part. Type and quality of interventions, their effect on quality of life of people were assessed through quantitative valid and reliable questionnaire. Sample size was including 352 households from West Abouzar neighborhood of Tehran which selected through random cluster sampling. Data gathered and analyzed using statistical methods.
Results:
The results showed that for the identified needs and problems, at least one intervention had been performed. Majority of interventions were conducted on constructive and health issues while in social issues limited interventions were implemented. The qualities of interventions in 29.5% of cases were good, 47% of cases were moderate and 23.5% of cases were weak.
fifty one percent of participants stated that interventions were effective on their quality of life but they expected more interventions. 21.1% of respondents believe that they were effective and 11.1% reported that the interventions were more effective while 17% stated that it has no effete on their lives. Also local headquarters stated significant change on their approach to planning and solving the problems.
Conclusion:
Participatory needs assessment and intervention based on the local needs, is an effective approach to fulfill community needs in long term.


We study here a convex optimization problem with variables subject to a given partial order. This problem is a generalization of the known maximum (or minimum) closure problem and the isotonic regression problem. The algorithm we devise has complexity O(mnlog n2/m + n log U), for U the largest interval of values associated with a variable. For the quadratic problem and for the closure problem the complexity of our algorithm is strongly polynomial, O(mnlog n2/m). For the isotonic regression problem the complexity is O(n log U).


This article utilizes the Youla parameterization method to design a switching linear parameter-varying (LPV) output-feedback controller. The switching controller consists of several LPV controllers designed in advance and independently with corresponding <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{H} \infty $ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance. Based on the Youla parameterization idea, the controller design procedure is decomposed into two steps. First, a central controller is designed to ensure global <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{H} \infty $ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance. Second, a switching controller is constructed to achieve the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{H} \infty $ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance in each subset under arbitrary switching. This scheme is designed to develop state-space realizations of Youla parameters from the central controller. The realizations not only ensure that the closed-loop system satisfies the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{H} \infty $ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance under arbitrary switching but also guarantees the corresponding <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{H} \infty $ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance for local subsystem at each fixed point. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


This paper presents the architectural design of a 300 GHz transceiver system that can be used to explore the high speed communication opportunities offered by the Terahertz (THz) band for advanced applications of Internet-of-Things (IoT). We use low cost industry ready components to prepare a fully customizable THz band communication system that provides a bandwidth of 20 GHz that is easily extendable up to 40 GHz. Component parameters are carefully observed and used in simulations to predict the system performance while the compatibility of different components is ensured to produce a reliable design. Our results show that the receiver provides a conversion gain of 51 dB with a noise figure (NF) of 9.56 dB to achieve a data rate of 90.31 Gbps at an operation range of 2 meters, which is suitable for high speed indoor IoT nodes. The flexible design of the transceiver provides groundwork for further research efforts in 5G IoT applications and pushing boundaries of throughputs to the order of terabits per second (Tbps).


We have developed semiconductor growth techniques for the coating and filling of nanopores in ceramic-type substrates. The main idea behind this research is to use the large inner surface of ceramics as a template for the realization of semiconductor heterojunctions with extremely large interface area. As porous substrates we use lightly sintered nanocrystalline TiO2 of 5–10 μm thickness. The pore volume in these substrates is ∼50% and the average pore diameter is 30–50 nm. We are able to establish nanometer thick coatings on the inner surfaces of these substrates or — in a different technique — fill the pore volume with (100 ± 3)% efficiency. The growth techniques involve chemical and electrochemical methods from liquid solutions. Binary, ternary and, most recently, quarternary compounds of the II–VI and I–III–VI material systems were prepared.