Introduction In the past few years, independently of each other, we encountered ferocious promoters of 'technologies for development', such as drip irrigation, conservation agriculture, the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), or the better known Jatropha or Bt Cotton seeds. The missionary zeal with which these were promoted and defended (and sometimes attacked) struck us. Upon closer scrutiny these were not only technologies for development but rather 'packages of sociotechnical practices' ...


The International Handbook on Social Policy and the Environment reviews debates concerning poverty, inequalities, social distribution, social rights, taxation, healthcare, education, water and energy policies to examine the relevance and importance of climate change to social policies and welfare reform.


Abstract Records of 19 species and one subspecies of water beetles of four families: Gyrinidae (two species), Dytiscidae (seven species), Hydrophilidae (10 species), and Spercheidae (one subspecies) from Pakistan are listed, based on collected material. Four genera and 10 species are recorded from Pakistan for the first time. The newly recorded genera are: Patrus, Helochares, Sternolophus and Coelostoma. The newly recorded species are: Dineutus spinosus (Fabricius, 1781), Patrus haemorrhous (Régimbart, 1891), Copelatus freudei Guignot, 1955, Copelatus sp1, Copelatus sp2, Enochrus ater (Kuwert, 1888), Helochares anchoralis Sharp, 1890, Sternolophus rufipes (Fabricius, 1792), Paracymus aeneus (Germar, 1824) and Coelostoma stultum (Walker, 1858). Zoogeographic affinities of the recorded species are discussed. According to their current distribution, the 18 species known from Pakistan can be classified into five zoogeographical categories.


© RUSI Journal December 2018 Spence, David Welsh, Charles Feinstein and Chris Saunders). This book sits firmly in the field of security studies. For the specialist in international history, it contains a number of irritating errors, exaggerations and omissions. As a few examples: there is no discussion of non-alignment in this book; it is hard to characterise Britain's departure from Kenya as 'relatively graceful', given what we now know of the repressive colonial state during the Mau Mau emergency (see Caroline Elkins' and David Anderson's work); South Africa left the Commonwealth in 1961 because it was determined to become a republic, and was made to realise if the country reapplied for membership, it would be barred. Moorcraft cites no sources on the manipulation of international gold sales. Rhodesia did not return to formal British rule until December 1979, not 1980. Nor did 'a second version of the Cold War phoenix under Putin'; the Soviets were not 'tactless colonisers', nor did they seek 'real estate' (see Irina Filatova and Apollon Davidson, The Hidden Hand: Russia and South Africa in the Soviet Era, 2013). President Carter had already shifted towards 'big budget' war against the Soviet bloc before President Reagan's arrival at the White House. There is a somewhat simplistic presentation of the negotiated withdrawal of Cuban troops and personnel, Soviet military advisers and the SADF from Angola (see Anatoly Adamishin, The White Sun of Angola, English translation, Wilson Center, 2014), as well as Gleijeses's detailed exploration of the role of Cuban military advantage in Southern Angola, in Visions of Freedom). However, Moorcraft is certainly correct that the hard power of the South African state did not crack, and South African Foreign Minister Pik Botha personally confirmed to me the existence of American fears, behind their encouragement to South Africa to decommission the homegrown nuclear programme, namely that a radical nationalist ANC government might pass nuclear secrets to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. (Those interested in this topic should read South African scholars AnnaMart Van Wyk's and Jo-Ansie Van Wyk's groundbreaking work.) Notwithstanding the author's sometimes over-fondness for a colourful or glib phrase, he presents a sustained and powerful argument of creeping militarisation in the process of policy formulation, and underlines inconsistencies and contradictions of policy implementation – across southern Africa and beyond. There are many warnings from history in this book, most of all, on the danger of attempts at military solutions to political problems. As Moorcraft shows very clearly, relative military success and hard power advantage can militate against far-sighted political strategy and vision. Those who seek to use hard power to resolve political challenges should take note. n


The Rǒle of Paliclavine in the Biosynthesis of Ergot Alkaloids

Feeding of [N-14CH3]-paliclavine to submersed cultures of Claviceps paspali Stevens et Hall and to surface cultures of the ergot fungus from Pennisetum typhoideum Rich. has shown that paliclavine is not involved in the biosynthesis of either the ergolene carboxylic acids or the tri- and tetra-cyclic clavines.


This paper examines the 2016 US presidential election campaign to identify problems with, causes of and solutions to the contemporary fake news phenomenon. To achieve this, we employ textual analysis and feedback from engagement, meetings and panels with technologists, journalists, editors, non-profits, public relations firms, analytics firms and academics during the globally leading technology conference, South-by-South West, in March 2017. We further argue that what is most significant about the contemporary fake news furore is what it portends: the use of personally and emotionally targeted news produced by algo-journalism and what we term "empathic media". In assessing solutions to this democratically problematic situation, we recommend that greater attention is paid to the role of digital advertising in causing, and combating, both the contemporary fake news phenomenon, and the near-horizon variant of empathically optimised automated fake news.


The Lower Cretaceous Viodo Carbonate, a lacustrine carbonate in the Congo Basin, was deposited in the evolving South Atlantic rift basin between Africa and South America. Extensive cores and cuttings permit analysis of the complex relations between carbonate facies and the coeval organic-rich shale of the Marnes Noires Formation. Carbonate deposition was primarily controlled by water depth, initiated by falls in lake level, and terminated by rises. During the most pronounced low stand, mollusc coquinas formed a reef-like margin on the platform margin. During lowstands of lesser magnitude, gastropods and oncolite shoals prograded to the platform edge. The Viodo Carbonate can be divided into three lithostratigraphic members designated the Lower Viodo Carbonate, the Mid-Viodo Shale, and the Upper Viodo Carbonate. Deposition of the Lower Viodo Carbonate began with a major fall in lake level; it consists of limestone and dolomite grainstone beds with characteristics of a Bouma sequence, deposited as a series of turbidite flows. Most clasts originated on a nearby shallow-water platform, but the presence of organic-rich interbeds between the grainstones and shale rip-ups implies anoxic, relatively deep water depositional conditions. The as turbidites. submergence of the nearby shallow-water platform. a level, shallow-water earlier


The introduction of the str A/sup -/ mutation was shown to decrease ten- fold the yield of uv-induced reversions to prototrophy as compared with an isogenic str A/.sup +/ strain. The decrease is due to inability of the majority of induced suppressors to be expressed phenotypically in the str A/sup -/ strain in the course of selection. Streptomycin reversed this effect. The uv-induced suppressors were shown to differ in ability to be restricted by the str A/sup -/ mutation. (auth)


This paper designs a mechanism that generalizes Ronald Coase's farmer-rancher example of nuisance law from his seminal article, "The Problem of Social Costs." The mechanism incentivizes truthful reporting of the agents' private net benefits and costs of bilateral activity levels, thereby addressing Coase's concern that judges might not know how to determine the optimal activity levels. The model determines a property rights regime endogenously as a dominant strategy equilibrium that enables strategic agents with asymmetric information to arrive at efficient outcomes. Mechanism design encompasses the Pigouvian-social-planner and Coasean-transaction-cost paradigms as special cases, while accommodating alternative societal objectives, various equilibrium concepts, endogenous transaction costs, strategic agents, private information, truthful revelation of private costs and benefits, incentive compatibility, voluntary participation, and budgetary feasibility. These features extend previous paradigms and test their robustness in more sophisticated economic environments. The mechanism design paradigm provides modern theoretical foundations for economic analysis of law.


Large area of underground goaf caused by mining has appeared in JingYang coal mine of northeastern Antaibao opencast mine(open pit mine).In order to avoid construction equipments falling into mined-out area,the effects of stability caused by ground construction in mined-out area were studied.In this paper,the goaf was divided into three regions according to time sequence.The deformation,plastic failure and distribution of stress were analyzed based on(by means of) numerical simulation under dynamic loading.The security of the construction technique above goaf was evaluated,and the control countermeasures(treatment measures) were obtained.


It has been known that a B=2 skyrmion is axially symmetric. We consider the Skyrme model coupled to gravity and obtain static axially symmetric black hole solutions numerically. The black hole skyrmion no longer has integer baryonic charge but has fractional charge outside the horizon as in the spherically symmetric case. Therefore, the solution represents a black hole partially swallowing a deuteron. Recent studies of theories with large extra dimensions suggest an effective Planck scale of order a TeV and thus the deuteron black hole may be produced in the Linear Hadron Collider (LHC) in future.


The method, which obtains a static-dynamic comprehensive effect from superposing static and dynamic effects, is inapplicable to large deformation and nonlinear elastic problems under strong earthquake action. The static and dynamic effects must be analyzed in a unified way. These effects involve a static-dynamic boundary transformation problem or a static-dynamic boundary unified problem. The static-dynamic boundary conversion method is tedious. If the node restraint reaction force caused by a static boundary condition is not applied, then the model is not balanced at zero moment, and the calculation result is distorted. The static numerical solution error is large when the structure possesses tangential static force in a viscoelastic static-dynamic unified boundary. This paper proposed a new static-dynamic unified artificial boundary based on an infinite element in ABAQUS to solve static-dynamic synthesis effects conveniently and accurately. The static and dynamic mapping theories of infinite elements were introduced. The characteristic of the infinite element, which has zero displacement at faraway infinity, was discussed in theory. The equivalent nodal force calculation formula of infinite element unified boundary was deduced from an external wave input. A calculation and application program of equivalent nodal forces was developed using the Python language to complete external wave inputting. This new method does not require a static and dynamic boundary transformation and import of stress field and constraint counterforce of boundary nodes. The static calculation precision of the infinite element unified boundary is more improved than the viscoelastic static-dynamic unified boundary, especially when the static load is in the tangential direction. In addition, the foundation simulation range of finite field can be significantly reduced given the utilization of the infinite element static dynamic unified boundary. The preciseness of static calculation and dynamic calculation and static-dynamic comprehensive analysis are unaffected.


The invention relates to an optimized data extraction method for bras. The method comprises the following steps: 1, manufacturing a shaping effect observation device; 2, making bra pads; 3, shaping; 4, extracting data. The optimized data extraction method for bras disclosed by the invention breaks through a previous method in which data of bras are extracted just by simply measuring the breasts. According to the method, due to the effect observation device having transparent cup models, the dimensions of cup peripheries of the breasts are selected prior to extracting final data from basic parameters, and also, the breasts are shaped on the conventional cup shapes through locations of nipples; the shaping effects are quantified; the observation effect is more stable and reliable than a naked-eye observation effect; data are recorded intuitively after the shaping effect reaches standards. Therefore, the method disclosed by the invention is simple and fast.


A new method to efficiently get fish count using digital picture and fuzzy artificial neural network is presented. The new method can handle overlapped fishes, as well as different sized fishes. The intelligent window over the digital picture based on neural network feedback is used to partition the picture into different level of grid and each grid data is treated as the input for the network. Multiple levels of gridding are applied corresponding to the layers of neural network. Samples are provided for training and verification and the result is satisfiable. The new method need is faster and can be used both in fish farm and waterway monitoring. Matlab programming is used for data processing.


By minitiaturzing and ruggedizing laboratory equipment historically used for geochemical applications, it is now possible to digitize chemical attributes of molecules as they flow through the wellhead. Specifically, the number of unpaired electrons in outer-orbitals can be tracked in real-time as well as the hyperfine interaction of those electrons with spin-properties of nuclei within their associated molecules. This sounds very esoteric but in fact has a direct relationship with traditional flow assurance problems that have previously been very difficult to manage. For example, considering those electrons which correspond to free radicals within asphaltene molecules, then, in the presence of a very strong magnetic field, they will resonate at a specific microwave frequency. By exposing the well fluid to exactly that combination of magnetic and RF fields, the amplitude of the resonance is proportional to the number of asphaltene molecules. Unlike some optical and infra-red techniques, this gives a measurement of the total amount of asphaltene flowing, not just a measurement of the non-dissolved component. This measurement can be made continuously, so that gives a time-series analysis of the percentage of asphaltene that is flowing in the oil. AI-based software has also been written to extract further information from the resonance data, such as the water-cut and gas-oil ratio. Operators can use this combined information to optimize their flow-assurance strategies, for example, to give immediate feedback on the result of changing an inhibitor or dispersant.
 An initial version of the tool was deployed for a field-test in Abu Dhabi in Q4, 2017. Data from the system was transmitted via the cloud to asphaltene experts remotely monitoring the data. The resolution of the device proved better than expected, which allowed the system to give a previously unseen dynamic view of asphaltene chemistry. One surprise was that the asphaltene percentage might vary significantly over the course of a few hours, even when the surface pressure and flow-rates stayed the same. Troublesome wells had the highest standard deviation which gives a new key performance indicator (KPI) for flow assurance risk. Another unexpected result was that surface asphaltene levels would drop for a few days after a xylene soak, before slowly returning back to their baseline. This indicates that a freshly-cleaned tubular is more attractive for asphaltene deposition, and stays that way until a sufficiently thick asphaltene coating has accumulated.
 Based on these results, additional hardware has been delivered to Abu Dhabi to begin a long-term pilot study on the use of electron resonance data for asphaltene management. Moreover, the device opens up to the oilfield traditional laboratory uses of electron resonance such as identification of kerogen maturity and geochemical rock typing.


—The advantages of millimeter-wave and large an- tenna arrays technologies for accurate wireless localization have received extensive attentions recently. However, how to further improve the accuracy of wireless localization, even in the case with obstructed line-of-sight, is largely undiscovered. In this paper, the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is introduced into the system to make the positioning more accurate. First, we establish the three-dimensional RIS-assisted wireless localization channel model. After that, we derive the Fisher information matrix and the Cram´er-Rao lower bound for evaluating the estimation of absolute mobile station position. Finally, we propose an alternative optimization method and a gradient decent method to optimize the reflect beamforming, which aims to minimize the Cram´er-Rao lower bound to obtain a more accurate estimation. Our results show that the proposed methods significantly im- prove the accuracy of positioning, and decimeter-level or even centimeter-level positioning can be achieved by utilizing the RIS with a large number of reflecting elements. beamforming


Abstract The topic we are referring to has been debated on various occasions, but our approach aims on one hand the importance of physical exercises and their impact on a category of students, namely those in higher art education system, and on the other hand brings to attention some age-related changes, namely the succession of forms corresponding to the functional changes in time of our body. The period of evolution within this context corresponds to the growth stage up to 20 years. The growth and development of the musculoskeletal system in length, width and depth alternate according to a specific rhythm that allows periods of division. Thus, there are periods of growth in human life, mainly in terms of width and periods of growth in height, which alternate once at 3 or 4 years. Seeveral chronicles and statistics prove that young people's body with good physical condition has withstood the hardships of life in a much higher ratio than those who are not in fit. We know very well that a harmonious body is a preventative medicine against diseases and a body accustomed to physical exercises gives teenagers an extra dose of protection. According to the American Heart Association, physical inactivity increases the risk of stroke and amplifies other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as: obesity, high blood pressure, LDL cholesterol ("bad") and diabetes. This topic is all the more important as it's about student artists who face certain problems related to the development of the human body under the conditions imposed by a profession, many of them being forced to adopt certain body positions for a long time either in front of the easel or with the violin in their hand, or on scaffolding, on mural or restoration sites. In fact, we have raised these issues in other articles and also at some symposium communications. We want to contribute to the training of young artists through the recommendations and programs provided in anatomy and sports culture so that this information is understandable and, at the same time, becomes a decision-maker in psycho-physical and, implicitly, in professional development.


The original idea of the ionized cluster beam thin film deposition technique was based upon producing, ionizing and accelerating beams of atoms clusters from vaporized material onto a substrate in a vacuum environment using a supersonic jet source. However, the conditions and nozzles for this cluster synthesis found so far require rather high stagnation pressures (more than 1 atm) which is impractical for many materials with lower vapor pressures than, for example, zinc. Simulation of this process using classical nucleation theory and one-dimensional gas flow equations is described here. This approach is an extension of previous methods used for simulation of condensation of water vapor during supersonic expansion in nozzles and the simulation mechanism of large clusters from vaporized solid materials. Zinc cluster sizes predicted by the model are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with our experimental results. Simulation results are discussed in terms of the best nozzle geometry which will result...


A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of chromium on root morphology of two important vegetables crops, viz., tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena), irrigated with water having four different concentrations of Cr (0.1, 0.5, 2.5 and 7.5 ppm). Plants irrigated with normal water were used as control (0 ppm). Presence of Cr in irrigation water adversely affected all the parameters used for characterizing root growth, namely, root biomass, root length, root surface area, root length density, root volume, number of root forks, crossings and tips. Root fresh weight of tomato decreased by 80% in 7.5 ppm Cr treatment as compared to control, while in brinjal, it decreased by 63% for the corresponding treatments. In case of root length density also, it decreased from 528.10 cm/m3/pot in control to 133.46 cm/m3/pot in 7.5 ppm treatment in tomato, and 428.76 to 176.31 cm/m3/pot in the corresponding treatments in brinjal. Similar trends were observed in all other morphological parameters including the number of root forks, crossings and tips. The reduction in all root parameters characters was more pronounced beyond the concentration of 0.1 ppm in tomato and brinjal. Over all, tomato was more sensitive to Cr than brinjal.


Previous studies have demonstrated that the NZM2410/NZW 'z' allele of Sle1 on telomeric murine chromosome 1 led to lymphoproliferative autoimmunity, when acting in concert with the FAS(lpr) defect on the C57BL/6 background. The present report shows that the Sle1b sub-locus, harboring the NZM2410/NZW 'z' allele of SLAM, in epistasis with FAS(lpr), may be sufficient to induce lymphoproliferative autoimmunity. Disease in this simplified genetic model is accompanied by significant activation of the AKT signaling axis in both B- and T cells, as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR, 4EBP-1 and p70S6K, resulting from increased PI3K and reduced PTEN activity. In addition, blocking this axis using RAD001, an mTOR inhibitor, ameliorated lymphoproliferation and modulated serum IgG anti-nuclear auto-antibodies. Finally, mTOR inhibition also dampened signaling via parallel axes, including the MAPK and NFkB pathways. Hence, hypersignaling via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis appears to be an important mechanism underlying autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease, presenting itself as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.


How to cite this paper: Abdel-Azim, M. H., & Soliman, S. (2020). Board of directors' characteristics and bank performance: Evidence from the Egyptian banking sector. Journal of Governance & Regulation,


For vehicle external aerodynamic computation, the selection of the turbulence model is very important. In current research, ten RANS turbulence models were introduced to compute the time-averaged flow field around the Ahmed model with 25° backlight angle. In order to evaluate the feasibility of the turbulence model, the results were compared with the related published experimental data. The results showed that the two equations RANS turbulence models were more favorable to compute the vehicle external flow field, but parts of the two equations turbulence model just could predict the aerodynamic drag coefficient or lift coefficient effectively. However, the results further revealed that the realizable k-ε could obtain the more accurate drag coefficient and lift coefficient simultaneously, and simulate the complex separation flow in the wake.


The proportion of power consumption of cement grinding in the total power consumption of cement production is about 65%~75%,so it has very important significance to reduce the power consumption of cement grinding in our country.In this paper,there are important technical measurements,such as the proper grinding technique,scientific improvement of grinding system,application of grinding aid to realize the goal of energy conservation and consumption reduction.


Two dimensional (2D) layered materials have recently attracted significant research interest owing to their unique physical and chemical properties for efficient electrochemical energy storage devices. Here, we present a neoteric approach to fabricate high performance MoS₂ thin film supercapacitor electrodes by using a direct magnetron sputtering technique. The novel three-dimensional (3D) porous structure of the MoS₂ film exhibits an excellent capacitance of ∼330 F cm⁻³ along with a high volumetric power and energy density of 40–80 W cm⁻³ and 1.6–2.4 mW h cm⁻³, respectively. Moreover, the optimized MoS₂ electrode shows an outstanding cyclic stability, yielding capacitance retention over 97% after 5000 cycles of charging/discharging. The contemporary approach to MoS₂ supercapacitor electrode fabrication will enable new opportunities in flexible electronic and energy devices.


During the period from 1982 to 1985 and at the beginning of 1986 floristic and faunistic compositions and distributions of benthic communities of southwestern rocky coast of Istra and of deeper mobile bottoms of open waters towards the IVANA field were studied. Benthic flora consisted of 245 species and intraspecific taxa of multicelular algae (Rhodophyta 146 taxa, Phaeophyta 57 taxa, Chlorophyta 42 taxa) and 2 species of seagrasses. Regarding quality and quantity zoobenthic settlements are well developed and cover 299 macrozoobenthic species from nine sistematic groups. The distribution of these settlements at deeper mobile bottoms of the open part is characterized by high total and mean values, but showes considerable variations in relation to the mechanical structure of the sediment at certain parts of the studied area. Ichthyological (groundfish stock) settlements are well developed at mobile bottoms of the wider area of the IVANA and IKA fields which is well confirmed by the rather high total amounths of the quantity of the zoobenthos of 47 50 t, of which the edible part ( fish, crustaceans, shellfish and cephalopoda), total 6680 t and nonedible 41270 t. From the point of view of fisheries and economy the wider area of gas fields, due to the abundancy and variability of edible resources, represents a significant part of the open Adriatic fishing grounds.


The flooding property of a novel preformed particle gel(PPG) was studied by long core displacement for the purpose of enhancing the oil displacement results.Through physical simulation experiment,the oil displacement results of heterogeneous combination flooding were evaluated.Results showed that PPG can be used for the development of low permeability areas with high efficiency.Under the experimental condition of a dual sand-packed tube flooding with the interlayer heterogeneity of 5,the heterogeneous combination flooding system composed of the PPG,surfactants and polymer after polymer flooding could improve the oil recovery by 19.8% 。


Mass spectrometric mapping of proteomic lysate of a MCF-7 cancer cell line was carried out, which identified 153 proteins having molecular weights of 5000 to 630000 Da, a high proportion of which was cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. The latter accounted for 60 % of their total number whereas the proportion of extracellular and membrane proteins constituted 13 %. After using some selection criteria to analyze the findings, the authors present a list of 31 potential biomarkers and describe 12 promising breast anticancer therapeutic targets.


Sarma 1 provides erroneous and misleading information with several flaws. He seems to be totally unaware that the University Grants Commission (UGC)- approved list of journals stands cancelled since 14 June 2019. It has been replaced by the UGC-CARE (Consortium for Academic and Research Ethics) Reference List of Quality Journals (UGCCARE List). CARE has been established by UGC on 14 November 2018. Details are available at the UGC-CARE website (http://ugccare.unipune.ac.in).


Plant lignans are natural products resulting from the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway. Lignans are of considerable interest in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. After a survey on plants containing lignan, Jatropha Gossypifolia (J.G) with lignan Arylnaphthalene was selected, which showed structural similarity with synthesized lignan (1-phenylnaphthalene). Plant Jatropha Gossypifolia has potent anticancer activity, have already been proved by various researchers. In a follow-up study, the lignans synthesized in our laboratory were also tested for its invitro cytotoxic activity using MTT assay. The results were found to be significant. A simple, rapid and specific method for the analysis of structurally similar lignan in the plant Jatropha Gossypifolia with synthetic organic compound (1-phenylnaphthalene) by a sensitive High Performance Liquid Chromatography technique is developed. The lignan peak was separated from endogenous peaks on phenomenex ODS 5μ C18 column (250 x 4.6mm) with mobile phase comprising of phosphate buffer: acetonitrile (70:30), pH-2 at a flow rate of 1ml/min and Ultra Violet detector at 230nm. Lignan 1-phenylnaphthalene was eluted at 4.047 minute and lignan from plant J.G was eluted at 4.077 minute.


The system of an iron phthalocyanine molecule on the Au(111) surface, has been studied recently due to its peculiar properties. In particular, several surprising results of scanning tunneling spectroscopy changing the position of the molecule and applying magnetic field can be explained by the {\it non-Landau} Fermi liquid state of a 2-channel spin-1 Kondo model with anisotropy. The localized orbitals near the Fermi level are three, one of symmetry $z^2$ and two (nearly) degenerate $\pi$ orbitals of symmetry $xz$ and $yz$. Previous studies using the numerical renormalization group neglected one of these orbitals to render the problem tractable. Here we investigate, using a slave-boson mean-field approximation, if the splitting $S$ between $\pi$ orbitals caused by spin-orbit coupling (SOC) justifies this approximation. We obtain an abrupt transition from a 3-band regime to a 2-band one at a value of $S$ which is about 1/3 of the atomic SOC for Fe, justifying the 2-band model for the system.


Pumped storage power plants face many challenges in competing in the electricity market, and high pumping costs lead to high prices for their power generation, which is one of the important factors that has limited their development. To address this problem, this paper studies the pumped storage two-part tariff mechanism considering wind power accommodation and uses the peak-valley price difference of wind power to realize the rationality and economy of a pumped storage charging and discharging strategy. It can improve the competitiveness of pumped storage power plants participating in electricity market transactions. Then, by considering the economic advantages of "pumped storage + clean energy", a pumped storage and wind power joint optimal dispatching model was established based on the original pumped storage pricing method. This model takes the total system cost reduction after the introduction of pumped storage as the objective function to derive a reasonable pumped storage strategy. After which, the two-part tariff for pumped storage power plants was formulated based on the principle of reasonable revenue. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of various relevant parameters of the power plant was conducted through case studies to verify the effectiveness of the two-part tariff mechanism of pumped storage. It was found that the electricity tariff is lowest when the ratio of plant capacity to upper reservoir capacity is 1:6.37 (MW/million m3).


The design and development of a visual computer system for the modelling and simulation of human movements are described. A multimedia language named HAL (Human Animation Language) allows human figure movements to be generated in a graphical and intuitive way, accomplishing human-computer interaction through a 3D icon-graphic interface. In the language implementation, the object-oriented programming methodology is used. In order to validate the proposed language, a specific development environment, named "choreographic creation", has been designed. A PC system has been considered in order to provide better user accessibility.


We constructed limbic system subtractive cDNA library of normal macaque and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) macaque with liver-Qi invasion syndrome. The gene sequences in macaque cDNA library were detected and analyzed systematically. Some genes especially neurotransmitter and hormone receptors genes were selected which related to PMS with liver-Qi invasion syndrome. Subtractive cDNA library construction successfully provided solid foundation to clarify differential expression genes of PMS with liver-Qi invasion syndrome.


We study the formation of Fano resonances in excitonic states in quantum wells. The quasi-2D excitons are modeled by an effective 2D Coulomb interaction. In this approach, uncoupled excitons originate from different pairs of subbands. The 3D character of the Coulomb attraction couples the excitons having the same in-plane symmetry. A typical Fano resonance is formed in the absorption spectra and is characterized by a broadening of the bound exciton peak and a dip in the continuum background


loading experiments provide of novel Biological nitrogen fixation is carried out by various bacteria and archaea (diazotrophs), which can be free-living or plant symbionts. Despite potentially low per-cell N 2 fixation rate, free-living diazotrophs are of great global importance since they are widely distributed in the environment. However, knowledge about the identity and ecophysiology of free-living diazotrophs is still limited. We developed a toolbox for studying active, free-living diazotrophs using 15 N 2 stable-isotope labelling, molecular tools and single-cell analysis techniques. Soil samples were incubated with 15 N 2 . The incorporation of 15 N was used to identify active diazotrophs and as a measure of diazotrophic activity. By tracing the accumulation of 15 N into different biomolecules, particularly RNA, detection of diazotroph activity occurred sooner than when bulk soil was analysed and as quickly as within one day of incubation. To identify active diazotrophs we developed an RNA-stable isotope probing assay ( 15 N-RNA-SIP), which allows detecting 15 N-enriched diazotrophs within a few days of activity. Compared to DNA-SIP, this method could allow a more rapid identification of diazotrophs. By comparing the sequence abundance in different fractions of the density gradient, specific OTUs were identified as labelled using a differential expression model. Using this method, several OTUs classified as Clostridia, Bacilli, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were identified as active diazotrophs. The activity of diazotrophs identified by <15 N-RNA-SIP can then be verified using the FISH-NanoSIMS approach. In summary, these tools allow identifying and investigating active free-living diazotrophs in a highly sensitive manner in diverse environments, from bulk to the single-cell level. Stable isotope probing and dynamic loading experiments provide insight into the ammonia oxidizing clades that enable them to co-exist in this unique environment. Experiments were conducted using sand columns designed and operated to mimic the conditions in the full-scale parent RSF. RNA and DNA stable isotope probing based on 13 C-bicarbonate incorporation during continuous feeding with either ammonium or nitrite as sole energy source implicated Nitrospira spp. and certain 'heterotrophic' bacteria in addition to Nitrosomonas spp. in autotrophy during ammonium oxidation in RSFs. Further experimentation aimed to elucidate the ecophysiology of each ammonia oxidizing clade in RSFs, in particular comammox Nitrospira for which little is currently known. Columns were fed with RSF effluent spiked with various concentrations of ammonium ranging from 0.1- 5.0 mg/L delivered at different loading rates to examine the effects of both ammonium loading and oxygen limitation on ammonia oxidizers. Our observations indicate that the native conditions in the RSF used in this study foster the enrichment of comammox Nitrospira , which provides a preliminary step in the description of their ecophysiology. Phytoplankton models can provide important insights for ecosystem research and management. The existing models were originally developed in the 1970s based on simplified concepts (e.g., Monod kinetics) and generally have not been updated to include modern biology, which limits their utility. Here, we present a dynamic, mechanistic, molecular-level (i.e., gene, transcript, protein, metabolite) model of Anabaena – N interaction. The model simulates individual filaments, each with individual cells, each with genes that are expressed to yield transcripts and proteins. Cells metabolize various forms of N, grow and divide, Biological nitrogen fixation is an important source of new production in subtropical North Pacific Ocean. However, the community composition and limiting factors of the diazotrophs in the subtropical Western North Pacific Ocean (WNPO) is still unclear. In this study, we reported the diazotrophic community structure, as well as the abundance and activities of the important phylotypes in the highly dynamic West Philippine Sea (WPS) of the WNPO, using 454-pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR). At community level, unicellular cyanobacteria UCYN-A2 was predominant in coastal water, while UCYN-A1 and Gammaproteobacteria γ-24774A11 were predominant in oceanic water. Trichodesmium was predominant in Kuroshio Current (KC), warm eddy and cold eddy. At cDNA level, Trichodesmium and γ-24774A11 contributed majority (> 90 %) of the nifH gene transcripts in the WPS. In addition, we have detected a bloom of Trichodesmium (10^8 gene copies per liter) in the cold eddy, and the abundance of Trichodesmium was strongly and positively correlated with iron concentration ( r = 0.84, p- value < 0.05, n = 8). Our results suggested that cold eddy may play an important role in the dynamic of nitrogen fixation process in the subtropical WNPO. Moreover, we suggest that diazotrophs in the WPS should be limited by iron availability. can imply a higher environmental fertilization and caused variation in microbial response which statistically from measured nitrogen pools, optimize approaches the of different management practices on Recent findings suggest that marine oxygen-minimum zones (OMZs) are not only major areas of N loss but also hot-spots of N 2 fixation. nifH gene sequencing has revealed a large diversity of N 2 -fixers inhabiting the OMZs, however, little is known about the physiology of these organisms due to the lack of cultured representatives. Here, we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first diazotroph isolated from the OMZ off Peru in the South Pacific Ocean. Genome sequencing of the isolate indicates that it is a member of the Rhodobacteraceae family (Rhodobacterales, α-Proteobacteria). The closed genome has a total size of 4.6 Mb and a GC content of about 65%. The isolate carries a complete set of nif genes as well as the Rhodobacter -characteristic rnf genes for N 2 fixation. Sequence analyses show the absence of any inorganic carbon fixation pathways indicating a heterotrophic metabolism. Further, both aerobic as well as anaerobic respiratory pathways are present, possibly to retain metabolic versatility during changing oxygen concentrations in the OMZ waters. Closely related nifH sequences have been recovered from a variety of marine environments indicating that this organism might be widespread in the ocean. terrestrial systems. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) of colonial N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria belonging to the genera Nodularia , Dolichospermum and Aphanizomenon are a recurrent phenomenon in the Baltic Sea during summertime. It has been suggested that these HABs are triggered by excess phosphate (P), and collapse at the end of summer as a result of P limitation. We used imaging techniques to investigate how carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation by the three N 2 -fixers responded to P-limitation in the Baltic Sea in the summer of 2015. In situ incubations with hand-picked colonies and radiolabeled phosphate revealed that a drop in phosphate concentrations below ~150 nmol/L leads to a several fold decrease in phosphate uptake rates by the N 2 -fixers. In contrast, single cell activity measurements using nanoSIMS showed that CO 2 and N 2 fixation rates were unaffected even when phosphate concentrations dropped to ~30 nmol/L. Dissolved organic phosphorus concentrations remained stable at ~500 nmol/L throughout the experiment indicating that organic P did not support the observed growth. In all three genera of colonial N 2 -fixers, the presence of P-storage granules was revealed by nanoSIMS and SEM-EDX measurements. We suggest that P-storage support growth of the N 2 -fixers under P-limiting conditions and plays a key role in determining the success of N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria during summertime HAB events in the Baltic Sea. remediation in The main results are follow: (1) The main nitrogen form in groundwater was NH 4+ -N in study site and showed spatial-temporal heterogeneity; (2) The main nitrogen metabolism bacteria in this site were ammonia oxidizing bacteria, nitrite reducing bacteria and nitrous oxide reducing bacteria. The dominant species was β-Proteobacteria ; (3) The soil layers of the traditional MSL were replaced by organic layers that were a mix of saw dust and bran embedded with denitrification incula. Results showed that in the initial running period, almost all the nitrogen in groundwater was removed by strong sorption of the system. But after reached the sorption balance, nitrogen metabolic microbial contributed mainly to nitrogen removal in the polluted groundwater. The main types of nitrogen metabolic microbial were ammonia oxidizing bacteria, nitrous oxide reductase bacteria and ammonia oxidizing archaea. The dominant microbe in the system was β-Proteobacteria. Nitrogen fixation by the gut microbiota is an important nitrogen source for wood-feeding termites, but the identity of the bacteria responsible for the activity and their numerical abundance among the gut microbiota is largely obscure. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing of amplified nifH genes to characterize the potential diazotrophs in various termite families and in related cockroaches, which considerably increased taxon sampling and diversity coverage over previous studies. Ordination analyses showed a clear clustering of the diazotrophic communities among cockroaches ( Blattidae ) and higher termites ( Termitidae ). A discrete clustering was also obtained for lower termites, although they were not fully resolved at family level. While the majority of the nifH sequence reads fell into the radiation of classical nitrogenases (mostly Group III), a relatively large proportion belonged to Group IV, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is an acidophilic iron-oxidizing autotroph with the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, which allows this bacterium to survive in extremely nutrient-poor environments, e.g., acid-mine drainages. It is known tha


o In a recent letter in this journal, Liuet al. drew a conclusion on the mechanism responsible for the semi-insula properties of GaAs epilayers grown by molecular beam taxy ~MBE! at low-substrate temperatures and subseque annealed. They concluded that their experiments suppo the ''arsenic antisite defect'' model 2 and not the ''buried Schottky barrier'' model. 3 We question some of their inte pretations of the experimental data that led to this con sion. When GaAs is grown at low substrate temperatures MBE with otherwise normal growth conditions, excess As incorporated. These low-temperature-grown ~LTG! GaAs epilayers are of high crystal quality 4 in spite of containing as much as 2% excess arsenic in the form of point defe 5


Public health workers and primary care physicians may work toward the same goal — healthier people — but bringing the two fields together is not a simple task. Just ask Catherine McLaughlin.


whichmayadverselyaffecttheirfunctionalstatusandquality of life. Data are beginning to accumulate in survivorsof the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)suggesting that these patients also expe-riencesignificantneurocognitiveandfunc-tional morbidity after critical illness andintensivecareunit(ICU)treatment.


We have examined the effect of neutrophil concentration on killing of a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Human neutrophils at concentrations varying from 105 to 107 per ml were mixed in suspension with S. epidermidis at concentrations varying from 103 to 108 colony-forming units/ml, and the concentration of viable bacteria was assayed after various times at 37°C. The rate of bacterial killing depended on the concentration of neutrophils and not on the ratio of neutrophils to bacteria. Below a critical concentration of neutrophils, bacteria growth was greater than neutrophil killing of bacteria even when the ratio of neutrophils to bacteria was 100:1. We fitted the time course of bacterial concentration and its dependence on neutrophil concentration with an exponential function, the exponent of which is (−kp + g)t, where k is the second-order rate constant for bacterial killing, p is the neutrophil concentration, g is the first-order rate constant for bacterial growth, and t is time. We found that k ≈ 2 × 10−8 ml per neutrophil per min, and g ≈ 8 × 10−3/min. Only when p is greater than g/k, which we call the critical neutrophil concentration, does the bacterial concentration fall. Under optimal assay conditions, the critical neutrophil concentration was 3–4 × 105 per ml, a value very close to that (≤5 × 105 per ml) known to predispose humans to bacterial and fungal infections.


The current situation and existing problem on the registration and protection of citrus geographical indications in China were analyzed in detailed,on the basis of collecting relevant data and carrying out field survey.Based on the above,some suggestions were proposed for the future development of citrus geographical indication protection in China.


A membrane mirror prototype of Φ300 mm diameter was developed and optically tested.Basic optical parameters of membrane mirror were tested by Gaussian optics.The results show that relations between basic parameters of membrane mirror and the applied voltages are consistent with shaping theory.The surface shape characteristics and optical testing methods of membrane mirror are discussed.Laser interferometer was used to test the plat surface when voltages were zero,and the RMS(root mean square) value of surface error was 1.03λ(λ=632.8 nm).Hartmann testing was used to test membrane mirror surface with radius,and the result shows that RMS value of surface error changes from 24.1 μm to 14.7 μm when different multi-electrode voltages are used for optimization.This validates that multiple electrodes with different voltages optimize the surface accuracy of membrane mirror.


The problem concerned the removal of pollutants from gaseous streams emerging from an industrial process. In this case, the removal of H25 and C 52 from air is accomplished by means of a bioreactor with supported microorganisms. The pollutants are first absorbed in water, and then they are transported to the biofilm where the micro-organisms transform them. The process is shown schematically in Figure 1. It is believed that the following global reactions take place in the biofilm:


This article explores the development of Japan's ways, means, and ends of engaging the Indo-Pacific island states, particularly the Pacific Islands. In so doing, it analyses how Japan situates those island states in its Free and Open Indo-Pacific vision, what national interests Japan has for the Pacific Islands, and how Japan approaches the Pacific island states bilaterally and multilaterally. The paper then briefly examines Japan's policy toward other island states, namely Sri Lanka and Maldives, in comparison with the Pacific Islands and discusses the future prospect of Japan's strategic engagement with the Indo- - Pacific island states.


A novel thermoresponsive Cu(II) ion-imprinted hydrogel [Cu(II)-IIH] with interpenetrating network structure has been prepared to remove Cu(II) ions with high selectivity. The Cu(II)-IIH was prepared by free radical/cationic hybrid photopolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and triethylene glycol divinyl ether (DVE-3) using Cu(II) ion as template. The Cu(II)-IIH was used to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solution at 20 and 40oC. The Cu(II)-IIH selectively bound the template ion above a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). The memory was fixed by shrinking above the LCST, and was deleted by swelling below the LCST. Selective adsorption study indicated that ion imprinting resulted in stronger affinity of the Cu(II)-IIH toward Cu(II) ions than other competitor metal ions compared with the non-imprinted hydrogel (NIH).


Pascal Colin is in charge of environmental issues for the Ministry of Overseas France. On the occasion of the final seminar LIFE + CAP DOM, he reaffirms the Ministry support to the project.


A new parameter, hard-to-remove (HR) water content, was recently defined as the moisture ratio at the onset point between the constant and falling rate zones in an isothermal cellulose drying process and was further investigated with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) characterization in this study. The linear relationship between the HR water content and the water retention value (WRV) was explained by the combined results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and DSC. The drying order of different classes of water was quantitatively verified. We found that free water was evaporated first, followed by trapped water, freezing-bound water, and then nonfreezingbound water, with some overlap. This was found for bleached, unbleached, and mechanical pulp. It was also found that the HR water mass is a combination of trapped water, freezing-bound water, and nonfreezing-bound water. Trapped water could be described as water that is not bound to the fibers, but is difficult to evaporate. For the pilot paper machine samples, all the water in the wet web after pressing and entering the dryer section, was found to be entirely HR water with no free water detected. Based on the results, a qualitative drying model of cellulose fibers is proposed with regard to decreasing moisture ratio. This model is valid for different types of wood-based cellulose fibers.


This paper addresses the limitations and difficulties, in terms of DC-current density restrictions, and process limitations, associated with implementing impedance inverters with high characteristic impedance for monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs). It is theoretically shown that impedance inverters with high characteristic impedance can be realized by utilizing the output capacitance of the active devices, together with a compact Tee-network of transmission lines with feasible linewidths. The utility of the impedance inverter is proven by design and fabrication of a GaN MMIC-DPA for microwave link applications. Continuous wave (CW) measurements demonstrate a maximum output power of 35±0.5dBm over a frequency range of 6.6-8.5 GHz. The power added efficiency (PAE) in 9 dB output power back-off (OPBO) is better than 30% in a frequency range of 6.7-7.8 GHz. Moreover, linearized modulated measurements, employing a 10 MHz 256-QAM signal with 7.8 dB peak to average power ratio (PAPR), demonstrate higher than 35% average PAE, with 27.5 ± 0.2 dBm average output power, and an adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) less than -45 dBc, across a 6.8-8.5 GHz frequency range. The fabricated chip-size measures 2.1 mm × 1.5mm.


Ittrich's method for the determination of total estrogens in urine (1) was adapted for automation on the AutoAnalyzer, using a continuous digester module for the combined operation of phase exchange and color development.

The automated method gave good recovery and reproducibility, and correlated well with the manual method. It increased the capacity of this laboratory for estrogen determinations, improved the turnover rate, and reduced the labor involved to a minimum.


A considerable number of fishes in the temperate-zone rocky intertidal habitats of Pacific North America commonly engage in air breathing during low-tide periods. These include species in the families Stichaeidae, Pholididae, and Cottidae. Although amphibious air-breathing ability is well known for several tropical/subtropical and Mediterranean fishes, it has been less studied in cold-water marine fishes. Our measurements of aerial and aquatic oxygen consumption rates in five species show different patterns, but all species can respire aerially for extended periods of time (hours). The cottids Ascelichthys rhodorus and Oligocottus maculosus had significantly reduced respiratory rates in air (56% and 63% of aquatic VO,, whereas the cottids 0. snyderi and Clinocottus globiceps and the stichaeid Anoplarchus purpurescens had equivalent rates in air and in water. Mass-independent 0, consumption rates in water were equivalent for all five species, but the mass-independent aerial rate for C. globiceps (113 ;l 0, g-_67 h-') was roughly twice the aerial rates of the three other cottids.


A block data generating method in a wireless communication system is provided to optimize the header of the block data, thereby enhancing the transmission efficiency. The data of three RLC(Radio Link Control) SDU(Service Data Unit)s are included into one RLC PDU(Packet Data Unit). End portion of the RLC SDU 1 is firstly included and at the next, the entire of the RLC SDU 2 is included next. The first portion of the RLC SDU 3 is lastly included. LI expresses a boundary surface between the RLC SDUs and two LIs are needed. LI1 expresses the boundary surface between RLC SDU 1 and RLC SDU 2 and LI2 expresses the boundary surface between RLC SDU 2 and RLC SDU 3. The value of LI1 has the length from the end portion of a header to the first boundary surface of RLC SDUs. LI1 expresses the length from the end portion of the header to the end portion of RLC SDU 1 included to the RLC PDU.


For more than a decade, it has been known that exponential convergence on discrete transport problems was possible using adaptive Monte Carlo techniques. An adaptive Monte Carlo method that empirically produces exponential convergence on a simple continuous transport problem is described.


The safety of passengers and operating personnel are the protection objectives at the heart of the fire protection planning of underground main and local railway stations. Rail transport interchanges with platforms on several levels and multiple operators place high demands on fire protection planning, involving protection objectives that can only be resolved by an appropriate combination of measures ranging over the building design, its plant and equipment systems, and operational arrangements.


Peter Phillips has produced a most provocative and useful article that will, I suspect, stimulate further research and debate both on unit roots in macroeconomic time-series and, more generally, on Bayesian techniques in time-series econometrics. Phillips' main results are that the inferences drawn from Bayesian analyses of unit roots are highly sensitive to the choice of the prior and, when the prior is chosen by a Jeffreys ignorance criterion, the evidence against the unit root hypothesis is much weaker than found in flat-prior Bayesian work. I am largely in sympathy with both conclusions and have no important criticism of Phillips' article. I also applaud his willingness to examine previous Bayesian analyses of the unit root problem that have produced considerable confusion among empirical macroeconomists. These remarks therefore raise some additional issues not emphasized by Phillips concerning the papers by, in Sims and Uhligs' (1988) terminology, the Bayesian unit rooters (Sims, 1988; Sims and Uhlig 1988; DeJong and Whiteman, 1989a,b,c; and Schotman and van Dijk, 1989). My argument has three main points. First, as Phillips aptly points out, from the classical (frequentist) perspective the flat-prior analysis of unit roots has some unsettling features, such as severely biased estimators and interval estimates with grossly incorrect asymptotic confidence levels. These puzzling results arise not just because of choice of priors, but more fundamentally because the classical and Bayesian techniques answer different questions. Second, as Sims (1988) and Sims and Uhlig (1988) emphasized, because of this discrepancy between the Bayesian and classical results, researchers must take a stand on whether they are classical or Bayesian statisticians. My personal view is that the classical framework is more satisfying and useful, for two reasons: I find the axiomatic development based on the likelihood principle uncompelling; and the Bayesian paradigm does not provide a useful way to communicate information to scientific audiences. Phillips and the Bayesian unit rooters provide one of the best examples of this second point: their disagreement over priors (of which there appears to be no ready resolution) leads to different posteriors, quite different results, and a general failure in information transfer. These arguments are made in the second section of this discussion. Third, one of Phillips' key arguments for his priors is that they come closest to producing classical confidence sets and produce unbiased (in a frequentist sense) point estimates. This raises the question: why adopt the artifice of a random coefficient and the additional burden of constructing a prior, if the goal is simply to produce results close to the classical ones? Why not simply use classical techniques instead? This is, as it turns out, not particularly difficult to do using recent research by Phillips and others in this area, and I discuss this in Section 3.


We introduce a probabilistic approach to simulate molecular biological processes controlled by appropriate statistical parameters. Our approach considers molecular biological processes based on strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): oligonucleotide synthesis, annealing, melting, union, ligation, digestion, strand end labeling, polymerisation, a nity puri cation, and gel electrophoresis with regard to frequently used laboratory techniques. The simulation on the molecular level allows prediction of experimental results including side e ects that can occur in the laboratory. Fields of application consist in experimental setup for genetic engineering as well as particularly in DNA computing. We point out that object oriented simulation is preferably suited for modeling those processes. Key-Words: object oriented simulation, stochastic processes, molecular biological processes, DNA computing, probabilistic approach, model for computation


The problem of recruitment and retention in medicine and nursing is complex, and the offer demonstrates a lack of understanding of motivation of healthcare professionals.


Various studies have been carried out to determine whether SiO 2 could be replaced by improved insulators in MOS structures and integrated circuits. These studies have been directed toward improving device performance and reducing the requirements for the "ultra clean" technology presently employed. In this paper we report on MOS transistors and integrated circuits fabricated using plasma grown Al 2 O 3 . The aluminum oxide is formed by depositing an aluminium film on a fresly cleaned silicon substrate and then anodizing in an oxygen plasma. All other steps in device fabrication use standard silicon technology.


1 To determine their contributions to GABAA receptor (GABAR) channel properties, rat γ2L and δ subunits were acutely co‐expressed with α1 and β3 subtypes in mouse L929 fibroblasts to produce α1β3, α1β3δ or α1β3γ2L GABAR isoforms. 2 With whole‐cell recording, the α1β3 isoform had relatively high sensitivity to GABA (EC50 2.1 μm) and low maximum current amplitude. The α1β1δ isoform had similar sensitivity to GABA (EC50 2.8 μm) and low current amplitude. The α1β3γ2L isoform had lower sensitivity to GABA (EC50 11.6 μm) and higher maximum current amplitude. 3 The single channel conductance of α1β3 channels was low (13 pS) compared with that of α1α3δ and α1β3γ2L channels (27 pS). 4 The single channel kinetic properties of the channels also differed. The α1β3γ2L channel exhibited three open states, while the α1β3 and α1β3δ channels exhibited only two open states with mean dwell times similar to those of the two shorter open states of the α1β3γ2L channel. All three channels exhibited at least five closed states. Bursts of α1β3δ channels consisted primarily of only one or two openings, while those of α1β3 channels contained multiple openings. α1β3γ2L channels exhibited burst kinetics typical for native GABARs with several long openings per burst. 5 These results show that the α1β3 heterodimer formed a GABA‐sensitive channel with complex gating kinetics. Addition of a δ subunit to form the α1β3δ heterotrimer altered the single channel conductance and the kinetic properties of the closed components, but did not affect the GABA sensitivity of the receptor nor the open state kinetics. In contrast, addition of a γ subunit (γ2L subtype) to produce the α1β3γ2L heterotrimer affected the GABA sensitivity, channel conductance and kinetic properties of both open and closed states.


As the buzzword phenomenon, procrastination holds a continued need for a comprehensive examination of its nature and the associated factors. The presented study explores the potential relationship between music taste, life style and the youngsters' procrastination through quantitative modelling. To handle the big set of survey statistics and the uncertainty caused by the data missingness, the combined methods of factor analysis, multiple imputation (MI) and Ordered logit regression are employed. The result reveals that the music preference for Hip-hop, AlternativeR and Opera have a significant effect on procrastination. Concerning the living habits, the eating habit and local authority (city/rural) also yield strong connection to the self-perceived procrastination. Implications for this procrastination research is discussed.


Two strains of myxoma virus isolated from naturally infected wild rabbits have been described. They showed similar clinical symptoms, the most striking feature being the flat primary lesion. In fifteen rabbits the Brecon strain gave a mean survival time of 26·3 days with a range of 17–47 days, and one recovery. Of 5 rabbits inoculated with the Durham strain three became clinically infected and two remained healthy, the latter were found to be fully susceptible on reinoculation. The three infected rabbits all recovered. The field strains of virus were compared with known myxoma strains—Glenfield, Cornwall, A & H and KM 13. The first three are fully virulent, while KM 13 is attenuated and characteristic of the field strains now being isolated in Australia. The similarity between the clinical symptoms and mean survival time of KM 13 and the Brecon strain was noted. It is suggested that the two field strains described in this paper may be the first indication that the evolution of myxoma virus in this country is similar to the evolution of the virus in Australia. One of us (P.J.C.) is greatly indebted to the Director for allowing this work to be carried out at M.R.E. whilst laboratory accomodation was being prepared at Worplesdon. We are grateful for the help and encouragement of Dr J. C. N. Westwood of M.R.E. To Prof. F. Fenner who gave us the Australian strains of myxoma virus and to Mr J. H. Darbyshire of the Central Veterinary Laboratory who supplied the tissues from which the two attenuated strains were isolated, we extend our thanks.


The objective of the research was to know the optimal length time of bali beef aging in order to produce the best quality of its organoleptic. Analyses used was Non Parametric Kruskal Wallis. If the results significantly different, it will be continued to Mann Whitney analyses. Treatments used were fresh beef without aging (P0), aging beef for 6 hours (P1), aging beef for 8 hours (P2) and aging beef for 10 hours (P3) on the same room temperature (28-29oC). Results showed that beef texture score decreased significantly different (P<0.05) from P0 to P3. The highest beef aromatic and colour of P0 significantly different (P<0.05) compare to the P1, P2, and P3. The tenderness of the P3 was the highest with score for 3.92 and significantly different (P< 0.05) than the P0, P1 and P2. The highest taste was the P2 with score for 3.46 significant different (P<0.05) than the P0, P1 and P3. The highest score of the beef acceptance totally was 4.08 of P1 significantly different (P<0.05) compare to the P0, P2, and P3. It can be concluded that the length time of bali beef aging could affect beef organoleptic and the optimal time to produce the best quality organoleptic of the beef is 6 hours.


Abstract Spores of Bacillus megaterium, opened by lysozyme, released an inner globular mass which was visible by phase contrast microscopy. Ruptured spores were observed, by whole mount electron microscopy, to be connected by thin filaments which could be removed by deoxyribonuclease, whereas the globular mass was relatively insensitive to this treatment. A nuclear fraction, isolated from cells and spores by differential sedimentation, contained most of the DNA as well as the DNA and RNA polymerases but relatively little RNA or protein. The polymerases resemble other bacterial polymerases except for template dependence. Only after DNase treatment did the RNA polymerase, previously in a tight complex with DNA, show a requirement for DNA or polyuridylate. The DNA polymerase responded to exogenous template, even in the nuclear fraction. The nuclear fraction isolated from spores was virtually indistinguishable from that obtained from growing vegetative cells. However, the amounts of protein, RNA, and DNA per cell did differ in the several stages of growth and sporulation.


Little empirical research investigates the grass-roots impact of state constitutional social-policy provisions without federal analogue. This paper examines the implementation and effects of state constitutional amendments in Georgia, Michigan, and Ohio that ban all forms of relationship recognition for same-sex couples. In-depth interviews of 75 gay and lesbian pairs in those jurisdictions reveal consequential direct and indirect effects of such Super-DOMAs on same-sex couples.


This paper will discuss how the family environment influences adolescents' anxiety disorder in a specific way, such as parenting style, family relationships, and members' attitudes towards sex and orientation. This research relies on studies and papers on Google Scholar and PubMed under the main keywords. All these reasons will negatively affect adolescents with a mental disorder, specifically anxiety disorder, which is typical for teenagers as it can share features of excessive fear and anxiety. We conducted research according to the adolescent age group suggested by WHO as between 10 to 19 in many ways, such as parenting style, family relationships, and attitudes toward sexual orientation. Parenting style refers to how parents communicate with adolescents. This family relationship is how two or more people feel and behave towards other, family members' attitude towards sexual orientation, which is a persons sexual identity about the gene to which they are attracted. If not treated immediately and continuously, anxiety disorder will negatively affect individuals due to its etiology generation by generation.


In the title compound, [Ni2(C16H18FN3O3)2(H2O)4](OH)(NO3), the cationic [Ni2(C16H18FN3O3)2(H2O)4]2+ building units are linked through Ni–Ocarboxylate and Ni—Namino bridges into a layer structure. The two independent nickel atoms lie on inversion centres: one adopts an NiO6 octahedral geometry, the other a trans-NiN2O4 octahedral arrangement. The charge-balancing hydroxide and nitrate ions are of half site occupancy each. A network of O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds helps to establish the packing.


In this paper, we propose a scheme that manages the Performance and resource of virtual machines that are used to host computing applications. As the size and complexity of modern computing systems keep increasing to meet the demanding requirements of Performance applications, manageability is becoming a important concern to achieve both performance and productivity computing. Meanwhile, virtual machine (VM) technologies have become well-liked in both industry and academia due to various features designed to ease system management and administration. While a VM-based environment can greatly help productivity on large-scale application system. In this paper, we provide an analytic framework for the performance analyzing either without running a system or in a run able real system. With these market trends toward virtual environments, many research groups are developing evaluation tools to check the performance of virtual systems and their overheads. However, the performance characterization in virtual environments has not been established yet for many challenging issues. However, achieving close to peak performance requires careful attention to a plethora of system details. The benefits of virtualization are typically considered to be server consolidation, (leading to the reduction of power and cooling costs) increased availability, isolation, ease of operating system deployment and simplified disaster recovery. One main challenge for virtualization, the need to maximize throughput with minimal loss of CPU and I/O efficiency.


Objective To investigate status and contributory factors of carotid atherosclerosis in middle age to elderly population in Datun community by Chaoyang District in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted,804 residents( male: 259; female:545) above 40 years of age in Datun community were selected. Subjects were screened for carotid atherosclerosis plaque,determined whether atherosclerosis plaque has existed in carotid artery using ultrasound,recorded the incident rate of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, and cigarette smoking. Results The detection rate of carotid atherosclerosis plaque in this community was 78. 6%,among this,the detection rate was 68. 8% in 40 ~ 59 years old group,84. 8% in60 ~ 85 years old group. The contributory factors to the severity of carotid atherosclerosis in this population included age,gender,smoking,alcohol drinking as well as value of high density lipoprotein. Conclusion In Datun community,the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis increased gradually with age,and incidence of male was higher than that of female. It is necessary to make smokers give up smoking and control alcohol drinking,to reduce the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis. High density lipoprotein is one protective factor of carotid atherosclerosis.


T h e associat ion of a n in t rac ran ia l t e r a t o m a wi th an ep igna thus is u n c o m m o n in the newborn in fan t and only ~ cases have been repor ted previously2 ,6 This is the repor t of an addi t iona l case. A t e r a t o m a is b o t h a t u m o u r and a congeni ta l mal format ion , composed of adu l t and embryonic t issues of different types, which m a y or m a y not be foreign to the pa r t s where i t is found. An epign a t h u s is a t e r a t o m a a t t ached to the roof of the m o u t h or pharynx . I n a review of the l i te ra ture on the subjec t of in t rac ran ia l t e r a t o m a of the newborn, Greenhouse and Neubuerge r 5 found ~5 cases reported. T h e y divided these in to three groups (Table 1) : 1) The largest consis ted of s t i l lbir ths and all except in the case repor ted b y Kraus , 6 were hydrocephal ics . 2) t tydrocepha l ics who died shor t ly af ter b i r th . 3) I n f an t s appa ren t ly normal a t b i r t h who, wi th in weeks, p resen ted a gradual en la rgement of the head. The sex ra t io was 1~ females to 6 males ; the sex was no t recorded in the o ther 7 cases. This repor t is concerned wi th a case of epign a t h u s associated wi th a cerebral t e ra toma . The la t t e r revealed itself as a calcified in t racerebra l zone on radiological examina t ion of the foetal head.


Teacher qualification system is a national professional licensing system for teachers, which is an important sign of the teacher's professionalization. The teachers' qualification is effective for life, which is one of the serious problems in the system of teacher qualification in China. It has restricted the teacher's professional development and is not in accordance with the trend of international teacher education. To address this problem, it is necessary to establish a regular identification system for teachers with the value orientation of teacher professional development. It puts emphasis on the identification of the teachers' qualification in different stages and by different levels with the developmental orientation. The system of three-level committee and the system of second-level yearly examination should be set up and connected with the continuous education and the teachers' employment and promotion. Besides, it is necessary to standardize the object, starting point, criterion, content, method and procedure of accreditation to ensure the effective implementation of the system of regular identification in practice.


Development of new molecular receptors capable of recognition of anions through noncovalent interactions has emerged into considerable research interest due to their biological and environmental relevance. Tripodal receptors bearing urea/thiourea functional groups could be employed in the binding of anions due to the directional conformation of two NH groups that favors the formation of a stable host–guest complex.Because of the enhanced acidity of sulfur atom compared to oxygen atom, a receptor with the thiourea functionality is expected to bind an anion strongly. During the course of this study, we have synthesized three novel thiourea receptors; tris[2-(4nitrophenylthioureaethyl]amine, tris[2-(3-nitrophenylthioureaethyl]amine and tris[2(pentafluorophenylthioureaethyl]amine and studied the anion bindings by a variety of techniques. Herein, we report the solid state evidence for full encapsulation of a sulfate anion within a dimeric capsule of a pentafluorophenyl substituted thiourea-functionalized tripodal receptor, via multiple Hbonding interactions with the six thiourea groups. We also report the complexation of fluoride with 4nitrophenyl substituted tripodal thiourea receptor which is stabilized by six H-bonds within the cavity. The details of the solid state structures and solution studies will be discussed during the presentation.


Background Unmet need for contraception increases unintended pregnancies and puts the health and reproductive rights of women at risk. Social determinants are associated with unmet need for contraception, but it is unclear if age is a social determinant of disparities in reproductive health-related outcomes in all Colombian women irrespective of marital status.Methods This study used the 2015 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey. The outcome of interest was the unmet need for contraception among 24,245 sexually active women aged 13-49. Age was associated with unmet need for contraception in Colombia through multivariate analysis. Absolute and relative inequalities were estimated using prevalence differences and odds ratios, respectively.Results The prevalence of unmet need was significantly higher in women in marital union aged 13 to 19 years old (19.8%), than their unmarried counterparts (16.8%), and all older age groups either married or unmarried. Women 13 to 19 years old [OR=2.98 (2.49-3.57)] and 20-29 year old [OR=1.71(1.48-1.97)] are more likely to have an unmet need for contraception than those 40-49-year-old.Conclusions Age disparities are barriers to attaining the Sustainable Development Goals for sexual and reproductive health. Cultural, social, and access barriers demand to tailor health care services to meet the needs of younger women to narrow the age gap.


We have implemented a snapshot FLARE sequence using a scan time of 320 ms for a 64 × 128 image. As in the conventional FLARE sequence the T2 weighting of the image can be altered by manipulating the phase encoding scheme with the position of the zeroth phase encoding effectively determining the amount of T2 weighting. Reducing the flip angle of the refocusing pulse reduces both the RF power deposition and the blurring in images of short T2 samples, at the expense of reduced signal and contrast. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.


The export trade in wild rubber occupies an important place in the nineteenth-century economic history of the Gold Coast and Asante, and the impetus which it gave to the future economic development of the country was greater than is commonly recognized. The timely development of this new product by African entrepreneurs and up-country producers in the 1880s enabled the colony to diversify its export bill at a time when flagging prices for palm products and dwindling supplies of ivory, monkey skins, and surface gold threatened economic stagnation. Between 1884 and 1898 Gold Coast rubber exports registered a twenty-five fold increase in volume, thereby placing the country among the top five rubber producers of the world. An analysis of the Gold Coast rubber trade contributes to the demolition of certain myths concerning the economically passive role of West Africans in the development of their own hinterlands. European agencies—whether mercantile or governmental—contributed only indirectly to the development of the local rubber trade. No doubt the general protection and opportunity for exercise of individual initiative which the British colonial government provided enabled the Gold Coast to escape the excesses of forced labour and expropriation which marred European concessionaire rubber operations in other parts of Africa. But it was chiefly the myriads of African merchants, middlemen and producers who supplied the driving force of the local trade during the nineteenth century. The rubber trade accelerated the pace of economic change in Asante and other interior states where the pull exerted by the sea-borne export sector previously had been minimal. It is clear that the number of people involved in trading generally—whether as middlemen or producers—increased greatly as a result of the lucrative returns to be gained from rubber tapping. With rubber trade expansion came a growing demand by producers for a wider range of European merchandise imports, plus the acceptance of a uniform metallic currency which facilitated market transactions throughout the interior. Finally, the profits saved from rubber tapping became an important source for indigenous capital investment in cocoa-farming, particularly in Asante.


New formal definition of the portfolio optimization problem is presented in the form of bi-level one. This bi-level formulation integrates the two general forms of the portfolio optimization for maximizing Return and minimizing Risk. Peculiarities of this new formulation are discussed and graphical interpretations are applied. Comparison with modified Sharpe portfolio problem is presented. The bi-level model is assessed with real data of assets from Bulgarian Stock Exchange.


Constant load variation and voltage level change is frequent in power system. It may be controlled by voltage profile improvement and congestion management. Congestion management can be performed via system current reduction using FACTS devices. In this work, system voltage deviation reduction has been performed by allocating STATCOM device. Fitness value comprising of real power loss and total voltage deviation has been reduced by placing UPFC device. Total line loading of the system has been decreased due to that placement. Differential Evolution (DE) has been chosen for suitable sizing and sitting of FACTS devices. IEEE 30 bus system has been considered as test system. Total voltage deviation has been observed to be decreased from 0.6471 p.u to 0.4561 p.u for STATCOM device with 90%increased load. Congestion has also been significantly decreased after UPFC placement using Differential Evolution algorithm.


As the result of Uruguay Round negotiations, Korea and Japan established tariff rate quotas (TRQs) for agricultural imports. Both countries allocate the TRQs with various methods that show different fill rates and welfare implications. The state trading enterprises play important roles in TRQ administration in both countries. The TRQs contributed to increased imports. However, the transparency and commercial consideration in administering the TRQs remain a concern and the access for some commodities seems to be less open than would be the case if quota amounts were made available on a purely commercial basis. The agricultural trade policies of Korea and Japan drew much attention during the negotiations leading to the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA). Before the Uruguay Round (UR), these countries and others had been using nontariff barriers and many domestic intervention measures in agriculture. Korea and Japan argued vigorously for maintaining their farm import barriers and subsidies, Throughout the UR negotiating process, Korea and Japan faced substantial counterarguments from agricultural exporting countries and countries pursuing agricultural policy reform, As a part of the URAA, Korea and Japan accepted tariffication for all of their agricultural commodities except rice, which received a waiver. Agricultural products with prior import bans (or very low access) faced minimum market access commitments as a part of tariff rate quota (TRQ) programs, others were required to maintain the current market access. The TRQs were created to facilitate the tariffication of quantitatively restricted products, For these items, exporting countries want more access to the market, while importing countries tend to


Cooling is a basic need for buildings in hot and sunny climates. In most countries the major source of cooling is electrical power based. During summer in hot climates there is an increase in electricity consumption due to cooling load. Pakistan is facing an electricity shortage crisis, which becomes worse in summer due to the high demand for cooling. The annual average insolation for Pakistan is 5-6 kWh/m/day, reaching 6-8 kWh/m/day in summer with sunshine of 10-13 hours a day, which gives suitable conditions for solar powered cooling system operation. TRNSYS software provides the possibility to simulate a complete solar air conditioning system integrated with a building. In this study, TRNSYS is used to model an absorption chiller operated by hot water from an evacuated tube collector. It is found that, with a hot water storage tank, a collector area of 12 m is sufficient to maintain the temperature in a room in a typical house at or below 26°C during the cooling season. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review by the scientific conference committee of SHC 2015 under responsibility of PSE AG.


Contents: 1. Introduction 2. The Social Context 3. The Party and Reform 4. The Impact of Glasnost 5. The Political Clubs 6. The Rise of the Popular Fronts 7. The Demand for Democracy 8. The New Politics: Actors and Issues 9. Problems of Organisation: The Democratic Parties 10. Problems of Organisation: The Democratic Movement 11. The Problem of Support 12. Conclusion Bibliography


1. Konpira Lanterns are the lanterns made of stone or metal dedicated by the worshippers of the Kotohira Shrine which lies at Kotohira, Nakatado District, Kagawa Prefecture. These lanterns, set along the highways of the worshippers and in the precincts of the Shrine, were once used for illumination and also kept as a remembrance of their pilgrimage to the Shrine.As there are inscribed on each lantern the name, the shop name and the dwelling place of the dedicator, and the date of his dedication, its investigation enables us to conjecture the state of traffic in old days.2. The subject of this investigation is chiefly about 328 Konpira Lanterns (excepting ones in the precincts of the Shrine) which are still existent in large numbers in the 10th year of Showa (1935) along each highway in the environs of Kotohira.Judging from the distribution of the lanterns, there ran radiately, with Kotohira as the center, five old highways-the Marugame highway and the Tadotsu highway in the north, the Iyo highway in the west, the Awa highway in the south and the Takamatsu highway in the east. These and the distribution of the lanterns on each are as follows:3. The most important of these highways was the Marugame highway. The distribution of the dedicators shows that this highway was passed by the worshippers in the wide area of the Pacific side of Japan, east of Bicchu (Okayama Prefecture). Marugame port prospered as the landing place of these worshippers.The Tadotsu highway ranked second. It was passed by the worshippers landing at Tadotsu port, on the Pacific side of Japan, west of Bingo (Hiroshima Prefecture) and on the coast of Japan Sea, having Tadotsu port as their landing place. Marugame port and Tadotsu port, though they were 4km. away from each other, coexisted and coprospered, because they had their own traffic route. But there were prosperity and decline on each port. Marugame port first prospered and Tadotsu port, flourishing next, usurped the prosperity of Marugame port.The Iyo highway was passed by the worshippers in Seisan (the western part of Kagawa Prefecture), in Iyo (Ehime Prefecture) and Tosa (Kochi Prefecture), the Awa highway by those in Awa (Tokushima Prefecture), and the Takamatsu highway by those in Tosan (the eastern part of Kagawa Prefectue). The last two highways were only the country roads.4. Most of the dedicators are private persons and parties that are called "Ko", the group of the worshippers. According to the classification of occupations, fishermen and boatmen stand foremost on each highway. This is chiefly because the Kotohira Shrine is conserated to the God of the Sea. It seems that the Kotohira Shrine had also a great influence on the belief of the populace, and on the main road, the Marugame highway, are found many lanterns offered by people of all classes-warriors, farmers, craftmen and merchants.5. As for the date of the dedicatory lanterns, the lantern dated "the 7th year of Genroku (1694)", which is the oldest, stands on the by-road of the Marugame highway. With the change of the times they increase in number. So it is supposed that "Konpiramairi", a pilgrimage to the Kotohira Shrine, was very popular at the latter period of the Edo era.The latest date of the lanterns, though it differs on each highway, is about the 10th year of Meiji (1877). After that new roads, the New Awa highway foremost, began to be opened one after another, and besides, when the railway was constructed between Marugame and Kotohira in the 22nd year of Meiji (1889), the traffic route to the Kotohira Shrine underwent a complete change.


The mammalian neocortex consists of repeated structural and functional units known as columns, spanning the six layers of the isocortex. A column encompasses different types of neurons sharing common response properties to afferent inputs. The coding and processing of information in local microcircuits comprised of interconnected neurons from different populations define the functional properties of the columns, and can be regarded as the basis of information processing in the cortex. The barrel cortex of the rat, which receives sensory information from the facial whiskers of the animal, provides a useful model system for investigating the properties of microcircuits, since the columnar structure is well defined with each large barrel-related column receiving its primary input from one facial whisker. In this thesis, the detailed distribution of connections formed by neuronal populations in the local microcircuitry onto the dendrites of large layer V intrinsically burst firing (IB) pyramidal cells of the rat barrel cortex was investigated. These neurons have large dendritic trees consisting of subdomains with different intrinsic properties, suggesting that the specific position of individual synapses on the dendrites could be critical. Layer V IB pyramidal neurons have been shown to play a critical role in learning processes as well as the modulation of ongoing behaviour in the awake animal. Simulations and analysis of extensive datasets from mapping of functional connections between layer V IB neurons and local neuronal populations were carried out using an experimentally constrained single neuron model. Simulation results suggest that projections from neurons located in the local and neighbouring columns of the rat barrel cortex selectively target the basal and proximal apical dendritic domains of the layer V IB neurons. Feedback connections from higher cortical areas critical in learning processes are known to selectively target the distal apical tufts of layer V pyramidal cells, thus the findings in this thesis suggest the existence of a functional segregation of the inputs to different dendritic subdomains correlated with the intrinsic properties of the dendritic compartments that they target.


Relevance of the study. The evolution and the very phenomenon of the Salzburg Festival go hand in hand with the history of music and theatre, the philosophy of art, and the global musical infrastructure of the 20th and early 21st centuries. On the one hand, it is their fair reflection; while on the other hand, it is an integral part of their development. That is why studying and understanding the role and place of the Salzburg Festival is essential for understanding contemporary musical culture in a current historical perspective.Relevance of the study is attributable to the fact that, for the first time in Ukrainian historical musicology, the development and implementation of the idea of holding the Salzburg Festival are considered, indirect relations between the festival ideologists and the Ukrainian cultural space at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries are discovered, and the century-old history of the main European music and theatre forum is systematized.Main objective of the study is to introduce the phenomenon of the Salzburg Festival as a historical and cultural integrity in the space of the Ukrainian musicological discourse, as well as to outline and systematize a one hundred-year path of the main music and theatre forum in Europe.Methodology of the study includes the use of historical, culturological, and systemic approaches.Results and conclusions. The study revealed that at the stage of shaping the idea of the festival in Salzburg at the beginning of the twentieth century, there were two fundamental visions of its implementation, namely, "Mozart-oriented" and "general theatrical". They both entered the gene code of the Salzburg Music and Theatre Forum with varying interpretations of its concept and repertoire policy at each phase of its existence. The change of priorities in its fundamental triad, that is, drama — opera — concert, during forum varying periods is also traced.The hundred-year journey of the Salzburg Festival may be divided into three main stages: 1) the development and search of self-identity (1920–1954); 2) "stabilization" and formation of international prestige (1955–1990); and 3) "modernization" and expansion of cultural horizons (from 1991 until today). Each of them is well integrated into history of Western European music and culture of the 20th and early 21st centuries.


This checklist will help CPA firms identify opportunities for additional services when an engagement is completed. One should be turned in to the partner in charge on completion of each, yearend engagement. Client name Prepared by Date Approved by Date Check one of the three columns for each service listed below. C = Current service P = Potential service N/A = Not applicable TAX SERVICES Responsible employee C P N/A [] [] [] Yearend tax preparation [] [] [] Quarterly payroll tax preparation [] [] [] Change of form of entity or yearend [] [] [] Estate planning (wills, trusts or gifts) [] [] [] Internal Revenue Service examinations [] [] [] Life insurance analysis [] [] [] Retirement and fringe-benefit plans [] [] [] Incorporation [] [] [] Multistate taxation [] [] [] Personal financial planning [] [] [] Reorganization or liquidation of the business [] [] [] S vs. C corporation [] [] [] Sales or exchanges of business property [] [] [] Shareholder distributions or transfers [] [] [] Tax savings [] [] [] Section 401(k) plan design [] [] [] Pension plan administrative accounting [] [] [] Section 125 plans [] [] [] Individual tax return of chief executive officer [] [] [] Other MANAGEMENT CONSULTING SERVICES Responsible employee C P N/A [] [] [] Acquisition review [] [] [] Business valuation [] [] [] Computer systems consultation [] [] [] Costing systems [] [] [] Feasibility studies [] [] [] Financing, restructuring or reorganization [] [] [] General business planning or budgeting [] [] [] Employee manual [] [] [] Compensation and benefits program [] [] [] Strategic planning [] [] [] Inventory or production controls [] [] [] Job search [] [] [] Litigation support [] [] [] Management review [] [] [] Market research or competitor analysis [] [] [] Operations review [] [] [] Personal consulting [] [] [] Third-party review of electronic data processing [] [] [] Cash flow projection [] [] [] Industry comparison [] [] [] Other GENERAL BUSINESS AND COMPUTER SERVICES Responsible employee C P N/A [] [] [] Accounts payable check writing [] [] [] Payroll check writing [] [] [] Accounts receivable or customer billing [] [] [] Automated general ledger [] [] [] Bookkeeping services [] [] [] Spreadsheet applications [] [] [] Timekeeping services [] [] [] Depreciation schedules [] [] [] Programming services [] [] [] Health care reporting [] [] [] Personal computer software [] [] [] Database development [] [] [] Other ACCOUTING SERVICES Responsible employee C P N/A [] [] [] Accounting system review [] [] [] Audit [] [] [] Compilation [] [] [] Review [] [] [] Lease vs. …


Croton grewioides Baill. popularly known as "canelinha" or "canelinha-de-cheiro" has been used for the treatment of influenza, antitussive, febrifuge and headache; however, the study of its phytochemical composition is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the extraction method and seasonality through leaf extracts of four accessions of Croton grewioides by fingerprint chromatograms aided by principal component analysis to analyze the differences and similarities among the samples. We aimed also to provide chemical characterization of isolated secondary metabolites using semi-preparative liquid chromatography. The results showed that only the chemical profile of the methanolic extracts of accessions 101 and 113 were influenced by the seasonality. For the first time, four flavonoids were isolated through semi-preparative chromatography in this species, characterized as quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-(1→6)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-apiopyranoside-(1→6)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside (3) and 3-O-methyl-quercetin (4), the flavonoid (2) has been recognized as a new triglycosylated derivative.


As continuing professional development is now mandatory in the UK for health and social care professionals, teaching reflection skills is commonplace in many higher education institutions. However, getting health and social care students to engage with activities developing their reflection skills has been problematic at one Scottish university. This paper describes action research carried out to improve first-year university students' enthusiasm and engagement with reflection on an inter-professional module. Teaching and learning activities were based on the principle of constructive alignment. Students were given an interactive lecture and two tutorials; each successive tutorial consolidated knowledge and skills gained from the previous learning activity. Responses from a small percentage of students to an online questionnaire indicate students saw the reflection activities as advantageous, however, a majority felt both tutorial activities did not improve their confidence, with peer feedback having less impact than tutor feedback. Further iterations of the action research cycle will be undertaken to improve students' engagement.


Because of high cooling efficiency, simple structure and good reliability, the liquid-box self-circulation evaporative cooling system has broad applications in the field of electronic equipments. By designing and developing a set of Liquid-box self-circulating evaporative cooling system experimental platform for electronic components. We can study the influence of pipe diameter, height of liquid level and thermal conductive pad on the cooling efficiency of the system.