Single crystals of the complete series of GaSe1−xSx solid solutions have been obtained from the melt by the Bridgman-Stockbarger method and from the vapour by a chemical transport method. Precise measurements of lattice parameter variation, as a function of composition x, were carried out by electron diffraction for all compositions for both types of crystals. Similar behaviours of the a-lattice constant with respect to x were found, while remarkable differences between melt and vapour grown materials were observed in the composition dependence of the c-parameter. The results are discussed taking also into account previously reported data on the energy gap variation with x obtained in the same samples by optical absorption measurements. A strong influence of the growth method on the structure of the crystals is evidenced, at least for a sulfur content x ranging from 0 to about 0.45.

Nous avons obtenue des monocristaux de composition GaSe1−xSx, avec 0 ≦ x ≦ 1, a partir de la phase vapeur avec la methode du transport chimique avec iode et a partir de la phase liquide avec la methode de Bridgman-Stockbarger. Mesures precises de la variation des parametres cristallins, realises par diffraction electronique, indiquent que les parametres a varient linearement avec x pour les deux methodes de preparation. Grandes differences entre l'interval 0 ≦ x ≦ 0,45 ont ete observe entre les valeurs de le parametre c des cristaux obtenues de la phase vapeur et celle-ci des cristaux obtenues de la phase liquide. Les resultats presentes ont ete compare avec celle obtenus par Terhell et Lieth avec la diffraction des rayons X.


In this paper a power quality investigation of the Libyan Telecom Technology (LTT) headquarter and data center electrical distribution network is presented. A full description of the center single-phase and three-phase load types are illustrated. Loads individual current harmonic distortion theoretical levels are explained. Accumulated current harmonic components at each connection point are also predicted. Estimation process involves an optimistic and pessimistic approach of the excepted harmonics due to the mix of the various data center loads at each busbar. A real measurement results of the current and voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and line power factor are presented, compared and assessed according to the IEEE519-1992 harmonic control recommendations. The paper proposes some practical procedures and precautions to be applied in order to improve the overall power quality of the data center that could minimize the related risk and distortion issues.


Taishang Ganying Pianis an important Taoist classic.In the process of reading Taishang Ganying Pian,the author has found seven common words to discuss,discovering the important value of Taoist words in the history of Chinese vocabulary.


Abstract : This report details the work on the active control of surge and stall in gas turbine engines. The use of small amplitude waves predicted by theory as stall precursors were tested with experimental data. The nonlinear behavior of such waves was shown to explain much of the data in the literature. This theory was used to design an active stabilization system for rotating stall which was tested on both a single-stage and a three-stage axial compressor, increasing the stable operating range of the single-stage compressor by 25%. The dynamics of the three-stage compressor were shown to match closely with theory. The open- loop forced response characteristics of the compressors were measured and methodology developed in which this data was used to design the compressor control system. The models then developed were used to evaluate alternate control strategies. Engineering of the structural dynamics of the compression system was also shown to be successful in damping rotating stall and surge.... Active control, Compression system flow instabilities, Unsteady flow, Fluid-Structure interaction.


White Rabbit is an extension of Ethernet which allows remote synchronization of nodes with jitters of around 10ps. The technology can be used for a variety of purposes. This paper presents a fixed-latency trigger distribution system for the study of instabilities in the LHC. Fixed latency is achieved by precisely time-stamping incoming triggers, notifying other nodes via an Ethernet broadcast containing these time stamps and having these nodes produce pulses at well-defined time offsets. The same system is used to distribute the 89us LHC revolution tick. This paper also describes current efforts for distributing multiple RF signals over a WR network, using a Distributed DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) paradigm. SYNCHRONIZATION IN WHITE RABBIT Both described systems require a precise time and frequency reference, provided by a WR network and locked to a GPS receiver or an atomic clock. WR achieves its subnanosecond accuracy and low jitter by employing multiple techniques: • Distribution of frequency reference encoded in the physical data stream (Synchronous Ethernet). • Coarse clock offset measurement by timestamping Ethernet frames using the Precision Time Protocol (PTP, IEEE1588). • Fine offset compensation by tracking the phase shift between the outgoing and incoming clock/data stream. Further details on the synchronization algorithms used in WR can be found in [1]. Figure 1: The White Rabbit PTP Core (WRPC). The RF and Trigger distribution systems are interfaced with the WR network by the WR PTP Core (WRPC) [2], a standardized HDL block implementing the full WR synchronization stack. The WRPC is integrated in the FPGA firmware and delivers a 125 MHz reference frequency and time-of-day (counters of seconds nS and 125 MHz clock cycles nC). Furthermore, the WRPC can be used as generalpurpose Ethernet Media Access Controller (MAC), sending and receiving Ethernet frames coming from the user's FPGA design (see Figure 1). RF DISTRIBUTION Introduction The RF distribution system is part of a larger project which aims to merge the two historically separate timing systems: • General purpose timing, usually referenced to the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) timescale, which usually drives beam injection/extraction, synchronizes currents in the magnets and provides UTC-traceable timestamps for any sort of events that may occur in the machine. • Beam-synchronous timing, using the bunch or RF frequency as the reference. Its natural applications are driving the RF cavities, synchronizing data acquisition from beam instrumentation or providing precise collision timestamps for event reconstruction (e.g. in the LHC Experiments). The classic way of distributing a frequency reference in a timing system is to encode it in the data stream (using Manchester or 8B10B encoding) at the master node and recover it in the slave nodes using a Clock-Data Recovery (CDR) PLL. Examples of such timing systems can be found in [3] and [4]. This approach, however, can provide only one reference frequency per each physical link, necessitating the use of two separate timing networks. In many cases the machine's equipment needs simultaneous access to both timing systems, resulting in duplication of cabling and electronics. Furthermore, many traditional systems experience troubles tracking large frequency changes (e.g. ramping of the RF in low energy or ion machines), due to bandwidth limitations of the CDR PLLs in the deserializer chips. The method we developed does not rely on physical frequency encoding, but uses the common notion of time and frequency provided by WR to drive RF synthesis in each node of the system, as depicted in Figure 2. The master node keeps is local DDS phase-locked to the RF reference input and broadcasts the DDS tuning values calculated by its PLL over the WR network. The slaves simply feed the received data to their local DDS synthesizers. Since the reference clocks are identical, the DDS in the slave node produces an exact copy of the RF clock coming to the master node. RF Encoding and Broadcasting The RF encoding done by the master node is illustrated in Figure 3. The central element of the system is the DDS synthesizer, which produces a sinusoidal signal of arbitrarily controlled frequency and phase. The synthesizer we used is a custom-designed FPGA core attached to a high speed DAC (Digital to Analog Converter). It employs the classical frequency synthesis approach, using a phase accumulator Proceedings of ICALEPCS2015, Melbourne, Australia Pre-Press Release 23-Oct-2015 11:00WEC3O01 Timing and Sync ISBN 978-3-95450-148-9 1 Co py rig ht © 20 15 CC -B Y3. 0 an d by th er es pe ct iv ea ut ho rs Pr ePr es sR ele as e2 3O ct -2 01 5 11 :0 0 Figure 2: Idea of the RF distribution over White Rabbit. and a sine lookup table, as described in [5]. We decided to implement a custom synthesizer since in-phase RF reconstruction requires taking snapshots of the DDS phase accumulator at fixed moments in WR time, a feature not available in low-cost integrated DDS+DAC chips. The core runs synchronously to the 125 MHz WR reference clock Fre f and at each clock cycle produces four samples (phase shifted by one-fourth of the Fre f period), forming a 500 MSPS data stream for the DAC. In order to improve the dynamic range and spectral purity of the output signal, we used linear interpolation of the sine lookup table values and dithering of the sine signal with noise coming from a pseudo-random number generator. The output of the DAC passes through an anti-aliasing low-pass filter, which limits the bandwidth of the system to approximately 70 MHz, followed by a zero-crossing detector which produces a square-wave clock signal of frequency fDDS . The DDS is programmed to a user-specified center frequency FC , which is continuously adjusted to keep a fixed phase with respect to the varying input RF reference Fin. The input can be divided by a user-programmable integer value, extending the frequency range above the bandwidth limit of the DDS. The adjustment is performed using a typical PLL scheme: the clocks are compared by a Phase-Frequency Detector (PFD) and the resulting phase error is fed to a PI (Proportional-Integral) regulator. The PI outputs the frequency adjustment (tune) of the DDS f tune, closing the feedback loop. In our implementation the PLL consists of a discrete analog PFD followed by an Analog-to-Digital converter (ADC) which drives a digital PI controller. The analog PFD has been chosen to minimize the jitter. As the RF frequency does not change very rapidly, the controller can sample the phase error and produce a new tune value with a relatively slow period TS (up to several kHz). The PLL works synchronously to the beginning of the current second (e.g. the first tune update is done when nC = 0, the second one when nC = 1 · TS/8 ns and so on). The values produced by the feedback loop are encapsulated into Etherbone [6] packets, comprising: • The current tune value and the timestamp it was taken at. To simplify calculations, we send the current second and the index iS of the tune sample with respect to the beginning of the current second. • The value of the DDS accumulator φM at the beginning of the current second (when nC = 0), allowing the slave node to compensate for the phase drift of the RF clock caused by the latency of the Ethernet link. • Configuration parameters: TS , fC and the identifier of the master node to auto-configure the slave and allow for multiplexing different RF signals within the same network. These messages provide all the information necessary for the slave nodes to reproduce the RF signal. Reception and Reconstruction RF reconstruction is done at the slave side using the following algorithm: 1. Set a fixed reconstruction latency NREC , which defines by how many samples of f tune the slave's RF output is delayed with respect to the master RF signal. The latency must be obviously larger than the signal processing and packet transmission/reception delays. In the test system, we used NREC = 3 tune samples, corresponding to a 300 μs delay. 2. Filter the incoming packet stream to select only the messages containing information about the RF signal the slave is subscribed to. 3. Calculate the initial DDS accumulator value to align the phase of the slave's RF output with the master. Since phase is the integral of frequency, the slave's approximate output phase after NREC tune samples can be derived from the last NREC tune values (assuming that the distributed frequency remains stable over the period of NREC samples):


This field of brittle fracture has engaged researchers from various fields of engineering from the early days until today. There are nowadays different approaches for the fracture and fatigue design. A high potential has been found in the strain energy density (SED) approach recently applied under different fracture and fatigue loading conditions. This approach has strong numerical advantages especially if applied to advanced materials and complex structures. Different problems and applications are presented in this paper, considering some recent outcomes at different scale levels, showing the possibility of considering a coarse mesh without any definition of a control volume. The potential of the method fits well with the application to connections of any type and in particular with welded joints. The main aim of this work is to compare the SED when applied to traditional welding processes as friction stir welding, and advanced technologies as hybrid bonding.


Recent neuroimaging advances along with algorithmic innovations in statistical learning from network data offer a unique pathway to integrate brain structure and function, and thus facilitate revealing some of the brain's organizing principles at the system level. In this direction, we develop a supervised graph representation learning framework to model the relationship between brain structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) via a graph encoder-decoder system, where the SC is used as input to predict empirical FC. A trainable graph convolutional encoder captures direct and indirect interactions between brain regions-of-interest that mimic actual neural communications, as well as to integrate information from both the structural network topology and nodal (i.e., region-specific) attributes. The encoder learns node-level SC embeddings which are combined to generate (whole brain) graph-level representations for reconstructing empirical FC networks. The proposed end-to-end model utilizes a multi-objective loss function to jointly reconstruct FC networks and learn discriminative graph representations of the SC-to-FC mapping for downstream subject (i.e., graph-level) classification. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that the learnt representations of said relationship capture valuable information from the intrinsic properties of the subject's brain networks and lead to improved accuracy in classifying a large population of heavy drinkers and non-drinkers from the Human Connectome Project. Our work offers new insights on the relationship between brain networks that support the promising prospect of using graph representation learning to discover more about brain function.


The shale gas revolution in the US over the last 10 years has been a game-changer for the US natural gas industry. It has given the US the potential to change from a net gas-importer into a gas-exporter and has caused a gas price collapse over the last 5 years. There are lessons to be learned from the huge success of US shale gas and the question arises as to whether a similar revolution can occur in Australia. A recent surge of interest in Australian shale gas exploration and investment has occurred from both domestic and international oil and gas companies. The US Energy Information Agency (EIA) estimated that Australia has 396 billion cubic feet of (cid:3243)ⅢechnicallyŁⅠecoveⅠableŁⅡhaleŁgaⅡŁⅠeⅡouⅠce(cid:3244),ŁequalŁⅢoŁ~45%ŁofŁUSŁⅡhaleŁgaⅡŁⅠeⅡeⅠveⅡŁ(EIA,Ł2011)Ł based on its initial assessment on four main basins (Table 1). Advances in two sets of technologies have led to major growth of unconventional gas production in Australia: 1) liquefied natural gas (LNG) processing, which allows gas transport globally without the need of pipeline construction (there are ~ $200 billion worth of LNG facilities currently being built or planned to be built by major global energy and utility companies in Australia (Geoscience Australia and BREE, 2012), and 2) recent advances in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling which allow economic extraction from low permeability reservoirs. Numerous challenges exist however for shale gas development in Australia. The challenges mainly involve, (1) high capital expenditure, (2) a potential skills shortage, (3) environmental impact, and (4) technical challenges.


AbstractWith the increasing occurrence of extreme wind events (e.g., hurricanes) and growing interest in performance-based wind engineering, a better understanding of the structural response and co...


Background

A novel ultrasonic atomization approach for the formulation of biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles of a malaria DNA vaccine is presented. A 40 kHz ultrasonic atomization device was used to create the microparticles from a feedstock containing 5 volumes of 0.5% w/v PLGA in acetone and 1 volume of condensed DNA which was fed at a flow rate of 18ml h-1. The plasmid DNA vectors encoding a malaria protein were condensed with a cationic polymer before atomization.

Results

High levels of gene expression in vitro were observed in COS-7 cells transfected with condensed DNA at a nitrogen to phosphate (N/P) ratio of 10. At this N/P ratio, the condensed DNA exhibited a monodispersed nanoparticle size (Z-average diameter of 60.8 nm) and a highly positive zeta potential of 38.8mV. The microparticle formulations of malaria DNA vaccine were quality assessed and it was shown that themicroparticles displayed high encapsulation efficiencies between 82-96% and a narrow size distribution in the range of 0.8-1.9 μm. In vitro release profile revealed that approximately 82% of the DNA was released within 30 days via a predominantly diffusion controlledmass transfer system.

Conclusions

This ultrasonic atomization technique showed excellent particle size reproducibility and displayed potential as an industrially viable approach for the formulation of controlled release particles.


Epilepsy is third most common chronic neurological disease. Mortality is 2-3% more common in epilepsy patients than in general population. World wide survey have shown that epilepsy responds to treatment in about 70 % of epileptic patients and three fourth of the affected people do not get the treatment they need. So objective of our study was to know the outcome and pattern of epilepsy at Department of Neurology CMC teaching hospital Larkana ,so that in next step we could know which factors could reduce the morbitity and mortality due to epilepsy hence could prevent complications due to epilepsy. Total 404 patients were enrolled out of them 55 % were controlled and compared to world wide survey that in which 70 % of epileptic patients are controlled who get treatment so in comparison with world wide survey and this study there is gape of 15 % . therapy depends on type of seizure if there is no response then add on therapy is done,two third of the patients become seizure free after receiving 2nd or 3rd drug. Patient and patients family education is important regarding epilepsy and and they should be told that patient should have seizure free period of 3 or 5 years to switch off from antiepileptic drugs. Patient should be discouraged from participating in activities which increases the risk of injury or death,these activitie includes driving,operating highrisk power.


Commentary on: Le Noury J, Nardo JM, Healy D, et al. Restoring study 329: efficacy and harms of paroxetine and imipramine of major depression in adolescence BMJ 2015;351:h4320.

Adolescents suffering from major depression often receive treatment with antidepressants.

However the evidence for the efficacy of both newer antidepressants and tricyclic antidepressants in major depression in adolescence is very limited. Systematic reviews1 found a statistically significant difference in efficacy in favour of antidepressants versus placebo, which was not clinically relevant. However, they concluded that the large majority of studies on this topic shows serious methodological flaws, selecting patients with advertisements, excluding patients with suicide risk, high dropout rates and reporting bias. Regarding the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) there are indications of a slightly increased risk of suicide-related behaviour. Therefore, psychiatrists treating adolescents with major depression should consider psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioural therapy and other non-medication …


Background: This study characterizes the changes in cortical and cancellous bone and cross sectional moment of inertia of the femoral neck from aging and ovariectomized (ovx'd) rats to determine their role in the previously reported ovx‐induced reduction of mechanical strength in the femoral neck.


Time expression normalization has an important role in natural language understanding. Based on time expression recognition, it further annotates temporal semantic attributes. Due to the complexity and diversity of time expression, its normalization is a difficult task. This paper proposes a semiautomatic normalization method, which integrates multi-scale classification of time expression and temporal focus model with discourse structure transfer. Firstly, we hierarchically classify time expressions, separating the time expression recognition, semantic classification and temporal relations classification from normalization task in order to reduce the cost of handmade rules, and provide the operable basis for establishing normalization rules. Secondly, discourse structure transfer model builds the dynamic mechanism for tracking temporal focus. Experiments on ACE 2007 corpus demonstrated the validity of the proposed method, which make a foundation for future work.


As the dimensions of circuit primitives are reduced, the proximity effect becomes an increasingly important limiting factor in the fabrication of high density integrated circuits using electron beam (e-beam) lithography. In the past, proximity effect correction schemes have in general utilized one of two different approaches: dose or shape modification. Previously, PYRAMID, a hierarchical, rule-based proximity effect correction scheme which has been demonstrated to be able to correct circuit patterns with a minimum feature size of 0.1 μm was successfully presented. Although PYRAMID has been implemented with a pattern shape modification technique, its correction algorithms are not limited to this approach. In this article, the two approaches are compared in details in terms of CD error (edge placement error) and edge contrast, using the two corresponding versions of PYRAMID. A hybrid approach, i.e., combination of dose and shape modifications, is also considered.


The wonderful and marvelous facts that have been evolved within the last twenty years through hypnotism, are such as to attract the attention of the most skeptical, and fill those who believe in and practice the science with veritable awe. Science, with its brilliant light of logic and truth, is rapidly dispelling the darkness of mystery and doubt, and men are no longer looking helplessly to the supernatural for the solution of a problem above their individual ken. They realize that all in nature is natural and subject to natural laws, and when a phenomenon can not be explained, readily admit that it is through their failure to comprehend those universal principles that govern the cosmos. Educated people demand a little more of the scientist than mere arbitrary statement. They wish to know the reason of the faith that is in him, and rightly, for the scientist should meet the


We are studying 46 Grand Design spirals widely spread in types, which have been imaged in the K-band with the ESO NTT telescope. Eleven objects show knots st...


Heart already has a strong educa-tion section and its content, approved by the European Board for Accreditation in Cardiology (EBAC), is available for free access via the Heart and ESC websites. However, a recent joint publication of the Editors' Network called for educational initiatives to be extended throughout the national cardiology journals of Europe,


Most people find leeches repulsive. Leeches are segmented annelid worms from the subclass Hirudinea. Most leeches are haematophagous, literally blood-eaters. They suck blood by injecting into the host's bloodstream an anticoagulant hirudin. They are mainly hermaphrodites and belong to the class Clitellata, as they have a clitellum near their gonads, not far from their heads. About 500 of the 700 known species live in fresh water. Leech infestation is common where children are constantly exposed to wetland environments. While local skin attachment is by far the commonest site, leeches sometimes penetrate body orifices and have been described causing disease in places that defy belief, including the eye, nose, larynx, urethra, bladder, vagina and rectum. The medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis has a long and distinguished history. Leeches can be seen in ancient Egyptian cave paintings over 3500 years old, at the beginning of what we call human civilisation. Their medicinal use was first documented in a medical poem 'Alexipharma' by Nicades of Colophain, who was born in 200 BC. Around the first century AD, descriptions of medicinal leeching appeared in the Arabic, Chinese, Persian and Sanskrit literature. It was the Romans who gave leeches the name Hirudo. The word leech derives from the Anglo-Saxon word laece, a physician, indicating the close tie between leeches and doctors. Leeches were farmed and were so popular in the United States and Europe in the early 19th century that there was a shortage. But what was the scientific basis of this therapy? The concept of blood-letting as therapeutic may derive from the belief of Asclepius and his Syrian pupil Themisson of Laodicae that evil spirits causing illness could be removed by blood loss. Galen described four bodily humours, blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile, which needed to be in equilibrium for good health. If this equilibrium was disturbed, he argued, health could be restored by blood-letting. Barber-surgeons in the Middle Ages had patients grip a staff tightly, causing their veins to become prominent and easily bled. The bleeding was often done using leeches and blood dripped onto linen bandages. It has been suggested that the image of blood-stained bandages wrapped around the barber's white pole gave rise to the red and white pole still displayed outside some hairdressing salons. The leech was a kinder option than alternative means of blood-letting such as lancets. Why are we so repelled by leeches? Although leeches can carry blood-borne viruses, they have not been shown to transmit them. In contrast, blood-sucking vampire bats are important vectors of rabies. It is interesting to speculate that mythological human vampires could owe their conception to blood-sucking leeches and bats. Many different cultures have ancient myths of blood-sucking creatures, often in human form. In Europe, vampire stories only became really popular in the 18th century, when the name vampire was first used. Despite the widely known legend of Count Dracula, many vampires were women. Doctors increasingly realised that the most effective use of leeches was to decompress inaccessible collections causing problems such as enlarged haemorrhoids or a prolapsed rectum. This more modern use of leeches has seen a modest resurgence over the last 25 years. Microsurgeons have used leeches to salvage skin and flaps compromised by venous congestion. As an infectious disease physician, I was intrigued to read that leech therapy is not infrequently complicated by infection with the Gram-negative rod Aeromonas, which can be prevented by prophylactic ciprofloxacin, given either to the patient or put in the leeches' water. Less commonly but more dramatically, leeches have been used to treat traumatic macroglossia and to improve microcirculation to the hands of children with meningococcal or pneumococcal purpura fulminans. The leech can cause disease in children has been used as therapy of highly dubious efficacy for millennia, but is now being used therapeutically with a slightly stronger rationale. So far, there have been no randomised controlled trials of leeches although, to my delight, a search of the Cochrane library revealed a protocol for a trial of leech therapy for osteoarthritis. It will be an inventive mind that comes up with a sham leech for a double-blind trial.


Objective:To conclude nursing experience about delayed pericardial temponade after open heart surgery.Method:10 cases were observated for heart rate.Blood pressure,central venous pressure kept drainage duct open.Result:All patients healed discharged after pericardial drainage.Conclusion:We should observate heart rate,blood pressure central veinous pressure pay attention to anticoagulation,follow up,to prevent delayed pericardial temponade.


t is almost impossible to predict the future environment today, so instead of using prediction different methods of scenario development are used. Scenario as a hypothetical situation for future environment enables exploration of different possibilities of environment development in the future. Many methods based on a morphological analysis are used to develop scenarios. Numerous configurations of morphological fields prevent further use of scenarios and a practical description of the various scenarios. It is possible to reduce the number of configuration of morphological fields, classify configuration according to the different scenario classes and determine the representative configuration for the worst and best scenario case for each class of scenarios by integrating the method for scenario development with the decision-making methods. In this way further processing and description of scenarios is enabled, thus fulfilling a practical role of scenarios in the planning process.


From all this one may conclude that homosexual activity is always objectively and gravely immoral, inasmuch as it in no way fulfills the essential purposes of human sexuality. One may argue against homosexual activity because there is no real complementarity between two people of the same sex, or because their actions do not fulfill the procreative purpose of such activity.


There is an every increasing need to develop more durable and higher performing coatings for use in a range of products including tools, devices and bio-implants. Nano-structured coatings either in the form of a nanocomposite or a multilayer is of conside


On March 4, 1995, the eastbound driving lane of Interstate Route (I.R.) in Guernsey County, Ohio collapsed due to subsidence related to abandoned underground mines. The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) since that time has undertaken several site investigations and three notable mine remediation projects on interstate highways in an effort to prevent such subsidence from occurring again in the roadway. The remediation methods have consisted of the grouting of mine voids, construction of land bridges, and the removal and replacement of overburden. As a result of the March, 1995 collapse of I.R. 70, the ODOT Abandoned Underground Mine Inventory Risk Assessment process was conceived. This process is a proactive response to the need to locate and assess the risk of all mapped or otherwise identified roadway sites beneath which abandoned underground mines exist. The process, as currently documented in a draft manual, is composed of four basic activities: (1) the establishment of an inventory of all roadway sites beneath which abandoned mines may exist; (2) the assessment of the risk to the safety of the traveling public which each site represents; (3) the remediation of sites, if necessary, and; (4) the permanent monitoring of sites.


This study aimed to identify the effect of internal marketing applications on the mental image of tourism programs in Jordan from a standpoint of directors of the travel and tourism offices. The study adopted the survey method by questionnaire to collect the data. A total of 126 respondents were analyzed using SPSS. The study showed that the tourist offices and travel use all internal marketing applications, namely: workers considered internal customers; quality of services; training and development; and the adoption of the rewards system to motivate employees. The study showed a positive impact of internal marketing to form a positive image for tourism programs offered by the travel and tourism offices. The study recommended that attention to form a good mental image and activation programs and applications of internal marketing to upgrade office performance.


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The coexistence between ferromagnetic ordering and superconducting transport in tunnel ferromagnetic Josephson junctions (SFS JJs) accounts for a wide range of unconventional physical properties. The integration of both insulating ferromagnets or multi-layered insulator-ferromagnet barriers allows to combine ferromagnetic switching properties with peculiar low quasiparticle dissipation, which could enhance the capabilities of SFS JJs as active elements in quantum circuits. Here we show that split-transmon qubits based on tunnel ferromagnetic JJs realize an ideal playground to study noise fluctuations in ferromagnetic Josephson devices. By considering the transport properties of measured Al-based tunnel SFS JJs, we report on a theoretical study of the competition between intrinsic magnetization fluctuations in the barrier and quasiparticles dissipation, thus providing specific operation regimes to identify and disentangle the two noise sources, depending on the peculiar properties of the F layer and F/S interface.


The enhancement of the urban forest landscape through vegetation colorization has emerged as a continuous concern for urban managers in southern Chinese cities. However, the understanding of how designers can effectively select the appropriate form and intensity of colorization design to align with users' aesthetic preferences remains limited. The process of visual perception is closely intertwined with eye movements. Employing visualization techniques, this research aims to investigate the impact of colorization design on aesthetic benefits and eye movements in urban forests, considering four intensities (slight, low, medium, and high) and three forms (aggregate, homogeneous, and random). A total of 183 participants (with an average age of 23.5 ± 2.5 years) were randomly assigned to three groups to assess the aesthetics score, while eye-tracking devices were utilized to record eye movement behaviors. The outcomes indicate that a homogeneous design form and a moderate intensity of landscaping yield higher scenic benefits for urban forests. In the case of canopy landscape, both the form and intensity of landscaping have a significant influence on urban forest aesthetics. The HCI with aggregate form showed the best marginal effect (1.313). In contrast, MCI showed the best marginal effect when the design form was random and homogeneous (1.438, 1.308). Furthermore, although the form and intensity of the colorization design significantly affect eye exploration, the perception of landscape aesthetics does not correlate with eye movements. These findings provide valuable insights for design policies aimed at promoting the urban forest landscape, while also contributing to the enrichment of research in landscape perception studies employing eye-tracking technology.


The design philosophy behind the selection of a static inverter powered a.c. Induction motor drive for an electric vehicle is described and a novel method of pulse width modulation using walsh function multipliers is outlined. The conceptual design of a new electric town car, which ideally matches this type of drive and which is being developed at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, is described. /TRRL/


An analysis of causes leading to pain recurrence in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PR) after tapering down the dose of glucocorticosteroids (GCS) is presented. True exacerbations resulting from the main disease recurrence and pseudo-exacerbations when the resumption of pain syndrome is not due inflammation but because of other causes – steroid myopathy or chronic adrenal insufficiency (AI) are identified. The experience of using tocilizumab, an inhibitor of interleukin-6 receptors, as steroid-sparing agent in patients with PR is considered. The factors contributing to pain syndrome development, which can mimic exacerbations of PR (associated myofascial pain, vitamin D deficiency, etc.) are indicated. The methodology for AI diagnosis in patients receiving GCS therapy is discussed in detail. Recommendations for the rational AI therapy including acute cases are given.


We begin our tripartite essay with a triangle of understanding, theory and simulation. We sketch the intimate tie between explanation and teaching, and point to its emotional content. As we trace the development of theory in chemistry, Dirac's characterization of what is known and what is needed for theoretical chemistry comes up, as does the role of prediction, and Thom's phrase "To predict is not to explain." We give a typology of models, and then describe, no doubt inadequately, machine learning and neural networks. In the second part, we leave philosophy, by describing Roald's being beaten by simulation. This leads us to a general sketch of artificial intelligence (AI), Searle's Chinese room, and Strevens' account of what a go-playing program knows. Back to our terrain -- we ask "Quantum Chemistry, † ca. 2020?" Then move to examples of AI affecting social matters trivial to scary. We argue that moral decisions are hardly to be left to a computer. At this point, we try to pull the reader up, giving the opposing view of an optimistic, limitless future. But we don't do justice to that view -- how could we? We return to questioning the ascetic dimension of scientists, their romance with black boxes. Onward: In the 3rd part of this essay, we work our way up from pessimism. We trace (another triangle!) the special interests of experimentalists, who want the theory we love, and reliable numbers. We detail in our own science instances where theory gave us real joy. Two more examples-on magnetic coupling in inorganic diradicals, and the way to think about alkali metal halides, show us the way to integrate simulation with theory. As our tripartite essay ends, we outline a future of consilience, with a role both for fact-seekers, and searchers for understanding. Chemistry's streak of creation provides in that conjoined future a passage to art and to seeing the sacred in science.


Seam quality is very important aspect of any form of textile assembly using sewing. The quality of the seam is governed by the seam puckering, which mainly depends on the technological parameters of the sewing machine and fabric specifications. Though this dependency is known in qualitative aspect, very little researches have been focused to investigate the quantitative aspect of seam puckering behavior of the seams. The Phong's shading algorithm based luminosity model was developed to estimate the dimensional parameters from the image of the seam captured and, an investigation has been carried out to analyze the dimensional characteristics of puckered fabric using image processing techniques and neural networks. This objective assessment attempt goes beyond the replacement of conventional subjective puckering evaluation methods of seams and move towards the development of empirical models for the causal effects quantitatively. That is the determination of correct needle thread tension setting which is the most influential machine parameter for seam puckering, for a minimum puckering.


This research purpose is to analyze factors that effects the success of
mortgage execution auction in KPKNL Jakarta V. This research is important
because it still has low succeed level which is 14 percent. The object in this
auction is real property such as land with or without building. The variables used
in this research are location such as distance between real property and closer
central business district, accessibility such as road width in front of real property,
reserve price that has been set by owner or seller, and turnout or number of
bidders in the auction.
Data used in this research came from auction minutes held by KPKNL
Jakarta V in three years sequentially from 2008 to 2010. Based on these data,
about 25 percent were taken for samples or 52 auction minutes wether it sold or
not. The samples were processed by using logit model.
The result shows that factors effects auction outcome significantly in
mortgage auction held by KPKNL Jakarta V are location, reserve price, and
turnout or number of bidders. Accessibility effects the auction outcome but not
significant.


As an important form of comprehensive utilization of urban underground space, the urban underground business district effectively relieves the land shortage bottleneck in the process of urbanization meeting the requirements of land intensive use. However due to the characteristics of the safety management, major safety accidents have been occurring one after another recently, so it has been a problem urgently to be solved to ensure the safety for it. Via the analyses of existing problems in the safety management, the paper builds up a set of trinity safety management system for urban underground business district based on the application of IOT.


Since the time businesses identified the importance and benefit of exploring, creating and delivering the products as per needs of the consumer, marketing management has seen tremendous changes and development. With the consumers being proactively participative and brands too focussing on customer engagement the new wave of rapid advertisement and promotion seem to be benefitting from the Moment Marketing. This paper discusses Moment Marketing and the quirkiness involved in the same. The new tools and platforms keep coming up like social media, but they are also loaded with information and competitors. The main purpose of this research is to examine the effectiveness of Moment Marketing concept in practice which offer opportunity to differentiate. This research aims to analyse the current state of theoretical knowledge about Moment Marketing and different types and techniques which are used in advertising industry with their practical examples. After conducting this research, it was found out that this approach is suitable for grabbing the attention of customers and engaging them and be relatable in context with the trends.


Transformers are considered as a key in the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. The increases for electricity have encouraged the manufacturers to produce huge numbers of transformers for different sizes and ratings to work on the electric grid in order to meet market demands. The electrical power engineering and transformer experts seek to achieve the best economic and practical operation of electrical power system transformers, which include minimizing losses that are generated inside the transformers. The losses in transformers can be significantly reduced, especially in the core by improving the performance of the joint design. Several factors and parameters contribute to core losses such as shape of joint, gaps in between the joint parts, thickness of laminations, overlapping, orientation and number of laminations per stack.

In this study, an intelligent algorithm was carried out using the particle swarm optimization technique (PSO) to propose the optimum design of T-joints for the core in three-phase distribution transformers. This technique was applied to design a new geometry of joint to get the minimum losses and to reduce the temperature in three-phase transformers. The smart algorithm proposed in this study presents the following advantages: (i) the correlation between the angles of the T-joint and gaps, (ii) the core loss profiles with temperature were considered, and (iii) the system was examined under different operational conditions.

The transformer was simulated on the basis of real dimensions obtained from the transformer manufacture's data. Furthermore, a 3D finite element analysis software model for transformer coupling with particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique was used and is validated by corresponding experiments. The simulation results have been validated with the manufacturer's data of transformer rated at 1000 KVA.

Practically, good agreements were obtained between the simulation results and the experimental data. The important parameters in the core joint design were emphasized through a comparison of the losses in various types of T-joint designs. The core losses, total losses were reduced for the new proposed model.

The core and oil temperature underwent a good reduction as compared with the conventional T-joint designs. The core losses in the proposed design reduced more than 11% and 7% when using material M5 and M4 respectively. While more than 25% of the core loss reduction occurred when using material M6. The total owing cost for energy saving for different materials in the different T-joint designs indicated a life cycle, saving of RM 1297 for the M5 material and RM 1971 for the M6 material per transformer when compared to a conventional T-joint design of the same rating. Moreover, the proposed intelligent algorithm in this work can improve the transformer core design as well as can be applied to various power and distribution transformers.


Coronaviruses: CoVs, is related to the family of Coronaviridae. The SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is unique strain of RNA viruses. The recent pandemic caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is threatening the human population worldwide. The patients with severe forms may develop severe pneumonia and may fatal. The COVID-19 range from a mild to severe form., SARS-CoV-2 infected patients shows severe lymphopenia in about 2/3 cases. In patients with severe disease lymphocyte subset counts in the peripheral blood owere significantly reduced. The predictor biomarker for assessing disease and monitoring with SARS-CoV-2 infection is done by peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells' count. It is necessary to do more studies on larger populations and detail understanding of Tell immunity and for new treatment strategies.


The evidence is clear that obesity is a risk factor for severe covid-19 disease and death. Meera Senthilingam asks what this increased urgency has done to boost action against this other epidemic


A real-time scene driving approach based on dual-engine of Open Inventor is presented in this paper, aiming at the problem that complex full digital simulation systems' 3D models need be driven by real-time sampling data or the computing results of numerical models. One-shot engine and calculator engine of Open Inventor are constituted together as engine connecting chain in the environment of VC++. In this way, pulse-type signal can be transformed into SoMFFloat type output, and the movement trajectory of 3D model can be computed by the expression of calculator engine. Therefore, the problem of real-time numerical driven is solved by using this dual-engine to control the change of Shape node parameters and trajectory of 3D model. This method is successful applied in the cz-3 launch vehicle all-digital simulation system to achieve scene driven by realtime sampling data from launch vehicle tests.


Taxol is an effective antineoplastic agent.It is widely used in many cancers including ovarian,breast and lung cancer.The content of taxol in the bark of taxus is very low(0.01%).It is kind of small molecule with high affinity to protein.In human body fluids about 98% of it combined with protein.So,a high sensitivity and throughput method is required for its determination content.Based on the analysis the methods of taxol assay,advances of the immunoassay of taxol were summarized,including the modification of taxol hapten,the construction and determination of taxol-protein conjugates,and the application of the immunoassay in the qualification and quantitation of taxol in plant tissues and taxol-treated patients.


Abstract Posyandu stands for 'Pos Pelayanan Terpadu' in Bahasa, meaning 'Integrated Service Post,' a community-based health center to provide a range of services for mothers and under five children in Indonesia. Each Posyandu center s served by five posyandu cadres who are community-based health workers and responsible to deliver essential health services and counseling to their communities. In Central Lombok district, Indonesia, we facilitated building capacity and skill of posyandu cadres for counseling and health education and to encourage the community to attend Posyandu center as well as to seek care from nearby Puskesmas and Polindes (other community based static health facilities). During January - August 2022, we trained 1100 posyandu cadres and equipped them with pictorial cards with health education and counseling messages. We retrieved monthly attendance and care seeking data from Puskesmas, Polindes and Posyandu centers through routine health management information system for January 2022 to February 2023 and we compared pre-training (January-August 2022) and post-training (September 2022-February 2023) data. Monthly average number of pregnant women and sick children who were brought to nearby Puskesmas and Polindes for care during pre-training period was 1553 which was significantly increased to 1844 during post-training period (p < 0.001). We also observed statistically significant ((p < 0.001) increase in average monthly attendance of mothers and children at Posyandu centres (from 12,751 in pre-training period to 14,677 in post-training period). This incremental attendance at Posyandu centers and increased care seeking from Puskesmas and Polindes can potentially be attributable to counseling-education session by trained and skilled posyandu cadres and it reconfirms the worthiness of additional investment for capacity and skill building of posyandu cadres to improve community health in rural Indonesia. Key messages • Posyandu cadres have potential strength to make significant improvement in community health care service delivery by educating and counseling communities in rural Indonesia. • Investment on capacity building and training of posyandu cadres can pay off by improving access and utilization of health care services by pregnant women and children.


To feminists in the 1970s the fete symbolised women's marginalisation in church and society but in the nineteenth century its respectability was far from assured. This article uses the shifting history of the fete and other forms of women's fund‐raising over the years between the 1880s and the 1970s to examine changes in 'ordinary' women's subjective and practical experiences of domesticity. It shows how women used the fete to carve out a place for themselves on the borders of the public and private spheres and, in the process, 'created and sustained communities'; how churchmen overcame their reluctance to allowing women into the public gaze because of the church's financial need and how, as women came to envision a greater role for themselves in the church from the early twentieth century, a strand of resistance to being 'used' as fund‐raisers emerged. The history of women's fund‐raising for the church offers insights into the under‐researched area of women and domesticity.


Wind speed prediction is critical for wind energy conversion system since it not only can relieve or avoid the disadvantageous impact on power system, but also can enhance the competitive ability of wind power plants against others in electricity markets. The model presented in this paper was based on artificial neural network (ANN) and the selection of the model parameters was presented in detail. The autocorrelation function (ACF) of wind speed time series was used to determine the input variables of the neural network. The simulation was carried out with the proposed ANN model.The conclusion that the optimal network structure may be different corresponding to different error evaluation was drawn through a large number of simulation experiments. And the simulaiton results showed that the ANN model is less than 10.77% in terms of root mean square error and 5.86% in terms of mean absolute error compared with the persistence model.


This report provides information concerning the expected agricultural benefits resulting from the proposed Apple Creek Irrigation Project in Burleigh County, North Dakota.


Edge-on systems reveal the properties of disk galaxies as a function of height, z, above the plane. Four local edge-on galaxies that are close enough to have been resolved into stars by the Hubble Space Telescope show thick disks composed of a red stellar population that is old and relatively metal rich. Color gradients, Δ(V - I)/Δz, are zero or slightly positive. Favored models may have an explicit thick disk formation phase.


Grafting is a safe agro-technique used to boost tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses and increase crop yield and quality. This study was undertaken to control cucumber Fusarium wilt through grafting onto novel Cucurbit interspecific hybrids and assess their effect on nutrients, defense enzymes in cucumber, and root characteristics. Four crosses were done between two lines of each of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Winter squash (Cucurbita maxima), Winter squash (C. moshata), and Wild cucumber (C. zambinus). The commercial hybrid rootstock Supper Shintosa was also considered. Results indicated that all hybrid rootstocks, except Bottle Gourd, exhibited a significant decrease in Fusarium wilt severity compared with non-grafted control. Plant height and shoot dry weight of grafted plant were higher than those of the nongrafted control with best results for grafting onto C. moshata. The macro (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg%) and micro (Fe and Zn ppm) nutrient contents in the leaf of grafted plants were more than those of the nongrafted control. The highest macro and micronutrient contents were observed due to grafting onto C. moshata followed by C. maxima. Grafting of cucumber onto resistant rootstocks exhibited a significant increase in activity of peroxidases and polyphenoloxidase enzymes. Furthermore, grafting onto all rootstocks, except C. zambinus, caused an increase in root diameter more than the nongrafted control. Grafted cucumber onto C. maxima rootstock showed the best values in terms of diameter of the root, thickness of the cortex, dimension of vascular bundle, mean diameter of the vessel, and the pith over the nongrafted control.


The present invention relates to an arrangement (12) for introducing recirculated exhaust gas into a fresh air system (4) of an internal combustion engine (1), - with a metallic feed connection (15) into a connection opening (16) is inserted in a plastic part (17) is formed of fresh air system (4), - the feed connection (15) has a connection piece flange (21) to which a metallic exhaust gas recirculation line (9) is flanged, comprises wherein the plastic component (17) comprises the connection opening (16) enclosing the flange (24), - - wherein the connection piece flange (15) outside of the flange portion (24) is arranged and a plurality of jack openings (26), in each of which a plastic bushing (27) is inserted, - wherein the connection piece flange (21) by means of several screws (28) with the flange portion (24) is screwed, which are guided in each case through one of the plastic sleeves (27).


Significance Necroptosis has been defined as a regulated cell death mechanism that can be activated under apoptosis deficient conditions. Here we show that necroptosis can be activated under brain ischemic conditions without inhibition of apoptosis. Furthermore, neuronal necroptosis can be followed by delayed apoptosis after the reduction of TAK1 under ischemic conditions. Our study demonstrates the complex interaction of apoptosis and necroptosis after ischemic brain insult and suggests the therapeutic targeting of RIPK1 kinase for the treatment of stroke. Apoptosis and necroptosis are two regulated cell death mechanisms; however, the interaction between these cell death pathways in vivo is unclear. Here we used cerebral ischemia/reperfusion as a model to investigate the interaction between apoptosis and necroptosis. We show that the activation of RIPK1 sequentially promotes necroptosis followed by apoptosis in a temporally specific manner. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion insult rapidly activates necroptosis to promote cerebral hemorrhage and neuroinflammation. Ripk3 deficiency reduces cerebral hemorrhage and delays the onset of neural damage mediated by inflammation. Reduced cerebral perfusion resulting from arterial occlusion promotes the degradation of TAK1, a suppressor of RIPK1, and the transition from necroptosis to apoptosis. Conditional knockout of TAK1 in microglial/infiltrated macrophages and neuronal lineages sensitizes to ischemic infarction by promoting apoptosis. Taken together, our results demonstrate the critical role of necroptosis in mediating neurovascular damage and hypoperfusion-induced TAK1 loss, which subsequently promotes apoptosis and cerebral pathology in stroke and neurodegeneration.


Early chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now known to be a relatively common problem. Prevalence studies worldwide have estimated that between 6% and 11% of the population has CKD [1]. One recent estimate carried out in the UK found that 4.9% of the general practice population studied had an estimated glomerular filtration rate equivalent to stages 3–5 CKD [2]. There is now reliable research evidence to support a variety of clinical interventions that will benefit patients with CKD [3]. However, very little evidence is available in the literature to recommend the most effective way of delivering healthcare for patients with early CKD [3]. These patients comprise a complex group and unfortunately they often have significant comorbid conditions [4,5]. Specialist services would be overwhelmed if they attempted to manage all patients with early CKD [5]. It is important that all countries carefully consider how best to deliver healthcare for this large group of patients in future. This paper will describe the guidance currently available from formal guidelines, research evidence and proposed models of care.


High-pressure gas atomization was employed to prepare the Fe-based Fe50Cr24Mo21Si2B3 alloy powder. The effect of flow rate of atomizing gas on the median powder diameter was studied. The results show that the powder size decreased with increasing the flow rate of atomizing gas. Fe-based alloy coatings with amorphous phase fraction was then prepared by high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF) of gas atomized Fe50Cr24Mo21Si2B3 powder. Microstructural studies show that the coatings present dense layered structure and low porosity of 0.17% in about 200 μm thickness. The Fe-based alloy coating exhibits an average hardness of about 1230 HV. Our results show that the HVOF process results in dense and well-bonded coatings, making it attractive for protective coatings applications.


A-57-year-old deaf-mute male with type 2 diabetes and a history of HIV infection receiving Odefsey treatment presented to the ED with right-sided weakness, headache, poor appetite, and loss of spirit for 2 weeks. On arrival, his temperature was 38°C, the pulse was irregular at 148 beats per minute, and the blood pressure was 123/88 mmHg. Physical examination showed right-sided weakness. The muscle strength of both right upper and lower limbs was grade 3. Electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. The laboratory tests showed elevation of C-reactive protein (6.35 mg/dL), but white blood cell count (8,600/uL), procalcitonin (0.19 ng/mL), renal and liver functions tests, and urinalysis were all within normal range. The chest X-ray revealed cardiomegaly and mild pulmonary congestion. Brain computed tomography (CT) for a suspected stroke was arranged (Fig. 1).


Gamification - using game mechanics for affording gameful experiences in non-game contexts - is getting increased attention in the educational field. However, its motivational mechanisms, intended to enhance student learning, are still not sufficiently understood. In this paper, we present an empirical study on the use of one of the most popular gamification elements, badges. The goal is to shed some light on their impact on student engagement and motivation. The study results suggest that while the badges improve student engagement and academic performance, they do not affect the student's intrinsic motivation. However, we speculate that they foster internalization of the learning-related extrinsic motivators? values, which results in increased engagement in the learning activities.


This paper discusses some of the challenges encountered whilst researching and writing a thesis that explores individual understandings of "relevance" and "topic." It is based upon a discussion paper and presentation prepared as part of the Doctoral Workshop held during the ISIC 2000 Conference in Borås, Sweden. The focus of this paper is the doing of qualitative research. To provide a framework for this discussion, the key assumptions that have shaped the author's thesis are presented in the first section of this paper. The paper then focuses on some of the dilemmas of qualitative research encountered during the research and writing of this thesis, giving particular attention to the notion of "context" and the writing of qualitative research. Forthcoming results from the thesis are mentioned in the closing section. A Thesis Summary is also provided at the end of this paper.


ABSTRACT This article seeks to make sense of North Korean provocations in light of the Sino-US strategic competition in post-Cold War East Asia, where such variables as China's rise, US's pivot to Asia, and growing Sino-ROK economic ties are driving the strategic choices of major states in the region. The article examines the main motivations behind Pyongyang's provocations since the end of the Cold War, discusses their implications for the Sino-US strategic competition in East Asia, and offers predictions about the future of North Korean provocations. The central thesis of the article is that Pyongyang has exploited the Sino-US strategic competition in East Asia for its regime survival. By raising North Korea's strategic value to China, the intensifying Sino-US competition allows Pyongyang to continue provocations, regardless of Beijing's explicit opposition.


Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive biliary adenocarcinoma, with a median survival ranging from 12 to 37 months and no effective treatment options [Dhanasekaran et al. 2013]. Studies of the CCA tumor micro-environment (TME) and intratumoral heterogeneity have been limited, despite clinically significant interaction between tumor and stromal or immune components across other tumor types. Single-cell RNA Sequencing (scRNASeq) has emerged as a valuable technique to characterize the TME. Here we present a case study profiling CCA TME at the resolution of scRNASeq, and the first application of a unique OncoTarget (OTar) and OncoTreat (OTr) approach [Alvarez et al. 2018, Zeleke et al. 2020, Mundi et al. 2021] to predict and identify actionable drug targets at the single-cell level. These are both CLIA-certified algorithms for personalized drug prediction, now adapted for the first time to drug sensitivity prediction at the level of individual tumor cells. scRNASeq from a human CCA sample revealed significant tumor immune infiltration, with T-cells comprising the largest population, and fewer than 10% of cells identified as tumor cells, such that transcriptional profiles from RNA-Seq derived from whole tumor samples would be dominated by non-tumor cells. VIPER-based protein activity inference of tumor cells identified three sub-populations, not distinguished by gene expression alone [Alvarez et al. 2016]. These were characterized by upregulation of KRAS pathway, TNFa signaling with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and upregulation of MYC targets, respectively. Consensus OTar/OTr drug prediction analysis on both scRNASeq tumor cells and bulk RNA-Seq of an engrafted PDX model from resected tumor at the time of biopsy ranked Glasdegib, Plicamycin, Flavopiridol, AT9283, and Dacinostat as the top 5 drugs with best overall tumor cell coverage. Therefore, we administered these drugs to a cohort of 8 PDX-bearing mice per treatment arm. Dacinostat and Plicamycin significantly reduced tumor growth rate (p=0.007 and p=0.03, respectively), with Dacinostat stabilizing tumor size over 28 days of treatment. Both of these drugs significantly extended survival time by Kaplan-Meier regression (p=0.001 and p=0.03, respectively). Furthermore, scRNASeq data of drug-treated PDXs showed that Dacinostat uniformly depleted all three tumor sub-populations compared to Vehicle control, whereas one of the tumor sub-clusters was resistant to Plicamycin, consistent with single-cell drug sensitivity predicted by OTr.
 Given the in vivo activity of these two drugs in inhibiting tumor growth, and the effectiveness of Dacinostat across observed tumor cell phenotypes, as well as the high immune infiltration of this CCA sample, these drugs may be translated into pre-clinical and clinical trials alone and in combination with checkpoint immunotherapy.
 Citation Format: Lorenzo Tomassoni, Aleksandar Obradovic, Filemon Dela Cruz, Daoqi Yu, Elise Fraser, Susan E. Bates, Yvonne Saenger, Andrea Califano. Case study of single-cell protein activity-based drug prediction and validation for precision treatment of cholangiocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 4083.


In this paper, we consider the generalized Cauchy problem with Cauchy data given on a semi-bounded non-characteristic curve for quasilinear hyperbolic systems. Under suitable assumptions, we obtain the global existence and uniqueness of the C1 solution on the corresponding maximum determinate domain. By means of this result, we globally solve an inverse piston problem for one-dimensional gas dynamics as follows: suppose that the original state of the gas on the right-hand side of the piston and the position of the forward shock are known, then we can globally determine the speed of the piston in a unique manner.


which predicts for a foam of constant density a straight line relationship for a plot of In (Df/T) vs 1/T, where T is the absolute temperature. Both Equations 2 and 4 were confirmed (Reference 1 and 2) for foams where diffusion coefficients were measured by a simple technique which monitored the time-dependent weight loss of gas from foams exposed to vacuum. However, there was a concern that diffusion coefficients measured by the weight loss technique were an averaged value, and that D may not be constant throughout the foam, but possibly vary as a function of foam depth and/ or gas pressure. This article presents the results of a study which monitored gas diffusion in a foam by directly measuring the internal gas pressure at vari-


Goal: The registration of retinal images captured at different view angles and different time or by different imaging systems plays a crucial role in diagnosis of ophthalmic disease. However, existing methods which are typically solved by matching feature points suffer from great challenges due to poor image quality, different image modalities and partial overlap. Methods: In this paper, we propose a joint vessel segmentation and speed up robust feature (SURF) based registration method implemented in both monomodal and multimodal retinal images. We adopt Dense U-net and patch-based learning strategy to realize the vessel segmentation of retinal images after our preprocessing, and then we extract the vessel features based on SURF detector to realize registration. The method was performed on two public challenging datasets and was evaluated by root-mean-square-error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD). Results: The results show that our method can acquire more key points and more correct matching pairs, and the success rate surpasses 90% in two datasets. The robustness and accuracy of our method outperform four state-of-the-art registration methods. Conclusion and significance: These findings demonstrate that our method can integrate the complementary information from different modality retinal images and improves the efficiency and accuracy of diagnosis.


Background: A balanced and adequate diet is of utmost importance during pregnancy to meet the increased needs of the mother and to prevent nutritional stress. Studies have shown that a majority of pregnant women in India consume food that is deficient in protein, caloric content and other vital nutrients. In Maharashtra, 20.8% women aged 15-49 years are malnourished and 54.2% are anaemic (NFHS 5 {2019-2020} state fact sheet). Poor dietary intake is one of the common cause of micronutrient deficiency. Maternal anaemia contributes to intergenerational cycle of poor growth in the off spring.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in antenatal care outpatient department (ANC-OPD) of BJGMC and SGH, Pune from January 2021 to February 2021. The 94 antenatal mothers were selected randomly. Semi structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data. Percentages and frequency were used to describe continuous and categorical variables. Test of significance chi square was used with p value less than 0.05 as significant. Analysis was done using SPSS version 26.0.Results: The 91.5% subjects were aware about need of extra amount of food during pregnancy. The 95.7% agreed having extra food during pregnancy is good for health of mother as well as for baby. The 67% actually practiced adding extra food during pregnancy.Conclusions: Education level of pregnant women and socio-economic status were positively associated with nutrition knowledge. The study shows satisfactory knowledge and attitude toward nutrition and diet during pregnancy but practices toward nutrition is still lacking among the study population. Thus, significant gap is there in translating knowledge attitude in practice.


Centrifugation of isolated myelin on discontinuous sucrose gradients resulted in a separation into three bands and a pellet. The three bands were morphologically identical to myelin, whereas the pellet consisted primarily of vesicular membranes. These four fractions differed from one another in their lipid‐to‐protein ratios and in molar ratios of cholesterol:phospholipid:galactolipid. All of the fractions contained proteins typical of myelin, although the proportions of the proteins varied, with the pellet being the lowest in basic protein and proteolipid protein. High activity of 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotidase and low activity of cerebroside sulphotransferase further distinguished these fractions from the microsomal fraction. Distribution of radioactive sulphatide in the subfractions at 15 min after intracranial injection of radioactive sulphate indicated that newly‐labelled sulphatide first appeared in the lipid‐poor fractions, followed by the lipid‐rich fractions; results of pulse‐chase experiments also suggested this relationship. Several days or weeks after the injection of radioactive sulphate, most of the radioactive sulphatide was in the lipid‐rich fractions.


Preparation for sampling various forms of phosphorus using potable water, soluble reactive phosphorus water, particulate phosphorus water, poly-phosphorous and river water were conducted to culture microorganism, and prepared total phosphorus concentration ranged between 0µg/L and 100µg/L. Total bacterial count was measured after 24 hours. Results showed the sequence of growing rate priority was as follows, river water, particulate phosphorus water, soluble reactive phosphorus water, poly-phosphorus and potable water with the same phosphorus concentration. Since the growth condition of bacteria correlates with the nutrient of phosphorus in water, total bacterial count represents the growth potential of microorganism in the water under various forms of phosphorus condition. Based on the result, it was proposed that 10µg/L of total phosphorus or 5µg/L of soluble total phosphorus should be the limitation standard of biological stability for potable water.


introduction and background In 1936, twenty years before I was born, Siginund Freud was 80 years old and soon to flee to London to escape the rise of fascism. Melanie Klein had been in London for ten years and was writing about the 'Depressive Position' infantile guilt and concern for the mother in the context of weaning (Klein 1936). At the same time, in the Jarrow Crusade, 200 men inarched 300 miles to London to hand in a petition to Downing Street to protest at the miseries of poverty: 70% unemployment and huge social inequalities. Sixty-six years later, poverty, unemployment and inequality are still serious if less acute problems in this part of the North East of England. Female unemployment is lower than male, but many women's jobs are poorly paid. The tightknit communities at the mouth of the River T p e struggle for resurgence against a background of post-industrial betrayal which includes the Miners' strike in the 1980s and the decline of the shipyards. Despite this, the region is renowned for retaining a strong cultural identity. This is the social-economic context in which I have been working with two colleagues, Tracey Jefferson and Vivienne White, to establish a psychoanalytically-based infant mental health service in a community setting. This paper is about experiences arising out of this work. I will try to trace some of the links with Infant Observation and discuss the emer-


My work is about encompassing the general human emotions that are multi-layered in all of us. By submerging beyond the emotions of the heart, I come into contact with an inexplicable feeling of melancholy, and my works quietly speak for me through the layering of gossamer fabrics. Also, my experience of Western and Eastern cultures, from Buddhism to Existentialism, from traditional to modern, helps me to realize the differences and to uncover the galvanizing connections among them.


We study the problem of recovering both K communities and their features from a labeled graph observation. We assume that the edges of an observed graph are generated as per the symmetric Stochastic Block Model (SBM), and that the label of each node is a noisy and partially-observed version of the corresponding community feature. We characterize the information-theoretic limit of this problem, and then propose a computationally efficient algorithm that achieves the information-theoretic limit.


This is the third in a series of occasional articles looking at developments in Chinese agriculture. China has about 5 million km2 of grassland suitable for rearing livestock, with some 45.5 million people living in these areas. In the past ten years, great achievements have been made in animal husbandry, due to the implementation of economic reform policies in these areas. However, development has been slowed by inadequate inputs and for other reasons.


The need for unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) to operate autonomously and to manage their operation with minimal intervention from the ground control station, in order to reduce the datalink utilization and maximize their exploitation in beyond line of sight (BLOS) operations, has been long recognized within industry and research institutes. Many artificial intelligence (AI) techniques try to address the challenge of moving UAV towards full autonomy. However, no single technique has been able to provide the required autonomy for unmanned platforms. This paper presents a unmanned air systems (UAS) architecture within which the different AI methodologies applicable to each subsystem are presented.


In the name of sustainability, renewable energy production plays an increasing role in the electricity generation. With the spread of photovoltaic power plants, new challenges are emerging for experts to maintain grid stability due to their dependence of sunlight intensity. The fact, that power generation of these power plants can be unpredictable, must be considered. In addition, growing in numbers also means that the lightning protection of photovoltaic power plants is more and more important to ensure their energy generation during appropriate weather conditions. According to the standardized procedure, the lightning protection of these systems can be constructed. The paper indicates, the calculations strictly based on the standard are leading to a protection system that is not cost-efficient and - in most cases - elements of the primary protection system can be neglected without significantly lowering the protection level. In order to demonstrate a more efficient way to create primary protection, a real photovoltaic power plant is featured in this article. The method to examine the geometry and plan a more efficient primary lightning protection system is based on the PMAS theory. Different zones of the examined photovoltaic power plant are selected to present the calculation.


NEW YORK, Oct. 20 (AP)-A complete new canal, over an new surgical part for the human entirely different route. body, a long, tubelike channel to ' It was reported by G e 0 r g e connect the liver and stomach, Ewart Wilson, M.D., fellow of the was reported to the American Royal College of Surgeons, ToCollege of Surgeons today. ronto. He first inserts a "scatThe channel is made of the infold" in the form of a catheter, ternal tissues of the body of the a still rubber tube. This is placed patient. It replaces the duct to run from the bile exit of the which carries bile from the liver liver across the top of the stom· High Officials Named · In N. M. Grand Jury WP A Graft Exposure · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Union Officials Suggest Plant Should Reopen ------------------------. to the digestive system. ach, its outer end exposed through We're in the Anny Now This duct is about four inches the surgical wound. Hoover Speaks Against New Deal


The paper begins with analyzing the status quo of teaching Chinese character literacy. The reason why the main meaning of the commonly used words can not be explained precisely and why the mistaken words remain the same is explained, the concrete meaning and the feasibility of teaching Chinese charactre literacy through association of the word form and its meaning by analyzing the link and the rule between the form, sound and meaning is discussed, and the experimental proposition is presented in this paper.


There is ambiguity in identifying the aspects of al-Qur'an miracles, that is caused by no clear difference in understanding the aspects of al-Qur'an miracles and the justification. To understand those two aspects, the aspect that makes al-Qur'an as a holy script that have miracles and the aspect that justify that al-Qur'an is from Allah swt, there is an important step so that we will not be entrapped in the ambiguity. In addition, there is a difference among the ulama (Islamic scholars) in formulating the aspects of miracle in al-Qur'an. This is a difference emerging at the early generation of Islamic development. Along the history, the difference is more and more varied. Language aspect is the only aspect that makes al -Qur'an as a holy script having miracle. While the content of al -Qur'an such as the news of ghaib, law completeness, and Allah's miracle spread in the universe has no relationship with the challenge implied to the miracle, instead the miracle in the content of al-Qur'an as part of the proof justifying that al-Qur'an is from Allah swt.


In order to explore the drought-resistant ability of pear jujube( Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lizao) in Loess Plateau region of northern Shaanxi,a pot experiment was conducted with 2-year old seedlings as the material,and its process from wilting to death was investigated under continuously unirrigated condition. The degenarative process of pear jujube under unirrigated condition was classified into four periods: temporary wilting,initial wilting,apparent permanent wilting and drought caused death. The results showed that the initial wilting coefficient of pear jujube was between 2. 017% and 3. 054% with an average of 2. 494%; the apparent permanent wilting coefficient was between 1. 199% and 1. 998% with an average of 1. 489%; the permanent wilting coefficient was between 1. 250% and 1. 489%; the drought lethal point was 1. 250% and the lethal time was 135 ± 11 days. It was concluded that pear jujube was a kind of drought-resistant fruit tree,and it could not become dead of drought in semi-arid loess hilly regions.


The Health Technology Assessment (HTA) has emerged in recent years as a useful tool in healthcare decision-making. It is a multidisciplinary process that summarizes information about the medical, social, economic and ethical issues related to the use of a health technology and provides evidence-based information on how to allocate resources. The experience of Siena University Hospital is an example of multidisciplinary hospital-based HTA. In the present paper we summarize the organization of HTA commission and the assessment methodology of the purchase, rental or sale of medical equipment and medical devices. Furthermore we illustrate the data concerning the commission activities in 2013.


The electron drift mobility in films of tris(8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminum (Alq) deposited at different rates (0.2, 0.4, and 0.7 nm/s) on silicon has been determined by the time-of-flight technique. It has been found that the drift mobility of electrons in Alq increased by about two orders of magnitude as the deposition rate decreased from 0.7 to 0.2 nm/s. Further, the electron drift mobility in all Alq samples increased linearly with the square root of the applied electric field. Electroluminescent devices with a structure of indium tin oxide/α-naphthylphenylbiphenyl amine (NPB, 90 nm)/Alq (90 nm)/Mg:Ag were fabricated at different Alq deposition rates. The device efficiency was found to increase with increasing electron mobility in Alq. As the electron is the minority carrier in the present device, an increase in electron mobility in Alq would thus lead to an increase in device efficiency.


Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) are birds that stand out due to their appearance, curiosity and docility and, therefore, have been raised as pets. Because they are quite curious, they may end up ingesting items used as environmental enrichment. The objective of this work is to report the ingestion of metallic objects by cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) from inadequate environmental enrichment. A cockatiel was sent by the owner to the Center of Medicine and Research in Wild Animals (CEMPAS), with a suggestive history of ingestion of metallic toys, present in its environment. In the radiographic examination of the coelomic cavity, there was the presence of a moderate amount of granular material of metallic radiopacity in the inglury and ventricle, confirming the initial suspicion of foreign body ingestion. Treatment with fluid therapy (Ringer lactate), dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), lactulose and metoclopramide was instituted. One week after the consultation, a control radiograph was performed, in which the radiopaque content in the ventricle was reduced and its absence was absent. After 10 days, the animal showed clinical improvement and a new radiographic examination showed a small amount of the foreign body. After 45 days, the animal was discharged.


Objectives To investigate the mid-and long-term effects of domestic produced sirolimus drug-eluting stent on heart rate turbulence in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods According to the different therapies,patients with acute myocardial infarction were divided into 2 groups: percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) group(n=76) and routine medical treatment group(n=53).The 24 h ambulatory eletrocardiolography was performed 24 h,1 week,3 months,6 months,12 months,and 24 months after PCI.Turbulence onset(TO) and turbulence slop(TS) were measured by the original definitions using digitized 24 h ambulatory eletrocardiolography.Results Compared to control group,TS[(13.73±6.48)ms/RR vs.(1.21±0.53)ms/RR,P0.01] got significant improvement and TO(-0.21%±1.95% vs.0.26%±1.71%,P0.01) got significant decrease 24 h after the operation in PCI group,and this tendency was maintain for the following 24 monthons.Though TO and TS were improved after 3 monthons in control group(P0.05),the improvements were significantly lower than those in PCI group(P0.05).Conclusions Domestic drug-eluting stents implantation can improve heart rate turbulence in patients with acute myocardial infarction after a long time of the operation.


An HCN laser for infrared frequency synthesis has been designed to satisfy both conditions of high frequency stability and ouptut power. The influence of all the descriptive parameters of the laser on its frequency stability and power are analyzed. The optimization of the two above criteria is discussed with emphasis on frequency stability. On the 891 GHz line the laser shows a natural frequency stability (Δ f/f) = 5 x 10-9 with an output power of 20 mW-30 mW, and its maximum power is 100 mW.


International Framework Agreements (IFAs) constitute a significant attempt for the global governance of labour. IFAs are negotiated documents between global union federations and multinational companies that stipulate compliance with core labour rights and whose application extends to company operations worldwide. The first IFA was signed in 1988 while the overwhelming majority of the current total of 75 have been concluded since 2002. Although literature on IFAs is increasing, there are significant gaps on their impact in the host countries and supplier sites of the signatory companies (see Riisgaard 2005, Wills 2002, Stevis 2009, Fichter et al 2011 and Davies et al 2011 for exceptions).The aim of the paper is twofold. First, it examines the local impact of three IFAs presenting processes and outcomes of implementation, enforcement of compliance and monitoring. Second, it draws a number of policy implications for global and local unions, multinationals and the International Labour Organization (ILO).


Tungsten- 184 is a useful dosimeter for thermal neutrons, particularly for high-temperature applications. Correlation of neutron flux with cobalt- 59 activation and uranium-235 fission density for short-term irradiations is shown. The tungsten- 184 thermal neutron capture c r o s s section in the Plum Brook Reactor was found to be 1.94&0.08 barns. Cadmium radios for tungsten- 184 a r e about one-{ifth of the value found for cobalt- 59. The radiochemistry and counting techniques for tungsten- 185 are described.


A System-of-Systems (SoS) is a large-scale complex system that integrates multiple constituent systems, which have managerial and operational independence. In order to achieve higher-level common goals of an SoS, it is important to systematically integrate independent constituent systems by thoroughly analyzing and designing the target SoS as a whole. But before conducting these engineering activities, a number of various SoS stakeholders and engineers should be able to understand their SoS. In order to provide a holistic view as a common knowledge base, this paper focuses on developing a conceptual meta-model that represents SoS ontologies. By investigating several documents for Mass Casualty Incident (MCI) response systems, we identified essential objects and required features for SoS descriptions. Based on the investigation, we generalized the objects into SoS entities, and we develop a meta-model, called M2SoS (Meta-model for System-of-Systems). To design our M2SoS, we borrowed organizational concepts from meta-models for multi-agent systems, and entities and relationships are redefined to specify SoS concepts in M2SoS. Finally, M2SoS is analyzed with respect to SoS characteristics, and we evaluate if M2SoS can represent high-level ontologies for two SoS case scenarios.


With the literature review analysis,this paper summarizes and analyzes the literature of social sports specialty practice teaching system.Combining the model of"four subsystems,four platform,four levels"with the model of"driven-dynamic-control-security",this study re-build the social sports specialty practice teaching system based on four parts of the target system,content system,management system and security system,and provide the basis for the optimization of the social sports specialty practice teaching system.


Despite aggressive therapies, the survival rates for gliomas remain complex and accumulating evidence indicates that there are sex differences in patient response to treatment and the development of adverse events (AE). We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End. RESULTS: Program (SEER)-Medicare dataset to examine sex differences in treatment patterns and AEs in patients 65 years and older diagnosed with glioblastoma. We identified 15,693 individuals (≥65 years) diagnosed with glioblastoma between 2004-2017. Sex differences were assessed based upon their treatment modality: no-treatment (NT), standard treatment (ST) (surgery + radiation + chemotherapy), or other treatment (OT) (any other combination of surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy). Multivariable models were used to determine the odds of males versus females experiencing an AE by treatment group. Sex differences in survival were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. There was a significant sex difference in the type of treatment received by glioblastoma patients, with males receiving more ST than females (38% v 34%; p< 0.001). Females treated with ST had increased odds of rheumatoid arthritis or collagen vascular disease (OR=0.42; 95%CI, 0.30-0.59; p< 0.001). Females receiving OT had an increased odds of rheumatoid arthritis or collagen vascular disease (OR=0.59; 95%CI, 0.44-0.78; p< 0.001), and mood disorders (OR=0.81; 95%CI, 0.72-0.90; p< 0.001). Males receiving NT had an increased odds of blood disorders (OR=1.48; 95% CI, 1.12-1.96; p=0.006), cardiac events when treated with ST (OR=1.24; 95%CI, 1.10-1.41; p< 0.001), and respiratory events when treated with OT (OR=1.20; 95%CI, 1.07-1.35; p=0.002). Females with glioblastoma, receiving ST had an increased adjusted overall survival compared to males (p< 0.001), whereas no sex difference were observed in those receiving OT or NT. Our analysis demonstrates that there are sex differences in odds of AE and overall survival associated glioblastoma treatment, which could impact clinical treatment decisions.


As recognized by authorities on the subject, the Tisima (Kurile) arc meets the Honsyu arc (Sakhalin, Hokkaido, Honsyu, and Kyusyu) in middle Hokkaido in a linking ("Flankenkettung") manner, the latter meeting again the Ryukyu are (Korea, Kyusyu, and Ryukyu) in the same manner at Kyusyu. But there is so far no fixed opinion on the relation between the Honsyu are and the so-called Sitito-Mariana arc. The present author proposes here the term "crossing of two arcs" as a working hypothesis for the reason that he lays stress on the position of the giant "Yamato (or NOTOID) bank" recently discovered in the Japan Sea (Fig. 2), which he regards as the prolongation or an effect of the Sitito-Mariana arc. He next discusses the correlation between the form of the arcs and the expressions of the Earth's endogenous actions. At the positions of the "shadow of Linking", viz. Korea and Sakhalin, there have been very few epicenters of earthquakes, and no active volcanoes, and similarly these activities greatly diminish in the western half of Honsyu. Volcanism is most active where two arcs meet in a linking or crossing manner, and in sea-bottoms lying in the outer corner of linkings or crossings we have the largest number of earthquake epi-centers and gravity anomalies. Arcuate mountains are classified into: (I) Arcuate mountains as the direct result of an orogenic movement in the orogenic belt of the present. a) The alpine type, in which the same movement has causes both the folding of strata and crustal upheaval. b) The Japanese type, in which the folding of strata took place during either the Palaeozoic or Mesozoic era, the arcuate form of to-day being the result of a much younger orogeny. (II) Arcuate mountains indirectly related to orogenic movements, the Appalachian highlands, for example. Finally the author calls attention to the fact that Korea and Sakhalin belong to the "shadow" of an orogeny and their characters do not differ at all from those of the Great Kingan, Sikhota Alin, Tin Shan, and such mountain systems.


This book examines the connection between Ottoman policies and the formation of identities by using the concepts of proto-nationalism vs. nationalism, centralization vs. decentralization, and center vs. periphery. National identity, like personal identity, is constructed partly by means of history. The author, therefore, critically explores the historicization of Arab nationalism and demonstrates that the centralization policies of the Ottoman state did not aim for Turkification of the Arabs. The book is more than a study of centralization policies of the Ottoman Empire and its implications on the socio-political currents in the Arab provinces. Kayah demonstrates how Ottoman policies were catalysts in the formation of Arab and Turkish nationalism. The author maps out the way in which Turkish elite perception, that is, the opinion of the members of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), about the Arabs and Arab nationalism was formed. He performs a rigorous and compelling examination of the formation of the Ottoman policies in the Arab provinces. By exploring the policies, the au thor identifies the sources and the context of Ot tomanism, Islamism, and Arabism. The author, like the new genre of historical writings, is critical of the nation-state-guided writing and reading of Ottoman history.


In this paper, we present efficient parallel and serial systolic structures for combined multiplication and squaring over GF( ${2^{m}}$ ). The proposed structures have the advantage of computing both modular multiplication and squaring simultaneously for fast execution of modular exponentiation. They share the same hardware components for both operations and this gives them the advantage of saving more space than the case of using a separate structure for each operation. In addition, they have a regular structure and local communication between the processing elements and this makes them more efficient for VLSI implementation. Complexity analysis of the proposed designs and the existing most recent and efficient designs indicates that the proposed serial design has 31.7% lower area-time (AT) complexity than the previously reported most recent serial one. In addition, the proposed parallel design has a significant lower AT complexity over the recent efficient parallel designs by at least 96.9%.


The present invention relates to an electronic apparatus and a control method capable of providing route information. According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide route information to the electronic device comprising: a wireless communication unit; a search unit for searching for the destination input by the user; a display unit for location searched by the search unit It is set to a destination, and the path for displaying a set destination; and a control unit for controlling at least one home appliance transmitting a control signal based on the arrival time of a desired destination.


Ultra-low-noise Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) have been selected for the far-infrared Fourier transform spectrometer SAFARI on the space telescope SPICA, now under study as an M5 mission, operating in three wavelength bands: S-band from 34-60 μm, M-band from 60-110 μm and L-band from 110-210 μm. We report the fabrication and optical characterisation of a linear TES array for the SAFARI M-band, integrated with micromachined reflective backshorts and profiled pyramidal optical feedhorns. The design and construction of the cryogenic optical test facility used to illuminate the devices under test are described, featuring a variable temperature blackbody load, band-defining filters and an optical aperture. We observe effective numbers of optical modes, Nef f = 0.41 ± 0.03, and near-unity optical efficiencies in TES-backshort assemblies, with some loss of efficiency in the presence of horns. Stray light control measures are discussed in the context of a significant reduction achieved in long wavelength stray light detected by these devices.


Two families of sulfate-doped zirconia catalysts (sd-ZrO2) have been investigated by dosing the surface sulfates, and characterizing the solids by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The most suitable analysis method is discussed. The spectral features of surface sulfates, responsible for the superacid catalytic properties of sd-ZrO2, have been related to preparative parameters such as the sulfation procedure, the sulfate content, the crystal phase of the support, the thermal treatment of the solid after sulfation and the vacuum activation temperature of the catalyst.


An excellent method of showing the static accuracy of a multiplier is a three-dimensional graph such as that shown in Figure 1, in which error is plotted against input values of X and Y. This graphic method gives a readily interpreted visual picture of static performance over the full range of inputs. Figure 2 shows a circuit by which the graph can be drawn using an XY recorder. This circuit can be patched in