This study investigated the developmental factor in the use of visual information in auditory-visual speech perception in Mandarin-Chinese and English native speakers. Adults and 8- to 9-year-old children from two language backgrounds (Mandarin-Chinese and English) were presented stimuli consisting of /ba/, /da/, /ga/ and were asked to make syllable identifications in auditory-only, visual-only and auditory-visual (congruent and incongruent) conditions in clear and in noise. In order to test the second-language learning effect, an additional Chinese child group with a high degree of English exposure was also included. The results showed a developmental increase in the use of visual information and in the magnitude of McGurk effect in both Chinese and English groups. In addition, a positive correlation between the total visual effect and speechreading performance was found, suggesting that the smaller visual influence in the bimodal condition for children might be accounted for by their less sophisticated lip-reading ability. In regard with the foreign language effect, English listeners showed greater visual influence for tokens produced by Chinese speakers, but there was no difference linked to second-language exposure between the two Chinese child groups.


This paper presents the Partial Discharge (PD) investigation of defective medium voltage (3.6/6(7.2) kV) cable terminations and the impact of using different voltage sources namely AC 50 Hz and Very Low Frequency (VLF) voltage source of 0.1 Hz as supply voltage. The PD is detected by High Frequency Current Transformer (HFCT). Electric field stress investigation is carried out by using Finite Element Method Magnetic (FEMM) simulation tool. The defective cable terminations used are no-stress control, needle tip on insulation screen and sandpaper scrubbed termination. PD investigation is carried out by applying 50 Hz and 0.1 Hz voltage sources and Partial Discharge Inception Voltage (PDIV), Partial Discharge Extinction Voltage (PDEV), PD magnitude and Pulse Repetition Rate are recorded. The comparison of PDIV values demonstrates the impact of different voltage sources.


In this talk, I will explain how to reduce the spectral index to be n_s=0.96 for supernatural inflation. I will also show the constraint to the reheating temperature from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis of both thermal and non-thermal gravitino production.


The objectives of this research was to evaluate the inheritance of albino slayer phenotype in brushmouth (Hypostomus plecostomus, Linn 1758) through the crosses and reproduction performance. The crossing scheme consisted of reciprocal crosses between albino slayer and albino non slayer (SN, NS) and between albino slayer (SS), each spawning in pairs (1:1) with three replications and twice spawning. The fish used in this study were brushmouth fish (Hypostomus sp.) albino Slayer males 9.07 ± 0.5 cm, albino slayer females 8.96 ± 0.4 cm, albino non slayer males 8.87 ± 0.17 cm, and albino non slayer female 8.86 ± 0.16 cm. Slayer phenotype category was identified based on the caudal length fin with 4.43 ± 0.64 cm. Parameters determined included the phenotype distribution of albino slayer, total number of eggs, fertilization rate, hatching rate and survival rate. The results showed that all crossing schemes produced four phenotypes classes including normal slayer, normal non slayer, albino slayer and albino non slayer. The slayer phenotype of albino brushmouth was highest percentage (75%) in crossing with male albino slayer (SN, SS) and highest number of eggs, while the reciprocal crossing with female albino slayer (NS) produced albino slayer 55% and lower egg count. The ratio of tail fin length to body length in albino slayer phenotype was lower than normal phenotype of broom fish. The fertilization and hatching rates were not significantly different in all crosses; however the number of eggs decreased in the second spawning. The similar phenotype cross between albino slayer phenotypes (SS) resulted the best average of survival rate (92%).


In several MRI and MRS applications it is necessary to select a well-defined region of interest (ROI) with optimized signal-to-noise ratio and radio frequency (RF) field homogeneity. We have shown, theoretically and experimentally, that transverse field RF surface coils comprising a multitude of parallel linear elements are characterized by improved B1 spatial homogeneity and sensitivity in the central ROI, with respect to the standard square loop design. Finite-element modelling of RF coils tuned to 64.0 MHz was used to study the effect of the number of linear current elements and relative positioning with respect to B1 field homogeneity and sensitivity in the central ROI, both when empty and in the presence of a homogeneous tissue model. Workbench B1 field calibrations obtained with RF coil prototypes tuned to 64.0 MHz are in good agreement with our theoretical finite-element modelling. We have shown that the number of linear current elements and their relative positioning can be carefully selected to optimize either the B1 field homogeneity or sensitivity in the central ROI. We have shown that a number of multi-element RF coil geometries can be chosen to obtain an optimized RF field distribution and/or field amplitude. For example, we found that a six-element RF coil with 6 mm element separation is a good compromise for optimizing the B1 sensitivity (up to a factor 2) and the spatial homogeneity (about 30 mm with ΔB1/B1 ⩽ 20%) in the central ROI, with respect to the standard square loop or the two-element FO8 design. MRI images obtained at 2.35 T (proton frequency 100.34 MHz) with standard GE pulse sequences showed that the six-element FO8 prototype significantly increases the RF field homogeneity and RF field amplitude, with respect to the SL coil design.


The Centre for Health Program Evaluation (CHPE) is a research and teaching organisation established in 1990 to: • undertake academic and applied research into health programs, health systems and current policy issues; • develop appropriate evaluation methodologies; and • promote the teaching of health economics and health program evaluation, in order to increase the supply of trained specialists and to improve the level of understanding in the health community. The two units undertake their own individual work programs as well as collaborative research and teaching activities. PUBLICATIONS The views expressed in Centre publications are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Centre or its sponsors. Readers of publications are encouraged to contact the author(s) with comments, criticisms and suggestions. A list of the Centre's papers is provided inside the back cover. Further information and copies of the papers may be obtained by contacting: Both units obtain supplementary funding through national competitive grants and contract research. The research described in this paper is made possible through the support of these bodies.


The basic formula of pseudo spectral method are derived for simulating inhomogeneous anisotropic elastic waves field. The boundary modifying equations of characteristic variables method are derived thoroughly which have been presented by previous authors separately, and the explicit formula of 3D and 2D problems of solid and liquid media are given. 2.5D elastic wave field of two models are simulated,moreover, the polarization and time delay of S wave splitting are discussed in detail.


Working with the prototype EPrints digital preservation module, Memorial University Libraries is developing a set of best practices and processes associated with the long-term preservation of self-submitted digital content . Beginning with the output from DROID in the administrator's Format/Risks Editorial Tools we are identifying and addressing the issues and actions required to preserve various file types beginning with PDFs. The session will cover what we have discovered to date and will not necessarily describe a complete solution.


Nine subjects (6 males, 3 females) ranging in body mass from 90.9 to 45.5 kg ran repeated trials across a force platform while being filmed at 50 fps. The subjects ran five barefooted trials at each of three speeds: 3.35, 3.83, and 4.47 m · s−1. Force data were collected on-line and analyzed for the magnitude and temporal characteristics of the initial impact (Fz1) peak and the active (Fz2) peak of vertical ground reaction force (VGRF). Multiple regression and correlation analysis were used to study the relationship between the magnitudes of these kinetic data and kinematic and anthropometric data taken from the film and from measurements of the subjects. The results support the general conclusion that speed and, indirectly, body mass are significant effectors of the magnitudes of Fz1. In addition, other factors that correlate significantly with Fz1 are reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) and stature; half-stride length, step length, leg length, and vertical hip excursion during a half-stride cycle; and hip o...


Disclosed is a method for processing glucomannan which comprises, grinding glucomannans in low-temperature grinders, obtaining glucomannan primary refined powder through cyclone separator sorting, loading into an expansion-resisting tank containing solution with a concentration of 35-70%, immersing and stirring, scrubbing the primary refined powder, grinding, carrying out centrifugal dehydration, drying and reclaiming alcohol, grinding through vibration at low-temperature, sorting by cyclone.


A new microdisplay backplane architecture integrating digital frame buffers and pulse‐width‐modulation gray‐scale drivers eliminates external electronics in sequential‐color single‐panel projection systems while lowering power and bandwidth, permitting scalability to high resolutions. It delivers 256 gray levels per color with a native gamma characteristic programmable to values from one to greater than two.


This paper investigated, for the first time, the game and coordination of a dual-channel, three-layered, green fresh produce supply chain, with regard to its economic, social, and environmental performance. Considering that the market demand is dual-channel priced and sensitive to the degree of greenness and the freshness-level, four game models, under different scenarios have been established. These included a centralized scenario, a decentralized scenario, and two contractual scenarios. The equilibrium solutions under the four scenarios were characterized. From the perspective of a sustainable development, the economic, social, and environmental performance of the supply chain was analyzed. To enhance the supply chain performance, two contract mechanisms were designed and the conditions for a multi-win outcome were obtained. Accordingly, many propositions and management implications were provided. The results showed that, (1) compared to the centralized supply chain case, the performance of the decentralized supply chain case is inferior; (2) in addition to increasing the concentration of the supply chain decisions, the two contracts proposed can effectively coordinate the green supply chain and improve its sustainable performance; and (3) the performance of the supply chain is positively driven by the consumers' sensitivity to greenness degree and the freshness level of fresh produce. This paper fills a research gap and helps the participants of the channel recognize the operational decision principle of a complex green supply chain, in order to achieve a higher and a long-term sustainable-development performance.


It is our great honor and pleasure to welcome you all to the 1st edition of the International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies (ICEIT'15), which is held in Marrakech, Morocco in March 25–27, 2015.


Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is becoming a more commonly accepted approach to the treatment of obesity, but little is known about the views of patients who have undergone this procedure. This study aims to explore obese patients' beliefs and expectations, from before and after their laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) surgery. Their views regarding the procedure, the role of the LAGB, their own role following surgery and the impact of the surgery, were of particular interest.
Method: Eight patients were interviewed 12 months (+/- 2 Months) after undergoing LAGB surgery. Participants were purposively recruited from the Glasgow and Clyde Weight Management Service (GCWMS), on a first come basis. Each participant completed an in-depth interview in order to explore his/her beliefs and expectations about LAGB surgery. Interviews were transcribed and the qualitative interview data were subject to Thematic Analysis.
Results: Three superordinate themes emerged from the analysis and an analytic narrative was constructed under the headings 'The Need for Surgery', 'Not a Quick-fix' and 'Importance of Support'.
Conclusions: Although LAGB surgery results in many beneficial outcomes for patients, the expectations they hold about surgery may affect their ability to cope post-surgery, impacting on weight loss outcomes. The participant accounts highlighted that they have come to see the band as an 'aid' and that they themselves play an important role in managing their eating behaviours. Additionally, patients require support from a range of sources in order to maximise outcomes. A number of implications for clinical practice and future research are outlined.


I had been sitting alone in the gallery for about an hour trying to appear engrossed in the paintings on the far wall rather than in the people strolling by. I was in fact watching the people, particularly several groups of school children touring the museum. It must have been the combination of time and place that prompted my mental search for the long-forgotten words to an ancient saying. It was one of those unique sayings that we often come across, are impressed by, file away for cer-


Deep learning had been used in program analysis for the prediction of hidden software defects using software defect datasets, security vulnerabilities using generative adversarial networks as well as identifying syntax errors by learning a trained neural machine translation on program codes. However, all these approaches either require defect datasets or bug-free source codes that are executable for training the deep learning model. Our neural network model is neither trained with any defect datasets nor bug-free programming source codes, instead it is trained using structural semantic details of Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) where each node represents a construct appearing in the source code. This model is implemented to fix one of the most common semantic errors, such as undeclared variable errors as well as infer their type information before program compilation. By this approach, the model has achieved in correctly locating and identifying 81% of the programs on prutor dataset of 1059 programs with only undeclared variable errors and also inferring their types correctly in 80% of the programs.


Many of our traditional construction methods such as reinforced concrete construction are still greatly favoured by our construction industry. One of the common comment of the usage of structural steel in construction is it is a more expensive option if compared R.C construction. It is the aim of this research study to carry out a comparative study between structural steel construction method with one type of traditional construction method (R.C construction is chosen here)


Water is the basic needs of living things in this world. Infrastructure development that increased would cause the needs of water. Therefore, it has to be balanced with manage the good plan of water absorption region in an area. This research has been done in Kulon Progo districts that aimed at made maps and map the potential of water absorption region in Kulon Progo districts. The method used in this research was the tiered quantitative analysis survey with Geography Information System (SIG) software with the weighting parameter categorize model using overlap techniques in each parameter. The parameters were kind of rocks, rainfall, used land, and slope of the land. The data of the research was secondary data. Those were administration map, Topographical map, land used map, rainfall data, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), and soil map. The result of this research showed that water absorption region in Kulon Progo with dominated suitability condition in unsuitable class as wide as 32.804 ha followed by class as wide as 17.124 ha, and the smallest was class condition quite appropriate as wide as 7.976 ha.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate suicidal ideation and its associated factors according to sex in the elderly, by focusing on socio-demographic and health characteristics. Methods: Data were derived from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES ...


Objective: to analyze the contribution of diffusion MR tractography imaging to determine the value of the integrity and function of the great tracts of fibers in the white matter in healthy volunteers and patients. Material and method: diffusion MR tractography imaging was analyzed using with a 1.5-T , PHILIPS Intera Archieva, 7 min. of scans, TR-6.707, TE-89, 1.44 x 1.44 x 300 mm VOXEL, 0.3 GAP, 230 mm FOV, 3 mm thick slices ,acquisition 4, 112 x 116 MATRIX, EPI tec., Single Shot 16 directions in 10 healthy volunteers and 3 patients, one of them with angioma malformation, another one with oligodendroglioma, and the last case with diffuse axonal injury. 64 M. MARTINEZ ET AL REV ARGENT NEUROC Results: the tracts in the white matter were observed in all healthy volunteers. Regarding to patients, we observed displacement of fiber in one of them, displacement and non-infiltration in another one, and partial damage of the tracts in the last one. Conclusion: diffusion MR tractography imaging is of great value for observed the fiber and beam elocuent, including their functional state.


The air survey is specially superior in the regional environmental radioactivity survey,which is recommended by IAEA.Through more than ten years research.We have established the perfect metrological standard equipment and calibrating method,we have had the ability to provide the metrological assurance for the environmental radioactivity air survey.During the process of decommissioning of the nuclear facilities,we can hold the information fully of the radioactivity radiation of the decommissioning nuclear facilities and its surrounding area by Air survey.The scientific and effective data are available for radioactivity treatment of the decommissioning of the nuclear facilities in the range and the extent.It can effectively support the safety decommissioning of the nuclear facilities.


Wastes from electrical and electronic equipment are the fastest growing waste category. In order to reclaim most of this waste, it is important to consider environmental, safety and health issues of products End-of-Life phase as early as in the design phase. Maximum advantage is gained when these issues are already considered while new technology, such as printed electronics, is under development. The aim of this paper is to identify the risks inherent in the End-of-Life (EoL) phase of printed electronics. Possible risks include leaching of silver if placed in landfill, and toxic emissions formed during incineration. Measurement methods for quantitative risk analysis of example case are described in this paper.


Objective:To evaluate the valuation of fetal echocardiography in severe fetal congenital heart diseases in hospital of basement layer. Methods:1754 cases of fetal with eight standard sections were observed. Results:9 fetuses with severe structural heart diseases were diagnosed and proved. The true positive rate was 100%. Conclusion:It is significant for healthy propagation by fetal echocardiography in severe fetal congenital heart disease in hospital of basement layer.


In order to have dynamic, cross-disciplinary entrepreneurship education that is genuinely entrepreneurial, there needs to be some consideration that entrepreneurship is complex, chaotic, and non-linear. Individuals may become but individual action does not create the critical mass necessary for sustainable progress. This paper recommends that citizens should learn to be entrepreneurial, and societies should give them a reasonable chance of success by helping to break down barriers. In this way the entrepreneurial continuum is a collective, coherent and complementary action of communities, institutions as well as citizens facilitated by entrepreneurial public policies. The authors conclude that an entrepreneurial continuum follows the logic of complex adaptive systems.


The proximate and mineral composition of Macrobrachium vollenhovenii collected from Ovia River in Edo State was determined using methods of the Association of Analytical Chemists. All parameters analyzed were present in all the body parts of the prawn. The proximate composition of the whole portion was significantly (P<0.05) higher in levels of moisture and carbohydrates (9.10± 0.33 % and 62.66± 0.54%), crude protein in the flesh (41.94± 0.69% and 4.36± 0.14%) whereas fat, ash and crude fibre content (2.20± 0.05% and 0.56± 0.02%) were higher in the exoskeleton. In all minerals analyzed the whole portion was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the flesh and exoskeleton. K, Na, P, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cr were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the flesh than exoskeleton while Ca, Mg, Cl - , Cu were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the exoskeleton than the flesh. The result showed that the whole portion, flesh and exoskeleton of M. Vollenhovenii are a good source of protein, carbohydrate, macro and trace minerals. Hence M. vollenhovenii could serve as an alternative source of high quality protein for consumption and feed formulation for animals. Keywords : Prawn, Macrobrachium vollenhovenii , Macro and trace minerals, proximate composition, body parts.


Analysis of mechanical stability for external fixation device Orthofix in the case of anterior-posterior bending is carried out in this paper. Device is applied to the lower leg for the case of unstable fracture. Real device is mea sured and 3D CAD model is developed. CAD model is used for numerical structural stress analysis which is car ried out using CATIA V5 software. Results for displacements are obtained for selected critical places on the device and for the place of fracture. In addition, values of principal and von Misses stresses are obtained and analyzed. Using obtained results, conclusions about mechanical stability of device are formulated.


We have investigated interdiffusion and surface segregation in molecular-beam-epitaxially-grown stacked self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots. Using high-resolution cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy, we observe lateral variations in the vertical positions of In atoms in both the wetting layers and dot stacks. In some regions, the wetting layer thickness is much less than the dot height, while in other regions, the dot is immersed in the wetting layer. Using In and Ga atom counting, we obtain vertical In–Ga interdiffusion and 1/e segregation lengths of 1.25 and 2.8 nm, respectively. In the dot stacks, significant In–Ga intermixing, primarily due to In surface segregation, is apparent.


Health promotion programs have been constantly developed by the Health Surveillance Agencies of many countries aiming at tackling obesity. U.S. data revealed impressive obesityrelated costs of $117 billion in 2000 $61 billion for direct medical costs and $56 billion for indirect costs, i.e., those related to the impact of the disease on the country's economy. In the UK, economic projections revealed that indirect costs might have reached £27 billion by 2015. The majority of the educational and preventive actions target lifestyle changes, childhood obesity and diabetes. More than making the population aware of the benefits of healthier habits and their potential savings, stakeholders and funders are looking forward to better assessing the economic impact of health education programs, which can be quantified by different methods such as the time value of money analyses, shadow pricing, and the costbenefit and cost-effectiveness indexes. In the specific case of obesity as a risk factor for cardio-metabolic diseases, estimates obtained from different analysis reveal that great amounts of money – as high as 11.2 billion dollars – can be saved by delaying type 2 diabetes onset in 6 years, in a hypothetical population of 2 million obese adults who have effectively lost weight. Furthermore, in agreement with the ancient philosopher Virgil, who quoted "the greatest wealth is health", by living longer and healthier, people may produce more and improve individual and familiar financial lives, thus contributing economically to their communities and countries. The aim of this paper is to briefly report how to assess and calculate the financial impact of public health programs to tackle obesity.


At least one analyte in a bodily fluid, is a system (110) is proposed, particularly for detecting blood glucose. System (110) generates a sample (130) of the body fluid, at least one test element (128), it is designed specifically convey at least a portion of the sample to the test panel (129). System (110), the time interval is less than one second between the application of the sample generation and testing elements (130) (128), it is preferably designed to be less than 500 milliseconds. .FIELD 1


We carried out the de Haas-van Alphen experiment under pressure for a heavy fermion antiferromagnet URu2Si2. The detected cyclotron mass for a nearly spherical Fermi surface under pressure changes considerably, reflecting a change of the magnetic moment. The present result is, however, inconsistent with the recent phase separated proposal.


Vehicle Re-identification has evolved in recent times. Initially, clicking a single picture of a vehicle or a car was done manually, inviting the workforce to complete a specified task. With the growth in technology, the method and techniques in Vehicle Re-Id also have advanced, transforming from manual to automation. Surveillance cameras were used to capture vehicle images and retrieve information about a specific vehicle. Re-trieving and identifying the images of the vehicle is done using computer vision, the most important branch of computer science and artificial intelligence. Earlier, Vehicle Re-Id implemented a single algorithm on a dataset, making the corresponding result insufficient to determine its effects. This paper proposes a brief survey of multi-modal techniques and methods for vehicle re-identification and fingerprinting. The different attributes of the vehicle are considered for ANPR (Automatic number plate recognition) for identifying the number plate, focusing on the vehicle's details or features as the initial phase of identification, and then the vehicle number plate.


Based on the results of initial observations, teachers of SMA Negeri 2 Tanggul found some problems in the preparation of the curriculum assessment techniques and instruments. Their assessment test questions do not meet good learning outcomes assessment criteria. One solution to this problem is to optimize the supervision of the school principal. With the supervision of the school principal, teachers will be assisted in developing student learning assessment techniques seriously, and as best as possible. The research method used in this study was school action research, with a class X teacher as the research participant. The results showed that the teachers' ability to prepare student learning assessment techniques has significantly increased under the supervision of the school principal. This research gained three significant cycles, i.e. the pre-, the first, and the second, to identify the results of the assessment scores (test questions) prepared by the subject teachers. Their ability to develop assessment tools based on the data in the pre-cycle is only 56.16% as the average value of the components of the implementation of the learning process indicator of success. Then in the first cycle, the average value of the components of the implementation of the learning process increased to 74.36% and in the second cycle increased to 85.03%. Implementing the school principal's academic supervision in fostering teachers' ability to develop student learning outcomes assessment has contributed significantly to their preparation in learning achievement test questions. During this supervision, the principal coaches teachers to practice compiling test assessments until they understand and are proficient in making test assessment of student learning outcomes.


Creating and setting the right parameters for the virtual camera is crucial for any content creation process. However, this is not easy since most current camera models, including the X3D Viewpoint, use a 3D position and orientation in 3D space to define the final visualized image. People use authoring tools or simple interactive navigation methods (e.g. "lookAt" or "showAll") to ease the process but at the end they still move a 6D (translation and rotation) camera beacon to get the final image. We thus propose a new X3D camera model, the CinematographicViewpoint node, which does not force the content creator to move the camera but allows the author to directly define what objects he would like to see on the screen. We borrow established techniques from the film area (e.g. rule of thirds and line of action) that allow defining objects and object-relations, which the camera model will use to automatically calculate the final transformation in space. The new camera model includes additionally a model for global visual effects (e.g. motion blur and depth of field), which allows incorporating classical film effects to real-time scenes. Both approaches combined allow content creators building visual results and camera movements that are closer to traditional filming much easier. The proposed approach also supports automatic camera movements that are bound to interactive content, which has not been possible before.


The objective of this workpackage of the WebALT eContent project is to explore the state of the art of multilingual authoring and distribution in mathematics, and deduce from it requirements for a set of multilingual and multicultural tools that harness existing technology in this area. The document surveys • localization issues for mathematical formulae (Section 2) • authoring and display tools for MathML-Content and OpenMath (Section 2) • localization issues of natural language (Section 3) • localization issues for course content formalizations (Section 4) • issues of natural language and mathematics (Section 5) The survey concludes with preliminary recommendations as to those available tools that are most likely to be useful for the WebALT project. The information contained in this report is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by any members of the WebALT Consortium. In the event of any software or algorithms being described in this report, the WebALT Consortium assumes no responsibility for the use or inability to use any of its software or algorithms. The information is provided without any warranty of any kind and the WebALT Consortium expressly disclaims all implied warranties, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular use. This document may not be copied, reproduced, or modified in whole or in part for any purpose without written permission from the WebALT Consortium. In addition, to such written permission to copy, acknowledgement of the authors of the document and all applicable portions of the copyright notice must be clearly referenced. © COPYRIGHT 2005-2006 WebALT Consortium.


The invention discloses a straight seam welded oil casing pipe resisting H2S and CO2 corrosion and a manufacturing method thereof. The oil casing pipe is manufactured through smelting, square billet forming through continuous casting, rolled plate forming through control rolling, longitudinal rolled plate shearing, pipe blank forming through gas shield welding, hot tension reducing, heat treatment on a whole pipe body, coupling surface treatment and thread machining. The straight seam welded oil casing pipe has high strength and toughness match, crystalline grains are fine, and the H2S stress corrosion resistance is higher than the threshold value of that of the C90 steel grade specified in API 5CT standards; the straight seam welded oil casing pipe can be used in the environment where H2S and CO2 coexist, the CO2 corrosion resistance of the oil casing pipe is improved by 1.5 times or more than a conventional product, and the oil casing pipe can be used for oil and gas fields with certain requirements for H2S and CO2 corrosion resistance.


Introducing a new way of visualizing cDNA microarray data we have identified a new type of systematic variation, which we refer to as plate effects. We believe that plate effects are due to non-biological differences in the cDNA clones products spotted onto the microarray slides. By comparing the consistency of all replicates (both within and between slides) after performing 42 different normalization strategies we claim that the plate effects arenon-negligible and should be corrected for in addition to the already known intensity dependent effects. For comparison between normalization strategies we introduce a novel robust genewise variability measure, which we call measure of reproducibility. In our case, we also found that not doing background correction improves the reproducibility significantly. (Less)


On the basis of the analysis of the water level changes during the 1966 Xintai M_S7.2 and 1970 Tonghai M_S7.7 earthquakes and the study on relationship between the drastic flood-to-drought change and strong earthquakes with M_S≥6.2 in Yunnan in recent forty-odd years,we think the large-scope and large-area fluctuation of ground surface water and underground water is possibly the important factor to cause the nonlinear increase of stress in seismogenic area and make the source into unsteady state.


A monomer containing a tertiary amine group was employed to synthesize polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) preparing from acrylic acid (AA), itaconic acid (IA) and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAM). The terpolymers were characterized and tested for their dispersion performance in the absence and presence of montmorillonite (Mmt). These novel PCEs displayed better dispersion performances in cement in the presence of Mmt than did conventional PCE. Adsorption measurements and X-ray diffraction analysis suggested that these novel PCEs interacted with Mmt only via surface adsorption, in contrast to the interaction of conventional PCE with Mmt by both surface adsorption and chemical intercalation.


The maximum amount of somatic cell in a millilitre of milk defined by National Standardization Agency is 4x105 cells/ml. The condition of milk will be excluded from a decent quality if the amount of somatic cell is greater than it. Microscopic image of somatic cells counting is a conventional method which utilized by farmer or researcher to count the number of somatic cells from dairy milk sample. The problems of this method are: 1) The counting process is manually conducted which prone to miscalculation, 2) The different colour of staining (purplish, bluish, and greenish) may complicate the calculation. In this research, a computer-based approach is proposed to calculate the number of somatic cells from sample of milk and to eliminate the difficulty of different colour due to staining technique. Image processing knowledge i.e. erosion, dilation, colour conversion, and BLOB Analysis are involved and utilized to achieve the objective. Overall, the correctness of the system in detecting the number of somatic cells is 94%. From this study, a comprehensive system to calculate the number of somatic cells from cow's milk will be closer to be implemented.


Objective To compare the effect of insulin pump(CSII) and a series of subcutaneous injection of insulin(MSII) treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with high blood sugar.Methods CSII group and MSII each 22 cases,both the intensive insulin therapy.CSII before treatment the fasting blood glucose,postprandial glucose and MSII was no significant difference(P0.05).Results After the CSII group fasting glucose,3 postprandial two hours glucose and before bed blood glucose declined significantly than those MSII group(P0.01),achieved the expected level of enhanced control.CSII group fasting glucose standard rate(90.9%) was significantly higher than that of MSII group(81.8%)(P0.05),CSII group postprandial glucose standard rate(86.3%) was significantly higher than that MSII group(77.2%)(P0.05).CSII group MSII group using less than about 9.7 percent of insulin.Conclusion Control blood sugar equally effective in two ways,but CSII group more quickly and effectively.


New and recent results of laboratory measurements are presented which allow an assessment of four ion/molecule reaction schemes which have been proposed for the gas-phase synthesis of interstellar cyanopolyacetylenes. The schemes are scrutinized in terms of the manner of growth of the carbon backbone and the manner in which nitrogen is entrained in the formation of ions of the type H2C2n+1N+ which may neutralize by proton transfer or electron–ion recombination to form cyanopolyacetylenes.


This information processing device is provided with a display unit configured to include multiple subpixels for each pixel, is connected to an output device which, through a lens, presents to a user the image displayed on said display unit, and generates an image to be displayed on the display unit. The information processing device receives source image data to be displayed, and generates corrected image data by calculating, for each subpixel included in each pixel configuring corrected image data, a corresponding pixel in the source image data by means of information about the location of said subpixel and a prescribed conversion formula, and by determining the brightness of the subpixels on the basis of the pixel values of the source image pixels calculated for each subpixel.


With the rapid development of tourist industry,a upsurge in construction of tourist areas are in the making throughout China;and this situation makes the land resources are getting more and more shortage.Based upon analysis on the characteristics of land use in tourist areas,these are: location,diversity,integrity,profit-making and relevance,the paper focuses on some measures for protection and rational allocation of land resoruces in tourist areas: perfecting land management system;making scientific plan for land use;strengthening resource accounting,property management,institutional and technological innovation.


In construction industry material management is related to planning, procurement storing and providing the appropriate material of right quality, right quantity at a right place at right time. Material management is carried out in industries to achieve economy, to complete project within time, to reduce wastage, to achieve good quality, to use all the available resources, to minimize chances of delaying or stopping of activities in construction. Traditional approach toward material management on construction projects leads to material waste, cost of which is high, delay in project occurs, and errors occurs. If the construction material is managed properly then economy would gain. The project will be completed within time, with less losses of material. Material management contains mainly 4 process i.e. planning, procurement, logistics and inventory. There should have coordinatorily and well communicatory material management is very essential. So that the proper management of this single largest component can improve regularity of various performing activities and the economy of a project and help to ensure timely completion of project. One of the major problems in delaying construction projects results in poor material management. This paper contains the different methods used by the construction industries for their material management process .There is need of implementation of new technology for proper communication in material management. The findings showed that there were high numbers of common ICT tools involved at the planning and procurement stage of materials management processes while logistic and inventory stage has the lowest adoption of ICT tools. It is also found that modern tracking technologies such as RFID and bar coding system has not been utilized in construction Industries for material management .This was due to the high investments required to purchase the ICT tools and staffs training as well as qualified ICT specialist are needed.


In this manuscript, a new family of k- Gaussian Fibonacci numbers has been identified and some relationships between this family and known Gaussian Fibonacci numbers have been found. Also, I the generating functions of this family for k=2 has been obtained.


The effects of the gravitational potential energy change (GPEC) and the thermal stress on finger microvascular responses were studied by laser Doppler and ultrasonic Doppler flowmetry. Seven healthy male subjects, aged 21 to 31 yrs, participated in the experiment after giving their informed consent. The hand was moved upward (about 60 cm) or downward (about 55 cm) from the heart level to change the vascular transmural pressure of the finger (GPEC). Sensors of laser Doppler and ultrasonic Doppler flowmeters were attached to the lateral side of the first finger and the skin surface over the radial artery , respectively. Experimental room temperature was maintained at 24•Ž. Laser Doppler flow (LDF) was decreased at an elevated and lowered arm position. The pulsatile component of LDF, evaluated by the difference between systolic and diastolic LDF, increased when the arm was elevated, but it showed no significant changes when the arm was lowered . Mean blood velocity (MBV) and diastolic blood velocity (DBV) of radial artery decreased when the arm was elevated, whereas the pulsatile blood velocity (PBV), evaluated by the difference between systolic blood velocity (SBV) and DBV, were increased. At the lowered arm position , SBV and PBV decreased significantly, but DBV showed no significant changes. The thermal stress (43•Ž,10 min) increased the PBV when the arm was elevated, but the PBV diminished the decreasing rate when the arm was lowered. These results suggest that the measurements used may be useful for the analysis of arteriolar compliance and microvascular response to the change of transmural pressure produced by the gravitational potential energy change. (Jpn. J. Phys. Fitness Sports Med. 1990, 39 :106•`113) key words : gravitational potential energy change, ultrasonic Doppler flowmetry , laser Doppler flowmetry, arteriolar compliance, capillary flow channel


The objective of this article was to understand the relationship between gender constructions and the process of going/settling on the streets, as well as their effects on access to health services for homeless people in the city of Florianópolis/SC. Gender relations were analyzed in the trajectories of 28 gay, lesbian and heterosexual homeless people in the city of Florianópolis/SC/Brazil, based on a social constructionism research developed from December 2017 to February 2018. Family conflicts and non-acceptance of the gender identities were narrated as a fuse of going to the street and as aggravating for violence situations in the street context. The stigma for being homeless and non-heterosexual was understood as an obstacle to the use of health and social services. It is concluded that gender relations and male domination are related to the process of breaking of family ties and going to the street. Women and LGBT people are more vulnerable. Heterosexual men suffer for maintenance their dominant position. Further studies are recommended to deepen the relationship between gender, homeless and access to public policies.


In his poem "To Nicodemus Biernacki," a work which astonishes by its complicated and at the same time transparent idea, Norwid speaks of the life of art and of the fate of the artist, in this case a musician, in forceful short statements. For a person unfamiliar with the entirety of Norwid's work these may appear to be hieroglyphic, but in their essence they contain the entire program of Norwid as artist, a program full of contradictions and efforts at overcoming precisely these contradictions. The goal of art?the poet seems to be saying?is to reveal the deception of life. The contradiction lies in the fact that art is not essentially identical with life, but is deception, mask, spectacle. But in certain instances this unavoidable deception of art, it would seem, suddenly tears down the deceptions, accumulated by the cir cumstances of life. In his essay "On Art" Norwid refers to Shakespeare's "theatre in the theatre," to its role in Hamlet. The ruse of the Prince of Denmark tears asunder the veils which had concealed the crime; art enters life and leads up to the final consequences of the tragic entanglement. The deception of art, this splendor of deception, becomes momentarily trans formed into the glare of truth, into a judgment on the deeds and the heart of man. This takes place especially at that moment when the whole of reality had become a mask so that the mask of art when it steps onto the stage of life becomes more real than reality. "... that which I suffer is beyond dis sembling," says Hamlet (in Norwid's translation). So then, one of the greatest goals of art is the revelation of truth. But truth is always tragic; and he who uncovers it, does not do so unpunished. That's why the life of an artist must be tragic. The Orpheus-Chopin perishes, torn to pieces by the goddesses of vengeance, like "everything which will arouse." When art reaches the truth of life, it must shake off magic, just as in the poem "To Nicodemus Biernacki" the enchanted princess does, who has the key to the echo, and who wakes up when she hears the word "Truth."


This study aims to determine individual characteristics, job characteristics, and occupational health and safety (K3) on productivity with job satisfaction Intervening Variable PT. Integra Indocabinet Sidoarjo. This research is a type of quantitative research with hypothesis testing. The sample used in this study were 75 employees of PT. Integra Indocabinet Sidoarjo. The analytical tool used in this research is partial least square (PLS). The results of this study prove that individual characteristics affect job satisfaction, job characteristics affect job satisfaction, job characteristics affect job satisfaction, individual characteristics affect productivity, job characteristics affect productivity, job characteristics affect productivity, job satisfaction affects productivity, Individual characteristics affect productivity mediated by job satisfaction, job characteristics affect productivity mediated by job satisfaction, job characteristics affect productivity mediated by job satisfaction.


Demographic analysis or Pedigree analysis is an analysis of traits in a several generations of a family, in which the heritability of certain characteristic and features is studied. After Mendel's work this study started performing in the human beings. Demographic analysis is performed in the Tribal and Urban area of Raipur District, in which individual were interviewed and asked for their family history and hematological study. A study was carried out from generation to generation in which different diseases i.e., Diabetes, Cancer, Tuberculosis and Asthma were studied and compared on the basis of statistical analysis. All the Parameters were planned according to the earlier Researcher's those who already worked in these fields. The number of Cancer Patients was found to be the most as compare to other diseases. Finally it was reveals that these diseases were inherited either by their ancestors or due to some environmental factors. In Humans, Controlled Crosses cannot be made, so Geneticists must resort to scrutinizing family records in this hope that informative mating has been made that can be used to deduce dominance and distinguish diseases. From our study, it has also been suggested that the less amount of Vitamin D or sun exposure in childhood may cause Diabetes Type I.


Intersections at Grade has been prepared to ensure a consistent and appropriate approach to intersection design across Australia and New Zealand. It provides information to assist traffic engineers and road designers to develop intersection layouts that suit conditions at particular sites. This publication describes the many factors that influence the design of intersections, such as the speed and volume of traffic, the types of road users and vehicles to be accommodated, topography, environment and human factors. In particular, it provides guidance on the geometric design of the various aspects that are important to the safety and efficiency of intersections. However, the design of an intersection may require reference to other publications in the Austroads Guide to Traffic engineering Practice series. (a)


It researched on the characteristics of the narrative symbol of image in visual design when visual common sense changing to unconsciousness.It further revealed the basic relations among the three factors in the meaning interpretation of image,namely,visual intuition,symbol contextualization and unconsciousness caused by deep-level cultural consciousness.Integrating the above three factors,it put forward the concept of narrative symbol of image in visual design.


This paper presents a novel vision-based global localization approach that uses an object and spatial layout based hybrid map. We model any indoor environments using the following visual cues with a stereo camera; local invariant features for object recognition and their 3D positions for object pose estimation. Also, we use the depth information at the horizontal centerline in images where the optical axis passes through, which is similar to the data of a 2D laser range finder. Therefore, we can build a hybrid local node for a topological map that is composed of a metric map and an object location map. Based on such modeling, we suggest a coarse-to-fine strategy for the global localization. The coarse pose is obtained by means of object recognition and a least-squares fitting, and then its fine pose is estimated with a particle filtering algorithm. With real experiments, we show that our proposed method can be an effective vision-based global localization algorithm.


A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2012 on medium black soil to study the effect of foliar application of potash and micronutrients on growth and yield attributes of groundnut. The experiment consisted of six treatments (control, K @ 0.5%, Fe @ 0.5%, Zn @ 0.5%, B @ 0.2% and K @ 0.5% + Fe @ 0.5% + Zn @ 0.5% + B @ 0.2% at 40 DAS as foliar spray) thereby making six treatments tested in randomized block design with four replications. Results indicated that the application K @ 0.5% + Fe @ 0.5% + Zn @ 0.5% + B @ 0.2% foliar spray at 40 DAS results is significantly higher the plant height, number of branches per plant, dry matter at 45 and 75 DAS, number of nodules per plant, pod weight, 100 kernel weight, shelling per cent, pod and haulm yield. However, day to 50% flowering, CGR, RGR and test weight did not significantly influenced by various foliar applications.


Retinal damage due to high IOP is a cause of the blindness in glaucoma. Our previous studies in rats suggested that calpains were involved in retinal cell death in some glaucoma models. In primates, calpain‐induced proteolysis during retinal cell death has not been tested. The expression levels of the transcripts for calpains 1 & 2 and for calpastatin were assayed by qPCR. As in rat, all three transcripts were present at adequate levels, suggesting that the calpain system is active in primate retina also. A chronic (20 months) model of ocular hypertension in monkey showed hallmarks for glaucoma such as disc cupping in the optic nerve head and destruction of the lamina cribrosa accompanying degeneration of the ganglion cell layer. The limited number of monkeys in this in vivo study did not allow collecting retinal samples at several time points. Therefore, monkey retinas were incubated under 95% N2/5 % CO2. The activation of calpains was observed under hypoxic conditions, and leakage of LDH from retinas into the medium increased under hypoxia. Calpain inhibitor partially prevented leakage of LDH. These results suggest that calpain activation could play an important role in cell death in primate retina as it does in rat.


Do spaces where women are the empowered majority stimulate sociocultural shifts in hip-hop culture? In this essay, I examine three hip-hop events ranging in size, genre, and frequency that were US-based but drew an international crowd: B-Girl Be: A Celebration of Women in Hip Hop, the Women of the 5th Element Beatboxing Festival, and the Few and Far graffiti crew at Art Basel Miami. I focus on hip-hop's subcultural practices not to reaffirm a too-simple divide between "underground" and "commercial" but to analyze the dynamics of gender performance in less mediatized, less commercial forms. These event spaces are voluntary, mostly grassroots, sometimes sponsored, but never populated by megastars tied to the "bling" of international hip-hop business. At these events, participants strategically utilize the masterword "woman" in a Spivakian sense, to activate the transformative and pedagogical potential in asserting a collective presence. They mobilize under the word "woman" as a minoritarian method for visibility and empowerment consciously and critically; their performances are based not only on how they identify but also on how they experience their subjectivity in hip-hop. They rely on the pedagogical promise of performance to make their differences visible—to do the work of complicating what it means to perform "woman" in hip-hop. By demonstrating the effects of this strategic performance for women in hip-hop, I call upon readers to acknowledge the continued necessity of such spaces.


The invention relates to a preparation method of an energy-saving and environment-friendly microorganism secondary fermented fattening feed. The secondary fermented nutritive fattening feed is prepared from various waste straws, bean cake, oil dregs, weeds, tree leaves and the like through primary fermentation and secondary fermentation, and weaned lambs are ready for slaughter after fattened for 45 days. The preparation method can reduce fattening cost by 40%. The preparation method can save wasted resources, and can also avoid environmental pollution from straw burning; straws and fallen leaves are not burned, and wastes are effectively utilized, so that energy is saved and environment is protected, and haze is prevented and controlled as well; and the quality of mutton meat is also improved. By feeding animals with microorganism fermented feed, the disease resistance of the animals is improved, the dosage of antibiotics is reduced, and various trace elements of the meat such as protein are increased.


The implementation of boronizing in low alloy steel had been implemented tremendously in past years as this method offers excellent surface protection that led to enhancement of hardness and wear of the material. In conjunction to that, few parameters had been recognized as the factor that promotes boron diffusion into the surface of the material which is the selection of boronizing temperature and time. This study concentrated on the effect of pack boronizing on the boride layer thickness of 304 stainless steel which contained high amount of alloying elements. The microstructural analysis and boron layer thickness was measured and observed using optical microscopy and SEM analyzer. The microhardness of the material was measured using Vickers microhardness tester. The results portrayed that boronizing successfully induced boronizing layer containing FeB and Fe2B phases with thickness of 15μm. This resulted in major improvement of the microhardness values with improvement of 5 times compared to non-boronized samples.


Multimedia measurements have been carried out on the Stockholm Gigabit Network (SGN) where both CBR and 8 real VBR multimedia sources were used. We have measured various characteristics of the real traffic like cell loss ratio, cell transfer delay, cell interarrival time etc. with different traffic conditions. The measurement data are used to analyze the traffic profiles as well as the impact of ATM multiplexer on these traffic traces. The measurements and analysis of traffic shaping is also carried out. The main contributions of the paper is to provide a traffic analysis study of multimedia sources in a real ATM environment based on measurements.


On Celtiberian urbanism there are two discourses: on the one hand, the prehistorical discourse regarding pre-Roman Celtiberia an urban society. On the other, the historical discourse explaining how the Romans created the urban society of the Celtiberians, as the latter people Romanized. This master thesis focuses on this incongruence. Therefore, the main question is: What is the relation between Romanization and urbanization in
Celtiberia?
 Firstly, a short overview of the Romanization discourse is given to understand the different models proposed by Curchin (2004).
Moreover, the relation between Romanization and urbanization is taken in account to understand the idea of the causal relation between these two
'-zations'. Thereafter, the discourse on ancient urbanism is taken in account to understand what is regarded as urban. The urban theory of the
consumer city, by Weber (1922) and Finley (1977), is taken in account. Moreover, the central place theory proposed by Christaller (1930) is
combined with this consumer city model.

 The urbanization of the Celtiberians is treated in four phases. The first three have been proposed by Almagro-Gorbea (1994) for the Celtic peoples of the Iberian Peninsula. This treats the rise of urban settlements from the very humble beginnings of the first permanent settlements to the large urban *oppida*. I have added a fourth phase to this urbanization as I believe this is the final phase. In this phase the Celtiberian urban society is reorganized by the Romans to fit the Roman Empire. It is this change that had the historians to believe that the Celtiberian city was a Roman construct. Each phase is treated taking in account its archaeological, epigraphic, numismatic and written sources in order to understand the social changes that led to the development Celtiberian urban society.

Por lo que respecta al tema del urbanismo celtibero, tenemos que diferenciar dos discursos. Por un lado, tenemos el discurso prehistorico
considerando Celtiberia prerromana como una sociedad urbana. Por otro lado, tenemos el discurso historico, explicando la manera en que los romanos habrian creado la sociedad urbana de los celtiberos, es decir la Romanizacion de los Celtiberos. Esta tesina de maestria se enfoque en esta incongruencia. Por lo tanto, la pregunta principal es: ?Que es la relacion entre Romanizacion y urbanizacion en Celtiberia?

Primero, esta tesina presenta una resena del discurso sobre el tema de Romanizacion, con el fin de entender los distintos modelos que
introduce Curchin (2004). Ademas, este informe trata el tema de la relacion entre Romanizacion y urbanizacion, para que se entienda la idea de la
relacion causal entre los dos '–zaciones'. A continuacion, se discuta el discurso del tema del urbanismo anciano, para entender lo que se considera como 'urbano'. Ademas, este informe explica el modelo de la ciudad de consumo, de Weber (1922) y Finley (1977). Despues, se conjuga este modelo con la teoria de los lugares centrales, introducido por Christaller (1930).

 La urbanizacion de los…


This chapter brings elements of heterogeneity in public ritual or ritualized performance to bear on issues of power and agency. It illustrates two of its main conceptual elements: spatiality and performativity. To begin with spatiality, the chapter takes its lead from David Parkin's seminal text on ritual as 'formulaic spatiality,' that is, on the power-driven dynamics of the spatial layout of ritual. In the analysis of the Sakaraboutou public ritual which follows, the methodological considerations are taken on board in order to 'make space' for performativity, both in a literal and in a metaphorical sense. The performativity in Sakaraboutou is described in terms of the use/creation of space and mobility, the display of outfit and attributes, and the production and exchange of 'text'—mostly songs, but also other genres such as stories, and religious genres such as sermons and benedictions. Keywords:performativity; power; religious genres; Sakaraboutou public ritual; spatiality


"JM. Coetzee literary con artist and poseur" (scrutiny2 8 (2) 2003, a summary of which was published in the Sunday Times) gained for Colin Bower's paper an amount of public attention not usually attracted by essays in literary criticism; and, shortly thereafter, the announcement that Coetzee would receive the Nobel Prize for literature considerably magnified its notoriety. This is sufficient reason to attempt a defence against Bower's energetically developed attack, because, it seems to me, the example set by his sensational style of criticism potentially exercises a pernicious influence on our literary culture. (By way of illustration, as a critic with my own reservations about some of Coetzee's later works, I find myself inhibited by Bower's amplified noise: I won't now publish my criticism lest it be seen as supporting a campaign.)


Increasing emphasis is being placed on training for electrical equipment in hazardous (classified) areas for many reasons. The focus of this article is to develop training outlines, drawing from background information and references for the various crafts that require training. Adequate safety considerations of electrical heat tracing systems address proper training for the individuals responsible for their design, installation, operation and maintenance. The reliability and safe operation of the systems are dependent on this knowledge.


Background: Segregation and proper disposal of Bio medical waste (BMW) is very important concern for health-care workers and in general community. Effective management of BMW is very necessary and legal as well as social responsibility. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, Attitude and Practices of undergraduate nursing students regarding BMW management. Methodology: Descriptive observational based cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate nursing students. The study was conducted by using the demographic tool including, Age, gender, source of knowledge, religion etc. Knowledge Questionnaire about Biomedical waste and management, Likert scale to assess the attitude and Practice checklist used to assess the practices of subjects regarding BMW management. Results: Present study shows that none of the subjects had adequate knowledge, 66.7percent had moderate knowledge, regarding BMW management. And majority (70%) of the subjects were favorable attitude toward BMW management and most of the subjects practiced adequately. Conclusion: This study concluded that there were not adequate knowledge regarding BMW management. Training program are needed for student nurse as well as staff nurse who is working in hospitals and clinics.


The multi-mode dynamics of pulsed magnetic field gyrotron due to excitation of different modes at the fronts of high voltage pulse and slight magnetic field variation near the flat region of the coil current pulse was investigated. Careful measurements of radiation frequency have been made. Such information looks useful for future development of pulsed magnetic field systems and for analysis of present experimental data.


As part of the Wisconsin road weather safety initiative, the objective of this study is to microscopically assess rainy weather effect on the severities of multi-vehicle involved crashes on Wisconsin interstate highways utilizing a polychotomous response model, sequential logistic regression. Weather related factors considered in this study included estimated rainfall intensity for 15 minutes prior to a crash occurrence, water film depth, temperature, wind speed/direction, stopping sight distance and car-following distance at the crash moment. For each crash observation, weather station data around the crash location were interpolated using the inverse squared distance method. Non-weather factors such as road geometries, traffic conditions, collision manners, vehicle types, and driver and temporal attributes were also considered. The sequential logistic regression was tested with forward and backward formats for the polychotomous outcomes of multi-vehicle crash severity. The best format to predict the multi-vehicle crash severities in rainy weather was selected by combining measures of model performance for goodness of fit, parameter significance, and prediction accuracies. In conclusion, the backward sequential logistic regression model produced the best results for predicting crash severities in rainy weather where water film depth, the number of traffic lanes, tangent roadway section, peak traffic hours, at-fault driver's action at the crash moment, standard deviation of 5-minute traffic volume and safety belt usage were found to be statistically significant. These findings can be used to determine the probabilities of multi-vehicle crash severity in rainy weather and provide quantitative support on improving road weather safety via weather warning systems, highway facility improvements, and traffic management.


This article points out the most outstanding aspects in the curriculum self-assessment process in Business Administration at Universidad Nacional de Colombia, in Bogota. The main objectives in this work were to analyze the curriculum characteristics in order to carry out an assessment process to obtain better qualification; also, it attempted to analyze all the variables involved in the academic program, such as students, teachers, alumni, subjects, institutional environment, among others, and to identify strengths and weaknesses. The methodology used was mainly primary research, through which the actors' life history was obtained; secondary information was also used to analyze statistical and other relevant data. Conclusions point out different curriculum possibilities and, therefore, majors in Business Administration are invited to joint efforts in order to improve teaching quality. A follow-up of programs is proposed to achieve better academic quality.


Fatigue problems are increasing remarkably of riveted steel bridges operated for years. Fatigue assessment costs time and money using measured fatigue stress spectra. Computer simulating of fatigue stress spectra of riveted steel bridges can overcome the disadvantages. Simulating random traffic flow closes to practice according to the statistical results of vehicle load. The stress time history can be obtained through loading simulation traffic flow on the influence line of components. Then, the simulation stress spectra are got by means of rain flow counting method. The effectiveness is verified by comparing with the measured fatigue stress spectra. The result shows that the simulation stress spectra approach the measured stress spectra. It can be used for fatigue assessment.


With fresh lotus root as the material,the boiled sliced lotus root was processed with H2O2,Na2SO3 and NaClO.The content of physiological indexes such as total phenolic,reducing sugars,free amino acid,vitamin C and 5 hydroxyl methyl furfural(5-HMF) and chromaticity indexes such as lightness(L),total chromaticity sent(△E) and browning limit(BI) were determined.The commonly used color fixatives such as H2O2,Na2SO3 and NaClO were applied.The results showed that H2O2,Na2SO3 and NaClO could inhibit the browning of sliced lotus root.H2O2 and NaClO inhibit the browning by reducing the degree of Maillard reaction.Na2SO3 reduce the reaction rate of the oxidative and decompose of VC as well as reducing the degree Maillard reaction to delay the browning.


Objective To children and adult applications business loop circumcision of curative effect and complications were analyzed.Methods Using the quotient ring in 702 cases,216 cases of adult children were circumcision,the operation time,healing time,postoperative edema of the foreskin,postoperative bleeding,postoperative pain,postoperative infection and other indexes were compared analysis.Results Children group operation time and healing time were compared with the adult leader;the 2 group have different levels of edema of the foreskin;adult group consisted of 2 patients(0.3%) had obvious bleeding,the II suture,healed well,children were no significant bleeding;the 2 group after about 48h had mild pain,adult night more obvious.After disassembling ring when the adult group pain tolerance,pain in children group significantly,about 2 weeks after surgery to remove the ring more appropriate adult group;in 8 cases(1.14%),children's group in 2 cases(0.93%) had postoperative infection,after active treatment,healed well,the common postoperative tissue fluid,lymph effusion shape similar to the " pus " yellowish-white exudate,not infection.Conclusion The application of quotient ring therapy in children and adult prepuce or phimosis had good clinical results,should grasp the operation indications,choosing the appropriate model,intraoperative foreskin interior board retention should be appropriate,before and after the operation were necessary for the mission,must grasp the good postoperative disassembly ring time,to promote wound healing and relieve pain split ring.


The Russian wheat aphid (RWA) has become a crop pest of significant economic importance in wheat-producing areas of North America. Resistant cultivars offer the opportunity for both economic and effective control of this pest. The present study was initiated to identify genes for RWA resistance in wheat and wheat relatives and to assess the expression of the genes in a wide range of genetic backgrounds. Fifty-two lines, including wheat-related species from various geographic regions, synthetic hexaploid wheats, amphiploids derived from Triticum tauschii × T. timopheevii, T. ventricosum × T. turgidum, and hexaploid and octaploid triticales, were evaluated in the greenhouse for resistance to the RWA. There was a close association between leaf chlorosis and leaf rolling, two components of the RWA damage rating system, but the association varied with species. Close relationships were also observed among levels of damage recorded at six rating times for these two indices of RWA resistance. Eighteen entries wer...


One of taxes which was potentially to be explored as revenue source is Land and building tax. However, the realization of land and building tax revenue has always been below the target. The main purpose of this research is to analyze public compliance in paying land and building tax. This research was conducted with a survey method with a population of 9.174 and a study sample of 369 taxpayers. Data collection techniques used were in the form of questionnaires distributed to land and building taxpayers in three district in Palembang.The results of this study, Thefisrt factor that underlies compliance with paying land and building taxes is administrative requirements (78,59%), furthermore, the factors of tax sanctions, economy and awareness of paying taxes each of 11,38%, 5,96% and 4,07%.

Keywords: Land and Building Tax , Tax Compliance


In 2008, the leaders of South America assembled in the capital city of Brasilia at the behest of the then President of Brazil, Luis Inazio Lula da Silva. As the leader of the largest and the biggest of Latin American countries, President Silva had asked other leaders of the region to form a bloc of nations, which once agreed to, came to be known as the Union of South American Nations or the UNASUR.1 At the meeting, the leaders voted unanimously to form a regional group of nations in order to champion three major problems bedevilling the entire region: poverty, energy, and infrastructure. In the not so distant past, such actions would have been unthinkable by leaders of Latin America. Very rarely had they acted in unison and without the presence of the colossus of the North - the United States of America.Much has happened in the past three decades that signifies a changing nature of the ties, not only between major Latin American nations and the United States but also among the countries of the region. The winds of change have been blowing in Latin America for quite some time and these can only be properly understood by examining the changing political, economic, and social conditions on ground. Several global, regional, and local factors have contributed to such transformation. These changes have opened up opportunities for emerging powers, such as India.This essay, therefore, is organised into three parts. In Part I, the nature of the transformations unravelling in Latin America are described. In Part II, the recent rise of Brazil and what it means for inter-American relations, is highlighted. Finally, in Part III, the potential for Indian economic and political actors in the emerging region of Latin America is explored.Latin America TransformedNever before in the history of Latin America have there been so many countries living under functioning democracies, as they do today. After the group of developed countries, the Latin American region boasts of the maximum number of democratic countries. According to the 2011 Freedom House data, 70 per cent of the thirty-three Latin American and Caribbean countries are branded politically "free" while only one (Cuba) is considered politically "not free". Twenty-seven per cent of the countries are at various degrees of being "partially free". In contrast, only 41 per cent of the Asia-Pacific, 21 per cent of the sub-Saharan, and 6 per cent of the middle eastern countries are considered politically democratic and free.2 This is a far cry from the heyday of authoritarian and brutal dictatorships in much of the region in the late 1960s and 1970s.3 Such apolitical opening has unleashed an explosion in the number of groups and organisations that are now competing for the loyalty of Latin American citizens. Such high levels of political freedom and democracy are bound to usher in greater popular pressure on elected governments to be more sensitive to their citizens' demands.In addition, there has been a significant rise in the number of female chief executives in power in many prominent countries, a cultural shift, it seems, that is a striking departure from Latin America's past. The fact that countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Costa Rica now have (or recently had) female presidents accompanied by a greater number of female legislators and other popularly elected officials at all levels of government augurs well for a heightened sense of gender empowerment and the deepening of democracy. Furthermore, in a number of countries, such as Guatemala, Peru, and Mexico, female presidential candidates, though have lost key elections, have represented mainstream political parties that indicate a greater societal willingness to accept female leaders at the top of a political party's national platform.As a corollary to the above, new political movements have appeared on the scene that seem to represent the long neglected sections of Latin American societies, more specifically its indigenous groups. …


In order to improve the prediction performance, the complex depth network model needs a large number of calculation parameters, and the negative impact is the fact that it greatly increases the calculation time and energy consumption. In this paper, a fusion algorithm of model pruning and joint multi-model knowledge distillation learning is proposed. By constructing an adaptive joint learning loss function including distillation, multi-model training is carried out. This method can replace the training process of model fine-tuning after pruning. In this paper, firstly, multi classification tasks are carried out on different model structures and data sets, and a complex network model with good effect is trained as a teacher's model. Then, the channel pruning process of random pruning degree is executed to generate multiple student models. Finally, the accuracy of multiple student models is improved by using this method. The experimental results show that this method effectively improves the accuracy of each model after pruning, and the experimental results achieve a suitable balance between model performance and accuracy.


you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is one of the leading causes of intensive care unit admission, which results in high hospital mortality. Targeted temperature management (TTM) was introduced several years ago and is considered to improve neurological and mortality outcomes. This management process was implemented in our hospital in 2012, which was expected to improve the standard of care in OHCA patients. Purpose: We aimed to report the clinical and mortality outcomes after TTM was introduced to our hospital in 2012. Patients and methods: An analysis of data from the Medical Intensive Care Unit-TTM registry between 2012 and 2015 was performed. After successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, TTM was applied to all OHCA patients regardless of causes if there was no contraindication. The Cerebral Performance Category scale score and other clinical outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results: Out of 23 patients, 87% were male and the mean age was 54.5±18.1 years. The causes of OHCA from cardiac etiology comprised 52.2%. The most common initial cardiac rhythm was ventricular fibrillation (47.8%). The survival rate to hospital discharge was 47.8% (11/23), but neurological outcomes were in a persistent vegetative state (8/11, 72.7%). The group with poor neurological outcomes had a significantly higher Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II score than the group with good neurological outcomes (22.9±4.2 vs 16.0±3.6, P=0.01). In the multivariate analysis, initial shockable rhythm was associated with survival at hospital discharge (odds ratio 10.1, 95% confidence interval 1.1–94.3, P=0.04). Conclusion: TTM in OHCA patients gave better mortality benefits compared to our previous records, despite poor neurological outcomes. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was the major complication of TTM. Therefore, TTM should be considered in OHCA patients, especially in shockable rhythms, after return of spontaneous circulation.


Everyone has the right to a good and healthy environment as part of human rights. Hence, to actualize the right to a good and healthy environment, the community or everyone has the right to environmental information related to the role in environmental management. The research is a socio-juridical. The results show that the management of human environment in Manado is implemented through the establishment and implementation of local regulations. The issuance of local regulations related to environmental law enforcement are local regulations on Environmental Protection and Management; Domestic Wastewater Management; and Waste Management and Cleaning Service Fees. However, the three local regulations have not been implemented optimally. Even the local regulation on the Waste Management and Cleaning Service Fees provides regulations that are not in accordance with the needs of the community in waste management and not in accordance with the laws and regulations related to waste.


Aims. We are studying the effects of submm observations on the total dust mass and thus dust-to-gas mass ratio measurements. Methods. We gather a wide sample of galaxies that have been observed at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths to model their spectral energy distributions using submm observations (>160 μm) and then without submm observational constraints in order to quantify the error on the dust mass when submm data are not available. Our model does not make strong assumptions on the dust temperature distribution to precisely avoid submm biaises in the study. Our sample includes 52 galaxies observed at submm wavelengths. Out of these, 9 galaxies show an excess in submm which is not accounted for in our fiducial model, most of these galaxies being lowmetallicity dwarfs. We chose to add an independant very cold dust component (T = 10 K) to account for this excess. Results. We find that metal-rich galaxies modelled with submm data often show lower dust masses than when modelled without submm data. Indeed, these galaxies usually have dust SEDs that peaks at longer wavelengths and require constraints above 160 μ mt o correctly position the peak and sample the submillimeter slope of their SEDs and thus correctly cover the dust temperature distribution. On the other hand, some metal-poor dwarf galaxies modelled with submm data show higher dust masses than when modelled without submm data. Using submm constraints for the dust mass estimates, we find a tightened correlation of the dust-to-gas mass ratio with the metallicity of the galaxies. We also often find that when there is a submm excess present, it occurs preferentially in low-metallicity galaxies. We analyse the conditions for the presence of this excess and find a relation between the 160/850 μm ratio and the submm excess.


1) State capacity is defined as the ability to (1) formulate and implement policy in a cohesive fashion, and (2) extract performance from private firms (p. 6), which may be alternatively defined as the ability to discipline (1) state agencies and (2) private capital (pp. 163-4). The first is said to be intrinsic, due, I think, to autonomy in the Evansian sense of ability to formulate collective strategic goals (with the additional insight that this ability requires some mechanism for inter-agency coordination). But Chibber goes beyond Evans' notion of autonomy, arguing that it is the ability to formulate and implement policy. However, while corporate coherence may be a necessary condition for the implementation of policy, it's not clear how it is a sufficient condition for it or, more generally, how the ability to implement policy is purely intrinsic to the state. I think that Chibber's argument on the key role of state-society relations in determining state capacity is in reference to what he calls the extrinsic component of state capacity, (2). But I'm not sure about the status of (1). Perhaps there is an ambiguity in the use of the term "implement," which may mean "coherently implement given no organized resistance," rather than "implement as such." Otherwise, I think it would be hard to sustain the claim that the ability of a state to implement policy is solely a function of its internal structure. One would think, in any case, that the ability to implement policy in many areas beyond specifically disciplining capital also depends on the interests and power of capital. [EOW: This is an interesting issue, since it must be the case that whenever implementation of policy requires the cooperation of social actors that its effectivity depends in part on external conditions. But it is also the case that implementation always involves internal organizational and technological issues in the state. Thus, the formulation/implementation contrast cannot be a simple internal -cohesion vs external conditions contrast. ]


Data collected from six offshore platforms in the Gulf of Mexico from 1968 to 1971 during the Ocean Data Gathering Program are probably the most complete set of wind and wave measurements available off the Louisiana coast. The data and their quality, calibration, and usability are discussed with an eye toward familiarizing the potential user with the possibilities of the system.


identify in present-day Norwegian policy making. Although the Norwegian Army has an unbroken tradition as far back as 1628 and its Navy bore the impression of the double kingdom of Denmark and Norway before 1814, Norway's Foreign Ministry dates only from 1905. Finland for example has for a relatively long time accepted the fact that its fate depends on relations between the European Great Powers. It is difficult to find a similar train of


This paper discusses PM10(particle matter with a diameter less than 10 μm) grade collection efficiencies of a laboratory electrostatic precipitator(ESP) in terms of the electric field, corona discharge power, and gas flow patterns by means of the particle image velocimetry(PIV)and the electrical low pressure impactor(ELPI) technique. The wire-plate ESP has a plate-plate distance of200 mm, together with a single or two high-voltage electrodes. Moxa-moxibustion smoke is used as the tracer for evaluation of the gas flow and particle grade collection efficiency. Experiments, performed in air with a total gas flow rate of 85 m3/h and initial particle mass concentration of around 33 mg/m3, show that with increasing the field strength or corona discharge power, the flow changes from regular vortexes around the corona wire to multi-vortexes inter-reacting each other. As a result, optimizing the distribution of corona discharge ion wind is the key to increase PM10 collection efficiencies and reduce the power consumption. In terms of the particle number concentration and the applied electric field or corona discharge power, two ESP performance regions can be distinguished:Below 3 k V/cm, the grade collection efficiency increases with the rise of field strength or ESP index; it tends to saturate or drop when the field becomes higher than 3 k V/cm.


Embodiments of the present invention provide a device and method for data transmission in a VXLAN, to solve the problem of inflexibility in networking due to the fact that VLAN identifiers must be the same during data forwarding between different virtual networks. According to the device and method for data transmission in the virtual extensible local area network (VXLAN) provided by the embodiments of the present invention, a stored sub-virtual network mapping table is searched according to an identifier, carried in received data, of a sub-virtual network of a second virtual network, to obtain an identifier of a destination sub-virtual network in a first virtual network corresponding to the sub-virtual network of the second virtual network, so that the sub-virtual networks belonging to the same virtual network can be flexibly configured according to actual requirements of networking, and the sub-virtual networks in different areas can effectively implement data forwarding.


Abstract The main mission of the IAU OAD Task Force on Children and School Education is to support the implementation of the pre-tertiary education part of the IAU Strategic Plan 'Astronomy for Development'. In this presentation we will give an overview of the role and programme of the task force as well as a general discussion about the past, present and future IAU education activities and programmes.


A dish spring is widely used in petroleum mechanism,which contributes to shock absorption.The dish spring mainly bears alternating load during its working and its failure form is fatigue breaking.Through analysis,the dangerous point was found.Taking working stress of the dangerous point as a parameter,the mechanical model was constructed.Fatigue reliability model was set up according to stress-strength interference theory.The reliable optimization design was applied for the dish spring by using mechanical model and fatigue reliability model.Taking minimum volume of dish spring as objective function and taking the size and fatigue reliability of the dish spring as a constraint condition,the reliability math model was established.After using MATLAB language for calculating,the size and volume of dish spring are decreased.At last reliability of dish spring after optimizing was calculated by using ANSYS software.Compared with its reliability before optimizing,reliability of dish spring improves 5%.


This article examines the use of the couple relationship to address the effects of childhood sexual abuse of one or both of the partners, discusses the issues facing couples, and presents therapeutic guidelines for working with such cauples. It reviews related work in thefield and methods for treating couplesfacing other traumas, and gives an overview of available resources.


Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis family of bacteria in dogs, and Mycobaterium bovis in cattle or cats Animals can be infected by inhaling the infectious agent, often causing respiratory problems, or by bites causing skin granulomas The disease affects the lungs causing damage and lesions on these organs [2]. Variable clinical signs are observed, such as diarrhea or fever [2]. Thus, it is important to perform diagnostics to confirm that the animal has pulmonary tuberculosis [3]. Objectives: The purpose of this work is to correlate the anatomical features of the lungs with pulmonary tuberculosis in animals. Methods: literature revision. Results: The diagnoses can be antemortem or postmortem [3]. Scientists are still looking for a treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in animals to avoid euthanasia as much as possible. They are also studying in the search for new, more effective vaccines that can significantly reduce the disease [4]. Being a zoonotic disease, it is important to control and regulate this disease in the world by different epidemiological means, which can be sanitary or medical [4]. Conclusions: It is fundamental for researchers to know the pulmonary anatomy and the different specific variations in animals to succeed in finding potential treatments. Pulmonary tuberculosis is a disease with a high severity rate, especially in animals. Whether for the animal or human population, the awareness of the owners to vaccinate their animals and following the different diagnostic techniques to prevent the disease has a great influence on the control of the disease. through specific cellular and molecular mechanisms. Objectives: To carry out a bibliographic review of the literature to determine the state of the art on the inflammatory processes that occur in the omentum that lead to the formation of peritoneal blocks. Material and Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out on PubMed with the descriptors omental inflammation in peritoneum. Original


In this paper, we present our contribution to ABAW facial expression challenge. We report the proposed system and the official challenge results adhering to the challenge protocol. Using end-to-end deep learning and benefiting from transfer learning approaches, we reached a test set challenge performance measure of 42.10%.


COPS (crystal originated particle/pit), which are considered to be originated from grown-in defects formed during CZ crystal growth and degrade GOI (gate oxide integrity) of MOS ULSI devices, were studied with respect to the size and density distribution on a surface of CZ grown Si wafer by means of laser particle counter. Firstly we studied the relation between detection limit of COP size and various measurement parameters such as PMT (photomultiplier) gain and threshold level of laser particle counter (SFS6200) using AFM (atomic force microscope), OPP (optical precipitate profiler), and LST (infrared light scattering tomography). Then this method was applied to evaluation of as grown CZ Si wafer containing Ring-OSF region, which were revealed after annealing such as 1000 degrees Celsius for 1 hour in dry O2, and the COP size and density distribution were compared to those of the grown-in defects measured by OPP and LST. It was found COP measured by laser particle counter had good correlation in the size and density distribution with the grown-in defects measured by OPP and LST, and the COP showed slightly higher density than the grown-in defects by OPP. This means COP measurement by laser particle counter is a more sensitive method to evaluate grown-in defects than OPP and LST.


Vehicle noise has attracted more and more attention because of the development of the automotive industry. Vehicle tire noise is the main source of noise, so, we are increasingly studying tire noise. This paper described the study of the history of the tire noise, the principle of the tire noise and the factors of the tire noise. Finally, we also described a few simple ways including using the low-noise pavement, optimizing the structure of the tire tread and changing the tread rubber material to reduce tire noise. This study has created the conditions for improving and perfecting the tire manufacturing methods.


Assessment for learning (AfL) has been advocated by the government and educational agencies in Mainland China since the very beginning of the 21st century. However, its practice in Chinese classrooms is quite weak. Most teachers think that the practice of AfL is unrealistic in the present educational context, where Chinese examination-oriented culture is firmly embedded. The principal focus of this paper is on the cultural appropriateness of the implementation of AfL in Mainland China. The authors first elaborate the features of Chinese examination culture and its impact on teaching and learning and then link Chinese examination culture with AfL to identify the tensions between them. The tensions between AfL and Chinese examination culture include personal development versus competition with others, learning to learn versus rote learning and learning needs versus examination requirements. Finally the authors suggested some appropriate ways to promote the culture of AfL in Mainland China.


Viewed from a network perspective, we are all part of a network of relationships that is interwoven like a fishing net, providing both opportunities for and constraints on our behavior. Social network analysis (SNA) is a new approach to defining and describing society and its organizations and to assessing the impact of organizational structures. This 4-page fact sheet introduces Extension educators to possible ways to apply SNA in their work to plan and evaluate programs in a more efficient way. Written by Anil Kumar Chaudhary and Laura A. Warner, and published by the UF Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, February 2015.
AEC534/WC196: Introduction to Social Network Research: Application of Social Network Analysis in Extension (ufl.edu)


In 1968, in response to several high-profile criminal cases involving the surveillance of U.S. citizens without a warrant,' Congress passed Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, known as the Federal Wiretap Act ("FWA").i Before passage of the FWA, Congress saw a gap in federal, state, and local provisions regarding forms of surveillance due to technological innovation. It concluded that the present state of the law was "extremely unsatisfactory" and served "neither the interests of privacy nor law enforcement."3 The FWA embodies the dual purposes of Congress: first, protecting the privacy of wire and oral communications and the integrity of court proceedings; and second, preserving the ability of law enforcement to use taps in legitimate criminal investigations.4 With respect to the first goal, the statute provides strict limits on the ability of law enforcement officials to tap suspects without proper approval and authorizes civil suits against officials who violate the Act.5 With respect to the second goal, Congress recognized that wiretapping was an effective evidence-gathering mechanism, in particular against organized crime. Congress feared that the safeguards it established to protect innocent citizens from wiretapping (limits on unapproved tapping, plus civil suits for violations) could overdeter the use


Many state highway agencies (SHAs) have adopted pay adjustment provisions in their acceptance plans for construction and materials. In these payment adjustment acceptance plans, the percentage of material within specification limits (PWL) has been selected as the quality measure to relate production quality to pay factors, and pay equations are used to determine a pay factor for a lot based on PWL. Various pay equations have been proposed by the highway community for adoption in SHAs' specifications. However, the effectiveness of these pay equations has not been fully evaluated. Another issue concerning the pay adjustment acceptance plans is the risk associated with single and multiple pay factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different pay equations commonly used by SHAs and the risks associated with pay adjustment acceptance plans. This was achieved by developing operating characteristic curves associated with various pay factors and expected pay curves and Monte Carlo simulation for assessing the effects in the long run. The methodology suggested in this paper is transferable elsewhere where similar materials and specifications are used for the acceptance of pavements.


The aim of this work was to study the size of neodymium-poor RE carbonate prepared by precipitation with NH4HCO3.Effects of concentration of the reactant,precipitation temperature and amount of crystal seed on particle size were investigated.The experimental results show that,under the conditions of reactant concentration of 0.8 mol / L,precipitation concentration of 2.1 mol / L,precipitation temperature of 25 ± 2 ℃ and without crystal seed,the neodymium-poor RE carbonate can be prepared with a mean size between 20 μm to 30 μm and quality of the product meets the demand of client.