The commercial banks like NCBs, PCBs, SCBs & FCBs have been playing a commendable role in achieving the economic growth of Bangladesh. Default culture in many of the banks is a chronic problem. The object of the study is to focus on the performance indicators of banking activities of Bangladesh through highlighting their profitability & productivity during 1996–2005. Two hypotheses based on the said objectives have been tested. The findings of the study reveal wide fluctuation in interest rates, recovery rates, stuck-up advances, cost of fund, profitability, productivity, earning rates etc. Reduction in stuck-up advances, extensive use of working fund, reducing costs, covering the cost of fund, raising earnings, productivity, implementation of recently developed FSRP of the Ministry of Finance, preventing money laundering activity etc. are demanded to maximize the role of commercial banks in economic advancement of Bangladesh. With the recent market economy concept, introduction of modern technology of banking sector, there is severe competition in the world-banking environment. This also requires prudent use of bank fund through developing strategic plans & policies based on modern information technology & global knowledge.


The paper analyze the impacts of infrastructure investments on clusters of directions and development trends of contacts made through the road network. The present settlement system is a particular system of interconnected elements. These connections are part of a network of accessibility which influences the development of concentration and hierarchy of the structure. The creation or termination of new connections leads to completely different spatial characteristics of entire networks, and thus influences the possibility to create contacts and develop particular areas. Up to the 20th century the communication system was determined by the geographical space. The popularization of new means of transport and the development of infrastructure, i.e. bridges, highways, overpasses and tunnels improved the speed of traveling and reduced the dependence on geographical conditions. The accessibility of communication became equivalent to the duration of a trip rather than its distance. By introducing new, significantly faster connections or by overcoming topographical barriers, we gradually change the whole settlement structure. The paper presents results of investigation on transportation network, curried out characterization of the transport network as a factor which delimits development of areas. The studies implement an original cyclical-complex model based on T. Zipser's theory of contacts and theory of spherical projection. The method refers to the ways of standardization of descriptions of states and phenomena of various research aspects concerning the same space which is particularly essential in network issues, where the anisotropy of an infrastructure is deal with. In contrast to illustrations, which do not contain any more data than the tables upon which they are based, this analysis is in itself a research tool. Owing to visual integration and theoretical interpretation it enables us to read the morphology of the whole structure, which is otherwise not evident. The study focuses on the region of Lower Silesia divided into communes (gminas). The study includes analyses of the communication network in the early 20th century, the network system of 1937 with the opened Berlin-Wroc³aw highway, and the current communication network with consideration of the Polish National Highway Development Plan. Keywords: communication networks, communication accessibility, communication efficacy, settlement structures


This study surveys New York Times coverage which early reported persecution of Jews. Made skeptical by World War I "atrocity propaganda," many people refused to put much faith in stories about the inhuman Nazi treatment of prisoners. Last week, Americans could no longer b In recent years, an increased amount of attention has been given to the Holocaust, the systematic destruction of six million European Jews during the Nazi era of 1933-45. An obvious example of this interest was NBC television's "Holocaust," a four part docu-drama which followed a German-Jewish family to their ultimate destruction, first aired in 1978. A number of books have been written about the subject.! Colleges and universities have established courses seeking to examine the causes of the Holocaust. ' The key question, it seems, remains how and why the methodical extermination of the European Jews could have taken place. Lucy Dawidowicz has observed that the question of why it happened resists understanding, for it "embraces several questions, each charged with passion and moral judgment."2 Dawidowicz asks how it was possible for the world to stand by without halting this destruction. Her question seems to lead logically to others: Did the world really know what was going on? Not knowing seemed to be the case, for, as Lye magazine reported when the concentration camps were being liberated as the European war ended: Last week thejubilance of impending victory was sobered by the grim facts of the atrocities which the Allied troops were uncovering all over Germany. For 12 years since the Nazis seized power, Americans have heard charges of German brutality.


Advancement in Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) performance is of elevated demand in modern communication due to its appropriateness in security related applications. Matched Filter Receiver provides high Bit Error Rate (BER) for far users due to Near-Far problem in DS-CDMA. Multiuser Detection (MUD) Decorrelator Receiver is employed for improving the BER for far users in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) Channel. BER performance is analysed for MUD Decorrelator Receiver and Matched Filter Receiver for eight user DS-CDMA system. Power Spectral Density (PSD) and constellation diagrams at different stages of signal propagation are studied exhaustively.


To establish a simpler method instead of alcohol extraction for HPLC analysis of sugars in Satsuma mandarins, melons, strawberries, grapes and Japanese pears, a method using squeezed fruit juice was studied. Sugar contents in each fruit juice which was analyzed immediately after squeezing showed high correlation with values achieved by ethanol extraction. Sugar composition of juice in Satsuma mandarin differed slightly from the data by ethanol extraction, but this was due to differences between sugar compositions in juice and residue. Sugar composition of Satsuma mandarin differed slightly with squeezing rate, so the method of squeezing must be consistent between samples to produce accurate results. When squeezed juice or diluted and filtered juices were placed at room temperature for 24 or 48 hours, respectively, sucrose degradation occurred in all samples except Satsuma mandarin. Microwave heating was found to be effective in reducing sucrose degradation in each of the samples except for undiluted grape juice. For these reasons, it has been concluded that the HPLC analysis using squeezed juice with proper microwave heating could give accurate data on sugar contents in many samples of fruits. (Received Jun. 10, 1998; Accepted Sep. 18, 1998)


A new information service model was discussed as"integration model",and the specific practices and achievements were elaborated in this the integration model such as the integration of the health information resources,knowledge resources,software resources etc.


One of the most important dimensions of the prison experience is contact among incarcerated parents and their children. This study explores modes of father-child interaction in a New York State maximum-security male prison population by reporting on both "proximal" (participating in the Family Reunion Program, day visits, and facility Family Day picnics) and "distal" (exchanging cards and/or letters, and telephoning home to the children) types of interaction. The types of contact between the incarcerated parent and the child, the frequency with which this interaction takes place, and reasons for infrequent contact, or for a total absence of parent-child interaction, are reported. Distal and proximal modes of interation also are examined in relation to the imprisoned father's perception as to whether his children will live with im upon his release from prison. The paper concludes by offering policy recommendations in this important area.


In many visual applications, we often encounter people with irregular postures, such as lying down. Many approaches adopted two-step methods to handle a person with irregular postures: 1) person detection and 2) posture prediction based on the detected person. However, it is challenging to detect irregular postures because the existing detectors were trained with datasets consisting of most upright postures. Therefore, we propose a new Irregular Human Posture (IHP) dataset to handle various postures captured from real-world surveillance cameras. The IHP dataset provides sufficient annotations to understand the posture of person, including segmentation, keypoints, and postural states. This paper also provides two baseline net-works for postural state estimation of the people trained on the IHP dataset. Moreover, we show that our baseline networks effectively detect the people with irregular postures that may be in an urgent situation in a surveillance environment.


In this mixed methods analysis of a dataset she developed, Giuditta Fontana explores how formal intrastate peace processes have addressed reforms of for mal education since the end of the Cold War. Looking at the frequency of reforms of formal education, the con text for their inclusion, and the framing of their aims, she finds that intrastate political agreements circumscribe the peace building potential of education because they rarely include education as a component, their geopolitical context and broader content are not clearly associated with the inclusion of education reforms, and education reforms are primarily framed as contributing to security and conflict management rather than long-term peace building. With fundamental implications for scholarship and policy, this article shows that peace agreements' focus on the promotion of negative peace rather than more ambitious positive peace is an obstacle to realizing the peacebuilding potential of education in conflict-affected contexts.


This paper examines the role of the bargaining regime in bringing about inter‐industry wage differentials in the Belgian private sector. Empirical findings, based on the 1995 Structure of Earnings Survey, emphasise that sectors offering high/low wages are similar for workers covered by different bargaining regimes, even when controlling for individual characteristics, working conditions and firm size. Moreover, results show that, ceteris paribus, the dispersion of inter‐industry wage differentials is higher when wages are collectively renegotiated at the firm level, and workers covered by a company collective agreement (CA) earn 5.1 per cent more than their opposite numbers whose wages are solely covered by national and/or sectoral CAs.


Discussion of the above-named article is conducted between the author (Michael I. Pupin), and Alfred N. Goldsmith, L. Espenschied, and R.H. Marriott.


A real-time fault diagnosis method for neutral-point-clamped (NPC) active power filters (APF) is proposed. According to the different relationships between the APF's harmonic current and reference voltage under normal condition and fault condition, the fault diagnosis algorithm can detect and locate the open-circuit faults (OCF) with no additional hardware or sensors. The selection basis of the two thresholds required by the fault diagnosis algorithm is also analyzed in the article. Fault detection can be achieved in just a few sample periods (in favorable conditions). All the signals used in this algorithm have already been employed in the APF's controller and only addition and comparison are required in the algorithm, which is very simple. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is verified by the simulation results.


On the basis of the system dynamics theory,the paper proposes the "farmer+enterprise" and "farmer+intermediary agent+enterprise" models for the supply of biomass products and,after a simulation analysis using the software STELLA,obtains the following conclusions: the combination of "wheat stalk+cotton stalk" is better than "rice stalk+cotton stalk" in the supply of raw materials;and suitable pre-treatment can reduce the logistics cost,more specifically,the drying technology is applicable in the supply chain of biomass-based power-generation,the "squeezing+drying" pre-treatment is more suitable for short-distance transportation and "compression+drying" is more suitable for long-distance transportation.


Asymmetric organocatalysis on solid support combines the environmental advantages of metal-free catalysts and the ease of operation of solid-supported reagents. Enantioselective organocatalytic DielsAlder reactions have been demonstrated by two different solid-supported chiral organocatalysts. The catalysts are easy to recover and they can be reused. The reactivity of the catalyst can be tuned by changing the solid support.


ABSTRACT Local covariance matrix descriptor is a new spatial-spectral feature generation method. It has been successfully applied for remote sensing image classification. Meanwhile, there are some critiques of it because it neglects nonlinear relationships between features, which are serious when applied to hyperspectral images (HSIs). So, the present paper aims to develop weighted local kernel matrix (WLKM) descriptors for the spatial-spectral classification of HSI. The developed weighted local kernel matrix features, including spectral-textural-geometrical aspects, have been used in two classification schemes proposed. In the first approach, called 'early fusion', the weighted sum of WLKM descriptors derived from spectral and spatial features is classified using the log-Euclidean kernel SVM. In the second approach, called 'late fusion', a multiple log-Euclidean kernel SVM strategy based on the WLKM descriptors of spatial and spectral features is developed for HSI classification. Experiments on three widely used HSI datasets have proved the superiority of the proposed approaches over some recent spatial-spectral HSI classification techniques.


minuric, Paris, 1857. Pavy, also, in 1863, in a paper in tliz Lancet, entitled " Assimilation, and the Influence of its Defects on the Urine." But all these reports had reference to the existence of augmentation of the quantity of albumen after nitrogenous food, in individuals who were already suffering from persistent albuminuria. But within the last year or two attention has been drawn by various writers to the existence of an intermittent form of albuminuria in men otherwise apparently healthy. In many cases it being discovered merely by accident, owing to a habit of always examining the urine of every patient that might present himself from any cause, however slight, and in many cases its presence being as much a cause of sur-


The invention relates to a device (4) for feeding a liquid odorant in a gas network, comprising a housing (2), which is designed as gasdurchstrombarer pipeline section, a Odoriermittelduse, an evaporation body, said Odoriermittelduse and the evaporation body through an opening (17) in the wall of the housing (2) in the housing (2) are inserted, so that the evaporation body over at least part of the free cross-section of the housing (2) in the housing (2), a valve body, the opened from a first position in a second closed position can be brought, with the valve body in the second position, the gas can flow cross-section of the housing (2) closes and in the second position releases the gas can flow cross-section of the housing (2) and wherein the valve body (in the second position with the housing 2 ) a removal sluice for the evaporation body and / or forms the Odoriermittelduse.


The comparison of the present anti-counterfeiting and authentication methods in the commodity market, based on Near Field Communication (NFC) technology, this author puts forward a relatively complete anti-counterfeiting and authentication system plan, and designs the basic process of anti-counterfeiting and authentication, the key technologies involved in the implementation of the scheme is described. With NFC tag as the information carrier, mobile phone NFC device as a NFC tag reader, together with application system of authentication center, the system can be used as a tool to test the authentication of commodities and may have inspiration and signi cant reference on commodity anti-counterfeiting and authentication for enterprises.


A GaAs power MESFET has been optimized for Ka-Band operation. The device has an n/sup +/ ledge channel structure with a 0.25- mu m gate on MBE-grown material. An output power density of 0.71 W/mm was achieved with 5.2-dB gain and 34% power-added efficiency. When tuned for maximum efficiency, a power-added efficiency of 41% was obtained with a power density of 0.61 W/mm and a gain of 5.6 dB.<<ETX>>


Spectral clustering (SC), as an unsupervised learning algorithm, has been used successfully in the field of computer vision for data clustering. In some applications, however, background prior knowledge can be easily obtained, such as pairwise constraints. Therefore, semi-supervised learning is getting increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, a new algorithm named self-tuning semi-supervised spectral clustering (STS3C) is proposed. We incorporate two types of instance-level constraints-must-link and cannot-link into SC and use self-tuning parameter to solve the scaling parameter selection problem in SC. Experimental results over four datasets from UCI machine learning repository show that STS3C performs better than semi-supervised spectral clustering with fixed scaling parameter, and also avoids the time-consuming procedure of parameter selection.


A series of anatase TiO2 loaded with 0.1 wt.% Pt and n% WO3 (0.1Pt-nW/Ti-A, n=0, 1, 2, 5, 10) were prepared using the step-impregnation method. Among the catalysts, 0.1Pt-5W/Ti-A showed...


. By comparing the original equations with the corresponding stationary ones, the moderate deviation principle (MDP) is established for un- bounded additive functionals of several different models of distribution dependent SDEs, with non-degenerate and degenerate noises.


Transformations of multivariate data to ranks for each multivariate response is used in certain multivariate analyses such as in the Multivariate Multisample Rank Sum and Median tests. Rank transformations of simulated multivariate data with a com mon mean vector are shown to be functions of correlation struc ture only.


The rapid retreat of communism from Eastern Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s was closely chased by an upsurge of violent upheavals that are almost universally referred to as 'ethnic' or 'nationalist' conflicts. One of the most common observations on the conflicts that arose from the collapse of communism is that they are an echo of earlier struggles. This view is shared across the spectrum of thinkers on nationalism, from Modernists to Marxists, and to those who favour a primordialist account of the origins of nationalism. For a Modernist liberal like Ernest Gellner Soviet communism was an 'intervening' force that 'defeated' nationalism so long as it captured and controlled the state. In this sense, communism had been a deep freeze for nationalism, and its demise had thawed conflicts whose outcome, even within his own schema, was difficult to predict (Gellner, 1997: 86). Similarly, the Modernist Marxist, Eric Hobsbawm, argued that 'fear and coercion kept the USSR together' and helped to prevent ethnic and communal tensions from degenerating into mutual violence. The nationalist disintegration of the USSR, according to Hobsbawm, was more a 'consequence' of the breakdown of the regime in Moscow than a 'cause' of it (Hobsbawm, 1990: 168). Primordialistinspired understandings of conflicts are generally the provenance of parties to the conflict, though the crude stereotyping of 'ancient hatreds' is often widely disseminated by policy-makers and journalists interested in the promotion of specific global or regional security frameworks. We do not propose to challenge the notion that many potential nationalist, ethnic and regional conflicts in the Former Soviet Union were kept dormant under communism. As Ian Lustick has demonstrated, suppression or control is a remarkably effective means of conflict regulation in deeply divided societies (Lustick, 1979 and 1993). Furthermore, the control regime of the USSR cynically manipulated nationalisms by the use of quasi-federal institutional devices, in particular the theoretical right of union republics to secession and pseudo-cultural rights. This helped not only to secure internal stability, but also to project an external image of the Soviet Union as a model of a multinational state for anti-colonial movements in the Third World. The hollow Soviet claim to be the 'sentinel for self-determination', as Walker Connor phrased it,


Cluster Front Line Demonstrations (CFLDs) were conducted to evaluate the performance of improved varieties along with scientific package and practices on productivity and profitability of pigeonpea during 2016-17 to 2019-20. Pigeonpea is an important kharif pulse crop in Sahibganj district of Jhakhand covering over 8,945 ha with average productivity of 4.44 q/ha which is well below the state average (11.47 q/ha) and national average (9.60 q/ha). Unavailability of improved variety as well as non-adoption of scientific cultivation practices in the district is one of the possible reasons for lower average productivity of pigeonpea in the district. To enhance productivity of pigeonpea through improved variety and scientific cultivation practices cluster frontline demonstrations (CFLDs) were conducted during kharif season from 2016-17 to 2019-20. Performance of Pigeonpea varieties ICPL 87119 (Asha), Narendra Arhar 2 and Birsa Arhar-1 in 219 locations along with improved cultivation practices like line sowing, treatment of seed with fungicide and biofertilizer, balanced nutrition and weed management were evaluated in the district. It was observed that the yield of pigeonpea in CFLD under rainfed conditions ranged from 9.7 q to 11.2 q ha-1, whereas in FP it ranged between 6.4 to 7.1 q ha-1. The per cent increase in yield with improved practices (IP) over FP was recorded in the range of 48.5 to 61.5. The extension gap and technological index were ranging between 3.3 to 4.1 q ha-1 and 37.7 to 46.1 per cent, respectively. The trend of technology gap reflected the farmer's cooperation in carrying out demonstrations with encouraging results in subsequent years. The benefit cost ratio varied from 2.18 to 2.48 under demonstration, while it was 1.77 to 1.87 under farmer's practice. Therefore, the results clearly indicate that the use of improved variety and package of practice with scientific intervention under cluster frontline demonstration programme contribute to increase the productivity and profitability.


A three-axis microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) inertial sensor measuring two-axis acceleration and angular rate (rotation) has been developed for an electronic stability control (ESC) system for automobiles. We combined the angular rate detection part with the two-axis acceleration detection parts on a single MEMS chip to miniaturize the sensor. The two detection parts were designed to work under different environmental pressures through a two-step wafer level package (WLP) process to achieve the required sensitivity for the gyroscope with excellent vibration immunity for the accelerometers. We report on the design concept and test results of the three-axis MEMS inertial combined sensor and the manufacturing processes of the two-step WLP and through-silicon vias (TSVs).


A method of disambiguating an input into a handheld electronic device having an input device, an output device and a memory having a plurality of objects stored, which have a plurality of language objects, wherein the input device comprises a Vielzal of input elements, wherein at least some of the input members each a plurality is assigned by the linguistic elements, the method comprising: Detecting an ambiguous input; Generating a number of compound language solutions for each compound language solution, by: Identifying a language object that corresponds to a portion of the ambiguous input and having a length equal to the length of the part, and for each of a number of other parts of the ambiguous input, identifying another language object corresponding to the other portion of the ambiguous input ; Outputting a representation of each of zumindest some of the compound language solutions, the representation a representation of Sprachobjekts and, for each of the other parts, a representation of zumindest a part of the corresponding other Sprachobjekts ...


The Venus Rule Language introduced a declarative basis for structured rule-based programming (as opposed to procedural encapsulation). The method is closely related to the nested transaction model for concurrency control and otherwise the language has been designed to serve as the basis of both main-memory and hard (or expert) activedatabase systems. We present a quantitative evaluation of the impact on development costs of the Venus language on rule-based programs. The basis of the study is a reimplementation of ALEXSYS, an active-database program originally developed in 0PS5 and currently in use in the financial securities industry. The measurements indicate substantially improved code, suggesting substantially reduced development and life-cycle costs.


Ansrmacr. We consider a symplectic action of a group G on a symplectic manifold P, which admits a momentum mapping. Assume that G is a semidirect product of G1 by G2. We prove that if the symplectic action of GI has a coadjoint equivariant momentum mapping, and if HI(%,: R) = H2(52: R) 0, then the symplectic action of G has a coadjoint equivariant momentum mapping, where 1 and 52 are the Lie algebras of G1 and G2 respectively.


The distribution and biomass of Peridinium bipes f. occultatum were observed in autumn 1991, 1992 and 1994 at the head of the Shorenji Dam reservoir (Mie prefecture, Japan). Distributions show that Peridinium vertically migrated, and dispersed at the plunging point and horizontally moved to upper and lower stream in the study area. From these observations and informations in references, we supposed that the spatial biomass of Peridinium would be changed by "vertical migration" and "entrainment" ; horizontal "import" and "export" ; "outflow" ; and "growth" (including several biological processes). In the study area, biomass of Peridinium increased in rate similarly to growth day by day, and periodically varied about 2/3 of maximum biomass in a day. We estimated transport rates (cells·s-1) by vertical profiles of the current velocity and the population density, and could explain this diurnal change of biomass. Thus, we concluded that the horizontal import and export will mainly change red tide's biomass at the head of the reservoir, and with the growth control, the flow control in the reservoir will be also important to suppress the fresh water red tide.


Predatory thrips species is very important to restrain pest population in the field. This study was conducted to explore and analyze the diversity of predatory thrips species in and around chili planting in the lowland and swamp areas in Jambi. The survey was conducted at 13 sites in the lowlands and 6 sites in the swamp areas. The survey found 22 species of thrips predators in lowlands and 6 six species in swamp areas which are grouped into nine families. Predatory thrips species in the lowlands were Ammoplanus sp., Cheilomenes sexmaculata , Chilocorus melanophthalmus , Chilocorus ruber , Chrysopoda sp., Coccinella repanda ,


The objective of this work is to contribute with some valuations around the conception of the cooperative in the Cuban constitutionalism, dedicated to that the constitution can guide —like it corresponds— the legal implementation of the figure toward an integral perspective. To get this purpose, we will offer a characterization of the institution that illustrates us about their identity. Next it will be analyzed the juridical dimension of the cooperative, pondering the different doctrinal postures that have tried to define its nature. Lastly, we will argue that the current norms of the Cuban constitutional design, influenced by a reduced conception of the institution, suffers of a group of limitations that block the good use of the figure in a socioeconomic context in which it is called to transcend.
Received: 16 January 2013Accepted: 07 February 2013


Gene therapy is the use of DNA as an agent to treat genetic disorders. Gene therapy aims at the insertion of a therapeutic gene into the cells of a patient for the correction of an inborn error of metabolism, to alter or repair an acquired genetic abnormality. Today, most of the gene therapy studies are aimed at cancer and hereditary diseases which are linked to genetic defects. Cancer usually occurs due to the production of multiple mutations in a single cell which cause it to proliferate out of control. Several methods such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have been used widely to treat cancers, but recurrence is common in approximately one third of patients. To improve the treatment modality and to increase the survival rate, gene therapy can be used as an adjunct to other therapies for cancer patients. The purpose of this article is to review the concepts and technique, with an insight into the current research on its applications in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: information processing device, having a reception device adapted to receive electronic data; a storage device adapted to store transmission conditions, each of the said conditions containing information representing the transmission recipient; a determination device adapted, if access rights are established for received electronic data, for determining, based on the transmission condition, whether received electronic data are to be transmitted in a state in which established access rights remain for the received electronic data; and a device for controlling transmissions adapted to transmit received electronic data, in a state in which established access rights remain for received electronic data, to the transmission recipient, presented by the transmission condition if said determination device has determined that the received electronic data can be transmitted in a state in which established access rights remain for the received electronic data. EFFECT: high security of data transmission. 12 cl, 14 dwg


Refinery waste water streams are mainly contaminated with hydrocarbons, ammonia and sulfides. Legislation has imposed new limits for the operation of Shell Harburg refinery's waster water treating plant. Improvements in the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) as well as total nitrification and nitrate removal are required. Further planning targets are the incorporation of a denitrifications step and the substitution of the present sulfide elimination with iron sulfate by a biological sulfide oxidation mechanism. For the development of an optimal process and for establishing the required design parameters, pilot plant tests on a semi-technical scale were carried out in 1988 on the premesis of Shell Harburg refinery


Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is a highly contagious enteric disease affecting young pigs with rates of mortality up to 100% among newborn pigs, when the virus spreads within a susceptible herd (5). TGE virus (TGEv) belongs to Coronaviridae family (6). Pigs less than two weeks are the most severely affected. Clinical symptoms include: vomiting, profuse diarrhoea, weight loss, dehydration, death in 2-7 days, mortality can reach 100% in pigs less than 1 week. Sub-clinically infected animals can be a source of infection and recovered pigs often become carriers and can shed the virus for 2-3 weeks in their faeces. Large amounts of virus are excreted in the faeces of infected animals. In Northern countries the disease is clearly related to winter outbreaks, probably because of the sensibility of the virus to warm temperatures. Therefore it is likely that under tropical conditions, the role of fomites would be less important. If an outbreak occurs, good hygiene practices can help reducing the impact of the disease. It appears to be difficult to eradicate the disease. One approach consists of preventing contamination of newborn piglets by isolation. The other approach aims to minimize the duration of the disease by exposing all the pregnant sows to the disease to develop transplacental immunity of farrows.


THE GLOBALIZATION OF THE FINANCIAL MARKETS IS A PRODUCT OF THE STRETEGY OF LIBERATION OF THE FINANCIAL SERVICES PURSED IN TODAY IS WORLD. IT IS NECESSARY TO UNDERSTAND THE PHENOMENON OF GLOBALIZACION IN ORTER TO EXPLAIN THE LIBERATIZACION OF THOSE SERVICES AND THEIR RESTRUCTURING, ON THE BASIS OF THE GUIDELINES ESTABLISHED BY THE WTO. THIS ESSAY SEEKS TO ANALYZE MEXICO IS FINANCIAL SERVICES, IN THE LIGHT OF DIFFERENT FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS THAT MEXICO HAS SIGNED. THE AUTOR EXPLINS THAT THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM CONSTITUTESA BASIC INFRAESTRUCTURE OF THE COUNTRYS ECONOMY, AND THAT FOR THIS REASON IT IS NECESSARY TO DEVELOP A PROPER REGULATORY REGIME IN ORDER TO ALLOW GREATER LIBERATIZACION OF THIS SECTOR, WITHIN THE CONEXT OF GLOBALIZATION. IN THIS SE


Our laboratories are interested in understanding the relationship between the environment and leaf gas-exchange in avocado. Ultimately, we are interested in prolonging the daily period of maximum gas-exchange between the avocado leaf and the environment in an effort to increase total carbon fixation. This, in turn, will hopefully lead to decreased flower and fruit drop, and larger, more consistent yields. Part of deciphering the relationship between leaf gas-exchange and the environment is to examine the basic structural properties of the avocado leaf to determine how they might affect the physiology of the leaf. Relatively little work has been done on anatomy and surface characteristics of avocado leaves. We used scanning electron microscopy to examine the leaf surface characteristics of leaves of various ages from several released and unreleased avocado varieties. Our goal was to examine the basic surface characteristics of avocado leaves and to determine any differences in these characteristics between leaf ages and among varieties.


In this paper,we study the empirical Bayes estimation of shape-parameter of two-parameter exponentiaed-Weibull distribution in exponential reliability model,when one shape-parameter is fixed,the empirical Bayes estimator expressions of another shape-parameter under two loss functions are given.Then,we compare EB estimations under two loss functions by means of Monte Carlo simulation.


Component arrangement comprising the following features: arranged a load transistor (T) arranged at a in a semiconductor body (100) the first transistor region (23), one arranged in the semiconductor body second transistor region (24) and a section-wise between the first transistor region (23) and the second transistor region (24), - complementary to the first and second transistor region (23, 24) doped third transistor zone (21) is designed as a bipolar transistor whose base region is formed by the third semiconductor region (21) and its emitter and collector zone by each one of the first and second transistor zones (23, 24) is formed, - a load interruption detector with a transistor in the third zone (21) arranged in the measuring zone (25) of a complementary to the third transistor zone conductivity type and connected with the measuring zone (25) the evaluation circuit (EC).


The method of metal nanoparticle suspension aggregates present invention relates to the production of a magnetic coating alkoxysilane, wherein the aqueous suspension is incubated with magnetic metal nanoparticles with an alkoxysilane, wherein said substantially non-incubated carried out in the presence of an organic solvent. The present invention further relates to a suspension containing magnetic alkoxysilane coated metal can be obtained by the process of the present invention, agglomerates of nanoparticles, and to a magnetic composition comprising an alkoxysilane-coated metal nanoparticle aggregates, wherein the average size of agglomerates by light scattering is 30nm to 450nm, preferably from 50nm to 350nm and especially 70nm to 300nm.


NiO-Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9) composite powder was synthesized by an improved coprecipitation method—the buffer solution method and the phase composition and particle size of the composite powder were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. Then NiO/SDC ceramic and Ni/SDC cermet were fabricated from NiO-SDC powder by the buffer solution method and by mechanical mixing NiO and Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9) powder, respectively, and their microstructure and related property were also compared. The results show that NiO-SDC powder by the buffer solution method has nanometer particle size with cubic NiO and SDC phase. NiO/SDC ceramic and Ni/SDC cermet fabricated from NiO-SDC powder by the buffer solution method has more homogeneous, finer grain and pore size and higher electrical conductivity than those from the mechanically mixed NiO-SDC powder. SOFC based on Ni/SDC anode prepared from the buffer solution NiO-SDC powder shows higher open circuit voltage and power density. It is contributed to the optimized microstructure and higher conductivity of the Ni/SDC anode.


Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations for plasma physics model self-consistently plasma phenomena at kinetic scales. Such simulations focus on the individual trajectories of a very large number of particles in self-consistent and external electric and magnetic fields, and are of great importance in astrophysics and space sciences. We developed a multi-threaded application to simulate such phenomena. This article describes the parallel performance of our application on a high-performance multicore system


Last year I was offered for review a recording of a live song recital promoted jointly by the British Music Information Centre and the English Poetry and Song Society. Its attractions included a cameo appearance by tenor Ian Partridge and an important first recording of Ivor Gurney's Lights Out cycle, in the order proposed by Richard Carder. After hearing the disc, however, I thought it kinder to several of the other performers not to publish an opinion. What a pity, it seemed, that the organizers had failed to draw upon those strikingly fresh and technically secure voices that have recently emerged from our music colleges.


Expert decision-making in forensic science can be influenced by various sources of implicit bias. In practice, it is not always possible to combat such biases, even when forensic scientists are aware of them or when bias mitigation techniques are in place. Greater levels of documentation can offer a complementary solution. Such documentation should include all decisions, communications, and information shared within forensic casework. Forensic scientists can then be more transparent when communicating their judgments and the contexts upon which they are based.


*Associate Professor, Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, # UG Scholars Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Vattamalaipalayam, NGGO Colony (Po.), Coimbatore-641022, Tamil Nadu, India. ------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Coating of Inconel find wide applications in the field of aerospace and automotive industries. These materials finds its applications either by directly using the alloy or surfacing with the steel alloying. In the present study the tribo-corrosion resistance properties of Inconel 617, Inconel 725 and Inconel 625 were studied and compared. The literature survey conducted were based on wear, corrosion and tribo-corrosion behavior of Inconel 617 coating with stainless steel, Inconel 725 has better resistance properties. Inconel have higher content of molybdenum so, it's used to H2S formation. Studies revealed that on hard-facing Inconel 617 with AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel had better wear resistance and the Inconel 725 had better corrosion resistance than hot work tool steel. The studies indicated that the wear tests had been carried on high temperature environment at 7500 C. Corrosion test were conducted in sour brine environment. When the wear Resistance test is performed, the wear resistance of the Inconel 617 is much better than hot work tool steel. The Inconel 617 sample was much more resistant to oxidation and to softening than the hot work tool steel, providing a superior resistance to thermal fatigue cracking. The adhesive oxides increasing gradually and the Inconel 617 sustains the more wear resistance at high temperature. Taken the same coated material for the corrosion test, the Inconel 725 had more corrosion resistance. A Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb alloy, it had highly resistant to the corrosion and the Inconel 625 is an excellent choice for marine applications, it had more tensile strength, high corrosion-fatigue strength.


Presents an overview of the situation of foreign female domestic workers and reviews the legislative framework, government policy and private initiatives to protect their rights.


Liquid crystals have both partially ordering properties of solid crystalline materials, and rheological properties of fluids. Therefore, liquid crystals exhibit unusual structural and physical properties. Important peculiarity of liquid crystals is availability of various physically anisotropic mesophases. Some of these mesophases are optically uniaxial and others are optically biaxial. Additionally, some of mesophases can be optically positive and others can be optically negative. Because of reach optical (thermo-optical, magneto-optical, electro-optical and acousto-optical) properties these materials have large possibilities of application in optoelectronic and microelectronic systems, in devices of recording and reading of optical information, thermography etc. ]1-7]. The optical properties of liquid crystals have aroused interest in past one-two decades [8-15]. Because of liquid crystals can use at different thermal regimes, within various temperature intervals and in different climatic conditions, information about temperature dependences of the optical properties and thermal behavior of optical parameters of these materials is very important. Such investigations have been carried out by various scientists for number of liquid crystalline materials in [8-21]. In these works, temperature behavior of the refractive index n, refractive indices of ordinary o n and extraordinary e n


[63256-88-2] C24H54O2Sn2 (MW 612.07)

InChI = 1S/6C4H9.O2.2Sn/c6*1-3-4-2;1-2;;/h6*1,3-4H2,2H3;;;/q;;;;;;-2;2*+1

InChIKey = GVVLVBGNBGLPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(mild nonalkaline source of dinucleophilic peroxide; reacts with alkyl triflates to deliver dialkyl peroxides, often in higher yields than obtained from the reaction of alkyl mesylates with hydrogen peroxide and a base)

Physical Data: unstable liquid.

Solubility: sol CH2Cl2.

Form Supplied in: must be freshly prepared.

Preparative Method: addition of Tri-n-butyl(methoxy)stannane to an ether–methanol solution of anhydrous Hydrogen Peroxide at 0 °C followed by removal of ether and methanol in vacuo at 0 °C.1

Purification: attempted purification by rapid column chromatography on silica gel or Florisil led to decomposition.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: thermally unstable, but can be stored for 1 day neat at −20 °C. The reagent is presumed to be a strong oxidizing agent and, as with organic peroxides in general, there is a potential for explosion. The use of a safety shield is mandatory during preparation and use. Reaction with water releases anhydrous H2O2 that is hazardous.


An improved steganographic method is proposed in this paper. Two distinct methods are combined here with optimized way with possibly high data hiding capability. The proposed method shifts the last nonzero AC coefficients in each JPEG block, and, changes the magnitude value of the first nonzero AC coefficients.


This report presents the results of its assessment of transit service integration practices in the United States. Initially, a review of the literature was performed that identified the various types of service integration policies that have been and are being implemented including infrastructure, schedule, information, fare payment and special events/emergency service integration. The review also revealed how the introduction of service integration practices is part of overall changes in transit properties' way of conducting business. The research then made use of a twostage survey of transit agencies which have implemented specific practices. The initial survey cast a wide net to identify service integration practices across the country by approximately 100 agencies. The subsequent survey targeted specific examples of each type of practice and examined the objectives of the practices, the agency responsible for promoting integration, the effectiveness of the practices, the measures of effectiveness, the barriers overcome and the lessons learned. Transit agencies that have implemented integration practices have been able to overcome barriers to coordination and integration and have made a number of trailblazing efforts. While there has been little formal evaluation of these practices by transit agencies, the predominant view is that transit integration supports the overall goals of the transit agency and provides substantial benefits to the customers. Data to support impact evaluation is limited; however several case studies were also conducted quantitatively and qualitatively as part of this project. Lessons learned and guiding principles are also provided.


The federal government plays a pivotal role in helping students meet the cost of a college education. This chapter describes the recent growth in federal student assistance and discusses three major issues currently pressing institutions and public policy makers: delivering assistance amid growing complexity, meeting the financial needs of graduate and professional students, and defining more precisely who should benefit from student aid.


Abstract Disclosure: I. Ali: None. M. Alnaher: None. A. Arida: None. Introduction: Hypoglycemia is one of the manifestations of non-islet cell tumor-induced hypoglycemia (NICTH). In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it has been reported in 4-27% of patients, and it is associated with poor prognosis. Case: Patient is a 70-years-old Female with past medical history of prediabetes and untreated Hepatitis C infection who presented with sever weakness and was found to have blood glucose of 37. She was started on Dextrose 10% with improvement of her symptoms. During hospital course she had recurrent episodes of symptomatic hypoglycemia. Patient denied any family history of diabetes with no access to diabetes medication. Blood work showed elevated AST, ALT with low albumin, low prealbumin and AM cortisol 13, Sulfonylureas screen is Negative. Result of 72 hours hypoglycemia protocol while blood glucose level was 48 mg/dl as follow: Proinsulin, Intact 1.6 mmol/L (Ref: less than 8.0), insulin like growth factor -1 (IGF-1): 10 ng/ml (26-226), IGF-2: 69 ng/ml (180-580) so IGF-2/IGF-1 ratio of 6.9Insulin: 0.2 uIU/ml (1.9-23), C-Peptide 0.1 ng/ml (0.5-3.3) and Beta hydroxybutyrate: 0.1 mmol/L. CT abdomen: 7.0 x 7.2 x 10.5 cm right hepatic lobe mass with extension to right portal vein that is most consistent with hepatocellular carcinoma with background liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension without ascites. Right hepatic artery tumor biopsy showed moderately differentiated HCC. Patient was started on steroid therapy then octreotide. Multidisciplinary meeting discussed in details treatment options and prognosis including treatment of her cancer with surgery vs chemoradiation therapy, but patient and her family opted for DNR/DNI, and patient passed away during that admission. Discussion: Even though HCC-related hypoglycemia is a known phenomenon, knowledge about prevention and treatment is lacking. The suggested mechanism of hypoglycemia in NICTH include increased consumption of glucose by tumor in malnourished patients with low glycogen deposits and defective gluconeogenesis or may be caused by IGF-2 overproduction that crosses capillary membranes and stimulates insulin receptor. Hypoglycemia work up reveals low levels of insulin, pro-insulin, C-peptide, and β-hydroxybutyrate. Levels of GH and IGF-1 will also be low due to the suppressive effect of IGF-2. Total IGF-2 may be elevated or normal but the ratio of IGF-2/IGF-1 is usually elevated 3:1. Management of an IGF-2 producing tumor with surgical resection, radiation, and/or chemotherapy can potentially resolve hypoglycemia. Medical therapy with glucocorticoids has been utilized by promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipolysis and reducing peripheral glucose uptake. Glucocorticoids also help to decrease the levels of IGF-2 either by decreased tumor production or increased clearance. Case reports have documented the use of glucagon, growth hormone, and octreotide, however, effects are limited. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023


In the latest theories of historical buildings protection,traditional definition of the protection has been added to the business development and protection part,which emphasizes the experience business and icons building.In China,however,the business protection and development of historical buildings have just been introduced and are still on the level of primitive imitation,in which event different focuses of the western theory periods are overlooked.This issue reviewed the development of the western protection theory and analyzed the practical problems in the business development of Chinese historial buildings,the strategies of dealing with the problems have been proposed.


We deployed a CO2 deterrent in the field and captured over 2000 fishes representing 13 species. The deterrent reduced catch rates for all species except brown bullhead. Common carp catch rates decreased 10-fold. These results indicate that an inexpensive and rapidly operating deterrent can produce robust responses in the field.


Academic power and administrative power are important points in deepening reform of university management.However,they clash with each other at various levels.For example,academic power,which plays a key role in university development,is sometimes invaded by administrative power.Therefore,it is significant for the development of universities to understand correctly the orientation and relationship of academic power and administrative power at different levels of university management,coordinate the two powers,and bring their merits into play.


Obstfeld and Rogoff (1995) endeavour to investigate the international welfare spillovers with monopolistic competition and sticky output prices, yet in a unified exchange rate system. This paper applies their framework to the regime of dual exchange markets, generating plenty of results of policies. The particular contribution of this paper to the welfare effects of country sizes on policy lies in the cases of numerical simulations. The discussions of spillover effects, the current account dynamics, and imperfect competition to the separating exchange markets fill in the gaps on the literature. Then it takes a further step on open economy macroeconomics.


We investigate the problem of counting co-authorhip in order to quantify the impact and relevance of scientific research output through normalized h-index and g-index. We use the papers whose authors belong to a subset of full professors of the Italian Settore Scientifico Disciplinare (SSD) FIS01 - Experimental Physics. In this SSD two populations, characterized by the number of co-authors of each paper, are roughly present. The total number of citations for each individuals, as well as their h-index and g-index, strongly depends on the average number of co-authors. We show that, in order to remove the dependence of the various indices on the two populations, the best way to define a fractional counting of autorship is to divide the number of citations received by each paper by the square root of the number of co-authors. This allows us to obtain some information which can be used for a better understanding of the scientific knowledge made through the process of writing and publishing papers.


Some pieces of jades called "Red-green Jewelry" have been identified gemologically by normal microscopy,laser Raman spectrometry,infrared spectrometry and X-ray powder diffractometry.The characteristics of texture and structure of the light-green,dark-green and red minerals in the jades have been analyzed.The results show that the jades have granular texture with uneven fracture.The light-green minerals are zoisite Ca2Al2(Al0.9Fe0.1)(SiO4)3(OH) with refractive index of 1.70,the dark-green minerals are magnesioriebeckite NaCa2(Mg,Fe)4Al(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 with refractive index of 1.65 and the red minerals are corundum Al2O3.


Micro-bimorph is the main part of the flexible diaphragm sensor and the modal analysis is the most important work of the device design.The modal of the Micro-bimorph was analyzed by approximately theoretical and FEM methods,respectively.The expressions of potential and kinetic energy were educed.The procedure utilizing Rayleigh method for the analytic solution of natural frequency was introduced.The 3D model,taking into account the fabricating procedure,was built by the develop software packages for micro system field.The model was meshed.The modal analysis utilizing FEM method was executed by the software.The results of simulation are demonstrated.The first and second natural frequencies were shown.The design of the sensor benefited from discussion of the simulation results.


Let G be a reductive, non-abelian, algebraic group defined over C. We investigate algebraic G-actions on the total spaces of non-trivial algebraic G-vector bundles over G-modules with great interest in the case that G is a dihedral group. We construct a map classifying such actions of a dihedral group in some cases and describe the spaces of those non-linearizable actions in some examples.


The alkyd modified t-octylphenolic resin was prepared by alcoholized linseed oil with pentaerythritol,rosin and octylphenolic resin.The modified product was analyzed by FT-IR and GPC,and softening point,solubility in solvent and n-heptane tolerance were also studied.The results showed when the weight ratio of linseed oil to rosin was less than 1.2,the product with following characters could be prepared i.e.molecular weight(n)6000~10000,PDI less than 4,n-heptane tolerance in the range of 5~20mL/2g,softening point more than 110℃ and good solubility in mineral oil,vegetable oil,aromatic hydrocarbon,MEK and ethyl acetate and so on.The product might be a new polymer for manufacturing rotary printing inks.


The study focuses on the chronological development of the ethnography of Germans living in the Czech Lands. The emphasis is put on its institutionalization and association with ideological concepts of the time. The ethnographical interest in Germans living in the Czech Lands dates back to the beginning of the 19th century. It focused on the lifestyle of the geographically and linguistically divided population. The disappearing traditions maintained in village communities were considered the most appropriate subject of study. After the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic, German ethnographers concentrated on topics related to the strengthening of identity of the new German society which became part of the Republic. This development enhanced the prestige of ethnography, which facilitated its institutionalization in the academic environment. During the interwar years, ethnography was considered an appropriate academic discipline that could legitimize many politically-related claims, and was, therefore, expected to solve many societal isssues. In the years 1938–1945, the ideological instrumentalization of ethnography in the Czech-German environment reached a qualitatively new level. This was reflected in the focus of research of the newly established academic institutions, which were supposed to — with the help of ethnographic methods — contribute to the "scientific" legitimacy of the expansion plans of the Nazi regime already implemented or being prepared at that time. A strong inclination towards ideologically formulated "applied" science led to and in the first half of the 1940s eventually resulted in the explicitly racist research on the issue of "blood mixing" and the active participation of many ethnographers in the preparation, and partly also in the realization of the Nazi idea of a "new Europe". The history of Sudeten-German ethnography was terminated by the displacement of the German population from what is now the Czech Republic in the second half of the 1940s.


Kyle Mahan's post: I was not expecting to have a long conversation with my therapist today about why it's important to me to have my


Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has been available in number of centers for more than 25 years, but its use was not wide spread until 10 years ago. In Bulgarian PET/CT was installed for the first time in 2009 in Nuclear Medicine Department in University Hospital St. Marina in Varna, Bulgaria. As a physicists the aim for us was to consider and calculate the shielding so that to protect the people and the stuff. The purpose of this paper is calculating and analysis of the radiation protection and shielding of Nuclear Medicine Center including PET/CT center situated in University Hospital St. Marina in Varna, Bulgaria. FollowingtheRecommendationofInternationalCommissionofRadiationProtection(ICRP)Report#60, Report#73, Amer- ican Association of Physics in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 108: PET and PET/CT Shielding Requirements, Medical Physics, DIN 6844-3, Installation of Nuclear Medicine; Radiation protection calculation and the Bulgarian regulations in NM, the


The invention provides a space-based space target recognizing method. The space-based space target recognizing method comprises the first step of acquiring four continuous star maps; the second step of processing all the star maps based on the star point extracting algorithm to obtain a corresponding star map composed of fixed stars and space targets; the third step of determining three fixed stars exiting in all star maps as benchmark fixed stars; the fourth step of aligning all the star maps with the coordinates of the three benchmark fixed stars as the standard, traversing the aligned star maps and judging whether all first preset error ranges of the same coordinate values of the aligned star maps have one star point or not, wherein if yes, the star point is a fixed star and is removed away from all the aligned star maps; the fifth step of traversing all the aligned star maps with the fixed stars removed away and recognizing all the space targets. According to the space-based space target recognizing method, the space targets can be quickly and effectively recognized on a track without a large amount of storage space based on the four star maps continuously shot, and the development of a space-based space target monitoring system is facilitated.


Modem western societies suffer from diseases of civilization which are mainly associated with smoking, fatty diets and obesity. One of those is the Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) often also loosely called heartburn. GERD can in some cases lead to an abnormal change of cells (metaplasia) in the lining of the oesophagus. This syndrome is defined as Barrett's oesophagus (BO). If the oesophagus suffers from reflux of acid (heartburn) it can protect itself by replacing the normal stratified squamous epithelium by acid resistant columnar epithelium with goblet cells usually found lower in the gastrointestinal tract. These cells growing in an area where they usually do not belong, have a significantly higher risk to degenerate into cancers. These conditions are evaluated by performing endoscopy with harvest of biopsies. Biopsies are then cut and stained with haematoxylin and eosin and assessed by a pathologist. Patients diagnosed with BO undergo a regular surveillance in order to monitor if the metaplasia progresses into dysplasia or adenocarcinoma.


The paper deals with some important parameters, concerning the role of the sport coach. Special attention is paid to the following topics: mental and physical abilities, transfer of the knowledge, ability to manage different age groups, pedagogy, supporting the athletes, appearance, behaviour, readiness to help, motivation. Two themes will also be briefly analysed: the main requirement (charismatic personality) and the main aim of the coach (to make healthy, happy human beings).


Originally, the term 'social literacies' was used to suggest the skills, knowledge and processes for addressing multicultural teaching and learning (Kalantzis and Cope, 1988). The meaning of the phrase has since evolved to encompass widely different concepts, including for example, social 'competencies', and/or citizenship education (eg. Arthur & Davison, 2000). Clearly the discourse around 'social literacies' is shifting in response to changing educational policies, both nationally and internationally. In this paper, we examine how constructs of 'social literacies' have been and might be deployed. Building from a review of the policy, program and theoretical literature, we pose questions concerning how 'social literacies' might be used to interrogate and rework relations, especially those of gender and culture. Questions to be considered include: will the concept of 'social literacies' enable us to better understand the processes of identity and community formations in this era of uncertainty? Which knowledges and skills are identified in the literature and positioned as critical in establishing 'productive' social relations/literacies? Additionally, we begin to theorise the degree to which such constructions of 'social literacies' might enhance and/or limit quality learning at the tertiary levels of teacher education.


outcomes have important implications for both petroleum exploration and production activities within the Gippsland Basin. The integrated approach allows the development of eficient CO 2 migration simulations and conceptual models of luid migration to be tested. A similar worklow should be transferable to other sedimentary basins, particularly during the early phases of GCS assessment. Moreover, the ability to incorporate updated or newly acquired data (such as stratigraphic, seismic, well and/or structural data) into the worklow, creates an iterative process whereby the reservoir model can be promptly updated and ultimately results in an improved regional luid migration simulation model. Abstract A geoscientiic worklow has been developed to model CO 2 migration and storage potential within the Gippsland Basin. The result is an attributed, basin-scale reservoir model that can be used as the basis for simulating CO 2 injection and migration scenarios within the Latrobe Group reservoirs. irst in the worklow uses regional interpreted seismic horizons combined with CSIRO's Sedsim stratigraphic forward modelling code simulate sediment accumulation, distribution and lateral variability across the basin, from the base of the Golden Beach Subgroup (85 Ma) to the present day (0 Ma). The second stage uses Permedia to construct a regional structural model of the basin, based on ive regional seismic surfaces, with intra-formational seals (bafles) determined from petrophysical


A composite cathode active material, a cathode and a lithium battery including the composite cathode, and a method of (57) Young-min Choi, Suwon-si (KR); Won-chang Choi, Yongin-si (KR) (76) Inventors: Gue-sung Kim, Yongin-si (KR): preparing the composite cathode active material, the compos (21) Appl. No.: 13/530,142 (22) Filed: ite cathode active material including a compound with an olivine crystal structure; and an inorganic material, the inor Jun. 22, 2012 ganic material including a nitride or carbide of at least one Foreign Application Priority Data (30) element selected from the group of Group 2, Group 13, Group 14, and Group 15 of the periodic table of elements. 10-2011-00618OO (KR) ........................ Jun. 24, 2011


A composite paraffin-based phase change material (PCM) was prepared by blending composite paraffin through the fusion adsorption method. Thermodynamic data on the n-paraffins from n-C6H14 through n-C18H38 have been used to obtain for the specific heat, entropy, enthalpy. The aim of this study is to obtain the information about thermo-physical properties of phase change thermal storage material (PCM), its very important for designing of thermal energy storage system. The Differential Scanning Calorymetery (DSC), density meter, thermal conductivity meter, and viscometer are used for measuring the thermo-physical properties of thermal energy storage material (paraffin wax).


Moreover, ultrastructural experiments reveal impaired basal body docking to the apical surface of multiciliated cells. In support of these phenotypes, endogenous Cby protein is localized at the base of cilia. As the phenotypes of Cby  /  mice bear striking similarities to primary


Advances in functional brain imaging now allow sustained rapid 3D visualization of large numbers of neurons inside behaving animals. To decode circuit activity, imaged neurons must be individually segmented and tracked. This is particularly challenging when the brain itself moves and deforms inside a flexible body. The field has lacked general methods for solving this problem effectively. To address this need, we developed a method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) Awith specific enhancements which we apply to freely moving Caenorhabditis elegans. For a traditional CNN to track neurons across images of a brain with different postures, the CNN must be trained with ground truth (GT) annotations of similar postures. When these postures are diverse, an adequate number of GT annotations can be prohibitively large to generate manually. We introduce 'targeted augmentation', a method to automatically synthesize reliable annotations from a few manual annotations. Our method effectively learns the internal deformations of the brain. The learned deformations are used to synthesize annotations for new postures by deforming the manual annotations of similar postures in GT images. The technique is germane to 3D images, which are generally more difficult to analyze than 2D images. The synthetic annotations, which are added to diversify training datasets, drastically reduce manual annotation and proofreading. Our method is effective both when neurons are represented as individual points or as 3D volumes. We provide a GUI that incorporates targeted augmentation in an end-to-end pipeline, from manual GT annotation of a few images to final proofreading of all images. We apply the method to simultaneously measure activity in the second-layer interneurons in C. elegans: RIA, RIB, and RIM, including the RIA neurite. We find that these neurons show rich behaviors, including switching entrainment on and off dynamically when the animal is exposed to periodic odor pulses.


Because of higher Mach number on cruise stage, compressibility effect has a large influence on induced losses. Thus, at this point, various vortexes behind the rotor plane may strongly altered induced velocity field on the blade which is quite different from low-speed propeller and cannot be neglected. Meanwhile, under similar conditions, this paper makes full analysis on the impact that how tip induced losses gives a change on the thrust and available power on the two couple similar propellers. Then, we can get the prediction of real cruise state on the proportion of induced losses in the research of propeller. The results showed that the propeller tip induced loss characteristics was not only related to the actual geometric distribution, but also had the correlation with the specific operational conditions, especially advanced ratio and pitch angle, which had the most obvious impact on this loss characteristics. Finally, this study illustrates that this manner adopted can be used for the design, experiment and theoretical analysis of actual propeller under certain conditions.


This somewhat unusual copublished number of The American Review of Canadian Studies and the Canadian Review of American Studies had its beginnings at the 1993 meeting of the Association for Canadian Studies in the United States. There, several of us, including an editor from each journal, Victor Konrad of the Foundation for Educational Exchange between Canada and the United States, and Richard Kaplan, then Cultural Attache at the United States Embassy in Ottawa, found ourselves in a general, broad-based discussion of various means of academic connection across the Canada-U.S. border. Someone observed in the midst of this that these two journals, ARCS and CRevAS, in effect mirror one another, both in our reversed titles and, far more importantly, in our shared concerns. Sometime after, as the two of us took up the idea and began planning, numerous other commonalities, less apparent but equally connective, became evident. Each editor, friends and colleagues for some time, is also something of a mirror of the others, one an American specializing in Canada in literature and culture, the second a Canadian historian specializing in U.S. diplomatic history with the Americas, and the third a Scot living in Canada and specializing in the literature of the American West. Each of us, moreover, has made an especial focus on Canada-U.S. matters, treating the ebb and flow of time, personas, culture, and politics across the border. More than this, though, the present editor of ARCS had his first editorial appointment as Managing Editor of CRevAS when it was published at the University of Manitoba under the joint editorship of John J. Teunissen and Bruce C. Daniels. To cap the commonalities off, we discovered as we got close to production that, ironically, the two journals are at literally the same moment in their publishing lives--Volume 26, Number 3. This coincidence is suggestive of many things, most of them indicative of the various fields that contribute to North American Studies, whether focused on Canada, the United States, or Mexico and Latin America, and of interdisciplinary studies more generally. That Canadian Studies in the United States and American Studies in Canada were sufficiently established to launch interdisciplinary journals at the same moment suggests that 1970 was a key instant in both academic communities. Without question, the need for outlets for interdisciplinary scholarship--works that crossed disciplinary borders--was being felt after the previous decade of university expansion. But the turmoil wrought by Vietnam, by the rise of the FLQ, and, more generally, by the social ferment which characterized North America at that time--including the rise of nationalism exemplified by Expo '67--played a contextual role, and emerging issues between Canada and the U.S.--the Auto Pact, Vietnam, and Canadian nationalism--demanded both academic attention and more considered analysis. From the start, both ARCS and CRevAS shared a mandate and, as such, have competed for manuscripts, especially those that dealt with comparative Canada-U.S. issues. What D.W. Meinig has called the "intense complexities" of the Canada-U.S. border regions are intense, and they are complex; thus, the work of those scholars able to deal with both sides of an intellectual question has been fervently sought. …


The evaluation methods of low temperature anti cracking performance of asphalt mixture are not unified.So to find an evaluation method of anti cracking performance of asphalt mixture as soon as possible is greatly important to reduce shrink cracking of asphalt pavement on the basis of analyzing and researching some evaluation methods from China and abroad.Through the analysis of tests and their results, it is found that the compressive strain energy of asphalt mixture at low temperature can reflect the low temperature performance, and asphalt the creep test at low temperature, can show the performance of asphalt mixture at 0℃,10% failure load. The compressive strain energy method can evaluate low temperature performance of asphalt mixture. The results indicate that the compressive strain energy method is simple and effective.


Kabupaten Karawang is an area ranked 3rd as an area that has the potential to be prone to violence against children. Every year from 2016 to 2020 always shows an increasing number every year. Classification with data mining by applying the 4.5 algorithm is expected to be a solution to reduce the number of violence against children in Karawang Regency. The data that has been obtained is validated using k-fold cross validation and then evaluated using a confusion matrix and ROC curve. The C4.5 algorithm can be used to classify data on violence against children in Karawang Regency and get good results. The results of the confusion matrix using 60:40 split data on the violence dataset in children in Karawang Regency produce an accuracy value of 82.8125%, a precision value of 96.8% and a recall value of 90.5%. While the evaluation with the ROC curve with the classification quality "Good Classification" of 0.897. The 70:30 data split method was evaluated with the confusion matrix, resulting in an accuracy value of 93.2432%, precision of 94.5% and recall of 87.5%. While the evaluation with the ROC curve with the classification quality "Excellent Classification" of 0.953. The 80:20 data split method was evaluated with the confusion matrix, resulting in an accuracy value of 92.9142%, a precision of 91.7% and a recall of 81%. While the evaluation with the ROC curve with the classification quality "Excellent Classification" of 0.941.


Adaptive notch filters are used to eliminate narrow-band or sine wave components with unknown or slowly time varying frequencies from observed time series. This paper derives the asymptotic bias and variance of the sine wave frequency estimate obtained by the adaptive notch filter recently proposed in [4].


Reasonable exploitation of flood in detention basins is one of important way to utilize water resources.Taking Dahuangpu detention basin in Tianjin City as an example,the concept and calculation method for relative risk of flood were presented.Then the risk and relative risk,loss,economic and ecological benefit were calculated for seven utilization scenarions.The results show that relative risk is more visual and easier for decision-maker's estimation to make out strategy timely,and both the detention water quantity and submerged area have an influence on loss and benefit simultaneously.At last,the reasonable scenario is selected through combining the results of risk,loss and benefit.


As a young man, Thoreau found the pencil of American manufacture a gross and greasy tool unfit for finer uses. In a breakthrough, then, for the family business, he discovered that by grinding the graphite to a near impalpable powder, then mixing it with clay just so, a pencil could be made that would write and sketch with such elegance and precision as to out-perform the standard Old World imports. It is hard to say whether Thoreau's technological fix was an application of the New England Transcendentalist imagination or, more prosaically, a shrewd colluding with the Industrial Revolution and the global market economy. But increasingly, and especially as we observe the bicentennial of Thoreau's birth, here is where we find him most: at the pivot point between this world and a world made better by intelligence, between raw nature and its sublimated refinement into meanings. We tend rightly to suppose that we can't have too many watchers posted at that gate.


Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), despite their beneficial effects on human or animal health, have emerged as an environmental pollutant due to their increased use and subsequent continuous entry into the aquatic environment. Existing wastewater treatment technologies are not designed to handle this specific class of pollutants and inadequate removal is commonly observed. Even in trace levels, APIs can trigger deleterious effects in terrestrial and aquatic organisms. This has resulted in APIs being recognized as an increasingly important environmental pollutant. This concern has necessitated the search for effective technologies to deal with this continuous accumulation of APIs in the environment.

The application of photochemical treatments, namely homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysis based on ultraviolet (UV) and sunlight, for the removal of APIs in water has been highlighted. Of these, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) photocatalysis has emerged as an effective treatment methodology for pharmaceutical removal. Its widespread application on large scales has been hindered by unfavourable kinetics, low degrees of mineralization and also high costs related to the use of artificial light and the recovery of TiO₂ nanoparticles. These issues need to be addressed now to ensure its adaptation for water treatment in the near future.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of direct photolysis and TiO₂ photocatalysis in combination with sunlight, a sustainable and low-cost light source and also UV light for the degradation of diclofenac (DCF), naproxen (NPX) and their mixtures in different water matrices. The efficiency of immobilized TiO₂ was furthermore assessed for amoxicillin (AMX) degradation.

In most cases, direct photolysis by UV irradiation allowed complete degradation for individual and mixture APIs. Lower degradation rates were observed when drinking water and river water were used compared to distilled water suggesting that the water matrix affects the efficiency of this process. The role of UV/TiO₂ photocatalysis in degrading DCF and NPX were examined by varying experimental parameters such as concentrations of APIs, TiO₂ loadings, solution pH and water matrices, with all parameters influencing the degradation of the APIs to some extent. A significant relationship between water matrix and the effectiveness of TiO₂ photocatalytic process has been observed. For mineralization, UV/TiO₂ photocatalysis led to higher oxidation rates compared to direct photolysis, although overall mineralization rates were incomplete. Studies using DCF and NPX mixtures revealed that degradation of NPX was slowed down in most cases in the presence of DCF. The degradation rates of both, DCF and NPX, in drinking water were suppressed in the presence of anions.

Solar degradation studies showed comparable performances with those undertaken under laboratory conditions although longer exposure times were generally required for the degradation of APIs. A dependency of the removal efficiency on the water matrix was also found. Although differing sunlight intensities somehow impacted on the performances of solar photolysis and solar TiO₂ photocatalysis, the results showed that sunlight can be used as an inexpensive source of photons for API degradation.

Various degradation products were identified following the TiO₂ photocatalytic treatment of DCF, NPX and their mixtures by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). The degradation of DCF and NPX produced a total of eight degradation products, mainly as a result of decarboxylation and hydroxylation. Degradation of DCF and NPX mixtures produced fifteen degradants corresponding to degradations of the individual APIs, while two degradation products with much higher molecular weight than the parent APIs were identified.

Integrated photocatalytic adsorbents (IPA) were prepared from TiO₂, synthesized by a sol-gel method and natural zeolite, characterized and used for AMX degradation. The prepared IPA material from pre-treated acid-alkali zeolite calcined at 300°C under nitrogen optimally degraded AMX. The superior performance of this IPA material was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM analysis showed an uneven surface structure as a result of TiO₂ cluster deposition. This increase in the surface roughness caused an increase in surface area, which then provides more active sites for adsorption and degradation to occur. XRD results showed that peaks from anatase, which are known to have a higher photocatalytic activity, were prominent in the IPA material calcined at 300°C. EDS analyses also confirmed the presence of higher amounts of TiO₂ in this material. The overall performance of the IPA material to degrade AMX was attributed to the adsorption capability of both the zeolite and photocatalytic activity of TiO₂. The immobilization of the synthesized TiO₂ on the surface of zeolite did not have a deleterious effect on the photoactivity of TiO₂.

This study confirms the findings from previous studies that the water matrices have a large effect on the performance of direct photolysis and TiO₂ photocatalysis for APIs degradation. TiO₂ photocatalysis can be efficient in degrading APIs; however, its performance is influenced by various operating parameters. The results obtained from TiO₂ photocatalytic degradations of API mixtures suggest that individual API components can hinder the degradation efficiency of other ones. This effect may be more pronounced when numerous APIs are present in real wastewater. Utilization of the same reactor for both solar and laboratory studies allowed a reasonable comparison although the "photon source" significantly contributed to the degradation efficiency. UV/TiO₂ photocatalysis, while efficiently degrading parent APIs, resulted in the formation of numerous degradation products. Thus, attention needs to be paid when applying this advance technology for real wastewater treatment as these degradants may be persistent or toxic themselves. Immobilized TiO₂ on natural zeolite can be used for the degradation of APIs. In addition, it can be recovered and reused for subsequent degradations.

This study has clearly demonstrated that TiO₂ photocatalysis can be applied to degrade APIs in both surface and drinking water and offers an attractive option for small-scale pharmaceutical water treatment. The complex nature of real effluents with co-existing pollutants and higher levels of organic and inorganic matter however calls for coupling of biological processes as pre- or post-treatment to improve their biodegradability.


bağışıklık literatür ABSTRACT Introduction: Reflexology, a special pressure technique and an energy balancing system, has beneficial effects on the regulation of blood circulation, gastrointestinal problems, hypertension etc. In this literature review, it was aimed to investigate studies conducted in Turkey on reflexology, one of the Complementary and Integrative Hemşireliği, %36.8'inin (n:7) Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hastalıkları Hemşireliği, %15.8'inin (n:3) Hemşirelik Esasları, %5.3'ünün (n:1) Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ve %5.3'ünün (n:1) Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalı'nda çalışan akademisyen hemşireler tarafından yapıldığı saptanmıştır. Discussion: The review of the studies regarding of reflexology revealed that these studies were mainly used for pain control, constipation, management of symptoms such as fatigue and anxiety, and improvement of the quality of life. Application of reflexology is increasing day by day since it has positive effects on the body systems, and it is an easy and cheap method. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses should learn by professional persons and have certificate and implement therapies such as reflexology which has multi-dimensional benefits, and they should review evidence-based studies and include it in the nursing care.


Abstract A quasi-linear retrieval was developed to profile moderately thin atmospheres using a high-resolution O2 A-band spectrometer. The retrieval is explicitly linear with respect to single scattering; the multiple-scattering contribution is treated as a perturbation. The properties of the linear inversion, examined using singular value decomposition of the kernel function, demonstrate the impacts of instrument specifications, such as resolution, out-of-band rejection, and signal-to-noise ratio, on information content. A system with 0.5 cm−1 resolution, signal-to-noise ratio of 100:1, and out-of-band floor of 10−3 has four independent pieces of information. A fast radiative transfer model was developed to compute the multiple-scattering perturbation, in which multiple scattering is calculated at 16 different O2 absorption depths to synthesize the O2 A band. The linear system is then solved using Tikhonov's regularization with inequality constraints. Tests with synthetic data, including noise, of O2 A-b...


The purpose of this article is to understand why people of the Jewish faith suffered many forms of discrimination in Switzerland between 1848 and 1874. In contradiction with the liberal and secular principles of the Federal state's designers, certain rights were reserved for the Christian population in the 1848 constitution. An alterity has thus been built within the Swiss nation itself. Removed during the revisions of 1866 and 1874, in response to strong external pressure, these provisions were rooted in a breeding ground of anti-Semitic prejudices.


Background—Interventions to increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume and activation are being extensively investigated as therapies to decrease the body weight in obese subjects. Noninvasive methods to monitor these therapies in animal models and humans are rare. We investigated whether contrast ultrasound (CU) performed in mice could detect BAT and measure its activation by monitoring BAT blood flow. After validation, CU was used to study the role of uncoupling protein 1 and nitric oxide synthases in the acute regulation of BAT blood flow. Methods and Results—Blood flow of interscapular BAT was assessed in mice (n=64) with CU by measuring the signal intensity of continuously infused contrast microbubbles. Blood flow of BAT estimated by CU was 0.5±0.1 (mean±SEM) dB/s at baseline and increased 15-fold during BAT stimulation by norepinephrine (1 µg·kg−1·min−1). Assessment of BAT blood flow using CU was correlated to that performed with fluorescent microspheres (R2=0.86, P<0.001). To evaluate whether intact BAT activation is required to increase BAT blood flow, CU was performed in uncoupling protein 1–deficient mice with impaired BAT activation. Norepinephrine infusion induced a smaller increase in BAT blood flow in uncoupling protein 1–deficient mice than in wild-type mice. Finally, we investigated whether nitric oxide synthases played a role in acute norepinephrine-induced changes of BAT blood flow. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase 3 attenuated the norepinephrine-induced increase in BAT blood flow. Conclusions—These results indicate that CU can detect BAT in mice and estimate BAT blood flow in mice with functional differences in BAT.


Cybersecurity of air force is new challenges topic in cyberspace. I would like to describe that challenges in my article. I think important is influence of Warsaw Summit 2016 and declaration, that Nato will be use in the future also Offensive Cyber Operation. I would like to describe them. Later I would like to focus how technology changes – satellite technologies should make an evolution in Air Force (maybe Air and Space Force should be). I will also describe India develop in cybersecurity of Air Force. In the and I will describe cybersecurity of Air Force objectives, gaps of cybersecurity of Air Force and try to give recommendation what to do to strengthen cybersecurity of Air Force.


ABSTRACT This article offers a comparative analysis of the transformation of midwifery practices in Beijing city and its rural neighborhood in China between 1926 and 1937. From the 1920s onwards, impelled by supports of governments, academic groups and foreign foundations, a reform of midwifery practices was triggered across China. Beijing was one of the forerunners in this reform. Through examining the midwifery regulations, the new style midwifery service, the midwife education/training programs, as well as the consequential influences on birth attendants and birth outcomes (neonatal, infant and maternal mortality rates) in Beijing's first health district and the nearby Qinghe district, this article shows that in the urban district the trained birth attendants performed better than the untrained personnel in preventing neonatal deaths. Also, the growing use of trained midwifery contributed to the reduction of infant and maternal mortality rates in the urban community. However, because of the paucity of sources of rural areas, such positive outcomes cannot be ascertained in the rural district. Yet an obvious urban-rural divergence in midwifery services and maternal care is still observed.


The principal aim of this study is to determine the impact of ISO/TS16949 efforts on total quality management (TQM) and the ISO/TS16949 efforts relationship in Malaysian automotive industry. A survey method was employed to collect data using English version for Malaysian respondents. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis empirically verified and validated the underlying items of TQM, ISO/TS16949 and organizational performance. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the proposed model. Data analysis revealed that TQM implementations have a strong and positive impact on organizational performance through direct relationship as well as through a mediating role of ISO/TS16949 efforts. From the research findings, it is viable to recommend that ISO/TS16949 should be incorporated with philosophy and methods of TQM to achieve better performance. This study proved to be valuable to academic researchers as well as automotive practitioners. It systematically analyzes the mediating effect of ISO/TS16949 efforts on TQM and organizational performance relationship.


LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Scoglio and colleagues (1) are to be praised for trying to use Bayesian reasoning in medical practice, but we think their conclusions are flawed because of two different biases. The first problem is the unusually high pretest probability of celiac disease in their study (75%). If we have to start from a pretest probability of disease based on clinical experience, as they correctly state, then in real life this probability is far lower than they assume. We think a good estimate of celiac disease in patients in primary or secondary care could be no more than 10–20%: that is, of 100 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, anemia, failure to thrive . . . in which a physician can suspect celiac disease, only about 10 to 20 will be really affected. Teaching hospitals, of course, are prone to referral bias, and, therefore, this probability could be higher, but nowhere near 75%. This pretest probability is inflated by including in the study people who were already positive to serological tests before arriving at the clinic: they were not representative of the general population. Therefore, in the real world the starting point for using Fagan's nomogram should be much lower than the one they use: let's say 15%. The second (and even more serious) problem is the suggested strategy of sequential testing, using posttest probability of disease after transglutaminase antibodies (TGA) as pretest probability for applying antiendomysial antibodies (AEA). In Bayesian reasoning, beliefs (likelihood of a disease being present) are updated after acquiring new information with each test: but we can use the full informative content of a test only if each test is "conditionally independent" from the former. That is, if two tests provide about the same information, when some information has been extracted from the first, little information remains to be extracted from the second (2). Vacek warned (3) about conditional independence " . . . if both tests are based on a particular antibody reaction, something that inhibits the reaction or causes a false reaction for one of the tests may have a similar effect on the other." The fact is, both TGA and AEA are directed against the same antigen. The correlation between TGA and AEA is very high (r = 0.86) (4): just as an example, the correlation between different methods to measure specific IgE antibodies (RAST) against the same allergen varies from 0.72 to 0.98 (5). Therefore, a second AEA testing would give us very little usable information, at most 14% (100% − 86%) of the test's original informative content. Now, let's try some recounting: if we start from a pretest probability of disease of 15%, the first test (TGA, positive likelihood ratio 3.89) could raise this probability up to about 50%. We need a second test, but the AEA test is conditionally dependent on the first one, so that we are not allowed to apply an AEA test and use it in a Bayesian way—unless subtracting substantially from its informative value. Its full informative content, if used alone, corresponds to a likelihood ratio (LR+) of 7.48, but it drops to a fraction of this value if used after a TGA test. The LR+ corresponding to this reduced informative content is less than 2: using this LR+ in the Fagan's nomogram, the probability of disease after the second (nonindependent) test rises from 50% to 70%. Therefore, in the real world the answer to the question "Is intestinal biopsy always needed for diagnosis of celiac disease?" is definitely: Yes. What is the reason for the suggested testing strategy? There is a widely held belief that AEA are more specific than TGA for diagnosing celiac disease: but this is only because some TGA tests, usually based on guinea-pig transglutaminase, are not as good as some TGA tests based on human transglutaminase. But it is easy to show that specificity of some human TGA tests is just the same as AEA specificity, if their sensitivity is lowered to that of AEA (6). The real utility of serological tests is not to "rule in," but to "rule out" celiac disease, and this is only in children less than 2 years old with a medium-low probability of disease. If both gliadin antibodies (which are directed against different antigens, and, therefore, are conditionally independent) and AEA (or, now, human TGA) are negative, then the probability of celiac disease drops down to 0.3% (7): we can confidently tell the parents that their toddler is not celiac.


Purpose – This paper aims to examine the characteristics of buyer‐supplier relationship dissolution in China.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents the results of nine in‐depth interviews of Chinese managers of dissolved long‐term business relationships.Findings – The paper finds that it is common in China for relationships to have a transferable "energy" after the dissolution of a relationship due to the guanxi that exists between individuals prior to dissolution. It is also common for dysfunctional relationships to "fade away" so as not to lose "face" for a business partner or damage any guanxi developed by abruptly ending relations. Additionally, a characteristic of dissolution in China is the involvement of a third‐party (an individual who introduced subsequent business partners), who would often then play an active role in the dissolution of the relationship.Research limitations/implications – The findings are based on data from managers in private enterprises with no examination of state‐o...


BACKGROUND
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is the best indicator of vitamin D status. However, some controversy remains regarding "normal" and "abnormal" values. This study's aim was to assess vitamin D status and prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism.

METHODS
A random sample of 326 subjects (164 women and 162 men, aged 68 +/- 9; range, 54 to 89) participating in the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study (EVOS) was used to assess vitamin D status and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Only those subjects who had never received any kind of treatment for osteoporosis were included in this analysis.

RESULTS
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were "deficient" (<10 ng/mL) in 27% of subjects, "borderline" (10-18 ng/mL) in 40% of subjects, and "normal" (>18 ng/mL) in 33% of subjects. The prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism (PTH>65 pg/mL) according to 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels was 33% (<10 ng/mL), 16% (10-18 ng/mL), and 12% (>18 ng/mL), respectively. There were no cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels>40 ng/mL. The independent predictors for PTH were 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum creatinine in both sexes, but age was a predictor only in men.

CONCLUSION
These remarkable findings demonstrate the importance of maintaining higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels to avoid stimulation of the parathyroid gland.


In the age of technology, arti fi cial intelligence has reached new heights. The growth of the educational system has also evolved with technological growth. In this research, people are going to study the construction of ideological and political education in higher vocational schools based on smartphone carriers. The use of smartphones is becoming more common and unavoidable due to the growth of Internet technology, cloud technology, and wireless technology. The availability of 4G and 5G technologies supports all the relevant and nonrelevant industries to utilize this growth. The fi eld of education has also adapted to this new age of technology by implementing online classes that replace classes that were traditionally taken in school classrooms. Mobile phones serve the purpose of helping students learn via various means, such as educational apps, educational websites, and video conferencing classes, also called e-classes. Wireless networks are available almost everywhere. With the help of this wireless technology and technology like 5G, smartphone usage has increased. Using deep learning models, wireless networks, Internet technology, and smartphones, a system has been proposed that could be used to build ideological and political education in high-tech schools.