The current research study addresses the dyeing of linen fabric using binary mixture of Mangifera indica and Azadirachta indica leaves in combination with biomordants Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and peel of Citrus cinensis. The effects of combination of all the three types of biomordants on the colour strength of dyed linen fabric were examined.  Evaluation of colour strength (K/S), colour data (L*, a*, b*) and colour fastness properties of dyed linen fabric against washing, light, dry and wet rubbing were evaluated. Washing, rubbing, light and perspiration fastness of the dyed samples were of excellent fastness grades. Keywords: Natural dyes, mordants, colour strength, colour fastness Cite this Article Shweta Patel, Ritu Pandey, Harshita Gupta et al. Eco-friendly Dyeing of Linen Fabric with Binary Mixture of Natural Dyes. Research & Reviews: Journal of Herbal Science. 2017; 6(2): 1–5p.


We observed a thermotropic phase transition in poly[3,4-dihexyl thiophene-2,2′:5,6′-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene] (PDHBDT) thin films accompanied by a transition from a random orientation to an ordered lamellar phase via a nearly hexagonal lattice upon annealing. We demonstrate the effect of temperature-dependent molecular packing on charge carrier mobility (μ) in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and photovoltaic characteristics, such as exciton diffusion length (LD) and power conversion efficiency (PCE), in organic solar cells (OSCs) using PDHBDT. The μ was continuously improved with increasing annealing temperature and PDHBDT films annealed at 270 °C resulted in a maximum μ up to 0.46 cm2/(V s) (μavg = 0.22 cm2/(V s)), which is attributed to the well-ordered lamellar structure with a closer π–π stacking distance of 3.5 A as shown by grazing incidence-angle X-ray diffraction (GIXD). On the other hand, PDHBDT films with a random molecular orientation are more effective in photovoltaic devices th...


ABSTRACT Based on archaeological and anthropological data on the socio-political effects of two historically distant extreme occurrences in nature, we explore how certain types of events unsettle progressive chronology to the extent of establishing periodic intervals of circular and repetitive temporality; 'islands of time'. The article is built around a comparison of the socio-temporal repercussions of two extreme natural events: the El Niño-related flooding that hit southern Mozambique early in 2000 CE and the Thera eruption on Crete around 1600 BCE. Using the former as a 'trans-temporal hinge' for connecting otherwise disparate temporal occurrences, we show how event episodes like the Mozambique floods and the Thera eruption twist free from the hold of linearity by continuously 'looping' time around themselves and thereby (re)actualising their own conditions of existence. In our analysis, the empirical point of contact between the two cases is architecture and how negotiations of the built environment reflect temporal looping.


From lithium-ion batteries to human organs, the boundaries of additive manufacturing innovation are rapidly expanding. Traditionally reserved for industrial applications, additive manufacturing (also known as three-dimensional ( " 3D " ) printing) is creeping into mainstream and consumer use. With larger scale adoption comes a significant increase in intellectual property ( " IP " ) disputes among those seeking to benefit from this transformative technology. To survive these inevitable clashes over valuable IP assets, rights holders need to understand the relevant, complex, and rapidly-evolving legal landscape, including its multiple opportunities and pitfalls. This Article reviews the advantages and limitations of legal strategies used to create, protect, attack, and defend stakeholders ' IP in this burgeoning field. Specifically, it examines the increasing difficulties faced in seeking protection under current patent laws and doctrines. It further explores how patent, trade secret, copyright, and other IP laws assist and challenge those seeking


This paper presents a numerical method and its application for an assessment of the flow field ins ide a wind tunnel. A structured CFD solver with overset mesh t echnique is developed in order to simulate geometrically com plex configurations. Applying the developed solver, a wh ole transonic cascade wind tunnel is modelled and simul ated by a two-dimensional manner. The upstream and downstream periodicity of the cascade and the effect of the tu nnel wall on the unsteady flow field are focused on. From the st eady flow simulations, the existence of an optimum throttle p osition for the best periodicity for each tailboard angle is sh own, which provides appropriate aerodynamic characteristics of ideal cascades in the wind tunnel environment. Unsteady simulations with blade oscillation is also conducte d, and the difference in the influence coefficients between id eal and wind tunnel configurations becomes large when the pressu amplitude increases on the lower blades. INTRODUCTION A detailed knowledge of the characteristics of moti onexcited aerodynamic force is essential for understa nding and predicting an aeromechanical behaviour in turbomach inery. In order to measure motion-excited aerodynamic force ( often referred to as unsteady aerodynamic force), a numbe r of researches have been conducted so far using linear cascade wind tunnels [1]. A typical way for obtaining unste ady aerodynamic force is to measure the responses of fl ow field and aerodynamic force acting on the airfoils under pr scribed blade motion. Such data are used for validations of numerical model for predicting and optimizing blade vibration characteristics during the design stage of turbomac hinery [2]. The operating conditions of the wind tunnels are car fully controlled to realize flow field similar to ideal i nf nite cascade (i.e. pitchwise periodicity) before detailed aerody namic measurement [3-4]. Therefore, establishing a guideli ne for controlling the wind tunnel is beneficial for gathe ring data over a wide range of flow conditions. In addition, the cascade wind tunnels often have different geometrical detai ls from an ideal infinite cascade, such as finite number of ai r oils, tailboards, and suction mechanisms. Thus, the differ ences that can arise from these real geometrical features shou ld be known in detail when a comparison is made between w ind tunnel measurement and numerical simulation results . Some past studies focuses attention on the effects of wind tunnel geometry on steady flow fields and unsteady aerodynamic force characteristics. Lepicovsky et al. [5] showed the importance of tailboard geometry on the periodicity of steady flow field through experiment al and numerical assessments. Buffum and Fleeter [6] discu ssed the deterioration of uniformity in unsteady pressure co fficient for traveling-wave-mode oscillation, with focusing on propagating wave direction and its interaction with the wind tunnel wall. Later they reported the effect of acous tic mode in the wind tunnel on the measured aerodynamic influen ce coefficients [7]. Ott et al. [8] conducted a numeri cal study for extracting the effect of tailboard on the steady an d u steady flow field in a transonic turbine cascade. All the studies reported the tailboard or wind tunnel wall have sig nif cant effect on the steady and motion-excited flow fields . The aim of this study is to develop a numerical meth od for an assessment of the flow field inside a cascad e wind tunnel for establishing a basic procedure for contr olling its flow field. The modelling of whole wind tunnel and parametric study of its geometrical setup are enabl ed y using overset mesh technique. Using the developed method, t e steady and unsteady simulations of the whole wind t u nel are conducted with focusing on the periodicity of the c as ade section and the effects of tunnel wall on the motio n-excited flow field. TRANSONIC CASCADE WIND TUNNEL An analysis target for this study is a transonic ca scade wind tunnel in the University of Tokyo. This wind t unnel is designed for aeroelastic investigations of fan or c ompressor cascade, and it had been used for fundamental resea rches on


A method for preparing HCl 5-{4-[2-(5-ethyl-pyridine-2-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-thiazolidine-2,4-dione is provided to use a nitrobenzene derivative having a leaving group as a reaction intermediate which is a solid compound, does not generate a lot of impurities, and is easy for purification, thereby obtaining a desired product with high purity. A method for preparing pioglitazone HCl 5-(4-[2-(5-ethyl-pyridine-2-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione represented by the formula(1) comprises the steps of: (a) subjecting a nitrobenzene derivative represented by the formula(3) and having a leaving group(L) and 2-(5-ethyl-pyridine-2-yl)-ethanol represented by the formula(4) in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride or sodium hydroxide to a coupling reaction to obtain a 5-ethyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophenoxy)-ethyl]-pyridine compound represented by the formula(5); and (b) reducing the compound of the formula(5) to prepare 4-[2-(5-ethyl-pyridine-2-yl)-ethoxy]-phenylamine represented by the formula(6), wherein the leaving group is methanesulfonyloxy or p-toluene sulfonyloxy.


Electromagnetic interference (EMI) may be caused by the fast switching of thyristors and gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs), which are used in static var compensators (SVCs) and static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs) to control reactive power generation and absorption to and from the transmission system. As a result, high levels of electrical disturbance may be coupled into the electrical ports of auxiliary electronic equipment, and if the levels are above the immunity level of the equipment, maloperation that may lead to a trip can occur. This study sought to measure typical conducted EMI levels in four selected SVC-based and one static synchronous compensator (STATCOM)-based substation. The results and their correlation to the existing IEC 61000-4 EMC Standards series are discussed, and indications of changes to the immunity tests are presented.


Study of the lattice location of Ga adsorbed from weakly acidic methanol solution on chemically cleaned Si(111) surfaces has been carried out by an x‐ray standing wave (XSW) technique using a conventional Mo Kα x‐ray source. XSW is a very sensitive and precise technique to determine impurity atom locations normal to the diffraction planes. In addition to measurements of adatom locations normal to the crystal surface plane, the atom locations relative to planes inclined to the surface were measured. Self‐consistent field Hartree–Fock cluster investigations were carried out for Ga on Si(111) surfaces for different high‐symmetry adsorption sites such as substitutional, atop, threefold open, and threefold eclipsed to determine the minimum energy positions. The effect of lattice relaxation was studied for the eclipsed site alone. Analyzing the XSW results together with the bond lengths and binding energies derived from cluster calculations indicates that Ga coadsorbs at the atop and threefold relaxed eclipse s...


The science of economics has made a number of important contributions to understanding greenhouse gases and their optimal control. From basic economic theory, economists have pointed out the need to minimize the sum of mitigation costs and climate damages (Nordhaus 1992). From this simple insight, society can derive an elegant solution to greenhouse gases. The optimal policy for society should balance marginal mitigation costs with marginal damages. Economics also provides an important perspective on time. Time is valuable and cannot be ignored. This is especially critical for a problem that has a very long time horizon. Costs borne in the present are more burdensome than costs born in the future. Finally, economics has much to offer in quantifying both the costs of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions (Weyant 2008) and the damages that climate change will cause to society (Pearce et al. 1996; Tol 2002; Mendelsohn et al. 2006). Stern (2007) and Dietz and Stern (2008) largely reject all of these contributions by economics. They argue that "minimizing the present value of costs of climate change and costs of abatement is both misleading and dangerous." They argue that treating future costs as though they are worth less than current costs is "unethical." They reject the empirical analysis of actual impacts arguing that the impacts are unknowable. They reject the economic estimates of mitigation costs in favor of the free-lunch estimates of technologists. Dietz and Stern argue that "strong and urgent action is in fact good economics." To make this case, they assume that the discount rate is effectively zero, that climate change poses "severe risks" far beyond any we can measure, and that the mitigation costs will be lower than the most optimistic scenario. Even then, they suggest a formal weighing of costs and damages is unacceptable and that instead society should turn to ethical principles to guide greenhouse gas policy. They invoke an "ethics of responsibility of current generations for future generations." This is climate advocacy, not good economics. What can the current generation do for future generations? By investing in capital, infrastructure, and technology, many generations since the industrial revolution have spurred economic growth, allowing future generations to enjoy a much higher standard of living. Dollars invested in capital and new technology grow at the interest rate, providing a reward


The objective of this study is to present a novel model for simulating the evolution of gradual change systems. The proposed model, named SDCA-state delay cellar automata, extends the traditional cellar automata (CA) to include state delay, variable time step, and state-delay cell evolving to aid prediction making for the gradual systems developments. The model can perform microcosmic changing happens in one time step through changing state-delay time. In this article, the SDCA model used to simulate the forest fire spreading which is a typical gradual changing system under different external conditions. As experiments' result shown, SDCA model can simulate the forest fire spreading and perform gradual changing with time step varied accurately and simply. Finally, it is concluded that the SDCA model is an effective model in simulating the gradual changing systems' propagation.


The inheriting and developing of the original singing method of minorities'music is the top topic of its researching.More attention should be paid on the inheriting and developing of the various music essences of minorities in Guizhou from the senior music educator.The minorities original singing methods were vary from the advancing of the history.How can we reserve and pass the minorities'music is how we develop the music of our nation.


boy meets someone slightly older than himself, with whom he works as a fellow camp counselor, does the reader feel he has someone to talk with meaningfully about matters of male identity. Among these matters, of course, are girls and sex, and Steinberg's treatment of them evokes all the pain, confusion, and comedy of teenage love and lust. As the boy plans to dedicate himself to training all winter to make the eighthgrade team the following spring, he realizes he had "neglected to factor in . . . girls and sex, the bane of every adolescent boy's existence." Once the boy turns thirteen, the reader enjoys and sympathizes with his struggles with all the stuff of adolescent sexuality: the longing for the hottest girls in school, the discovery of Playboy, the guilt of masturbation, the bumbling attempts at getting to first base, and the sheer confusion about it all. As a literary memoir,Still Pitching, though true to Steinberg's memory, reads as smoothly as a novel. It is likely no accident that the book references, through the boy's reading, such noted maturation tales as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Catcher in the Rye, and the boy's strong literary interests foreshadow the man's writing of the book—a tale of growing up, warts and all, with tears and laughter, with pluck and determination, and with baseball.


Annotation. The applicability of high-performance liquid chromatography for the purity control of the substance of 3-methyl-8-pi-perazino-7-(thiethan-3-yl)-1-ethylxanthine hydrochloride was investigated. The chromatographic behaviors of the substance and the starting 8-bromo-3-methyl-7-(thiethan-3-yl)-1-ethylxanthine impurity were studied for different eluent systems. In the selected sys-tem, the UV spectra of the compounds were measured and the maximum absorption wavelengths were chosen. A procedure for de-termining and standardizing the content of the starting 8-bromo-3-methyl-7-(thiethan-3-yl)-1-ethylxanthine impurity in the 3-methyl-8-piperazino-7-(thiethan-3-yl)-1-ethylxanthine hydrochloride substance was developed.


The aim of this report is to summarize the clinical and laboratory effect and possible side-effects arising in the use of FEIBA IMMUNO for treating Factor VIII and IX inhibitor patients. In the time between 22nd November 1974 and today FEIBA IMMUNO was supplied for 104 treatment periods. More than 70 patients in 22 hemophilia centers all over Europe were treated, 59 case reports from 19 of the centers were sent to IMMUNO AG for further evaluation. In 8 cases minor surgery was carried out, of which only one case was complicated by post-operative bleeding. In all other cases different bleeding complications were treated. The clinical effect was difficult to evaluate, but the impression was favourable. FEIBA's effect on WBCT, the r-value of TEG, and on aPTT are statistically evaluated for two different mean dosages. Acute side-effects were allergic reactions in 5 cases and laboratory signs of DIC in 4 cases, two of which had received extremely high dosages. Calculation of the mean pre- and post-treatment values for platelets and fibrinogen did not show any differences.


A wet process for desulfurizing fume features that the industrial waste water and dregs containing organic acid or its salt have the lime (or lime stone) added to the wet desulfurizing system of fume. For the industrial waste water containing less organic acid or its salt but more organic substance, it must be oxidized by wet air in advance. Its advantages are high desulfurizing rate, high utilization rate of lime, and no secondary pollution.


There are some problems about the party's burden of proof in existing legislation,such as lack of rights,procedure missing or anomie,ineffectiveness of the results.In order to insure implementation of proof rights of the parties and represent truly the unity of rights and obligations,the procedural safeguard of the parties' burden of proof should at least include adequate rights of proof,complete proof procedures,and full reasoning of referee instruments.


Commercial exploitation of heterosis is feasible in maize due to floral morphology and high rate of cross pollination. Heterosis was estimated in 21 top cross derivates .The hybrid CML-269 X NM and CML-251 X NM exhibited significant and positive heterosis for grain yield over mid parent, better parent and checks, whereas, GWL-7 X NM, CML-286 X NM and CML-292 X NM showed significant heterosis for grain yield over mid parent, better parent and economic heterosis over check Narmada Moti. The desirable heterosis was also observed in the cross combinations of CML-269 X NM for days to 50 % tasselling, days to 50 % silking, ear height, days to 75 % maturity , ear length, ear girth, number of grain row per ear, number of grains per row, shelling percentage, 100-kernel weight and protein content.


The subject of research in the article is the energy spectrum of a multilayer quantum sized structure with an energy profile of a complex shape. The goal of this work is to study the interaction of quantum-confined and quasi- continuum energy states of particles under the action of an external stationary electric field applied perpendicular to the planes of quantum confinement. The following tasks were solved in the article: The spectrum of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of particle energy is determined, both in the area of the quantum confinement and in the area of the quasi-continuum. The definition of the eigenfunctions takes into account the fact that the phase of the eigenfunctions changes due to the motion of particles over the quantum well. The following methods were used to solve the set tasks: quantum mechanical modeling of stationary states in a structure with an energy profile of a complex shape; methods of the theory of small perturbations for describing the interaction of particles in such a structure. The following results were obtained: the basic calculation relations of the mathematical model of the energy states of particles and quasiparticles in quantum-limited and quasi-continuum states were obtained within the framework of the quantum-mechanical approach. The interaction of energy states of particles and quasiparticles in each of the bands between quantum-confined and quasi-continuum states is described depending on the external influence. The theory of small perturbations is applied in the paper to assess the degree of interaction. Conclusions: Analysis of the results of modeling the energy spectrum of a structure with two quantum wells, calculated for an unperturbed state and for the case of external action in the form of a stationary electric field, leads to the following conclusions: in the absence of an external field acting on the considered quantum well structure, electrons and holes located above the separation barrier are characterized by a non-monotonically increasing spectrum of energy states. In this case, the particles are predominantly localized above the quantum wells; the action of a constant external electric field on the structure under consideration leads to the manifestation of the quantum-limited Stark effect both for solitary and for multilayer periodic quantum well structures. In this case, the delocalization of the wave functions and the shift of the corresponding energy levels (the lowest energy levels in the structure under consideration) is expressed as strongly as in multilayer symmetric structures. At the same time, the effect is almost invisible for the higher levels. This is especially pronounced for the energy levels lying above the separation barrier. Thus, it can be expected that an equidistant energy spectrum can be realized at a certain external field strength, which in turn should simplify significantly the attainment of the second harmonic generation mode if the structure under consideration is used in the active region of a semiconductor laser.


One of the important questions to address when one considers the governance and bureaucracy of the future is: What about the individual? Traditional governance and bureaucracy focuses on rational features of organizations and groups, rather than the idiosyncrasies and essentials of being human, with hearts, desires, ambitions, emotions, perceptions, feelings, and life experiences that, ultimately, shape all that we do, say and feel. I urge readers to consider the specific needs of human beings-with all that they bring to organizational life-and speak specifically about the need to recognize grief and loss in the world of administration. This paper talks about grief: what it is; the forms it can take; what might spark it; and how organizations currently respond. The need to support grieving individuals in public administration (PA) organizations is discussed.


We describe a dynamically polarized target that has been utilized for two electron scattering experiments in Hall A at Je ff erson Lab. The primary components of the target are a new, high cooling power 4 He evaporation refrigerator, and a re-purposed, superconducting split-coil magnet. It has been used to polarize protons in irradiated NH 3 at a temperature of 1 K and at fields of 2.5 and 5.0 Tesla. The performance of the target material in the electron beam under these conditions will be discussed. Maximum polarizations of 28% and 95% were obtained at those fields, respectively. To satisfy the requirements of both experiments, the magnet had to be routinely rotated between angles of 0 ◦ , 6 ◦ , and 90 ◦ with respect to the incident electron beam. This was accomplished using a new rotating vacuum seal which permits rotations to be performed in only a few minutes.


Cooking is an activity that makes it possible to traditions, legacies, and different cultures to be created and prosper around it. This practice connects with the roots and allows to share with others, keeping us healthy to enjoy the leisure it proposes.
The objective of this work is to design a mobile user interface that allows the public to learn how to cook using the appropriate techniques, in an easy, guided, and autonomous way. Due to the interactions proposed by the gamification theory, the aim is to get the user excited and develop healthy habits.
To this end, several types of investigation were used, both qualitative and quantitative, such as benchmarking, surveys, and mystery shopper dynamics, as well as DCU techniques such as heuristic evaluation, and story framing, which put together deliver an attractive and comfortable user interface, that implements the system design parameters proposed by the "Android Material Design" to be appropriated correctly both from the technical conception to its use.


A device model is described for the simulation of the effects of single-event and radiation phenomena on the operation of GaAs MESFETs. The model can be utilized in a circuit simulator to evaluate integrated-circuit designs and aid in the provision of adequate upset margins for various operating environments. Additional subcircuit construction is unnecessary since the electrical responses to the different phenomena are intrinsic to the device template. Example simulations using SPICE3 are described


Fly ash generated in coal-fired power plants is an abundant mineral resource that has been successfully used in protective coatings as a very hard and inert filler pigment. A discussion of the physical and chemical properties as well as field experience is presented.


Successful operation of the enterprise is practically impossible without innovations that allow to attract new consumers, improve product quality, competitiveness. The article considers the essence and main types of innovations in the hotel industry. Prerequisites for the introduction of innovations in the hospitality industry are: increasing competition; increasing consumer requirements; growing demand for goods and services; the desire of enterprises to increase market share, attract new customers, improve the image, technological processes of providing services, reduce costs and more. Obstacles to the introduction of innovations are identified: high cost of investment, lack of financial resources, unwillingness of management staff to innovate, high risk, lack of experience. Organizational and economic mechanism of management of innovative activity of hotel industry is a system of principles, functions, methods, tools, strategies, and also normative-legal maintenance which purpose is effective carrying out of innovative policy of the enterprise for improvement of its competitiveness in the market and quality of services. The structure of this mechanism is revealed. The principles of innovation management in the hotel industry are defined: assessment of innovation efficiency, continuity, complexity, sustainability, security, system, compliance with the needs of stakeholders. Methods of innovation management are given: economic incentives, socio-psychological and organizational-legal. The following instruments are defined: laws, regulations, loans, taxes, tax benefits, state and regional programs, plans, financing, rent, franchising and others. Each company chooses its innovation strategy depending on its capabilities. Innovative strategies of hotel management are revealed.


The tool we use influences the product. This paper demonstrates that higher order functions are a necessary tool for research in the GIS area, because higher order functions permit to separate the treatment of attribute data from the organisation of processing in data structures. Higher order functions are functions which have functions as arguments. A function to traverse a data structure can thus have as an argument a function to perform specific operations with the attribute data stored. This is crucial in the GIS arena, where complex spatial data structures are necessary. Higher order functions were tacitly assumed for Tomlin's Map Algebra. The lack of higher order functions in the design stage of GIS and in the implementation is currently most felt for visualization, where the problems of the interaction between the generic computer graphics solutions and the particulars of the application area preclude advanced solutions, which combine the best results from both worlds. Similar problems are to be expected with the use of OpenGIS standardized functionality. This paper demonstrates the concept of higher order functions in a modern functional programming language with a class based (object-oriented) type concept. It shows how the processing of data elements is completely separated from the processing of the data structure. Code for different implementations of data structures can be freely combined with code for different types of representation of spatial properties in cells. The code fragments in the paper are executable code in the Gofer/Haskell functional programming language.


This paper explores HIV prevention messages reported by young people, and their perceived risk of HIV infection in faith communities. A questionnaire survey was conducted, including young people (n ...


The invention discloses a preparation method of a novel nano modified antibiosis aqueous woodenware paint, and the paint comprises the ingredients of an acrylic resin emulsion, a polyurethane resin emulsion, nano silica sol, nano alumina, nano titanium dioxide, nano silver, a film forming auxiliary agent, an antifoaming agent, a wetting dispersant, a levelling agent, a thickening agent, emulsion wax and a pH conditioning agent. The nano material can be dispersed in an aqueous paint, the hardness of the film can be increased, and thereby the paint has excellent anti yellowing performance, age proof performance and antibacterial property.


The study was conducted on evaluation of eight gerbera varieties to assess growth, flowering and yield parameters under low cost polyhouse and shade net (50 per cent) conditions at Model Floriculture Centre, of the university during 2007. Low cost polyhouse planting recorded significantly better growth and yield to shade net planting. Flower stalk length, diameter of flower, stalk diameter and yield of flower per square meter were more under low cost polyhouse conditions as compared to shade net conditions. The duration of flower, days taken to first floret opening and vase life were also more under low cost polyhouse conditions as compared to shade net conditions. Among the varieties evaluated, Ruby Red, Dalma, Essance and Dune were found promising for commercial cultivation under protected conditions.


The algorithm for object classification on multispectral/hyperspectral images based on the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory is represented. The algorithm allows detecting not only separate classes but also their composition, i.e. takes into account the "mixed" pixels inherent in the presence of medium spatial resolution images.


Abstract Let $G$ be the $F$ -rational points of the symplectic group $S{{p}_{2n}}$ , where $F$ is a non-Archimedean local field of characteristic 0. Cogdell, Kim, Piatetski-Shapiro, and Shahidi constructed local Langlands functorial lifting from irreducible generic representations of $G$ to irreducible representations of $G{{L}_{2n+1}}\left( F \right)$ . Jiang and Soudry constructed the descent map from irreducible supercuspidal representations of $G{{L}_{2n+1}}\left( F \right)$ to those of $G$ , showing that the local Langlands functorial lifting from the irreducible supercuspidal generic representations is surjective. In this paper, based on above results, using the same descent method of studying $S{{O}_{2n+1}}$ as Jiang and Soudry, we will show the rest of local Langlands functorial lifting is also surjective, and for any local Langlands parameter $\phi \,\in \,\Phi \left( G \right)$ , we construct a representation $\sigma $ such that $\phi $ and $\sigma $ have the same twisted local factors. As one application, we prove the $G$ -case of a conjecture of Gross-Prasad and Rallis, that is, a local Langlands parameter $\phi \,\in \,\Phi \left( G \right)$ is generic, i.e., the representation attached to $\phi $ is generic, if and only if the adjoint $L$ -function of $\phi $ is holomorphic at $s\,=\,1$ . As another application, we prove for each Arthur parameter $\psi $ , and the corresponding local Langlands parameter ${{\phi }_{\psi }}$ , the representation attached to ${{\phi }_{\psi }}$ is generic if and only if ${{\phi }_{\psi }}$ is tempered.


Loss at any connection between two fibers can be attributed to two distinctly different mechanisms, instantaneous junction loss, and downstream transient loss. This paper discusses the use of short and long measurement conditions to separately identify these losses and the implications for system design with LED sources.


Most studies, regarding Walter Sickert as a dispassionate flâneur, have focused on the significance of social realism and criticism in his music-hall scenes. Previous studies have also tended to analyze his formal and technical mastery and his role as a major forerunner of modern British art. This article attempts to consider Sickert"s works of music halls from another point of view, arguing that his connection of the artificiality of painting with that of performance is a metaphor for the theatricality of modern experience. With the use of mirrors and theatrical devices, Sickert"s music hall is frequently represented in such an ambiguous perspective that the spatial relationship between the performer and audience is confused. The perplexities and deception of the painted surfaces further turn the identities of the audience and performer into uncertainty. Theatricality transcended the reality of everyday life, but it also threatened the Victorian belief in the truthfulness of truth and the true self. Through a series of London music-hall paintings, Sickert disclosed social and cultural concerns of the period. Just like the theatricality of performances, these paintings, with their disoriented vision and form, reveal the essential in authenticity of urban, modern experience and the complexity and uncertainty of identity.


A mother and her 3-year-old child were traveling together by car when they had an accident. The accident occurred due to the third party's fault, but the seriously injured child was not wearing a seat belt. Here, there is no doubt that the third party is liable for compensation, but how will the fault of the mother who contributed to the child's serious injury by not making him wear a seat belt be evaluated? The same question is also valid for the case where a 4-year-old boy, traveling on a train with his mother, falls out of the wagon after opening its door while his mother is not 'closely involved' with him. Does the mother's fault affect the compensation due to the child? Should it be accepted that the father of the 22-month-old child, who fell from the upper platform of the 1.5-meter slide to the ground and got injured, neglected his duty to care and therefore 'contributed' to the damage? If so, can the manufacturer of the slide, as the liable party, assert that some of the damage to the child is caused by the father's violation of his duty to care and, therefore, s/he her/himself cannot be held liable for the whole damage? Can the father, who sent his hyperactive 5-year-old child to school only in the company of his 9-year-old sister, be considered negligent and liable if the child got hit by a scooter when he suddenly jumped onto the road? The common ground of the questions raised above (based on some Swiss and German Federal Court judgments explained in detail below) is the limits of the parents' duty to care and the effects of its violation on the amount of the child's claim for damages. In other words, from the legal point of view, the common question that arose in all the cases is whether it is appropriate and/or necessary to make a deduction from the compensation to be paid to the child by the third party-tortfeasor where parents1 violate their duty to care at the time when the harmful act occurs? Before explaining the topic in detail, it is essential to underline the conflict of interests here: the injured child's main interest is to compensate for all the damage s/he suffers. On the other hand, the tortfeasor is interested in maintaining his freedom of action by avoiding over-compensation. Therefore, the main challenge is to find the golden mean.


Abstract Objective: To study the very long-term course of severe depression and the subjects own experiences many years after a suicide attempt. Method: Patients diagnosed with severe depression/melancholia between 1956 and 1969 were interviewed 37- 53 years after index admission. Seventy-five telephone interviews were held and medical records were read in many cases. Long-term course of depression was evaluated by cluster analysis. Suicide attempts were related to the depressive course. Among those interviewed, 13 who made one or more suicide attempts were in 2013 asked to attend a qualitative interview. Semi-structured interviews were held, using an interview guide and analysed according to grounded theory technique. Result: There was a short-term course, with or without recurrence, or a chronic course with or without late remission. Heredity for depression was significantly related to a chronic course, with or without late improvement. Twenty-nine subjects had attempted suicide, of whom 13 had made repeated attempts. The risk of attempting suicide decreased by 10% for every decade which depression occurred. Suicide attempts were made early in the course of depression, and there was a longer total time of depression after suicide attempts than before. Three categories where identified after a suicide attempt: coming under professional care, experiencing a relief in the personal situation and making a decision to continue to live. From these a core-category emerged labelled regaining control and taking care of oneself. Conclusion: Both long-term improvement and late recurrences are possible after a chronic course of severe depression. Our results also indicate that recovery from depression is not a precondition for ending suicidal behavior. Adding some kind of psychosocial treatment to initial somatic treatment seems important. (Less)


Many new complications have been arising after being infected with SARS-CoV-2. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome is a new definition for patients with persistent symptoms and prolonged complications beyond 4 weeks of acute COVID-19. In this report, we present two cases of prolonged dyspnea and reduced effort capacity for 4 and 5 months, respectively. A 29-year-old male and 40-year-old female patients, found to be positive in rRT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2, had recurrent admission to the emergency department after having treated for COVID-19. Both of the patients were followed for 6 months. Although all potential cardiovascular, pulmonary and other system pathologies were ruled out, the prolonged dyspnea and reduced effort capacity started to improve after 4 months in the female and 5 months in the male patients. The patients were diagnosed with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. It should be kept in mind that the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome may be a complication in patients with persistent symptoms after COVID-19.


Using the data from Urban Statistical Year book of China,choosing Chinese provincial capitals as cases,this article analyzes functional structure characteristics of Chinese provincial capitals from functional structure cluster,functional structure phases,and functional structure benefits,and the following conclusions are obtained:①among Chinese provincial capitals,the status of manufacture and construction is still very high,and the status of science,education,culture,sanitation,administration,finance and real-estate should be further intensified. ②The ratio between the tertiary industry and the secondary industry keeps the stable rising trend for 84.62% provincial capitals,and this ratio for only 15.38% provincial capitals show the higher fluctuation including Changchun,Haikou,Xi'an and Xining. ③The total change trend of functional structure benefits for provincial capitals becomes better. The high-benefit-type cities increase and the low-benefit-type cities decrease. Analyzed the trend types,the rank of city percentage of rising type is the second,and the rank of city percentage of declining type is the last one,which also prove this conclusion.


A mobile terminal and a method for controlling Tx power are provided to lower the possibility of communication disconnection in a situation that a wireless communication environment is easy to change. A mobile terminal comprises a Tx power control part(106), a target value updating part(107), and a measurement control part(105). The Tx power control part measures the SIR(Signal to Interference Power ration) of an Rx signal, received from a base station, compares the measured SIR with the target value of the SIR, and controls the Tx power of the base station according to a comparison result. The target value updating part measures the BLER(Block Error Rate) of the Rx signal and updates the target value according to the measured BLER. The measurement control part acquires the moving state of the mobile terminal, and controls the measurement interval length of the BLER and the update cycle of the target value on the basis of the acquired moving state.


We present two cases of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). Patient 1, an 86-year-old male, presented with a 3-month history of an enlarging facial lesion associated with a gradua...


Paging activity can be a major factor in determining whether a software workload will run on a given computer system. A program's paging behavior is difficult to predict because it depends not only on the workload processed by the program, but also on the level of storage contention of the processor. A program's fault rate function relates storage allocation to the page fault rate experienced while processing a given workload. Thus, with the workload defined, the fault rate function can be used to see how the program's storage allocation is affected by varying levels of storage contention, represented by varying fault rates. This paper presents a technique to represent program workloads and estimate the fault rate function, and describes how these results can be used in analyzing program performance.


Purpose: Although liver resection is the primary curative therapy for patients with colorectal hepatic metastases, most patients have a recurrence. Identification of molecular markers that predict patients at highest risk for recurrence may help to target further therapy. Experimental Design: Array-based comparative genomic hybridization was used to investigate the association of DNA copy number alterations with outcome in patients with colorectal liver metastasis resected with curative intent. DNA from 50 liver metastases was labeled and hybridized onto an array consisting of 2,463 bacterial artificial chromosome clones covering the entire genome. The total fraction of genome altered (FGA) in the metastases and the patient's clinical risk score (CRS) were calculated to identify independent prognostic factors for survival. Results: An average of 30 ± 14% of the genome was altered in the liver metastases (14% gained and 16% lost). As expected, a lower CRS was an independent predictor of overall survival (P = 0.03). In addition, a high FGA also was an independent predictor of survival (P = 0.01). The median survival time in patients with a low CRS (score 0-2) and a high (≥20%) FGA was 38 months compared with 18 months in patients with a low CRS and a low FGA. Supervised analyses, using Prediction Analysis of Microarrays and Significance Analysis of Microarrays, identified a set of clones, predominantly located on chromosomes 7 and 20, which best predicted survival. Conclusions: Both FGA and CRS are independent predictors of survival in patients with resected hepatic colorectal cancer metastases. The greater the FGA, the more likely the patient is to survive.


Highly supercooled liquids with soft-core potentials are studied via molecular-dynamics simulations in two and three dimensions in quiescent and sheared conditions. We may define bonds between neighboring particle pairs unambiguously owing to the sharpness of the first peak of the pair correlation functions. Upon structural rearrangements, they break collectively in the form of clusters whose sizes grow with lowering the temperature T. The bond lifetime ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{b},$ which depends on $T$ and the shear rate $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, is on the order of the usual structural or $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ relaxation time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ in weak shear $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}\ensuremath{\ll}1,$ while it decreases as $1/\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ in strong shear $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}\ensuremath{\gg}1$ due to shear-induced cage breakage. Accumulated broken bonds in a time interval $(\ensuremath{\sim}0.05{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{b})$ closely resemble the critical fluctuations of Ising spin systems. For example, their structure factor is well fitted to the Ornstein-Zernike form, which yields the correlation length $\ensuremath{\xi}$ representing the maximum size of the clusters composed of broken bonds. We also find a dynamical scaling relation, ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{b}\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\xi}}^{z},$ valid for any T and $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ with $z=4$ in two dimensions and $z=2$ in three dimensions. The viscosity is of order ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{b}$ for any T and $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}},$ so marked shear-thinning behavior emerges. The shear stress is close to a limiting stress in a wide shear region. We also examine motion of tagged particles in shear in three dimensions. The diffusion constant is found to be of order ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{b}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\nu}}$ with $\ensuremath{\nu}=0.75\ensuremath{\sim}0.8$ for any T and $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}},$ so it is much enhanced in strong shear compared with its value at zero shear. This indicates a breakdown of the Einstein-Stokes relation in accord with experiments. Some possible experiments are also proposed.


Responding to climate change requires multi-faceted and long-term public action, particularly in the administrative sphere. The centrality of statutory construction in climate change administrative law adjudication reflects this fact. This article is a study of how statutory construction arguments are figuring in these cases in common law jurisdictions. Arguments relate to direct and indirect climate change legislative provisions and legislative obligations concerning environmental assessment. A study of these different arguments underscores how climate change is giving rise to complex legal questions – a legal reality often overlooked in discourses about these cases as forms of strategic litigation. That legal reality points to the need to foster administrative law expertise in relation to both statutes and climate change. Such fostering requires the evolution of legal imagination.


We have carried out powder x-ray diffraction and dielectric studies on the lead free solid solution (1−x)SrTiO3-xBi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 [(1−x)ST-xBZT] with x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.50 to explore the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Analysis of the powder x-ray diffraction data reveals the cubic structure (space group Pm3m) of (1−x)ST-xBZT for the composition with x ≤ 0.20, at room temperature as well as at low temperature. Highly tetragonal BZT fails to introduce any tetragonality when alloyed with ST. The solid solubility is limited to x < 0.20 and for higher BZT concentrations impurity phases start appearing. The ferroelectric and dielectric characterization of (1−x)ST-xBZT solid solution shows that all the compositions are paraelectric. The implications of the absence of tetragonal distortion in (1−x)ST-xBZT solid solution is discussed in connection with recently investigated other solid solutions based on BZT.


An iterative algorithm is developed to estimate global coefficients and local coeffi-cients in MGWR.First independent variables are classified two groups,Groupagin which variables are global associated with global coefficients and Groupbgin which variables are lo-cal associated with local coefficients.Second assuming thatagis known,coefficients ofbgiscalibrated by using the basic GWR.Third ordinary linear regression(OLR) is used to esti-mated coefficients ofag.Material formulations of two types of coefficients and computational progress are also produced,and further tested by using average prices of house blocks in Shanghai.The experiment proves that all formulations of coefficients are available,and com-parison of the two models by Akaike information criteria value shows MGWR is more appro-priate and stable for the local coefficients estimates than BGWR although it requires a greater computational effort.


Another BDP drilling experiment was carried out in the winter of 1999 at 52°05′23′′N— 105°50′24′′ E, under 201 m of water, on the slope of the Posol'sk Bank, a submerged bottom rise in South Baikal. The ∼350 m core spanning 1.2–1.3 myr is composed of alternating diatomaceous mud and glacial clays. Diatom stratigraphy and paleomagnetic data show a ca. 200 kyr deposition gap at 134 m, though the core contains the complete Brunhes chron of direct polarity (0–780 kyr). This unconformity, discovered for the first time in the Baikal cores, is direct evidence for tectonic activity in the Selenga region between 0.820 and 1.0 myr, during the uplift of the Primorsky Ridge inferred from land data. The diatom record in the core correlates well with the marine oxygen isotope stratigraphy and indicates climate-driven variations in diatom production. High-resolution pollen records spanning an interval from 0 to 130 kyr provide a clue to climate change in the Baikal region and Transbaikalia. Correlation of the BDP core and seismic profiling data allows age referencing of the seismoacoustic units and reflections which can be extrapolated onto a large area of the Posol'sk Bank and the shallow-water region near the Selenga Delta. The obtained results shed light on the Pleistocene climate history in the region and the geological history of the Baikal rift. Deep drilling, Lake Baikal, bottom sediments, lithology, sedimentation, seismic profiles, paleoclimate, paleomagnetism, deposition gap, diatom and pollen stratigraphy


The use of precipitated metallic antimony, in a state of finest division, was devised by Plimmer for the treatment of trypanosomiasis, and the results of his and other experiments with this substance have been published.* After a long series of experiments on subcutaneous and intramuscular injections of this form of antimony suspended in water, oily media, egg yolk, etc., all of which caused great irritation, he found that it was possible to inject it intravenously with safety, and without causing any irritation of the tissues. A large number of animals were cured of trypanosomiasis by this means, and in May, 1910, Major W. B. Fry gave a dose intravenously to a late case of Kala Azar, thus demonstrating that it could also be used safely in this manner on human beings. Captain R. J. C. Thompson, R.A.M.C., gave this preparation by intravenous injection to the cases first admitted to the Yei Sleeping Sickness Camp between January and March, 1911. Eighty-one injections were given to 38 cases, but pressure of administrative work prevented these cases being fully treated and investigated, and they were all transferred to atoxyl treatment. Captain Thompson states that from a clinical standpoint some of these cases showed great improvement. Later 1 had the honour of being appointed to the Sudan Sleeping Sickness Commission for work at Yei in the Lado Enclave, and since October, 1911, I have collected a series of cases treated by metallic antimony alone and in conjunction with other drugs. This report is consequently only preliminary ; but it demonstrates that antimony in this form is a safe drug to employ in the treatment of sleeping sickness, if used with reasonable precautions, and that the results obtained so far certainly call for extended use and further investigation. During the past year 76 newly admitted cases have been treated with antimony, alone and combined with salvarsan and atoxyl, and shorter courses of antimony have been given to 143 old cases previously treated with atoxyl,


General practices in England scored significantly lower in the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) in 2013-14, reflecting tougher achievement thresholds and, perhaps, a growing fatigue with this particular incentive scheme.

The framework sets a series of targets for general practice, which if achieved each earns points that count towards the practice's income. QOF's aim was to improve the quality of general practice by rewarding GPs for delivering services according to an agreed checklist. In 2012-13 practices achieved 96.7% of the maximum possible points, but this fell in 2013-14 to 92.4%, show figures published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre.1

The number of practices that maximised their income by achieving 100% …


First French public cultural and tourist operator with 8.6 million visitors per year in its 96 monuments, the CMN has a fully consistant approach in favor of regional economic development. The CMN is a tool of national solidarity: tourists (mostly foreigners) of the most popular monuments allow remote and less renowned monuments to be opened to visitors tours, contributing to the development of economically disadvantaged locations.


The Ti-RAR reagent {a mixture of titanium(IV) and 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol} was found to be very useful for the spectrophotometric determination of traces of hydrogen peroxide in methanol-water solution. The absorbances at 520 nm was proportional to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in (6090) % methanol-water when [PAR]/[Ti(IV)]=3/4 and 2 M NH3-NH4Cl buffer was added. The method was applicable to the determination of hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range of 3×10-7 M to 5× 10-5 M with a molar absorptivity of 3.6×104 cm-1 M-1. The use of methanol made it possible to apply the method to the biological and food samples in proteinic emulsion.


The traditional business model of the daily newspaper is being challenged by an increasing number of free daily newspapers worldwide. The traditional model relies on the circulation sales and advertising revenue streams and an extensive circulation system to homes and newstands (Picard & Brody, 1998) The free distribution papers have reject this model and created a one that relies only on advertising income and establishes free distribution in and around metropolitan public transportation systems.


The article discusses basic issues related to Polish anthroponomastic terms, their development and frequency, taking into account the variability of terminological units and the co-existence of native and foreign forms (usually Greek or Latin). It presents problems related to defining a term, determining its scope or (in particular cases) status, indicating preferred, permissible or non-recommend- ed variant forms, selection (reduction) of sub-terms, the existence of doublets with a grammatical number, acceptance or rejection of new terms, etc. In the text, among others, the following sources were used: the dictionary "Osnoven sistem i terminologija na slovenskata onomastika" ["Basic system and terminology of Slavic onomastics"] (1983), an article by Mieczyslaw Karaś "W sprawie polskiej terminologii onomastycznej" ["On Polish onomastic terminology"] (1968), studies by Henryk Gornowicz (1988) and Ewa Jakus-Borkowa (1987), encyclopedia "Polskie nazwy wlasne" ["Polish proper names"] (1998), the compendium "Slowianska onomastyka" ["Slavic onomastics"] (2002–2003) and selected articles published in the journal "Onomastica".The second part of the article presents the history, scope and definitions of the term ethnonym // ethnic name (based on selected compendia, monographs and contributory studies), paying atten- tion to the types of names it covers. In addition, a preliminary structure of an entry in the terminological dictionary has been outlined, including such elements as: the term, its definition, variability // equivalent term, origin // explanation, its English equivalent, examples // usage, context of use, and additional aspects.


Abstract Using a version of the treadmill theory, modified to take into account supply control measures, the welfare impacts of technological change are considered. The analysis concentrates on the long run and begins by considering the appropriate interpretation of producer surplus at the firm level. The welfare effects are considered in a variety of situations: with price support alone, with price support and quotas, and when quotas are traded. It is concluded that, with tradeable quotas, producers who are cautious about the adoption of new technology are offered the opportunity of retaining the existing technology without having to accept a reduction in welfare.


Modern trends in tourism show the increasing role that sustainability has on this industry. Sustainable development is integral to the concept of national parks forming a new kind of tourism which is increasingly becoming the future of all forms of business. The overall goal of sustainable development (SD) is the longterm stability of the economy and environment, which can be achievable through the integration and acknowledgement of economic, environmental, and social concerns throughout the decision making process. In this paper we will show that the protected areas from the point of view of sustainability are moderators of development design in the areas in which they are located. National parks of Montenegro, with their diversity of potentials, can fully meet the contemporary requirements of world tourism and, in the long term, take position as a world destination by applying the concept of sustainable development.


Chapter discussing the development of competition policy on abuse of dominance in the UK within the constraints imposed by EU law and making policy recommendations for the shaping of effective competition rules in a European and international context.


To understand the experiences of educators during the 2020 extended school closures, we interviewed 40 teachers from across the country in public, charter, and private schools, at different grade levels and in different subject areas. Teachers articulated three main concerns about emergency remote schooling: (a) student motivation, (b) professional loss and burnout, and (c) exacerbated inequities. As the climate emergency makes school disruptions more common, school systems must learn from the tragic school closings under COVID-19 to prepare for an uncertain future. We propose five design considerations to build school systems with greater resilience for the long-term: center equity, focus on relationship-building, address student motivation, address staff motivation and burnout, and mitigate uncertainty.


With the wide installation of inverter-based resources (IBR) in power system, the provision of frequency and voltage support becomes a must-be for these IBRs in order to maintain a stable operation. The grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following-IBRs present different characteristics on the system support. In order to properly evaluate the IBR supporting capability in terms of the frequency and voltage stability, this paper proposes an index system considering the power density and energy density in a multiple time scales. A modified IEEE 39 bus system built in DIGSILENT platform serves to verify the effectiveness of the proposed index system and to prove that the GFM-IBR has better performances than the GFL-IBR from various aspects.


Prior research has produced mixed results regarding the usefulness of interactivity in multimedia learning. In this study, participants learned to solve part of a Rubik's Cube using either a tutorial with interactive features or a passive (video-based) tutorial. Participants with low spatial ability benefited more from interactivity than those with high ability, though no performance main effects were found between the tutorials. Targeted use of interactivity could be effective in engaging students and helping them learn.


Monte Carlo calculations of secondary electron emission from Cs3Sb have been made for primary electron energies in the range 0.6–10 eV. All parameters in the model were determined by analysis of independent photoelectric emission experiments. Good agreement is obtained between calculated and measured secondary emission yields. Structure in the measured yield related to the threshold for electron pair production also shows up in the calculations. The results indicate that the semiclassical three‐step model for photoelectric emission (excitation, scattering, and escape) also provides an accurate description of secondary electron emission.


Background:There are no data on lower urinary tract function during postoperative thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA). Because selected segmental blockade can be achieved with epidural analgesia, we hypothesized that lower urinary tract function remains unchanged during TEA within segments T4–T11 after open renal surgery. Methods:In a prospective, open, observational, follow-up study, 13 male patients with no preexisting lower urinary tract symptoms (International Prostate Symptom Score ≤7) and postvoid residual less than 100 ml underwent urodynamic investigations the day before open renal surgery (lumbotomy) and 2–3 days postoperatively during TEA. Primary outcome was the difference in postvoid residual before versus after surgery during TEA. Results:The median postvoid residual increased from 25 ml before surgery (range, 0–95) to 420 ml (15–1020) 2–3 days postoperatively (P = 0.002). Maximum detrusor pressure, detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate, and maximum flow rate were significantly reduced during TEA (37 [28–84] to 27 cm H2O [13–51], P = 0.004; 31 [27–52] to 19 cm H2O [0–33], P = 0.003; and 14 [4–35] to 4 ml/s [0–13], P = 0.001), respectively. Bladder capacity and sensation were not changed during TEA. All patients had a postvoid residual determined by ultrasound of less than 100 ml 1 day after removal of the epidural catheter. Conclusions:In contrast to our initial hypothesis, detrusor activity was significantly impaired during TEA after open renal surgery. This resulted in clinically relevant postvoid residuals.


This study is focused on evaluating the factors affecting the performance of fiber-reinforced subgrade under cyclic loading. To achieve the objectives of this study, a series of dynamic triaxial (DT) tests was performed, and the following parameters, such as resilient modulus (MR), number of loading cycles (N), cyclic stress (CS), resilient strain (RS), and stress-strain hysteresis response of both the reinforced and unreinforced subgrades were evaluated. Subsequently, a series of scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests was conducted to track the fiber-soil interfacial bonding after the completion of DT test. The results indicated that N and CS triggered an appreciable decrease in MR with significantly high RS deformation for the unreinforced subgrade. However, reversed responses were noted upon the inclusion of sisal fiber due to fiber-soil adhesion and a high ductility response was portrayed by the reinforced subgrades. A reversed response was significant upon 0.25% and 0.5% fiber inclusion, beyond which the CS resistance slightly decreased. The stress-strain hysteresis loop was observed to increase as the axial strain increased proportionally with an increase in fiber contents, thus causing a significant increase in energy absorption in specimens. The SEM micrograph showed tightly knitted fiber-soil adhesion after the DT test. This study indicated that the reinforced subgrade sustained the CS, N, and improved energy absorption capacity, and MRupon fiber inclusion. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-015 Full Text: PDF


The basic idea of quantum mechanics is that the property of any system can be in a state of superposition of various possibilities (or eigen states). This state of superposition is also known as wave function and it evolves linearly with time in a deterministic way in accordance with the Schrodinger equation. However, when a measurement is carried out on the system to determine the value of that property (say position), the system instantaneously transforms to one of the eigen states and thus we get only a single value as outcome of the measurement. Quantum measurement problem seeks to find the cause and exact mechanism governing this transformation. In an attempt to solve the above problem, in this paper, we will first define what the wave function represents in real world and will identify the root cause behind the stochastic nature of events. Then, we will develop a model to explain the mechanism of collapse of the quantum mechanical wave function in response to a measurement. In the process of development of model, we will explain Schrodinger cat paradox and will show how Born's rule for probability becomes a natural consequence of measurement process.


By using a new Hamiltonian of interaction we have calculated the interaction energy for two-dimensional and three-dimensional lattices. We present also, approximate analytical formulae and the analytical formulae for the constant of the elastic force. The obtained results show that in the three-dimensional space, the two-dimensional lattice has the lattice constant and the cohesive energy which are smaller than that of the three-dimensional lattice. For appropriate values of the coupling constants, the two-dimensional lattice in a two-dimensional space has both the lattice constant and the cohesive energy, larger than that of the two-dimensional lattice in a three-dimensional space; this means that if there is a two-dimensional space in the Universe, this should be thinner than the three-dimensional space, while the interaction forces should be stronger. On the other hand, if the coupling constant in the two-dimensional lattice in the two-dimensional space is close to zero, the cohesive energy should be comparable with the cohesive energy from three-dimensional space but this two-dimensional space does not emit but absorbs radiation.


This study aims to analyze the influence of Leadership Style, Motivation and Work Discipline on the Performance of Government Apparatuses in Cicendo District, Bandung City. This study involved 63 Cicendo District government officials, Bandung City, and all of them became respondents using a multiple linear regression analysis model. The results of this study indicate that Leadership Style, Motivation and Work Discipline simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on the performance of Cicendo District Government Apparatuses, Bandung City. While partially it was found that the leadership style factor had the most dominant significant influence on the performance of the Cicendo District Government Apparatus, Bandung City.


Abstract : The present stage of theoretical and experimental study relating the application of the 'Anomalous Thermoelectric Effect' to the measurement of high stress is presented. In this connection, the theories are discussed with the result that there is no known physical reason for the gage itself to behave in a nonanalog manner. However, the deviations from this analog behavior in the experimental data are interpreted on the basis of an electrical interaction between the gage elements and their encapsulating matrix. (Author)


The present study was undertaken to compare the effects of Melatonin 3 mg, Pregabalin 75 mg and Alprozolam 0.5 mg as premedicant drugs for reduction in perioperative anxiety and post operative pain, assessment of level of sedation. 150 patients of ASA grade I and II, between 20 50 years, of either sex, undergoing laparoscopic surgery were divided into 3 groups of 50 patients each. Baseline anxiety level and level after 1hr of drug was assessed. Also postoperative anxiety at different intervals was assessed. Similarly postoperative pain and level of sedation at different intervals was assessed. Patients in group M were highly sedated as compared to group P and group A at all intervals and the difference was statistically significant. All the three groups were comparable regarding postoperative pain, perioperative anxiety and side effects at all intervals and the difference was statistically insignificant at all intervals.


The overall aim of the thesis is to study the effects of preventive and rehabilitative interventions for employees at work despite pain at predominantly female workplaces, and further development of analysis methods. The study had two intervention groups and two non-randomised reference groups. Hospital cleaners and home-helps were selected as intervention and reference groups for the empirical studies. In the first three studies the subjects were women with pain problems. In the last two studies only hospital cleaners were involved, but the selection was broadened to include everyone employed at the workplaces at the time. The hospital cleaners' intervention programme comprised occupational organisational measures, competence development, physical and psychosocial working environmental and rehabilitation measures on both an individual and a group basis. The home-help's programme comprised a 2-week stay at an orthopaedic rehabilitation unit, training of supervisors, massage by colleagues, purchase of training equipment and stress management. The intervention lasted 12 months for the hospital cleaners and 8 months for the home-helps. A classical model for quasiexperimental design was used in the first three studies. In the last two studies, statistical control was applied as a complement. In Study I, all four groups experienced substantial lowering in quality of life related to the three dimensions: bodily pain, general health perception and vitality. No effects of the intervention were demonstrated. In the hospital cleaners intervention group, the introduction of new cleaning materials and methods seemed to contribute to a reduction in workload, allowing them to take more rest breaks during working time (Study II). In the home-helps intervention group, a reduction both in workload and in more responsible tasks were shown, together with reduced psychosomatic stress reactions. Study III showed a very high prevalence of rotator cuff myalgia/tendinitis, myalgia/tendinitis of the dorsal neck and relatively high prevalence of myalgia/tendinitis in hip muscles. Neurogenic pain was rare. No fibromyalgia syndrome was found. Limited effects were shown on the pain outcome measures. After the intervention, more intervention than reference group subjects had an improved clinical picture. In Study IV a simple comparison did not demonstrate differences, but the intervention produced a difference in total absenteeism in the younger age group when a number of covariates were included. Those with previously high sickness absence reduced their total absence most. The interchangeability of shortterm sickness absence and short-term leave was reduced. The intervention was shown to contribute to preventing an increase in sickness absence costs at the company level (Study V). The two models of analysis gave approximately the same monetary outcome. An integrated model showed that the intervention had a greater net effect on the younger group, with a number of significant interactions. The pay-back time for the younger group was just under one year, but with a very wide spread. These particular interventions gave only moderate outcomes. The validity of the intervention effects is discussed, together with the importance of matching the intervention measures to the needs at the workplaces.


Freud imagined the human animal as originating in an autistic, isolated phase and moving to a more mature phase of relations to others. In his second-to-last book, Mitchell (2014) reversed the equation. "Human minds are fundamentally social phenomena," he wrote, "that become focalized and secondarily elaborated by individuals" (p. xii). He used the word relationality throughout this book and even crowned the book with that title. This turning of the adjective relational into the abstract noun relationality is a telling feature of the relational movement in the new millennium. Fairburn's (1952) famous, tentative notion that "libido is object seeking" (p. 78) has turned into an all-encompassing credo. We don't just behave in relation to others: The world we live in is suffused with the quality of such relating. Relationality, as with Freud's reality, is the very condition of being human, our initial and forever state of nature, what we get to when the veils fall from our eyes. This is a gigantic shift from the disengaged stance favored by post-enlightenment thinkers from Descartes to Darwin to Freud, philosophers who offered, as Nagel (1986) put it, "a view from nowhere." For most contemporary psychoanalysts, Freud's vaunted reality and our emotional transactions with those closest to us can never be fully disambiguated, hence the need for a new word that describes both conditions simultaneously. The idea that the theater of operations in psychoanalysis is constituted by two mutually influencing minds, as opposed to one mind observed by a neutral cognitive apparatus, has become not just acceptable, but axiomatic. It was not always so. Kohut and Sullivan, who tilled the soil from opposite ends of the field, developed their ideas in exile from mainstream institutes. Mitchell, Ghent, and Bass started Psychoanalytic Dialogues as a way to disseminate relational ideas considered too heretical for mainstream publications. Psychoanalytic Dialogues is currently the most widely read psychoanalytic journal in the field, and it is hard now to find a reputable author in the psychoanalytic world who still cleaves to a one-person psychology (a problem confronted by the editor of this issue as he sought a counter view). How did this vastly changed state of affairs come to be? As clinicians, we often pose the question, "Why now?" We know that the present moment has twists and turns behind it, more meaningful as historical elaboration than as an isolated point in time. This issue of Psychoanalytic Inquiry sets its query in the 1980s to get at the sources of the relational movement, essentially asking, "Why then?" But just as the "why now" question inevitably invokes the past in a new way, the "why then" question inevitably brings forth the present in a new way. Our ruminations are imbued with what we know now, and we cannot help but put together an origin story of our current state of affairs. The authors of these articles each looks to a different facet of the past to understand the sources of the relational movement, and each at the same time sketches a here-and-now portrait of the current state of psychoanalysis. Tony Bass provides an orienting overview to this issue with his distinction between small r relational, referring to all the multifarious contributions to the idea from sociology, politics and adjacent psychoanalytic theories, and large R relational, referring to the big-bang movement inaugurated by Stephen Mitchell and Greenberg in New York in the early 1980s. Bob Stolorow sees his early interest in affectivity as a portal to a relational world. Freud viewed affects as derivatives of drives, which he understood to be sequestered inside a person. Drives seek objects but exist prior to objects. Stolorow and his wife Daphne became convinced that affects are primary motivators, a realization that led to a paradigm shift. Because affects cannot be separated


The results of X-ray and thermodynamic analysis of the phase formation in the system Zr-YO, which is the starting material for the formation of yttrium-stabilized ceramic zirconia. Found that the material is multiphase and contains monoclinic, cubic and tetragonal zirconia weight ratios which vary considerably.


Owing to its location at low latitude area, abundant heat and light, various climate types and site conditions, dry-hot valleys in Yunnan are rich in plant species including woody biodiesel species. Based on a thorough analysis on regional climate, soil and flora in dry-hot valleys, the potential of industrial exploitation of woody biodiesel species in the dry-hot valleys was elucidated which will provide scientific foundation for making Yunnan a key woody biodiesel producer in China.


We report a 53-year-old female who was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the lung and failed to respond to 2 lines chemotherapy. She developed oliguric acute renal failure within 1 week. A renal sonography disclosed bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. She underwent a bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy with external drainage, and her renal function recovered within 3 days. The most common primary sites of cancers causing ureteral obstruction are the cervix, prostate, bladder and colo-rectum. To our knowledge, few case reports of ureteral obstruction attributable to lung cancer have been published. With the current improvements in lung cancer management, survival time has been significantly prolonged and unusual presentations or complications of lung cancer are becoming more common than before. Physicians should be aware that hydronephrosis could complicate the course of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.


In this paper,the authors explore marital violence and psychosocial risk factors of urban migrant population and then provide scientific theory evidence for preventive psychological intervention in them.


The exploration of oil and gas in the petroliferous Assam-Arakan Basin has been continuing for several decades. Gravity and magnetic (GM) data play an important role in the exploration, planning and integrated geophysical data interpretation. Poor quality and sparse seismic data arising from tectonic complexities and rugged terrain, particularly in the vicinity of the Schupen Belt area, confuse the interpreter in estimating proper sediment thickness and identifying the Basement marker in this thrust belt. Because of limitations of seismic imaging, the GM data can provide some meaningful information for interpreting the basement topography in the shelf as well as in the Schupen Belt region. The objective of this study is to develop the prospect of thick Gondwana sediments through gravity modeling from the existing GM and seismic data in the Schupen Belt region and an explanation of high magnetic intensity, considering that ophiolite may be the cause of the tremendous magnetic high in the Schupen Belt area. The highly deformed slices of ophiolitic rocks can be seen along a linear belt and parallel to the Schupen Belt axis in Nagaland and Manipur states of NE India, which are known as the Naga Hills Ophiolites (NHO). The principal rock types include dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, wehrlite, pyroxenite and mafic volcanics. An ophiolite is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted or emplaced to be exposed within continental crustal rocks. The intrusion of ophiolite cannot be ignored as easily as the Schupen Belt which is a thrust fold area and has evolved due to numerous thrusts developed from collision of the Indian Plate and Burmese Plate. Two types of gravity modelling are integrated with the available seismic data: 1) The conventional approach that basement is rising up, and 2) a new approach that the basement is moving down into the Schuppen Belt area, which is discussed here. The second approach suggests the presence of thick Gondwana sediments of 5 to 8 km in the Schupen Belt region, which may give rise to hydrocarbon potential in the area. Geological Framework of Assam-Arakan Basin The Upper Assam foreland basin is situated in the far northeast of India, within the curve of the Assam Syntaxis which is a major orocline in the Himalayan Orogenic Belt. The Assam geological province reflects three distinct tectonic phases. The earliest was Late Cretaceous to Eocene block faulting and development of a southeasterly dipping shelf (Figure 1 and Figure 2). During the second phase, in Oligocene time, uplift and erosion occurred north of the Brahamaputra River, and many basement faults were reactivated with many basement-controlled structures becoming prominent. Oligocene uplift and erosion were followed by extensive late Miocene through Pliocene alluvial deposition. The resultant sedimentary column is as much as 7,000 m thick. The thickest section is along the Naga Thrust Fault and in the Dhansiri Valley where it is greater than 4,500 m. The thinnest section lies along the axis of the central basement ridge, where it is less than 2,000 m thick. Geologically the Assam-Arakan Basin is divisible into eastern Himalayas in the north, Mishmi Massif in the Northeast, Naga Hills in the southeast, Shillong and Mikkir massifs in the southwest, upper Assam Valley in the center and the Tripura-Manipur geosynclinal fold belt in the south (Figure 2). Each of these units has its characteristic features. Between the two hills, eastern Himalayas and Naga Hills, lies the upper Assam Valley occupied by the Brahmaputra River and its tributaries. The Upper Assam Valley, at present, represents an intermountain platform basin developed between the eastern Himalayas and Naga Hills. The basin has thrust margins on three sides, the Naga Hills Thrust Belt and Manipur Ophiolite Belt are on the south, the Main Frontal Thrust of the Himalayas, which was active from the Middle Miocene to present-day, bends around the Assam Syntaxis on the north and east. The basement of northeast India comprises various Gondwanide fragments, mainly Peninsular India (Indian Craton) and in the West Burma Block, with the Lhasa and Sibumasu Blocks framing the regional picture. The depth of the basement and sedimentary sequences along the Naga Thrust in the shelf area is shown in Figure 3. GM Data Interpretation The Bouguer anomaly map of Assam Valley shows many interesting and peculiar features (Figure 4a). In the Upper Assam Valley, roughly between the Brahmaputra River and the Naga-Patkai Hills, sediment thickness increases towards the southeast (Naga Thrust), and the gravity anomaly, instead of showing corresponding lowering, actually increases by 10 mGals. However, further southeast, beyond the Naga Thrust, the Bouguer anomaly increases abruptly and continues to rise in the area where data is limited, although sediment thickness is expected to increase significantly beyond the Naga Thrust. In the Dhansiri Valley area the Bouguer anomaly also becomes more and more negative from the eastern margin of the Mikir Hills to the Naga Thrust, mostly due to increase of sediment thickness. Significant positive magnetic anomaly and progressive increase of Bouguer anomaly implies that the area has been involved in basement folding, i.e. basement has been pushed up by tectonic deformation. With this idea, gravity modelling along seismic Profile AA' (Figure 4a and Figure 5), which is passes through the well URM-2, has been carried out taking into consideration a drilled basement depth of 4320 m and the line is extended towards the Naga Hills and the Mikir Hills based on the gravity values only, where increase of gravity anomaly has been explained by raising the metamorphic basement. But this approach shows basement has to be modelled as shallow as 1.5-2.0 km deep, which is unrealistic (Figure 7) Therefore, the presence of very thick volcanic type material, which has a density around 3.0 gms/cc and is also highly magnetic, is presumed which will satisfactorily explain both the gravity and magnetic anomaly pattern of the area. A model with this concept is prepared which shows presence of thick igneous material (ophiolite?) underneath the sediment (Figure 6). Implication of this model is that the folding has involved and moved up the oceanic basement (ophiolite?) in this area. Similarly, this approach of gravity modeling was carried out for Profile BB' (Figure 8 and Figure 9) and Profile CC' (Figure 10 and Figure 11). In both cases, basement is going down, as evident from the seismic section, thereby increasing sediment thicknesses near the Naga Thrust, whereas the gravity is going up which suggest that if we have to account for the raising gravity accompanied by the high magnetic anomaly in the Schupen Belt region then we have to construct this type of model which would satisfy the data. This approach of intrusion of high magnetic material may be linked to the thrust-fold feature of the Schuppen Belt area of the Arakan Basin and related to the subduction of the Indian Plate under the Burmese Plate and presence of volcanic rocks in the Naga Hills (Figure 12). Conclusion The model discussed here, where sediment thickness increases below the Naga Thrust, contradicts the conventional approach that the sediment thickness decreases and the basement is moving up in the Schuppen Belt region. So, many scientific studies are required to arrive at a consensus of the basement behavior in the Schupen Belt region. Gravity data points in the Schuppen Belt area are sparse, hence for better analysis it is recommended that the whole area be surveyed in a close grid of GM and magneto-tellurics along with field geological inputs. Seismic data with reasonable shot hole depth of 30-40 m, particularly in the foothills, would also provide useful information for imaging the Basement. This is a major task before the exploration community to validate the model and explain the high nature of magnetic anomaly in the Schuppen Belt area. Acknowledgements The author is highly grateful for permission from Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited, India to present and publish this paper, and to Mr. D. Sar GGM (Geophysics) KDMIPE, ONGC, India for his valuable guidance and encouragement at every stage of this paper. References Dutta, S., and S.M. Chatterjee, 1998, Optimization of spread configuration for seismic data acquisition through numerical modeling in tectonically complex areas: a case study from Badarpur Anticline, Cachar, India: Jour. Appl. Geophysics, v. 40, p. 8205-8222. Eswariah, K., P.K. Das, A. Dhar, R.L. Basak, R. Mohanta, Ganga Shyam, and B. Singh O.S. Ramakrishna, 2004, An Integrated Approach For Value Addition Acquiring Better Seismic Data in Virgin Area through Model, Studies and Field Experimentation: A Case Study from Cachar Belt of Assam: 6th Conference & Exposition on Petroleum Geophysical, India, p. 273-279. Gravity Map Series of India, 2006, A collaborative Project of National Geophysical Research Institute, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited, Oil India Limited, and Survey of India Ltd. Navakumar, K.H., and D. Saha, 2009, Processing and interpretation of gravity and Magnetic data of deep water blocks of AD-2, AD3, and AD-9 of Myanmar: An internal report of KDMIPE, ONGC, India. Saha, D., C.S. Bahuguna, J.N. Prabhakarudu , and C.L. Baloni, 2008, Significance of Gravity and Magnetic data over Thurst-Fold area A Case Study in the Cachar area of Surma sub-basin of Assam Arakan Basin, Assam, India: 8th SPG Conference proceedings, Hyderabad, India. Sawai, Sanjeev, and D. Sar, 2006, Analysis Of Gravity Data for estimating thickness of Gondwana sediments in Dhansiri valley of Upper Assam of Assam-Arakan Basin: 6th SPG Conference proceedings, Calcutta, India. Sengupta, S., S.K. Acharyya, H.J. Van Den Hul, and B. Chattopadyay, 1989, Geochemistry of volcanic rocks from the Naga Hills Ophiolites, northeast India and their inferred tectonic setti


The evaluation of university teachers' competency should draw on the experiences of the advanced technology in industrial management,take post analysis,competency features model,simulated tests and vague comprehensive evaluation to give scientific evaluation for university teachers' knowledge,techniques,ability and features.


The southern early-B star HD 166540 is shown to be a probable β Cephei star with principal pulsation period 0.23299 days. Additional periods are probably present. According to its colors in the Geneva photometric system, this star is significantly hotter than the classical β Cephei stars. We remark that all recently discovered β Cephei stars with galactocentric distances significantly smaller than that of the sun are fairly blue, and suggest that the locus of the instability strip may depend on metallicity


Larvae of Ctenicera destructor Brown bit spots treated with C18 unsaturated fatty acids more often than those treated with other lipids or related substances. They also bit spots treated with 5% solutions of these substances more often than those treated with 1% solutions. The relatively high response recorded for triolein-treated spots may have reflected a metabolic requirement for oleic acid. When spots were treated with mixtures of fatty acids, the larvae bit most frequently those treated with palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids. These observations support the hypothesis that a phagostimulatory response by insects is not dependent upon the presence of any single substance.


Hexagonal phase nanoparticles of NaYF4:Yb,Er and NaYF4:Yb,Tm (∼8.5 ± 0.8 nm) were synthesized. Significant enhancements of upconversion fluorescence were observed after coating with an undoped NaYF4 shell (core/shell ∼ 11.1 ± 1.5 nm). The hydrophobic core/shell nanoparticles were rendered hydrophilic by a subsequent amphiphilic coating of PAA. These nanostructures have great potentials as bio-probes.


Using the principles of the scholarship of teaching and learning, we evaluated 2 learning strategies to determine if they could improve student exam performance in general psychology. After the second of 3 exams, we gave students the option of participating in a specific learning activity and assessed its impact using the third exam. In Study 1, participating students generated a minimum of 3 questions per week over course material. Lower performing students who participated improved their exam performance such that they were indistinguishable from stronger students who did not participate. In Study 2, students had the option of generating concept maps over course material. Generating concept maps significantly improved performance.


Cloud computing is a rapid growing domain and more users are attracted towards utility computing, better and fast service needs to be provided. For better management of available resources, good load balancing techniques are required. In this paper, load balancing model divides the public cloud into several cloud partitions using switch mechanism. The improved round robin algorithm and game theory concept is used to maintain load and provide better strategies through efficient job scheduling and resource allocation techniques as well.


1 Institution of Argo-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China 2 College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China + These authors contributed to the paper equally. *Corresponding author, Jianzhong Zhou, Institution of Argo-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China, Tel: +86-25-84391571, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Controlling the size and shape of iron oxide nanoparticles is essential in their prospective industrial application, such as nanopatterned magnetic storage media. A possibility to synthesize magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles from inexpensive and non-toxic iron chloride and sodium oleate is the thermal decomposition reaction. By systematic variation of the reaction conditions monodisperse particles of different sizes and morphology can be prepared.


Data from Earth observation satellites for close monitoring of both natural and man-made rapidly changing events is continuously increasing. Services for e.g. disaster monitoring, crisis management, border surveillance, but also traffic control and environmental protection require the ability to respond quickly and effectively to unforeseen events. The Institute of Astronautics (LRT) at Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM) has analyzed concepts and developed technologies with the scope to allow continuous, long duration real-time Earth observation. This is achieved by interactively teleoperating a satellite in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) via geostationary Data Relay Satellite (DRS). Utilizing one DRS, acquisition times can be extended to approximately 50 minutes every orbit while ground station passes are limited to about 10 minutes, roughly twice a day. Even though DRS services are already frequently available for communication between ground stations and are occasionally used by satellites for payload data transmission, civilian low latency real-time controlled systems utilizing this service have not been deployed yet. This paper discusses potential applications and new possibilities of long duration real-time Earth observation w.r.t. top level requirements and their impact on the real-time communication chain. To evaluate the feasibility and quality of real-time Earth observation via DRS, all scenarios are compared with the performance achievable using ground station networks. The impact of the communication architecture on the Quality of Service is analyzed by stochastically evaluating the System Response Time of different exemplary scenarios.


State-of-the-art learning based boundary detection methods require extensive training data. Since labelling object boundaries is one of the most expensive types of annotations, there is a need to relax the requirement to carefully annotate images to make both the training more affordable and to extend the amount of training data. In this paper we propose a technique to generate weakly supervised annotations and show that bounding box annotations alone suffice to reach high-quality object boundaries without using any object-specific boundary annotations. With the proposed weak supervision techniques we achieve the top performance on the object boundary detection task, outperforming by a large margin the current fully supervised state-of-theart methods.


Changes in the globally integrated angular momentum of the atmosphere from 1983 to 1987 were computed from Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center wind analyses and compared to astronomically measured changes in length of day obtained from the U.S. Naval Observatory. In agreement with previous studies, the two time series are highly coherent and in phase at periods ranging from 40 days up to the longest periods that are resolved by the data. By examining the contribution to the global atmospheric angular momentum from the tropical and extratropical regions separately, it is found that fluctuations in the Earth's angular momentum and length of day at subseasonal periods of 50–100 days are dominated by wind changes in the tropics.


The death of seven Chinese migrants in a fire in Prato, Italy sparked debate on the productive regime of the Chinese migrants in Italian industrial districts (IDs). This paper addresses the issue of Chinese entrepreneurship in IDs by highlighting the structural factors at work and their interaction with Chinese migrants' agency. It shows that the Chinese migrants' working regime is the result of the legal regimes of Italy, the degrees at which regulations are enforced by authorities or left as a threat but not enforced, demands for labour originating from China, changing structures of production, demand and distribution of textiles and clothing, globally. To do so, the analysis in this paper brings together topics usually separated out as migration studies, labour studies, urban studies and the global value chain debate. The paper documents the radical reconfiguration of space taking place through the complementary use of intra-firm stasis and inter-firm mobility in the Chinese workshops and argues that it contributes to shape a unique productive regime. Thus, a new dimension is added to the different forms of migrant employment. It further highlights the link between the downscaling of the industrial district of Prato and the contestation of Chinese migrants' entrepreneurship.


The second part of this study examines the role of finance within the mission of religious institutes in South Africa during the early missionary years (1837-1920). After an overview illustrating the importance of religious institutes in the church's mission in this context, the author goes on to examine the sources of finance tapped by the various orders and congregations. These included the institutes'own resources in Europe together with help from family and friends. In the local situation missionaries were able to support themselves through living off the land and by charging for the services they provided in their own institutions. They were also creative in finding ways to raise money within the settler society in which they worked. However many endured considerable financial hardships when they were unsuccessful in obtaining sufficient to meet their needs. The article concludes by investigating the symbolic role of money within the culture of religious life and the points of contradiction between a society searching for financial success and people who explicity denied its power by the vows they took and the lifestyle they led and yet used the resource just as successfully in achieving their goals.