THERE seems to be a fundamental inconsistency in the currently accepted opinions concerning the classical economists. We have been brought up on the belief that their main concern is to show that the equilibrium process of the free market will lead to a more efficient allocation of resources among different industries than state interference.' On the other hand, we have been frequently told that the classical analysis is vitiated by the Labour theory which conceives the economic problem as the struggle of man to transform resources given by nature into material wealth. It has been said that the classical economists confuse the " economic problem," which consists in the choice between alternative methods of using given resources to maximise the satisfaction of given consumers' wants, with the " technical problem " of physical productivity; and that consequently they are guilty of a " materialist bias " (Cf., Robbins, Nature and Significance of Economic Science, chs. 1-3). These two opinions are held simultaneously and implicitly by many economists and it will be seen that they are inconsistent with each other. The first credits the classical economists with an essentially correct, if rather rough, solution of the problem of allocating scarce resources which, according to the second, they understand only imperfectly. This inconsistency is fundamental, for the two opinions attribute to the classical economists two entirely different outlooks on the nature of the central economic problem. When we say that the central problem of the classical economists is to allocate resources efficiently among different industries, we imply (i) that they start from the assumption of a given quantity of resources and (ii) that they are mainly concerned with the maximisation of consumers' wants as expressed by their market demands for different commodities. In short we attribute to them what is known as the " scarcity " concept of the economic problem. The efficiency of the allocation of resources among competing uses cannot be judged except on the assumption of a given quantity of scarce resources and in terms of quantities of consumers' satisfaction. On the other hand, the Labour theory suggests an entirely different outlook on the economic problem. It starts from a fundamental


Platinum catalysts are frequently used in catalytic converters in cars and also in oil refineries. The catalysts' active sites are subject to deactivation through poisoning by sulfur (or sulfur oxides), which are common impurities in fuels. These active sites are thought to be defects, such as step or kink sites, which are omnipresent on the surface of the highly dispersed catalyst nanoparticles. Adsorbed sulfur modifies the electronic properties of the catalyst surface, which leads to a decrease of chemical and catalytic activity. The key step to regain catalyst activity is the removal of the sulfur atoms from the catalyst surface, for example by exposing it to molecular oxygen, thereby oxidizing the adsorbed sulfur, and then removing the resulting SOx species from the surface. The mechanism, the chemical nature of the intermediates formed, and the specific role of defects in this process are unknown for the most part. This lack of insight is exists, because the relevant information can be obtained directly only by in situ methods, which allow a quantitative determination of the surface species or intermediates on the timescale of seconds. However, up to now there have been only very few studies for the direct measurement of kinetic parameters such as activation energies. In most cases kinetic parameters are determined by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), where only the desorbing species are detected. Since important reaction intermediates can thereby easily be missed, the correct determination of kinetic parameters can be hampered. Herein we present the first in situ study of sulfur oxidation on a model catalyst surface, namely stepped Pt(355). We have clearly identified the steps as active sites and determined the activation energy directly. The Pt(355) surface has (111) terraces five atom rows wide, and monatomic steps with (111) orientation. The role of the steps is elucidated by comparison to data obtained on a flat Pt(111) surface. Using synchrotron radiation, we were able to measure high-resolution XP spectra in situ during adsorption and while heating the sample with short measuring times. Owing to the high resolution, different surface species could be identified and analyzed quantitatively and site selectively in a time-dependent fashion, also for very low adsorbate coverages. This enabled us to investigate the oxidation of small amounts of sulfur with oxygen present on the surface in large excess, which simplifies the kinetic analysis and makes it possible to determine the activation energy of the rate-determining step. The information on sulfur oxidation is rather limited in the literature. Early TPD studies on Pt(111) yielded no information on surface intermediates, and consequently only an apparent activation energy was derived. Theoretical calculations indicate that at the oxygen saturation limit S is oxidized to SOx (x = 1–4) and the total energy increases with x, but no information on the activation energy of the ratelimiting step is available. Furthermore, there are a number of studies on the adsorption of SO2 on Pt surfaces, which serve as reference for the identification of reaction intermediates and partial reaction steps in the present study. 11,21–23] The thermal evolution of a layer of coadsorbed sulfur and oxygen on Pt(355) provides a first overview of the relevant reaction steps. Figure 1a shows a series of S 2p spectra recorded before and after dosing of molecular oxygen at 250 K onto Pt(355) precovered with 0.020 monolayers (ML) of sulfur, and during subsequent heating of the coadsorbate layer. The spectrum in black (sulfur layer prior to exposure to oxygen) shows the S 2p3/2 and S 2p1/2 signals at 162.0 and 163.2 eV, respectively, with an intensity ratio of 2:1. As this ratio and the peak separation of these signals are identical for all sulfur species, only the stronger 2p3/2 signal will be discussed. The value of 162.0 eV is typical of S adsorbed at step sites on Pt(355). The spectrum in orange, which was recorded after saturation of the surface with oxygen, shows the S 2p3/2 peak at 162.2 eV, which is typical for S at terrace sites. The clearly discernable shift of 0.2 eV indicates that the S atoms were pushed away from the step to terrace sites by the O atoms, similar to a recent observation for the coadsorption of sulfur and carbon monoxide on Pt(355). When the sample is heated, the S 2p spectra in Figure 1a change dramatically. To visualize the thermal evolution more clearly, we have also plotted the data in a color-coded density plot in Figure 1b. For the quantitative analysis shown in Figure 1d, the spectra were fitted, with the energetic separation of the S 2p1/2 and 2p3/2 peaks fixed at 1.2 eVand their ratio set at 1:2 (see the Experimental Section). In Figure 1c a [*] R. Streber, Dr. C. Papp, M. P. A. Lorenz, Dr. A. Bayer, Prof. Dr. H.-P. Steinr ck Lehrstuhl f r Physikalische Chemie II Universit t Erlangen-N rnberg Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen (Germany) Fax: (+ 49)1931-852-8867 E-mail: email@example.com and Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center (ECRC) Universit t Erlangen-N rnberg Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen (Germany)


by C.M. 19931B:17 Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, N-5024 Bergen, Norway Bjprn Totland and OIe Arve Misund As a help in stock assessment of pelagic, schooling fish a software for detection of schools and quantification of their size and swimming behaviour by a high resolution sonar has been developed. The system reads the echo telegrams that forms the display of the SIMRAD SA950 sonar, and organize an echo table for the colour code value of each pixel for each of the 32 beams and 512 range rings of the sonar for each ping. The settings of the sonar is written to aseparate table. Detection of schools is based on identification of echo lines which are defined as a minimum number of succeeding pixels with colour code value above a predetermined threshold. The position in the beam sector and horizontal extent for each echo line detected is written to a separate echo line table. A procedure then search through this table for identification of echo blocks which are defined as adjacent echo lines that extend above a certain width. The horizontal extent, depth, and geographie position of echo blocks are written to an echo block table together with information on time and vessel navigation. If an echo block is detected in a minimum number of succeeding pings, it is assigned a school International Council for the Exploration of the Sea COMPUTERBASED DETECTION OF SCHOOLS FOR COUNTING, QUANTIFICATION OF SIZE AND SWIMMING BEHAVIOR BY THE SIMRAD SA950 SONAR I. ,


As the current revolution in communication is underway, quantum teleportation can increase the level of security in quantum communication applications. In this paper, we present a quantum teleportation procedure that capable to teleport either accelerated or non-accelerated information through different quantum channels. These quantum channels are based on accelerated multi-qubit states, where each qubit of each of these channels represents a partner. Namely, these states are the W state, Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state, and the GHZ-like state. Here, we show that the fidelity of teleporting accelerated information is higher than the fidelity of teleporting non-accelerated information, both through a quantum channel that is based on accelerated state. Also, the comparison among the performance of these three channels shows that the degree of fidelity depends on type of the used channel, type of the measurement, and value of the acceleration. The result of comparison concludes that teleporting information through channel that is based on the GHZ state is more robust than teleporting information through channels that are based on the other two states. For future work, the proposed procedure can be generalized later to achieve communication through a wider quantum network.


Potassium is well recognized as the essential plant nutrient with the strongest influence on many quality parameters of fruits and vegetables (Usherwood, 1985). Although K is not a constituent of any functional molecules or plant structures, it is involved in numerous biochemical and physiological processes vital to plant growth, yield, and quality (Marschner, 1995). Adequate K nutrition has been associated with increased yields, fruit size, increased soluble solids and ascorbic acid concentrations, improved fruit color, increased shelf life, and shipping quality of many horticultural crops (Lester et al., 2005, 2006; Geraldson, 1985). Uptake of K from the soil solution depends on plant factors, including genetics (Rengel et al., 2008). In many species, uptake occurs mainly during the vegetative stages when root growth is not inhibited by carbohydrate availability. Competition for photoassimilates between developing fruits and vegetative organs during reproductive growth stages can limit root growth/activity and K uptake. Increasing soil K fertilization may not be enough to alleviate this developmentally-induced deficiency partly because of reduced root growth/activity during reproductive development and also because of competition from other cations for binding sites on roots (Marschner, 1995). Previous greenhouse studies have shown that supplementing soil K supply with foliar K applications during the fruit development period can improve fruit quality and that differences may exist among K compounds for foliar feeding (Lester et al., 2005, 2006). The objectives of this multiyear field study were to determine whether mid-to-late season foliar K applications during the fruit development and maturation stages can ameliorate the developmentally-induced K deficiency thereby improving muskmelon fruit quality, and to determine whether differences exist among potential K salts for foliar feeding.


Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) concentration is a marker of pulmonary inflammation. It is usually measured at a single exhalation flow rate. However, measuring exhaled NO at multiple flow rates allows assessment of the flow‐independent NO parameters: alveolar NO concentration, bronchial NO flux, bronchial wall NO concentration, and bronchial diffusing capacity of NO. Our aim was to determine the flow‐independent NO parameters in healthy schoolchildren and to compare two different mathematical approaches. Exhaled NO was measured at four flow rates (10, 50, 100, and 200 ml/sec) in 253 schoolchildren (7–13 years old). Flow‐independent NO parameters were calculated with linear method (flows ≥50 ml/sec) and non‐linear method (all flows). Sixty‐six children (32 boys and 34 girls) with normal spirometry and no history or present symptoms of asthma, allergy, atopy or other diseases were included in the analysis. Median bronchial NO flux was 0.4 nl/sec (mean ± SD: 0.5 ± 0.3 nl/sec) and median alveolar NO concentration was 1.9 ppb (2.0 ± 0.8 ppb) with the linear method. Bronchial NO flux correlated positively with height (r = 0.423; P < 0.001), FEV1 (r = 0.358; P = 0.003), and FVC (r = 0.359; P = 0.003). With the non‐linear method, median bronchial wall NO concentration was 49.6 ppb (68.0 ± 53.3 ppb) and bronchial diffusing capacity of NO was 10.0 pl/sec/ppb (11.8 ± 7.5 pl/sec/ppb). The non‐linear method gave lower alveolar NO concentration (1.4 [1.5 ± 0.7] ppb, P < 0.001) and higher bronchial NO flux (0.5 [0.6 ± 0.3] nl/sec, P < 0.001) than the linear method, but the results were highly correlated between the two methods (r = 0.854 and r = 0.971, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the multiple flow rate method is feasible in children but different mathematical methods give slightly different results. Reference values in healthy children are of value when applying bronchial and alveolar NO parameters in the diagnostics and follow‐up of inflammatory lung diseases. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1242–1248. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The identification and evaluation of the variables that influence performance have been essential to obtain excellence in sport.

 The aim of this study was to identify which parameters have the most influence on the 50 meters freestyle time, in young competitive swimmers.

 One hundred and eighty-four high-level swimmers (males, n=92: 14.60±0.56 years; females, n=92: 13.53 ± 0.54 years) with 468±66 FINA points in the 50 meters freestyle in short course participated in this study. Age, height, body mass, wingspan, stroke rate, stroke length, stroke index, turning time (5 m + 10 m), horizontal jumping, and medicine ball throwing were assessed. The swimming performance was assessed in a 50 meters freestyle time-trial at maximum speed in a 25 meters swimming pool. A multiple regression was performed to assess the relationship between one dependent variable (50 meters freestyle time) and independent variables.

 The results showed differences between both genders. In male swimmers, only the turning time and the horizontal jump were significant (r2=0.8819; p<0.001), whilst the females, besides the same variables, presented the height, body mass, stroke length and stroke index (r2=0.9013; p<0.01).

 In conclusion, in young male swimmers, the turning time and the horizontal jump contributed significantly to the 50 meters freestyle swimming performance, and in young female swimmers, the main contributors were the turning time, horizontal jump, height, body mass, stroke length and stroke index.


For several decades, international law has recognized certain norms such as the prohibitions against genocide, slavery, and military aggression as "jus cogens" - peremptory law which supersedes conflicting international treaties and customs. Despite widespread acceptance of the jus cogens concept, legal theorists continue to debate whether peremptory norms derive their legal authority from state consent, natural law, or the demands of international public order. Anxiety over peremptory norms' legal basis has frustrated efforts to clarify the scope and content of jus cogens, as well as placing peremptory norms on a collision course with inherited notions of state sovereignty. Drawing on Immanuel Kant's conception of fiduciary relations, this Article develops a new theory of jus cogens based on the idea that states are fiduciaries of their people. According to the fiduciary theory, peremptory norms do not stand in opposition to state sovereignty; rather, they are constitutive of state sovereign authority because all states owe their subjects a fiduciary obligation to comply with such norms. The fiduciary model of the state resolves the longstanding tension in international legal theory between peremptory norms and state sovereignty and points to discrete formal and substantive criteria for identifying peremptory norms.


The present study reports the effect of alcohol administration on the expression of alpha andmu-class of cytosolicGST in rat liver.Onemonth old Wistar strain rats were divided into two groups i.e., control, and alcohol group. Control group received basal diet and water and alcohol group received basal diet and 10%alcohol for 2months. Liver was dissected and processed for various biochemical analysis like Western blots, Northern blot, HPLC, IHC and LC-ESI-MS. In alcohol fed group, rGSTM2 protein level was found to be upregulated as evidenced by western blot and HPLC analysis. Increased rGSTA1 and rGSTM2 immunoreactivity in perivenous area was observed compared to controls. In addition, LC-ESIMS analysis showed an 8 fold increase in rGSTM2 subunit. Differential induction and modification of alpha and mu class rGST subunit and its impaired function may contribute to the progression of alcohol-induced liver damage.


In a network providing DHCP service,illegal DHCP servers will interfere with the legal DHCP servers and affect the normal work of network.This paper presents the working process of DHCP service and analyzes the harm caused by illegal DHCP servers.To avoid the harm,the author proposes some precautionary measures on how to disable illegal DHCP servers from DHCP Service.


A number of values inform people's decisions on how to spell their language. Sometimes these values conflict. For example, some may hold strongly to the value that a language should be spelled according to its sound system, while others prioritize the value that their language should be spelled as much as possible like the national language. Both values have been instrumental in shaping the orthography used in West Coast (WC) Bajau [bdr], spoken on the west coast of Sabah, Malaysia. In 2004, a Bajau orthography workshop was held in Kota Kinabalu, involving some 30 WC Bajau leaders and educators. The decisions reached at this workshop have formed the basis of the current WC Bajau orthography. With the publication of the Bajau Sama – Malay – English Basic Dictionary last year (2017), more people are being exposed to the spelling system than perhaps ever before.  In the present paper, some of the key features of the WC Bajau orthography will be discussed. These include: the representation of the glottal stop; the representation of the pepet vowel; the use of semivowels ('y' and 'w') vs vowels ('i' and 'u') in vowel glides; and the representation of long vowels. We shall consider how the Malay sound system and orthography have influenced the development of the WC Bajau orthography. We shall also examine how the WC Bajau orthography differs from the spelling systems used in other Sama Bajau languages such as Mapun, Central Sama, and Southern Sama, languages which are much more influenced by Filipino/Tagalog than Malay since they are spoken mostly in the Philippines.

Keywords: orthography, West Coast Bajau, Mapun, Central Sama, Southern Sama


The present study estimates crop diversification in the Karbi Anglong district, Assam, North East India, as well as the cost and returns from shifting cultivation in the hilly areas, along with policy measures for maintaining their sustainability in the long run. The study comprised both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected from four blocks of the Karbi Anglong district of Assam. Two villages from each block were selected based on the intensive shifting practices, and 10 respondents from each village were selected randomly, making a total sample of 80 respondents. The average crop diversification in the region was greater than 0.8, indicating that the region is highly rich in diversity. The variable cost mainly consisted of hired human labour and seeds, of which labour cost was highest for cultivation because shifting cultivation is labour-intensive. Though the returns over total cost and variable cost for different crop mixes showed positive outcomes, it was necessary to recommend a policy to reduce human labour costs in hilly regions. So, a policy has been recommended to make small farm machinery (smaller than power tillers) readily available to farmers for cultivation in hilly regions. This will help reduce the human labour cost, thereby increasing the net returns of the farming community and distribution of higher-yielding seeding materials among them. This would enhance their income, so farmers in the study region must be encouraged to increase the extent of crop diversification.


The quality assurance of valerian (Balchur), a traditional herbal drug of global importance mainly used for nervous disorders, was studied. At global, regional, national and local levels the end users of this drug face the problems of adulteration. Two different botanical sources are commercially marketed in the Indo-Pak subcontinent under the same trade name of Balchur belonging to two different families. One is Valeriana wallichii DC. belonging to the family Valeriniaceae and another source is Acorus calamus L. belonging to Araceae. In this study, a commercially available drug sample of valerian is authenticated by using basic and advanced chemotaxonomic techniques. Authentication, quality and standardization of this drug related to its originality was achieved using physicochemical markers, TLC fingerprinting, UV and IR analyses, SEM of natural fingerprints (pollen) and anatomical parameters. This study will contribute towards the global recognition and international acceptance of valerian-like herbal drug.


The goals of our study were to assess the population history and genetic structure of the widespread bat Hipposideros armiger, and to evaluate the effect of palaeoclimatic changes and dispersal patterns on this species.


This paper summarized the experiences on reform of practice and experiment teaching,and indicated the reform direction of practical teaching,combining with the educational goal of student and the construction of speciality.


Keloids are formed due to abnormal hyperplasia of the skin connective tissue. We explored the relationship between N6‐methyladenosine (m6A)‐related genes and keloids. The transcriptomic datasets (GSE44270 and GSE185309) of keloid and normal skin tissues samples were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We constructed the m6A landscape and verified the corresponding genes using immunohistochemistry. We extracted hub genes for unsupervised clustering analysis using protein–protein interaction (PPI) network; gene ontology enrichment analysis was performed to determine the biological processes or functions affected by the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We performed immune infiltration analysis to determine the relationship between keloids and the immune microenvironment using single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis and CIBERSORT. Differential expression of several m6A genes was observed between the two groups; insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) was significantly upregulated in keloid patients. PPI analysis elucidated six genes with significant differences between the two keloid sample groups. Enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in cell division, proliferation, and metabolism. Moreover, significant differences in immunity‐related pathways were observed. Therefore, the results of this study will provide a reference for the elucidation of the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of keloids.


with the collaboration of Alan Gelfand. Taking part were 35 invited participants from 10 countries. The workshop focussed on "Model building and model interpretation for Highly Structured Stochastic Systems"; that is, how to use substantive knowledge about the eld of application to construct good statistical models to represent particular aspects of interest, and how inferences about the model are transferred back to the real world and interpreted with respect to the eld of application. A wide range of domains of application were covered during the talks: epidemiology, clinical science, pharmacology and health monitoring, genetics (in terms of pedigree analysis and DNA evolution), ecology (both for animal dynamics and plant growth), industrial and queuing networks, archeology, with emphasis on classiication, image and expert systems, dynamic systems, with econometric and environmental applications. The emphasis was on general lessons to be learnt from model building in these areas and cross-fertilisation between the diierent areas. Subthemes running throughout the workshop were robustness, alternative approaches to complexity and reduction of computational complexity. The format was a combination of one-hour invited talks on speciic topics, half-hour contributed talks, and after-dinner discussion groups. A lot of time was devoted to discussions, which were lively and stimulated interactions between participants from diierent backgrounds. Very positive feedback was expressed after the workshop by all the participants. Several collaborations were started during the workshop, which it is hoped to continue during the closing phase of the network, and the beginning of the continuing programme which is being proposed for the future. The transmission of Hib (Haemophilus innuenzae type b bacteria) in a family is modelled by a continuous time Markov process. The individual states in the process are S (susceptible) and C (asymptomatic carrier). The model parameters include within and outside family infection rates and rates of loosing carriage. Individuals are divided into two age groups. The model is tted to two data sets: (i) data set I records individual infection states among members of 97 Finnish families at the time when carriage state in a child had led into a serious infection and one year thereafter, (ii) data set II records individual infection states among members of 111 British families with a small child when the child was six, nine and twelve months of age. Due to selection, the prevalence in the families of data set I is very high compared to the normal situation in population which is …


Radar engineers and operators measure the radar return of a given target from a given angle in terms of its Radar Cross Section (RCS), from which they can detect and completely identify that target as its type, direction, and speed. The RCS of a target may have a huge value from one angle and at the same time has a very small value from another angle. So the challenge is to reduce the RCS of any target from as many angles as possible. There are three main ways to going about reducing RCS for any target: absorbing radar waves (skin material), reflecting radar waves that cancel themselves out (skin thickness, "depth" of internal components), and reflecting radar away from its origin (target shape on the design stage, or by covering the target using a cover reflecting radar waves away from its origin at any detection angle). Depending on the last technique and by using a RCS simulation software, we were able to design and fabricate a cover for the military targets which will be able to reduce the RCS of these targets at any angle by minimizing the reflected radar waves towards its antenna by an average value of -15 dB which mean a very good camouflage to these targets. Finally both radar and mechanical measurements results for this cover proves that the practical use of this cover has a wide range in the military application by using this cover in reducing the RCS of the military targets.


This paper illuminates the potential of diversely embodied sporting cultures to challenge ableism, the ideology of ability. Ableism constructs the able body as conditional to a life worth living, thus devaluing all those perceived as 'dis'-abled. This hegemonic ideology develops into a 'logic of practice' through a cultural appropriation of body's lived complexity, by reducing it to symbolic dichotomies (able/disabled). The path to challenge ableism is then to restore body's complexity, by turning attention toward its lived embodied existence. Drawing upon an ethnographic study of a sitting volleyball (SV) community, we condense multiple data sources into a sensuous creative non-fiction vignette to translate the physical embodied culture of the sport. In exploring SV physicality through the ethnographic vignette, it is our intention to activate the readers' own embodiment when interpreting and co-creating this text. By placing the reader in the lived reality of playing SV, we hope that the potential of this physical culture to destabilize engrained ableist premises becomes apparent. Ultimately, our goal is to promote a shift from ableism towards an appreciation and celebration of differently able bodies. This cultural shift is crucial for long lasting social empowerment for people with disabilities.


The collapse of Ynys-y-Gwas Bridge in the UK is reviewed. The review shows how ingress of chloride into partially grouted ducts and anchorages had caused serious corrosion for tendons. Then a numerical system reliability analysis is carried out to check the limit state function for bending moment. The results shows how the availability of monitoring data from corrosion rate could help the bridge owners to predict the time of the collapse before it happens.


Abstract An intensive meteorological study of summer precipitation in the Chicago area during 1976–78 furnished detailed data needed to perform a study of the impacts of rain on selected transportation-related activities and on certain utility services. Degree of effect on these activities was studied on a rain day versus non-rain day basis and further on a land use basis to help infer changes in impacts due to urban-influenced increases in rain occurrences, rainfall amounts and storm activity. Added rain resulted in over 100% more vehicle accidents, particularly in the urban area, but the accident severity associated with rain was greater in the rural areas. Rainfall decreased ridership of mass transit systems by 3–5% and apparently this was disproportionately due to midday discretionary riders such as shoppers. Little relationship of rain to pleasure boat emergencies was found but more rain decreased usage of pleasure boats. The number of delays in flight departures from O'Hare Airport was highly relate...


Spin–bath relaxation times τ of cerium ethylsulphate (CeES) immersed in liquid helium have been measured at magnetic fields up to 6 kOe. The electronic spin system of CeES has been heated by pulsed...


An epidemic model where disease transmission can occur either through global contacts or through local, nearest neighbor interactions is considered. The classical SIR–model describing the global interactions is extended by adding additional equations for the density of local pairs in different epidemic states. A locality parameter p ∈ [0, 1] characterizes the probability of global or local infections. The equilibria of the resulting model are analyzed in dependence of the locality parameter and the transmission rate of the pathogen. An explicit expression for the reproduction number in terms of the locality parameter and the disease parameters is obtained. Transient simulations confirm these findings. Neighboring pairs of one infected and one susceptible can be considered as active pairs, since local transmission of the disease can only occur in that situation. Our analysis shows, that the fraction of active pairs is minimal for intermediate values of the locality parameter.


The paper presents a research into the memories of the famous Russian translator, writer, and musicologist Roman Maksimovich Tsebrikov (1763–1817). In his memoirs about a journey taken from Petersburg to Kharkov in the winter of 1813–1814 Tsebrikov created the image of an ideal bureaucrat colliding the Russian reality at the beginning of the 19th century.


An overview of the signal modeling systematic uncertainties in the top quark measurements at the Tevatron is given. We discuss approaches developed by the D0 and CDF collaborations for the estimation of these systematic uncertainties. Uncertainties related to the initial and final state radiation, higher order corrections, choice of the hadronization model, color reconnection and choice of the parton distribution functions set are considered in this contribution.


In the preface to the fifth edition of Becoming a Teacher, Colin Marsh reminds us that teachers need to have passion, energy and a commitment to enhance students' learning. This most recent edition certainly provides examples of the author's wide ranging knowledge and depth of insights that reflect his own commitment to inspirational and dedicated teaching practice. The fifth edition shares those characteristics which made previous editions so worthwhile. Most notable is the subtle but significant dual theme of Marsh's narrative. That is, first, teaching is a vehicle for increasing the life opportunities of students, and second, teaching is profession that requires continual commitment and critical reflection. These are very important messages for any course that develops teaching methodology. Becoming a Teacher continues to be structured in five readable sections, however the 2010 edition has some exciting new features that warrant the attention of teacher educators and their pre-service students.


We consider molecular dynamics simulations to study a polymerlike liquid meniscus between two parallel plates moving at constant opposite velocities. We investigate contact line motion versus the speed of the solid and the shapes of the liquid interface for several liquid/solid interaction amplitudes. The associated wetting dynamics are studied in detail.


Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) is a parameter that reflects the general welfare of a region. GRDP data can be used to analyze the progress of the economic development of a region in a certain period. The objectives of this research are: 1) To examine the sectors which are the basis for the economic development of Tegal Regency based on the 2016-2021 GRDP; 2) To assess the leading sectors that contribute to the economic development of Tegal Regency based on the 2016-2021 GRDP. The basic sector is the sector that exports its products outside the region. The leading sector is the basic sector whose product growth rate exceeds the growth rate of the same sector in its upper-level region. The research method used in this study is descriptive quantitative which examines GRDP data with Location Quotient Analysis and Dynamic Location Quotient Analysis. The results of the study show that there are 3 leading sectors that contribute to the economic growth of Tegal Regency, namely the Mining and Quarrying sector; sector of Provision of Accommodation and Food and Drink; and the Other Services sector. From the results of the mapping of the leading sectors, it is necessary to formulate a development planning strategy by giving high priority to these three sectors. However, since the total contribution of the three sectors is very small, for the initial stage, the development planning strategy can be focused on the Food and Drink Provision sub-sector.
Keywords: Basic Sector, Location Quotient, Dynamic Location Quotient, Tegal


A B S T R A C T Two distinct types of regeneration, rhizogenesis and embryogenesis, were observed as alternative morphogenetic events in wild carrot cell suspensions. Petiole-derived callus, grown on high-auxin media lacking reduced nitrogen, was dispersed, passed through sieves, and the 45-75-Mi fraction was used to inoculate low-auxin liquid media. After 2-3 weeks adventitious roots developed from endogenous primordia within large cell clumps. In contrast, liquid cultures inoculated with the same fraction, or with the fraction that passed a 45 ji pore sieve, from callus grown on media containing reduced nitrogen yielded enormous numbers of embryos. Globular proembryos were recognizable within several days of inoculation as bud-like outgrowths from relatively few-celled proembryogenic masses. The ontogeny of embryos from cultured cells has been compared to the ontogeny of the carrot seed embryo.: These new data are discussed in the light of previous regenerative work with carrot cell cultures, current theories of causal aspects of embryogenesis in vitro, and current concepts of the forces controlling embryo development. IN A previous short report the general features and implications of embryogenesis in tissue cultures of the wild carrot, Daucus carota, were discussed (Halperin and Wetherell, 1965a). In this paper histological details are given concerning both embryogenesis and an alternative regenerative process, rhizogenesis, which occur in wild carrot cell suspensions. Studies of regenerative phenomena in cell cultures of both domestic and wild carrot, by Steward and his co-workers, have involved different methods and led to somewhat different conclusions (Steward, Mapes, and Mears, 1958; Steward et al., 1964). The essential similSrities and differences in experimental findings are discussed in this paper in the light of new data presented. No other detailed studies of embryogenesis in tissue cultures have been reported, although several brief reports concerning the occurrence of embryos in cultured tissue from a variety of species attest to the fact that studies of this type may soon be feasible with species other than carrot. MATERIALS AND METHODS-Explants used to start cultures consisted of surface-sterilized segments cut from petioles of rosette stage wild carrots raised in the greenhouse. Explants and derived cultures were grown on semi-solid or liquid media containing inorganic salts, with the exception of nitrogen and iron, as published by Lin and Staba (1961). Nitrogen was supplied in various forms as specified for each experiment. Iron EDTA was prepared as specified by Mura


Engineered Cementitious Composites are relatively new high strength materials capable of achieving superior mechanical properties as opposed to conventional concrete. Not only do they serve a structural purpose but they can also be applied in the field of ballistic protection of structures while ensuring structural integrity. These properties are due to the components of the concrete mix by adding fibres to the concrete matrix which improves tensile strength, ductility and energy absorption. Research in this field is limited and therefore it is necessary to further develop the properties of this concrete design so that it may be utilised as a standard construction material and for ballistic protection. The aim of this research is to develop a new ECC mix with high tensile strength and ultimate tensile strain, and to investigate the material properties required for low-speed impact resistance capability of the new material.


In the title compound, C17H14N2O2, the hydroxyethanimine group adopts an antiperiplanar conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming zigzag chains running along the c axis.


Airplane boarding is a time-consuming procedure due to a number of factors. First of all, passengers cannot pass each other in the aisles, but also stress is experienced in finding the seat or the space to store hand luggage and some passengers repack their luggage in the aisle. To reduce boarding time and improve the overall boarding experience a light guiding hand luggage system (GHL-System) was developed within the PASSME project. Due to the GHL passengers in the airplane see a light in the overhead bin which will shine more bright coming closer. This GHL-system did reduce stress levels while boarding and indicated a time saving of 3-4 minutes on a Boeing 737-800 flight with 189 passengers. Indicating a personal luggage spot located near the passenger seat might solve the problem of passengers not being able to find their space. Further research is needed on actual flight conditions to prove the effect of this system.


The principal difficulties in directly imaging extremely faint objects in orbit about nearby stars stem not from the sensitivity or collecting area of telescopes, but rather from the fact that the central star's light drowns out the signal of the faint companion. We have conducted extensive simulations of very high-order adaptive optics (AO) systems with coronagraphic imagers on relatively small telescopes. High-order AO and optimized coronagraphs enable small (< 4m) telescopes to play a critical role in the burgeoning effort to image exoplanets. The key to understanding the benefits of outfitting a 2 to 4m telescope with extremely high-order AO systems lies in the nature of the AO correction. An AO system with Nact actuators projected across the linear diameter, D, of the telescope's pupil can correct the point spread function (PSF) of a star on the optical axis within the angle qAO = Nact l/2D. For a system with Nact = 10, the AO system corrects the PSF within 5l/D, or five times the diffraction limit. As N act is increased, successively improved suppression of the seeing halo results, opening a large, as yet unexplored, part of the mass-separation parameter space relevant to faint companion science. For example, an optimized coronagraph behind a 941 element (Nact = 34) AO system on a 3.6m telescope is capable of detecting objects >14 magnitudes fainter than the central star at separations between 0.2 and 1.5 arcsec in the Hband. Such a system will also solve or quantify many of the problems that exoplanet imaging projects must face in the near future.


The use of plant-derived compounds in medicine arouses more and more interest. Most plants contain numerous active ingredients that may have therapeutic effects on the human body. For many years, herbs have been used as medicinal agents. However, it is necessary to learn about the chemical content of the plant as well as how they work on the human body.The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of preparations containing plant extracts and the assessment of respondents' knowledge about plant resources with medicinal properties.The study group consisted of people who visited the Rehabilitation Department in Lublin. Respondents voluntarily filled out the questionnaire consisting of 21 questions. 33 persons were examined in total.More than 77% of those who participated in the study have ever applied preparations of plant origin. More than half rated their level of knowledge about medicinal plants as small. Respondents gained knowledge about data on herbs and herbal supplements from several sources. None of the respondents considers preparations containing plant extracts as fully safe for the body and no one would use it without consulting a doctor first. The majority of respondents (over 63%) rated the effectiveness of the plant-derived compounds as good. Over 90% of respondents noticed positive effects of the use of plant supplements. Most respondents did not use compounds of plant origin which might slow down the body's aging process or improve memory and concentration. However, more than half of the respondents applied preparations containing sedative plant extracts.As seen in the studies and the discussion above, the prevalence of the use of plant-derived compounds among respondents is relatively large. Respondents do not have sufficient knowledge of these substances. Almost all respondents notice the positive impact of plant compounds on the body. There is a need for educational campaigns among society to enrich the knowledge on the use of herbal medicine and its side effects in details.


1. Introduction. 2. Understanding Internationalization. 3. Running Internationalized Software. 4. Developing International Software. 5. Special Programming Topics. 6. Localizing Internationalized Software. 7. Creating a New Language Environment. Appendix A: Internationalization Routines and Commands. Appendix B: Obsolete Routines and Interfaces (HP-Specific). Appendix C: HP-UX Languages and Codesets. Glossary. Index.


Wind energy presents an invariable character and needs storage systems in order to eliminate the problems which may occur at grid integration. A storage method suitable especially in high power application is pump storage. The purpose of this paper is the study of an autonomous system of wind energy pump storage for optimal efficiency.


The ability to make decisions at the county level can be influenced by multiple variants.Analyzing from the perspective of new institutionalism,we may find that ineffective institution is responsible for these problems.Institution innovation is an effective way to solve "North paradox" and promote economic growth,and thus will improve the ability of decision-making at the county level.


Ammonia emissions in
 ruminant husbandry originating from degradation of animal excreta are
 increasingly in discussion for their contribution to the climate change.
 Studies have shown that even within recommended forage nitrogen contents, the
 nitrogen supply may exceed the microbial assimilation capacity in the rumen
 and unused nitrogen is excreted as urea. Modification of the forage nitrogen
 content is considered as a suitable approach to reduce emissions resulting
 from the ammonia degradation.In the present study, we investigated the
 influence of different forage nitrogen levels on the ruminal metabolism in
 four adult White Saanen goats.
 Two defined semi synthetic diets were designed (N-: 9.8% CP and N+:
 17.7% CP) to guarantee a sufficient and identical energy, phosphate and
 sulphur supply for rumen microbial microorganisms, however, with distinct
 nitrogen content. We focused on the nutrient balance, changes in the nitrogen
 status, ruminal fermentation parameters and microbial nitrogen assimilation.
 Alterations in the utilization of crude nutrients, energy and protein supply
 of the animal in relation to the daily amount of excreted nitrogen were
 determined. Furthermore, we examined the composition of the ruminal microbial
 community in vivo.
 We found that plasma urea
 concentrations and urea nitrogen excretion were reduced in N- diet
 with no differences in nitrogen retention between the feeding groups. Also, N-
 diet caused decreased apparent digestibility of nitrogen. This was
 accompanied with a decreased digestibility of crude fiber, however, without
 statistic evidence.
 In N- diet the
 redox potential of the rumen fluid was more positive and the mean
 concentrations of acetate and butyrate were reduced. The respective molar
 amount of acetate was reduced, and propionate increased. The mean ammonia
 nitrogen concentration in the N- rumen fluid was close to the
 lower limit for optimal microbial growth, at N+ it was
 significantly higher.
 Microbial nitrogen
 assimilation in N- was 12.2 ± 3.3 g N/day, and in N+ 27.5
 ± 4.3 g N/ day. Furthermore, the
 single-strand-conformation-polymorphism-(SSCP)-analysis revealed no
 significant effect of N supply on the composition of the microbial community.
 The present study shows
 that in spite of nitrogen supply levels above the recommended lower limit of
 7 % CP/DM, a significant decrease of the microbial protein synthesis occurs
 in goats with N-diet as compared to N+ (N-
 showed 44 % of the synthesis performance of N+). Interestingly,
 with N- diet the synthesized amount of microbial protein per day
 is still within the standard performance range found in literature.
 It was also evident that a supply of 17.7 % CP in N+ diet, which
 is close to the recommendation for optimal nitrogen supply of 20 % CP,
 exceeds the microbial nitrogen assimilation capacity and leads to nitrogen
 losses from the rumen and increased renal nitrogen excretion. Interestingly,
 these are indicators for a narrower range of optimum forage nitrogen supply
 in goats, than currently recommended for ruminants. The results also suggest
 that nitrogen assimilation in goats is more efficient than in other
 ruminants, since only 44 % of the protein synthesis capacity is still
 producing microbial protein according to the reference values in small
 ruminants.


The invention relates to the field of electronic payment terminals and discloses a method enabling safe operation of a POS terminal to be achieved. The method includes the steps that the POS terminal generates random numbers and transmits the random numbers to an operating terminal; the operating terminal reads an operator card to generate a ciphertext and sends information of the operator card and the ciphertext to the POS terminal; the POS terminal verifies the received information and the content of the ciphertext. The invention further discloses a system enabling safe operation of the POS terminal to be achieved. The method and system have the advantages that triple verification is carried out in the verifying process, firstly, the validity of an operator certificate is verified, secondly, it is verified that whether the random numbers sent to the operating end and sent back after encryption are consistent to the random numbers originally generated by the POS terminal, and finally, it is verified that whether consumed time in the verifying process is within preset time or not; through the steps, it can be ensured that an operator of the operating terminal has a permission, and the safety of generating a TK by controlling the POS terminal through the operating terminal can be guaranteed.


Photoelectron spectroscopy (photoemission) is a well established and widely used technique for studying the atomic, electronic, and magnetic structure of materials, with in fact a history of over 100 years from Einstein's first explanation of it. However, it is only within the past decade that experiments have begun with energies in the hard X-ray regime above 2 keV and going up to 10 keV or more [1,2]. Such hard X-ray photoemission (HXPS or HAXPES) measurements are of high interest because they permit obtaining information from deeper below the surface of a solid sample, due to electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) that increase roughly as (kinetic energy)0.75. HAXPES is thus rapidly developing worldwide, and SPring-8 is a leader in this field, with many papers already published in leading journals. The work described here involves exploring two new dimensions of HAXPES in order to enhance its power for the characterization of complex and nanoscale materials. If the sample to be studied is grown as, or on, a synthetic multilayer mirror, then tuning the X-ray incidence angle to the mirror Bragg angle creates a strong standing wave (SW) in the mirror and above its surface. This nm-scale standing wave can then be moved vertically through the sample, by scanning the incidence angle through the Bragg angle (a rocking curve); by scanning the photon energy through the Bragg condition; or if one layer of the sample has been grown in a suitable wedge profile, also by moving the X-ray spot along the sample. In previous soft X-ray experiments, these techniques have been shown to provide a powerful new approach for studying buried layers and interfaces with sub-nm resolution [3]. However, soft X-ray measurements are limited in depth sensitivity due to the short IMFPs of ~10-20 Å involved. Recent experiments at beamline BL15XU have extended this technique into the hard X-ray regime with ~50-100 Å IMFPs, thus providing data that can reach into deeper layers and interfaces of technologically relevant multilayer nanostructures [4,5,6]. Some results of the rocking-curve type for a SrTiO3 /La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 multilayer are shown in Fig. 1(a), based on SPring-8 hard X-ray data at 5.9 keV and analogous Berkeley ALS soft X-ray data at 833 eV [5]. These curves show effects both from the multilayer Bragg reflection (the large peaks at 1.9° and 14°) and from reflection at the top and the bottom of the multilayer (Kiessig fringes). From detailed X-ray optical simulations of this data, it has been determined that the bilayer distance has changed by about 6% in going from the top to the bottom of the multilayer. Further analysis of this data finally leads to the detailed surface and interface profiles shown in Fig. 1(b). Other studies at SPring-8 using the SW method in HAXPES have involved the Fe/MgO interface of relevance to spintronics, and the TiN/Si interface of relevance to semiconductor integrated circuits [4], thus demonstrating the broad applicability of this new approach. Angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) is a technique of choice in the soft X-ray regime for studying the valence-level electronic structure of solids and surfaces. Most measurements to data are done with photon energies below about 150 eV, and so are very surface sensitive. A limited number of studies have pushed this into the 0.5-1.0 keV range [7], thus achieving greater bulk sensitivity. In recent


Propagation of radiation in nonlinear dispersive media has been analyzed numerically without standard assumptions (like the envelope approximation or the rotating wave approximation) in the near-resonant regime in one spatial dimension. The medium has been modeled as an assemblage of two-, three-, or four-level systems. An attempt to include inhomogeneous broadening has been made with the help of random spatial modulation of the frequencies of transitions in those systems. Particular attention has been directed to the propagation in spatially structured media. Non-trivial dynamics of forerunners have been obtained in the cases of "stopped" light and "superluminal" propagation. The shapes of the signal, and, in particular, the propagation of the wings of the signal have been investigated. The time- and parameter-dependence of the group velocity have been studied in detail, and the vagueness of the concept of the group velocity has been stressed.


This paper focuses on the important role of open-source software in the development of a fully-automatic and accurate registration system for images of Quadrature Tomographic Microscopy. The system is correspondence-based, using the framework provided by open-source RGRL(Rensselear Generalized Registration Library). The library implements several well-known techniques and the ability to mix-and-match techniques for components of the framework allows testing of ideas and development of the robust system in a timely fashion.


This study investigates some important terms of cereal agriculture in the five languagefamilies of East Asia, in an attempt to gain some insights into processes of cereal domestication, demographic expansions and the formation of language families. The principal findings are: • There is some evidence that the proto-Austronesians cultivated wet rice, albeit without elaborate irrigation techniques; • Two words for rice are uniquely shared by Sino-Tibetan and Austronesian, with sound correspondences; • A word for 'Setaria italica', a millet, is possibly shared by Chinese and Austronesian. • There is no evidence for agricultural words uniquely shared by Austroasiatic and Austronesian (Austric).


In connection with the 200th anniversary of the birth of F.M. Dostoevsky, the article is devoted to the analysis of the understanding of war, peace, interstate politics in his work. The approaches and characteristics of the writer's views on the problems of war and peace are analyzed


New York Film Festival 2000 offered a selected group of internationally and

aesthetically diverse films. No trend emerged in the heterogeneous

collection of offerings. The spectrum of offerings included both

commercially viable and art house genres: the musical, the slice of life,

the bio-pic, the meditation on history, the melodrama, the

historical/political film, and the classics-on-film tour de force. Herewith

a report on eight highlights of NYFF\'s program: seven beauties and a

funeral, though not in that order.


In a typical travel demand modeling application, multiple versions of a transportation network are needed to represent the modeling networks associated with different design alternatives for different model years. Traditionally, these networks are modified individually and stored in separate network files. The process is not only time-consuming, but is also prone to network coding errors that result in network inconsistencies. This has led to the use of the "master network" approach of building and maintaining modeling networks. A master network combines the base-year and all future-year model networks in a single, integrated, and consistent spatiotemporal database. With a master network database design, a specific network is extracted from its master network database by indicating the timeline and the design alternative of the network to be extracted. After a network is extracted and modified, it is merged back into the master network database; this merge allows the same changes to be automatically propagated to other networks in the master network, thus saving time by both eliminating repetitive manual changes and avoiding network coding errors. This paper describes a master network system that was designed to implement not only automatic change propagations, but also minimize data storage space, generate networks with consolidated links, and support open data attributes. While the system was developed to work with geodatabases and the Cube Voyager travel demand modeling engine, the same database design can be adapted for implementation with other databases and modeling engines.


This paper examines the rhetorical strategies deployed by President Goodluck Jonathan in the speech titled 'Nigerians must Unite against Boko Haram' as well as the values and ideologies embedded in them. The speech is open to syntactic, pragmatic and stylistic analysis, but Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was adopted to enable the author explore the worldviews and ideologies in his choice of words. To this end, van Dijk's Ideological Square was adopted as the theoretical framework. The researcher argues that presidential texts and talks can only be fully understood if they are studied from their contextual perspective. The data analyzed reveal that by relying on the properties of ideological and political discourse such as positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation, the president skillfully and strategically enhanced his rhetoric. Keywords: Boko Haram, ideologies, worldviews, Critical Discourse Analysis, legitimating strategies.


Normally, television receivers require manual adjustment for the horizontal and the vertical synchronization. In this paper, a highly-stable synchronizing circuit is described. It requires no manual adjustment.


: The emotion of state boredom is experienced by nearly everyone from time to time. The workplace may predispose to episodes of boredom when autonomy is low, tasks lack personal meaning or are too simple or too complex, and performers find that attention is effortful or their minds wander. Bored individuals attempt to down-regulate their negative emotional state in a variety of ways, some of which are helpful and others harmful to themselves and/or the organization.


AbstractThe heat-treatment characteristics and unique red-hardness properties of high-speed steels are described in relation to the historical development of modern compositions. Economic factors have hastened the adoption of molybdenum-type high-speed steels in place of the tungsten grades originally favoured. Standardization of grades has been aided by the wide usage of the AISI classification system and the publication of British Standard BS 4659 'Tool steels'. The selection of popular standard grades for various cutting tool applications is discussed. Many aspects of quality, including hardening response, carbide segregation, and surface decarburization are covered by BS 4659 and developments in the manufacture of high-speed steels to meet some of the high standards now demanded are also described. The special considerations and practices involved in the annealing, stress-relieving, hardening, and tempering of high-speed steels are reviewed in relation to the manufacture of engineers' cutting tools. P...


Purpose: This paper is motivated by the dearth of domestic savings required for inclusive economic growth in Nigeria. The paper examines the impact of financial literacy and socio-economic factors on Nigerians saving behaviour.
Methodology: The models are estimated with linear probability and probit estimators. There are three categories of variables in the models; the independent variables, which are the computed scores of financial literacies; control variables, which are the measures of demographic and socioeconomic factors and; the dependent variables, which are the measures of frequencies of saving in three financial institutions in Nigeria.
Findings: Our finding resonates with policy debates suggesting that improving Nigerians knowledge about finance and financial services would foster Nigerians saving behaviour. We observed also that households with 1 – 4 persons have tendency to put away more money as savings. The paper documented that the optimum household size for accelerating saving is 5-6 persons beyond which enforces financial exclusion or dissaving, among others.
Unique contributions to theory, practice and Policy: This paper provide fresh evidence on the influence of the newly financial literacy scores variables designed by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Nigerians saving behaviour. It equally, expanded the saving literature by considering differently level of household sizes to explained Nigerians saving behaviours. Consequent on the findings the paper suggested that the Federal Government of Nigeria in collaboration with the States governmant reenforce the National Financial Inclusion Strategy framework and include a finance course to be made mandatory and taught at all levels of education in Nigeria. The paper also suggested a rethink on the Nigerian population policy to an aggressive campaign on family planning aimed at reducing fertility level to about 2 – 3 children per family.


Hitherto a standard conservative approach has been to deny operation to all applicants with mild or minimal deformities, since it is claimed that they must necessarily have severe underlying psychiatric problems and therefore operation must inevitably prove disastrous. Another symptom might be substituted, the patient is likely to become dissatisfied and possibly litigious, and a florid psychosis might even be precipitated. By contrast, patients with marked deformities were thought to have few basic psychological difficulties. Any maladjustment was considered as secondary to the deformity and was expected to remit after an adequate surgical reconstruction. Nevertheless, several research projects and a growing body of clinical experience have indicated that the psychological distinction between the marked and minimal disfigurement groups is much less than had been supposed. There are instances of patients with major deformities being quite dissatisfied after


The incidence of malignant neoplasms of the brain and the spinal medulla in children of Mayak Production Association workers who exposed preconceptive gamma irradiation was analyzed in the paper. The retrospective analysis was carried out within the cohort of children under the age of 15 born in 1948-2013 which includes 72316 people born and have been living in Ozersk, located near the nuclear plant. Overall 13 cases of malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system were registered among descendants of persons exposed in the workplace. The average value of the total dose of preconceptive gamma irradiation among mothers reached 251.95 mGy, among fathers - 211.42 mGy. The most frequent localization of malignant process was cerebellum, the most frequent morphological type of tumor was astrocytoma. Comparative analysis of morbidity was carried out by the method of indirect standardization, herewith regional and national age-sex incidence rates were applied. There was no significant excess of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system among children of nuclear workers. Standardized incidence ratio in comparison with the national statistics for children under 15 generally amounted in 1.04 in boys (95% confidence interval 0.5-1.87), in girls - 0.58 (0.18-1.35); in comparison with the regional statistics: in boys - 1.16 (0.56-2.09), in girls - 0.36 (0.11-0.85).


In order to ensure that certificateless signcryption scheme could achieve the known ephemeral secret security,a new certificateless signcryption scheme without pairing is proposed in this paper.The new signcryption scheme correspond the user's partial private key,the user's private secret and the signcryption ephemeral secrets to three different CDH(computational Diffie-Hellman) problems respectively,and then use the hash function to combine the user key and the ephemeral secrets with user's identity.It is proved in this paper that the new scheme not only achieves data authentication and confidentiality,but also ensures the known ephemeral secret security.Comparative analysis shows that the new scheme wins more secure and better computing performance.In addition,it is pointed out that the signcryption scheme in reference [3] cannot resist the known ephemeral secret attacks.


The Communications and Intelligent Systems Division provides expertise, plans, conducts and directs research and engineering development in the competency fields of advanced communications and intelligent systems technologies for application in current and future aeronautics and space systems.


Bladder cancer is a common cancer in smoking men and may correlate with mechanosensitive potassium channels because the urinary bladder is a stretch sensing organ. Two-pore K+ channels (K2P), such as TASK3 and TREK1, have recently been shown to play a critical role in both cell apoptosis and tumorigenesis. Of the channels, TREK1 can be activated by many physiological stimuli, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, and intracellular pH, hypoxia, and neurotransmitters. Here we attempted to determine whether TREK1 is functionally expressed in bladder cancer 253J cells. K2P channels, including TREK1, TREK2, TASK1, TASK3, and TWIK1, were quantified in cultured human bladder cancer 253J cells using real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Among them, TREK1-like channel was recorded at a single channel level using the patch-clamp technique. The TREKl-like channel, with single-channel conductance of ~90 pS at ?80 mV, was recorded in symmetrical 150 mM KCl using an excised inside-out patch configuration. The current-voltage relationships were linear and were insensitive to tetraethylammonium. The channel was activated by membrane stretch, free fatty acids, and intracellular acidosis. These results with electrophysiological properties resemble to those of K2P channel, for instance, TREK1. Therefore, we conclude that TREK1 channel is functionally present in bladder cancer 253J cells.


The availability of EUV light sources, measurement tools, and integrated test systems is of major importance for the development of EUVL to be used in high-volume chip manufacturing, which is expected to start in 2009. For economic use of EUVL, a throughput of 100 wafers per hour will be necessary, as estimated from the cost of an EUV exposure tool in combination with sophisticated throughput models. This means that light sources will be necessary that deliver an EUV output power of 115 W at 13.5 nm at the entrance of the illuminator system. The choice of the wavelength is derived from a general convention to use Mo∕Si-based reflection coatings on the near-normal-incidence mirrors of the lithography system. The power specification in combination with the required lifetimes of source components and collector optics makes the source technology the most critical issue in developing EUVL. LPPs as sources for EUV radiation are a promising technical approach because of their physical principle, which allows one to manage the thermal load of source components to provide sufficient component lifetimes. As a result, the EUV output power seems to be scalable to high-volume manufacturing (HVM) requirements.

At XTREME technologies GmbH—a joint venture of Lambda Physik AG, Gottingen, and Jenoptik LOS GmbH, Jena, Germany—EUV sources based on the generation of a plasma by an electrical gas discharge and by laser excitation have been investigated and developed since 2001. This chapter gives an overview of the basics of LPP EUV sources and their technology, the development roadmap, and the current state of the art of these light sources at XTREME technologies. An overview of GDPP EUV sources at XTREME technologies is contained in Chapter 14.


Opportunistic annexing enables users to improve the I/O capabilities of their handheld devices by annexing resources in their environment. By developing an awareness client over opportunistic annexing, we can allow mobile users to take advantage of pervasive computing infrastructure to monitor information in the periphery of their attention. Important considerations when designing architecture for the awareness client include automating discovery, authentication and connections. Developing interfaces to split across multiple, undetermined devices also raises challenges for design. By building an awareness client over opportunistic annexing, we can improve mobile users' capabilities to monitor information in the periphery without directly interaction with their handheld devices.


Psychopathy has long been framed as a special challenge in criminal justice contexts, in part due to the supposedly untreatable nature of psychopathic offenders. Indeed, previous failed attempts to 'treat' this particular group have resulted in a widespread pessimism about treatment efficacy amongst correctional professionals. This pessimism has focused on the inherent unchangeable nature of psychopathic traits, especially those associated with Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) Factor 1 items and the challenge of developing an effective therapeutic alliance with hostile, manipulative offenders. It is argued that this negative stance is neither unanimous nor justified because of poor consistency of population definition and methodological problems with structural and functional attributes of traditional treatment approaches. This article describes an experimental intervention – the High-Risk Personality Programme (HRPP) – a New Zealand prison-based group intensive treatment programme designed to reduce violence with a psychopathic group, and create opportunities to devise rehabilitative solutions with a challenging group.


♦ In 1970, 300,000 persons died in Bangladesh when a cyclone drove a huge wave over the Ganges delta, in what has been described as the greatest natural disaster in history. In 1984, the world was struck by the image of millions of Ethiopians dying of starvation. How many North Americans will perish when the San Andreas Fault moves once again sometime in the 21st century? All of these situations can be predicted well in advance. The Ganges delta is a flat lowland known for its climatic instability; at the beginning of the 1970s, Africa, which was essentially selfsufficient in food, began to show increasing signs of declining per capita grain production, and in 1906 San Francisco was literally destroyed by a major earthquake.


Let D×D be the bidisk {(z 1, z 2)∈ℂ2; |z i |<1, i=1, 2}, and let A′(S 1×S 1) be the space of all hyperfunctions over the product of two circles S 1×S 1. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition on the generalized Poisson transform of an element f in the space A′(S 1×S 1) for f to be in L 2(S 1×S 1).


The authors trace the failure of Einstein causality in interacting high-spin field theories to the presence of secondary constraints in the Cauchy initial value problem. They bring in and extend a theorem of Gel'Fand and Yaglom (1948), and use it to show that non-negativity of the field anticommutators for half-integral spin, and non-negativity of the field energy for integral spin, necessarily imply the existence of such constraints, except for the privileged spin values 0, 1/2 and 1. This is proven under very lax assumptions as to the nature of the mass spectrum. A systematic search is carried out for alternative spin-3/2 constraint schemes, taking a Lagrangian which contains thirteen adjustable parameters, many of which couple in the hitherto 'obscure' unmixed-spinor representations (3/2,0) and (0,3/2) of the Lorentz group. The search reveals two unfamiliar spin-3/2 equations, one of which is entirely new. The new equations are analysed and each contains a Rarita-Schwinger constraint subchain. This means that the new equations will also show causality failures. In five or more space-time dimensions additional field equations appear, which are very much simpler and give a much more fundamental role to the 'obscure' representation.


---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Pansharpening combines a low-resolution color multispectral image with a high-resolution grayscale panchromatic image to create a high-resolution fused color image. A pansharpened image represents a sensor fusion between the multispectral and panchromatic images which gives the best of two image types, high spectral resolution and high spatial resolution. There are a number of applications in remote sensing that require images with both high spatial and spectral resolutions. The fusion or pansharpening, provides a solution to this by combining the clear geometric features of the panchromatic image and the color information of the multispectral image. One type of pansharpening method are based on injection of details from PAN image into MS image and another method is based on decomposing the MS image into different color space or principal components. In this paper, we conduct a study on six different pansharpening methods.


In this paper, we study the multiple integral I = ∫ 1 0 ∫ 1 0 . . . ∫ 1 0 f (x1+x2+ · · ·+ xn)dx1 dx2 . . . dxn. A general formula of I is presented. As an application, the integral I with f (x) = logΓ(x) is evaluated. We show that the values of I share a common formula for all n ∈ N. The subsidiary computational challenges are substantial and interesting in their own right.


In many countries, national tuberculosis (TB) prevalence surveys are the only way to reliably measure the burden of TB disease and monitor trends. They can also provide evidence about the current performance of TB care and control and how this could be improved. We developed an inventory of Asian surveys from 1953 to 2012 and then compiled and analysed a standard set of data for all national surveys implemented between 1990 (the baseline year for 2015 global TB targets) and 2012.


This paper examines the behavior of reinforced high-strength concrete beams failing in pure torsion compared to 159 normal strength concrete beam tests collected from the literature. An assessment of the ultimate torsional capacity has shown that the best agreement between calculated and experimental test results is achieved if the cover is not taken into account in the calculation of the torsional capacity. It is shown that the ACI Building Code is conservative for both normal and high-strength concretes


FIGURE 1: Tu Do. AT the bottom of Tu Do-once Saigon's elegant Rue Catinat, and still a tree-lined street of expensive shops, airline offices and Parisian cafes, although there is now a rising incidence of slinky bars, massage parlours and helmeted M.P.'s who prowl up and down after raucous G.I.'s-the German hospital ship Helgoland is tied up at the waterfront (Figures 1 and 2). Gleaming white, with a large red cross on her raked funnel and awnings stretched over the decks against the probing tropical sun, the 3,100ton vessel arrived in South Vietnam last September. At considerable expense the ship had been converted from its former character as a Baltic passenger ferry into a lavishly equipped hospital with a staff of 42, including


A better understanding of the factors and processes affecting N₂O emissions is essential for developing mitigation strategies. This research aimed to examine the factors and processes affecting N₂O emissions and N dynamics. Laboratory incubation experiments examined the effects of N (urea) application rate (0–150 mg N kg⁻¹); soil water content (5–30%, w/w); temperature (10–40°C); and incorporation of biochar (1%, w/w), a urease inhibitor (Agrotain Ultra), and a nitrification inhibitor (N-Serve 24) on N₂O emissions and N transformation dynamics in a Hanford sandy loam soil. Nitrous oxide emissions, soil pH, and mineral N species were monitored for 35 d. Peak emission rates and cumulative losses of N₂O increased more than the N application rate increased. Soil water content at 20 and 30% [above the water holding capacity (WHC) of 12%] resulted in much higher total N₂O emissions (9.3 and 8.0% of total soil inorganic N, respectively) than that from 5 and 10% water content (0.2 and 0.3%, respectively). Increasing soil water content above WHC caused higher N₂O emissions than increasing the soil temperature, which demonstrates that soil moisture is more significant in affecting the process. Nitrite concentration was highly correlated with N₂O emissions within two water content ranges (above or below WHC). Amendment with biochar, Agrotain Ultra, and N-Serve 24 reduced N₂O emissions by 74, 78, and 74%, respectively. This research provide further understanding of the processes affecting N₂O emissions from soil, which can assist in developing management practices.


Alkanes, although not amphiphilic molecules, adsorb at the surface of water drops from the vapour phase. At the drop surface of the surfactant solution formed in hexane saturated air, a competitive adsorption of surfactant and hexane is observed. Experiments with drop profile analysis tensiometry are performed to quantify the adsorption of the non-ionic surfactant C10EO8 at the water/hexane vapour interface. The equilibrium surface tension isotherm shows a remarkable shift towards much lower tensions, even much below those values reached by micellar C10EO8 solutions. A thermodynamic model allows the description of the mixed hexane/C10EO8 adsorption layer at the water/vapour interface quite well. The incorporation of hexane molecules also significantly increases the dilation elasticity values, although the layers of hexane alone show only very low dilational elasticities and high viscosities. While a diffusional exchange of matter theory describes the visco-elasticity of the surfactant very well, it fails for the mixed adsorption layer.


In a review of plant fats in relation to environment and evolution, McNair (5) noted that several factors influence fat production ; stage of development, carbohydrate percentage, vegetative vigor, heredity, and environment. Ivanow (4) showed that the percentage of oil increased in ripening flaxseed as the percentage of sugars decreased. In general, studies on the composition of maturing oil seeds have usually dealt only with the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the crude lipid fraction and in some cases with the soluble sugars. Markley (6) pointed outvhowever, that moisture content, weight of seed, and percentage of other constituents in addition to histological and anatomical data are also necessary for proper interpretation of the synthesis of fatty acids in the growing plant. Patel and Seshadri (7) tagged flowers and reported that the bunch peanut of the Spanish type locally known in India as Gudiyattum required 95 days from planting or 60 days after flowering to produce mature nuts. Although tagging the flowers was of distinct value in evaluating the age of the nuts, the authors indicated that the seeds from flowers which opened on the same day did not develop at the same rate. The gynophores from the flowers near the soil entered the earth and produced seeds earlier than those more distant. They noted that the percentage of oil on the dry basis increased very slowly at the beginning and ending of the developmental period. Oil was synthesized rapidly between the 32nd and 46th day after flowering. Garner, et al. (3) found that under the conditions of their studies climatic variations had more effect on size of seed and on oil content than did differences in the soils. Gallup and Staten (2) compared peanut fruits taken at a stage of growth about five weeks prior to normal harvest with those obtained at normal harvest. On a dry weight basis, the percentage of ash, protein, and crude fiber showed little or no change, while the ether extract fraction increased from 31.28% to 36.11%. The fruiting habit of the peanut is peculiar ; the flowers develop above the ground, but after fertilization of the ovule the stalk of the. ovary lengthens. The elongating gynophore, popularly known as a "peg", pushes the ovary into the soil where it develops into shell and seed. Since blossoming is progressive over a period of several weeks, difficulty in determining the exact stage of development of the fruits by the planting date alone is quite eyident. It is generally believed that in the Piedmont area of Georgia, Spanish type


The invention discloses a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver system based on a delay locked loop (DLL)-Rake tracking loop, which belongs to the field of positioning navigation. The system comprises a baseband processing chip module and a GNSS radio frequency processing chip module, wherein the baseband processing chip module consists of correlator modules of 12 channels and a MicroBlaze soft core processor module; the correlator modules of each channel read GNSS digital intermediate frequency signals from the GNSS radio frequency processing chip module, and transmit an accumulative correlation value, obtained by two branches, of a satellite signal and original measured values to the MicroBlaze soft core processing module; and the MicroBlaze soft core processor module controls the correlator modules according to the accumulative correlation value, regulates carrier loops and code loops of the correlator modules to make the system work in different states, and calculates position, velocity and time (PVT) information according to the measured values. The system improves the positioning accuracy and satellite capturing velocity of a GNSS receiver.


NORM INEQUALITIES RELATED TO THE MATRIX GEOMETRIC MEAN OF NEGATIVE POWER Mohsen Kian∗ and Yuki Seo∗∗ Received February 12, 2018; revised March 27, 2018 Abstract. In this paper, we show norm inequalities related to the matrix geometric mean of negative power for positive definite matrices: For positive definite matrices A and B, ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ e log A+β log B ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ≤ |||A \β B||| ≤ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ AB ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨ ̨


Objective To investigate the effects of ginsenosides Rg1 on [Ca2+]i in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons subjected to morphine-dependence.Methods After the hippocampal neurons subjected to morphine-dependence were respectively treated with ginsenosides Rg1(1 μmol / L,10 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L).Changes of [Ca2+]i induced by ginsenosides Rg1 were detected by laser scanning confocal microscope,by use of Fluo-3 / AM as a calcium fluorescent probe.Results [Ca2+]i in normal hippocampal neurons didn't have any significant changes after treated with low-,medium-and high-dose ginsenosides Rg1(P 0.05),but morphine induced a significant increase of [Ca2+]i in hippocampal neurons(P 0.01).In addition,low-,medium-and high-dose ginsenosides Rg1 could significantly block the increase of [Ca2+]i induced by morphine in a dose-dependent manner(P0.01)。 Conclusion The results indicated that ginsenosides Rg1 may effectively block the increase of [Ca2+]i induced by morphine and morphine addiction,and supported that ginseng can be a safe detoxification drug.


Recent reports, from The Netherlands1 and the UK,2 suggest that statins have a modifying role in osteoarthritis (OA) using different outcome definitions, specifically radiographic OA in the Rotterdam cohort and general practitioner diagnosis from a national database in the UK study. On the other hand, a large longitudinal study from the USA found that statin use was not associated with improvements in knee pain, function or structural progression over a 4-year period.3 A separate US longitudinal study in elderly women found that statin use may be associated with an increased risk of developing incident radiographic hip OA.4 The discrepancies between published studies on statins and OA may be due to methodological factors as has been discussed elsewhere.5

Studies of generalised OA suggest the potential role of systemic processes in disease pathogenesis.6 It …


We study coded caching over non-ergodic fading channels. As the multicast capacity of a broadcast channel is restricted by the user experiencing the worst channel conditions, we formulate an optimization problem to minimize the transmission time by grouping users based on their channel conditions, and transmit coded messages according to the worst channel conditions in the group, as opposed to the worst among all. We develop two algorithms to determine the user groups: a locally optimal iterative algorithm and a numerically more efficient solution through a shortest path problem, and we illustrate the effectiveness of developed solutions via numerical examples.


Abstract The paper briefly discusses the charcteristics of creep deformation and the requirements of any creep equation developed to quantify this behavior. It is shown how the Graham and Walles methodology (1)† fulfils the identified objectives and how the equations have been applied to simple and complex variable loading situations. By reference to an appropriate blade alloy it will be shown that the approach can be extended to produce deformation maps and the results will be compared with theoretical creep models such as dislocation shearing of precipitate particles. Finally it is shown how the Graham and Walles model has been applied to single crystal materials to predict creep in randomly oriented crystals.


Abstract We studied the effects of breeding stage and behavioral context on the singing behavior of male Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea; n  =  15) during the 2004 breeding season in Madison County, Kentucky, USA, to better understand how males with a single-song repertoire vary the characteristics of their song to convey different information. Playback experiments were conducted in 2005 in territories of focal males (n  =  14) to further examine the possible effect of male-male interactions on singing behavior. We analyzed 10,919 songs of 15 male Indigo Buntings with songs consisting of a series of figures that were usually paired (i.e., phrases). Mean song duration was 2.30 ± 0.13 (SE) sec (range  =  1.44–3.40 sec) with males varying song duration by varying the number of figures and phrases in each song. Singing rates varied significantly (P < 0.0001) among breeding stages and were highest prior to pairing, suggesting singing has a role in mate attraction. Singing rates also differed (P  =  0.013) during playback experiments with rates higher during playback and post-playback periods (ξ  =  4.4 songs/min) than during the pre-playback period (ξ  =  2.9 songs/min). These results suggest that singing also has a role in territory defense. Songs of male buntings tended to be shorter prior to pairing and were generally longer in duration after pairing. Playback experiments revealed that bunting songs were longer (P  =  0.03) during and after playback (ξ  =  2.6 sec) than during the pre-playback period (ξ  =  2.0 sec). These results suggest male Indigo Buntings vary singing rates and song duration to convey different information, appearing to use shorter songs uttered at high rates to attract mates and longer songs to convey aggression during male-male interactions.


A TSTO-vehicle was investigated within the FESTIP study. The vehicle with a lift-off mass of 520 Mg will bring 7 resp. 2 Mg of payload into the two target orbits. The two stages use similar technologies for structure, TPS and propulsion. Flyback of the Lower Stage will be performed by jet propulsion. A semireusable version was assessed and showed significant growth potential for the launcher family. The technologies, required to realize such a vehicle, were identified.


Background: Post-dated pregnancy is when the gestation is more than 40 weeks or 280 days. They last longer than the estimated date of delivery. Postdated pregnancies are associated with increased perinatal and maternal complications. These risks are greater than it was originally thought. Risks have been underestimated in the past leading to increasing number of complicated postdated pregnancies which appears to be otherwise low risk. The maternal risks are very often underappreciated resulting in increased maternal morbidity.Methods: This cross sectional observational study was done to evaluate maternal and fetal complications associated with Postdated pregnancies was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynecology in a tertiary care centre, Sir Devraj Urs Medical College and RL Jalappa Hospital, Kolar between July 2018 and July 2019, fulfilling all the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: 50 out of 100 patients had full term normal deliveries where as 45% patients required cesarean section. Most common indication for cesarean section was meconium stained liquor with fetal distress (25%). 42% of the babies born needed NICU admission. Most common maternal complication seen was Postpartum Hemorrhage.Conclusions: The present study we conclude that postdated pregnancy was associated with significant risk of perinatal complications such as fetal distress, meconium aspiration syndrome and IUGR. There was increased risk of obstetric complications as well like atonic PPH, oligohydramnios, obstructed labor.


A hot-water immersion appliance (HWIA) was assembled and used as a research tool in the development of a hot-water immersion quarantine treatment to disinfest mangos in Haiti, Mexico, and Florida that were infested with immature Tephritidae. The HWIA consists of a metal container (approximately 57.2 cm inside diameter and 85.1 cm height) adapted with a metal screen platform positioned inside the container 25.4 cm above the bottom. A submersible pump mounted to the bottom of the platform Circulated 1,5.14-1,893 liters heated water per hour within the container through flexible polybutylene tubing. The water was heated by flames provided by a two-burner, propane. gas, hot plate located below the container. The HWIA was easily assembled, durable, mobile, and inexpensive.


Abstract Sinkoraena gen. nov. is proposed for the Japanese and Korean species currently known as Grateloupia okamurae Yamada and the southeastern Australian G. tasmanica Womersley et Lewis. Characters distinguishing the new genus from Grateloupia are the cartilaginous texture, densely proliferous frond faces and margins, thick cortex, predominantly stellate inner cortical cells, reproductive structures (carpogonial and auxiliary-cell ampullae, cystocarps, spermatangia, and tetrasporangia) borne primarily in lateral proliferations, and bushy auxiliary-cell ampullae similar to those of the genus Polyopes. Polyopes, the probable closest relative, differs from Sinkoraena in lacking stellate inner cortical cells and proliferous frond surfaces, and in forming tetrasporangia in nemathecial sori. Sinkoraena okamurae (Yamada) comb. nov. is distinguished from S. tasmanica (Womersley et Lewis) comb. nov. by its wider frond (to 40 mm vs 8 mm) and confinement of its cystocarps and spermatangia to lateral proliferation...


Urinary dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) were estimated in obese women treated by a low ealorie intake combined with exereise or by diet alone. The combined regime led to an enhaneed NE excretion, while the excretion of E remained unehanged. Diet alone stimulated the exeretion of E; NE excretion was not influeneed. The tendeney to a raised DA output was not signifieant.


For new urban districts, the traditional 4 - phase transportation demand forecasting model can not meet the need of the master planning due to the lack of the trip generationdistribution phase data. There are lots of difference between new blocks and constructed blcoks. How to dif-femtiate the difference is a problem in traffic forecasting. Analyses based on locatpn potential energy proides a way to solve the problem.


We report a 2.5-year-old girl who was born at term as the second child to a 30-year-old mother and 35-year-old father, both healthy and non-consanguineous. Birth weight was 3200 g, birth length was 49 cm, while birth head occipitofrontal head circumferences was 33 cm. Body measurements were within normal limits. She was sent form a pediatrics clinic for facial dysmorphism. She had narrow and hairy forehead, synophrys, long-prominent upper eyelashes, depressed nasal root and beaked nose, thin lips, narrow palate, low set and posteriorly rotated ears, capillary hemangioma, strabismus, horizontal nystagmus. Filtrum length was 1 cm. She was unable to keep her head without support. Cranial MRI revealed shallow sulci of frontoparietal cortex, cavum septum pellucidum, dilated lateral ventricle, pachygyria and lissencephaly. USG of the abdomen showed distinct pelvic calcific ectasia of the right kidney. EKO showed VSD and PFO. Psychometric tests revealed severe neuro developmental delay. Chromosome analysis showed structural anomaly of 46,XX,add(20)(p13). The origin of the additional genetic material is under investigation.


The purpose of this paper is to examine a number of major theoretical and empirical contributions in the field if intellectual capital with an attempt to identify the major components of intellectual capital.Today the concept of intellectual capital is increasingly recognized as one of the most important strategic assets of organizations in knowledge-based economy.In knowledge-based economy, modern and high tech enterprises not only focus on innovation of
new products, services, and marketing, research and development activities but also pay particular attention to the development and management of organization intellectual capital.


The aim of this paper is to reflect on the role of literature in the formation and activities of foreign language teachers, knowing that foreign lit is a knowledge whose validity is often questioned, even within the university, by discourses originated in different social spheres. From the Bakhtinian theory, we try to point out how the speeches put into circulation in the spheres of school and foreign language courses, in particular, produce an undeniable anchor at the enunciation scenes whose intent is to teach/learn literature in the context of foreign language college careers. Throughout the work, we raise data on the current curricula of some courses offered by public universities in Rio de Janeiro, we reflect on the problems stemming from the changes required by the legislation that regulates the reform of teacher training graduate courses (CNE/CP 2002/1-2), and we highlight the controversy around the (dis)interest of language students in literature. The trajectory of this investigation leads us to


Though intercell scheduling problems have been studied in the literature, extant algorithms can hardly come into play in practice. This is because of two reasons: 1) transportation among cells, which is important for practical intercell scheduling, has not been adequately considered and 2) the problem size is large in practice, which may lead to intolerable computation efficiency. The motivation of this paper is to automatically design intercell scheduling heuristics that are suitable for practical application. A genetic programming algorithm with a pretraining strategy (GP-PS) is proposed. Production within cells and transportation among cells are simultaneously considered, and a cooperative coevolutionary framework is designed. To evolve better heuristics, a PS is developed. A speedup strategy is designed to accelerate the evolutionary process. Comparative experiments are conducted with other GP-based algorithms, speedup strategies, and with some state-of-the-art intercell scheduling algorithms. GP-PS is also put into use in a large manufacturing enterprise of China. Computational experiments and application results both verify the effectiveness of GP-PS. Note to Practitioners—Although intercell scheduling problems have been studied in the literature, it is still common to rely on manually generated schedules in industrial environments. This paper does not attempt to seek solutions directly, but try to automatically design good heuristic rules to address the problem, so that the computation efficiency that is required by real-time decision and the optimization performance that is important for a complex problem, can be satisfied at the same time.


The effect of intradermal antihistamines application on allergen-mediated cutaneous reactions has been evaluated in sixteen allergic patients. The sizes of allergen-mediated cutaneous wheal-and-flare were decreased by the intradermal application of antihistamines, but the inhibition of wheal-and-flare reactions was not concentration dependent. These inhibitory effect on wheals-and-flares was evoked by ranitidine, the Hy-receptor blockade alone as well as by the pheniramine, the Hy-receptor blockade. However, the most effective inhibition was achieved, when ranitidine and pheniramine were administered together, in each concentration of 10 mol/L. These results provide further evidence for the presence of cutaneous histamine Hy-receptors and their participation in the formation of allergen-mediated skin reactions.