It is shown that, using optimal coupling and focusing methods, the c.w.-I.R. output power can be of several tens of mW in practice, due to the high field intensities of the signal and pump waves within the cavities and the parametric amplification effect. Under optimal conditions, the I.D.F.G. gives a stable and large output power of the generated difference frequency wave in comparison with the other D.F.G. system working under the same conditions On montre qu'en utilisant les methodes de couplage et focalisation optimales, la puissance de sortie de la radiation infrarouge generee peut atteindre quelques dizaines de milliwatts, en raison de l'effet du champ laser dans les deux cavites et de celui de l'amplification parametrique. Aux conditions optimales, le systeme d'I.D.F.G. donne une puissance de sortie de l'onde generee elevee et stable en comparaison avec les autres systemes de D.F.G. operant dans les memes conditions


In this presentation we briefly introduces the matched-phase spectral subtraction method for noise reduction.Then an adaptive algorithm is programmed and a model of low system is built and simulated,based on the low signal-to-noise ratio.Finally the fact-data results prove that,in case of strong interference,the method can display good ability to the low signal-to-noise ratio system.


A candidate marker that influences the flavor and odor of Indonesian sheep that is the Potassium Channel Tetramerization Domain Containing 2 (KCTD2) gene. This study aims to examine the polymorphism and association between the KCTD2 gene and lamb flavor and odor in Indonesian local sheeps. This study used DNA taken from the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of 100 rams including 75 Javanese Thin-Tail sheep (JTTS), 10 Javanese Fat-Tail Sheep (JFTS), and 15 Jonggol Sheep (JS), with ranged in weight from 20 to 35 kg and were 10 to 12 months old. The PCR-RFLP technique and GLM test analysis were used to identify polymorphisms and association of KCTD2 gene. The restriction enzyme BafI digests the PCR-RFLP product of the KCTD2 gene. The results showed that the KCTD2 gene was polymorphic (CC and CT). KCTD2 gene analysis showed a significant (P<0.05) association with 3-Methylphenol (MP). This research provide information regarding the role of the KCTD2 gene in lamb flavor and odor, especially in 3-Methylphenol (MP) compounds, and explain KCTD2 as a functional gene in the selection of premium sheep with low flavor and odor in lamb meat.


Evacuation route choice,evacuation time and efficiency are all greatly affected by individual behavior during evacuation process.Individual behavior is very complex,and the psychology of going with the crowd and the assembling behavior are very familiar in real life.Ameba excretes a kind of bait when there is food around it.Ameba moves toward the area of high concentration of bait,which diffuses and accumulates in a dynamic state,then prey routes of high efficiency will be formed resulting in an assembling state.The chemotaxis of Ameba was used to describe the phenomenon of assembling behavior caused by the psychology of going with the crowd in occupant evacuation.The "motility" parameter reflecting ruleless diffuse activity in non-emergency state and the "chemotaxis" parameter reflecting assembling activity in emergency state were put forward.The general equilibrium equation was established with the density of occupants and information elements.The criterion on the beginning of assembling behavior was obtained by perturbation analysis.


The insecurity provided by conventional treatment systems associated to the evolution of anthropic actions on the natural sources of water, as well as the periodic identification of new contaminating agents, brought the need to review the concepts of conventional water treatment. Current physicochemical operations may be insufficient to remove pollutants from most water bodies in Brazil and around the world [1]. In this context, membrane separation processes have consolidated as an emerging technology to replace conventional water treatment. A membrane can be defined as a barrier that acts selectively separating two or more phases, restricting partially or totally the transport of components between them under the application of an external force [2]. The great technological progress in the processing of ceramic materials allows obtaining membranes with strict control in the size and distribution of pores, increasing their selectivity. Based on pore size, the main membrane separation processes are microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO). All these processes use hydraulic pressure as the driving force to separate water from contaminating solid particles [3]. Two operating systems can be used in membrane filtration: cross-flow and dead-end filtration. In a typical cross-flow system, the flow runs parallel to the Preparation of low-cost ceramic membranes for microfiltration using sugarcane bagasse ash as a pore-forming agent


Herbert Marcuse called the preface to Hegel's "Phenomenology" "one of the greatest philosophical undertakings of all times." This summary of Hegel's system of philosophy is now available in English translation with commentary on facing pages. While remaining faithful to the author's meaning, the translator has removed many encumbrances inherent in Hegel's style. "[Kaufmann's] lengthy commentary is a minor masterpiece of concise and erudite interpretation. This is a welcome departure from the lazy habit of pretending that Hegel was an obscure pedant who left some quite readable lectures on the philosophy of history. . . . To grasp what Hegel was really trying to do, one has to confront his metaphysics, and thanks to Kaufmann this an now be done even by the philosophical novice." "The New York Review of Books""


In this paper,some things about membrane structure are described,including the classification,domestic and international project development,some important theoretical questions in the design,wind vibration research,and structure control and its application on membrane structure,etc.


Previous research has identified specific classroom practices that are associated with greater academic and self-regulation gains for students in prekindergarten (PreK) and kindergarten (K) classrooms. These practices include reducing time in transition, more time in sequential activities, more opportunities for associative and cooperative interactions, more math, teachers' using higher levels of instruction, positive classroom climate, and more teacher listening to children. This cross-sectional study aims to determine whether these specific classroom practices are associated with higher student engagement. A secondary goal was to examine whether economically disadvantaged (ED) students in more engaged classrooms scored higher on measures of math, language, and literacy. Researchers collected individual student assessment data in math, language, and literacy for a sample of 407 PreK and K students and conducted day-long observations in their classrooms. In addition to collecting behavioral count data on the focal classroom practices, observers rated students' engagement across the day. Results revealed that students who experienced more of the beneficial classroom practices also showed higher engagement. Covariate-adjusted standardized mean difference effect sizes showed the greatest differences for transition time, sequential activities, associative and cooperative interactions, teachers' listening, the amount of instruction, behavior approvals, and teacher tone, indicating that students experiencing more of these practices were more engaged than students experiencing fewer of these practices. To address our secondary goal of exploring between-group differences on assessments, we created groups based on ED status and engagement (operationalized using a median split for student engagement). While assessment scores were higher for non-ED students than ED students, regardless of their level of engagement, based on the literature researchers expected that ED students who were more engaged would have higher scores on assessments than their less engaged counterparts. Contrary to this hypothesis, there were few differences across groups. The largest positive effect sizes were for math and vocabulary. ED students with higher engagement had lower, not higher, scores on measures of literacy and passage comprehension. However, the magnitude of these effect sizes was small. Results provide preliminary evidence that these specific classroom practices are associated with greater student engagement.


BACKGROUND Signage is important for three reasons: (1) 1. It informs sers of dangers, safety issues and other relevant information. 2. It offers some protection to the land manager and venue operator from litigation because of the duty of care owed by the land manager to warn users of dangers, prohibitions and other safety information. 3. It provides an economical alternative to that of employing a person to stand at every access track into the reserve to inform people of the dangers.


Scanning SQUID microscopy (SSM) has been developed in some groups to achieve both of the good spatial resolution and quantitative accuracy for magnetic imaging. We have developed scanning SQUID probe microscope using a fine permalloy probe and a high Tc superconducting (HTS) SQUID. The microscope has two modes, a scanning tunneling microscope (STM)-SQUID mode for conductive materials and an atomic force microscope (AFM)-SQUID mode even for insulating ones. The submicron magnetic domains of ferromagnetic thin films, fine magnetic patterns of magnetic hard disk and magneto-optical disk, and so on were clearly observed. The STM-SQUID has achieved the imaging of surface morphology with nanometer scale and magnetic field with submicron scale simultaneously, whereas the AFM-SQUID can achieve the comparable performance to the STM-SQUID even in insulating samples. It indicates that the scanning SQUID probe microscope with STM and AFM has good performance to measure fine magnetic field distribution on both conductor and insulator samples.


Vaccines are considered one of the greatest achievements of biomedical science and public health, and immunization probably is the most cost-effective intervention against infectious diseases to date. Despite recent public concerns about vaccine safety, immunization is much safer than accepting the risks for the diseases these vaccines prevent. Although not all vaccines are equally effective, immunization has already enabled the eradication of smallpox. Other previously devastating diseases such as polio, neonatal tetanus and measles may soon also be eliminated by use of existing vaccines, assisted by international governmental commitment to immunization.

In this article practical aspects of immunization are discussed, providing the General Practitioner with comprehensive,
but easy to use reference. (SA Fam Pract 2003;45(9): 25-31 )


The dissertation is constructed from 4 parts of analysis. Firstly, proper case studies which make mention of geometrical analysis will be gathered and the methodology will be distilled from these tendencies. Secondly, the plan drawing will be analysed to demonstrate asymmetrical composition of the building from geometrical point of view. Thirdly, the main facade will be anatomized to explain the relationship between the design of facade and the city. Then, the south elevation of the building will be compared with the facade of traditional Scottish architecture, the Fyvie Castle. In the end part of analysis section, the east and the west facade design will [be] examined in order to define the transition in between two phases of construction.


Objective To observe the antilipemic effect and protective effect of vein of paeonol in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods 48male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal group( NC),model group( MC),low dose of paeonol group,middle dose of paeonol group,high dose of paeonol group and positive group( PC,simvastatin). The rats were fed high fat diet except control group. After feeding for 40 days and fasted for 12 hours,the rats were killed after the sample of portal vein were collected,then peel off the thoracic aorta to evaluate serum total cholesterol( TC),serum triglyceride( TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol( LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein( HDL-C) and level of nitric oxide( NO) in thoracic aorta,endothelial nitric oxide synthase( eNOS) activities in thoracic aorta. Results Compared with the normal group,the level of TC,TG,LDL-C in model group was increased,and level of NO and eNOS activities in model group were decreased. The levels of TC,TG,LDL-C in the treatment groups decreased,and levels of HDL-C,NO,eNOS activities were increased.Conclusion It demonstrated that the paeonol could effectively reduce lipid and certain dose-dependent and has a strong protective effect on vein in hyperlipidemic rats.


Objective:To study the infection stations of EBV and HHV-6 of Multiple myeloma patients in Hei Long Jiang, and to explore the etiology and mechanism.Method:The infection of EBV and HHV-6 of MM was detected by PCR. Every experiment had postive plasmid control and no template negative control and also were detected twenty-six normal persons.Result:The total infective rate of the virus in MM patients was 83.3%, the postive rate of the EBV was 50.0%, and the postive rate of EBV in normal control group was 3.8%. The postive rate of HHV-6 DNA in MM patients was 33.3%, and the postive rate of HHV-6 DNA of the normal control groop was zero. The comparision between MM patients and normal control group infected by EBV and HHV-6 has significant difference(P 0.01).Conclusion:The infection of EBV and HHV-6 in MM patients in Hei Long Jiang is postive in certain degree,but the incisive mechanism was not clear.


A 2D fully nonlinear NWT modeling wave propagation over arbitrary bottom topography is extended by the addition of a spilling breaker model, in which an absorbing surface pressure is speci ed over breaking wave crest areas. The instantaneous power dissipated for each breaking wave by the absorbing pressure is speci ed proportional to the dissipation in an inverted hydraulic jump of identical characteristics. These are obtained by applying a wave tracking algorithm to each calculated free surface. A maximum surface slope breaking criteria is used to identify breaking waves within the incident wave train. Computations for a periodic wave shoaling and breaking over a plane slope are compared to laboratory experiments. The agreement is quite good, although more work remains to be done in re ning the breaker


An attempt has been made in this article for effective solution of load frequency control (LFC) problem in an interconnected power system using a meta-heuristic optimization technique, called oppositional krill herd algorithm (OKHA). Krill herd algorithm (KHA) is simply mimics the life cycle of krill in an oceans and designed based on the solution of herding behavior of individual krill. A two-area multi-unit all hydro power plants equipped with a classical integral controller is considered for design and analysis. The interconnected hydro-hydro power plant is inherently an unstable system due the non-minimum phase characteristic of hydro turbine. Thus to retrieve the stability, different frequency stabilizers like superconducting magnetic energy storage, thyristor controlled phase shifter, and static synchronous series compensator in coordination with LFC are intended using OKHA paying integral square error based fitness function. Time domain simulation results obtained with OKHA are compared with original KHA and some recently published optimization schemes for the similar test system. Additionally, the robustness of the designed controller is validated by investigating the dynamic responses of test system with random load perturbation. Simulation results confirmed that OKHA outperforms other optimization techniques in terms of solution quality and computational efficiency.


The World Health Organization sets the birth weight as the best nutritional indicator in the first years of life. Many low birth weight children are accompanied in this period so that they do not suffer from growth deficit. But, how about the children born with insufficient weight? This study aims at verifying if the children with insufficient born weight reach the weight of those children with an adequate born weight in the first year of life. For this reason, a retrospective study was carried out in Maringa, Parana, in a Basic Health Unit of the Municipal Health Secretariat. Patient charts of children who were under complete 4 years old, non-twins and without congenital anomalies were included. The sample consisted of 89 patient charts, indenpending on the children's weight. By the charts, we could collect data on the children´s birth weight, their weight at twelve-month-old and the information on exclusive breast-feeding, bottle-feeding or mixed feeding. The results showed that from these children, 4.54% were underweight born; 36.36% were born with an insufficient weight; 31.81% were born with an adequate weight; and 27.27% were overweight born. Of the children born with an insufficient weight, 6.25% reached the overweight level with one year of life and 56.25%, could reach an adequate weight. However, 31.25% kept the insufficient weight in the first year of life and 6.25% became underweight children.


India has been loosing nearly 1.5 millions hectares of forest cover annually, which is a warning for increased desertification in the Indian subcontinent. Therefore, while there is a need to increase the acreage under forest cover, it is also necessary to manage intensively our forest resources for increased productivity by following various management practices, including protection from various biological agencies. Among the various such agencies, insects constitute an important single factor, which limit the forest productivity. Various methods were evolved for controlling the forest pests right from the very inception of forest Entomology branch. This paper discusses in details the pest management strategies followed so far and the role played by each method in controlling the forest pests. Future line of researches have been indicated laying greater emphasis of well coordinated integrated pest management through multi-disciplinary or trans-disciplinary approaches.


Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are one of the most innovative and adaptable fuel cell technologies. One of the most important niches that PEMFCs have a proven commercial market is in sensory devices. When configured for sensory operation the current produced in a fuel cell is proportional to how much fuel is passed through the device. Another important note is that hydrogen is not the only fuel that can power a fuel cell; ethanol is also commonly used. The current produced is directly related to the concentration of ethanol in the fuel. This type of sensing is most notably found in a breath alcohol sensor (BAS) commonly used for road side detection of impaired driving.


Background Several techniques for performing the sphenoethmoidectomy have been described. We present a safe, effective, and efficient technique. Objective We present text, images, and video to demonstrate our preferred technique for performing a sphenoethmoidectomy. Methods A description of the technique without prospective or retrospective data, whereby a Kerrison rongeur and microdebrider were used to perform a total sphenoethmoidectomy by skeletonizing the skull base and lamina papyracea. Results In our hands, the Kerrison rongeur and microdebrider allowed for a reliably safe and efficient sphenoethmoidectomy for chronic sinusitis with or without polyposis or skull base approaches. Conclusion The technique described can be added to the armamentarium of the endoscopic sinus surgeon.


Nowadays, the autonomous vehicle has undergone an impressive development, in which one of the most challenging tasks is to pursue high-precision and continuous navigation in complex scenarios. However, GNSS signals are very likely to be blocked and the inertial system suffers from error drift over time. To achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy, a tightly-coupled model is built via fusing visual, GNSS, and INS measurements, based on a priori visual feature map. The visual map is first generated by a visual mobile surveying system, and the quality of the map is improved by outlier elimination and road lane tracking. This visual feature map consists of two layers that involve 3D coordinates of robust visual features and road lane markings, then two GNSS/INS/Vision fusion models are developed. The first one fuses visual 2D-3D feature matching, GNSS, and INS measurement. The proposed system is effective even when satellites are all out of lock. The second one fuses lane line constraints with GNSS, INS, and distance measurement indicator (DMI). In the experiment part, we show how a visual feature map is generated and refined, then, the performance of the positioning algorithm is evaluated. For the first fusion model, we achieve 10 cm RMS accuracy when only one feature point was matched and all GNSS signals are blocked for 20 minutes. For the other fusion model, the system maintained 10 cm RMS accuracy or even better when a few GNSS satellites are out of lock for 300 seconds.


NORMAN SOLKOFF: Beginnings, Mass Murder, and Aftermath of the Holocaust: Where History and Psychology Intersect. Lanham, NY: Oxford University Press of America, 2001, 357 pp., ISBN 0-7618-2028-0. This compelling book was inspired by a collaborative teaching effort between a historian and a psychologist. The historian, William Sheridan Allen writes in the foreword: "I feel that the book should be an excellent resource for both college students and educated lay persons grappling with the major issues of the Holocaust." He is correct. His colleague, the psychologist Norman Solkoff, has written a masterful text filled with useful information concisely presented and eminently readable. Professor Solkoff offers commentary and insights from a psychological perspective that inform that complicated Jewish tragedy known as the Holocaust. The twelve chapters that comprise this book are cohesive and their organization is explained by the author (pp. 9-10). The chapter "Authoritarianism and Conformity" is an excellent review of studies relevant to human behavior, generally, but made explicit in the context of the history of Nazi Germany. The focus on the Holocaust enables Solkoff to illustrate how behavioral theories and dynamics manifested themselves in the behavior of Nazis, specifically, the German people, generally, and in the deep-- rooted anti-Semitism of most European countries. The first four chapters which include "Anti-Semitism" and "Aggression and Violence" provide the necessary background for a fascinating treatment of the succeeding discussion of "Genocide: Euthanasia in Nazi Germany," "Hitler," and "Leading Nazis." The chapter on anti-Semitism was particularly unsettling. Solkoff describes how anti-Semitism fulfills psychological needs of anti-Semites. His considered overview, including how the defense mechanisms of externalization, projection, and displacement are utilized to identify and denigrate a particular victim group, shows a frighteningly close relationship to modern-day antiSemitism now spreading through the Islamic world. The similarities to pre-World War II European anti-Semitism are inescapable. It is interesting that Solkoff appears comfortable with psychodynamic terminology in explaining anti-Semitism, yet frequently dismisses psychoanalytic theory. However, he does so correctly because psychoanalysis failed to adapt its potentially useful constructs to the requirements of describing survivor trauma and to the psychotherapeutic treatment of Holocaust survivors. It is, therefore, no surprise that Bruno Bettelheim attracts Solkoff's attention in "Surviving the Ghetto and Camps." Bettelheim's "analytic" observations as described in a 1943 article about his prewar incarceration in Dachau and Buchenwald, smeared every fellow prisoner with his biased interpretations, particularly that "camp inmates regressed to an earlier and childlike state" (p. 199). He asserted that it was every man for himself and ignored evidence that some inmates made heroic efforts to support one another. Bettelheim continued to pontificate on the coping behavior of camp inmates well into the 1970s, gradually obscuring the fact that he was not in death camps and contrary to eyewitness testimony from death-camp survivors like the authors Elie Wiesel and Primo Levi, and psychiatrists Viktor Frankl and Leo Eitinger. Regretfully, Solkoff is forced to return to Bettelheim again in his chapter on "Complicity and Resistance" because Bettelheim also spent his postwar years expounding on what Jews should have done to resist. Mostly, resistance proved the quickest path to a gruesome death and, of course, Bettelheim himself did not resist. As he wrote: "[S]urvival was largely a matter of luck, of managing not to be killed" (p. 201). And that was in a camp not yet committed to the murder of every inmate. Bettelheim's postwar Holocaust-related writings are of little value and have been discredited by a large number of far more credible survivors and authors, (Richard Pollak, Leo Eitinger, Ernst Federn to name but a few). …


We present the design and theory of a new parsing engine, YAKKER, capable of satisfying the many needs of modern programmers and modern data processing applications. In particular, our new parsing ...


A discussion is presented which gives an overview of the research and technological areas on nickel cadmium batteries at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Some of the topics covered include: goals; failure modes and mechanisms; factors of degradation and some possible solutions; energy density; and accomplishments for FY 77 and FY 78.


This paper investigates the isotope exchange of iodine in some aromatic iodine compounds in the presence of copper salts in various solvents at 76.5 degrees C. It was shown that monovalent copper is responsible for the catalysis during isotope exchange. The isotope exchange is due to intra-molecular coordination of the Cu/sup 1 +/ ion with a molecule of the aromatic iodine compounds. A scheme for the isotope exchange of iodine in iodarenes in the presence of copper salts, using the idea of a one-electron transfer and coordination action between the d/sup 10/ metals and the systems, is proposed and discussed.


'Just-in-time' database-driven web applications (DBWA) are inexpensive, quickly developed software that can be put to many uses within a healthcare organization. DBWA garnered 73,873 hits on our system-wide intranet in 2002. They enabled collaboration and communication via user-friendly web browser-based interfaces for both mission and patient care critical functions. Nineteen DBWA were developed The application categories that comprised 80 per cent of the hits were results reporting (27%), graduate medical education (26%), research (20%), and bed availability (8%). The mean number of hits per application was 3,888 (SD 5598; range 14-19,879). A model is described for 'just-in-time' DBWA development.


Nash equilibrium seeking problems for $N$-coalition noncooperative games are studied in this paper, where the players in the game possess second-order fully-actuated dynamics with disturbances and uncertainties. The players in one coalition focus on the minimization of the coalition cost instead of individual costs. Moreover, only measurements of the cost functions can be accessed in consideration that their explicit expressions cannot be available in complex application environments. An extremum seeking-based approach is proposed to estimate the gradients of the cost functions that are obtained by dynamic average consensus protocols. Sinusoid signals, required to have different frequencies, are used as perturbations in the strategy while the dynamic disturbances and uncertainties are compensated by introducing an extended state observer. Convergence results are proved via averaging and singular perturbation analysis. Then confrontation of two unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms in territory-defense scenario is introduced and tasks for UAVs are designed. Countermeasures for the UAVs are obtained by utilizing the Nash equilibrium seeking strategy in the two-coalition noncooperative game. Numerical examples are provided and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified.


The temperature dependence of ac susceptibility of 7 3 2 O Cu YBa − thin film was measured as a function of frequency and ac field amplitude in a field perpendicular to the film plane. We show that all measured ac susceptibility curves can be scaled into a single curve using the peak temperature ( p T ) of its imaginary part as the scaling parameter. The frequency effect on ac susceptibility was also measured. As the frequency increases, ( p T ) shifts to higher temperature. This effect can be interpreted in terms of flux creep. The temperature T, and field, ac H , dependence of the activation energy obtained from the Arrhenius plot for the frequency ( f ) and ( p T ) , can be described as 0.18 ac c 0 ac )H T/T (1 U T) , U(H − − = .


Based on Alain Ehrenberg's propositions about the present time, this paper studies the theoretical models for the analysis of contemporary suffering, comparing Janet's model of insufficiency and the Freudian model of conflict. More specifically, it compares the dimension of excess in Freud to that of insufficiency. For this purpose, we develop the notion of actual neurosis associated with the prevalence of the corporal dimension in the symptomatology of present-day psychoanalytical treatment, and the notion of fate neurosis which, associated with the death drive, presents a paradoxical movement of discharge and excess.


The Japanese Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) therapeutic guidelines recommend endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy for histological diagnosis. However, before 2010, this technique was only carried out at a minority of medical institutions in Japan. In the present study, we investigated the usefulness of mucosal cutting biopsy.


Abstract : This report contains a compilation of published reports dealing with assessment centers and assessment center research. The reports include general information articles, reports on the implementation of an assessment center, research studies to determine the best method of arriving at a single overall evaluation of managerial potential from assessment center data, and reports on validities of assessment center evaluations. Not included are the many related studies on individual assessment techniques; such as in-basket exercises or leaderless group discussions since they have been used independently of assessment centers. The general finding, in the reports described, is that assessment center evaluations are more predictive of future management success than the traditional evaluations based on supervisor's reports, paper-and-pencil tests, and interviews. (Author)


Comprises papers based on an international conference held at Imperial College, London, July 1989. Topics covered include neural networks, robotics, image understanding, parallel implementations of logic languages, and parallel implementation of Lisp. Many of the papers here detail use of the INMOS transputer, and the Communicating Process Architecture on which INMOS was founded. But the theme is application of parallelism in a general way, especially in artificial intelligence.


Virtual reality (VR) is a very powerful tool for educational programs. In this work, we present a VR prototype for educational purposes in the subject of human anatomy. Our application suggests the users assemble moldable elements of the human anatomy. It also tests their performance in this task by checking the correct anatomical connection between the provided pieces. In this proposal, we show a brief description of the elements in the system, with a special focus on the dynamic modeling of the vessels and their manipulation. J.J. Reyes1, J.M. Santana1, A. Trujillo1, M. Maynar2 and M.A. Rodriguez2 Imaging Technology Center (CTIM), ULPGC, Spain Chair of Medical Technology (CTM), ULPGC, Spain Cátedra de Tecnologías Médicas


Fish sauces prepared from sardine, Sardinops melanosticta were tested for inhibitory activity against angiotensin-I converting enzyme(ACE). Three kinds of fish sauces were prepared from scrap(S), meat(M) and round(R) of sardine, respectively. ACE inhibitory activity of sardine sauce S and R decreased with the elapse of fermentation period, whereas that of sardine sauce M increased to 30 days and thereafter decreased. ACE inhibitory activity of sardine sauce M fermented with koji was higher than that without koji. And occurrence of TCA soluble peptide-nitrogen was similar to tendancy of the ACE inhibitory activity. The ACE inhibitory activity increased with an increment of amounts added and was stable at heat treatment in boiling water bath for 5hrs. (Amounts of inhibitors need for inhibition) of the sardine sauce S, M and R fermented with(without) koji during 90 days was and , respectively. From the profiles of fractionation of the sardine sauce R fermented without koji for 90 days, the molecular weight of most active fraction was about 1,400 and the amino acids of Glu, Ala, Leu and Lys were found in abundance.


our questionnaire were based on Gabor ' s (2012) adaptation of the questionnaires applied by Rokeach (1968), Inglehart (2000), and Schwartz (1992), for Hungarian youth research, and speci fi ed for the democratic and civic competencies, expected to appear in history education according to the Hungarian National Core Curriculum, and also supplemented with a group of questions on values of democratic competencies, critical thinking, historical thinking, and active citizenship. The independent variables of this study, in case of the students, are sex, age, cultural capital of family (parents ' quali fi cations as well as talking about historical and public topics), economic situation of family ( fi nancial situation), the interpreting community role of peer friend communities made up of real people, and online user habits. In case of the teachers, the independent variables are sex, age, year of earning a degree, and participation in further trainings.


BACKGROUND
While arthroscopic surgery has many advantages over traditional surgery, this minimally invasive technique is not often applied to the hip joint. Two main reasons for this are the complexity of navigating within the joint and the difficulty of correctly placing portal incisions without damaging critical neurovascular structures. This paper proposes a computer-aided navigation system to address the challenges of arthroscopic hip surgery.

METHODS
Unlike conventional arthroscopic methods, our system uses a hyper-redundant encoder linkage to track surgical instruments, thus eliminating the occlusion and distortion problems associated with standard optical and electromagnetic tracking systems. The encoder linkage position information is used to generate a computer display of patient anatomy.

RESULTS
The tracking error from the encoder linkage was evaluated to be within an acceptable range for this tracking prototype, and the new computer-aided approach to arthroscopic hip surgery was applied to a prototype system for concept verification.

CONCLUSION
This navigation system for arthroscopic hip surgery can be used as a tool to address the challenges of joint navigation and portal placement in arthroscopic hip surgery by visually supplementing the limiting view from the arthroscope. The introduction of a tracking linkage shows significant potential as an alternative to other tracking systems. Positive feedback about the completed demo system was obtained from surgeons who perform arthroscopic procedures.


Extracting an understanding of the underlying system from high dimensional data is a growing problem in science. One primary challenge involves clustering the data points into classes with interpretable differences. A challenge in clustering high dimensional data is that multimodal signatures that define clusters may only be present in a small but unknown subspace. Discovering the subspace that defines clusters provides low dimensional representations of the data which capture cluster diversity, and provides greater understanding of the system by identifying the key underlying variables. Here, we define a class of problems in which linear separability of clusters is hidden in a low dimensional space. We propose an unsupervised model-free method to identify the subset of features that define a low dimensional subspace in which clustering can be conducted. This is achieved by averaging over discriminators trained on an ensemble of proposed cluster configurations. We then apply our method to single cell RNA-seq data from mouse gastrulation, and identify 27 key transcription factors (out of 409 total), 18 of which are known to define cell states through their expression levels. In this inferred subspace, we find clear signatures of known cell types that eluded classification prior to discovery of the correct low dimensional subspace. This method can be used as a wrapper for existing clustering algorithms to find low dimensional informative subspaces with multimodal signatures within high dimensional data.


Debris-flow volume is fundamental to mobility, yet many debris flows change volume as they travel. Growth can occur through diverse processes such as channel-bed entrainment, bank failures, aggregation of landslides, and coalescence of multiple flows. Integrating growth, either over upslope area or stream length, combines the effects of these growth processes and requires specification of only the growth zone extent and a growth factor. To delineate potential debris-flow inundation, we implement integrated growth factors and simple volume-area relations in a new USGS software package, Grfin Tools. We present two examples of forecasting debris-flow inundation – one using an area growth factor in Puerto Rico and another using a channel-length growth factor in Oregon, USA. The use of growth zones and growth factors enables scenario-based hazard assessments for geomorphic settings with debris-flow growth.


A full-scale partial borate autocausticizing trial has been running continuously and successfully since November 2002 at the Stora Enso Norrsundet mill in Sweden. The objective has been to off-load the lime kilns and reduce the amount of purchased lime and subsequent lime mud disposal costs. The total lime requirement has been reduced by about 7% while the autocausticizing level averaged around 9%-11% over this period. Overall, the presence of sodium borate in the liquors had little effect on the mill operations and the pulp properties and quality were unaffected. Results suggest that borates may enhance the pulp yield.


Recent observations indicated that immuosenescence is not accompanied by an unavoidable and progressive deterioration of the immune function,but is rather the result of a remodeling where some functions are reduced,others remain unchanged or even increased.The mechanisms that underlie these age-related changes are widely related to defect in the haematopoietic bone marrow and defects in the peripheral lymphocyte migration,maturation and proliferation,differentiation,induction and activation.Therefore,age-associated changes,in particular dysfunctions within immune system and lymphocyte have a strong clinical impact to elderlv.The aim of this review is to present an overview of the cellular and biochemical changes that have been implicated in the decline of central immune(including haematopoietic bone marrow,thymic tissue)and peripheral immune function(mainly lymphocytes and cytokines)with ageing in general.Improving our understanding of the aged immune system is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment programs which will facilitate healthy aging and improve the life quality of the elderly population.

Key words:
Immunosenescence; T lymphocyte; Age-related regulation


In recent years, the growing popularity of social media platforms has led to several interesting natural language processing (NLP) applications. However, these social media-based NLP applications are subject to different types of adversarial attacks due to the vulnerabilities of machine learning (ML) and NLP techniques. This work presents a new low-level adversarial attack recipe inspired by textual variations in online social media communication. These variations are generated to convey the message using out-of-vocabulary words based on visual and phonetic similarities of characters and words in the shortest possible form. The intuition of the proposed scheme is to generate adversarial examples influenced by human cognition in text generation on social media platforms while preserving human robustness in text understanding with the fewest possible perturbations. The intentional textual variations introduced by users in online communication motivate us to replicate such trends in attacking text to see the effects of such widely used textual variations on the deep learning classifiers. In this work, the four most commonly used textual variations are chosen to generate adversarial examples. Moreover, this article introduced a word importance ranking-based beam search algorithm as a searching method for the best possible perturbation selection. The effectiveness of the proposed adversarial attacks has been demonstrated on four benchmark datasets in an extensive experimental setup.


The present invention is to provide cellular telephone service for the pico cells within the building and is extended to provide cellular telephone service in from outside the building into the building macrocell apparatus and methods. A first set of transceivers to provide a macrocell cellular telephone service, a second set of transceivers to provide cellular telephone service to pico-cell. And is a combination of (a plurality of RF signals into a single RF signal) and a resolver (copy a single radio frequency signal into a plurality of copies of the same radio frequency signals) for connecting the two transceivers is common to the plurality of buildings antennas.


To identify and disseminate the organizational characteristics of "top performing" National Institute of Health (NIH) Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) institutions in regards to career development, using the number of new K awards received per year to rank institutions and comparing these with non‐CTSA institutions.


The European and Russian space agencies have announced they will delay the launch of ExoMars – their next mission to the red planet – from 2018 to 2020.


The purpose of this study was to study the Analysis of the Influence of Customer Relationship Management  (CRM) on Satisfaction and Its Impact on Customer Loyalty of PT. Raharja Duta Solusindo by measuring indicators that influence the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) variable, Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty. This research uses descriptive research design using survey methods. Sampling uses certain criteria where respondents have attended at least 1 training at PT. Raharja Duta Solusindo as a sampling technique. This study discusses using structural equation modeling (SEM) - Lisrel to discuss the significance of the relationship of the overall model and predetermined pathway. The findings show that the variable Customer Relationship Management (CRM) shows a positive and significant impact on Satisfaction, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty and customer satisfaction shows positive and significant impact on customer loyalty.


In the present paper we examine the control problem for a class of composite hybrid machines (CHMs) that consist of concurrent operation (employing synchronous composition) of elementary hybrid machines (EHMs), that allows both signal sharing and event synchronization. A controller can then be coupled with the plant by means of synchronous composition. We confine our attention to controllers that interact with the system only through event synchronization. We present an initial investigation of synthesis of liveness controllers for hybrid machines. To this end we define open hybrid machines as systems that can interact with the environment through event synchronization and can be therefor be "driven" to their marked configuration by user (controller). Liveness specifications must be associated with timing constraints. We may require that for a specified time limit, every run reach a marked configuration within that time limit. Alternatively, a more relaxed specification may be that, for some (unspecified) global time bound, every run of the system reach a marked configuration within that time bound. Finally, the least restrictive liveness requirement is that every run reach a marked configuration within a finite time limit (but we do not insist on the existence of a global time bound for all runs).


Bug triage processes are intended to assign bug reports to appropriate developers effectively, but they typically become bottlenecks in the development process—especially for large-scale software projects. Recently, several machine learning approaches, including deep learning-based approaches, have been proposed to recommend an appropriate developer automatically by learning past assignment patterns. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based bug triage technique using a convolutional neural network (CNN) with three different word representation techniques: Word to Vector (Word2Vec), Global Vector (GloVe), and Embeddings from Language Models (ELMo). Experiments were performed on datasets from well-known large-scale open-source projects, such as Eclipse and Mozilla, and top-k accuracy was measured as an evaluation metric. The experimental results suggest that the ELMo-based CNN approach performs best for the bug triage problem. GloVe-based CNN slightly outperforms Word2Vec-based CNN in many cases. Word2Vec-based CNN outperforms GloVe-based CNN when the number of samples per class in the dataset is high enough.


Sympathectomy for occlusive vascular disease has had a hard time.— de Takats The present status of sympathectomy in the treatment of arterial occlusive disease is unsettled. It is no longer the mainstay of operative treatment, as it was in 1952. 11 Neither is it merely an adjunctive procedure to be done routinely in combination with arterial reconstruction. 5,18 Its true role may defy scientific analysis 4 or it may be the treatment of choice for aged persons 19 or others unsuited for angioplasty. The position of lumbar ganglionectomy would be clearer if a true prediction regarding its effects could be made in a given patient. Despite the many clinical and laboratory methods of testing which have been used, no single examination emerges which reliably assesses preoperatively what the operation will accomplish. 6,16 Such estimation of sympathectomy results is neither impossible as suggested by Nelson and Trimble, 13 nor 90%


In this paper, we propose a new type of item in data streams, called simplex items. Simplex items have frequencies in consecutive p windows that can be approximated by a polynomial of degree at most k, where k = 0, 1, 2. These low-order representable simplex items have a wide range of potential applications. For example, when k = 1, we can leverage these items whose frequency has obvious linear increase or decrease to speed up the running time of a class of machine learning models and detect network attacks such as distributed denial-of-service (DDoS), etc. To find k-degree simplex items in real time, we propose a novel sketch, namely X-Sketch, to accurately record simplex items in a compact space. The key idea of X-Sketch is to effectively filter out non-simplex items with less memory overhead, and then monitor the remaining potential simplex items and keep those items with more consecutive windows. We conduct extensive experiments, and the experimental results show that the F1 Score of X-Sketch is on average 68.6%, 57.9%, and 42.2% higher than the baseline solution for k = 0, 1, 2, respectively. Finally, we also provide a case study that applies X-Sketch to "accelerate" the two machine learning models through end-to-end experiments. We have released our source code at GitHub.


In this study, the dynamic transmission mechanism between oil price shocks and Euro area financial stress index is investigated by implementing the TVP-VAR model. Accordingly, the data set of the study cover monthly WTI crude oil price, global oil production, the Kilian Index and a measure for financial stress for the Euro area (Composite Indicator of Systemic Stress, CISS) and range from 2000:09 to 2018:06. Empirical results of the study verify that, financial conditions worsen in response to positive oil price shocks. Additionally, the TVP-VAR model captures the dynamic nature of the structural shocks arisen from the global oil market to the Euro area financial conditions consistently and robustly.


Rationale: Distigmine bromide is a cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor used to treat dysuria due to a hypotonic bladder. We encountered a case of cholinergic crisis caused by distigmine bromide, which resulted in a rapid decrease in serum ChE levels, hypothermia, respiratory failure, and circulatory failure within a short period of time. Patient concerns: A 51-year-old man was admitted to a psychiatric hospital to treat behavioral disorders due to irritability and violent behavior. The patient was referred to our hospital for septic shock secondary to urinary tract infection and respiratory failure. He had not defecated for 5 days before visiting our hospital. He had moderate intellectual disability. Immediately after admission, he developed hand tremors and drooling. The airway was obstructed by drooling due to vomiting of yellow clear gastric juice. Diagnosis: The patient's high saliva volume, bradycardia, respiratory failure (54 breaths/min), constricted pupils (2.5/mm), poor oxygenation, and a history of oral medication were consistent with the diagnosis of cholinergic crisis due to distigmine bromide. Interventions: On admission, the patient was immediately intubated. He was treated with noradrenaline (0.1 µg/kg/min) to increase his blood pressure. He was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Since he had circulatory failure, vasopressin (approximately 1 U/h) was administered. Continuous intravenous atropine sulfate (0.6 mg/h) was also administered for high saliva volume. Outcomes: On the 8th ICU day, the patient's drooling and bradycardia improved. The patient was physically and mentally stable, and transferred to the referring hospital. Lessons: ChE levels and symptoms before onset may not be useful for the early detection and prevention of adverse effects of cholinergic crisis caused by distigmine bromide. In addition to known risks such as renal impairment and older age, constipation should be recognized and communicated as a risk factor.


In order to solve the SINS active vibration control, propose a kind of flexible plate used in SINS of intelligent structure matrix of active vibration control method. This method in establishing flexible sheet on the basis of dynamic model, value-based modal analysis of force to extract the necessary space model reduction mode, based on modal force of piezoelectric element determination criterion optimum allocation scheme, effectively reduced the number of sensors/driver and ensure that the optimal modal control. Using ANAYS software intelligent flexible sheet of dynamic response simulation, results show that this method is used to strap down inertial navigation system, the feasibility of active vibration control.


Epitaxial (100) TiC film deposition on Si (100) substrate by direct current magnetron reactive sputtering of a metallic Ti target with 3%–6% CH4 in Ar gas was investigated. X-ray diffraction and cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) reveal that epitaxial cubic TiC can be grown on the Si substrate by domain matching epitaxy in 5/4 ratio with the epitaxial relationship of TiC (100)[0 1 ¯ 1] // Si (100)[0 1 ¯ 1]. For sputtering with 3% and 4% CH4, the deposited films are found to consist of both TiC and metallic Ti phases. Increasing the CH4 flow ratio to 5% results in a deposited film completely consisting of TiC without metallic Ti phase. The crystallinity of the deposited TiC is also improved with increasing the CH4 ratio to 5%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the [C]/[Ti] atomic ratio in TiC is nearly close to 1 for growth with 5% CH4 flow ratio and above. The measured electrical resistivities of the deposited films also increase from 41 to 153 μΩ·cm with increasing the CH4 ratio from 3% to 6%. With film growth beyond 50 nm thickness, it is shown that some disoriented TiC grains are formed.


The computational modeling of the transition process characteristic of flows over swept wings is discussed. Specifically, the crossflow instability and crossflow/Tollmien-Schlichting wave interactions are analyzed through the numerical solution of the full three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations including unsteadiness, curvature, and sweep. This approach is chosen because of the complexity of the problem and because it appears that regular stability theory is insufficient to explain the discrepancies between experiments and between theory and experiment. The leading edge region of a swept wing will be considered in a three-dimensional spatial simulation with random disturbances as the initial conditions.


_ The lncldence for hemorrhage in non-oblltereted arte riovenous malformations (AVM) during the first two years following Gamma Knife (GK) surgery was compared to the calculated Incidence in untreated patients. There was a de crease in the inddence of hemorrhage as compared to the natural course. This difference was stattstlcally significant. The actual number of hemorrhages during the first two years was 49 in aseries cf 1604 patients. Additionally. 41 he morrhages occurred beyond the two years following treat ment over the entire follow up time span of up to 24 years. For the first two years the calculated lncldence was roughly two times higher than the observed incldence. This Impact on the natural history was detectable already within six months afte r the treatment for the malformations totally covered with at least 25 Gy. The relation between a high minimum and a high average dose on the one hand and a lower nsk for hemorrhage on the ot her hand was statistically siqnificant. low treatment doses and high age correlated to a higher rtsk. Netther hemorrheqe prlor to treatment nor time interval between presenting hemorrhage and treat ment seemed to influence the risk for post treatment hemor rhage. The risk for permanent neurological deficit or death due to AVM rupture during the latency period between the time of treatment and total nidus obliteration was less than 0.5 % for small AVM and 2-4% for larges ones during the first two years. Of the 24 patlents with sequelae following AVM ruptu re afte r treatment 14 died and 10 rernalned with neurological deficit of different degrees. However. all sur vivers were self sufficient.


Janet Elise Johnson and Jean C. Robinson, eds. Living Gender after Communism. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2007. 250 pp. $45.00, cloth.Living Gender after Communism is an ambitious collection of critical essays on the increasingly varied gendered landscapes of post-socialist countries. The volume grows out of a 2002 conference on "Placing Gender in Postcommunism" and compiles the research of promising young scholars based in Europe and Eurasia. It includes essays that span five disciplines produced by authors from seven different countries, and as such it is a valuable contribution to the literature on gender and postcommunism because it gives voice to those who have hitherto been relatively excluded from the North American- and Western European-dominated debates about the shifting contours of gender after the fall of the Berlin Wall.In the introductory chapter, Janet Elise Johnson and Jean C. Robinson lay out the theoretical framework for the volume by exploring the idea of "gender multiplication," a concept that is broad enough to encompass and link together the wide variety of arguments and perspectives included in the collection. The editors argue that the demise of the communist state "enabled the development of more and more various forms of gender (p. 1 )," and that although not all women have benefited from this change, the multiplication of gender ideologies available after 1 989 have expanded the possibilities for constructing personal identity in a way that may ultimately benefit individual men and women as they negotiate these changes for their own social, political and economic purposes. Johnson and Robinson argue that: "If this gender multiplication is accompanied by an increase in individual and collective agency, then the collapse of communism might also increase the opportunity for individuals or groups to negotiate gender in ways that sometimes can give them more options and choices in their lives (p. 3)." The editors are interested in exploring how "gender as an institution has changed (p. 5)," and this overarching question allows the volume's contributors to examine gender from their varied disciplinary perspectives - from art history to political science - while still addressing a central thematic core.Each of the chapters presents interesting and empirically rich evidence to elucidate this idea of gender multiplication. The book is divided into four sections: "Negotiating Gender," "Denying Gender," "Traditionalizing Gender" and "Negotiating Gender within Nationalisms." In the first section Tania Rands Lyon addresses the reality of relatively egalitarian family arrangements in post-Soviet Russia despite a proliferation of "housewife fantasies." Johnson also explores post- 1991 Russia and how domestic violence crisis centres in a Siberian city have successfully reframed the issue of violence so that it became one worthy of state intervention. In the second section, Anne-Marie Kramer explores public opinion polling and the abortion debate in Poland and Ewa Grigar investigates the representations of the female body in the works of women artists from Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The first chapter of the third section wonderfully illustrates the idea of "gender multiplication" in Svitlana Taraban's look at how Ukrainian internet brides mobilize gender tropes of "the perfect wife" in order to render themselves more attractive to potential husbands in the West. …


This study examined the nature and predictors of the spillover from nonwork domains to work. A sample of 110 men and women from a variety of business settings indicated how parenting, community work, and recreation affected work. They agreed more strongly with statements about positive nonwork-to-work spillover than with those about the negative side. Agreement with the statements was related to the kind of nonwork domain, domain qualities, and the sex of the individual. in general, domain involvement appeared to enhance both positive and negative sides of spillover, whereas domain satisfaction enhanced the positive hut reduced the negative. Surprisingly, women disagreed more strongly with statements about negative spillover than did men. These perceptions challenge the common view of domain relationships being conflict ridden and invite further attention to positive spillover, the ignored side of spillover.


A general framework is proposed for (auto)regression nonparametric estimation of recurrent time series in a class of Hilbert Markov processes with a Lipschitz conditional mean. This includes various nonstationarities by relaxing usual dependence assumptions as mixing or ergodicity, which are replaced with recurrence. The cornerstone of design-adaptation is a data-driven bandwidth choice based on an empirical bias variance tradeoff, giving rise to a random consistency rate for a uniform kernel estimator. The estimator converges with this random rate, which is the optimal minimax random rate over the considered class of recurrent time series. Extensions to general kernel estimators are investigated. For weak dependent time-series, the order of the random rate coincides with the deterministic minimax rate previously derived. New deterministic estimation rates are obtained for modified Box-Cox transformations of Random Walks.


Unresolved issues of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion include an extremely rapid pressure rise on the high load side and resultant knocking. Studies conducted to date have examined ways of expanding the region of stable HCCI combustion on the high load side such as by applying supercharging or recirculating exhaust gas (EGR). However, the effect of applying EGR gas to supercharged HCCI combustion and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood.

In this study, the effect of EGR gas components on HCCI combustion was investigated by conducting experiments in which external EGR gas was applied to supercharged HCCI combustion and also experiments in which nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were individually injected into the intake air pipe to simulate EGR gas components. In addition, HCCI combustion reactions were analyzed by conducting chemical kinetic simulations under the same conditions as those of the experiments.

The results revealed that the injection of either N2 or CO2 has the effect of retarding and moderating HCCI combustion. It was observed that CO2, which is a three-atom molecule, has an especially strong effect on moderating HCCI combustion compared with the result seen for N2.


Organization culture is a set of value,belief,attitude and conduct norm for special organization.University organization culture includes scholar culture,student culture and administrator culture.There are the altruistic and egoistic conflict of scholar culture,the general and specialized education conflict of student culture,and the effective and organizational goal conflict of administrator culture.Holding fast to the university core spirits,attaching to the full development of students and carrying out contingency administration are the effective ways for us to dispel the conflict of university organization culture and to integrate the multi-culture of university organization.


The textbook is structured on topics that are relevant in the practice of strategic management at modern enterprises of the hospitality industry and for the formation of professional competencies of students in the direction of "Service".
A wide range of theoretical issues, factual data and illustrative materials are presented, which reveal the nature and essential content of the strategy, strategic management, develop ideas about the organizational environment and methods of its qualified analysis, form skills of strategic planning, development, formalization, implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of the chosen strategy, taking into account the peculiarities of production in hotel and restaurant complexes. Each topic ends with a variety of tasks for self-examination and self-control of the quality of assimilation of the material.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For those who want to increase the level of knowledge and understanding of strategic management in the hotel and restaurant business, to develop practical skills of strategic analysis and planning.


Purpose
The recent decades have witnessed the rising frequency and severity of infectious diseases in the international context and their detrimental impacts on the corporate world as a result of growing interconnection among nations. This study aims to examine the effect of previous infectious diseases (H5N1, H1N1 and MERS) on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) among listed Chinese firms from 2006 to 2017.

Design/methodology/approach
Firm-level financial and CSR data of Chinese non-financial listed firms are from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research database. The data on corporate governance are collected from Bloomberg financial database. Three infectious diseases under examination are H5N1 (2006–2007), H1N1 (2009–2010) and MERS (2015–2016). This study uses the fixed-effect estimations to account for time-invariant differences among the firms in the sample.

Findings
The results reveal that Chinese firms disclose less CSR information during the time of public health crises, and this impact is more pronounced in small-sized and low-growth firms. Besides, the analysis suggests that Chinese firms are becoming more resilient to infectious diseases.

Research limitations/implications
The findings provide implications for corporate stakeholders to understand corporate policies under uncertainties and inform vulnerable businesses to develop an appropriate CSR strategy in preparation for future health calamities.

Originality/value
This study provides new insights into how businesses react to previous epidemics and pandemics at different scales other than the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, the findings shed light on the dynamic of firms' CSR engagement during and after the infectious outbreaks.


We used to treating Confucius as the establisher of Chinese philosophy from the time of Hu SM (胡適). This viewpoint, which denotes that Confucius is the first philosopher who can be engaged in independent thinking in the history of China however, creates difficult situation when we turn to probe into the problems of the origins of Chinese philosophy. The article offers another viewpoint and attempts to see Confucius as an interpreter of the culture of the Chou period (周代), in the meantime, it also tries to analyze how the thoughts of Confucius is formed.Basically, the formation process of Confuciu's thoughts can be understood when we follow the development of the ides of De (德), from its mythological denotation to the ethical denotation. There are three points which will be discussed in full length as follows:1. Before the West-Chou period (西周), De (德) is fully connected with the will of the Heaven.2. Before the period of Spring-Autumn (春秋), although the denotation of De (德) laid its emphasis on the Heaven's will, the ethical denotation had been immerged.3. During the late period of Spring-Autumn (春秋), De's (德) denotation drastically changed, moving from the field of religion to the field of ethics.


Each of ten isolates of Botrytis cinerea used in this study produced three kinds of macerating activities, which have been designated in this paper as M-I, M-II, and M-III. M-I and M-II were active on potato tubers and had respective pH optima at about 2.7 and 5.5. M-III, having a pH optimum near 4.5, degraded mitsumata inner barks but did not macerate potato tubers.Production of three macerating activities was found to be constitutive throughout all growth phases of mycelia. on cultures with some isolates, M-II ahd M-III disappeared when pH of the culture solution decreased to 2.5. This was attributed to inactivation of M-II and M-III at low pH.Isolate R-2, the most potent producer of macerating enzymes among the isolates used, produced on peptone-salts solutions a pectin esterase (opt. pH 5.0), endo-polymethyl-galacturonases (opt. pH 3.5 and 4.3), endo-polygalacturonases (opt. pH 4.3 and 5.5), exo-polygaiacturonases (opt. pH 4.3 and 5.5), and cellulases Cx (opt. pH 4.5 and 6.5). No trans-eliminase activity for pectin and pectic acid was detected in cultures on the solution either with or without pectin.Zone electrophoretic study indicated that M-I and M-II were composed of three and two components, respectively.A qualitative comparison of macerating and related enzyme activities described in the literature and in the present study was made.


Abstract : As the DoD continues to become software reliant, rigorous techniques to assure the correct behavior of programs are in great demand. Software model checking (SMC) is a promising candidate, but its scalability remains unsatisfactory. Recent years have seen the emergence of HPC technologies, e.g., multi-core processors and clusters. Yet, few software model checkers are designed to use this cheap and abundant computing power. A key reason is that model checking is at its core a graph search -- where the graph is the state-space of the model -- which is difficult to parallelize effectively (i.e., obtain reasonable speedups). The main challenge is to partition the search among the CPUs in a way that limits duplicated effort and communication bottlenecks. A promising approach is to start with a verification algorithm that maintains a worklist and to distribute elements of the worklist to different CPUs in a balanced manner. New elements are added to the worklist as a result of processing an existing element. For example, this strategy has been used successfully to parallelize the breadth-first-search in the SPIN model checker. This project will explore this strategy to parallelize the generalized PDR algorithm for software model checking. It belongs to TF1 due to its focus on formal verification.


For many years now the pumping of concrete containing Lytag lightweight coarse aggregate and natural sands has been successfully carried out. The many high-rise constructions in London using lightweight concrete are testimony to this. While using Lytag coarse aggregate gives significant weight savings in the concrete, further savings can be made if concrete with both coarse and fine Lytag aggregate were used.


The multi-server architecture authentication scheme enables users access to the multiple distributed servers with only one single registration procedure. It provides a scalable solution for repeated registration issue in multi-server environment. In this paper, we present a secure remote authentication scheme for multiple servers architecture with elliptic curves cryptosystem (ECC). The proposed scheme could resolve many grave flaws and provide message authenticity, while preserving user anonymity. In the security analysis, we prove the completeness of the proposal BAN-logic, which one of the important formal methods for evaluating information exchange protocols. Noticeable, our scheme also shows impressive efficiency and practicability comparing with other related schemes.


We present European VLBI Network (EVN) observations at 5 GHz of the candidate binary blackhole system SDSS J1536+0441. Both components, J1536+0441A and J1536+0441B, observed by the VLA at 8.5 GHz and separated by 0.97 arcsec are detected wi h high S/N, proving the presence of two compact AGNs with radio luminosity LR∼ 1040 erg s−1. From a comparison with published 8.5 & 22.5 GHz flux densities, we derive an estimate of he radio spectral index of the two radio sources. Both sources have flat or inverted radio sp ectrum. In particular, J1536+0441A has a rising spectrum up to ≃ 30 GHz, rest frame. Given the moderate brightness temperatu r derived from the flux and fitted size of J1536+0441A, we sugges t that thermal free-free emission from an X-ray-heated disc may be powering the radio emission in J1536+0441A.


In this paper, according to the comprehensive analysis of the data of well logging, drilling core and seismic, basin evolution and development of sequence has been discussed. From Eocene to Oligocene epoch, lake level two large scale upward-shallowing sedimentary cycles are formed by episode fault depression. 2 supersequence, 9 sequence have been recognized by unconformity in under Tertiary,Gunan-Fulin sag.


The ADVICE project will provide guidelines for the design of European vehicle classification and enforcement systems. These sub-systems form part of Electronic Fee Collection (EFC) systems being introduced across Europe to enable drivers to pay tolls without stopping. Considerable progress has been made on European standards for Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC). This has facilitated work on contractual agreements between operators. However, there are, as yet, no agreed common requirements for classification and enforcement systems and the available systems do not yet meet requirements for reliability and performance necessary to support multi-lane tolling. The ADVICE project will contribute to the development of new classification and enforcement systems and validate new technology on several sites. The project is based on the use of the CEN TC278 Dedicated Short Range Communications standards, while recognising that the results need to be acceptable to existing operators with operational systems which do not yet conform to these standards. The ADVICE project is supported by DGXIII of the European Commission, being part of the Transport Telematics Applications Programme (T-TAP). For the covering abstract see IRRD E102946.


In this paper we made the analysis of Peason's product moment correlation coefficients to know the correlation between local public servant's job satisfaction and its influence factors and did multiple regression analysis to know which factor has the greatest influence on local public servant's job satisfaction according to the class and the group and how is the difference of factor which have an influence on job satisfaction in the correlation analysis between job satisfation and five influential factors on job satisfaction (supervision, interpersonal relations. pay. work. promotion) which P. C. Smith etc. asserted. In such an aspect as mentioned above, if we summarize the results which we previously researched and analyzed briefly. they are as follows. First. the factor which appears to be most high in correlation with job satisfaction among five influence factors on job satisfaction was supervision and the factor which appears to be most low in correlation with job satisfaction was pay. Second. it seemed to be made some difference in the result which we enforced multiple regression analysis according to the whole sample. the class and group of local public servants in low position from six grade to nine grade.


We study the composition of the Galactic interstellar medium (ISM) toward the Galactic center region (5° < |l| < 20°) by utilizing X-ray absorption features of three bright low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), GX 13+1, GX 5-1, and GX 340+0, observed with the Chandra HETGS. We detect X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) of the Si K edge, characterized by a narrow and a broad absorption feature at 1846 and ≈1865 eV, respectively. Comparison with ground experimental data indicates that most of the ISM Si exists in the form of silicates, although a composition of "pure" forsterite is ruled out. The XAFS spectra of the sulfur K edge indicate that a significant fraction of S exists in the gas phase. From each source, we derive the column densities of Mg, S, Si, and Fe from the K-edge depth and that of O (or H) from the absorption of the continuum. The elemental abundance ratios are found to be consistent between the three targets: the mean values of O/Si, Mg/Si, S/Si, and Fe/Si are determined to be 0.63 ± 0.17, 1.14 ± 0.13, 1.03 ± 0.12, and 0.97 ± 0.31 solar, respectively (90% error in the mean value). We discuss the origins of the overabundances of the heavy metals relative to O in the Galactic ISM by comparison with the abundance pattern of the intracluster medium in clusters of galaxies. Assuming that most of the Mg and Si atoms are depleted into silicates of either the proxine or olivine family, we estimate that the number ratio of Mg to Fe in olivine is ≳1.2 and that 15%-37% of the total O atoms in the ISM must be contained in silicate grains.


This paper presents a series of paradigms used to analyze the behavior of human subjects in a state of discomfort / postural comfort. Most of the time, the state of discomfort / comfort is perceived as a form of bi-behavioral manifestation that can sometimes end without leaving transient or permanent traces. Therefore, it is necessary to identify those forms of behavior of human subjects, through all their components and to quantify the level of discomfort / postural comfort useful and personalized. Thus, in the first part of the paper are presented a series of general aspects related to the behavior of the human body in different states, aspects from which can result a shape of a template or the so-called postural imprint. In the second part of the paper are analyzed these new paradigms approached in the studies of postural biomechanics in order to identify the component elements of a complete and complex variant of behavioral evaluation. The third part of the paper proposes a study model for people with visual disabilities who are important to ensure postural comfort, especially while traveling. In the final part of the paper are presented the conclusions and important aspects related to the proposed model.


The objective of this research is to characterize the solid waste, commonly known as sludge, from the water treatment industry. Six main water treatment plants (Alto do Ceu, Botafogo, Caixa d'agua, Gurjau, Suape and Tapacura) were selected from the Metropolitan Region of Recife, managed by Companhia Pernambucana de Saneamento. Nine samples were collected in the eleven month period in the discharge of the sludge from the decanters. These samples were characterized physico-chemically, based on the methodology of the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2012). The results indicated average humidity of 93%, average COD around 30 g/L and BOD of 4.5 g/L, indicating sludge of low biodegradability. The average values of total solids were 72 g/L, with 75% corresponding to fixed residues and 25% to volatiles. High concentrations of aluminum (1000 mg/L) were observed, due to the use of aluminum sulphate as a coagulant, and iron, around 500 mg/L. This study assists the manager in the decision making of the sustainable management of the sludge, mainly in relation to the final disposal.


When the search result data for the query entered by the user to be displayed on the display unit, the search results are sorted data into a plurality of categories based on the content type, and the exposure order of the sorted plurality of categories and / or exposure of each category determined on the basis of the number of search results in association with the content currently displayed on the display unit, and a display device, a display system, and method for providing the search results to display the search results of respective categories is disclosed in accordance with the determined result. The display apparatus includes a display unit for displaying the image; And a communication unit communicating with the server; A user input unit for receiving an input of a user; Transmitting the search query input through the user input to the server via the communication unit, and classifies the retrieval result data for a search query received from the server into a plurality of categories based on the content type, and a control unit for displaying on the display unit, a control unit, It is characterized in that the decision on the basis of the number of exposure of the exposure sequence and / or each category of the plurality of categories of classification in association with the search results can be displayed on this display unit.


Brazil has regions located at the largest dairy production and milk derivate industry concentration, supplying the major consumer markets, represented by São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte Cities. The milk is the most important product of Brazilian agriculture, because it is always presents in daily diet. The aim of this research was evaluating the occurrence of mycotoxins in the feed of dairy cattle and the occurrence of AFM1 in milk under field conditions in farms from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The results revealed that, total fungal counts was found in 67% of feed samples which exceeded the recommended limit recommended (1×104 UFC.g-1) and the incidence of AFM1 in all milk samples was 26.7% at concentrations ranging from 0.010 to 1.500 μg.L-1. The study revealed toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins were present in feed intended for bovine feeding in Rio de Janeiro farms. Evaluations of mycotoxin levels are important to provide information so that the assessments of risk for animal feed and livestock environment can be done.


Kingston Communications' local Hull area network currently serves some 200,000 customers. The Group recently completed a #4m investment programme including the installation of ATM switching-to enable the network to support ADSL services. Kingston Communications Limited launched ATM services to its residential and small business customers over ADSL from 1 December 1998 initially on a trial basis. A number of services are envisaged, however the initial services to be offered will be fast Internet and home working. Video delivery, home shopping and banking, plus entertainment services will be offered in the second phase of rollout, which is anticipated will start from April 1999 onward. This technology and service deployment has taken place as the result of a period of extensive operational and commercial trial.


The wind-induced response of tall buildings is usually dominated by dynamic crosswind loading. Currently, for design of tall buildings, analysis of structural behavior and building response under wind loading is linear. In this paper, a simple bilinear aeroelastic model was designed and constructed for wind tunnel testing of tall buildings. The proposed aeroelastic model is composed of a rigid model on a variable stiffness base sway flexure which can achieve reduced stiffness and increased damping properties at ultimate wind conditions. The Wall of Wind facility at Florida International University will be used in future to generate extreme winds so that the model can be tested in ultimate load conditions. From this pilot study, a better understanding of the non-linear behavior of a tall building in ultimate load conditions can be obtained. This could affect the way tall buildings are designed for wind in future.


These notes are based on a talk given the Intercity seminar of Winter 2022 on "Condensed Mathematics", which follow [Schb]. The aim of the talk it to motivate the use of solid abelian groups in developing a six-functor formalism for quasicoherent sheaves


The measurement of the exclusive light hadron decays of the ψ″ in e+e- experiments with significant interference between the ψ″ and continuum amplitudes is discussed. The radiative correction and the Monte Carlo simulation are studied. It is possible to verify the destructive interference for the detectors with energy–momentum resolution of (1~2)%.


The pandemic has changed the way manufacturers use their ERP systems, with new ways of working putting new demands on software


Since the proclamation nearly half a century ago of the existence of a poetic "Generation of 1927," contemporary critical discourse has been strongly oriented toward the idea that this poetry evinces a similarity of aesthetic purpose, a fundamental sameness further exhibited by these poets' nonparticipation in the principal develop ments of European modernism. This critical line originates in D?maso Alonso's seminal essay of 1948, "Una generaci?n po?tica (1920-36)," which borrows the criteria for the literary generation as a model for literary historiography from Pedro Salinas's earlier com mentary in Poes?a espa?ola: Siglo XX on the ideas of the German critic Julius Petersen. For Alonso, "esos escritores no formaban un mero grupo, sino que en ellos se daban las condiciones m?nimas de lo que entiendo por generaci?n: coetaneidad, compa?erismo, inter cambio, recepci?n similar ante excitantes externos" (667). Alonso uses the generational concept, however, to make the stronger claim of disavowing Spanish participation altogether in European modernism:


In this work, the degree of deterioration of the structure (G d ) of the bridge located within the campus of the Federal University of Santa Maria was carried out, using the GDE/UnB methodology. The occurrence of pathological manifestations in the structural elements and their degree of intensity were evaluated during the visual inspection of the bridge, enabling the determination of G d equal to 75.90, which is equivalent to a high level of deterioration, being recommended the performance of a specialized inspection and the planning of an intervention within 1 year. The GDE/UnB methodology proved to be effective in defining the order of priority of interventions in the structure, thus, based on the results obtained, a list of necessary interventions on the bridge was proposed.


Provides an outline of videoconferencing and what this system has to offer training providers, students and employers. Outlines the modern aspects which have become commonplace in videoconferencing; e.g. public digital telephone network. Highlights the facts that: a basic system can be bought for £12,000; no specialist knowledge is needed; and videoconferencing capabilities have been introduced into desktop computers. Suggests students learn better when taught over the video system; therefore its use could be incorporated in the classroom. A penultimate point claims videoconferencing makes financial sense owing to less travel time and no accommodation expenses.


The writing and the reception about series of novels have both general and some special characteristics. This paper does a case study of two aspects in A trilogy of Damoby Xue Mo,a famous western writer. The inducement includes irrevocable creative inertia and creative passion,awareness of writing improvements and further exploration,and mechanisms of market,payment and readers' incentive. The reception confusion mainly embodies intensely comparative feelings,the aesthetic fatigue in repeated reading,the instinctive consciousness for breakthrough and its too high expectation.


This study deals with an assessment of the visual quality of landscapes, and specifically with the perception of selected elements in the landscape. The aim of the study was to find out how particular elements are perceived in various landscape types, whether this perception is affected by the landscape type in which the elements are placed, and to what extent the respondents' characteristics affect the assessment. The study was carried out with a sample of respondents of various ages, educational levels and types of employment. The respondents came from Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The preferences of the respondents were determined using an online questionnaire, in which they rated landscape photographs on a 21 point rating scale with a range from −10 to +10 points. Using generalised linear mixed effect models, it was found that the perception of an element is most affected by the landscape type, since the same element was assessed differently according to the landscape in which it was situated. The results confirmed that selected elements which do not disturb the harmony of the landscape are generally positively perceived, and the selected elements of a technical character are generally negatively perceived. Among the characteristics of the respondents, only gender and the respondent's current place of residence have an effect on their visual preferences.


Interdisciplinary problem solving and research skills require early preparation in two categories: critical thinking and communication. This chapter reviews the two-year process of interdisciplinary curriculum development, shaped by collaboration between the New York City Department of Education, the New York City College of Technology of the City University of New York, and City Polytechnic High School of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology. The resulting course, "Inter-Academy Integrated Projects" (IP), emphasizes multidisciplinary problem solving that includes creativity, observation, research, visual and discursive communication, and reflection. The collaborative lessons make use of project-based methodology and emphasize social responsibility. Core skills are combined across the two trimesters of IP. This endeavor will be contrasted and compared to the work of the Partnership for the 21st Century Skills by examining the use of high-impact learning practices, feedback from students and teachers, and the issues surrounding the implementation of any new curriculum. ORGANIZATION BACKGROUND City Polytechnic High School (City Poly) of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology is one of four State-approved Career and Technical Education (CTE) demonstration sites in New York City and has been named as one of 10 schools in New York City Chancellor Joel Klein's 21st Century Schools Initiative. The unique format of this CTE school is a 3 + 2 program in which students complete a full 4 years of high school learning in a three-year period followed by two additional years of college-level work at New York City College of Technology (City Tech). Successful candidates would then earn an Associate's degree. Paul C. King New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, USA


It is shown that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom in a semi‐infinite space limited by a conical boundary, with the nucleus at the vertex, has an exact solution in spherical coordinates. The limit in which the conical boundary becomes a tight sheath around its own axis corresponds to a ''one‐dimensional'' hydrogen atom with an infinitely degenerate ground state at the ionization threshold. This model of an atom in a semi‐infinite space includes as a special case the pioneering plane‐nodal‐wave‐function model used by Levine in 1965 to describe an isolated donor atom on the surface of a semiconductor.


Hilbert transform has been recognized as a very important method in circuit theory, communications and control science. Its sampled derivations have been encountered in different applications from science and engineering. In this paper, the gain-phase relationships are evaluated using Gaussian quadrature. First we recall the Hilbert transform and a part of the theoretical background of the Gaussian quadrature approach. The approximation of the Hilbert transform with Gaussian quadrature is described and examples of gain-phase relationships are presented. Finally we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of this Gaussian approach.


The article suggests returning to the "crowd" as an object of sociological analysis. Crowds have attracted early sociologists because crowds were visual embodiments of social forces that surpass individuals and also served as a symbol of the profound social transformations which were taking place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Analyzing crowds allowed for the first sociologists (G. Simmel, R. Park, M. Weber, E. Durkheim) to oppose the psychological interpretation of mass social phenomena with a purely sociological approach. However, in the second half of the 20th century sociologists had lost almost all interest in the crowd, as it did not meet the interests of researchers of "large" social structures, nor the interests of the proponents of interactionist approaches. This article shows that the crowd can again be made interesting for sociology if we were to consider it from the point of view of the everyday practices of the participants. In these everyday practices a specific form of phronesis, i.e. practical wisdom, technical skill coupled with moral judgment about which action is good and which is not, is implemented. It is shown here that the study of the practical wisdom of walking in a crowd requires special concepts and methods that can be found in phenomenology and ethnomethodology. The article suggests using three such concepts for the analysis of crowds: phenomenal field, oriented object, and figuration of details. With the help of these concepts, the methods of the crowd's situated social order production are analyzed in relation to the management of speed and trajectories of movement, following one another, walkers' stopping and slowing down, and joining the crowd. This analysis shows that the joint production of the crowd's social order by its participants is a situated practice, i.e. it consists of making the local scenes of everyday life familiar and accountable, and of assessing the local adequacy of the actions performed.


A 58-year-old male patient was admitted in January 1992 for a trauma of left eyelids caused by iron slag over 17 days.On examination he exhibited erythema, swelling, festering, necrosis, crust and deep ulcer involving subcutaneous and muscular layers of his lids, left temple and nose, A large amount of fungal hyphae were found on direct microscopy and histopathological examination.Same strain, CZ9213, grew on mycological culture medium for & times.The strain was identified as Fusarium solani (Mart) Sacc.by morphological characteristics, physiological features, and animal experimentation.The patient was cured by fluconazole in combination with 5-flucytosine.

Key words:
Pyoderma gangrenosum; Fusarium; Fluconazole; Flucytosine


Constructing a new building or any other civil engineering project from scratch is a challenge for the construction industry as novelty designs may be produced by designers but they are often constructed by low skilled labor on site. The unique and sometimes complex nature of the construction sector arises because a large number of different professional groups have different interests and requirements, which often conflict with one another. In principle, each construction company aims to construct a project without any defects from the very first activity on site right up to final completion. This aim is almost impossible to achieve throughout the entire construction duration because of many factors, including: low skilled labor, difficult site conditions, and incomplete designs, varying quality cultures in each company, poor communication and poor management. Therefore, construction defects are things which we can assume to have occurred on the site. Defects occurring during the construction process are sometimes costly and preventable mistakes. Research has shown that correcting defective components that are identified late in the construction process or during the maintenance period accounts for approximately 15% of the total construction costs. This paper presents a case study of the defects that occurred during a motorway construction project as a consequence of poor workmanship by an untrained workforce and it aims to raise awareness of the need for on-the-job training for quality managers in order to minimize defective works and reduce the project costs spent on correcting them. It also identifies the various factors that cause construction defects and suggests measures that can be taken to reduce them.


Abstract One of the most promising applications of low-earth orbit satellite systems is remote monitoring and control systems for unattended objects located in the Far North. Therewith, there is a tendency to increase the groupings of such satellites. Therefore, ensuring the information secrecy of the low-earth orbit satellite becomes an important task. To prevent the intruder satellite from imposing a previously captured and delayed control command, it is proposed to use the "friend-foe" system for satellites, which uses a zero-knowledge authentication algorithm. It is necessary to increase the speed of the satellite authentication process to reduce the probability of a response signal being picked up. To do this, it is proposed to use modular codes (MC), which can simultaneously perform the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication. As a result, the probability of picking up the signal of the responder located onboard the satellite is reduced. In addition, the MC can correct multi-bit errors within a single remainder in the presence of two redundant bases. Therefore, the development of an algorithm for correcting errors arising in the process of satellite authentication caused by failures, and interference in the communication channel is an urgent task. The work aims to increase the information secrecy of the low-earth orbit satellite by using the developed authentication algorithm, which has a minimum time for determining the satellite status, as well as an algorithm for correcting errors that occur during the operation of the satellite identification system and data transmission, implemented using a single algebraic system – parallel modular codes.


The article deals with the features of learner-centered educational technology at the university focused on the effective management of learning and educational process. This technology is based on varied forms of pedagogical influence, diagnosis and self-diagnosis of levels of students' professional training and it involves forming and updating pedagogical skills of the students' as active subjects of educational process and the following continuous self-development.


Purpose: Presentation of the possibilities of application of a new manufacturing method, called wedge rolls rolling (WRR) in forming of axi – symmetrical hollowed parts. Design/methodology/approach: The research work was done in a specially designed laboratory rolling mill LUW-2. During the research, hollowed parts from steel were rolled in hot forming conditions. Basic kinematical and force parameters of the process were noticed during rolling. Findings: On the basis of the conducted research it was stated that the WRR method could be used for forming of hollowed parts with the precision compared with the precision obtained in the typical cross wedge rolling processes (CWR). At the same time, it was proved that this method could be used for rolling from billets with the wall thinner than the wall given in the CWR. Research limitations/implications: The research were limited to the wedges with spreading angles within range of β = (5° ÷ 9°), with the constant values of forming angle α = 30° and relative reduction ratio δ = 1.45. In the future, it is planned to analyse the influence of changes of angle α and relative reduction ratio δ on the WRR process. Practical implications: The conducted research can be used for designing of a new industrial method of metal forming of hollowed parts. Originality/value: The innovation of this solution is based on the application of only one wedge for forming. Because of that, the WRR method is cheaper for implementation than used so far CWR processes. This method can be applied mainly in automotive and aviation industries.