This paper investigates the modernization of antenna characteristics using a hyperbolic lens in the centimeter frequency range. This design allows you to improve the characteristics of the field, reduce the distance to the quiet zone. The lens parameters were optimized and the characteristics of the field areas behind the lens were numerically investigated. The lens with the calculated parameters was printed on a 3D printer. Experiments were carried out to measure the near field of the antenna with and without a lens using a 2D scanner. It is shown that the use of lenses narrows the main loop of the radiation pattern. This antenna-lens system can be used to measure the parameters of various materials, reducing the influence of diffraction effects.


Students in secondary schools can choose their careers based on a variety of variables. Due to their tough lifestyle and the pain they endured, Nigerian farmers want their children to pursue careers in industries other than agriculture. As a result, agriculture is one of the professions chosen by students in Nigerian colleges least frequently. This necessitates thoughtful consideration. In light of the aforementioned assertions, this study looks into the social factors that influence secondary school students' decisions to pursue careers in agriculture as well as the challenges they face. The conceptual framework was a synthesis of social learning and social cognitive theories. The study's design was a survey. A simple random and purposive procedure was used in a two-stage sampling method to determine the sample size of 250. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study, and descriptive and chi-square test statistics were used to examine the quantitative data at a 5% level of significance. From the result, a common belief is that individuals are uninformed of the possible employment opportunities available in fields related to agriculture. The result also shows; the career advice curriculum needs to be reviewed to take into account the elements that affect students' decisions to pursue a career in agriculture in schools. There has to be a paradigm shift such that career guidance about the advantages of choosing agriculture as a career is given to students by both the class teachers and the career guidance counsellor.


e14577 Background: Social media (SM) could transform how individuals learn of clinical trials. In an ongoing, single-center cohort study to collect serial biospecimens and clinical data from high-risk individuals (HRIs) for pancreatic cancer (PC), we explored how HRIs learned of the study, surveyed relevant SM posts and compared those referred by SM vs. other means. Methods: Initial recruitment focused on HRIs with familial risk for PC. Referral method was self-reported. We identified relevant SM posts and compared those referred via SM vs. other means by ANOVA and t-test. Investigators did not create SM content but were featured in a relevant local news clip, institutional blog post and Project Purple podcast; study-related media was IRB-approved. Results: We enrolled 91 HRIs between Aug 2018 and Jan 2019. Over half self-referred; 55.0% of self-referrals came from SM. We identified 16 unique SM posts, all to Facebook. Authors were 2 administrators for local hereditary cancer organizations, Project Purple, UNMC and 2 study subjects (9,4, 3 and 2 posts). Content included links to a podcast, clinicaltrials.gov, local news story, blog post, live chat and anecdotes from subjects. Nine posts shared study contact information or clinicaltrials.gov link. The mean age of those referred via SM was younger than for other methods (mean 49.2 vs. 53.4y) but was not statistically significant (p = 0.19). SM was more likely to recruit HRIs with familial risk than other methods (100.0% vs. 76.3%; p < 0.01) Conclusions: SM effectively recruited HRIs with familial risk for PC; this group may be more likely to seek information online. Individuals may find studies via SM without investigator involvement. SM may be an effective tool to recruit HRIs to early detection research in PC and other conditions. Clinical trial information: NCT03568630. [Table: see text]


A study of the meson-baryon interaction in the $S=-1$ sector is performed, employing a chiral SU(3) lagrangian up to next-to-leading order (NLO) and implementing unitarization in coupled channels. The model is constrained by a large set of experimental data, paying a especial attention to processes that are sensitive to the NLO contributions, such as the $K^- p\to K^+\Xi^-, K^0\Xi^0$ reactions. The consideration of additional cross sections in single isospin channels, $K^-p\to \eta\Lambda, \eta\Sigma$, has been found to provide more homogeneous and reliable values of the low-energy constants, the stability of which has also been tested by the inclusion of explicit resonant terms. Predictions for new isospin filtering processes, like the $I=1$ $K^0_L p \to K^+ \Xi^0$ reaction that could be measured at the proposed secondary $K^0_L$ beam at Jlab, or the weak decay of the $\Lambda_b$ into a $J/\Psi$ and different meson-baryon pairs in $I=0$, available at LHCb, are presented. The measurement of such reactions would put valuable constraints on the chiral models describing the $S=-1$ meson-baryon interaction.


Filler's presence in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) is even though minimal but they do affect its durability characteristics. Many natural and waste materials in the form of fillers have been studied for their effectiveness on HMA mix design and performance characteristics. However, in practice, stone dust (SD) is the preferred filler due to its abundance, ease of availability, and cost-effectiveness. Thus, the major objective of this study was to investigate the effect of locally available materials: stone dust (SD)- natural, hydrated lime (HL) – processed, rice-husk ash (RHA) and fly-ash (FHA)-waste materials on HMA properties based on the factors such as availability, field utilization, cost, and sustainability, while at the same time identify the anomalies of those selected fillers on HMA mix if any. A viscosity grade (VG-30) binder was selected and checked for its fundamental consistency characteristics set forth in Indian standards. In this study, aggregate gradation structure specified as bituminous concrete grading 1 (BC1) in India was designed for the preparation and evaluation of four HMA mixes: (a) BC1 with SD (BC1-SD), (b) BC1 with RHA (BC1-RHA), (c) BC1 with FA (BC1-FA), and d) BC1 with HL (BC1-HL). Fillers: RHA, FA, and HL were studied for their physico-chemical properties. The most recommended filler dosage of 4% by weight of mix was selected and kept uniform for the various BC1 mixes. Marshall method of mix design was performed to identify the optimum asphalt content (OAC) of four different BC1 mixes. The test results of methylene blue value (MBV), german filler value (GFV), and fineness modulus (FM) indicated that RHA includes more micron-to-nano sized particles than the other two fillers (HL and FA). The scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray results showed that the RHA and FA exhibited similar chemical composition, while HL was identified to be a calcium-based compound. The BC1-RHA mix resulted in non-cohesive mix for the binder content ranging from 4.5 to 6.5%. Additionally, for the binder contents in the range of 7 to 9% the BC1-RHA compacted samples failed to yield air voids of 4% required to arrive at the OAC. The BC1- FA mix showed the highest Marshall stability (26.97 KN) followed by BC1-HL (23.97 kN), and BC1-SD (17.9 kN). Also, retained stability test results of all the three different mixes were in close proximity to each other indicative of the affinity of the fillers to asphalt. The resistance to moisture susceptibility results indicated that HL is the better anti-stripping element followed by FA, and SD. Among the three different filler-based BC1 mixes, BC1-HL mix was adjudged as an effective moisture resistant mix followed by BC1-FA, and BC1-SD. However, a single filler that not only tends to improve the various performance parameters of the mix but be available in abundance and cost-effective is yet to be explored.


The problem of modern society is that it does not integrate its members into functional
systems as a collectivity of individuals with a sense of community and interdependence, but
makes them a group of consumers who want to achieve success on their own and for their
own benefits. However, not everyone is able to achieve the desired goal. As a result, we have
social inequalities that significantly affect relationships and social processes.
For many years, economists and sociologists have pointed to the fact that economic
success does not necessarily translate into welfare (or quality of life) of societies. They even
talk about the "breakdown of society" phenomenon, i.e., an increase in antisocial behaviour
and a loss of a sense of community. In the current social reality, we can identify many examples
of the fact that their fears are justified. All this makes the need for educational measures to
stop or even reverse these phenomena threatening social cohesion seem reasonable.


For {ital in} {ital situ} observation in a 1 MeV TEM Co{endash}Ge liquid alloy ion sources (LAISs) were mounted to a special specimen holder revealing the formation of the field-stabilized Co{endash}Ge liquid alloy cone, the change in the tip shape as a function of the ion emission current, spatial shifts of the liquid alloy cone, and microdroplet emission from Co{endash}Ge LAISs. This has facilitated the better understanding of the ion and microdroplet emission process from Co{endash}Ge LAISs in a large range of ion current. Below the onset voltage the shape of the tip covered with the liquid Co{endash}Ge alloy is spherical. At the onset voltage the Taylor cone is formed. A jetlike protrusion at the cone vertex may or may not exist. At higher ion emission currents there is a jetlike protrusion at the Taylor cone vertex. The cone half-angle {alpha} decreases and the jet length {ital l} increases with increasing emission current {ital I}{sub {ital e}}. Linear dependences of {alpha} and {ital l} on {ital I}{sub {ital e}} are found. Emission of microdroplets is observed at the shanks behind the Taylor cone. The radius of microdroplets varied between 0.035 and 10 {mu}m. These microdroplets are emitted in time intervalsmore » of about 0.1 s and more. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Vacuum Society}« less


This paper compares empirical type I error and power of different tests that have been proposed to assess the homogeneity of within-group variances. The main questions answered in the paper are:
(1) Which tests are most effective (powerful and robust) when testing the homogeneity of variances in various conditions of heterogeneity, and
(2) When these conditions exist, do any of the tests of homogeneity of variance prove more effective in the detection of heterogeneity than others?
An introductory simulation study established that Anova is extremely susceptible to heterogeneity of the variances. This occurs both in normally distributed and non-normal datasets. Even small deviances from homogeneity to that of heteroscedasticity results in inflated type I error.
A subsequent simulation study was conducted. The purpose of this study was to determine which of the tests of homogeneity of variances preformed best in unfavourable conditions. These conditions included small sample sizes and a number of non-normal distributions. In these conditions, Bartlett's or Box's tests perform well. Conversely, Cochran's test and the Log Anova test exhibited low power with small to moderate sample sizes even with normally distributed datasets. A decision tree has been created for these results that can be used to determine the most effective test strategy.


The titanium electrode was coated with SnO2 using thermal decomposition method and the microstructures and physical properties of the SnO2 coatings doped with other elements were characterized using various techniques.It was found that the nanostructured SnO2 coating with a rutile crystal structure could be prepared on the titanium substrate using the present preparation method.The electrochemical capability of the SnO2 electrode coating prepared at a temperature of 500 oC could be significantly enhanced by addition of Ru and Co elements.The SnO2 coatings containing Ru and Co elements were better densified and had a good adhesion with the substrate and the resulting electrode exhibited a good electrochemistry capability.


BACKGROUND
The Work Experience Survey for Rheumatic Conditions (WES-RC) is a prominent feature of an evidence-based intervention to prevent premature job loss among people with arthritis. The WES-RC is used to identify client perceived barriers related to work performance. The degree to which people with arthritis and rheumatic conditions report barriers on the WES-RC has not been reported.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to characterize the barriers reported on the WES-RC.

METHODS
Data from participants who completed the WES-RC in the Work It study trial were included (N = 143). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample and the frequency with which barriers on the WES-RC were reported. Responses to the top three bothersome barriers to study participants were summed.

RESULTS
The mean age of the sample was 50.3 years; 73% were female, and 66% white. All WES-RC items were checked as a barrier by at least two participants; less than 10 participants checked 34 items. Barriers in the 'getting ready for work and traveling to and from, or for work' domain, were frequently reported. The most bothersome barriers were 'standing or being on feet too long' and 'prolonged sitting'.

CONCLUSION
The WES-RC is a self-reported checklist that captures a wide breadth of work-related barriers that could be experienced by people with arthritis who are currently employed.


The following two articles were originally presented at a four-day seminar on the 'domestication' of modernity in Leiden and The Hague in June 1995. The aim of the seminar was to compare the different trajectories in which African societies try to appropriate modernity: how they deal with the images and dreams of a modern way of life which flood the continent—the spectacular successes of the few and the deep feelings of disappointment of the many. 'Modernity's enchantment'—a phrase coined by Jean and John Comaroff (1992)—applies very well to Africa. Jean-Pierre Warnier's remark, in his study of entrepreneurs in west Cameroon (1993), that 'le goût des Camerounais pour tout ce qui est importé plutôt que produit localement est légendaire' is true of many if not all African countries. Achille Mbembe (1992) forcefully demonstrates that the popular masses are as intent as the elites on participating in the consumerist rituals of new forms of wealth and power. But it is clear also that this obsession with modernity follows very varied trajectories. Jean-François Bayart (1989) emphasises that the marked consumerism of African elites is not to be seen as just an atavistic outcome of la politique du ventre; rather, it is related to specific imaginaires of the link between wealth and power and to varying pressures 'from below' towards redistribution.


The tendency and ability of newly hatched ducklings to climb out of an experimental chimney were examined in the following species: American Wood Duck Aix sponsa. Mandarin Aix galericulata, American Goldeneye Bucephala clangula, Hooded Merganser Mergus cucullatus and Mallard Anas platyrhynchos. The Wood Duck performed consistently best. In climbing up a vertical surface, the Wood Duckling proceeds by a series of leaps and uses its tail as a brace, rather like a Woodpecker. The Wood Duckling has relatively short legs, strongly decurved toe-claws, and long and broad caudal down shafts. The importance of stimuli prompting the young of cavity-nesting waterfowl to leave the nest, is discussed.


The characteristics of various processing technologies were introduced by analyzing the piercing process of connecting tube.The punching die was proposed according to the part characteristics.The die microstructure and working process were introduced.The microstructure of the mold design was introduced.


Recent studies suggest that abstinent cannabis users show deficits on neurocognitive laboratory tasks of impulsive behavior. But results are mixed, and less is known on the performance of non-treatment-seeking, young adult cannabis users. Importantly, relationships between performance on measures of impulsive behavior and symptoms of cannabis addiction remain relatively unexplored. We compared young adult current cannabis users (CU, n = 65) and nonusing controls (NU, n = 65) on several laboratory measures of impulsive behavior, as well as on a measure of episodic memory commonly impacted by cannabis use. The CU group performed more poorly than the NU group on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised Total Immediate Recall and Delayed Recall. No significant differences were observed on the measures of impulsive behavior (i.e., Iowa Gambling Task, IGT; Go–Stop Task; Monetary Choice Questionnaire; Balloon Analogue Risk Task). We examined relationships between neurocognitive performance and symptoms of cannabis use disorder symptoms (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fourth Edition, DSM–IV CUD) among the CU group, which revealed that poorer IGT performance was associated with more symptoms of DSM–IV CUD. Our results show poorer memory performance among young adult cannabis users than among healthy controls, but no differences on measures of impulsive behavior. However, performance on a specific type of impulsive behavior (i.e., poorer decision making) was associated with more cannabis use disorder symptoms. These results provide preliminary evidence to suggest that decision-making deficits may be more strongly associated with problems experienced from cannabis use, rather than solely being a consequence of cannabis use, per se. This publication was supported by Grants K23DA023560 and R01DA031176 (PI: Gonzalez) and F31DA032244 (PI: Schuster) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), as well as P01 CA098262 (PI: Mermelstein) from the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.


Summary This study examines the relationship between family size, birth order and IQ components. No significant associations were found in either non-manual or manual social groups between IQ scores and family size. The correlation coefficient between verbal IQ and family size in the non-manual group was positive and differed significantly from the negative manual group value. Birth order effects were noted; the association differed significantly between non-manual IQ components and between social groups.


When the present invention discloses a method and system for realizing the control channel resource configuration, can not scheduled R8 / R9 / R10 of the UE in the ABS, the precoded channel from the first OFDM symbol of the ABS mapping. The present invention achieves technical configuration of the control channel resources can be applied to optimize the control channel resource configuration and indicated LTER10 subsequent versions. By leveraging RE ABS bearer information is not to improve the efficiency of resource use and improve coverage control channel, the UE savings and reduces the complexity of the UE detecting said control channel are blind have a beneficial effect.


Structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques are used to assess the behavior of structures during or after construction. The high cost of sensors is the main reason for the limited use of the SHM techniques. The present study investigates the dynamic behavior (dynamic acceleration, semi-static displacement, frequency and damping ratio) of highway steel plate girder bridges using strain measurements. The double filtration and polynomial prediction methods are used to estimate the dynamic behavior of the bridge using real-time strain measurements. To verify the accuracy of the developed method, the field monitoring measurements of the WonHyo bridge is used. The bridge behavior under different truck speeds and weights is observed and evaluated. The displacement and acceleration measurements are used to examine the results of the proposed method. The results of this study demonstrate that the strain measurements can be used to obtain an accurate semi-static displacement and dominant frequency content of the bridge. The accuracy of the developed model for the semi-static and dynamic behaviors is 99% and 69%, respectively.


A study explored various graphic characteristics associated with the visual analysis of single-subject data. A sample of 20 rehabilitation therapists used visual analysis to rate 24 graphs of data sets using a traditional baseline/treatment (AB) format. Using the intraclass correlation approach, the authors assessed the interrater reliability and found that it ranged from .52 to .66 for each graph. Data analysis revealed that the graphic characteristics of level and mean shift were associated with consistent judgments across the raters, and that changes in slope across the two phases of a graph were associated with substantial rater disagreement. The authors discuss the implications of using visual and statistical procedures to analyze single-subject data, and argue that quantitative adjuncts to visual analysis may facilitate the reliable interpretation of graphed data for a single subject.


Steel reinforced concrete composite structure which apply in the high-rise buildings, not only save steel, but also have excellent properties in fire prevention, anti-corrosion, and seismic performance, and improve the speed of construction, economic efficiency.This thesis based on the analyse of a steel reinforced concrete composite structure tower and the domestic and foreign experts study use Finite Element Analysis software SAP2000 analyze the dynamic Performance of the structure to draw the inherent vibration period and frequency of the structure. The structure is analyzed to obtain its deformation with different height of the structural elements under a small earthquake. Structure and component in elastic stage when suffur a small earthquake. Using the mode decomposition response spectrum method and method of linear time history analysis, the maximum horizontal displacements of the structural layer, the maximum inter-story displacement and the maximum inter-story displacement angle is obtained to see if the results within a predetermined range.


Digital physiological signals in telecare medicine information systems have been widely applied in remote medical applications, such as telecare, tele-examination, and telediagnosis, via computer networking transmission or wireless communication. However, these medical records need to ensure authorization demands in the channel model for human body communication and remote medical servers and enhance the confidentiality, recoverability, and availability of transmission data. Hence, this study proposes a symmetric cryptography scheme with a chaotic map and a multilayer machine learning network (MMLN) to achieve physiological signal infosecurity. A chaotic pseudorandom number generator within specific control parameters can dynamically produce unordered sequence numbers to set the secret keys for a regular secret key update, thereby improving the security of private cipher codes. The chaotic map is quickly iterated to produce a pseudorandom key stream for real-time applications, and the private cipher codes are selected using the initial and specific control parameters at the data emitter and receiver ends. A general regression neural network is used to map the high-dimensional input–output pair of cipher codes for substitution and permutation processes. Its adaptive MMLN with an optimization algorithm can rapidly train the random cipher code protocol to achieve an encryptor and a decryptor for a regular encrypted communication. Using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology–Beth Israel Hospital (MIT–BIH) Arrhythmia Database, 100 electrocardiogram fragments are used to verify the proposed model, and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) as a quantitative quality metric is used to evaluate the visual quality after encryption and decryption processes for further diagnosis applications. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has a higher mean PSNR (35.26 ± 3.77 dB) and shorter mean executing time (0.16 ± 0.01 s) compared with traditional cryptography protocol schemes.


Political corruption appears under more shapes than those set out in the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption. The lack of transparency in the funding of political parties favours and generates corruption, as shown by the case law of the courts.In order to combat political corruption, the criminal penalties are simply insufficient; instead, there is a great need for political decisions to restructure the electoral system and to finance political parties.


Air pollutants can be divided into primary pollutants, SO2 and NOx, and secondary pollutants, primarily ozone (03), acid deposition, and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). Primary pollutants affect regions near the source of emission. Secondary pollutants, formed by the oxidation of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides with atmospheric hydrocarbons, can affect regions far from the source of emission.


Selective MMP-13 inhibitors are compounds of formula I [wherein, W is, W to form a 5-membered cyclic diradical together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, Y is May also be, n is an integer from 0 to 5, and R


BACKGROUND:
Maxillofacial trauma is one of the most commonly reported entities in oral & maxillofacial
surgery. Management of orbital fractures is a challenging problem for the surgeon.
AIM:
To assess the outcome of use of resorbable (polycaprolactone) mesh [Osteomesh] in the
reconstruction of orbital floor in orbital blow out fractures.
OBJECTIVES:
Reconstruction of the orbital floor defect to support the globe and the orbital contents.
Restoration of the orbital volume to correct enopthalmos, a consequence of orbital blow out
fractures.
METHODS:
In the study, six patients with orbital floor fractures were taken up for surgery. Surgical
exploration of the orbital floor fracture was done and reconstruction of the fractured floor
defect was done by placing resorbable (polycaprolactone) mesh. The associated zygomatico
maxillary complex fracture was also reduced and fixed.
OBSERVATION & RESULTS:
All the patients were examined clinically post operatively. Out of the six patients, one patient
had ectropion of the lower lid which resolved in three weeks of time. Ophthalmologic
assessment post operatively revealed resolution of diplopia which was present in two
patients. Ocular movement which was restricted in one patient also got restored. Comparison
of pre and post operative orbital volume revealed restoration of volume in one patient out of
the six patients.
INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION:
Based on the results obtained, resorbable (polycaprolactone) mesh was found to be good
material for reconstruction of the orbital floor. However, a further study with an increased
study sample is necessary to validate its use.


Background: To achieve sustainable development goal and to improve management of non-communicable diseases the federal democratic republic of Ethiopian ministry of health developed guidelines on clinical and programmatic management of major non communicable diseases in 2016. Compliance to hypertension guideline was very low in developing countries leading to compromised quality of life and premature deaths. The aim of this study was to assess health practitioners' compliance with hypertension management guideline and its associated factors in Illubabor and Buno Bedelle zones.Method: A cross-sectional study design from patient medical record data was used to assess for compliance with hypertension management guideline. Medical records of adult Patients treated for hypertension from March 2019 to march 2020 was reviewed. Simple random sampling method was used to select the first study population then systematic sampling was used to select consecutive study populations. The collected data was checked for its completeness, consistency and accuracy before analysis. Data was coded, entered and cleaned using Epi- data 7 and export to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to obtain a final model describing the significant independent predictors of guidelines compliance.Results: overall compliance of health practitioners' to hypertension guideline was found to be poor; only 75(19.5%) patients were managed following the guideline. In multivariate analysis, availability of resource (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.400, 95% CI: =0.203-0.788), supervision status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.497, 95% CI: =0.308-0.892), training status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.250, 95% CI: =0.107-0.584), and appointment status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.091, 95% CI: =0.024-0.352) had significant positive association with compliance to hypertension management guideline.Conclusion: Only 75(19.5%) of patients were managed following the guideline; which indicates nearly more than two third of patients were not managed following the national hypertension guideline, primarily due to a lack of recommending lifestyle modifications.


Community Literacies as Shared Resources for Transformation Edited by Joanne Larson and George Moses Routledge, 2018 Larson and Moses join with members of the city of Rochester community to tell a collective story of a project that joined University faculty, students, and city community members together to transform an urban corner store into a neighborhood hub. Larson, the Michael W. Scandling Professor of Education at the Warner School, and Moses, executive director of North East Area Development as well as Rochester Freedom Schools, touch on the themes of collaboration, social justice, and urban transformation.


Dynamic soaring is a process of acquiring energy available in atmospheric wind shears and is commonly exhibited by soaring birds to perform long distance flights. This paper aims to demonstrate a viable algorithm which can be implemented in near real time environment to formulate optimal trajectories for dynamic soaring maneuvers for a small scale Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The objective is to harness maximum energy from atmosphere wind shear to improve loiter time for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions. Three-dimensional point-mass UAV equations of motion and linear wind gradient profile are used to model flight dynamics. Utilizing UAV states, controls, operational constraints, initial and terminal conditions that enforce a periodic flight, dynamic soaring problem is formulated as an optimal control problem. Optimized trajectories of the maneuver are subsequently generated employing pseudo spectral techniques against distant UAV performance parameters. The discussion also encompasses the requirement for generation of optimal trajectories for dynamic soaring in real time environment and the ability of the proposed algorithm for speedy solution generation. Coupled with the fact that dynamic soaring is all about immediately utilizing the available energy from the wind shear encountered, the proposed algorithm promises its viability for practical on board implementations requiring computation of trajectories in near real time.


Objective: multifilament sutures. Materials sheep blood agar media for 24 h and then suspended on a microscope slide. Fluorescein isoothiocyanate fluorescence microscopy. The experiments were repeated, and the amount of and Escherichia coli Results: concentration of 16, and 24 h, respectively. For the PGA 4 CFU/μL, and 30 CFU/μL, and 27 CFU/μL at 8, 16, and 24 h respectively. thus resulted in 70% growth of sutures resulted in 70% more growth of coli was 35%.


We suggest and analyse theoretically a wideband switch with a very simple and compact structure. It consists of a 90°‐waveguide bending in a photonic crystal with square unit cell and a circular ferrite cylinder placed in the bending. The state OFF of the switch corresponds to the nonmagnetized ferrite. The structure of the standing wave in the input waveguide with a node oriented along the output waveguide prevents excitation of the output waveguide. In the state ON, different resonant modes of the magnetized ferrite resonator provide high transmission from input port to output one, namely, both clockwise and anticlockwise dipole rotating modes, the standing dipole mode which is the sum of the two rotating modes and also a travelling wave. Our numerical simulations show that in the subterahertz region, the switch possesses the frequency band of 8% at the levels of insertion losses lower than −2 dB and isolation better than −22 dB. This bandwidth is one order of magnitude higher than that reported in the literature for switches of this type. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:238–242, 2016


ABSTRACT Concern for the future of town centres and their retail cores, the 'high street', is not new. Responses to this have often been somewhat one dimensional, focusing on their role as places of consumption, employment, leisure and heritage. We consider the potential multiple roles of older people in helping revive and rejuvenate town centres given the centrality of place for healthy supportive living, community and social participation and 'ageing in place'. Taking an environmental gerontology perspective, we ask whether the WHO age friendly cities/communities' framework should be considered further in approaches to reviving town centres in a post-Covid-19 world.


Purpose: To investigate the use of mathematical basis functions instead of discrete or smoothed beamlets to represent and optimize IMRT beams in inverse planning in order to reduce the degrees of freedom required for producing high quality IMRT plans. Method and Materials: Our in‐house beamlet‐based optimization system was extended to support the optimization of basis function coefficients in order to represent IMRT beams by mathematical surfaces. Comparison studies were performed using a phantom and a prostate case. Four methods were compared; (1) beamlet optimization, (2) beamlet optimization incorporating smoothing in the cost function, (3) Basis function optimization (BFO) using a radial basis function grid (optimization variables are individual function weights), and (4) BFO using polynomials(optimization variables are term coefficients). Results were compared using dose and dose‐volume metrics, beam modulation, MU, and robustness to geometric deviations. Results: In the phantom, BFO plans were comparable to beamlet plans in terms of dose and dose‐volume metrics and superior in terms of using 75–90% fewer optimization variables, requiring 26% fewer MU, containing 38% less plan modulation, and demonstrating improved target coverage when subjected to geometric shifts. Beamlet‐based plans that incorporated smoothing met the clinical objectives, with a 16% reduction in MU compared to beamlets. In the prostate, method (3) resulted in a 24% MU reduction compared to method (1) and was less sensitive to geometric changes. Method (2) also produced favorable results in the prostate with a 19% reduction in MU. Conclusion: BFO plans were clinically comparable to beamlet plans and superior to beamlet plans with smoothing in terms of MU reduction and lessened geometric sensitivity. The use of basis function sets to represent and optimize IMRT intensity patterns is a promising method to reduce IMRT beam complexity and its implications. Supported in part by NIH P01‐CA59827.


Objective: 1) Analyze appropriateness of endoscopic sinus surgery. 2) Understand the long-term results of endoscopic sinus surgery at an academic institution with an academic and private practice blend of patients using the Sino Nasal Outcome Test ("SNOT 22") statistically validated tool. Method: Included consecutive patients undergoing sinus surgery at CSMC since January 2009 who were able to complete SNOT-22 prior to surgery. Three hundred fifty patients were included from 17 physicians. Patients mailed the postop form 3, 6, and 12 months following surgery. Patients ranged from 22 years to 67 years split between 220 females and 330 males. Results: The results were quite impressive for patients from immediate to long-term (12 month) postoperative results. The results were statistically significant in demonstrating an improvement of symptoms overall and in all 4 subcategories with a univariate analysis demonstrating P values of <.001. These results were very exciting due to the multi-cultural and varied nature of the patients ranging from tertiary care academic referrals to community otolaryngology patients. Conclusion: It was concluded that endoscopic sinus surgery was effective with results reaching statistical significance in demonstrating an improvement of symptoms overall and in all 4 sub-categories with a univariate analysis demonstrating P values of <.001. Scientific findings demonstrate that patients had major improvement scores 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is challenging healthcare systems Surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic presents numerous challenges regarding not only patient and community safety, but also the safety of physicians and operating room (OR) staff In the OR, general anaesthesia poses a risk of aerosolization during the intubation process There is also concern about minimally invasive surgery due to aerosol formation The SARS-CoV-2 virus was also identified in the faeces, so this is a possible pathway for transmission This article presents the role of spinal anaesthesia (SA) and AirSeal® device in reducing the risk of COVID-19 contamination while performing transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) A 59-year-old patient, diagnosed with a T1 rectal adenocarcinoma, was submitted to TAMIS The surgery was done during COVID-19 pandemic due to the risk of oncological progression with delayed treatment, under SA and using the AirSeal® system and adequate personnel protective equipment (PPE) Laparoscopic smoke evacuation systems with appropriate filters, like AirSeal®, minimize the aerosol formation and may reduce the risk associated with surgical smoke exposure This case is unique because the patient was safely submitted to TAMIS using proper PPE and AirSeal® under SA, in order to minimize aerosol formation which is crucial during COVID-19 pandemic © 2021 AME Publishing Company All right reserved


We present a solution to the following discrete optimization problem. Given a set of independent, possibly overlapping image regions and a non-negative likeliness of the individual regions, we select a nonoverlapping subset that is optimal with respect to the following requirements: First, every region is either part of the solution or has an overlap with it. Second, the degree of overlap of the solution with the rest of the regions is maximized together with the likeliness of the solution. Third, the likeliness of the individual regions influences the overall solution proportionally to the degree of overlap with neighboring regions. We represent the problem as a graph and solve the task by reduction to a constrained binary integer programming problem. The problem involves minimizing a linear objective function subject to linear inequality constraints. Both the objective function and the constraints exploit the structure of the graph. We illustrate the validity and the relevance of the proposed formulation by applying the method to the problem of facade window extraction. We generalize our formulation to the case where a set of hypotheses is given together with a binary similarity relation and similarity measure. Our formulation then exploits combination of degree and structure of hypothesis similarity and likeliness of individual hypotheses. In this case, we present a solution with non-similar hypotheses which can be viewed as a non-redundant representation.


ABSTRACT Reading comprehension assessments are used for postsecondary course placement and advising, and they are components of college entrance exams. Therefore, a quantitative understanding of the relationship between reading comprehension assessments and postsecondary academic achievement is needed. To address this need, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine how well performance on college reading assessments (e.g., ACT, COMPASS, Nelson-Denny, SAT) correlated with academic achievement (GPA and college grades). Additionally, to help explain the variation in previous findings, we examined whether the type of reading assessment used, performance indicator, publication bias, or year of publication served as moderators. Results based on 26 studies and a total of 25,090 students revealed a small association between performance on reading comprehension assessments and college grades (r = .29, SE = .02, 95% CI [.25, .33], p < .001), with no variation based on study moderators. These findings highlight the importance of college students' reading comprehension skills for college academic achievement.


This paper discusses cultural identity and continuity of historic district based on the principle of authenticity in conservation field. The objective is to find out appropriate solutions for a historic district and to keep its special cultural value. It develops corresponding analysis in both physical aspects and cultural aspects, emphasizing the living feature of a historic district. The author advocates that it is significant to keep local residents living in the district since they are the cultural carriers and the core to conserve their cultural identity. The paper advocates an authentic development mode in historic district.


Reclamation/restoration of degraded mangroves
by participatory afforestation will give life to an
unique environment and form a part of national
wealth. Afforestation with a single species of plant
suitable for the location is the beginning. Later,
mangrove associates and other bio-invasive plants will
proliferate and ultimately culminate with the existence
of a true mangrove eco-system provided human
interventions are restricted. A positive aspect in the
cost-benefit analysis of mangrove afforestation
programmes is that it does not require any additional
cost once the seedlings are properly planted as nature
will take care of its further growth. Systematic
plantation of mangroves in an area of one hectare costs
about Rs.1.08 lakh with the break even cost of
Rs.28.85 per tree (Table 1) generating multiple direct
and indirect benefits.


Introduces the principles of futures trading and discusses anticipating the market, technical analysis, trading systems, portfolio development, strategy, and other aspects of this type of investment.


The present invention is directed to a method for automatic selection of colorants and flakes to produce one or more matching formulas to match color and appearance of a target coating containing flakes. The present invention is further directed to a system for automatic selection of colorants and flakes for producing one or more matching formulas to match color and appearance of a target coating.


Come and support "Gift of Life Marrow Registry", an incredible organization dedicated to helping children and adults suffering from leukemia, lymphoma, and other cancers and… Find FL craft shows, art shows, fairs and festivals


[1] We present an analysis of the ∼11 h oscillations in Saturn's near-equatorial magnetic field, using Cassini data acquired during 2004–2007. We assume the oscillation period is given by the magnetic phase model derived by Provan et al. (2009) over the same interval, and use this to combine the data to determine the variation of the oscillation amplitude and phase of all three spherical polar field components with radial distance (∼3–30 RS) and local time (RS is Saturn's radius, 60,268 km). The oscillatory field behavior can be divided into two regions at a radial distance of ∼15 RS. In the inner region the radial and azimuthal components form a rotating field that to a first approximation is quasi-uniform, but shows major suppression and deflection effects around the near-planet region. Associated rotating field-aligned currents in the Enceladus torus are estimated to carry ∼±1 MA. In the outer region these field components form a rotating partial twin-vortex centered in the nightside, with associated North–South directed currents carrying ∼±6 MA. Individual current regions of a given sign emerge first at dusk, propagate via midnight, and dissipate near dawn, avoiding the dayside sector of weaker more uniform oscillatory fields. Oscillations in the colatitudinal field are also present throughout, that are generally in phase with the radial component. The oscillation phases of all components are found to increase with radial distance at all local times, indicating outward radial propagation with phase speeds of ∼200 km s−1 on the nightside and ∼500 km s−1 on the dayside.


D ESPITE remarkable and unprecedented progress in improving cardiovascular care, cardiovascular disease (CVD) still remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide [item 1) in the Appendix], [item 2) in the Appendix]. According to the World Health Organization, CVD accounted for 17.9 million deaths globally in 2018, becoming the most non-communicable disease cause of death as seen in Figure 1 [item 2) in the Appendix]. With the increase in aging population, the prevalence of all CVDs is projected to continue to rise over the next decades, expecting to account for >23.6 million deaths per year by 2030 [item 3) in the Appendix], if no effective and preventive measures are taken. It is reported that the prevalence of CVD has also increased in children and young adults in recent decades [items 4)–6) in the Appendix]. Alongside concerning increasing mortality trends, cardiovascular spending has risen steadily over the past 2 decades in many countries especially in the United States [item 1) in the Appendix], [item 7) in the Appendix]. The American Heart Association and American Stroke Association estimate that costs for all aspects of CVD in the United States totaled $318 billion in 2015 and spending for all cardiovascular conditions is projected to continue to rise [item 7) in the Appendix]. Facing the world's largest and costliest healthcare burden of CVDs, many diverse stakeholders in cardiovascular health worldwide share the sense of urgency for change and are looking into new ways to address the society's most pressing and unmet grand challenges in public health [item 1) in the Appendix]. It becomes clear that the paradigm is shifting from the current passive treatments at the late stage towards the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The advancement of health engineering aims to provide new tools for the early prediction, early prevention, early diagnosis, and early treatment of chronic diseases especially cardiovascular diseases by helping patients to monitor and improve their fitness and health conditions [item 8) in the Appendix]. Four core enabling technologies in health engineering have joined forces to solve some of healthcare's biggest problems and to assist in alerting these CVD trends: 1) wearable technologies including flexible sensing and soft robotics worn on or in the body to help users stay in shape, monitor their CVD risk factors, detect life-threatening conditions and even provide on-site CVD therapy; 2) micro-nano-biosensors for ultra-sensitive detection of biomarkers that pertains to CVDs; 3) multi-modal and


The utility model relates to a five-prevention voice prompt intelligent unlocking key box of a transformer substation. The key box comprises an electric control box body and a key box body, wherein a microcomputer controller and an electromagnetic lock for opening or closing a box door of the key box body are arranged in the electric control box body; the electromagnetic lock is in signal connection with the microcomputer controller; more than one key placement position for containing an unlocking key is arranged in the key box body; each key placement position is connected with a key identity recognition unit which can detect key identity information; the key identity recognition unit is in signal connection with the microcomputer controller; and glass is arranged on the box door of the key box body. Through the key box, safe and reliable unlocking operation is guaranteed, and a new method is provided for digital and networked remote monitoring of power misoperation prevention while the workload of a field unlocking operation approval process is relieved. The key box has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in operation, safety, reliability, convenience in management, high practicability and easiness in promotion and application.


The prediction of permanent soil displacements due to alternating loading is important for assessing the stability and serviceability of transport network, foundations of machines and wind turbines as well as structures in earthquake regions. The accumulation of permanent displacements due to alternating loading depends on many factors which engineers attempt to capture in a corresponding stress‐strain relationship. Typical hysteretic soil behaviour during cyclic shearing and its description with a constitutive model are shown in this article.


This article provides an assessment of how the EU trade policies affect EU imports. The main contribution is that we compute a theoretically consistent measure of the EU tariff margin and estimate the elasticities of substitution at the sectoral level, using a structural gravity model that includes domestic trade flows. Our analysis is related to the most recent gravity literature and the identification strategy is based on the existence of a sufficient variation of the tariffs applied by the EU to different markets of origin. We use cross-section data (more than 5000 tariff lines and 188 exporters, including the EU28 Member States, in the year 2017), to obtain structural gravity estimates of trade substitution elasticities. Since tariffs greatly differ by product, an in-depth analysis should take place at the tariff line. Moreover, we use the information provided by the Eurostat Comext database on the tariff regime of imports, so we distinguish the Most Favored Nation (MFN) from the preferential trade flows. The estimated elasticities can be used to calculate the counterfactual change in total EU imports that would follow either from the removal of trade preferences or from the removal of trade policies.


Pakistan is ranked 124 out of 191 countries in terms of health care. About a third of the population lives below the poverty line, with unhygienic living conditions, poor health, and food and water insecurity. As a consequence, there is a high burden of infectious and chronic diseases among people in Pakistan, especially women and children. Poor nutrition and repeated infections have aggravated the situation. According to a health assessment conducted by the Aga Khan University, Pakistan ranks 157th in the world in terms of infant mortality, and 39th in child mortality. Moreover, with agriculture being the main occupation in the country, the majority of the population still live in rural and remote areas that are underprivileged in terms of access to basic health care services.


By Jean Marr, Fort Wayne, Indiana, June 1992 (With special "thanks" to Brenda Whitsell, 1989 National Geographic Society Summer Geography Institute graduate and Geography Teacher Consultant; based upon her lesson "Reading the Landscape in Children's Literature, An Appalachian Application. Most of the lesson is Brenda's original plan, and I could not have done it better; this made my task of adaptation easier!)


in the paper, the importance of interannual K dynamics for the construction of correct long-term time trends is shown and discussed.


Summary. A new species of Harpalyce (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Brongniartieae), H. lanata, is described and illustrated from recently collected material from the southern Chapada Diamantina, state of Bahia, Brazil. The genus Harpalyce Mop. & Sess6 ex DC. contains 20 Neotropical species in three sections. Section Brasilianae has 7 species mainly occurring in cerrado, campos rupestres and other mountainous ecosystems of central Brazil (Arroyo 1976). Most of these species have an extremely restricted distribution, with the exception of H. brasiliana and H. hilariana, whose distributions more or less include the area covered by the section. Until now, only one species of Harpalyce, H. brasiliana, was recorded from the state of Bahia (Lewis 1987). A new species from the southern part of the Chapada Diamantina is described here. Harpalyce lanata L. P Queiroz sp. nov., ad H. sec. Brasilianam ramis, inflorescentiis et calycibus dense lanatis, foliis 9 - 17-jugatis, foliolis coriaceis revolutisque pertinans. H. parvifoliae affinis sed indumento densiore, floribus longioribus, lobis calycis latioribus differt. Typus: Brazil, Bahia, Ganev 1659 (holotypus HUEFS, isotypi K, SPF). Multi-stemmed shrub 1 - 1.7 m, branches somewhat zigzag, densely woolly with ochraceous to cinereous trichomes 0.5 - 2 mm long. Stipules persistent, linearlanceolate to linear, woolly on both surfaces, 6.5 - 12 x 1 - 1.5 mm. Leaves imparipinnate, leaf axis densely woolly to villous, petiole 2 - 4 mm, rachis 2.7 - 7 (11) cm; leaflets in 9 - 17 pairs, (sub-)opposite, coriaceous, adaxially with main vein deeply sunken, woolly to glabrescent at maturity, abaxially densely villous, primary and secondary veins raised, apex acute, base asymmetric, strongly revolute, with outline oblong-linear, 1.1 - 1.9 x 0.2 - 0.35 cm, rarely flat and then oblong, 0.5 0.7 mm wide; petiolules 0.3 - 0.5 mm. Inflorescence a subumbelliform 1 - 3-flowered raceme, with stout, short peduncle, densely ochraceous to greyish villous, 0.3 - 1 cm; pedicels densely villous, 0.7 - 1 cm; bracteoles paired at apex of pedicel, woolly, linear, deflexed at apex, 1.8 - 2.7 x 0.1 - 0.12 cm. Flowers resupinate; calyx


The study aimed to investigating the impact of Intellectual Capital on competitive Advantage at Jordanian Commercial Banks. This study used descriptive as well as cause/effect. Data collected from Jordanian Commercial Banks (13 banks) by means of questionnaire during March 2018. The questionnaire was distributed to 300 out of 366 managers and supervisors, only 290 questionnaires were obtained, and just 281 were suitable for further analysis. After confirming normality, validity, and reliability of the tool, correlation between variables was conducted, and then hypothesis was tested by using multiple regressions. The results show that both companies are highly implementing IC and competitive advantages variables, and there are strong relationships between IC and competitive advantages variables. The results of multiple regressions show that there is a significant impact of IC on competitive advantage at Jordanian Commercial Banks. The results also show that human capital, relational capital and structural capital have positive significant impact on competitive advantage at Jordanian Commercial Banks. Finally, the study recommends further testing of hypothesis on same industry in other countries, especially Arab countries and other industries to test the validity of results.


The Big Lost River basin occupies about 1,400 square miles in-south-central Idaho and drains to the Snake River Plain. The economy in the area is based on irrigation agriculture and stockraising. The basin is underlain by a diverseassemblage of rocks which range, in age from Precambrian to Holocene. The assemblage is divided into five groups on the basis of their hydrologic characteristics: Carbonate rocks, noncarbonate rocks, cemented alluvial deposits, unconsolidated alluvial deposits, and basalt. The principal aquifer is unconsolidated alluvial fill that is several thousand feet thick in the main valley. The carbonate rocks are the major bedrock aquifer. They absorb a significant amount of precipitation and, in places, are very permeable as evidenced by large springs discharging from or near exposures of carbonate rocks. Only the alluvium, carbonate rock and locally the basalt yield significant amounts of water. A total of about 67,000 acres is irrigated with water diverted from the Big Lost River. The annual flow of the river is highly variable and water-supply deficiencies are common. About 1 out of every 2 years is considered a drought year. In the period 1955-68, about 175 irrigation wells were drilled to provide a supplemental water supply to land irrigated from the canal system and to irrigate an additional 8,500 acres of new land. r ; Average annual precipitation ranged from 8 inches £ on the valley floor to about 50 inches at some higher eleva^ :. tions during the base period 1944-68. The estimated water yield of the Big Lost River basin averaged 650 cfs (cubic feet per second) for the base period. Of this amount, 150 cfs was transpired by crops, 75 cfs left the basin as streamflow, and 425 cfs left as ground-water flow. % map of precipitation and estimated values of evapotranspiration were used to construct a water-yield map. /' »j '.* , A distinctive feature of the Big Lost River basin, is the . .large interchange of water from surface streams into the ground and from the ground into the surface streams. Large quantities of water disappear in the Chilly, Darlington, and other sinks and reappear above Mackay Narrows, above Moore Canal heading, and in other reaches. A cumulative summary of water yield upstream from selected points in the basin is as follows: Water Surface Ground Crop yield water water evapotrans(cfs) (cfs) (cfs) piration ' ______________________________________(cfs) Above Howell Ranch 345 310 35 Above Mackay Narrows .450 325 75 50 Above Arco 650 75 425 150 Ground-water pumping affects streamflow in reaches, where the stream and water table are continuous, but the effects of pumping were not measured except locally. Pumping depletes the total water supply by the amount of the pumped water that is evapotranspired by crops. The part of the pumped water that is not consumed percolates into the ground or runs off over the land surface to the stream. The estimated 425 cfs that leaves the basin as ground-water flow is more than adequate for present and foreseeable needs. However because much" of the outflow occurs at considerable depth, the quantity that is salvageable is unknown. Both the surface and ground waters are of good quality and are suitable for most uses. Although these waters are low in total dissolved solids, they tend t6 be hard 0* very hard.


Isoperiodic heterostructures GaxIn1-xSbyAszP1-y-z/InP at a 1.06 to 1.6 μm wavelength interval were grown by the method of floating-zone recrystallization with temperature gradient. Absolute spectral sensitivity of ~ 0.59 A/W and a speed of ~ 10 ns were achieved. Threshold sensitivity for the fabricated photodiodes was in the range 2·10^-10 to 5·10^-11 W with a signal-to-noise ratio of 10.


Social networks are temporally evolving by nature and in general, the evolution takes place gradually with time. But occasionally, the nodes may exhibit anomalous behavior that is to be detected and reported in real time. Usually, the social networks are represented as a temporal stream of weighted graphs, where edge weights stand for frequency or power of actions. Here, for identification of anomalies in evolutionary social networks, we follow an action based approach leveraging the community structure of the network, where it is shown that only the Community Boundary Nodes are enough to detect anomaly in a temporally evolving social network. We introduce a new definition of anomaly score for nodes based on its action history. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to exploit the community boundary nodes of an evolutionary social network to identify the graph snapshots containing anomalous events. Experimental studies on real-world as well as synthetic evolutionary networks show that the proposed technique achieves almost 13% improvement in F-Score compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms. Moreover, parallel implementation of the proposed technique results nearly 6 x speedup making it suitable for real time computation of anomaly in evolutionary social networks.


The American diet is nutrient-poor and very good at promoting weight gain. By the year 2015, more than half of the population will be obese, according to researchers at Duke University [1]. I have been studying nutrition my entire professional life and know the literature. There are a lot of good published studies, which clearly identify ways of eating to improve diet quality and reduce weight gain. However, many Americans get their nutritional advice from self-proclaimed gurus. These include personal trainers, book authors, and TV doctors, who often base their advice on opinions, rather than science. Don't we deserve better? Why can't the best practices be disseminated to the public? I read the nutrition-related scientific literature constantly, and am up-todate on what is proven to work and what does not. In this Editorial, I review five recent articles, which provide sound advice on how to eat a healthy diet, while dispelling some common myths promulgated by socalled experts. These aren't my ideas; I'm simply reporting what I think the key papers are. The ideas include: foods that promote weight gain and loss; portion sizes versus eating occasions; diet composition; fiber; and exercise. My hope is that you'll share these strategies with your patients, family, and friends. Adopting a healthy diet based on scientific studies will be rewarding, by reducing chronic diseases of aging and preventing weight gain. Following dietary recommendations with no scientific merit is unlikely to yield any benefit.


We correct an error in the proof of Proposition 7.3 of the author's paper on the propagation of singularities for the wave equation on manifolds with corners. The correction does not affect the statement of Proposition 7.3, and it does not affect any other part of the paper. There is a mistake in the proof of Proposition 7.3 of [1]; namely, a term was omitted in (7.9) so that the displayed equation after (7.15), as well as its analogues after (7.16), do not hold. The term omitted corresponds to the term |x|2 in (7.8) being differentiated by the term 2Aξ · ∂x in the Hamilton vector field appearing in (6.3). This mistake can be easily remedied as follows. First, after the displayed equation following (7.7) we specify one of the ρj slightly more carefully; namely, we require ρ1 = 1− τ|ζ|y. Note that dρ1 6= 0 at q0 for ζ 6= 0 there. Then |τ−1W ω0| ≤ C ′ 1ω 1/2 0 (ω 1/2 0 + |t− t0|) still holds. The argument of [1] proceeds with a motivational calculation, followed by the precise version of what is needed. We follow this approach here. So first the correct motivational calculation is presented. We still have p|x=0 = τ2 − |ξ|y − |ζ|y. Thus, the equation after (7.9) can be strengthened to τ|ξ|y ≤ C(τ−2|p|+ |x|+ ω 1/2 0 ), This work is partially supported by NSF grant DMS-0801226. c © 2013 Department of Mathematics, Princeton University. All equation and proposition numbers of the form (7.xx) or 7.xx refer to [1].


Abstract The substance abuse program (SAP) is a multifaceted, cognitive-behavioral program that targets attitudes and behaviors related to drug taking and criminal behavior. The short-term impact of the SAP was assessed using five standardized measures administered pre- and post-program. Its long-term impact was assessed by comparing recidivism rates for SAP participants to a matched control group. Results revealed large, desirable short-term changes but no differences in recidivism. For both groups, the strongest predictor of reoffending was whether individuals used crack cocaine, suggesting that the SAP and other programs should be tailored to meet the needs of specific subgroups of substance users.


Reports of shifts in rates of aggradation in a salt marsh deposit at Amherst Point, Nova Scotia have been linked with fluctuations in eustatic sea level, crustal subsidence and, possibly, changes in tidal amplitude. However, evidence for the most recent fluctuation is an artifact of early Acadian land reclamation that occurred in the seventeenth century at Amherst Point. Acadian settlers had constructed dikes to prevent regular tidal flooding, but probably allowed occasional flooding of the surface by tidal waters, thus maintaining the salt marsh signature of the deposit. Statistical analysis of the pollen assemblage from the uppermost deposit interpreted as a regressive sequence aligns critical depths with pollen assemblages retrieved from modern soils of diked and drained marshes. Inspection of historical aerial photographs confirms that the dikes persisted on the site until at least 1939. Interpretations of earlier fluctuations recorded in deposits below this regressive sequence remain valid. It is possible that the Bay of Fundy experienced a regressive period just prior to Acadian diking, but future research on unexamined salt marsh deposits here or elsewhere must include an exhaustive search of historical documents to avoid misinterpretation of anthropogenic modifications.


Hydraulic fracturing tests were performed in a horizontal, 20 m long borehole in the salt mine Asse. The minimum principal stress and its orientation could be measured using a special hydraulic fracturing borehole probe. This new-developed probe utilizes acoustic emission (AE) measurements aimed at monitoring and localizing hydraulic fractures. AE analysis pointed out that at small borehole depths in the vicinity of the gallery the developing large fracture planes were nearly perpendicular to the borehole axis. This indicates large deviatoric stresses and a horizontal orientation of the minimum principal stress. In larger borehole depths the events show sometimes zones of dispersed microcracks around the borehole. In other cases small transverse fractures are discernible. This may be attributed to a nearly isotropic state of stress. Stress directions and values of the minimum stress were compared to the results of finite-element calculations considering thermally induced stresses.


The solubility of dipyridamole is pH-dependent,which produce irregular intestinal absorbance,low bioavailability and great inter individual variation.This study is to improve the in vitro dissolving ability of dipyridamole using solid dispersion method.Eudragit L 、PEG6000 and EC were used as drug carrier mixture.Sustained-release pellet was prepared by spraying organic solution of drug and carrier mixture onto micro crystal cellulose(MCC)pellets.By using X-ray diffraction and Scan Electronic Microscopy,the crystal characteristics of dipyridamole in solid dispersion were investigated.The dissolution rates of the sustained-release pellet were determined under a series of pH values.The crystal form of DIP disappeared in the solid dispersion system.The release of DIP from sustained release pellets was pH-independent and the dissolution profiles followed the first grade model kinetics.Dipyridamole was made into pH-independent sustained release preparations after solid dispersion treatment and carrier mixture regulatory effect.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the resistance and distribution of the Gram-negative bacilli and conduct clinical medication.METHODS A total of 697 strains of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from the all sorts of samples from Jan 2006 to Dec 2006 were analyzed by WalkAway-40 system with NC31 system.RESULTS The dominant strains were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterobacter cloacae,Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophili.The resistance rate of the main Gram-negative bacilli against imipenem was the lowest.CONCLUSIONS Most of Gram-negative bacilli in nosocomial infection are highly resistant to drugs.It is very important to use antibiotics reasonably against nosocomial infection.


This paper extends the results of "Operads and Algebraic Homotopy" in giving algebraic invariants for the stable homotopy type of a pointed simply-connected simplicial set.


Potential mGAT4 inhibitors derived from the lead substance (S)‐SNAP‐5114 have been synthesized and characterized for their inhibitory potency. Variations from the parent compound included the substitution of one of its aromatic 4‐methoxy and 4‐methoxyphenyl groups, respectively, with a more polar moiety, including a carboxylic acid, alcohol, nitrile, carboxamide, sulfonamide, aldehyde or ketone function, or amino acid partial structures. Furthermore, it was investigated how the substitution of more than one of the aromatic 4‐methoxy groups affects the potency and selectivity of the resulting compounds. Among the synthesized test substances (S)‐1‐{2‐[(4‐formylphenyl)bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐methoxy]ethyl}piperidine‐3‐carboxylic acid, that features a carbaldehyde function in place of one of the aromatic 4‐methoxy moieties of (S)‐SNAP‐5114, was found to have a pIC50 value of 5.89±0.07, hence constituting a slightly more potent mGAT4 inhibitor than the parent substance while showing comparable subtype selectivity.


The flow magnitude and timing from hydroelectric dams in the Snake River Basin of the Pacific north‐western US is managed in part for the benefit of salmon. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of Hells Canyon Dam discharge operations on hydrologic exchange flows between the river and riverbed in Snake River fall Chinook salmon spawning areas. Interactions between river water and pore water within the upper 1 m of the riverbed were quantified through the use of self‐contained temperature and water level data loggers suspended inside of piezometers. The data were recorded at 20 min intervals over a period of 200 days when the mean daily discharge was 218–605 m3 s−1, with hourly stage changes as large as 1·9 m. Differences in head pressure between the river and riverbed were small, often within ± 2 cm. Measured temperature gradients in the riverbed indicated significant interactions between the surface and subsurface water. At the majority of sites, neither hydraulic nor temperature gradients were significantly affected by either short‐ or long‐term changes in discharge operations from Hells Canyon Dam. Only 2 of 14 study sites exhibited acute flux reversals between the river and riverbed resulting from short‐term, large magnitude changes in discharge. The findings suggest that local scale measurements may not be wholly explanatory of the hydrological exchange between the river and riverbed. The processes controlling surface water exchange at the study sites are likely to be bedform‐induced advective pumping, turbulence at the riverbed surface, and large‐scale hydraulic gradients along the longitudinal profile of the riverbed. By incorporating the knowledge of hydrological exchange processes into water management planning, regional agencies will be better prepared to manage the limited water resources among competing priorities that include salmon recovery, flood control, irrigation supply, hydropower production, and recreation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The present invention relates to tablets for oral administration containing molten solid dispersion and this comprising the active ingredient having a low melting point. And a melting point of 80 ° C. or less of the active ingredients, the molten solid dispersion of the present invention comprising an adsorbent having a specific surface area of a pharmaceutically acceptable 20 to 400 meters


The operating range of turbopumps is being extended to higher pressures as a consequence of many demanding applications. Varian VPT has specialized in the design of Gaede stages for extending the operating pressure of the pump. The present work is an extension of the activity made in the last five years in the direction of a good understanding of the behavior of the Gaede stage in viscous flow conditions. Starting from the analysis of the pressure distribution into a single stage, already presented in a previous paper, a transitional power consumption model is derived. The model allows to predict the power consumption of a single Gaede stage as a function of the pumping channel dimensions and clearances, the rotational speed, the nature of the gas pumped, and the operating pressure. The model is based on three main assumptions: (1) the pressure distribution along the channel satisfies a diffusion viscous model at zero net gas flow, (2) the gas flow boundary layer across channel is derived from a simple vi...


A thesis submitted to the Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Science in Animal Science of Makerere University.


Objective To study the change of the ATP-sensivive potassium(KATP)current after shRNA silencing Kir6.2 gene in hepatoma cells.Methods Plassmid vectors containing negative control sequence HK and 2 kinds of different sequences of K1 and K2 were constructed and transfected into Sk-Hep1 cells by using Lipofectamine 2000 methods,respectively.The experiment was divided into 4 groups:SK(normal),HK,K1 and K2.The selected single clone was cultured after screening by G418.By using the whole-cell recording the current ATP-sensitive potassium channel was recorded with voltage-clamp mode.After the gigahom seal was formed,perfusion with 10mmol/l2-deoxy-D-glucose was perfused 10 minutes to test the current in each group,then perfusion with 100uM gloibenclamide 10 minutest to test the current in each group.The glibenclamide-sensitive KATP current was obtained by substraction of the current of two times.Ⅰ-Ⅴ curves was drawed.Results The KATP current in SK,HK,K1,K2 groups(n=7)(nA)was(1.80±0.673),(1.87±0.541),(5.16±1.011),(3.89±1.287),respectively.Compared the curren in K1 and K2 gruops with that in SK group,there was significantly statistical.the current in HK group was much lower than that in K1 and K2 groups.Ⅰ-Ⅴ curves in K1 and K2 groups were close to the vertical axis.Conclusion The KATP current changed dramatically after the shRNA silencing the Kir6.2 gene in hepatoma cells.


This paper focuses on the meaning and usage of status and kinship terms in different contexts of interaction between kin and nonkin, thus expressing friendliness, animosity, anger, formality, seriousness, sarcasm, intimacy, politeness, disrespect, status, hierarchy, equality, or distance. Status terms are used either to consolidate status differentiations and induce formality and distance or to nullify status distinctions, creating temporarily an atmosphere of mutual trust and confidence. Kinship terms are often used in nonstratified situations of inter action to express formality, seniority, respect, and different levels of intimacy. Only descent terms determined by birth are used in extension to address or refer to nonkin; affinal and ritualistic terms are used only in direct address as kinship referents. This is explained on the grounds that the behavioral contents of ritualistic or affinal relationships are nontransferable, whereas those implied in descent relationships are. The problems of honor and shame, avoidance and jealousy, competition and authority, which are implied in ritualistic or affinal relationships, are nontransferable behavioral characteristics. Respect, formality, distance, politeness, disrespect, intimacy, closeness, or joking relationships, which constitute the behavioral contents of relationships between kin, are transferable.


This research is experimental research in the research design is pretest-posttest control group design to find out the influence of open-ended approach on creative-mathematic thinking skill of student's grade V SD. The population of this research is all student's grade V of SD considering middle-group category based on the average score on a mathematics national exam at SD/MI level in the entire Rancakalong region. Meanwhile, the samples of this research are SDN Pasirbenteng II as experimental group and SDN Pasirbiru as a control group. The instruments in this research consist of test, affective scale, observation format of teachers' performance, observation format of students' activities and interview. The result from this research proves that learning using the open- ended approach can significantly increase a creative mathematic thinking of student's grade V SD. It can be seen from the findings of data analysis. Based on the research, students' response to mathematics learning using open- ended tends to show a positive response that means students have good tendency of interest and enthusiasm to the learning. Thus, it can be concluded that open-ended is one of the solutions to increase creative - mathematic thinking skill of student's grade V SD. Keywords:  o pen-ended  a pproach,  c reative-mathematic  t hinking  s kill.


The effect of platelets and their products on in vitro responses of human neutrophils to f‐met‐leu‐phe (fMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was studied. Platelets produced a concentration‐dependent inhibition of neutrophil superoxide anion (O2 ‐) generation with maximum inhibition of the response to fMLP approaching 42.2 ± 5.4% and that to PMA approaching 85.9 ± 3.4%. Supernates of thrombin‐activated platelets produced maximal inhibition of neutrophil O2 ‐ generation in response to fMLP (66.3 ± 4.2%) at a ratio of 10 platelet equivalents (PEQ) to 1 neutrophil but failed to affect the cells' response to PMA. In contrast, lysate of sonicated platelets Inhibited neutrophil O2 ‐ generation in response to both fMLP (59.6 ± 2.0%) and PMA (90.1 ± 1.3 %). Biochemical characterization of platelet lysate identified at least two stimulus‐specific inhibitory activities which differ in size, thermal stability and enzyme sensitivity. Platelet lysate also maximally inhibited neutrophil degranulation and chemotaxis at a ratio of 20 PEQ to 1 neutrophil. Our findings indicate that physiologically achievable levels of platelets or their products modulate the response of neutrophils in a stimulus‐specific manner and are thereby capable of potentially limiting tissue damage which accompanies neutrophil activation during inflammation.


Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulphur (S), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) nutrition of the Lentil-Mungbean-T. Aman rice sequences (L-M-R) are important for increasing crop productivity and improving soil fertility. Field experiments on Lentil-Mungbean-T. Aman rice cropping sequence was conducted in calcareous soils of Madaripur, Bangladesh tomeasure the crop yields, nutrient uptake and apparent balances. Four fertilizer treatments were considered viz . absolute nutrient control (T 1 ); farmer's practice (T 2 ); AEZ basis fertilizer application (T 3 ) and soil test basis fertilizer application (T 4 ). The treatments were compared in a randomized completely block design with three replications over two consecutive years. The average yields of lentil, mungbean and T. aman rice ranged from 675 to 1067 kg ha -1 , 1075 to 1801 kg ha -1 and 3049 to 4843 kg ha -1 , respectively showing T 4 as the best treatment. Soil test basis fertilizer application (T 4 ) exhibited the highest nutrients uptake by all tested crops. The apparent balance of N and K was negative; however it was less negative for T 2 and T 4 treatment. The apparent P balance was positive in T 2 , T 3 and T 4 but negative in T 1 . Positive S balance observed in T 3 and T 4 but negative in T 1 and T 2 . Zinc and B balance in the sequence was positive in case of T 3 and T 4 . Considering highest yield, gross margin and soil fertility have been recommended that the soil test basis fertilizer application is profitable for Lentil-Mungbean-T. Aman rice cropping sequence in calcareous soils of Bangladesh. The study clearly indicate a possibility for the re-adjustment of the N, P, K, S and micronutrients (Zn & B) fertilizer doses for the different rice-based cropping sequence in different agro-ecological zone of Bangladesh.


A concept and legislative providing of legal responsibility are examined for offences in the field of informative activity. Also in the article, becoming and development of legislation is analyzed about legal responsibility for offences in the field of informative activity.


New and modernized global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) are paving the way for an increasing number of applications in positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT). A combined GNSS constellation will significantly increase the number of visible satellites and, thus, will improve the geometry of observed satellites, enabling improvements in navigation solution availability, reliability, and accuracy. In this paper, a global positioning system (GPS) +Galileo robustness analysis is carried out for instantaneous single-frequency GNSS attitude determination. Precise attitude determination using multiple GNSS antennas mounted on a platform relies on successful resolution of the integer carrier-phase ambiguities. The multivariate-constrained least squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (MC-LAMBDA) method has been developed to resolve the integer ambiguities of the nonlinearly constrained GNSS attitude model that incorporates the known antenna geometry. In this paper, the method is used to analyze the attitude determination performance of a combined GPS +Galileo system. Special attention is thereby given to the GPS and Galileo intersystem biases (ISBs). The attitude determination performance is evaluated using GPS/Galileo data sets from a hardware-in-the-loop experiment and two real-data campaigns. In the hardware-in-the-loop experiment, a full GPS/Galileo constellation is simulated, and performance analyses are carried out under various satellite-deprived environments, such as urban canyons, open pits, and other satellite outages. In the first real-data experiment, single-frequency GPS data, combined with the data of Galileo in-orbit validation element (GIOVE) satellites GIOVE-A/GIOVE-B (the two experimental Galileo satellites), are used to analyze the two constellation attitude solutions. In the second real-data experiment, we present the results based on single-frequency data from one of the Galileo IOV satellites, combined with the data of GIOVE-A and GPS. We demonstrate and quantify the improved availability, reliability, and accuracy of attitude determination using the combined constellation.


The treatment challenge of obtaining lasting correction for resistant angulation, both medial and lateral, of the lesser toes has been well documented.':" The persistent crossover second toe is the most often cited, but the third and fourth toes can also drift, particularly after long-standing hallux valgus. This malalignment may cause problems with shoe wear, metatarsalgia, and/or cosmetic dissatisfaction. After a complete soft tissue release, deviating lesser toes can recur." We present a technique for adding a simple bone correction that can provide lasting correction as well as a cosmetically acceptable toe. Indications for basilar osteotomy of the proximal phalanx of the lesser toe are (1) resistant/recurrent angulatory deformities of the lesser toes, and; (2) failure to achieve angulatory reduction of lesser toes after complete soft tissue release of the deformity at the metatarsophalangeal joint.


This paper aims to examine the reasons for endorsing the idea of pre-reflective bodily self-consciousness. The guiding question will be: why should one think that any description of consciousness that posits PBS is correct? The aim of this discussion is to show how hard this question is to answer and the kinds of considerations that one should bring to bear in attempting to answer it. Keywords: explanation; phenomenology; bodily self-consciousness; attention; introspection


SIR,—In the course of redescribing some ogygiocaridinid trilobites from central Wales, it has come to my notice that Whittard (1955-1967) in his comprehensive monograph on the Ordovician trilobites of the Shelve inlier unfortunately perpetuated two rather confusing terms in his descriptions of the anterior branches of the facial sutures of some asaphids. The terms in question are 'niobiform' and 'isoteliform' which he used to describe sutures that were, fronta^y, marginal and intra-marginal respectively. These terms were first introduced by Raymond (1910, p. 37) who believed that the sutures in Niobe were marginal frontally, and that the two branches of the suture met in a point in the middle of the anterior margin in Isotelus. Lake (1942, p. 328) clearly pointed out, however, that the suture in Niobe is wholly dorsal-intra-marginal, although very close to the anterior margin. He thus proposed that the term niobiform should not be used and that if a name were required for sutures which are marginal frontally, the term nileiform should be used. Lake's clear arguments against the continued use of the term niobiform appear to have gone largely unnoticed by workers on Ordovician trilobites, with many authors continuing to use the term, including Harrington & Leanza (1957). The suppression of the term niobiform was again recommended in the 'Treatise' (061; Moore, 1959) but similarly this seems to have gone unheeded. In view of the above, together with the fact that Whittard clearly appreciated the problems that have arisen in the past due to confusion over the course of the facial sutures, it is difficult to appreciate why he continued the use of the term. Although the term isoteliform is not so unsatisfactory as niobiform, this term has been used to describe two slightly differing types of suture. Firstly it has been used to describe the pattern found in Isotelus in which the anterior branches meet within the margin and the median suture commences on the dorsal side of the exoskeleton. Secondly, it has also been used by various authors, including Whittard, to describe sutures which meet on the margin frontally and in which the median suture is wholly ventral. It would thus appear advisable to restrict or even discontinue the usage of this term also. If the usage of either of these terms is to be discontinued or restricted, the question arises as to what terms should replace them. It is believed that, since the basic development of all asaphid sutures is similar, it would be simplest to describe them all as asaphid type sutures, stating whether they are marginal or intra-marginal frontally, and whether a median suture is developed on the dorsal surface. Although many of the arguments above have been put forward before, it is felt that, because Whittard's monograph is likely to become one of the standard reference works on the Ordovician trilobites of the Anglo-Welsh region, it is worth while yet again to state the inadvisability of continuing the use of these terms in asaphid descriptions.


Abstract With the advancement of technology and the drastic increase in the number of noise sources, environmental noise emission is increasing year by year. In the case of urban dwellers, noise from road traffic accounts for the largest share of noise pollution, with a number of negative health effects. The aim of our research is to monitor the road noise emission of the city of Debrecen in detail, using hourly traffic data. After data processing, various situations were modeled according to the MSZ 15036:2002 standard with the help of the IMMI noise mapping program. Overall, it can be said that the studies we have carried out support the high level and increasing trend of noise exposure.


The article examines masochism as a concept of continental theory and philosophy, which has a positive potential. In contrast to clinical and psychoanalytic approaches that consider masochism as a negative phenomenon, there are two trends in French philosophy of the second half of the twentieth century: 1) masochism means priv- ileged access to truth (René Girard); 2) masochism is understood as a subversive practice that undermines the law (Gilles Deleuze). Both trends have had a signif- icant impact on modern theory, which applies masochistic logic to a variety of issues: defining male subjectivity, interpreting the concepts of classical aesthetics and describing ontological projects in terms of perversion, etc. The result is a theo- retical consensus that recognizes masochism as an essential concept of critical the- ory, which also brings masochism out of the shadow of the more influential notion of sadism.
The critical intuition of this article has its origins in two works — Jean-François Lyotard's book Libidinal Economy (1974) and Peter Strickland's film The Duke of Bur- gundy (2014). In both cases, there is an unexpected skepticism about the position that masochism has a positive potential (both political and epistemological). At the same time, it is important that Lyotard and Strickland's criticism of perversion is not carried out on the basis of a conservative position that defends the boundaries of normativity. Instead, it is proposed to clarify the hidden contradictions inherent in radical thought and art, inspired by the rehabilitation of the phenomenon of per- version. The main focus of the article is on the aporias of Deleuze's theory of mas- ochism. The influence of the work Masochism: Coldness and Cruelty (1967) makes
it especially important for the present study. The article focuses not on the innova- tive approach to Deleuze's masochism, but, on the contrary, on the lines of thought in which Deleuze inherits traditions. It is these premises that in many respects dem- onstrate the problematic nature of his approach. Analyzing these premises in the context of Lyotard's work and Strickland's film reveals the groundlessness of the expectances that modern theory associates with masochism.


A model is proposed which is similar in character to the Heisenberg ferromagnets in the vicinity of Curie points. Its mathematical structure resembles the Ising model. This model is convenient for investigating magnetic transitions. In one dimension, this model can be treated exactly: it is shown that there occurs no phase transition. The following results are obtained for the two or three dimensional cases: in anisotropic ferromagnets, as the transverse components becomes larger, the Curie point becomes lower; as the number of nearest neighbours becomes larger, the Curie point becomes higher and the anisotropy-dependence smaller. The theory is extended to the cases with higher spin values. In addition, the cross section of critical scattering is calculated using the Bethe approximation for the pair-product model. Finally, the singularity of the susceptibilities in the vicinity of the Curie point is discussed using the Pade approximation for the pair-product model.


He put me in a garden, and I spent my time lusting for what I didn't have. He asked me about my brother, and I refused to be his keeper. He gave me a rainbow, and I looked for a pot of gold. He offered me a land that flowed with milk and honey, but I was afraid of the neighbors. He made me a merchant and asked me to share his portion of the profit with the widows and orphans. I kept it all for myself. Then one day I felt a gentle hand anoint my eyes with moist clay. The film fell from my eyes, and I "let there be light."


Of some Affections of the Liver. There may be, and often is, a deficiency in the quantity of bile mixed with the alvine evacuations, without any disease in the structure of the liver. The faeces are more or less pale; but there is no hardness nor fulness in the region of the liver. Every thing there, upon the most attentive examination, is discovered to be soft and perfectly natural to the feeling. Mild purgative medicines, with small doses of the pilula hydrargyri, are commonly very useful in such cases. Four or live grains of the pilula hydrargyri should be given every night for some time, and the purgative every morning, or every other morning. The mercurial medicine should not be carried so far as to make any impression upon the constitution, if this can be avoided : it is only intended to stimulate the ducts of the liver. The best purgative medicine, upon the whole, is the sulphate of magnesia in moderate doses, so as to produce two or three evacuations daily. When the alvine discharges have for


The decomposition of large vertebrate carcasses generates small-scale disturbances characterized by changes in soil chemistry and new opportunities for plant establishment. Yet few studies have examined whether this effect is still evident several years after death, or has consequences for landscape-scale heterogeneity. We examined soil chemistry and plant species richness and composition at 12 kangaroo carcasses (~30 kg initial mass) five years after their initial placement. Each carcass was paired with a nearby "control" site for comparison. We found that soil phosphorus was eight times higher at carcasses than at control sites, but that nitrogen concentration was similar. We also found that plant composition was substantially different between each carcass and control pair, with 80% of carcasses dominated by exotic species (mostly weedy annuals). Notably, overall variability in plant species composition across carcass sites was not different from the variability at control sites, indicating that the colonization of carcasses by weedy species did not have a homogenizing effect on plant assemblages across our study landscape. Our study demonstrates that a localized effect of large vertebrate carcasses on soil and plants was still evident after five years, indicating a state shift in the soil–plant dynamics at a carcass site. However, the effect of carcasses on landscape-scale plant community heterogeneity was minimal because colonization was by weedy plants already present in the landscape.


Fruits and vegetable extracts are well-known as healthy foods. Such foods have been used as herbal medicines or traditional therapies for centuries. To assess biological activities in grapes, we examined the immunomodulating activities of water extracts from four kinds of grapes (cultivars Kyoho, Delaware, Campbell, and Niagara). We explored possible antioxidant and anticancer activities using antioxidant assays such as the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reduction assay, the ferric iron reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay, a cell proliferation assay, an NO inhibition assay, a wound healing assay, and an IL-4/IL-13 elicitation assay. Methanol extracts of grapes were tested. The results showed that each grape extract had potent antioxidant activities. The grape extracts increased cell proliferation and NO production activities in tumor cell lines. IL-4 and IL-13 cytokine levels were decreased in mouse primary spleen cells by treatment with any extract. These results suggest that grape extracts can be used as biomaterials with immunomodulating activities.


The invention relates to an energy storage device, comprising a plurality of serially connected in a power supply line in series energy storage modules which each comprise an energy storage cell module comprising at least one energy storage cell, and a coupling device with coupling members which are adapted to switch the energy storage cell module selectively in the power supply line or to bridge. The power storage cells and / or the energy storage cell modules are interchangeable configured.


Based on the fact that the current fragile watermarking scheme with the ability of tamper discrimination can not discriminate tampers effectively,a novel fragile watermarking scheme with the abilities of self-restoration and discrimination of tampers on image content or watermark was proposed.In this scheme,the authentication watermark is used to localize and discriminate tampers,and the resumptive watermark is utilized to resume the tampered image content.Theoretical analysis and experimental simulation show that the proposed scheme has good abilities of tamper discrimination,tamper localization and tamper restoring,even more the ability of resisting synchronization counterfeit attack and key analysis attack.


Current education issues are online and offline learning systems as a mitigation of learning loss. This study intends to investigate (1) the perception of the teachers and students on online and offline English learning systems and (2) The difficulties of teachers in online and offline English teaching-learning. The study attempted qualitative research. The subject of this study were two English teachers and students of SMPN 3 Tinambung. The data was gathered through questionnaires and interviews. The result indicates (1) The teachers' and students' perceptions towards online and offline English learning systems are determined by flexibility, interaction, and knowledge gained. In online learning, teachers have a negative perception of flexibility and interaction and a negative and positive perception of knowledge gained. Students have negative and positive perceptions of flexibility, a negative perception of interaction, and a positive perception of knowledge gained. Teachers and students have positively perceived flexibility, interaction, and knowledge gained on offline learning. (2) The teachers' difficulties were they had no good internet access and students' assessments in online teaching. The teachers' difficulties in the offline class were the students less concentration and focus and classroom management. This paper implies that both online and offline systems have obstacles in the English teaching-learning process


Objective To introduce the birth and development of model of end-stage liver disease(MELD) and evaluate its effect on liver transplantation(LT) as a new scoring system.Methods Literatures of MELD applied in LT were analyzed retrospectively.Results MELD scoring system was used for predicting the prognosis of patients with end-stage liver disease and the death risk of candidates on waiting LT extensively and the order of organ sharing was determined by its predicable results.Conclusion MELD has been had a successful initial implementation for predicting the short-term survival probability and mortality in patients with end-stage liver disease,and meeting the goal of providing a system of allocation that emphasizes the urgency of the candidate while diminishing the reliance on waiting time,which has been proven to be a powerful tool for auditing the liver allocation system.