into these lipids in sub-arachnoid The results show that the specific activity (counts per mg. of lipid P) of the three phosphoinositides increases in the order I < II < III. Typical values were I, 54; II, 202; III, 306. These are, of course, average values for all the phosphorus atoms in each molecule: enzymic removal of the phosphates from the 4- and 5-positions of the inositol of III showed that these phosphates had a much higher specific activity than the diester phosphate in the 1-position. Similar results have been obtained with rat brain in vivo and in vitro, with rabbit brain slices, Brockerhoff & Ballou Such findings are consistent with a biosynthetic scheme for compound III which involves stepwise phosphorylation of phosphatidyl inositol (I). The rapid turnover of the monoester phosphate in compounds II and III suggests a role in the transport of cations in nervous tissue. Experiments are in progress to attempt to obtain direct evidence for this. It has previously been shown that lipid is lost from guinea-pig lungs subjected to anaphylactic shock in vitro whilst undergoing perfusion with Tyrode solution through the pulmonary artery, and that these losses were largely prevented in lungs pretreated with anti-anaphylactic doses of ethanolamine (Smith, 1961). The following experiments were undertaken to establish whether or not similar changes occurred in guinea-pig lung as a result of anaphylaxis in vivo. Following anaphylaxis induced by exposing sensitized guinea pigs to aerosolized antigen, the following changes in the lipid content of the lungs have been observed: and a loss of phospholipid (15 % of during the 15 min. after shock; a the lipid the min. Fatty acids of the neutral-lipid and phospholipid fractions normal acid composition min. Studies are reported on the incorporation of [1-14C]acetate and [32P]orthophosphate into the lipids of rat-thymocyte suspensions in Krebs- Ringer bicarbonate and in plasma. A smear, stained with methyl green and pyronin, from a typical preparation contained 96-6 % small lymphocytes (thymocytes), 2-8 % large lymphocytes and 0-6 % other cells including polymorphs and red cells. Thymocytes differed from the residual thymus tissue from which they were initially separated in respect to (i) phospholipid composition, (ii) the incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate into the different phospholipid classes, (iii) the incorpora- tion of [14C]acetate into unsaponiflable lipid, neutral saponifiable lipid, and phospholipid. When thymocytes were incubated in plasma with [14C]acetate


Recently, the production of metal structural elements using additive processes is gaining popularity. They allow the production of an element of any geometry and structure, while reducing the mass of the produced part. Unfortunately, the AM technology causes structural elements to be burdened with numerous defects in the form of porosity, unmelted powder, weak interlayer bonds or residual stresses, etc. These defects translate into the possibility of an early, uncontrolled fatigue crack. For this reason, it is important to find ways to quickly detect damage caused by random variable loads. The work presents methods of diagnosing cracks and fatigue damage in structural elements produced using 3D printing. The division of research methods allowing for the detection of defects in structural elements and the characteristics of the most popular methods, taking into account their advantages and limitations, were presented. Methods appropriate for a given type of material, test conditions and damages are indicated. The most important methods of diagnosing defects in printed elements include: penetrating, ultrasonic, radiographic, eddy current and thermal imaging methods.


Cloud-based data storage service has drawn increasing interest from both academic and industry in recent years due to their efficient and low-cost management. Since it provides services in an open network, it is urgent for service providers to make use of secure data storage and sharing mechanism to ensure data confidentiality and service user privacy.
The most widely used method is encryption to protect sensitive data from being compromised. However, simply encrypting data (e.g., via AES) cannot fully address the practical need for data management. Besides, effective access control over download requests also needs to be considered so that Economic Denial of Sustainability (EDoS) attacks cannot be launched to hinder users from enjoying service.
In this project, we consider dual access control, in the context of cloud-based storage, in the sense that we design a control mechanism over both data access and download requests without loss of security and efficiency. Two dual access control systems are designed in this paper, each for a distinctly designed setting. The security and experimental analysis for the systems are also presented.


E-Learning is a learning and teaching model that is designed to be carried out by using electronic media [1]. It is less expensive than the traditional learning approach, not limited to a specific geographic location and more flexible in terms of time. It is intended to replace the traditional learning in places where it cannot operate. While the computers make the learning easier, Internet technology acts as a communication bridge interconnecting other computers and people making the learning process interactive [2].


The sections in this article are

Scope
Introduction and History of Tertiary Ethers
Chemistry
Main Etherification Reactions
Most Important Side Reactions
Thermodynamics of Ether Reactions
Kinetic Models

Other Ethers
Heavier Ethers
C8 Alkenes
Higher Alcohols

Polyfunctional Ethers

Catalysts
Acidic Ion-Exchange Resins
Zeolites and Modified Zeolites
Other Acidic Catalysts
Catalyst Deactivation

Raw Materials and Products
Typical Raw Materials
Feed Stream Treatment
Ether Products
Hydrocarbon Products

Processes
Operating Conditions
Processes for MTBE Production
Conventional MTBE Units
Reactive Distillation in MTBE Production

Processes for ETBE Production
Conversion of MTBE Plants for ETBE Production
Processes for TAME Production
Multipurpose Processes for Production of Ethers

Diesel Ethers
Dimethyl Ether
Properties of Dimethyl Ether
Processes for Dimethyl Ether Production

Di-n-Pentyl Ether

The Future

Keywords:

etherification;
ethers;
gasoline;
diesel


OBJECTIVE
To verify the reliability of a STOP-Bang questionnaire and objective blood oxygen concentration (SpO2) estimation by pulse oximetry as an indicator of patients' vulnerability to OSA, by correlating data of these two tests with that of the "gold standard" all-night polysomnography.

METHODS
STOP-Bang score and pulse oximetry value (SpO2) for each patient were tabulated against the total sleep AHI score (obtained from subsequent all-night polysomnography) and analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the STOP-Bang questionnaire and pulse oximetry.

RESULTS
With sensitivity and specificity scores of 91.2% and 88.6%, respectively, positive predictive value 90.5%, negative predictive value 40.2%, the twin diagnostic test (STOP-Bang and pulse oximetry) was found to be highly congruent with the polysomnography (PSG), achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 85%.

CONCLUSION
Dental chairside screening by STOP-Bang questionnaire and pulse oximetry would be a good option, especially where logistic and economic constraints impede all-night polysomnography.


This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between theory of mind and peer attachment in adolescence. Theory of mind can be defined as the 'ability to attribute mental states to one's self and others in order to explain and predict behaviour' (Happe 1998, p.358). There has been ample research into both theory of mind and attachment quality but it is predominantly carried out in young children and often into older adults, but the period of adolescence represents an age that is overlooked often in theory of mind and attachment research. Participants took part in the theory of mind story task adapted from (Happe 1994) and the Experiences in Close Relationship questionnaire adapted from (Brennan, Clark and Shaver, 1998). It was hypothesized that theory of mind scores would be predictive of attachment security or insecurity. Results from the study showed that there was a moderate positive correlation reported between attachment related anxiety and theory of mind, (r =0.45, n =50, p< 0.001. Implications of this research and suggestions for further research are discussed in this paper along with some minor limitations which arose whilst carrying out the research.


Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy can achieve high sensitivity, high resolution and non-contact detection of trace gas. But the second harmonic signal will change with the temperature and pressure, resulting a large error in the measurements. Therefore, it is necessary to perform temperature and pressure correction for the measured values. The paper uses two methods of correction to do comparing experiment, one method is polynomial correction and another is BP neural network correction. The experimental results show that the maximum percent error after polynomial correction is 8.01%, while the total percent error after BP Neural network correction is 4.707%. It is obvious that the latter is better than the former on correction effect. The two correction methods all improve the measurement accuracy of CO detection system in varying degree.


Objective To investigate the treatment methods. Some matters needing attention and effectsin cases with auxiliary orthodontic treatment before prosthetic restoration. Methods By adhering the bracket to the movable teeth and holding the butment erect or adjusting edentulous space depend on different clinical needs. Results With auxiliary orthodontic treatment, 54 cases obtain satisfaction on the results. Conclusions Be treated with auxiliary orthodontic treatment before prosthetic restoration, restoration become comparatively easy to carry out as grasping many advantages. It's propitious to stability, retention and pleasant appearance of the prosthesis.


The Phrommas is one of the best-known episodes from the Thai masked dance-drama called khon, whose narrative is adapted from the Indian epic, the Ramayana – in Thai tradition the Ramakian. The dramatic text and its music together form the Phrommas repertoire, arranged by Prince Narisaranuvatiwongse in 1899, which continues to be performed to the present day. This research considers the repertoire from three main perspectives: 1) its significance in relation to the theatre, 2) the musical characteristics of the individual pieces which constitute it, and 3) its current state within modern Bangkok.
The significance of the Phrommas repertoire is constructed through both internal and external factors. Internal significance is found mostly within conventional meanings that enable a tradition of using pieces of pre-existing music within the directionality of the Phrommas narrative, whereas external significance is manifest through three main aspects involving cultural association: 1) creation and function, 2) transformation and continuation, 3) interpretation and implication. The characteristics of the music reflect a wide range of refined musical techniques, which require complex inculturation in order to be understood. Direct expression is found in the delivery of the text and specific musical devices, whereas indirect theatrical meaning is reflected not only through a conventional musical implication, but also the individual interpretation of the musicians. The current state of the Phrommas repertoire in modern Bangkok largely depends on the patronage system associated with government and royal institutions, with these aspects contributing in turn to the structural issues of performance and transmission, which thereby bring about the continued relevance, popularity, and sustained future of the Phrommas repertoire in Thai society. The Phrommas repertoire thus emerges as a multi-expressive art form demonstrating a particular and revealing instance of how music is created, transmitted, used and survives within its culture.


14 Small plastic detritus, termed 'microplastics', are a widespread and ubiquitous contaminant of 15 marine ecosystems across the globe. Ingestion of microplastics by marine biota, including mussels, 16 worms, fish and seabirds, has been widely reported, but despite their vital ecological role in marine 17 food-webs, the impact of microplastics on zooplankton remains under-researched. Here, we show 18 that microplastics are ingested by, and may impact upon, zooplankton. We used bio-imaging 19 techniques to document ingestion, egestion and adherence of microplastics in a range of 20 zooplankton common to the northeast Atlantic, and employed feeding rate studies to determine the 21 impact of plastic detritus on algal ingestion rates in copepods. Using fluorescence and coherent anti22 Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy we identified that thirteen zooplankton taxa had the 23


Author(s): Byrley, Peter Samuel | Advisor(s): Yan, Ruoxue | Abstract: Flexible electronics have been proposed as the next generation of electronic devices. They have advantages over traditional electronics in that they use less material, are more durable and have greater versatility in their proposed applications. However, there are a variety of types of devices being developed that have specific engineering challenges. This dissertation addresses two of those challenges. The first challenge involves lowering contact resistance in MoS2 based flexible thin film transistor devices using a photochemical phase change method while the second addresses using silver nanowire networks as a replacement flexible electrode for indium tin oxide in flexible electronics.In this dissertation, a scalable method was developed for making monolayer MoS2 using ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition. These films were then characterized using spectroscopic techniques and atomic force microscopy. A photochemical phase change mechanism was then proposed to improve contact resistance in MoS2 based devices. The central hypothesis is that the controllable partial transition from a semiconducting 2H to metallic 1T phase can be realized in monolayer TMDs through photo-reduction in the presence of hole scavenging chemicals. Phase-engineering in monolayer TMDs would enable the fabrication of high-quality heterophase structures with the potential to improve carrier mobility and contact. Phase change as a result of the proposed photochemical method was confirmed using Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence measurements, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy and other supporting data.Gold coated silver nanowires were then created to serve as flexible nanowire based electrodes by overcoming galvanic replacement in solution. This was confirmed using various forms of electron microscopy. The central hypothesis is that a thin gold coating will enable silver nanowire meshes to remain electrically stable in atmosphere and retain necessary low resistance values and transparencies over time. It was shown that gold coated silver nanowire meshes could be created with sheet resistances comparable to indium tin oxide and outlast their bare silver nanowire counterparts in environments at 80 deg C.


Special landscape and genetic diversity of biological resources on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were the carrier of cultural and material civilization of Tibetan.In this paper,cause of formation,genetic diversity and landscape diversity on the Tibetan Plateau were reviewed.


The integration of remote and diverse resources and the increasing computational needs of Grand challenges problems combined with faster growth of the internet and communication technologies leads to the development of global computational grids. Grid computing is a prevailing technology, which unites underutilized resources in order to support sharing of resources and services distributed across numerous administrative region. An efficient and effective scheduling system is essentially required in order to achieve the promising capacity of grids. The main goal of scheduling is to maximize the resource utilization and minimize processing time and cost of the jobs. In this research, the objective is to prioritize the jobs based on execution cost and then allocate over the resources with minimum cost by merging it with conventional job grouping strategy to provide solution for better and more efficient job scheduling which is beneficial to both user and resource broker. The proposed scheduling approach in grid computing employs a dynamic cost-based job scheduling algorithm for making efficient mapping of job to available resources in grid. It also improves communication to computation ratio (CCR) and utilization of available resources by grouping the user jobs before resource allocation. General Terms Algorithm, GridSim.


The development of intelligent systems to support maritime situation awareness is the main goal of the SEAGULL project. By equipping unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with different types of optical sensors we target an intelligent maritime surveillance system. In this paper we present experiments performed with an hyperspectral camera to detect oil spills. We have developed a detection algorithm that automatically informs the base station of an oil spill in case a spectral signature recognized as oil is found on open sea. This contributes significantly to the generation of situational awareness of maritime events such as detection and georeferencing of oil spills or hazardous and noxious substances. After a brief overview of the SEAGULL platform and architecture, we focus on presenting the algorithms for automatic detection of oil spills with a hyperspectral camera on board an UAV.


Oxidation-microelectrolysis-air stripping process was used to treat the wastewater from DSD acid production with characteristics of high temperature, bad biochemical degradability, high ammonia nitrogen content and hardly be biochemical treated, and a good effect was obtained. When the average mass concentration of COD and ammonia nitrogen were 533.6 mg/L and 319.4 mg/L respectively, the colority was 180 times, the average mass concentration of COD and ammonia nitrogen in the effluent water were 152.2 mg/L and 29.9 mg/L respectively after the treatment, the removal rate were 71.5% and 90.6% respectively, and the removal rate of colority also reached 99%. The water quality of the final effluent meet the secondary discharging standard of GB 8978-1996.


To determine the mass transport characteristics in rivers, a LagrangianParticle-Tracking-Method (LPTM) based on random walk simulations has been developed. In a first step the accuracy of this model formulation has been tested using analytical results for horizontal shear flow in an infinite wide channel. To implement the effect of second order processes as they are given for example by the mass exchange with dead-water zones, a modified boundary condition has been introduced that allows to reduce the transport velocity of the tracer mass in the system. The model has been used to determine transport characteristics in a section of the river Rhine. The results are compared with tracer experiments that have been performed for different hydrological conditions.


Abstract The paper describes a three-dimensional photoelastic analysis of a series of Araldite models, each containing five or six different offset-oblique holes positioned in such a way that there were no 'interaction' effects between neighbouring holes. The geometric parameters defining a hole were varied systematically and the elastic stress distribution around the outer edge of each hole was obtained. The stress data are presented in non-dimensional form in terms of the shear stress in a plain cylinder. The dependence of the maximum stress on the geometric variables is discussed and it is shown that the stress concentrations for a wide range of hole/cylinder parameters can be reasonably well predicted from flat plate data. In some cases the predictions are unconservative.


The purpose of this research is to explore and examine the Brand Management alternatives, more specifically the Brand Associations in the Indian automobile industry. The study attempts to examine and to establish the relationship between the market performance and the Brand Management alternatives through the establishment of Brand Image, Brand Awareness /Brand Knowledge, Brand Identity, Brand Loyalty, Perceived Quality, Brand associations. Probably the marketing Managers of the automobile companies may understand the sensitivity of Brand Associations and the extent to which they may/may not influence the market performance of the companies. Factor analysis and integrated analysis techniques are used to determine the principal components of various Brand Associations related to select automobile companies in India. The survey is conducted in the Mysore city of Karnataka state. The companies like Maruti-Suzuki, Tata motors, Toyota motors, Hyundai motors and Mahindra & Mahindra are considered for the survey. A sample of 174 passenger car users are identified by using Snow Ball technique & interviewed and the cognitive responses are noted .The research is conducted in four quarters of the year 2014 to ensure randomness and to reduce the monotony of the feedback given by the respondents. The research attempts to record the best possible empirical evidences to build the relationship between the Brand Associations and Market performance. Introduction: The American Marketing association quote's that a Brand may be a name, term, symbol, sign or a combination of them intended to identify the products or services and to differentiate from the competitors. Brand Management: It includes all the techniques leveraged to establish, to promote and protect the integrity of a company's product or service. Brand Management techniques are crucial in establishing an authoritative Brand and to create the ability for a brand for global performance. Brand Management is the process of maintaining, improving, and upholding a brand so that the name is associated with its positive results. Proper brand management techniques can result in higher sales, better Brand Trust and the enhanced Brand value. Branding or Brand Management is a way of making a differentiation in ownership and it gives a quality image to the whole business. In a nut shell Brand Management includes the whole of managerial competencies required to manage both tangible and intangible characteristics of a Brand. Brand management is virtually a bunch of complex marketing functions. Brand Management: It includes all the techniques leveraged to establish, to promote and protect the integrity of a company's product or service. Brand Management techniques are crucial in establishing an authoritative Brand and to create the ability for a brand for global performance. Brand Management is the process of maintaining, improving, and upholding a brand so that the name is associated with its positive results. Proper brand management techniques can result in higher sales, better Brand Trust and the enhanced Brand value. Branding or Brand Management is a way of making a differentiation in ownership and it gives a quality image to the whole business. In a nut shell Brand Management includes the whole of managerial competencies required to manage both tangible and intangible characteristics of a Brand. Brand management is virtually a bunch of complex marketing functions. Functions Expected Benefits to Consumers Identification. To be clearly seen ,to make up the offer, To quickly identify the sought after products Practicality. To allow savings of time and energy through identical repurchasing and loyalty. Guarantee. To be sure of finding the same quality no matter where, when you buy the product or service. Optimization. To be sure of buying the best product in its category, the best performer for a particular purpose. Characterization. To have confirmation of your self-image/Status or the image that you present to others. {Social status and Social approval}. Continuity. Satisfaction brought about familiarity, intimacy and an amount of emotional tag with the brand that you have been ensuring for the years. Hedonistic. Satisfaction linked to the attractiveness of the Brand, to its logo and to its communication. Ethical. Satisfaction linked to the responsible behaviour of the Brand in its relationship towards society. Brand Equity: Decision Tree Approach According to David Aaker (1996), Brand Equity refers to a set of assets and Liabilities linked to a Brand, its name, Symbol, performance and customer satisfaction. As per the literature so far available on Brand Equity and conceptual understanding I can suggest an innovative model for understanding the concept of Brand Equity by using Decision Tree Approach, which can be further developed as Stochastic Variable Method for measuring and reportingbrand Equity. The model suggested below is derived from the earlier contributions by DavidAaker and Kevin Lane Keller.


Policy changes in Indonesian banking from 1983 through 1990 saw the removal of controls on interest rates, lending, and expansion of branch networks, and of barriers to entry. The dismantling of loan subsidy programmes financed by the central bank ran in parallel with these changes. Private banks have been enabled to erode rapidly the market share of the previously dominant, but less efficient and less customeroriented, state banks. Despite the impressive progress resulting from these reforms, however, interventionist policy has been making a comeback during the 1990s, and the central bank still maintains its role as a significant supplier of subsidised loans.


The aim of this study is to examine the influence total coverage of directors' and officers' liability insurance on investment efficiency with managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and characteristics of the company's insurer as a moderating variable. This study also uses two control variables such as asset tangibility and financial slack. The population used in this study consist of firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014 who bought the directors' and officers' liability insurance. The sampling method used in this study is purposive sampling and obtained 32 samples. This study uses multiple regression analysis technique. The results of this study show that total coverage of directors' and officers' liability insurance has negatively significant influenced on investment efficiency. Managerial ownership and institutional ownershipreduce the negative influence total coverage of directors' and officers' liability insurance on investment efficiency. While, the characteristics of the company's insurer does not moderate significantly the influence totalcoverage of directors' and officers' liability insurance on investment efficiency.


We investigated the factors affecting the lumen maintenance of ceramic metal halide lamps using polycrystalline alumina arc tubes with NaI-T1I-DyI3 and NaI-DyI3. As a result, we found that the following phenomena of the arc tubes were the deteriorating factors. (1) Wall blackening due to deposition of residual carbon within the arc tube. (2) Deteriorating translucency originating from a formation of a 3Dy203-5Al203 garnet, thermal etching of alumina, and abnormal growth of alumina grains. To prevent the above phenomena, the amount of residual carbon on the tungsten electrodes should be reduced to less than lOppm and the wall temperature of burning arc tubes should be kept between 950t and 1050t .


AbstractA review of the last 50 years finds that the traditional breakdown of Soviet cartography into its specialized research disciplines no longer conforms to current needs. Soviet cartography has been divided historically into mathematical cartography, map science (the study of maps and their uses), map compilation and editing, map design and production. A growing specialization in cartography by thematic disciplines (geomorphic mapping, agricultural mapping, etc.) with widely differing requirements and principles of compilation and editing suggests the need for a restructuring of the research disciplines. In addition to mathematical cartography, concerned with map projections and map measurements, the new structure would include: technical cartography (the study of source materials, map design and production); natural-historic cartography (principles of compilation and editing of maps of the physical environment), and socioeconomic cartography (concerned with the mapping of human phenomena).


Abstract. Dust and tea powder produced negatively impact the health of the respiratory tract. Workers in the production department at PT Gunung Subur Sejahtera tea factory have the potential to experience respiratory problems because they are often exposed to tea dust and powder. The writing of this article aims to identify the role of masks as a deterrent to respiratory problems in workers at PT Gunung Subur Sejahtera. The research method used is descriptive qualitative case study approach in workers' environment at PT Gunung Subur Sejahtera, Karanganyar. The results showed that disposable masks commonly used by workers in tea companies had three layers of protection that were able to filter particles up to 0.1 µmv so that they were effective in preventing bacteria, viruses, and especially dust particles that were inhaled with respiratory air. By using masks when working, workers is able to minimize the intensity of exposure to dust particles that can be inhaled. In addition to the intensity of the exposure, the particle size that might escape the mask becomes small. Thus, the mask can be used as an effective personal protective medium to reduce the risk of respiratory distress in the workforce.


The G-20 or The Group of Twenty is a group consisting of 19 countries with major economies plus 1 European Union. This group was formed in 1999 as a systematic forum with the aim of discussing important issues or problems related to the world economy. The countries included in the G-20 include Australia, Canada, Saudi Arabia, United States, India, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, China, India, Japan, and South Korea. From these data it can be concluded that the G-20 Summit is a forum capable of improving the standard of living of many people because of its ability to produce international policies, laws and regulations. Indonesia was once in the world's spotlight because in November 2022, Indonesia will host the G-20 Summit in Nusa Dua, Bali, to be precise. Ordinary people use Twitter to express emotions related to something, both negative and positive emotions. With the implementation of sentiment analysis data from tweets from 500 data tweets using the Naive Bayes algorithm, the result is an accuracy of 69%. The accuracy value with class precision for positive predictions is 78%, while the class precision accuracy value for negative predictions is 36%. The positive class recall accuracy value is 81%, while the negative class recall accuracy value is 32%.


Abstract Described within is an effort whereby an industrial waste was evaluated with respect to it's environmental impact when disposed of in a municipal sanitary landfill. Discussed are all aspects of the waste disposal from initial sampling and analysis, regulating approval, leaching and toxicity tests, as well as actual excavation and disposal.


A microturbidimetric procedure for the assay of polymyxin M activity was developed. The assay is performed in polystyrene 96-well plates usually used for immunological tests.


This paper presents a broadband coaxial rotary joint with simple single-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeder. The annular slot etched on the surface of SIW can effectively convert TE10 mode in the rectangle SIW into the rotational symmetric TEM mode in the coaxial line. Broadband impedance matching can be achieved because the additional capacitive coupling between the short-circuited circular metallic patch and coaxial line. Comparing with previous SIW fed rotary joints, the proposed design has the advantages of wider bandwidth and simpler feeding structure. The equivalent circuit is given to explain the design. A prototype centered at 12 GHz is fabricated with the 10-dB impedance matching bandwidth of 24.9% and the minimum insertion loss of 0.3 dB.


Data were collected from 100 subjects for a series of music tests and standardized tests of intelligence and cognitive abstraction. Music tests focused on abstraction of tonality. Three tests employed the probe‐tone technique [C. L. Krumhansl and E. J. Kessler, Psych. Rev. 89, 334–368 (1982)] for both harmonic and melodic materials. Four other tests collecting tonality ratings with melodic sequences and chord progressions were constructed for this study. The subject sample comprised the following ranges: age (18–40 years); general education (7–22 years); music education (none to professional). Results confirmed the reliability of the probe‐tone technique. Results for all music tests were significantly intercorrelated and significantly correlated with music theoretic predictions. Amount of music training, but not level of general intellectual functioning or level of general education, was implicated in the subject's responses to music tests. [Work supported by NSERC.]


Objective To confirm the distribution of high arsenic drinking water and the situation of endemic arsenism in Hubei Province, to provide reference basis for prevention and control of endemic arsenic disease. Methods Using typical investigation and sample investigation in 2006 and 2007, the arsenic content of water was detected sampled from 19 counties(cities or communities). And those water samples which were close to or exceeded the stipulated standard were rechecked by the national standard method. Furthermore, the situation of endemic arsenism was investigated in the cities having high arsenic contents of water. Results In 2006,10 028 water samples of 446 villages in 6 counties (cities or communities) were tested, the wells of high arsenic (> 0.05 mg/L) were found in 5 counties (cities or communities) and the proportion of the well that exceeded stipulated standard was 5.29%(530/10 028); In 2007,19 086 water samples of 1282 villages in 17 counties(cities or communities) were tested, the wells of high arsenic were found in 11 counties(cities or communities), and the proportion of the well that exceeded stipulated standard was 1.74%(333/19 086). In these two years, 29 114 water samples were tested, in which 863 water samples were exceeding the stipulated standard. The 2.96% of total wells exceeded stipulated standard and mainly distributed in 179 villages of 12 counties(cities or communities). And the highest arsenic content of water sample was 2.012 mg/L. In the endemic arsenism area, 2 critical, 1 moderate and 1 mild arsenism patients had been found. Conclusions The water of high arsenic content are scattered in Hubei Province and the situation of endemic arsenism disease is mild. Improving water aiming at decreasing arsenic and establishing patient files should be carried out immediately.

Key words:
Drinking;  Arsenic poisoning;  Data collection


Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) deficiency is an X-linked disorder resulting from an impairment of the transcellular transportation of thyroid hormones. Within the central nervous manuscript review and corrections. JLS: data collection and analysis, manuscript review and corrections. CDC: genetic analysis, manuscript review and corrections. FN: genetic analysis, manuscript review and corrections. ADG: data collection and analysis, manuscript review and corrections. AM: data collection and analysis, manuscript review and corrections. FT: neuroimaging evaluation, manuscript review and corrections. JEBH: data collection and analysis, manuscript review and corrections. OZ: genetic analysis, manuscript review and corrections. UB: data collection and analysis, manuscript review and corrections. SO: study design, data collection and analysis, manuscript review and corrections. system thyroid hormone transport is normally mediated by MCT8. Patients are described as affected by a static or slowly progressive clinical picture which consists of variable degrees of mental retardation, hypotonia, spasticity, ataxia and involuntary movements, occasionally paroxysmal. The authors describe the clinical and neuroradiological picture of 3 males patients with marked delayed brain myelination and in which the clinical picture was dominated by early onset nonparoxismal extrapyramidal symptoms. In one subject a novel mutation is described.


The education system at the tahfiz Islamic boarding school is the same as the Islamic boarding school education system in general, namely there is a curriculum, learning methods, places of study and so on, it's just that there are differences from one hut to another so that it has its own uniqueness in observing it. This study aims to explain and analyze the Tahfiz Al-Qur'an Islamic Boarding School Curriculum in South Kalimantan. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative. There are several tahfiz Islamic boarding schools in South Kalimantan which are the research locations. The findings in this study are that the curriculum in each typology (model) of the Tahfiz Al-Qur'an pesantren has differences. Even within one typology there are some minor differences in the curriculum implemented by the Tahfiz Al-Qur'an pesantren. However, the similarity in the elements of implementing tahfiz Al-Qur'an education makes it found that differences in one typology or model of Islamic boarding school become very minor. In the first typology (model A), the tahfiz Al-Qur'an pesantren curriculum is formulated to support the main program, namely memorizing 30 chapters of the Al-Qur'an. While tahfiz Al-Qurʹan Islamic boarding schools are in model B, it is found that the Al-Qurʹan educational curriculum allocates more time for the tahfiz Al-Qurʹan program, in addition to implementing the existing formal curriculum from the ministry of religion at the Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) and and Madrasah Aliyah (MA).


Fifty-two of digital, metacarpal or metatarsal canine tumors and 48 pododermatitis lesions were reviewed retrospectively. The tumors were divided into 42 malignant neoplasms, 6 benign neoplasms and 4 non-neoplastic tumor-like growths. The distribution and radiographic changes of the lesions associated with the tumors and inflammation were compared. Pododermatitis and benign processes could not be radiographically differentiated from malignant neoplasms of the foot; however, lesions exhibiting osteolysis were more likely (p < 0.05) to be associated with malignant neoplasms.


A composite cutting tool material,consisting of Q235 and CrWMn steel,was prepared by composite casting and hot rolling process.Through vacuum melting and casting,followed by hot rolling deformation with a relative reduction larger than 90%,excellent metallurgical bonding between the component materials was obtained,with an interface layer of only 10 to 40 μm wide.Heat treatment experiments with different cooling modes were carried out.The results showed that after air cooling or oil quenching,a mixture microstructure of ferrite and pearlite in Q235 was formed.While in the side of CrWMn,a martensite structure with a micro hardness of 600 to 750 HV was found.The composite material exhibits the excellent comprehensive mechanical properties of both high toughness and strength.


The software development community is adopting the Event-Driven Architecture (EDA) to provide scalable web services, most prominently through Node.js. Though the EDA scales well, it comes with an inherent risk: the Event Handler Poisoning (EHP) Denial of Service attack. When an EDA-based server multiplexes many clients onto few threads, a blocked thread (EHP) renders the server unresponsive. EHP attacks are a serious threat, with hundreds of vulnerabilities already reported in the wild. We make three contributions against EHP attacks. First, we describe EHP attacks, and show that they are a common form of vulnerability in the largest EDA community, the Node.js ecosystem. Second, we design a defense against EHP attacks, first-class timeouts, which incorporates timeouts at the EDA framework level. Our Node.cure prototype defends Node.js applications against all known EHP attacks with overheads between 0% and 24% on real applications. Third, we promote EHP awareness in the Node.js community. We analyzed Node.js for vulnerable APIs and documented or corrected them, and our guide on avoiding EHP attacks is available on nodejs.org.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical education subjects for student with disability at D university. The subjects gathered through purposive sampling were 4 students with disability who participated in the physical education subjects for student with disability and 2 staffs of D university. Collected Data were analyzed through literature analysis and a survey form semi-structured based on the researchers'' opinion and referred to during the in-depth interview. The findings are as follows: first, historical particularity of D university effected on developing physical education subject for students with disability. Second, experience of participants on physical education subject was analyzed. Third, there was some inconvenience in physical education subject for students with disability. Lastly, it drew way to improve the physical education subject for students with disability. Finally, university had to provide high quality physical education for students with disability because of university enrollment rate of student with disability is increasing so university should strive to provide physical education subjects that take into account the specificity of students with disability.


The essays in this symposium make a case for taking the body seriously as a dimension of?even a foundation for?discourse. While I wholly endorse this project, I think there is a danger that its implications will be misunderstood. As a way of clarifying the precise trajectory of the overall argument that the authors are variously presenting, I want to suggest one emendation. I think that the body is already being taken seriously, indeed too seriously, in the conventional rationalistic discourse these papers address. By "too seriously," I mean simply that the body is seen in rationalistic discourse as an object, a reified thing. The consequence of this reification is that the body is effectively located outside discourse. The idea of the body functions as a limit to discourse or as an objective reference point beyond which discourse cannot move. In other words, the body is employed to serve as an objective boundary for thought itself. To me conceptualizing the body in this way impedes and distorts discourse rather than acting to enhance or ground it. The question of how the human body might come into play in discourse is, therefore, more subtle and complex than it first appears. In addition to invoking the body-as-object as a way of limiting discourse by making the body a super ordinate reference point for it, theorists of rationalism also employ the body in the reverse way, by denying that embodiment is relevant at all to discourse. They are invested in limiting discourse so as to ensure a certain power position with which they are identified. The "official" policy that they have promulgated on the matter is that the body is irrelevant to discourse, that only ideas themselves count, irrespective of anything having to do with the corporeal context from which they emanate. We know, of course, that this official policy is honored in the breach, a point that can be seen vividly in cases like that of Barbara McClintock, whose genetic research went unappreciated and even unacknowledged?until finally she was awarded a Nobel Prize?largely because her body was gendered female. Numerous bodily characteristics?degree of conventional attractiveness, racial and ethnic traits, social class markers, etc.?come into play in the dynamics of discourse and distort or prejudice it. On a related note,


This essay reflects on contemporary justifications for the grading of crimes, especially the conception that the gravity of crimes is rooted in "desert," understood to depend particularly on the offender's state of mind and to a lesser extent on the harm done or threatened to society. Drawing on Dante's Inferno, the essay shows how the gravity of crimes is socially constructed. For reasons rooted in the sociopolitical forces, as well as the philosophy and law of his day, Dante found the crimes most deserving of punishment to be those of betrayal of trust. He conceived such crimes to be the most deliberate and to do the most damage to the social fabric. Contemporary law has found that crimes of betrayal are generally less deserving of punishment than crimes of violence; the essay shows how social and historical forces, including even the traditions upon which Dante drew, have shaped this choice. In the course of grading crimes in this way, the law has altered its conceptions of "intent" as well as of harm to society so radically that the notion of "desert" has lost much of its coherence. The importance of trust in modern society, moreover, has been misunderstood in the contemporary grading of crimes.


This paper analyzes the comments that were published (Olivares Campino, 2014) in response to a previous article of mine on the teaching of chemical formulation in the secondary school classroom (Fernandez Gonzalez, 2013). It highlights the disparity between the science teaching approach in my article and the discipline-oriented approach in the comments responding to my article. The author of the response interprets the differences between the two approaches as errors when these differences actually stem from a process of didactic transposition that adapts expert knowledge to the needs of secondary school students. This paper defends the coherence of my proposal for the teaching of chemical formulation, which is based on the historical atomic model and the concept of valence. This proposal is thus a science classroom model, which can change and evolve as the student reaches higher academic levels. Without a single reference to PCK, the response to my article mainly focuses on aspects related to norms and standards as well as to the discipline itself. This paper satisfactorily addresses these criticisms and underlines that formulation is a means of learning Chemistry and should not be conceived as an end in itself.


Objective  To describe and compare the current clinical features of diploid and triploid molar pregnancy and to evaluate whether the presenting clinical features can predict the ploidy of a molar pregnancy.


Stage directors see in theatrical texts a basis for developing a personal or contemporary point of view that will lead to a novel production, ideally one that will appeal to today's audiences. Dance historians on the other hand seek to understand and reveal the point of view of dancers and choreographers long gone, and insofar as possible to recover the contexts of works created by others. These different approaches may be reconciled if the stage director can accept an historically informed approach as a valid point of departure, one that is true to the essence of the work in question.


Background and Objective: Azolla pinnata extract is rich in metabolites that belongs to carotenoids group and which can be used as an effective source of medicine.
Methods: In this research, the factorial experiments under the completely randomized design with 8 combined treatments of N. P. K at three replicates were carried out for assessment of quantitative changes of Apo-carotenoids in Azolla extract. during two growth stages (Green and Red stages of leaves) the sampling was performed to the evaluation of desired metabolites, first of all, the cell wall was broken by sodium hydroxide in the water bath at 55¬°C, then the extraction was performed by DMSO solvent.
Findings: The analysis of mean comparisons by protected Fischer test at the probability level of 5% (P<0.05) in GenStat 12.1 software were showed significant increases under the applied treatments in two growth stages between the compared metabolites amounts includes pigments A&B, B- carotene, Astaxanthin, Lycopene, and Pheophytin. So that metabolites amount in green stage of Azolla were measured 112.5, 23, 74.8, 30.7, 14.0255 and 18 µg/g and also 20.6, 191, 180, 169.9, 37.5, 67 µg/g respectively in red stage.
Discussion and Conclusions: The results showing that the Azolla can be used as a substitute for low-yielding sources of natural pigments due to high-level biomass production in per unit area, after quality-related studies.


Abstract:The Nouvelles ecclésiastiques, the popular eighteenth-century Jansenist periodical, is a bellwether for changes in the priorities of the Jansenist movement. The annual frontispieces that decorated many editions of the paper from 1727 to 1763 are a site where these priorities are presented in an evolving visual rhetoric. Early images that focus on theological struggle, centered on ecclesiastical actors, gradually give way to a neoclassical visual sensibility in conjunction with an increasing emphasis on "bon François" political concerns. By examining these frontispieces, we can trace a gradual Jansenist shift towards patriotic politics.


As error analysis relating to English writing has been advanced, error analysis on English writing in the high school is much less concerned. Moreover, the great significance of English writing in the high school has been recognized by teachers and educators. And as an efficient and effective way to figure out students' mastery of English, error analysis has gained its popularity in the process of teaching English writing. Thus, it is necessary for teachers to pay attention to error analysis and apply it into their teaching.


The Days of Childhood written by Shi Shuqing review the surrounding and the experience in his childhood by the form of western modernism.The novel describes a nativel land in morbid state,and reflects the horror about death and the nightmare feeling,which reveal the deep influence of Chinese traditional culture and western modernism on the author


Section 1 Introduction: what is integrative health care? how to talk to patients about integrative health care. Section 2 Using integrative health care principles in your own life: being well, being a role model mind, body and now...spirit. Section 3 Using integrative health care in your practice: patient-centred and relationship-centred care the role of mid-level practitioners reimbursement, liability and other practice issues continuing education in integrative health care. Section 4 Specific therapies: alternative systems of care herbals diet and nutrition nutriceuticals pharmacological and biological treatments bioelectromagnetic therapies mind-body interventions hands-on healing techniques. Section 5 Integrative care of specific health problems: anxiety and depression arthritis asthma cancer coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure diabetes gastrointestinal problems headache hypercholesterolaemia hypertension musculoskeletal problems upper respiratory infections urinary tract infections. Appendix: tools and resources.


The data on stabilization of beta-carotene in 0.5% concentrate. The concentration of beta-carotene was analyzed by HPLC. The different available antioxidants allowed for using in food industry were tested as stabilizers. The methods of inserting of stabilizers in ready to use beta-carotene concentrate were developed.


The surface species present on silica/alumina-supported sodium phosphates, active catalysts for the conversion of lactic acid to acrylic acid and 2,3-pentanedione, are examined by pre- and postreaction MAS31P-NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. Species present following lactic acid conversion are identified by transmission FTIR of phosphates supported on silicon disks (as a model catalyst system) and verified by31P-NMR and diffuse reflectance IR spectroscopy of actual catalysts used in reaction. Monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) condenses to a mixture of sodium polyphosphate (NaPO3)nand sodium trimetaphosphate (Na3P3O9), which exhibit little catalytic activity for converting lactic acid to desired products. Disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4) condenses to tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7), and proton transfer from lactic acid to pyrophosphate results in the formation of sodium lactate. Trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4) accepts a proton from lactic acid to form sodium lactate and disodium phosphate, which condenses to pyrophosphate. The presence of pyrophosphate and sodium lactate on supported disodium and trisodium phosphates explains their similar catalytic properties; the larger quantity of sodium lactate present on trisodium phosphate leads to higher conversions at lower temperatures.


Objective To investigate the relativity between infant factors and postpartum depression.Methods A total of 182 puerperas were investigated by Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS) and self-designed questionnaire.All data were analyzed by χ2 test and unconditional Logistic multiple regression analysis with SPSS 13.0 statistical software.Results The incidence rate of postpartum depression in puerperas with good sleep infant,ordinary sleep infant and bad sleep infant were 16.3%,15.6% and 46.2% respectively,and the incidence rate of postpartum depression in puerperas with bad sleep infant increased significantly(P 0.01).The incidence rate of postpartum depression in puerperas with frequent crying infant,ordinary crying infant and seldom crying infant were 40.6%,15.1% and 17.2% respectively,and the incidence rate of postpartum depression in puerperas with frequent crying infant increased significantly(P 0.01).The incidence rate of postpartum depression in puerperas with breast-feeding infant,mix feeding infant and artificial feeding infant were 20.0%,21.3% and 18.8% respectively,and there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups.The Logistic multiple regression analysis showed that the infants with bad sleep at night and frequent crying were risk factors of postpartum depression for puerperas.Conclusion The puerperas who have infants of bad sleep at night and frequent crying should be noticed,in order to prevent and reduce the incidence of postpartum depression.


Despite the substantial advantages over permanent structures cited by manufacturers, quick erection buildings have not achieved wide acceptance in the port industry. Undoubtedly, the provision of effective storage facilities on port sites can represent high levels of investment over lengthy periods of time, thus authorities have tended to shun the quick erection system as a viable alternative. However, the choice of buildings currently available is said to merit consideration, especially as it has been suggested that there are a number of applications yet to be exploited.


The safe conduct of anesthesia demands careful evaluation of the previous experience of patients under anesthesia and surgical operation, as well as that of their families. Untoward responses that may recur with subsequent anesthetic procedures should be documented and patients informed, as the need dictates. Two cases of prolonged apnea following single intubating doses of succinylcholine could not have been predicted by the patient's preanes-thetic history. As a result of these problems, the authors recommend mare careful preanes-thetic history-taking with reference to patients' prior anesthetic experiences.


Our conception of the interview as a tool to uncover certain kinds of information has obscured the fact that its very design is based upon ideas and preconceptions of the group under study. Even in those instances where the lives of respondents are far removed from personal experience, the investigator is generally able to dig into the fund of accumulated research reports or, by comparing his group with similar and known ones, to predict areas of sensitivity and concern. In interviews with over sixty homosexuals, few such guideposts were available, and I was forced continuously to make my preconceptions explicit and to evaluate them. As a descriptive term, the word "homosexual" implies certain kinds of sexual practices as well as certain personality traits. But it is inadequate to describe the way of life of people we call "homosexuals." There are vastly divergent ideologies, degrees of commitment to the complex and intricate deviant community, and enormous differences in self-conception and self-acceptance. My first contacts with this community were with a group of thirteen homosexuals who formed a fairly cohesive clique, and they shaped my initial impressions of this deviant world. These men (whom we later called "overts") lived almost exclusively within the deviant culture, were known as homosexuals where they worked, and made little effort to conceal this fact from "normals." The overts forced a completely new orientation upon the problems of sample selection, interview procedure, and what were thought of as areas of sensitivity. In place of the anticipated difficulty in obtaining an adequate number of respondents, they welcomed being interviewed with wild anticipation! To be interviewed became nearly a fad-a fad which, incidentally, quickly burned itself out. The impossibility of fitting too many interviews within the first few weeks of the study resulted in the loss of respondents who were no longer interested by the time the fad had died out. While they defined these interviews as a "huge joke," in no case was a respondent anything but co-operative when his turn came. Since homosexuals were considered vulnerable to social sanctions, I determined to avoid all questions about the activities of others which would suggest an attempt to gain information about a specific person which could not be gained by interviewing that person directly. This, I hoped, would quiet the fear that information which any respondent did not wish to reveal would be discovered from other sources, a precaution eventually found to be totally unnecessary. Overt homosexuals not only were willing to reveal intimate details about their own lives but readily betrayed the secrets of their friends and acquaintances. Personal rivalries and animosities were quickly bared, and, where feelings were particularly intense, the individual did his best to discredit the enemy of the moment. To such an extent was this true that the problem became that of remaining aloof from the quarrels and disagreements of those both inside and outside the clique. Furthermore, since these homosexuals were in constant interaction, all knew who had been interviewed and had an almost verbatim report of what had been discussed. Each respondent attempted to discredit his enemies by showing how "notoriously hypocritical" they were. This eagerness to present himself in the best possible light and to correct the interpretation of personal hostilities given by a rival helped to account for the rush to be interviewed at the beginning of the study. These initial interviews enforced a new orientation as to how information could be elicited and presented an entirely different, though equally distorted, picture of what


Mirror-image dextrocardia is non-life-threatening but not commonly diagnosed in the clinic. With the internal organs reversed, most of the patients with mirror-image dextrocardia have no clinical symptoms if the dextrocardia is not combined with other intracardiac malformations. Mirror-image dextrocardia is often discovered during other physical check or performing other examinations. In the present study, we reported a successful closure of a left atrial appendage in an 84-year-old patient with mirror-image dextrocardia with atrial fibrillation under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Detailed perioperative steps of patient procedure description and TEE monitoring were described in this report.


We consider the unsupervised detection of power system events based on PMU measurements. We first present a convolutive dictionary model as a generative model for the short time Fourier transform (STFTs) of PMU data streams from multiple PMUs in the presence of a power system event. In the presence of an event, the STFTs from different PMUs display a common two-dimensional event signature at the event time—with its magnitude varying across PMUs, thus we develop a convolutive dictionary model to capture this unique spatiotemporal correlation. We leverage this convolutive dictionary model to formulate a binary hypothesis testing for event detection and implement a generalized likelihood ratio test to perform unsupervised event detection. The efficacy of the proposed detector is demonstrated using the experiments based on real life PMU data collected from a US Interconnection.


OF IDSTORY De.-dent aa1d to have b9en asaaultttd and found by husband apperwtJ.7 dMd Oil her bed at home, 28924 Weatlak• Road, Bay Village, at about SsJO A.Jl., 7-4-54. She was conveyed to the Coroner's Ottioe where she waa ott101.all7 .prG11ounoed dead following arrin.l at 8100 A.K., 7-4-54. (Pr. Gerber) ANATOMIC DIAGNOSES 1 l. lfultiple impaota to head and .fo.oe with: a) Coaminuted f'J"aoturot of akull and separation of frontal 1u'\ure . b) Bilateral subdural hemorrhage•. o) Pitfuae oilateral eubaraohnoid hGnorrbag••• d) Con'1.lsion• ot bro.in. •) Multiple oontuaed laceration• ot for•head and aoalp, t) Fro.oturoc ot ~pper medial inoi1or teath. ~) Fracture of no1e. j l


In order to get simulation models of polymer molecules in molecular simulations,a method to build molecular models of organic materials is proposed.It is consisted of two separate parts,"random walk"and "directional walk".The"random walk"was used to build the models of single molecules with a structure of opening chain;and the"directional walk"was used to build the models of molecules or organic groups with a structure of close chain.The models of molecules with the two kinds of structures were built by combining the two parts of the method.Reasonable molecule configurations were obtained by molecular mechanics simulations.Some representative examples prove that this method is simple,convenient and effective.


A complete Si-based dielectric waveguides technology fabricated on InP substrates has been developed. The lowest attenuation measured at 1.5 /spl mu/m wavelength is 2 dB/cm without any high temperature annealing of the waveguide structure. This result is due to the quality of the material obtained by new deposition techniques, namely RTCVD and UVCVD. These deposition techniques have proved their compatibility with brittle materials such as InP. They are also compatible with waveguide fabrication at the end of a device or circuit process. The objective is now to integrate this technology into simple OEICs.


The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the devastation it has caused in countries around the world have been unprecedented in modern history. Owing to the perfect storm of dense population, suboptimal hygiene, and limited health care infrastructure in many African cities, the initial fear was that sub-Saharan Africa would face devastation. After all, SARS-CoV-2, the causative pathogen of COVID-19, is primarily spread via respiratory droplets and close contact with infected persons. While the pandemic persists with reemerging waves of new infections and emerging variants across the globe, limited data from sub-Saharan Africa, with the exception of South Africa, suggest that the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be milder than expected in the continent.1 The study by Iroungou et al2 allows new insight into the nature of the effects of the early months of the pandemic in the Central African country of Gabon. It describes the demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection from March to June 2020 at a single center in Libreville, Gabon. This article provides detailed information for a region of the world about which limited literature exists, including presenting symptoms, basic vital signs, preexisting comorbidities, and associated radiologic findings. Consistent with observations from other regions of the world, the study noted that COVID-19 disease severity and fatality were associated with older age, preexisting health conditions (eg, arterial hypertension and diabetes) and male sex. On the contrary, the burden of infection was low; most cases were asymptomatic, and symptoms were mild when present. Of note, only 31 of the 837 cases (3.7%) presented with severe infections. Furthermore, the fatality rate of 1.4% and the median age of 52.5 years among the deceased are much lower than those observed for hospitalized patients in other parts of the world, which reflects the relatively young age of urban populations in most African countries. These data corroborate reports,3 mostly anecdotal, that Africa may have been spared with regard to this pandemic. Multiple reasons have been offered for the seemingly low burden and severity of COVID-19 in the African continent. Like others, Iroungou et al2 speculate that this may be due to the smaller pool of older and more vulnerable individuals in the population and cross-protection from prior exposure to other coronaviruses. In 2020, the median age in Africa was 19.7 years, and this is often lower in the large cities, where younger, working-age individuals are concentrated, relative to the rural communities with a retired, older population. Relative to Western countries, major risk factors for COVID-19 severity and fatality, such as obesity and diabetes, are less common in Africa. Furthermore, sub-Saharan Africa is a hotspot for sickle cell disease, malaria, and tuberculosis with high rate of BCG vaccination, and some have wondered whether these and other conditions yet unidentified are protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection and its impact.4 While there is paucity of evidence to support these speculations, there is little doubt that many countries in Africa have so far experienced lesser COVID-19 burden and disease severity relative to other regions of the world, including other lowand middle-income countries in Latin America, the Middle East, and Asia with comparable urban population structure and health care infrastructure.5 This observation is certainly intriguing, and as alluded to by Iroungou et al,2 raises a number of important and unanswered questions that deserve a closer look. Could yet-to-be-identified ethnodemographic factors be driving this relative protection? Are prior BCG vaccination and health conditions endemic to Africa, such as sickle cell disease, exposure to other coronaviruses, and malaria infection, protective? Some of these questions are beginning to be addressed in well-designed clinical and translational studies. Answers to these questions will no doubt shed additional light on + Related article


An introduction is given to the theory and experimental data for nucleon Compton scattering. We briefly outline our model in order to explain the theoretical interest in resonance region Compton scattering. After describing the focus of our calculations and the results, we make conclusions about which experiments among those possible at CEBAF are most sensitive to the interesting physics.


Peptides are rapidly prepared and isolated by a two-step, one-pot reaction using 5-nitro-3H-1,2-benzoxathiole SS-dioxide (1), a strained sultone, as a condensation agent.


The color curves and visual light curves for the supernovae of 1572 and 1604 are investigated. The most probable photometric classes of the 1572, 1604, 1054, 1006, and 1181 supernovae are determined, as well as the magnitude and date at maximum light. Distances are estimated and are consistent with those derived from the supernova remnants. A new explanation is offered for the conflict between the positions of the 1054 outburst and of M1, based on consideration of four other ''Gates of the Heavens'' similar to the Gate near M1. Arranged in chronological order, the definite and presumptive observations of the 1054, 1006, and 1181 supernovae provide indications as to their photometric properties.


Objective To assess the effect of chromosome 17 copy number on HER-2/neu status determination in breast cancers.Method HER-2/neu gene copy and chromosome 17 centromere numbers were evaluated on 294 breast carcinomas using double color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).All of 294 have done by immunohistochemistry as a screening (0,1+,2+,3+).using a net HER-2/neu genecopy number 4 as a criterion.ratio as a alternative compared and related to immunohistochemistry done.Results When a ratio 2 was considered as criterion for FISH positivity,45.24% (133 of 294) of cases showed amplification versus 46.9% (138 of 294) by using a net HER-2/neu gene copy number 4 as a alternative criterion.3.77% (4 of 106) of cases having a ratio 2 had a net HER-2/neu gene copy number 4 and 6.91% (13 of 188) with a ratio 2 had a net HER-2/neu gene copy number.Conclusion A net increase in HER-2/neu gene copy number consecutive to polysomy 17 in the absence of specific gene amplification might lead to a strong protein overexpression in a small subset of breast carcinomas.17 copy number effect on HER-2/neu status determination.Determination by FISH is dependent on the ratio criterion considered for positivity in clinical practice.


Logistics are undergoing constant and increasingly rapid changes: when assessing the sector, ecological as well as sustainability issues are more and more taken into account. Firstly, the awareness of the need for sustainable innovative concepts for reverse logistics during and at the end-of-life of products is growing. Secondly, legislation issues are increasing the needs and importance of innovative reverse logistics chains and concepts. Thirdly, attention is paid more and more to waste issues summarized in the three R's: Reduce, re-use and recycle (related to closed-loop issues). In most cases, the reverse part of the supply chain is considered as a "difficult to manage" part of the supply chain, but one has to admit that the reverse part can also generate significant positive effects/advantages due to extra income and/or cost decreases. Also managing the waste logistics part in "an appropriate way" can imply extra income and/or cost decreases. The cradle-to-cradle vision on the lifecycle of products can be used as an example of the rising importance of reverse and waste logistics in an "extended supply" chain with attention to "closed-loop" flows. As a side remark, one can say that reverse logistics as well as waste logistics are often referred to as "service logistics". Hence, the relation with the customers is significantly important. In the first part of the paper, the two flows (reverse and waste) will be defined and explained in depth. Also the sometimes fuzzy difference between the two will be analyzed. The authors will furthermore describe and analyze the cradle-to-cradle vision that can be used for a better understanding of the growing reverse and waste markets/chains. Hereafter, a typology will be designed that will make it possible to divide the two flows in "subflows," which have the same or comparable characteristics. The word 'characteristic' needs to be interpreted as "a distinguishing feature that can have important effects on the efficiency, cost structure and environmental performance of the reverse and waste part of the supply chain". These effects can be positive as well as negative. The design of this typology will be based on qualitative data (for example: academic literature, field research, interviews, etc). In the second part of the paper, the aforementioned typology of reverse and waste logistics will be used to list up the significant characteristics, which can have important effects on efficiency and costs when implementing innovations. We will try to answer the question "what the characteristics are that companies and governments need to take into account when implementing innovative concepts in the reverse and waste part of the chain for obtaining optimization/higher efficiency, cost reductions and a better environmental performance". Finally, when assessing the reverse and waste market, several innovative best practices will be mentioned, and the defined characteristics will be applied to these best practices. As a last part, an overall assessment will be made focusing on the concepts and characteristics which have the highest merit from being analyzed more in further research in detail.


"Intel Corp. has revised its lithography strategy for the second time in the recent months, disclosing it has dropped 157-nm tools from its roadmap and is not pursuing the (157-nm) scanner technology for IC production. The move is expected to impact fab-tool and material vendors developing 157-nm products for Intel.'' Reported by Mark LaPedus in Semiconductor Business News on May 23, 2003." The impact is indeed significant. There are estimates that the scanner tool suppliers have spent in the hundreds of millions of dollars on 157-nm lithography. They are not the only ones left holding the bag. There are suppliers for optical materials, photoresists, antireflection coatings, ellipsometers, pellicles, mask blanks, mask inspection, and repair tools. All of a sudden, Intel is blamed for their losses in development costs and potential profits. Can an industrial giant like Intel bend the laws of physics or the laws of materials? Can we solve the 157-nm problems by spending another billion dollars on it? If we did succeed, would the technology still be economically viable?


The present invention discloses a method of managing applications in the device PCD PCD docking station and a portable computing. The method may include determining whether the PCD is docked with the PCD docking station, and determining a first application version is available when the PCD is not docked in the choice of application. Further, the method may include executing a second application program in the first version of the application version is not available, and executing the first application when the first application version is available.


This thesis describes bioanalytical methods for generating fingerprints of biological systems for extracting relevant information with (protein) drugs in focus. Similarities and differences between ...


Aim: The most important stage of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), which is an effective and reliable method in the treatment of large and complex kidney stones, is to create a suitable and effective tract after the accessory is provided. For this purpose, different techniques such as Amplatz, baloon and Alken dilators have been described. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of single-step Amplatz dilatation technique with stepwise Amplatz dilatation technique in pediatric PNL patients. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. We evaluated the data from 75 PNL operations performed on 72 pediatric patients in our center within the last decade. The data from single-step dilation technique patient group (group 1, n: 41) and the stepwise dilatation technique patient group (group 2, n: 34) was compared in terms of durations of fluoroscopy and surgery, stone-free and complication rates, pre and postoperative hematocrit levels and blood transfusions rates.  Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic data, mean stone burden, duration of surgery, decrease in hematocrit, blood transfusion rates, stone-free rate and complication rates. The median fluoroscopy durations of group 1 and group 2 were 120 and 220 seconds, respectively. Duration of surgery and fluoroscopy were significantly shorter in the single-step dilatation group  Conclusion: PNL is a safe and effective procedure for pediatric stone diseases. Performing this procedure with a single-step dilatation technique ensures that children are less exposed to radiation.


AIM
To study efficacy of ANCA-RPGN treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide or mycophenolic acid drugs.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
We treated 28 patients (17 males and 11 females aged 19-71 years) with morphologically verified ANCA-associated crescentic RPGN (crescentic median 79 (63:88)%. The patients received corticosteroids and cytostatics.

RESULTS
The response to the treatment was registered in 22 (78%) patients in 8-16 weeks: a complete remission was achieved in 8 patients, a partial one--in 14 patients. In partial remission renal functions recovered incompletely (median Pcr 200 (180;255) mcmol/l) in persistence of moderate proteinuria (median 0.7 (0.6;1.3)g/day) and absence of microhematuria. Probability of the treatment success depended on severity of glomerulosclerosis and weakly depended on activity of extracapillary reaction. Severe renal failure was not an absolute predictor of treatment failure.

CONCLUSION
In the absence of advanced nephrosclerosis early treatment with corticosteroid in combination with cytostatics can produce a positive effect in 70-80% patients with ANCA associated RPGN.


Morales et al1 recommend oral factor Xa inhibitors to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in plastic surgery patients. The authors1 explain that institutional review board approval was not obtained for their study because the investigators are in private practice. Institutional review board approval is not limited to academic institutions.2 Medical journals insist on institutional review board approval to protect patients from unnecessary risks.3 Institutional review boards accredited by the Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs are available to surgeons in private practice.2 I am also in private practice and obtained institutional review board approval for my investigation of VTE in plastic surgery patients using diagnostic ultrasound.4 The Declaration of Helsinki guidelines are meant for international authors.3 American investigators need to follow the regulations of the Department of Health and Human Services.3 Both sets of guidelines insist on informed patient consent and oversight by an independent review board. Surprisingly, published studies1,5-7 of plastic surgery patients treated with rivaroxaban including a prospective randomized study,5 have had no institutional review board approval. Retrospective studies analyzing existing data may receive an exemption,8 but this waiver is still needed.

Morales et al1 report that informed consent was obtained. However, it is not clear that written consent for participation in a study of factor Xa inhibitors was obtained in addition to the usual surgical …


An irreversible Carnot engine model with irreversibilities such as heat-resistance,heat leakage,friction,turbulence and other undesirable irreversible factors,was discussed in this paper.The heat leakage model including external(device heat leakage) and internal heat leakage(working fluid heat leakage) is different from the so-called ″irreversible cycle″ models proposed by some other authors.The influence of two kinds of heat leakage on the optimal performance of heat engine was analyzed.It is found that the influence of internal heat leakage on the power — efficiency characteristics of heat engines is different from that of outer heat leakage and other internal irreversibilities,such as friction,turbulence etc.The heat engine with different heat leakage has two optimal working conditions,the optimum power and optimum efficiency cann′t be attained at the same heat transfer area ratio.Numerical examples illustrated the effectiveness of the new model and some useful results were presented.


The performance of a cognitive radio (CR) system depends on how to optimally allocate available resources (e.g., bandwidth, subcarrier and power) of a free frequency band without causing any interference to the primary user (PU). We consider a secondary usage of spectrum scenario with the coexistence of primary and secondary users. For such a system, we study the problem of optimizing subcarrier and power allocation with the objective of maximizing sum capacity of CR users such that the received interference at primary users remain below a threshold level as well as mutual interferences between secondary users are guaranteed to be below a satisfied threshold. The CR coordinator needs to determine the position and power which are assigned to each CR user while considering the interference threshold between CR users and from PU to CR users. The proposed scenario is valid in Broadcast, Unicast and Multicast transmission. The effects of adjacent the number of subcarriers for each CR user, which is to reduce mutual interference between CR users and interference between CR and PU, on the proposed scenario have been presented. Numerical studies are performed to compare the performance of CR system with and without considering of mutual interference.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of humoral immune response of two dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi "Y" strain, in order to identify the seroconvertion and the antibody titles variation. Animal's blood samples were collected weekly, during 56 weeks and indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF) was carried out for anti-T.cruzi antibodies detection. On the first week after inoculation antibodies were not detected in any animals. One dog produced antibodies with gradual titers increase after the second week, achieving a maximum titer of 1,280 after four weeks of inoculation. Titers declined between the fourth and fifth weeks, ranging from 80 to 320 up to the 56th week. In the other dog, antibodies output peak was verified between the 11th and 13th weeks and then titers started to decrease. Soon after, a new peak was observed between the 22nd and 23rd weeks, with a maximum titer of 640. From the 25th week on, it was verified a stabilization tendency, with titers ranging from 80 to 320. In the last week, titer was kept in 80 in both dogs. This study shows that dogs experimentally inoculated with T. cruzi "Y" strain develops a quick immune response, and produce high antibodies titles. Considering the ethical limits of an experimental design, these animals can be used as experimental models in studies of the natural history and immunopathology of Chagas disease, and also for antiserum production.


Purpose : To investigate the change of morphometric characteristics of the corneal cells by confocal microscopy in long-term soft contact lens wearer. Methods : Confocal microscopy (ConfoScan 2.0, Fortune Technology, Italy) was used to obtain data from healthy volunteers and soft contact lens wearers for 10 years. We evaluated the morphological images of the corneal epithelium (superficial cell, wing cell), Bowman' membrane, stromal cells (anterior, middle, and posterior keratocyte), Descemet' membrane, and endothelium. Results : In comparison with control, the wing cells from corneal epithelium of contact lens wearer appeared to have irregular and blurred cell borders, and enlarged subepithelial nerve plexus. The bowman' membrane and the anterior stroma showed an increased reflectivity. The keratocyte from a highly reflective area showed no definite cell border anteriorly and more distinct shape with less cellularity posteriorly. Descemet' membrane showed an evidence of vertical fold and keratocytes with long processes were arranged in parallel. The endothelial layer showed polymegathism and polymorphism with some gutta. Conclusions : According to these data, it would be suggested that a long-term wearing of soft contact lens could influence the morphology of corneal epithelium and stroma as well as of corneal endothelium.


Synoptic examination of the Leeuwin Current (LC) system along the Western Australian continental shelf and adjacent ocean (22°S–34°) during the late austral autumn of 2007 was accompanied by a depth-integrated, bongo-net survey of the associated larval fish assemblages. The temperature and salinity signature of the LC experienced substantial modification as it flowed south; surface temperature of the LC decreased by ~5.25°C while surface salinity increased by ~0.72 psu. Comparison of these empirical data with the Bluelink re-analysis product (based on the hydrodynamic model OFAM) revealed the model to provide a good representation of the oceanography of the LC system. Larval fishes were highly diverse comprising >200 taxa from 114 neritic and oceanic teleost families. Two-factor PERMANOVA indicated significant structuring of larval fish assemblages both latitudinally and across isobaths with a significant interaction term. MDS ordination of larval fish assemblages showed clustering of northern inner shelf stations (22oS - 28oS) with that of a developing meso-scale eddy at the 27oS oceanic station. Results from particle back-tracking indicated that, in the previous month, this eddy had strong connection with surface shelf waters from as far north as Northwest Cape at ~22oS. Larval fish assemblages at shelf break and oceanic stations throughout the study area had high similarity and clustered with inner shelf stations south of 29oS indicative of geostrophic inflow, entrainment of Subtropical Water and mixing of regional water masses from the continental shelf. Although the particle back-tracking uses passive kernels, and larvae of marine fishes are known to have complex behavioral and physiological capabilities which can influence their transport, this study has demonstrated broad-scale advection of planktonic biota, both across the shelf, and alongshore in the Eastern Indian Ocean.


Computational models of trust have been proposed for use in ubicomp environments for deciding whether to allow customers to pay with an e-purse or not. In order to build trust in a customer, a means to link transactions using the same e-purse is required. Roughly, trust is a result of knowledge. As the number of transactions increases, the resulting increase in knowledge about the user of the e-purse threatens privacy due to global profiling. We present a scheme (and its prototype) that mitigates this loss of privacy without forbidding the use of trust for smoothing payment by giving the opportunity to the user to divide trust (i.e. transactions) according to context (e.g. location, user's current activity or subset of shops).


In this paper, recent advances in metallic coated photosensitive-resin-based microwave passive devices fabricated using stereolithography 3-D printing technique are reviewed. Considerations in the design and fabrication technology of these devices are discussed. This new family of 3-D printed microwave devices have advantages of light weight and flexibility in structural design over the conventional ones made from metals.


A new species of Seira Lubbock, 1869 is described and illustrated. Seiraglabra sp. nov. is the second species described from the municipality of Areia (Caatinga biome) and the seventh from the state of Paraiba, Brazil. Compared with other species of the genus, Seira glabra sp. nov. has some remarkable reductions on dorsal chaetotaxy, specially on the methatorax and first abdominal segment. The most similar species to S.glabra sp. nov. is Seira praiana. Both lack macrochaetae on the first abdominal segment.


The effective prediction of geological disasters frequent numbers has important value.The overall trend of geological disasters' frequent numbers is fitted with residual GM(1,1) model,using the periodic extensive model to fit the residual GM(1,1) to establish a mixed model of the Grey-Periodic Extension of geological disasters' frequent numbers.Taking frequent numbers of geological disasters from 2005 to 2009 in China as a case study,it makes a further prediction.The result shows that fitting results have achieved a high precision,and the model prediction is effective,especially in the short term forecast,giving one method for the fitting and prediction of gelogical disasters frequent number.


Animations, based on a streamed model, are a cost and bandwidth efficient way to transmit data to an end-user on the mobile network. They might also be enlightening and enjoyable to view. An experiment was performed to contrast different animations and video codings in terms of their cognitive and emotional effectiveness for spectating a football game on the mobile phone. Analysis shows that different renderings of the same model give differential results for understandability and enjoyment of a game. The conclusion is that more advanced renderings might be able to give an individually optimized blend between emotional and cognitive effectiveness.


Previous studies of the permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier to a series of non-electrolytes have shown that the most important physico-chemical property of the compounds examined in determining their rate of transfer from the plasma into the aqueous humour was their lipoid solubility. It was noted, however (Ross, 1951), that glucose formed an exception to this generalization, for this substance enters the eye at a rate much faster than that of substances of equivalent ether/water partition coefficient: further investigation has therefore been made to elucidate the mechanism of this preferential rate of transfer of glucose across the blood-aqueous barrier. The possibilities appeared to be: first, that glucose underwent a chemical change into a more lipoid-soluble substance before penetrating the cell membrane; this, as is discussed below, is unlikely. Secondly, a special mechanism may exist to accelerate the rate of transfer of glucose across the cell membrane, a process in which insulin may participate. To test this second hypothesis, the rate of penetration of glucose into the eyes of normal rabbits was compared with its rate of penetration in the alloxan-diabetic animal and in the normal animal under the influence of injected insulin.


Ontology-based data access (OBDA) has recently emerged as a promising application of knowledge representation and reasoning technologies in information management systems. The aim of OBDA is to facilitate access to data that i s significantly heterogeneous and incomplete. This is achieved via an ontology that p rovides a unified conceptual view of the data, and makes it accessible via database qu eries formulated solely in the vocabulary of the ontology. The actual database query an d the ontology can be seen as two components of one composite query, called ontology-mediated query [8]. OBDA can then be realized as the problem of answering ontology-me diated queries. An important topic for declarative database query language s, and in particular (extensions of) Datalog, is coordination-free evaluation. Th is has its roots indeclarative networking[15], an approach where distributed computations are progr ammed using Datalog-based formalisms. In this setting, programs (or qu eries) are specified over a global schema, and are executed by multiple computing nodes ver which the database is distributed. These nodes can perform local computations , a d also communicate asynchronously with each other via messages. The model assu me that messages can never be lost but can be arbitrarily delayed. An intrinsic so urce of inefficiency in such systems are the global barriers raised by the need for synchr o ization in computing the result of queries. This has motivated a fruitful line of rese arch for isolating classes of queries that can be evaluated in a coordination-free manner [1–4, 16]. It is natural to ask whether the results on coordination-fre e evaluation for declarative database query languages can be transferred to ontology-me diated queries. Undoubtedly, a positive answer to this question, apart from possibl e applications to declarative networking, will significantly contribute towards more effi cient procedures for OBDA, since it will enable distributed ontology-mediated query e valuation in a coordinationfree way. The goal of the present work is to initiate the study of coordination-free evaluation for ontology-mediated queries, and give strong indi cations that the answer to the above challenging question is affirmative.


Enhancing the up-conversion luminescence and nonlinear optical properties by incorporating various metallic nanoparticles (NPs) into rare earth (RE) doped glass oxides is the key issue towards the fabrication of photonic devices. Series of erbium doped phosphate glasses containing ZnO NPs with composition (78.5-x)P2O5 10Li2O 10ZnO 1.5Er2O3 (x)ZnO, where 0 x 1.2 are prepared by melt quenching technique and their spectroscopic characterization are made. The amorphous nature of the glass is confirmed by XRD spectra. The influence of NPs on the luminescence characteristics using 357 nm excitations is studied and the mechanisms involved in the enhancement on emission intensity are examined. The emission spectra exhibit eight peaks in which the peak intensity of the violet and blue band (413 and 458 nm) shows gradual increment with increasing concentration of ZnO NPs added to the host matrix. The enhancement in the emission peak intensity for the transition is attributed to the effects of quantum confinement and local field of ZnO NPs. The effect of NPs within the glass matrix in influencing the optical properties are analysed and discussed. Our observation may contribute towards the development of nanophotonics.


The objective of this study is to develop the adsorbents which can effectively remove toxic hydrophobic organic compounds from aqueous phase. The bentonites were surface modified using cationic phase transfer catalysis(PTC), such as ethyltrioctyl ammonium bromide(ETABr). While natural clays are hydrophilic, but the PTC-modified clays(organo-clays) are hydrophobic or organophilic in nature. The hydrophobic organic compounds(HOCs) used for the study are 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and phenol of which hydrophobicities increase in the order stated. In the study, the single adsorptions of phenolic compounds were perfomed in aqueous solution using ETABr-modified bentonite. The adsorption capacity increased with addition of chlorine and hydrophobicities. To elucidate the surface characteristic of adsorbents, the zeta potentials were measured. As a result of zeta potential data, kaolinite indicated that the surface potentials seem to be dependent on the pH and the low negative charge showed in the range of all pH, otherwise, the surface potentials of PTC-organo-bentonite unaffected by the pH. The HOCs used showed a decrease in adsorption from an aqueous solutions of pH greater than their pK a values.


This article pretends to explain the roll of the Legal Security on the Regional Integration Process –Opened Regionalism- and how it helps the Enterprise activity in the Common Markets or Regional Blocs. That will be analyzed from the experience of de Andean Common Market or Andean Community.


Because the moral education is facing the complicated situation and the severe challenge, the scientific value outlooks on the moral education should be fostered. According to the value direction on the school moral education, which is examined with the social visual angle, they are mainly including: the social outlook on the moral education, the functional outlook on the moral education, the quality outlook on the moral education , the benefit outlook on the moral education, the level outlook on the moral education and the right outlook on students themselves. The moral education in school should guide the students to understand the value and try not to imbue absolutely or have relativism in the practice of the moral education, so that we can realize the value on the moral education largely and make the students' characteristic really improve.


After studying this chapter, you should be able to:  Study the criteria for evaluating strategic alternatives;  Analyze guiding factors that responsible for development of Organizations.  Discuss the criteria for analyzing strategic frame work  Study importance and use of strategic process and control ;  Evaluate different strategic control with different environment factors.  Implement and maintain healthy strategic control.  Study different strategic changes in Business Organisations  Know the Key Success factors responsible for the guiding principles of Strategic management.


It has been suggested that there is an aspectual asymmetry between goals and sources (Filip 2003, Nam 2004). Whereas goal phrases such as to the shop are standardly assumed to bring about a telic interpretation of a motion event, sources are argued not to affect the telicity value of the event under this view. Relying on data from English and Dutch, I will argue instead that there is no aspectual (semantic or syntactic) asymmetry between goals and sources. Rather, particular asymmetries found in the data follow from other distinctions such as the one between locative prepositions and postpostions, and morphologically simple vs. complex Ps. Among these we find both goals and sources.1 The paper is organised as follows. Section 2 addresses a non-linguistic goal bias discussed in psychological and psycholinguistic literature. Section 3 presents Nam's (2004) arguments in support of a semantic and syntactic goal-source asymmetry and shows that the apparent differences between goals and sources derive from other factors. Section 4 provides an account of the role of goals and sources in event structure. Further evidence pointing towards the non-linguistic nature of the goal bias is presented in Section 5. Finally, Section 6 concludes.


Objective To discuss the clinical treatment methods of severe acute panceatitis. Methods To review and analyse 62 cases of severe acute pancreatitis.Results 3 cases of multiple infection, 1 case of cutting split, 2 cases of lung infection, 2 cases of abdominal abscess, 2 cases of MODS, 61 cases of cure and 1 case of death. Conclusion Multiple-treatment on severe acute pancreatitis, non-surgical cure on dropsical pancreatitis,and positive on SAB, and surgical should be used earlier on the patient without improved symptom, in order to cut down the death rate.


Venous thromboembolism (VTE) encompasses a range of presentations from asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis to fatal pulmonary emboli. These common clinical problems are associated with significant morbidity, mortality and resource expenditure.[1][1] Routine use of thromboprophylaxis, when administered