AIM:To investigate the significance of the expression of Pglycoprotein and the relationship between its expression and the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS:P-glycoprotein was examined by immunohistochemical staining in 101 specimens of paraffin embedded gastric cancer tissues. RESULTS:The expression rates of P-glycoprotein in normal gastric mucosa, paracancerous tissues and gastric cancer tissues were 13 %, 22% and 43 %, respectively(P <0.05). The expression rates of P-glycoprotein in the highly and moderately differentiated tumors (58 % and 80 %, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the lowly and poorly differentiated tumors (36 % and 25 %, respectively) (P <0.01).The postoperative cumulative survival rate of the patients receiving chemotherapy was significantly higher than that of the patients without chemotherapy in Pglycoprotein-negative patients with gastric cancer (P <0.01).


The paper reconstructs Harold innis' idea of media's bias. It is argued that media construct a view of the future in line with temporalized Platonism that excludes people that belong to the past. The clash of statues and media in Charlottesville presented mediatization as a progressive but not dialectical force. Statues and media did not check each other's biases. Media embody the confrontation of authority and publicity (Habermas) or the Enlightenment and Absolutism (Koselleck). After the neoliberal commercialization, the Enlightenment acquired the form of utopian future that confronts the media logic against conservative forces. The truth is constructed according to the prescribed future. Trump blamed all, in accordance with the Absolutist principle. Commercial media professionalism stood by its Enlightenment origins and accused Trump of revitalizing forces of the past. Because most citizens were against taking down the statues, commercialized media logic was less receiver steering than the public service media.


Abstract Background SCN5A mutations may present with different clinical phenotypes such as Brugada syndrome, long QT3 syndrome, sick sinus syndrome, atrial fibrillation, dilated cardiomyopathy, and the least known multifocal ectopic Purkinje-related premature contractions syndrome. Case summary We report a case of a 29-year-old woman with palpitations due to multifocal premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) and a family history of sudden death. The previous electrophysiological study had shown that PVCs arose from Purkinje fibres but catheter ablation was unsuccessful. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging demonstrated non-ischaemic areas of subendocardial fibrosis at multiple left ventricular (LV) segments with concomitant dilatation and mild systolic impairment. Amiodarone suppressed the ectopy but caused hyperthyroidism. Due to recent pregnancy, she received no antiarrhythmics which resulted in PVC burden increase and further deterioration of the ejection fraction (EF). After gestation, amiodarone was reinitiated and switched to flecainide after implantation of a subcutaneous defibrillator as a safety net. At follow-up, LV function had almost normalized. Genetic analysis confirmed an SCN5A mutation. Discussion Multifocal ectopic Purkinje-related premature contractions syndrome is associated with SCN5A mutation which in our case (R222Q) is the most common described. Flecainide can be an appropriate treatment option when ablation is ineffective. Defibrillator—even a subcutaneous type—could be implanted in cases of LV dysfunction or scar. PVCs suppression by flecainide and restoration of EF implies an arrhythmia—induced mechanism of LV impairment.


Two field trials using canola (var. Serw-6) were conducted to study and evaluate the effects of magnetizing irrigation water on Canola vegetative growth, photosynthetic pigments, seed, yield and water use efficiency as well as seed biochemical constituents and fatty acids composition of the yielded oils. Application of magnetizing irrigation water led to marked increases in growth parameters (plant height (cm), fresh weight and dry weight (g plant-1) and water contents (%); photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids and consequently total pigments). Treating plants with magnetized water increased also, seed yield and its components plant height (cm), branches (number plant-1),seed weight (g plant-1), pods (number plant-1), seeds weight (g pod-1), 100-seed weight (g) and seed yield (kg fed-1) as well as seed biochemical constituents (oil (%), oil yield (kg fed-1) macro and micro elements). The treatment improved oil quality as it affected fatty acids composition of canola oil, by increasing total unsaturated fatty acids and total essential fatty acids. Moreover, Water Use Efficiency (WUE) increased significantly as a result of irrigation with magnetic water by 19.05% compared to control plant. The present findings have shown that irrigation with magnetized water could be employed as one of the most valuable modern technologies that can assist in saving irrigation water and improving yield and quality of Canola under newly reclaimed sandy soil. The usage of magnetic water in the agricultural production will enable intense and more quantities and qualitative production.

 Key words: Canola, magnetic water, water-use efficiency, nutritive value, oil, fatty acids.


map' of structural relevance. Ordinary cities offers a new and exciting approach to urban processes. Whilst the grand claim of the book that all cities are ordinary provides a useful starting point for rethinking urban studies, the argument does not as yet provide us with sufficient conceptual clarity that can enable us to differentiate and make distinctions between cities. The anti-hierarchical stance helps us to understand the problems with the modernist and developmentalist bias of conventional urban studies. Yet we also need tools to distinguish between cities if we are to escape the dangers of cultural relativism. Still, Robinson's work provides an important point of departure for developing a postcolonial urban studies. Ordinary cities is a useful book for its telling critiques of modernity and developmentalism. It starts the process of providing an alternative approach that breaks with Western-dominated thinking in urban studies.


t: 0115 944 3428 e: email@example.com FC Laser, Unit 8, Lows Lane, Stanton by Dale, Ilkeston, Derbyshire. DE7 4QU www.fclaser.co.uk From intricate precision bespoke laser cutting to large format commissions; FC Laser, the fastest growing precision laser company in the Midlands has an unrivalled experienced team to deliver your project from initial design and development right through to delivery.


The aim was to find a way of testing a newly developed material which could contribute to creating a lighter space vehicle. This material will be used for gears in a robotic arm of a space vehicle and it will save up to 3kg per each gearbox. For every kilogram 10.000,00$ are saved on fuel required for the launch of the rocket. There are around 10 robotic arms with 40 gearboxes on a research space vehicle. If the new material is used it will save as much as 1.200.000,00$ for a launch of a single spacecraft.


Ribbon or wire bonding is a common manufacturing process used in the microelectronic industry to make interconnections between electronic components. This process is used because it can make up for misalignment and inconsistent spacing between the components due to tolerance stack ups. In addition, since the ribbons are not rigid they will flex and absorb any stresses that develop when the components expand and contract in the field due to temperature changes. This paper investigates the use of a mechanical method to exercise ribbons in this fashion until they failed. Ribbons of a constant profile but different sizes were exercised at different levels of stress to develop a fatigue life model. It is found that ribbons exercised only a small percentage of their overall span survive exponentially longer than the same ribbons exercised at a higher percentage of their overall span. In addition, at short span lengths relative to the thickness, the ribbon becomes less 'thread like' and more stiff. The model developed in this study can be used for designing ribbon size and shape based upon expected thermal expansion cycling and necessary life or reliability.© 2010 ASME


It 1.S possible to filter out the prl.Ir.ary ionizing electrons from the 1.on extracticn region of a multicusp source by installing the filament inside the dipole fields of the permanent magnets and thereby enhance + the H ion species in the extracted beam. An optimum position of the fila-. ment has been determined such that a quiescent plasma together with a uniform plasma density profile across the extraction plane can be obtained.


References 1. Steppuhn H, Langen U, Keil T, Scheidt-Nave C. Chronic disease co-morbidity of asthma and unscheduled asthma care among adults: results of the national telephone health interview survey German Health Update (GEDA) 2009 and 2010. Prim Care Respir J 2014;23(1):22-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4104/pcrj.2013.00107 2. Commission on Social Determinants of Health, Closing the gap in a generation. Health equity through action on the social determinants of health. 2008, World Health Organisation: Geneva. 3. van den Akker M, Buntinx F, Knottnerus JA. Comorbidity or multimorbidity: what's in a name? A review of literature. Eur J Gen Pract 1996;2:65-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13814789609162146 4. Barnett, K., S. Mercer, et al. Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical edication: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 2012;380(9836):37-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60240-2 5. Guthrie B, Payne K, Alderson P, McMurdo MET, Mercer SW. Adapting clinical guidelines to take account of multimorbidity. BMJ 2012;345:e6341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e6341 6. Payne RA, Abel GA, Avery AJ, Mercer SW, Roland MO. Is polypharmacy always hazardous? A retrospective cohort analysis using linked electronic health records from primary and secondary care. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014, Jan 15 [Epub ahead of print] http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12292 7. Vik SA, Maxwell CJ, Hogan DB. Measurement, correlates, and health outcomes of medication adherence among seniors. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:303-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1D252 8. May C, Montori VM, Mair FS. We need minimally disruptive medicine. BMJ 2009; 339:b2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2803 9. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Depression in adults with a chronic physical health problem: treatment and management (National Clinical Practice Guideline Number 91 ). 10. Mercer SW, Guthrie B, Furler J, Watt GCM, Hart JT. Multimorbidity and the inverse care law in primary care. BMJ 2012;344:e4152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e4152 11. Smith SM, Soubhi H, Fortin M, Hudon C, O'Dowd T. Interventions for improving outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community settings: systematic review. BMJ 2012;345:e5205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e5205


2 Kings 22: 122:25. event occurred: (I) the date of the event ;" (2) the character of Ezra and his constituency; (3) the duration of Ezra's journey, March to August; (4) the gifts and letters; (5) the work of Nehemiah ( 40); (6) the work of Ezra (? 41). 2. Study the account of the formal adoption, including (i) the place of the assembly; (2) the duration of the reading; (3) the circumstances attending the reading; (4) the reception given the law by the people; (5) the method of interpretation; (6) the occasion of their weeping; (7) the reading on the second day in reference to the Feast of Booths, and the compliance of the people; (8) the various things which they covenanted to do (? 43); (9) the fact that the priests are clearly distinguished from the Levites (?? 43, 68). 3. Compare the general circumstances of the acceptance of the book of Deuteronomy (? 25) with those of ' Ezra's work is probably to be placed after that of Nehemiah; for the arguments in support of this position see KOSTERS, Het Herstel van Israel (1894; transl. into German, 1895); KENT, A History of theJeewish People during the Babylonian, Persian, ana Greek Periods, pp. 196 ff.; CHEYNE, Jewish Religious Life after the Exile, pp. 36-81; C. C. TORREY, The Composition and Historical Value of Ezra-Nehemiah, pp. 51-65; GUTHE, art. " Israel," ?? 55 ff., Encyc. Biblica; A. VAN HOONACKER, Nouvelles dtudes sur la restauration juive apris l'exile de Babylone (I896). 2 The arrival of Ezra at Jerusalem is placed shortly after 433 B. C. by KOSTERS and CHEYNE, Encyc. Biblica, Vol. II, p. 1487, and others. PROFESSOR VAN HOONACKER, however, places it in the seventh year of Artaxerxes II., viz., 398-7; while KUENEN Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur biblischen Wissenschaft (I894), ED. MEYER, Die Entstehung des udenthums (1896), and others retain the date 458 B. C.


Abstract Constantly increasing technical and operational demands are set for modern manned and unmanned special vehicles, all − terrain vehicles, and mobile machines. Their producers must comply with very restrictive standards, strict legal regulations, and high customer requirements. They concern not only functionality and efficiency of described objects, but also resistance to the impact of environmental and climatic exposure. Vehicles and mobile machines must be adapted to work in different climatic conditions such as low and high temperature, variable humidity, wind, dustiness, rainfall, variable atmospheric pressure, solar radiation. Verification of the correctness of operation of all these systems installed in machines, vehicles and engineering units requires experimental research in specified and stable climatic conditions. These special conditions can only be implemented in a thermoclimatic chamber. Thanks to these researches, it is possible to confirm the effectiveness of solutions that allow machines to work in extreme climatic conditions, as well as to detect a number of defects and imperfections of the structure, unpredictable at the design stage. The article describes the research procedure certified by Polish Centre for Accreditation and discusses examples of technoclimatic research carried out recently in the thermoclimatic chamber of Laboratory of Technoclimatic Research and Heavy Duty Machines of Cracow University of Technology.


The analysis of the dynamics of the content of serum levels of nitrite (NO2), prothrombin index (PTI), fibrinogen, SFMC (soluble fibrin-monomer complexes), APTT and platelet count in patients with psoriasis in the process of a complex basic therapy is presented in the article. The holiatry of patients the heavy forms of psoriasis with the use of methotrexatum and arginine is not only instrumental in the offensive of clinical remission but also allows to improve biochemical indexes (levels of NO2, protrombinovogo index, Fibrinogenum and soluble fibrin-monomernykh complexes), diminishing expressed of system inflammatory answer and protromboticheskogo status.


Children and adolescents affected by brain tumors are at risk for neuropsychological sequelae that need to be evaluated in order to plan adequate rehabilitation programs, and to support their development and recovery. This work aims to describe an innovative prospective observational study protocol for the early evaluation and monitoring over time of neuropsychological outcomes in this pediatric population. Pediatric patients aged 3–17 with a brain tumor diagnosis will be assessed through the use of a battery of Italian standardized neuropsychological tests, with good psychometric properties and age-appropiate, at three different time points of their clinical course: at diagnosis and before surgery (T0), after surgical removal and before the start of potential adjuvant therapies (T1), and at the one-year follow-up after potential adjuvant therapies (T2). This study will allow clinicians to support the neuropsychological development of these children by promoting appropriate and timely rehabilitation and educational programs from the early phases of their clinical course.


Metal-dielectric nanocomposites are attracting a lot of attention for optical applications, due to their capacity to support designed surface plasmon waves. These nanocomposites are prominent in optical metamaterials, which are artificially structured materials engineered to gain optical properties not only from their composition, but from their design. Their geometry, size and arrangement can affect the propagation of light in an unconventional manner, giving rise to properties which are not available in bulk materials. Metamaterials and nanophotonic devices are classically fabricated by lithography techniques, but alternative simpler techniques are needed to reach characteristic sizes of a few tens of nanometers.


An academic and research satellite-based digital wide area network (WAN) has been established for universities and other national research institutions in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The network which is providing cost-efficient electronic digital communication and high speed Internet access is described for both client and server side installations. The network has the potential to unify the efforts of member institutions to educate the citizens of the nation, to gain the synergy available from collaboration, and to avoid wasteful duplication of scarce resources. Workings of government and academia, as well as general education can be enhanced and PNG can move forward swiftly to take advantage of the Information Communication Technology (ICT) revolution sweeping the world.


The purpose of this impact study was to determine the relevant learning experiences of the ZCSPC participants in the Orientation-Workshop on Normative Funding for SUCs/Campuses in Region IX and Utilization of Income Generating and how they implemented the learning experiences, relevant to their duties and responsibilities, in the College. The qualitative research design was utilized. The purposive sampling technique was used since the respondents were the identified ZCSPC participants.  The data were collected using the one-on-one interview between the respondent and the researcher. The findings revealed the following salient concerns affecting the normative funding:  a.) the budget officer did not adopt the Aklan State University model policy on the use of income and opted to follow the ZCSPC's existing policy on the use of income up to the present; b.) the advice to strictly implement the PhilGEPS was adopted by the College and gradually implemented in its procurement system; c.) the workload misconceptions of the faculty members were given attention through the initial workload policy revision made by the VPTAA (2009). The Administration resorted to the hiring of visiting lecturers and the implementation of the biometric system until the faculty members fully understood the workload policy through the CHED-HEMIS guidelines on August 2013.  It is recommended that ZCSPC Administration strictly follow the guidelines set by CMO No. 20, s. 2011;  strictly monitor PhilGEPS postings; and fully implement the vertical articulation.


Peter Onufrievich Salmanovich graduated from the School of Civil Engineers in St. Petersburg. At this time, graduates of this educational institution worked in all areas related to various types of construction activities. Salmanovich is a prominent representative of the pleiades of graduates of the School of Civil Engineers. He made a significant contribution to the history of architecture and engineering related to the development of the railway industry in the second half of the XIX century, through the introduction of advanced technologies and engineering solutions. Along with his practice, Salmanovich was active in teaching at various higher educational institutions for the training of specialists in architectural and engineering specialties. It is no exaggeration to say that Salmanovich stood at the origins of the development of Russian engineering and construction science, the rise of which occurred in the second half of the XIX century. His scientific heritage is striking – textbooks and lecture courses on topical issues of the theory and practice of construction activities. Another area of activity of Salmanovich was public activity related to the improvement of construction legislation, existing norms and rules in the field of design and construction of buildings and structures.
To date, the creative heritage of Salmanovich is insufficiently studied and has not received a proper assessment. This article allows to more clearly present the personality, the scope of scientific and practical interests of this talented architect, engineer, teacher, propagandist of all the best in the field of construction practice and urban improvement.


The aim of this essay was to investigate what images are conveyed through Swedish daily press and to discuss the possible consequences of these images for librarians and users of the library ...


In order to compensate for the emittance which is increased by space charge in the low energy region, it is important to transport the beam as designed. Until now, we did not consider couplers in injector superconducting cavities in optics design. But in this study, to improve optics matching and emittance compensation conditions for space charge dominated beam in cERL at KEK, we introduced a new 3D cavity model. We first investigated the influence of the couplers on electromagnetic field distribution. As a result, it was found that an asymmetric focusing force is generated by the influence of the couplers. It also became clear that the influence of the coupler kick on the optics significantly devastated the emittance compensation condition from the calculating including space charge. Furthermore, it was found that by optimizing the optics in consideration of the coupler kick, it is possible to improve the beam control accuracy and reduce the emittance in beam commissioning.


This work tackles the problem of the domestic audio tagging or environmental sound classification, where one audio recording can contain one or more acoustic events and a recognizer should output all of those tags. A baseline model for this task is a convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) with sigmoid output nodes optimized using the binary cross-entropy objective. Traditional error metrics, such as classification error, are not suitable for this type of task. In this work, we show that the maximal figure-of-merit (MFoM) framework helps to separate the multi-label classes in terms of equal error rate (EER). We embed MFoM into the deep learning objective function and gain more than 9% relative improvement, compared to the baseline model with binary cross-entropy.


A look at the key players in the new White House administration, what they are noted for and what they will bring to the new presidency.


In most speech recognition systems today, acoustic modeling and lexical modeling are viewed as separable problems. Currently the most popular approach is to manually define canonical word pronunciations in terms of phonetic units and let the acoustic models capture differences between actual spoken and canonical pronunciations implicitly with Gaussian mixture models. As a result, these models can be very broad, particularly for casual spontaneous speech. An alternative approach, explored in this thesis, is to learn a unit inventory and pronunciation dictionary from training data using a maximum likelihood objective function.
In particular, this thesis addresses previously unsolved problems in automatic unit design with three main contributions. First, to make design of a large unit inventory practical, a new approach is described that combines the problems of unit selection and lexicon design. The design of the units is acoustically driven but constrained to guarantee a matched, limited complexity pronunciation model. Instead of using an acoustic unit training algorithm followed by separate pronunciation model design, the algorithm proposed here incorporates a pronunciation constraint within the unit design algorithm. The resulting unit inventory, unit models and lexicon are matched since they are designed by a single joint design step. The second problem addressed involves synthesizing models for unobserved contexts, needed to model contextual variation at word boundaries. As in phone-based systems, decision tree clustering is used, but this requires classes or sets of units that have a similar influence in context. The solution is to learn these classes from data by a parallel context clustering process. Third, the ability to generalize at the word-level, i.e. to handle words not observed in the training data, is provided by a hybrid system design algorithm. In the hybrid system, automatically derived units are designed for the most frequent words, and phonetic units are designed for all words in the vocabulary. Using an estimation step, the word models constructed by the independent automatic and phonetic units are evaluated and the most likely model is included in the lexicon.
The new automatic unit design algorithm showed improved performance over phonetic units in experiments on a medium vocabulary (1000 words) task (Resource Management) for both small and large unit inventory systems, outperforming an alternative approach to automatic unit design reported on this task. The algorithm for learning context conditioning groups is successful in that the performance of a system derived by decision tree clustering is equivalent to that of the best unconstrained clustering system and an additional gain is observed when modeling contextual effects across word-boundaries. Finally, when automatically derived units were used in experiments on a large vocabulary (20,000 word) conversational speech task (Switchboard), the recognition accuracy improved over the phonetic unit baseline. In summary, the joint unit and lexicon design algorithm gives higher recognition performance or can be configured to give similar performance at lower cost (lower system complexity) than phone-based units for applications where several examples of each vocabulary word can be provided.


Fine‐grained sediment transport and deposition is observed in nine dated sediment cores obtained from the Sheboygan River. The sediment cores were dated by 137Cs and 210Pb methods. Sediment dating was supported by a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) analysis and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) hydrographic surveys from 1976 to 2002. Plots of 137Cs activity versus depth show distinct peaks related to peak Sheboygan River discharges in the years 1966, 1975, 1979, and 1989. These peaks result from the scouring of sediments during storm discharges and the increased deposition of the fine‐grained fraction of particles, including colloidal clay particles (associated with 137Cs and, to some extent, PCBs), in place of the scoured sediments. Core SR1a, upstream of the Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge, and cores SR5‐SR8, farther downstream, show continuous sedimentation (1.2–11.8 cm/yr) since the late 1950s, whereas net sediment accumulation virtually ceased after 1988 at the intermediate sites of cores SR1–SR4. The maximum PCB concentration (161 ppm) occurs in 1969 in core SR4.


A new slot assignment protocol for maritime wireless networks— on-demand random slot assignment(DSRA) was proposed in this paper to solve the problem of reservation confliction and low efficiency.This protocol can assign different slots randomly for every node according to the traffic load of the network nodes,but does not need any prior information about the concrete topological structure of network nodes in the process of assigning slots.Modeling analysis and simulation results show that even in a crowded network or under heavy load,the protocol can still make effective slot assignments and run the network efficiently.For complicated situations caused by the mobility and the change of service distribution,the protocol can provide superior adaptability,robustness,and extensibility.


This paper describes the use of moderate inversion for selected MOS transistors in a two-stage CMOS amplifier to achieve high voltage gain, low thermal noise, and fast settling time at minimum power consumption. A detailed circuit analysis, implemented in a MATLAB design tool, is presented to find the optimal inversion level for MOS transistors. The analysis and design tool are illustrated for a fully differential, two-stage, 0.5-μm CMOS amplifier having voltage gain >; 80 dB, input-referred thermal noise voltage <; 6 nV/Hz1/2, gain bandwidth of 100 MHz, phase margin of 58°, and 0.1% settling time <; 15 ns for load capacitances of 6 pF and a supply voltage of 2.5 V. SPICE simulation results confirm that these specifications are achieved at a minimum supply current of 2.42 mA by operating first- and second-stage input transistors in moderate inversion compared to 3.82 mA for operation in strong inversion, resulting in a 37% decrease in power consumption.


Solution for target area planning(TAP) is formalized as a distributed constraint satisfaction problem(DCSP) based on characters of TAP.First,a DCSP model for TAP is established.Then,based on analysis of the existing algorithms for solving DCSP,the asynchronous backtracking algorithm has been improved,and provides a solving framework of target area planning which based on DCSP.Its solving instance indicates that this approach is available to TAP.


The cGAS-STING pathway, a crucial component of innate immunity, recognizes viral DNA in the cytosol. cGAS binds dsDNA and catalyzes the production of the second messenger cGAMP, resulting in the expression of Type I interferons and other pro-inflammatory genes. To prevent autoimmunity, activation of cGAS by cytosolic self-DNA is normally counteracted by the cytosolic nuclease TREX1. In many chromosomally instable cancers, cytosolic self-DNA accumulates as DNA bridges or micronuclei (MN), whose nuclear envelopes are prone to rupture, exposing contained DNA to the cytosol. cGAS activation at ruptured MN is implicated in anti-tumor immunity. However, mechanisms regulating cGAS activation at ruptured MN are yet unknown. Here, we show that TREX1 partially degrades chromosomal DNA in the cytosol to suppress cGAS activation. We observed localization of cGAS and TREX1 to ruptured MN and DNA bridges, strongly suggesting an unknown role for TREX1 in regulating cGAS activation in cancer. After induction of MN or DNA bridge formation, TREX1 KO causes dramatic increases in cGAMP production and cGAS-STING pathway signaling. Furthermore, ruptured MN exhibit TREX1-dependent DNA damage and ssDNA foci. TREX1 is bound to the ER, which is known to invade ruptured MN. We found that an ER binding mutant of TREX1 does not localize to MN anymore and was not able to rescue the TREX1 KO phenotype, suggesting a role for the ER to recruit TREX1 to MN.
 In summary, we propose that TREX1 enters MN as a consequence of nuclear envelope rupture to partially degrade DNA, thereby suppressing cGAS activation. By eliminating the immunogenic potential of these DNA species, TREX1 may dampen anti-tumor immunity and thereby help cancer cells escape the immune system.


various institutions. Participants, delegates and representatives came from all the major health related institu tions in the country and included both the statutory and voluntary sectors. In 1993 Mrs Bottomley launched the Government Paper Eth nic Minority Staff in the NHS: A Programme of Action. This paper identified eight goals relating to recruitment and selection, staff development, racial harassment, appointments to NHS Boards, service delivery, training and promotion of doc tors and nurses from minority ethnic groups and management training schemes. A number of studies since 1993 have shown that although most NHS employers do have formal equal opportunity policies, there remains a wide gulf between policy and practice. The 1995 study by the Policy Studies Institute (PSI) demonstrated that access to training and promo tion remains unequal. Black, particularly Afri can-Caribbean nurses fell as much as five years behind their white contemporaries in the compe tition for senior posts, after taking into account qualifications and length of time In the profes sion. Over 50% of nurses from all ethnic minority groups suffer racial harassment from patients, and a third were harrassed by colleagues at work. Sadly this was accepted as "part of the job". The


This company stability assessment system (10) for assessing the stability of a company undergoing assessment, is provided with: an information acquisition unit (11) that acquires, in a set period, information such as company attributes, financial indicators and non-financial indicators for each company being compared; a company attribute correlation calculation unit (12) that calculates, for each company being compared, correlation values for company attributes between said companies and the company undergoing assessment; a financial indicator correlation calculation unit (13) that calculates, for each company being compared, correlation values for financial indicators between said companies and the company undergoing assessment; a similar company extraction unit (15) that extracts companies that are similar to the company undergoing assessment on the basis of the correlation values for the company attributes and the correlation values for the financial indicators; and a stability assessment unit (16) that assesses the stability of the company undergoing assessment on the basis of the extracted companies.


The DSR is a simple and efficient routing protocol for use in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks, The protocol is composed of the two parts of Route Discovery and Route Maintenance,which work together to allow nodes to discover and maintain source routes to arbitrary destinations in the Ad hoc network. The properties of DSR is introduced in this paper. Then both small scale and large scale complex simulation models of Ad hoc(all the nodes, not only the source but also the destination, move in the same time.) are established based on Opnet Modeler 10.5. The performances of DSR in the two kinds of models is compared and analyzed by varying speed of nodes and size of packets in different sceneries, including the route discovery time, the number of hops per route, the throughput, the average end-to-end delay of data packets and the packet delivery fraction.


By means of mobile communication technology such as location-based services(LBS),mobile service providers can collect user's personal information more easily,which has aroused users' serious concern with their privacy.This will affect users' acceptance of mobile commerce.Thus it is necessary to examine the components of privacy concern and its effect on user behavior under the mobile commerce environment.We conduct data analysis with SEM and found out that privacy concern as a second-order factor consists of four dimensions: information collection,improper access,information error and secondary usage.Privacy concern significantly affects user risk perception and trust,and through them indirectly affected usage behavior.Thus,mobile service providers need to take effective measures to alleviate users' privacy anxiety.The authors argue that their adoption behavior can be promoted to facilitate the success of mobile commerce implementation.


Understanding how plant community dynamics are impacted by altered disturbance regimes is a pressing challenge for restoration ecology. Most assessments of community dynamics involve computationally intensive statistical techniques, while management often defers to derived, qualitative "state‐and‐transition" models. Here, we demonstrate an intermediate approach to track and predict community resilience, diversifying the tools available to assess ecosystem change. First, we develop indices of sagebrush‐steppe community structure in permanent monitoring plots based on plant functional types and our conceptual understanding of the ecosystem. The indices define a bivariate space within which the trajectories of permanent monitoring plots can be tracked. Second, we quantify two metrics of community resilience: resistance (overall change during the time period) and stability (average amount of movement per monitoring period). Plots dominated by obligate seeder shrubs displayed low resilience relative to those dominated by grasses and forbs or resprouting shrubs. Resilience was strongly related to initial plant functional type composition and elevation. Our results suggest restoration objectives should consider how plant traits control ecosystem responses to disturbance. We suggest that the approach developed here can help assess longer‐term resilience, evaluate restoration success, and identify communities at risk of state transitions.


Cluster is an important approach to get high availability, high scalability and performance cost rate in critical application field. This paper designs and implements a high availability real-time cluster system used in observation and control domain. All parts of the cluster are sufficiently redundant to avoid sigle failure point. First, the system architecture is explained. Then, the basic consepts of the stochastic Petri net (SPN) are introduced and the SPN of the system is modeled to formally describe all the parts. Finally, the steady-state availability of the parts and the total steady-state availability of the system are analysed. The result of the theory analyse proves that the average failure time in a year of the cluster is about 3.44 minutes. It shows that the cluster has fully high availability to be used in critical application field.


The utility model discloses a reverse osmosis membrane direct drinking machine without waste water discharge. The former three levels of filter drums are internally provided with polypropylene cotton filter elements or activated carbon filter elements; the four-level filter drum is internally provided with a reverse osmosis membrane filter element; the fifth-level filter drum is internally provided with the activated carbon filter element; the water inlet of a first-level filter drum is communicated with a raw water pipeline by a number 1 pipeline; the first-level filter drum is communicated with a second-level filter drum by a number 2 pipeline; the second-level filter drum is communicated with a third-level filter drum by a number 3 pipeline; the third-level filter drum is communicated with a booster pump by a number 4 pipeline; the booster pump is communicated with the water inlet of a fourth-level filter drum by a number 5 pipeline; one path of the concentrated water outlet of the fourth-level filter drum is communicated with the water inlet of the first-level filter drum by a return pipe, and the other path thereof is communicated with a domestic water discharge pipe; the pure water outlet of the fourth-level filter drum is communicated with a fifth-level filter drum by a number 6 pipeline; and the water outlet of the fifth-level filter drum is communicated with a pure water discharge pipe. The product can purify and filter the concentrated water deeply, improve the use ratio of the raw water, save water source and prolong the service life of the reverse osmosis membrane.


There is so much emphasis on verbal communication in our culture that a vast resource of physical language has been wasted. There has been such despicable exploitation of the human body as a product to be controlled by the manipulation of our identities that our body language has been reduced to cliches and trite images. Theatrically, however, there is at least one director in the country who is working against the disappearance of physical language — Montreal Director Alexander Hausvater.


With the increase of population density and the rural exodus to cities, urbanization is assuming extreme proportions and presents a tremendous urban problem related to waste generation. The increase of waste generation has been considered a significant challenge to large urban centers worldwide and represents a critical issue for countries with accelerated population growth in cities. The Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing offer an automation possibility through cyberphysical systems that will change the way solid waste management is performed. Considering IoT requirements, a review analysis of waste management models available in the literature is performed in detail in this paper. Then, a deep review is undertaken of the related literature based on IoT infrastructure for efficient handling of waste generated in urban scenarios, focusing on the interaction among concessionaires and waste generators (citizens) from the perspective of a shorter collection time with reduced costs, as well as citizenship promotion. An IoT-based reference model is described, and a comparison analysis of the available solutions is presented, with the goal to highlight the most relevant approaches and identify open research issues on the topic.


It provides for automatic positioning system and method for a social network web based. According to one embodiment, it comprises automatically appear on GPS-enabled device in the same location for a contact or a member of a social network based on the content of the web, and GPS status identifier associated with the vicinity thereof. Another exemplary system comprising: GPS-enabled device, which is configured for receiving a location-based social network members of the web and the current GPS status and status identifiers; processing module that the received identifier and the received GPS associated state; and a communication module, GPS identifier associated with the state of the server transmits to the social network database includes a web-based. Contacts content-based social network database record web of web-based social network database is updated to include for the web-based social network member of, GPS identifier and status associated with it.


Background: Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite and the causative agent of amoebic liver abscess and amoebic dysentery in humans. It is most common in developing countries such as Mexico, India, East and South Africa and regions of Central and South America. The estimations of the worldwide burden of amoebiasis indicated that approximately 500 million people were infected by the parasite and 10% of these individuals had invasive amoebiasis. Genetic variation among E. histolytica isolates collected from a wide geographical range has already been demonstrated in numerous studies. However, the level of intra-species genetic variation in E. histolytica populations in South Africa remains unknown. Methods & Materials: Stool samples were collected from patients attending different health centres in the Limpopo Province and Pretoria. Genomic DNA was isolated from these samples and a nested PCR was used to amplify the 16S-like ribosomal RNA genes. The PCR amplicons were sequenced and the genetic variation as well as the phylogenetic relationships among the detected E. histolytica isolates was investigated. Results: Sequence analysis revealed 13 unique genotypes grouped into 5 different clades from among 61 E. histolytica stool isolates. Interestingly, two strains were exactly identical, in that A was substituted by G in the same position, indicating that they are possibly from the same source. The other genotypes showed varying degree of polymorphism in the 439 bp PCR product of the 16S-like rRNA gene revealing the existence of genetic variations within the species of E. histolytica infecting humans. Conclusion: In this study the presence of new E. histolytica genotypes in two area of South Africa exploring a small region of the 16S-like rRNA gene may be a unique finding yet genotyping the whole gene would probably reveal more genetic diversity and clustering which could point towards the existence of intraspecies variation in E. histolytica infecting humans and shed light on clinical outcome factors. Moreover, molecular phylogenetic results have demonstrated that the 16S-like rRNA gene of all E. histolytica isolates tested are closely clustered together and are possibly restricted to the study region and have shown how valuable the 16S-like rRNA gene is in epidemiological studies.


The paper uses a discrete-scenario method to describe the uncertainty of market demand with known probability of each scenario. Then builds a multi-objective robust model of a 3-stage supply chain which consists of supplier,manufacturer and distributor. All the participants in the supply chain are profit oriented. At last, a simple case is employed to explain the robustness of the model, which shows the robust model can alleviate the effect caused by the uncertainty.


The structure of excellent teachers'psychological quality consists of cognitive psychology quality,morality psychology quality,personality psychology quality,social psychology quality,emotional psychological quality,willpower psychology quality and other psychological qualities.When tested,middle school students,pre-vocational teachers and current teachers have no obvious differences on cognition、moral character,personality,willpower psychology qualities,but have obvious differences on social,emotional and other psychological factors.On the assessment of social psychological quality,there is no difference between middle school teachers and pre-vocational teachers.However,there is an obvious difference among these 3 kinds of teachers,that is,on the importance of social psychological quality of the talented teachers,middle school students and pre-vocational teachers put a higher emphasis than current teachers.On the assessment of the emotional psychological quality,there is no difference among them,but there is an obvious difference between middle-school students and current teachers.


Themostcommon approach intoday 's With this concept, avibration ofthetarget generates interferometric laser vibrometry isthesocalled heterodyne anFM signal atthedetectors with acarrier frequency of0 technique. Thisabout 20year-old method workswithtwo Hz.Thedisadvantage ofthisapproach is, however, that optical beamswithtwodifferent optical frequencies that there intheelectrical signals fromthedetectors there isno areleadoverseparate waysand,after oneofthemhas a-priori-informa tion


This paper examines the behavior of a competitive firm under price uncertainty where a futures market exists for the commodity produced by the firm. Working with the Sandmo approach, we found that production decisions depend only on the futures market price and input costs; the subjective distribution of future spot price affects only the firm's involvement in futures trading. Conditions are then determined under which a firm will either hedge, speculate by buying futures contracts, or speculate by selling futures contracts. The results indicate that an important social benefit derived from the existence of a futures market is to eliminate output fluctuations due to variation in producers' subjective distributions of future spot price.


The problem of this study was to investigate the effects of static mixer, carrier gas, carrier gas inlet pressures, and reactor operating temperatures on the mixing ratio of carbon nanotube synthesizing reactor. The methodology included design of static mixers, mathematical modeling, and computer modeling and simulation experiments. The simulation experiment was performed based on single phase carrier gas modeling due to difficulty and time for three phase fluid modeling. First only nitrogen carrier gas in addition to the other three factors under constant inlet flow velocity and inlet temperature was simulated. Secondly, the same procedure was applied to argon earner gas. Three temperature values were extracted at exit of model reactors with internal configuration varied with types of static mixers. The bulk temperature and temperature deviations were calculated. The deviations were then divided by the bulk temperature to obtain the mixing ratios from which the mixing indices were determined. In addition, the stream lines for each treatment were obtained to validate the quantitative mixing indices. A 4-way analysis of variance (ANOV A) was completed, and the diagnostics check on the transformed data showed that the statistical assumptions were met. Thus, the inferential statistics and conclusions confirming or disconfirming the original research questions and research hypotheses were then determined at significant level of .05. In conclusion, the baffle static mixer showed significant improvement over the existing reactor in the mixing ratio using single phase buffer gas flow. Also the reactor


The paper presents a coloured Petri net model of a communication network which captures certain social and temporal characteristics of the network. The coloured Petri net is simulated over a period of time and the observed characteristics of the network are recorded. Based on these observations, the new model is constructed to represent the accumulated (partial) knowledge. Some initial basic analysis of the derived model is conducted.


INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a gene family of zinc enzymes capable of degradating extracellular matrix macromolecules. In particular, matrix metalloproteinase-2/"type IV collagenase" (MMP-2) has been identified as proform of MMP-2 (proMMP-2) and is believed to play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. However, in esophageal cancer, little is known about the relationship between clinicopathological features and expression of MMP-2. Therefore, we performed an immunohistochemical study to clarify the role of MMP-2 in its malignant behavior.


Polycrystalline perovskite with composition La0.67Ca0.33Mn0.99Fe0.01O3 has been produced by a metal- salt routed sol-gel processing method. Colossal magnetoresistance of La0.67Ca0.33Mn0.99Fe0.01O3 has been studied with x-ray diffraction, Rutherford back-scattering spectroscopy, Moossbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. Crystalline La0.67Ca0.33Mn0.99Fe0.01O3 was perovskite cubic structure with a lattice parameter a0=3.868 A. Mossbauer spectra of La0.67Ca0.33Mn0.99Fe0.01O3 have been at various temperature ranging from 4.2 K to room temperature. Analysis of 57Fe Mossbauer data in terms of the local configurations of Mn atoms has permitted the influence of the magnetic hyperfine interactions to be monitored. The values of the isomer shifts show that all iron ions are in the Fe3+ state. For magnetic fields > 8 kOe and T < 100 K the magnetic moment is saturated at the value is 85 emu/g. The Curie temperature, Tc, is determined to be 270 K. The doping of 57Fe reduces Curie temperature and saturation magnetization. The temperature dependence of the resistance for La0.67Ca0.33Mn0.99Fe0.01O3 under zero and 10kOe applied field is shown that a semiconductor-metal transition, TSC-M, occurs at 250 K. The relative magnetoresistance, MR, defined as : [R(0) -R(H)]/ R(H), is about 33 %.


1. The equipment used in the correction of scoliosis by the anterior route is described. 2. The important points in surgical technique are emphasised. 3. The results of operation on fifty-one patients are analysed. 4. Attention is drawn to the high rate of fusion, the stability of correction, and the brevity of the period of convalescence.


The nutritional status indicated by weight,height and body mass index of two hundred and seventy five new primary school entrants (NPSE) randomly selected from one private and ten public prmary schools in Egor local government area (LGA) were studied comparing the helminth infested with the non helminth infested comparison group.The prevalence of intestinal helminth was 34.2%. Ascaris lumbricoides (AL) was the predominant helminth (24.4%) followed by the hookworms (HK) (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) making up 1.8%. Tricuris tricuria (TT) was 0.7% and 7.3% had poly parasitism.. There was also no significant difference between the mean weight,height and body mass index (BMI) of infested and non infested NPSE.


Investigation of the brightness of LED on traffic information board or traffic signs under foggy conditions is an important practical consideration, because LED becomes fainter and contrast is reduced. Especially when fog occurs at daytime, fogs appear to be whitish. In these conditions brightness of LED is much dispersion into the fog. In this paper, by evaluating LED brightness with human visual sensitivity, it is understood that in daytime fog condition and different fog densities do affecting brightness evaluation. The colored LED light that contains a red component has high brightness evaluation point and the blue component has low brightness evaluation in all fog densities. However, blue color that containing red color also has high evaluation point. This paper result can contribute to air and land traffic safety which can present further accident happen.


A 31P NMR study of powder samples of tetraethyldiphosphine disulfide (TEPS) has been undertaken in order to compare the results of variable-field and 2D spin-echo experiments with those of an earlier single-crystal 31P NMR study of TEPS (Tutunjian and Waugh, 1982). A significant discrepancy in the value of the effective dipolar coupling constant, re^, which is the difference between the direct dipole-dipole coupling constant and one-third of the anisotropy in the indirect spin-spin coupling interaction, prompted a reinvestigation of the single-crystal 31P NMR study of TEPS. We also redetermined the crystal structure of TEPS by X-ray diffraction to obtain more accurate geometrical parameters. The results of our single-crystal 31P NMR experiment confirm the data determined from our 31P NMR studies of powder samples. We obtained a value of R,K of 1650 f 10 Hz, compared to the previously reported value of 1100 Hz; the direct dipolar coupling constant calculated from the P,P bond length is 1805 Hz. The principal components of the phosphorus chemical shift tensor are dll = 108 ppm, 8 2 2 = 98 ppm, and d33 = -54 ppm. The most shielded direction is located within the SPPS plane and makes an angle of 2' with the direction of the PS bond.


Abstract: This chapter describes the environmental hazards faced by firefighters during structural and proximity firefighting and the protective performance and design requirements of firefighter protective ensembles are discussed. Key issues for improving clothing performance are highlighted. Advanced technologies to improve protective performance, and future trends in flame retardant textiles are presented.


Due to the liberal reforms having been carried out for three decades, Russian Far East has turned into a zone of severe socio-economic depression, which is accompanied by crisis phenomena in the formation of human capital. Problems of public health protection continue to pile up, as the result of reducing investments into regional medicine and education and training. The growing problems of healthcare level reduction in the Far East, combined with unsolvable issues of ensuring availability, quality and safety of medical care, result in and stimulate destructive migration processes. The way out of this situation should be considered from the perspective of the introduction of personalized approaches to the provision of medical services in the framework of the implementation of «Medicine 5P» technologies, that can fight not only the consequences of diseases, but also actively influence the causes of their occurrence, that requires modernization of the training of future doctors.


We were careful to note in our report that the short follow-up time and lack of occupational exposure data for workers such as firefighters limited our ability to fully assess cancer risks in the Registry cohort. Thus, we agree with Dr Nasseri's statement that there is still not enough information to irrefutably determine the carcinogenicity of the September 11 terrorist attack.


Although satellite communications have attracted wide attention in 6 G integrated space-air-ground networks, the link delay between the satellite and the satellite base station is a major issue with the advent of the era of big data. Considering this problem, this paper proposes cooperative strategies between peers in order to decrease the transmission latency for both downlink and uplink, respectively. In the downlink, we establish social relationship to find peer nodes who can cache contents and design a caching placement algorithm based on greedy methods to configure the cache. The approximation ratio of the solution obtained by the cache placement algorithm is no less than $1-1/e$ of the optimal solution. In the uplink, when channel conditions are severe, some users can be selected as relays to ensure the quality of communication. Such that another social relationship is established to prevent the disclosure of privacy in the process of data forwarding. We establish a dynamic optimization model, and propose a peer selection algorithm. Simulation results show that the performance of cache placement algorithm is more efficient other algorithms in the aspect of average latency and hit ratio in the downlink, and the peer selection algorithm outperforms other algorithms in terms of average channel rate and handover ratio in the uplink.


Summary form only given. Plasma ignition of solid propellant is a crucial and challenging task in the development of the electrothermal-chemical (ETC) gun technology. In this work, an attempt is made to develop a model for the ignition process of solid propellant submitted to a plasma flux. Comprehensive physical and chemical processes are taken into account, including the heat conduction in the solid propellant, heat release from condensed phase thermal decomposition and subsequent chemical reaction, as well as energy feedback from gas phase chemical reaction. Results are obtained for ignition delay, time dependent temperature profile in both solid propellant and gas phase, and pressure track during the ignition process. The influence of plasma temperature and pressure on the ignition characteristics is analyzed. Finally, calculation results are compared with experiment results in order to evaluate the prediction accuracy.


Enterprise annuity is the second pillars of the social security, but it is not well carried out in china. As the taxation taken as an important tool of national income adjustment, the preferential tax policy should be treated differently. To achieve social fairness and improve employee participation in pension plans, we should implement different preferential tax policies based on different income groups.


Strategies in term rewriting systems (TRSs) indicate a position of a given term to be reduced. Since a term generally has more than one normal forms in overlapping systems, it is desired to find a complete strategy, which can search all normal forms of a given term. This paper gives a sufficient condition that guarantees the completeness of the outermost strategy for overlapping TRSs. We also discuss an equivalent transformation of TRSs in order to obtain ones that satisfy the sufficient condition.


G. HASENJAEGER. Formates und produktives Schliefjen. Mathematisch-physikalische Semesterberichte (Gbttingen), vol. 6 no. 1/2 (1958), pp. 184-194. The paper under review has an expository character. In order to prepare material for the main discussion, the author gives examples of theories expressed in the firstorder language of ordered rings, which are either decidable, as the theory of real numbers, or axiomatizable but not decidable, as the theory of ordered rings, or not axiomatizable, as the theory of natural numbers. (He mentions the fact that, for the theory of natural numbers with bounded quantifiers, only the complement of the set of theorems is axiomatizable, and sketches a proof showing that the set of theorems is not axiomatizable.) There is also a sketch of a proof of Church's theorem on the predicate calculus (PC), wherein the author uses a concept of effective procedure which may be mentioned briefly. Let A be a "free" domain, generated by a set B of elements with the help of a set C of functors. To every x e A there then corresponds a "name" of x, i.e., a certain term tx formed from elements of B and C. A set M £ A is called "regular" if there exists a formula F of PC (augmented by function signs) such that x e M if and only if h F -*• P(tx) in PC, where P is a predicate variable used as name for M. Clearly regularity should correspond to recursive enumerability; in this regard compare a similar concept in XXVIII 245, Part V. In the main discussion the author considers the intuitive distinction between a purely mechanical procedure of proving mathematical theorems and an ingenious one, i.e., one that involves ingenuity or originality. He maintains that the ingenious part of mathematics begins only with theories that are not axiomatizable (among which the reduced number theory mentioned above is already included). Algebraic theories become interesting only after introducing higher concepts, such as substructures, ideals, etc. Decidable theories are regarded (in this connection) as trivial. — The reviewer doubts if the question of mechanization vs. ingenuity in the proof of mathematical theorems — which though intuitively understandable is not easy of conceptual analysis — can be treated as summarily or by as sweeping a characterization of theories as is here suggested. GERT HEINZ MULLER


We explore direct interaction of human and multi-rotor robots and its applications for entertainment. In this paper, we present our system that realises direct and multimodal interaction using onboard cameras and a microphone. With these onboard sensors to detect human actions, the robots' reaction chains and expands one after another. In addition, as all the processing is executed within the onboard computer, there is no need to use external devices. We describe its interaction scenario from take-off to landing, and present the pilot evaluation of our system.


With an advancement in technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) has penetrated various domains such as smart buildings, intelligent transportation systems, healthcare, smart parking, air quality monitoring, water contamination identification, and supply chain owing to its ubiquitous nature. IoT devices periodically collect the data and send it to the gateway or server for pre-processing. However, the security offered in the IoT devices or gateways are still in a nascent stage. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) meant for detecting the cyber threats on IoT should intercept most threats with minimum latency and yet be lightweight in nature. IoT devices also have low memory footprint which makes them resource constrained. This paper presents a framework built using a three-tier IoT architecture that successfully detects most attacks using machine learning approaches with an accuracy of 99%. Machine learning approaches are fed data using Apache Kafka to REST API. Sampling methods such as undersampling and adaptive synthetic sampling are applied to balance the imbalanced nature of the dataset. We examined the robustness of the approach using different samples with varying sizes and varying dimensions. Experimental results depict a superior performance of random forest over other approaches in terms of speed and accuracy.


In this paper, we have defined a new class of sets called fγ-PS-generalized closed sets using fγ-PS-open set and fγ-PS-closure of a set in fine topological space. Also, we have defined some new functions, namely fγ-PS-g-continuous by using the fγ -PS-g-closed set and fγ-PS-g-open set in fine topological space with illustrative examples. AMS Subject Classification: 54XX, 54CXX. Key Words: Fine-open sets, fγ-PS-open sets, fγ-PS-closed sets, fγ-PS-g-continuous function.


This paper introduces the application of third order cyclic statistics for vibration signals in rotating machinery. It is shown for the first time that these vibration signals display third-order cyclostationarity under some conditions. A model of signals modulated in amplitude and phase is used in order to compute the cyclic bispectrum, a third-order cyclic statistical parameter, in the frequency domain. The interpretation and the estimation techniques of this cyclic bispectrum give better understanding of the application of cyclic statistics to mechanical systems. The ambiguity concerning the use of moments or cumulants for the estimates is discussed. Moreover, the difference between them is illustrated with industrial gear signals. Application to the diagnosis of spalling in gear teeth of a U.S. Navy helicopter gearbox demonstrates the effectiveness of this new parameter for a good diagnosis.


Abstract A method for differentiation of gas- and particulate-phase mercury in mainstream cigarette smoke was developed using electrostatic precipitation (EP) as the trap for the particulate phase and impingers containing acidic potassium permanganate solution as the trap for the gas-phase portion. The mercury collected from the gas phase was analyzed by conventional cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) and the particulate phase was analyzed by gold amalgamation CVAAS. Cigarettes were smoked under two smoking regimes, FTC (35-mL puff volume, 2 s puff duration and one puff every 60 s) and an alternative (45-mL puff volume, 2 s puff duration, one puff every 30 s and 50% of any ventilation holes blocked) currently recommended by the Massachusetts Department of Health. For the 1R4F reference cigarette smoked under the FTC smoking regime, the mercury found in the particulate phase was less than 0.2 ng/cig, compared with 4.9 ng/cig in the gas phase. By changing smoking parameters, the mercury concentration in mainstream smoke was found to change proportional to the delivery of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) for the same type of cigarette. However, the mercury level for different types of cigarettes smoked under the same smoking parameters had no linear relationship with CSC delivery. Spiked recovery was 98% AA± 8% for gas-phase mercury and 97% AA± 2% for the particulate phase. These results indicate that the analytical method developed is suitable for the determination of mercury in mainstream smoke. For routine analytical work in a smoking laboratory, only the gas phase needs to be analyzed for determination of mercury in mainstream smoke because the amount of mercury in the particulate phase is negligible.


In order to improve the speaker recognition accuracy, the pitch is applied to GMM-based speaker recognition (SR). The circular average magnitude difference function (CAMDF) method is used to extract the pitch. An endpoint detection method based on the pitch is proposed. The following four features are selected as the features of the SR: the mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) based on the pitch, the pitch contour, the pitch first-order difference and the pitch changed rate. Experimental results show that the recognition rate using proposed endpoint detection method is improved 20% than that using the conventional method. The recognition rate of the proposed system using the selected four features is improved 5% than that of the speaker recognition system using the MFCC parameters only.


Archival HST FOS and GHRS data sets have been used to collect ultraviolet evidence for large- and small-scale stellar wind structure in extragalactic Local Group OB stars (i.e. SMC, LMC including R136, M31, M33 and NGC 6822). By comparison with previous studies of Galactic OB stars, wind activity is principally diagnosed in individual spectrograms via the presence of 'narrow absorption components' and saturated 'black' absorption troughs in the resonance line doublets. Their characteristics broadly suggest that these stars share the same physical mechanisms for perturbing the winds as those that act in Galactic stars. Both of these spectral indicators are also used to provide reliable measures of wind terminal velocities. These velocities are directly compared with previously published Galactic values, without reliance on model profile fitting. Relative to Galactic OB stars, the most discrepant terminal velocities (and wind line profiles) result from main-sequence early O-type stars in the SMC.


A magnetic manipulation system for medical applications is designed with its coils widely distributed over a sufficiently large space such that a patient can lie down, an operator can enjoy the accessibility, and the workspace is sufficiently large. However, this design makes the current references asymmetrical. Moreover, at the corners, some references might exceed the coil current rating, and the magnetic field cannot be synthesized as desired. To address this overcurrent reference problem, this article proposes a magnetic manipulation system controlled with the minimum infinity-norm current reference. In many magnetic manipulation systems, the current reference for a given motion command of the magnetic field is infinite. And the minimum infinity-norm current reference is the most feasible. The proposed control strategy presents an increased maximum synthesizable magnetic field in an arbitrary direction, including the worst case direction, compared with the conventional field of Moore–Penrose inverse control. To verify the effectiveness, the worst case direction of the magnetic field of each method is analytically derived. And, the controllable areas of the eight-coil magnetic manipulation system are compared. This article also proposes a soft mode transition between the two methods for efficiency enhancement. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.


The questions challenge the cadastral value of land proof of the fallacy of state cadastral valuation (SCV) and the validity of the alternative assessment. On the example of land for industrial use of the Samara region is considered a systemic approach to challenging the cadastral value, including an analysis of indicators of market value, identifying inconsistencies SCV and alternative individual assessment of the market value of the property (land). According to the authors, should be differentiated evaluation by type of permitted use, and to entrust the performance of its highly specialized evaluators.


Emotion regulation is an important aspect in children's emotional development. Parents play an important role in emotion socialization, including in developing their child's emotion regulation. Parental emotional style can affect children's learning process to regulate their emotions. Father and mother may use different emotional styles. As such, children may encounter difficulties in learning to regulate their emotions. The purpose of this study is to look at the emotion regulation of children aged 4-6 years, based on the father and mother's emotional style. This study employed a comparative quantitative approach involved 156 participants. Data were collected online by distributing the Parental Emotional Style (PESQ) and Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC). Analysis using Two-Way ANOVA show that there was no difference in the emotion regulation of children aged 4-6 years based on the father and mother's emotional style. The result was important as it might reflect the way emotion socialization conducted in Indonesia. The discussion explored these possibilities and shed lights for future research on this topic.


Percutaneous anterior stabilization of pelvic ring instability may be useful if closed reduction and stability can be achieved. The first clinical results are promising showing sufficient anterior stabilization, where the soft tissue is spared. In this report we describe the indication and technique for the percutaneous anterior internal pelvic fixator and discuss advantages and disadvantages in context of the current literature. After posterior stability is restored by the standard techniques (eg iliosacral screw placement or posterior plating), the patient is prepared in supine position with the lower limbs included to facilitate reduction. An oblique incision of 3 cm beneath the anterior superior iliac spine bilaterally is made. Blunt dissection of the soft tissue, including the fascia, is followed by the use of a Jamshidi needle to establish the corridor in the ilium. A C-arm and wire-guided implantation of the cannulated pedicle screw is followed by subcutaneous placement of a contoured connecting rod above the abdominal muscle fascia. The described technique facilitates a definitive anterior fixation of vertically and rotationally unstable pelvic ring fractures. Sufficient posterior stability or fixation has to be assumed. Implant removal is required in a second operation. To our opinion, this technique has several advantages, but as an elective surgical approach is not applicable in hemodynamically unstable patients.


This article analyses special issues, also referred to as thematic issues, monographic issues, or supplements, a mode of scientific journal publishing that has rarely been studied. It presents a bibliometric analysis of the production of journals in the field of communication in the period 2015–2019 and studies the impact of the publication of special issues in this field. The sample analysed includes 21,458 articles and reviews, 524 special issues, 418 publishers, and 94 journals. The study considers the presence of special issues in communication journals and the distribution and number of papers published in them and compares the impact of papers published in this mode with papers published in regular issues. The results reveal that 19% of articles and reviews published in the period studied appeared in special issues, which generally contain the same number of articles as regular issues. Moreover, 75% of journals achieved a higher average impact factor with articles published in special issues than they did with articles in regular issues. It is concluded that the publication of special issues appears to offer the potential benefits of attracting submissions, increasing profits, and improving impact, although it also has disadvantages. A reflection is offered on the strengths and weaknesses of this publishing practice.


The disclosed method of limiting the peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) of a signal comprises: applying a pulse-shape filter fig.3: 4iq to a first signal IQ to generate a second signal for transmission from a power amplifier fig.3: 12. The method further comprises: applying each of a plurality of predictor filters fig.4: H0 - H3 to the first signal, each predictor filter approximating the pulse-shape filter based on a different respective set of filter coefficients, each thereby generating a respective third signal. The method also further comprises determining an indicator of amplitude of each of the third signals, fig.4: SSQ0-3, selecting the indicator corresponding to the largest of those amplitudes, fig.4: 26, generating a modifier based on the selected indicator, fig.4: 28, and using the modifier to limit the first signal fig.4: 32, prior to applying the pulse-shape filter fig.3: 4iq. Each predictor filter H0-H3 is a finite impulse response (FIR) filter operating in the time domain. The method is less costly to implement than prior art methods. A PAR reduction of about 1dB can be achieved in exchange for worsening error vector magnitude (EVM) by about 6%.


To the Editor: —Hoobler (The Journal, August 4, p. 307), in a recent article on the symptomatology of vitamin B deficiency in infants, states that an alcoholic extract rich in the anti-neuritic substance of the wheat germ is not obtainable on a commercial basis. While working on pernicious anemia, Koessler and Maurer (The Journal, Sept. 3, 1927, p. 768) used such an extract to stimulate the appetite and supply possible vitamin deficiency in severe cases of anemia. For this purpose a successful commercial process has been developed in the Otho S. A. Sprague Memorial Institute for its manufacture, a description of which method will be published soon. This product is being used in clinical research in the Cook County and Children's hospitals, Chicago, and its properties and vitamin content are being tested experimentally on animals at the University of Chicago. It is now being manufactured for us and may be


【Objective】In order to know the improvement effect of dairy cattle in the Central Shaanxi Plain and to formulate the next development goals.【Method】By DHI determination,we collected the data of the genetic improvement and the production performance of dairy cows from different farms,then made a statistical analysis.【Result】The result indicated that the number of dairy cows in the Central Shaanxi Plain was increasing gradually.72.29% of breeding companies had more than 2000 dairy cow,the utilization rates of ordinary and sexuality controlled frozen semen and improved embryo were 94.02%,4.36% and 1.62%,respectively.Thes pregnancy rate during the oestrum was 56.73%,the survival rate of calves was 93.42%;the birth weight of cow claves reached to 36.50 kg,the 305 d milk yield was 6617.02 kg.Compared with smaller farming region,the results were significantly improved.【Conclusion】Through DHI determination,we could establish a digitized evaluation system,it had significant importance to make great progress on the.development of dairy cattle in the local region.


This paper presents a study of surface roughness carbide blanks DK460UF (91%WC and 9% Co). The samples tungsten carbides were machined with diamond grinding wheels with different grain size, with different cutting regimes, using cutting medium. The aspect of machined surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of experimental studies have shown that machined surfaces of tungsten carbide by grinding have small roughness if it uses grinding wheel with little grit.


The effect of Prandtl number of a medium on heat transfer across a horizonal layer was measured. Stainless steel particles of diameters 1.6, 3.2, and 4.8 mm, glass particles of diameters 2.5 and 6.00 mm, and lead particles of diameter 0.95 mm were used with silicon oil, water and mercury as working fluids. The bed height was varied from 2.5 to 12 cm. Experimental results are presented showing Nusselt number as a function of medium Rayleigh number with the effective Prandtl number, defined as the product of medium Prandtl number and Kozeny--Carmen constant, serving as a parameter. Correlations for Nusselt number are given for effective Prandtl number less than 0.1 and for effective Prandtl number greater than 0.1, which corresponds to an infinite effective Prandtl number. For the steel--water case the wavenumber is shown as a function of medium Rayleigh number.


High voltage Schottky diodes, often used in DC-to-DC converters are susceptible to single event burnout (SEB) due to energetic particle strike, posing a concern for their use in space components. Prior to recent test reports, diode SEB had not been considered a risk to space programs despite the phenomenon having been studied in high power terrestrial PN diodes in the 1990s. Schottky diodes have been engineered to prevent premature breakdown under high reverse bias voltage and minimize leakage currents at the edge of the contact electrode. Graded passivation structures, p+ doped guard rings, and a metallization field plate and thick field oxide help to mitigate failures due to the high electric fields resulting from sharp edge effects at the contact electrode. Recent heavy ion strike data indicates a tendency to failure along the guard ring structure and an effective drop in failure rate of two orders of magnitude has been observed after protective masking of the diode edge that includes this area. Due to the lack of comprehensive test data and understanding of the exact physics of failure, SEB in Schottky diodes has an uncertain impact on reliability. Existing space contractor derating guidelines may already be sufficient to mitigate this failure but with an uncertain margin that could further depend on the diode type, design, and implementation. We investigate the observed preferential SEB through physics-based computer modeling using Silvaco TCAD. We perform transient electro-thermal simulations on three-dimensional structures derived from destructive physical analysis (DPA) of failed diodes and failure sites. This effort should better the understanding of the risk of diode SEB by coupling numerical modeling with direct observations of failure.


Puts forward a framework for carrying out user evaluations of expert systems, which is based on user evaluations carried out in a large British company over a period of three years. The aim of this framework is to ensure that the aims of the expert system designers and the users of the system are congruent. This in turn will make it more likely that the expert system will be a success. The framework covers aspects such as user type, updating knowledge, training, the value of the system and the human/computer interface.


Extreme precipitation events can cause significant impacts to life, property, and the economy. As forecasting capabilities increase, the subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) time scale provides an opportunity for advanced notice of impactful precipitation events. Building on a previous workshop, the Prediction of Rainfall Extremes at Subseasonal to Seasonal Periods (PRES2iP) project team conducted a second workshop virtually in the fall of 2021. The workshop engaged a variety of practitioners, including emergency managers, water managers, tribal environmental professionals, and National Weather Service meteorologists. While the team's first workshop examined the "big picture" in how practitioners define "extreme precipitation" and how precipitation events impact their jobs, this workshop focused on details of S2S precipitation products, both current and potential future decision tools. Discussions and activities in this workshop assessed how practitioners use existing forecast products to make decisions about extreme precipitation, how they interpret newly developed educational tools from the PRES2iP team, and how they manage uncertainty in forecasts. By collaborating with practitioners, PRES2iP team plans to use knowledge gained going forward to create more educational and operational tools related to S2S extreme precipitation event prediction, helping practitioners to make more informed decisions.


The article below is being retracted following an investigation by the Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen of the work done by Joachim Boldt during his time there, as there is significant doubt regarding the veracity of this publication. Boldt J, Mueller M, Menges T, Papsdorf M, Hempelmann G. Influence of different volume therapy regimens on regulators of the circulation in the critically ill. Br J Anaesth 1996; 77: 480-7 (doi:10.1093/bja/77.4.480) Copy Edited by: Not Mentioned


This article presents the translation and cultural adaptation, into Canadian English, of the Outil diagnostique de l'action en partenariat, a tool widely used to support the practice of partnerships since its creation in French, in Quebec, in 2008. The theoretical foundations and properties of the original tool are presented, followed by a summary of methodological guidelines and a description of the process and results. The methodology involved an expert committee to formulate the English tool and verify its equivalence with the original, and a pretest with target users. Th is rigorous procedure ensures equivalence of the translated tool and its cultural adaptation to the intended users.


In general, a medium disturbed by plane ultrasonic waves becomes a combined amplitude and phase grating for the light passing through this medium. A theory for the interference pattern in the Fresnel region is developed in terms of the light wavefront emerging from any arbitrary periodic grating. The images formed in the Fresnel field repeat at regular distances. The periodicities of these images are discussed for all periodic gratings.


The Hasanuddin University has two lakes / site that form a reservoir ecosystem network of water potential as a buffer zone soil water conservation both inside the campus and the region around the Unhas campus. Therefore, Unhas Lake water resources must be protected in order to get clear and healthy water for humans and other living things and should be monitored for water quality regularly and continuously. The research method is observational method with a descriptive study design. The water samples were taken from Unhas Lake which is divided into five sampling points determined by purposive sampling method. Based on physical parameters test results of five sampling points obtained, Unhas Lake Water temperatures were quite stable, ranged between 27,2°C-28,2°C. TDS test results obtained that TDS levels of Unhas Lake Water ranged from 129 mg/l-140 mg/l and were under water quality standard for Class 1 that requires TDS level maximum 1000 mg/l. Meanwhile, TSS test results that meet class I quality standard was station 2, 3, 4, ranged between 10 mg/l-26 mg/l, while stations (points) that did not meet the quality standard for Class 1 were station 1 and 5 i. e 60 mg/l and 90 mg/l, while the maximum permissible level was 50 mg/l. Based on chemical parameters test results, quality of Unhas Lake Water did not meet the quality standard criteria for Class 1 listed in Government Regulation Number 82 Year 2001 for parameters ammonia, BOD5, COD, DO, and nitrite. Meanwhile, the chemical parameters for class 1 quality standard that meet are iron, fluoride, nitrate, and sulfate. Based on microbiological parameters test results of five sampling points showed that Fecal coliform bacteria level at stations (points) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 295 MPN/100 ml, 4352 MPN/100 ml, 17329 MPN/100 ml, 142 MPN/100 ml, and 30 MPN/100 ml, Fecal coliform bacteria with the highest number was at station (point) 3 and the lowest was at station (point) 5. The number of total coliform bacteria at stations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 24196 MPN/100 ml, > 24196 MPN/100 ml, > 24196 MPN/100 ml, 10462 MPN/100 ml, and 10462 MPN/100 ml, total coliform bacteria with the highest number were at station (point) 2 and 3 and the lowest were at station (point) 4 and 5.


The objective of this study was investigate the relationship of the different stages of organizational life cycle of companies in the field of mechanical metal in Alto and Medio Vale do Itajai, with the profile of the budgeting process. The methodology used was characterized as descriptive performed by means of a survey, with a quantitative approach. We used a questionnaire with 54 questions divided into four blocks, adapted from Frezatti et al. (2010). The life cycle model in the implement of research is to Miller and Friesen (1984). Questionnaires were sent to 193 companies in the metal mechanic industry of the Alto and Medio Vale do Itajai. We obtained 31 answers who were treated statistically by means of descriptive statistics, discriminant analysis and correlation analysis. The results show that most


The present work provides the first information concerning the ability of a rainbow trout interleukin-1β (IL-1β) derived peptide, P3, to enhance phagocytosis and bactericidal activity. P3 was synthesized to complex with the IL-1 receptor and corresponds to fragment 197-206 (YRRNTGV-DIS) of the trout sequence. A dose-dependent effect of P3 on phagocytosis in head kidney leucocytes was documented, with an optimal response occurring at 0.25 mM. With respect to the temporal kinetics of P3 induced activation, an incubation period of 2 h resulted in enhanced phagocytic activity, although incubation times of between 4 and 24 h were optimal. An additive effect was observed when P3 (0.1 mM) was combined with another IL-1 derived peptide, P1 (0.1 mM). The latter peptide corresponds to fragment 146-157 (YVTPVPIETEAR) and is equivalent to a region in the mammalian protein that is known to be part of the receptor binding domain, but does not overlap with P3. With respect to bactericidal activity, macrophages incubated for 24 h with 0.1 mM P3 demonstrated an enhanced ability to kill an avirulent strain (MT004) of the Gram-negative salmonid pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. Further investigation revealed that extracellular production of superoxide anions was not responsible for the enhanced bactericidal activity of macrophages exposed to P3.


We investigate the bound state problem in a one-dimensional flat band system with a Coulomb potential. It is found that, in the presence of a Coulomb potential of type I (with three equal diagonal elements), similarly to that in the two-dimensional case, the flat band could not survive. At the same time, the flat band states are transformed into localized states with a logarithmic singularity near the center position. In addition, the wave function near the origin would collapse for an arbitrarily weak Coulomb potential. Due to the wave function collapses, the eigen-energies for a shifted Coulomb potential depend sensitively on the cut-off parameter. For a Coulomb potential of type II, there exist infinite bound states that are generated from the flat band. Furthermore, when the bound state energy is very near the flat band, the energy is inversely proportional to the natural number, e.g., En ∝ 1/n, n = 1,2,3,… It is expected that the 1/n energy spectrum could be observed experimentally in the near future.


This paper introduces a framework for analyzing the role of …nancial factors as a source of instability in small open economies. Our basic model is a dynamic open economy model with a tradeable good produced with capital and a country-speci…c factor. We also assume that …rms face credit constraints, with the constraint being tighter at a lower level of …nancial development. A basic implication of this model is that economies at an intermediate level of …nancial development are more unstable than either very developed or very underdeveloped economies. This is true both in the sense that temporary shocks have large and persistent e¤ects and also in the sense that these economies can exhibit cycles. Thus, countries that are going through a phase of …nancial development may become more unstable in the short run. Similarly, full capital account liberalization may destabilize the economy in economies at an intermediate level of …nancial development: phases of growth with capital in‡ows are followed by collapse with capital out‡ows. On the other hand, foreign direct investment does not destabilize.


The paper discusses the theories of realism and liberalism.The realist theory believes that balance of power and deterrence can get rid of "security dilemma" under the anarchical international conditions.The liberalist theory embraces the ideas of world government,collective security,economic interdependent peace,and democratic peace.Both suggest that the domestic structure of states,and their values,identities and cultures can all affect peace and that trade can make nations more interdependent and less inclined to war.International institutions can solve conflicts.Democratic nations never fight with each other.The two theories are valuable for solving the security problems in the post-Cold War era.


The need for information about a health is a critical thing. In getting information about the illness patients only get information from doctors as a health practitioner. Implementation of WebService XML on the websites is limited to a web browser client and web hosting as a server which is the center that includes data provider, business services, and user interface. The main purpose of this idea is to give priority to optimizing Webservice XML by using a web architecture model to facilitate and accelerate the delivery access of information about health, especially TBC disease.


The rising demand for cardiac transplantation and the steady decline in the number of instances of organ donation pose a serious challenge to physicians dealing with biventricular end-stage heart failure. Total artificial heart (TAH) therapy is therefore an alternative of growing importance. Three systems are currently available: The SynCardia-TAH (SynCardia Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ, USA), the AbioCor-TAH (Abiomed, Inc., Danvers, MA, USA) and since recently the CARMAT-TAH (Carmat SA, Velizy Villacoublay, France). The 'SynCardia' is the only TAH system widely available. In addition to being a bridge to transplant [1, 2], the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved a Humanitarian Use Device designation for the SynCardia-TAH for its use for destination therapy (DT) in patients not eligible for transplantation [3]. The limitations of this technology are mechanical parts that are prone to wear and tear, the need for percutaneous tubes and dependence on a permanent external driver. The 'AbioCor-TAH' was the first totally implantable, electrically driven TAH, designed as an alternative to cardiac transplantation. Although approved under the Humanitarian Device Exemption program in 2006, the device is currently not implanted due to its limited clinical success [4]. Finally, the 'CARMAT' is a fully implantable, electrohydraulically driven, pulsatile flow device with four bioprosthetic valves. Its artificial ventricles consist of processed bioprosthetic pericardial tissue and expanded polytetrafluorethylene [5]. The first-in-man implant was performed in 2013. The duration of support was 74 days. The feasibility trial is still ongoing. Durability and maintenance-free operation are essential requirements incorporated into any TAH design to facilitate long-term support. Reliable operation and broad applicability depend on small dimensions of the pump unit, low weight, low thermal losses, minimal haemolysis and thrombogenicity, sufficient pumping capacity and redundancy in all possible system components. These requirements are addressed by the 'ReinHeart' (Fig. 1). This is an electrically driven TAH currently being developed on this basis by our institutions. It is designed as an alternative to heart transplantation and aimed to support patients for at least 5 years. The size of the pump unit and the orientation of the inand outlets have been optimized according to anatomical and virtual fit studies [6]. A first major characteristic of the ReinHeart concept is the application of a linear motor concept that diminishes the need for wearprone components such as ball-bearings, gears and lubricants, increasing the durability and reliability of the pump unit. The linear motor is directly connected to a left and a right pusher plate, guided by a single linear bearing. The pusher plates are actuated in an alternating way, pumping the blood out of the chambers in a physiological sinusoidal pattern. The chambers consist of highly biocompatible transparent methacrylate–acrylonitrile–butadiene– styrene thermoplastic copolymer. Four mechanical valves (St Jude Medical, Inc.; St Paul, MN, USA) facilitate unidirectional blood flow. A second major characteristic of the ReinHeart is that the pump chambers are not mechanically attached to the pusher plates, enabling a preload sensitive filling and consequently ejection of the ventricles. This allows a robust implementation of a starling-like behaviour similar to the natural heart. In contrast to the AbioCor and the CARMAT-TAHs, vulnerable pressure sensors are not required for this purpose. Depending on operational frequency and preload, the artificial ventricles can generate a pump flow of up to 7.5 l/min. Figure 2 gives an overview of the system components. The implanted components are the pump unit, an implantable controller, a transcutaneous energy transmission (TET) system and a compliance chamber that optimizes ventricular filling. External patient equipment consists of the primary TET coil and a user interface with batteries. The TET system supports the device up to a distance of 30 mm. The batteries are charged by connecting the outer coil of the TET system and can operate the device for 45 min at full capacity. Total implantability of the system components facilitates increased patient mobility and silent operation, thus contributing to a significantly increased quality of life.


On July 1, 2000, the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) took effect replacing the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA). The overall purpose of WIA is to create an integrated workforce participation and employment system that meets the needs of job seekers as well as the employment needs of the nation's employers. Regulations, policies and reports from Congress and the U.S. Department of Labor have made it clear that persons with disabilities are among those who are supposed to benefit from this restructuring. This recent passage of federal policy could lead to changes in the manner in which students with disabilities are supported in post secondary education and other life long opportunities leading to subsequent employment. This article will review the new policy and analyze specific components of the policy concerning persons with disabilities and postsecondary education and life long learning opportunities.


The aims of this study were to evaluate the pattern of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) of the upper limb at rest and after injection of Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT‐A) in poststroke subacute hemiparetic patients.


Distance education strategies for remotely deployed, highly mobile, or institutionalized populations are reviewed and critiqued. Specifically, asynchronous, offline responses for special military units, Native Americans on remote reservations, prison populations and other geographically, temporally or technologically isolated niche populations are explored.


Today's doubly fedinduction generators aremore andmore usedinwindfams.Thereexist several interactions between thenetwork andthese farms, power quality andgrid integration arethemost problems. Inthis paper a doubly-fed induction generator withactive filtering function forwindenergy conversion systems isproposed.A vectorcontrol ofthemachine side converter isrealised inorderto assuresimultaneously decoupled control ofthestator active andreactive powersand thecompensation of current harmonics duetonon-linear load connected ontheutility line.