Background: Enthesitis is a key clinical domain and imaging hallmark of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Ultrasound (US) is a highly sensitive tool for detecting synovitis and enthesitis in PsA. The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Initiative (OMERACT) has developed an US definition and scoring system of enthesitis for clinical studies.1 The ULTIMATE study (NCT02662985) is the first large double-blind (DB), placebo-controlled phase IIIb study designed to demonstrate a rapid and significant benefit of subcutaneous secukinumab vs. placebo on US detected synovitis in patients with PsA.2 Objectives: To report the enthesitis response to secukinumab over 24 weeks using two novel US composite enthesitis scores. Methods: This was a 52-week study consisting of a 12-week DB, a 12-week open-label (OL) and a 6-month extension period.2 Inclusion criteria required ≥1 clinical enthesitis as per SPARCC enthesitis index, but not US-assessed enthesitis.2 Patients were randomised (1:1) to either weekly secukinumab (300 or 150 mg according to severity of skin psoriasis) or placebo followed by 4-weekly dosing thereafter. All placebo patients switched to OL secukinumab (placebo-secukinumab) at Week 12. Throughout the study, enthesitis was assessed with SPARCC and US. Six anatomical sites were assessed bilaterally with US: insertions of lateral epicondyle tendons, quadriceps, patellar ligaments (distal and proximal insertions), Achilles tendons and plantar fascia. Two exploratory global OMERACT-US enthesitis scores were tested: Definition 1 combining power Doppler (PD; 0–3) and Grey Scale (0–1) inflammation and Definition 2 rating PD only (0–3) across the six anatomical sites. Data were analysed with mixed-effect model repeated measures (MMRM) up to Week 12 and as observed from Week 12 to 24. The comparison of OMERACT-US enthesitis score within treatment groups was tested with paired and between treatment groups with unpaired t-tests. Results: Of 166 patients enrolled, 93% completed 24 weeks of treatment (secukinumab, 95%; placebo-secukinumab, 92%). The average clinical enthesitis count at baseline was 4. Since the presence of PD was not a mandatory inclusion criterion, a higher proportion of patients met Global OMERACT-US enthesitis score with Definition 1 vs. Definition 2 (81% vs. 33%) at baseline (Table). Mean reduction from baseline to Week 24 in SPARCC enthesitis index was 3 each for initial secukinumab and placebo-secukinumab groups. Resolution of enthesitis (SPARCC) was 46% for initial secukinumab and 54% for placebo-secukinumab groups at Week 24. A comparable decrease in OMERACT-US enthesitis (Definition 1 and 2) score was observed from baseline to Week 24 for initial secukinumab and placebo-secukinumab groups (Figure). Conclusion: A consistent clinical and US response on enthesitis was shown through 24 weeks across initial secukinumab and placebo switcher groups. While ULTIMATE has demonstrated the responsiveness of these global OMERACT-US enthesitis scores, further work is required to test these scores in PsA cohorts with inclusion criteria for both clinical and US enthesitis. References: [1]Balint PV, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77:1730-5. [2]D'Agostino MA, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020;72(suppl 10). Disclosure of Interests: Maria-Antonietta D'Agostino Speakers bureau: Sanofi, Novartis, BMS, Janssen, Celgene, AbbVie, UCB pharma and Eli Lilly, Consultant of: Sanofi, Novartis, BMS, Janssen, Celgene, AbbVie, UCB pharma and Eli Lilly, Philip G Conaghan Speakers bureau: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BMS, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, Novartis and Pfizer, Consultant of: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BMS, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, Novartis and Pfizer, Corine Gaillez Shareholder of: Novartis and BMS, Employee of: Novartis, Maarten Boers Consultant of: BMS, Novartis, Pfizer, and GSK, Esperanza Naredo Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Roche, BMS, Pfizer, UCB, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Janssen and Celgene, Consultant of: AbbVie, Novartis and BMS, Grant/research support from: Eli Lilly, Philippe Carron Speakers bureau: Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, BMS, AbbVie, UCB, Eli Lilly, Gilead and Celgene, Consultant of: Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, BMS, AbbVie, UCB, Eli Lilly, Gilead and Celgene, Grant/research support from: UCB, MSD and Pfizer, Petra Hanova: None declared, Tomas Cazenave: None declared, Catherine Bakewell Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, and consulting honoraria from Pfizer, UCB, and Janssen, Consultant of: AbbVie, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, and consulting honoraria from Pfizer, UCB, and Janssen, Anne-Marie Duggan Employee of: Novartis, Punit Goyanka Employee of: Novartis, Georg Schett Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Gilead, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Roche and UCB pharma


Objective To investigate the pathophysiological mechanism,changes of electrocardiogram(ECG) and prevention of gallbladder heart syndrome.Methods ECGs of 50 patients with gallbladder heart syndrome were studied and analyzed.Results The changes in ECG of patients with gallbladder heart syndrome could be manifested as sinus arrhythmia、various premature beats,different degree A-V block,bundle branch block,abnormal ST-T and heightened U-wave.Their ECGs were improved or normalized after treatment.Conclusion Gallbladder heart syndrome can cause abnormal ECG and we should pay more attention to prevent the occurrence of gallbladder heart reflection during the operation period.


Displacement‐based assessment procedures require as input reliable estimates of the deformation capacity of all structural elements. For unreinforced masonry (URM) walls, current design codes specify the in‐plane deformation capacity as empirical equations of interstory drift. National codes differ with regard to the parameters that are considered in these empirical drift capacity equations, but the inhomogeneity of datasets on URM wall tests renders it difficult to validate the hypotheses with the currently available experimental data. This paper contributes to the future development of such empirical relationships by investigating the sensitivity of the drift capacity to the shear span, the aspect ratio, the axial load ratio, and the size of the wall. For this purpose, finite element models of URM walls are developed in Abaqus/Explicit and validated against a set of experimental results. The results show that the axial load ratio, the shear span, and the wall size are among the factors that influence the drift capacity the most. Empirical equations are mainly derived from test results on small walls, and the numerical results suggest that this can lead to a significant overestimation of the drift capacity for larger walls.


Background: Activation of Sirt1 and Nrf2/ARE, anti-oxidative stress signaling pathways, may play important regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Paeonol (PA), a small molecule phenolic compound with antioxidant capacity, has recently been demonstrated to have potential renoprotective effects on experimental diabetes. However, the exact regulatory effect of PA on inflammatory lesions of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in diabetic kidneys and the mechanism of its anti-oxidation needs to be further elucidated. In this study, we explored whether PA could ameliorate high glucose (HG)-induced overproduction of fibronectin (FN) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by promoting the activation of Sirt1 and Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways. Methods: Western blotting (WB), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and immunoprecipitation (IP) were performed to observed the effects of PA on HG-induced expressions of FN, ICAM-1 and Sirt1 as well as the nuclear content and DNA-binding activity of Nrf2 and expressions of its downstream target proteins HO-1 and SOD1. Results: In HG-treated GMCs, PA upregulated the expression of Sirt1 and repressed the protein levels of FN and ICAM -1. Besides, PA increased the nuclear content and DNA-binding activity of Nrf2 as well as expressions of its downstream target proteins HO-1 and SOD1. Once Sirt1 or Nrf2 was depleted, the inhibitory effects of PA on FN and ICAM-1 expressions disappeared. Furthermore, PA enhanced the interaction between Sirt1 and Nrf2. Also in vivo, we found PA markedly enhanced Sirt1 and Nrf2 expressions in kidneys


We studied the biomechanical features of mandibular fractures by mathematical modeling methods taking into account the data of direct and inverse gnathodinamometry. The forces of the masticatory muscles were measured strainsometrically. The following values of gnathodinamometry were taken for analysis of mathematical models of maxillofacial region: direct in central part - 21,28-28,28 kgf, in lateral parts - 37, 52-48,02 kgf; reverse - 7.26-11,16 kgf. Vectors of masticatory muscles and muscles of hyoid bone were studied mathematically.


This letter presents a fully packaged 130-GHz QPSK transmitter (TX) with an on-package Vivaldi antenna for high-density dielectric waveguide (DWG) chip-to-chip and board-to-board interconnects. The TX chip contains a multiplier chain for the local oscillator path, up-conversion mixers, and a two-stage power amplifier. For testing, the chip also includes two  $2^{7} - 1$  sequence-programmable high-speed pseudo-random bit generators, each capable of generating 18 Gb/s (limited by test equipment) at energy efficiency of 0.7 pJ/bit. The fully packaged TX achieves a data rate of 36 Gb/s over a 1-m-long DWG link, leading to energy efficiency of 6 pJ/bit.


Based on the recent advances of the research on the mechanism of HIV-1 infection, a novel model to elucidate the mechanism of HIV entry into the target cells is proposed and the perspective about the putative receptor is discussed in this review. Understanding of the crystal structure of HIV-1 transmembrane protein gp41 and the functions of HIV-1 receptor, co-receptor and the putative receptor will lead to developing effective HIV vaccine and anti-HIV drugs.


. In this paper we show that non-monotonic formalisms that are represented by approximation fixpoint theory can also be represented by formal argumentation frameworks. By this, we are able not only to recapture and generalize many forms of non-monotonic reasoning in the context of argumentation theory, but also introduce new argumentative representations that have not been considered so far.


1. Lever-winding system for guiding coiled tubing to the drum or drum, comprising a lever, a roller head which is fixedly connected to the lever and defining an orifice for the passage of a flexible tube. ! 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a positioning system coupled to the arm for selectively positioning the roller head relative to the drum. ! 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the positioning system comprises a vertical positioning mechanism for positioning the roller head vertically relative to the longitudinal axis of the drum and the mechanism for horizontal positioning of positioning the roller head laterally relative to the longitudinal axis of the drum. ! 4. The system of claim 3, wherein at least the vertical positioning mechanism is able to act independently from the drum drive mechanism. ! 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the arm comprises an elongate member having a first end pivotally coupled to the support structure, and a free end connected to a roller head. ! 6. The system of claim 5, further comprising a positioning system coupled to the arm for selectively positioning the roller head relative to the drum. ! 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the positioning system is able to act independently from the drum drive mechanism. ! 8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a lever assembly comprising a pair of spaced apart extensions, each of which has a first end pivotally connected to the support structure, and a distal end, the guide screw mounted for


The task of describing the organization of lymph nodes is one .which has provided perennial fascination for histopathologists. Progress was slow whilst investigators were dependent upon straightforward histological sections and simple staining techniques. The first major breakthrough came when it was realised that there are two different major classes of lymphocytes which occupy different areas of lymph nodes, and which migrate to different areas within the nodes after intravenous injection of separate, isotopically labelled suspensions of cells (Parrott & de Sousa 1971, Howard, Hunt & Gowans 1972). Another important milestone, which passed almost unnoticed at the time, was the identification of the interdigitating cell in the T areas of lymph nodes by Veldman (1970). The development of increasingly specific and sensitive antibodies which recognize not only different types and subsets of lymphocytes but also lymphocytes at different stages of activation and differentiation has reinforced and extended earlier observations (Janossy et al. 1980, Poppema et al. 1981, Barclay 1981). The review by Fossum & Ford on p. 469 of this issue summarizes earlier studies on the organization of various lymphoid elements in lymph nodes placing particular emphasis on observations made on rat lymph nodes and is very well illustrated by elegantly stained material. The authors are, however, of the opinion that there is still a wide gulf between the interests of histopathologists and those of the cellular immunologist. Is that so? I would have thought that the development of specific monoclonal antibodies resulted in the observations made on human lymph nodes being directly comparable with those on animal material. In many respects, reagents for use on human material are superior to those available for many animal species and Nature provides a wealth of experimental material under the guise of pathology to study. The main intention of the review is, however, to lay particular emphasis on the structural elements of lymph nodes and the non-lymphoid cells. Lymphocytes as such take a 'back seat'. I will follow the authors' example by commenting further on some of the important gaps in our knowledge of the functional architecture of lymph nodes rather than going over extensively investigated, though still controversial, topics such as the nature of the receptors for lymphocytes on high endothelial walled venules (HEV) and the differential migration of selected populations of lymphocytes and lymphoblasts. The main microenvironments of lymph nodes comprise the superficial or outer cortex, the deep or paracortex and the medulla. The authors point out, quite rightly, that the influence on immune responses of these complex microenvironments cannot be unravelled by studying the activity of isolated lymphocytes in vitro. The processes of initiating immune responses can


This chapter examines representative texts of Japanese literature regarding age and ageing in terms of certain central features. The question is explored according to relevant contexts, terminology, and concepts concerning age, for example, pokkuri , keirō , yamauba , ubasute , inkyō , kanreki , rōgo , boke , as well as decade-specific interpretations of age, life-stages, and death. The years between 1947 and 1960 saw a significant ageing of Japanese society. The chapter examines texts from the decades after 1945, focusing on the literary treatment of the topic for that phase in which the old-age boom falls. It is a world of ageing determined by aestheticism and the theme of sexuality that one encounter in the works of Tanizaki Jun'ichirō und Kawabata Yasunari , whose texts present an old-age eroticism that is oriented toward the paradigms of fin de siecle European thought. Keywords: aestheticism; ageing; death initiation; Japanese literature


Inthis article, a design ofan HNM (harmonic plusnoise) modelusedfor prosodic modification of Slovak speech isdescribed HNM model represents speech signals as a sum ofa harmonic anda noise part.The decomposition ofspeech signal intothese twopartsenables more natural sounding modifications ofthesignal. Theparametric representation ofspeech provides a straightforward way ofchanging prosodic features ofthe speech. Ouralgorithm isbased on themodified HNM model. Moreover, thesystemdetects theexactphase ofthe sinusoids toensurebetter quality ofthespeech signal.


One case report of a healthy 40 weeks pregnant woman who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery of a healthy baby. Immediate postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) was soon recognized, coming up with a hemodynamic and respiratory collapsed. Hysterectomy was the next step for treatment which at this time and at postoperative period intractable bleeding due to severe disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was also demonstrated. After that massive replacement with blood and blood components along with other medications were given to correct the volume status, the consumption defect and for prevention of other morbidity. She survived without any complications. These findings were correlated to the syndrome of amniotic fluid embolism (AFE).


The new triphosphine (Me2P)2NN(Me)(PMe2) (1), has been synthesized in pure form by the reaction of methylhydrazine with dimethylchlorophosphine in the presence of triethylamine. This triphosphine represents a bridge between phosphinoamine (>PN(R)P PN(R)N(R)P<) backbones. Reaction of 1 with cis-[W(CO)4(NHC5H10)2] proceeds via two coordination modes to give four-membered MPNP and five-membered MPNNP metallacyclic frameworks. The tungsten complex cis-[W(CO)4{(Me2P)2NN(Me)(PMe2)}] (2) possessing an uncoordinated phosphine moiety to prepare multimetallic organometallic compounds. For example, reactions of 2 with PdCl2(PhCN)2 and PtCl2(COD) produced the trimetallic complexes consisting of W(0)Pt(II) and W(0)Pd(II) centers respectively in good yields. The different isomers of these trinuclear complexes have been clearly identified by 31P NMR spectroscopy.

Ubergangsmetall-Chemie von Hydraziden der Hauptgruppen-Elemente. 17 Triphosphan aus Phosphanylhydrazid als Baustein fur Heterotrimetall-Verbindungen. Synthese und Koordinationschemie von (Me2P)2NN(Me)(PMe2)

Das neue Triphosphan (Me2P)2NN(Me)(PMe2) (1) ist in reiner Form durch Reaktion von Methylhydrazin mit Dimethylchlorphosphan in Gegenwart von Triethylamin dargestellt worden. Dieses Triphosphan stellt eine Brucke zwischen dem Phosphinoamin (>PN(R)P PN(R)N(R)P<) dar. Die Reaktion von 1 mit cis-[W(CO)4(NHC5H10)2] erfolgt uber zwei Koordinationswege zu viergliedrigen MPNP und funfgliedrigen MPNNP Metallazyklen. Der Wolframkomplex cis-[W(CO)4{(Me2P)2NN(Me)(PMe2)}] (2) hat eine unkoordinierte Phosphangruppe uber die Organomultimetall-Verbindungen erhalten werden konnen. Zum Beispiel ergibt die Reaktion von 2 mit PdCl2(PhCN)2 und PtCl2(COD) die trimetallischen Komplexe mit W0PtII- und W0PdII-Zentren in relativ guten Ausbeuten. Die verschiedenen Isomeren dieser dreikernigen Komplexe wurden durch 31P-NMR-Spektroskopie identifiziert.


The world-wide significance of Hamlet is evident that Shakespeare is regarded as a classic indispensable to the repertoire in the theatre of Korea. In fact, Hamlet is the most frequently produced play in Korea during the last two decades. Some productions recorded great box-office success localizing the play with 'tradapted' versions in various ways. Among them, four most controversial productions during 1990's are selected to be analyzed in which Lee Yun-taek's Hamlet (1996) and The Trouble-maker, Yonsan (1995), Lim Jae-chan's Invitation. 1997 Spring, and Kim Ah-rah's Hamlet 1999 were included. Lee's The Trouble-maker, Yonsan is a certain kind of 'tradapted' production in which the Brechtian and the Artaudian theories as well as the ritual and the expressionism fused with Korean traditional elements were found during the play. Lee put a tyrant, Yonsan from Chosun dynasty into the position paralleled with Hamlet in terms of the theme of revenge. As in Hamlet, a ghost enters in the opening scene dancing a slow movement, a shamanic rite, Gut is performed under the direction of Yonsan as the play-within-the-play in Hamlet, and at the end, Yonsan kills all major characters who are connected with the death of his mother. Compare this to Kurosawa Akira's Ran, it would be considered as one of the qualified tradaptation of the localized Hamlet. Lee's Halmet is an another example of the tradaption, which make a great box-office success in front of the local audience as well as of the global audience in Russia. In this production, Lee keeping the authenticity of the source text tried to create an intercultural performance mixing some Western elements with their Korean counterparts: rearranged the sequence of scenes and non-verbal elements; used Korean mask dance, percussion quartet, Young-nam Deotboigy dance, the local mise-en-scene composed of the inside of Cheon-ma-chong, Budhist monk garment, and mixed the sound and music of the Korean instruments with piano and violin. This production would be a good attempt to expand our contemporaries through deconstructing Christian tradition with Korean shamanism. Lee's intercultural production would begin to interchange between the East and the West expanding Shakespeare's authenticity for all global/local audience. Lim Jae-chan's Invitation. 1997, Spring transformed the blood-shedding revenge tragedy into a trial play. It is Fortinbras who is a judge in this trial. The scenes of the source text were rearranged according to the process of the trial, and just sitting their seats in the auditorium, the audience spontaneously took a part in that trial as the jury. This trial format, of course, reflects the contemporary socio-political milieu of the Korea. Kim Ah-rah's Hamlet, 1999, on the other hand, shows another way of tradaptation. Using the confucian ideology of 'hyo'(filial duty) and 'choong'(loyalty) instead of Christian counter part, Kim transformed melancholy Hamlet in meditation to unrestrained popular one of an elaborate action. Shakespeare often serves as a touchstone to test not only the potentiality of local culture in their integration with the global, but also the localizability of the global. The outstanding and somewhat puzzling innovations of the selected productions in this essay would be awkward to the Western audience because of their local settings or names, metatheatrical frames and tradaptation. However, as Bharucha argues, "It is only by accepting that the translation process is constantly being interrupted, reversed, and questioned from multiple angles, not just between theatre cultures but within the intercultural differences of these cultures, that we can begin to embrace the joyous difficulties of working on Shakespeare in 'foreign' contexts" (278).


The assessment of sleep disorders in children is comprehensive and requires a precise knowledge of the diagnostic criteria. Detailed knowledge of the medical history is essential. To gain this information, free structured interviews may be used. In addition to the required medical examination, polysomnographic investigation is needed if an organic sleep disorder is suspected. The diagnosis of non-organic sleep disorders does not request such an investiagation; however, it may be supported by actigraphy. Instead, it is important to use sleep diaries and standardized questionnaires to get a full picture of the symptoms. Here, the ratings of parents and children should always be considered.


Cite as: Albareda J, de Meo S, Merinero MD, Alemany I, Robles P. Primary carcinoid tumour of the ovary presenting with carcinoid heart disease. Rev Peru Ginecol Obstet. 2020;66(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31403/ rpgo.v66i2295 ABSTRACT Primary ovarian carcinoid tumor is a rare neoplasm characterized by the production of vasoactive substances that enter the bloodstream and give rise to the so-called carcinoid syndrome. These substances may also cause fibrotic plaques in the heart valves, mainly those in the right cardiac chambers. We describe the case of a primary ovarian carcinoid tumor with tricuspid valve involvement in which the diagnosis was prompted by identification of cardiac involvement. Knowledge of the clinical manifestations of neuroendocrine tumors is important in diagnosis and patient management. Recognition of typical clinical features may help suggest the correct diagnosis. Multidisciplinary discussion allows the formulation of a comprehensive management strategy involving endocrinologists, cardiologists, oncologists, pathologists, anaesthesiologists, gynaecologists and heart surgeons.


The communication method includes receiving a data packet; Processing the data packet; And first when it has finished processing the data packets within the defined interval has not approximately the first transmission, or first completed the processing of data packets in the defined interval the ack packet at the end of a defined time interval, the second if it completed within a defined interval, and roughly comprises transmitting the ack packet at the end of a second defined time interval. Other communication method includes transmitting the data packet; The step of scanning the channels for the ack packet approximately at the end of a first defined time interval from the transmission of the data packet; And the ack packet to the first comprising the step of scanning the channels for the ack packet approximately at the end of a second defined time interval from the transmission of the data packet if it is not received within a defined interval.


In addition to photoreceptors,a small percentage of retinal ganglion cells synthesize a novel opsin: melanopsin,therefore are intrinsically photosensitive and are termed intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells(ipRGCs).Axons of ipRGCs mainly project to the superachiasmatic nucleus(SCN),the intergeniculate leaflet(IGL) and the olivary pretectal nucleus(OPN),mediate non-image-forming vision,such as circadian rhythm entrainment and generating pupillary responses.ipRGCs can be classified into multiple subtypes based on dendritic morphology and level of stratification.Some ipRGCs also project to the lateral geniculate nucleus(LGN),and may involve in regulating image-forming vision.In this article,we review the progress in the past decade since the discovery of ipRGCs.


519Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are active in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma which progressed to platinum-based chemotherapy. Recent data suggest that exposure to ICI...


The squirrel-cage-type induction generator is suitable for small water power stations and wind power stations because of its simple and rugged structure, and low construction cost. However, the transient rush current flows into the primary and secondary windings when an induction generator is connected abruptly to a utility power network. The inrush current causes the voltage fluctuation in the power system. Therefore, electric power companies need a control method with low cost of the inrush current of the induction generator.

Many properties of the inrush current must be known in detail. The factors affecting inrush currents are system voltages, control of the system voltage phase angle, rotary speed, residual magnetism of the core, and residual electric charge of the primary windings. In this paper, the inrush current is analyzed by the instantaneous value symmetrical coordinates. The experimental study of the inrush current using phase control equipment and a small induction generator is presented.

The conclusions of this investigation are summarized as follows:

(1) The factor that gives the strong influence on the inrush current is the voltage phase angle.

(2) Although rotary speed changes from 0.9 to 1.15 times as much as the synchronous speed, the maximum value of the inrush current is nearly constant.

(3) The maximum amplitude of the inrush current is definitely seen in the first or second wave.


Basic principles,matrices selection and sample preparation for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were summarized for the analysis of polymers.The cationization agents effect and mass discrimination were also analyzed briefly.Besides,the application of MALDI technique on the determination of molecular weight distribution,end group information,copolymer composition and mechanism of polymerization and degradation were reviewed.


The detection of Hardware Trojan (HT) in large systems like chip multiprocessors (CMPs) turns out to be extremely difficult. The HT in CMPs degrades integrity and confidentiality of secret data. This work explores the effect of trojan attack on write data in memory access stage of the instruction pipeline of CMPs. The implanted trojan forces a data path to stuck to a faulty logical value, resulting violation of data integrity. The effect of plantation of trojan in the original design, on various architectural parameters is then examined. It reveals that the detection of such HT in CMPs instruction pipeline is unattainable.


The main objective of this piece of research is to understand the importance of career guidance for young people who return to compulsory secondary education through the Centers for Adult Education. Career guidance should be seen as an indispensable tool that must be present in students' most critical moments and whose main aims should be to focus on students' training needs, educational and professional level. Career guidance should also take into account the interests, abilities and needs of each moment and the current situation of the labor market in which young people, unlike in previous decades, are prone to have short-term jobs.The research methodology was developed through an exploratory factor analysis, performed according to the method of the main components, analyzing a total sample of 878 students enrolled in the four years of Compulsory Secondary Education at the Centers of Adult Education in Ciudad Real. Data were collected through the completion of a questionnaire designed for this purpose and research results indicate that 84% of students surveyed believe that guidance throughout life needs to be informed and motivated at all times, and 75.6% believe that career guidance is an instrument that helps the employability of young people. Both those students who have gone to a professional counselor and those who have not, confirm the importance of guidance: 57.4% admit that they would not have dropped out had they received adequate vocational guidance and 61.6% confirm that when they finish Secondary Education they will visit a professional counselor to ask for help in finding employment and 74.7% of students will do the same in order to obtain information about formal and informal education possibilities.


The hydration resistance of gehlenite-forsterite refractory material has been studied. The results show that the sample hydrated for 72h have no obvious cracks or deformation and gets a maximum weight increasing ratio of 0.073%. It suggests that it has excellent hydration resistance property. Before being hydrated, the main phases are C2AS and M2S; after being hydrated for 72h, the main phases is not changed, while the diffraction peaks slightly shift to left. With the increase of the hydration time, surface morphology change greatly. During the course of hydration, firstly, the surface attachments are sheded from the surface, the matrix is exposed; secondly, the stick big grains are generated; thirdly, the mesh grains are formed; finally, hydration products fell off or dissolved, and a new course starts.


Ultrasound is a simple and non-invasive method with no negative effects on the patients health. It is also relatively cheap and enables patients to repeat the examination. It allows quick access into salivary gland morphology. This method is based on the transmission of energy into glandular tissue.The energy is then reflected from the tissue and subsequently received and recorded in order to be interpreted.


Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) are becoming increasingly ubiquitous. Research has shown that AR/MR will be a $100 industry by 2020 [7] and companies are chasing this market by making their own solution to AR/MR. Some solutions, such as Apple's ARKit [18] and Google's ARCore [19], use smartphones to create an AR/MR experience through the smartphone camera and display. However, these experiences are not fully immersive since users must hold up their smartphone in front of them. Microsoft's HoloLense [17] and Magic Leap's Magic Leap One [16] Head Mounted Display (HMD) AR/MR devices enable a much more immersive AR/MR experience since users do not have to hold a device in front of them and objects (i.e. "holograms") are project right in front of them to augment their field of view. Although these devices are limited in their current field of view, their immersiveness is promising for the future of AR/MR. Although current immersive AR/MR technologies are focused on the use of proprietary devices, HoloKit [20] enables immersive AR/MR experiences with the use of a smartphone and simple cardboard mounting device (similar to Google Cardboard [21] which is for Virtual Reality experiences). In addition, researchers have suggested that AR car windshields may be a good use case for AR/MR technologies [23] through applications such as left-turn driving aids [24]. While the increasing proliferation of AR/MR devices will undoubtedly enable many new applications, issues of privacy and security cannot be ignored. Much of the previous work on AR/MR privacy has focused on the inputs to AR/MR devices (i.e. input security) [14,15]. Noting this gap in AR/MR security research, Lebek et al. suggested in a position paper that there should also be a focus on output security to secure the output of AR/MR devices [4]. Visual AR/MR output security is concerned with two issues pertaining to the user's visual field: • Regulating visual content displayed to the user to reduce distraction and obstruction of the real-world context. • Preventing holograms from obscuring other holograms with a higher priority. To understand why these two issues are a concern for AR/MR security, take the case of an AR windshield in a car. Suppose the AR display in the car had a hologram to display the current speed and a hologram with the name of the song which is currently playing. It would be dangerous if either of the holograms obstructed an important real-world object such as a stop sign (the first security concern). In addition, it would also be dangerous if the name of the song hologram obstructed the current speed hologram (the second security concern). While one could leave these output security concerns to the application developer, it is much safer to have the OS guarantee the security of AR/MR device outputs. In this vein, previous work has investigated what an OS level AR/MR device output security module may look like by allowing developers to write policies [3]. However, as noted by Surin et al., these hand-coded policies are cumbersome and impractical for real-world use [1]. For example, specifying a policy to move holograms that are obstructing an important real-world object while not moving too far from its original location and not obscuring other important holograms at the same time is a very difficult task. Surin et al. proposed the use of reinforcement learning (RL) to solve this problem to automatically generate policies and demonstrated its effectiveness [1]. Although previous work has demonstrated the importance of output security and demonstrated its feasibility in simulation [1,3], they have not deployed output security policies on a physical AR/MR device to ascertain its viability in the realworld. In particular, whether a RL based output security model can be deployed without degrading performance was left an open question [1]. To fill this gap, this work investigates whether RL models can be deployed on a physical AR/MR device without a noticeable degradation in performance and test the deployment of an output security policy trained using RL. It is important to note that while this work focuses on visual output security, there are concerns that other AR/MR output, such as audio and haptic output, may need to be regulated as well [1,3]. In addition, one may also want to limit distracting and uncomfortable AR/MR output such as blinking holograms much like web browsers have evolved to block popups and the blink tag [3].


The purpose of this study is to classify the membrane proteins from some cutaneous tumours (basal cell epitheliomas, squamous epitheliomas, melanomas) and possibly detect the ones which are characteristic of each type of tumour. The microsomal, mitochondrial and nuclear fractions were purified following the usual techniques. The membrane proteins were solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate, treated with iodoacetamide and chromatographed in SDS-acrylamide slab-gel.


A derivative of Tn917 was constructed, referred to as Tn917-lac, which is capable of generating fusions that connect the transcripts of Bacillus subls chromosomal genes to the coding sequence of the lacZ gene of Escherchia coli. Two independent insertions of Tn917-lac into the glA gene and one insertion into the trpE gene (in the tpEDCFBA operon) of B. subtiis were studied in detail, and the results confirmed that Tn917-1ac-mediated transcriptional fusions produce levels of fi-galactosidase that reflect accurately the regulated expression of interrupted genes. To facilitate these studies, a procedure was developed that permits the analysis of Tn917-lacmediated fusions in partial diploids where insertional mutations are complemented by an intact copy of the interrupted genes. Tn917 is known to function efficiently in bacteria representing three quite different Gram-positive genera (Streptococcus, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus) and is known to display a relatively high degree of randomness in its insertions into bacterial genomes, making it likely that Tn917-lac will be useful for the identification and study of many kinds of regulated genes in a wide range of Gram-positive species. Most genes encode products for which no easy assay exists. For this reason, transcriptional gene fusions that join the promoters of genes of interest to the Escherichia coli lactose operon have long been recognized as important tools for facilitating studies of gene regulation (1). In E. coli and in related species where coliphage Mu can transpose, Mud(lac,Apr) elements (2) and various plasmid-borne mini-Mu derivatives (3) have provided a very easy way to construct lac fusions in vivo, at any site where Mu can insert. This makes it possible to isolate a fusion as an automatic consequence of recovering an insertional mutation. More recently, the construction of TnS and TnJO derivatives that can mediate operon fusions has further extended the range of Gramnegative species in which such techniques may conveniently be applied and has underscored the fact that virtually any transposable element can, in principle, be engineered to generate insertion-mediated transcriptional gene fusions (4-6). In the present work, we describe the construction and use ofTn917-lac, a transposon derivative ofGram-positive origin (7) that can mediate fusions of Bacillus subtilis chromosomal transcription units to a promoterless, transposon-borne copy of the E. coli lacZ gene. The ability of such gene fusions to provide an accurate measure of regulated gene activity was assessed through the detailed analysis ofTn917-lac insertions into the gltA and trpE genes of B. subtilis, two genes whose regulation at the level of transcription had already been characterized in other laboratories (ref. 8; D. J. Henner, personal communication). Results obtained with Tn917-lacmediated transcriptional fusions were in excellent agreement with RNA dot-blot determinations ofmessage levels and with measurements based on the expression of transcriptional and translational gene fusions to lacZ constructed in vitro. Other applications of Tn917-lac were discussed in two recent reviews (9, 10). MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial Strains. B. subtilis hosts for plasmid constructions were PY79 (11) or BD170 (12). E. coli hosts for cloning B. subtilis DNA from the region of Tn917 insertions were JM83 (13) or MM294 (14). Culture Media and Genetic Techniques. Unless otherwise specified, both E. coli and B. subtilis bacteria were cultured on Luria-Bertani (LB) medium (15), and selections for drug-resistances were carried out as described (11, 16, 17). Construction of Tn917-kac. The construction ofpTV8 (Fig. 1) was described previously (11). The promoterless lacZ coding sequence contained in pZA326 (Fig. 1) was obtained by P. Zuber (personal communication) from a spoVG/lacZ translational gene fusion as the result of a BAL-31-generated deletion (similar to ones described in ref. 18), which inactivated spoVG-associated promoters, but which left intact the spoVG ribosome-binding site. HindIII-Bal I fragments of pZA326 DNA were treated with DNA polymerase Klenow fragment (19, 20) and then were ligated in the presence of an equivalent amount of Sma I-cut pTV8 DNA at a total concentration of 130 pug/ml, to produce mainly linear concatemeric ligation products. This ligation mixture was used to transform competent B. subtilis bacteria containing plasmid pTV9 (11), and MLSr (macrolide-, lincosamide-, and streptogramin B-antibiotic resistant) transformants were selected in the presence of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl 8-Dgalactoside (X-Gal) (200 pug/ml). Isolation of Tn917-lac-Generated Gltand TrpAuxotrophs. Independent batches of Tn917-lac insertions were produced on a small scale by diluting 0.5-ml samples from 330C cultures of pTV32-containing bacteria (grown in LB to a turbidity of 50-70 Klett units) into 50 ml of 46W-480C LB medium containing selective levels oferythromycin (Em) and lincomycin (Lm) (16). After overnight incubation, dilutions of the 50-ml cultures were plated on LB agar under selection for Emr and Lmr to produce single colonies. Colonies were tested for GlV auxotrophy on Tris-buffered Spizizen salts minimal medium (TSS) (16) with or without 0.2% sodium glutamate and were screened for lac expression on LB plates containing X-Gal at 40 ug/ml. Abbreviations: bp, base pair(s); MLS, macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B antibiotics; Cm, chloramphenicol; Ap, ampicillin; Em, erythromycin; Lm, lincomycin; 'X-Gal, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3indolyl /3-D-galactoside; ONPG, o-nitrophenyl j3-D-galactoside. *Present address: BioTechnica International, Inc., 85 Bolton Street, Cambridge, MA 02140. tPresent address: Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104. 140 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83 (1986) 141 Construction of Glt+ Partial Diploids. Competent cultures of bacteria containing gltA::Tn917-lacfk9 or gltA::Tn917lacQl4 were transformed with Xba I-digested pTV21A2 (17) DNA at 0.1 gg/ml, and chloramphenicol-resistant (CmD transformants were selected on LB plates containing Cm at 5 ,pg/ml. Samples of chromosomal DNA (0.5-1.0 jig) from Cmr, Ems, Lm5 transformants were digested with HindIII, and digestion products were circularized by ligation at dilute DNA concentration (total volume 100 gl per digest for ligation). Ligated samples were concentrated by precipitation with ethanol and used to transform CaCl2-treated E. coli bacteria (MM294); ampicillin-resistant (ApD transformants were selected on LB plates containing Ap at 20 ,ug/ml. Plasmid DNA was isolated from transformants and used to transform Glt' B. subtilis recipient BR151 (21) to Cmr. Construction ofTrp+ Partial Diploids. B. subtilis bacteria that contained pTV21A2 sequences integrated within the Tn917 portion of trpE::Tn917-lacf11 insertions were obtained as described above, but plasmid clones in E. coli were generated from EcoRI digests. Before partial diploids could be generated, it was necessary to restore a chloroamphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat). This was accomplished by digesting plasmid clones with EcoRI and ligating in the presence of EcoRIdigested pMI1101AP (11). Partial diploids were then generated by transforming a Trp+ B. subtilis strain (PY79) or a Trp+ mtr-264 (22) mutant (Bacillus Genetic Stock Center strain 1A72) to Cmr with cat-containing plasmid clones. Analysis of Partial Diploids. Glt+ partial diploids were grown in TSS minimal medium containing either 0.2% NH4Cl or 0.2% sodium glutamate as sole sources of nitrogen [in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl, which facilitates glutamate uptake (8)], and samples were removed for o-nitrophenyl fDgalactoside (ONPG) assays (23) at mid-exponential-phase. Trp+ partial diploids were grown in TSS medium in the presence or absence of tryptophan (25 ,ug/ml), and samples were removed for ONPG assays at mid-exponential-phase. RESULTS Construction of Tn917-lac. In previous work (11), a region near the erm-proximal end of Tn917 was identified where foreign DNA could be inserted without affecting transposition. A cloning site was constructed in this region, consisting of a BamHI recognition site flanked within a few base pairs on either side by Sma I sites (as in pTV8, Fig. 1). Making use of the Sma I sites in pTV8, a 3.1-kilobase-pair blunt-ended restriction fragment carrying a promoterless copy of the E. coli lacZ gene was inserted by ligation into Tn917 in both possible orientations (Fig. 1). In addition to having no promoter, the lacZ gene used in these constructions had been substituted with a ribosome-binding site known to initiate translation efficiently in B. subtilis (Fig. 2). Although no promoter reading toward the cloning site from either direction was known to be present in pTV8, it was hoped that bacteria harboring plasmids that carried the lacZ-containing fragment in either orientation might be identified as producing a faint blue reaction after prolonged incubation on agar that contained a very high concentration of X-Gal (200 ,ug/ml), reflecting low levels of nonspecific transcription through the lacZ coding sequence. Indeed, after 48 hr, =1% (6/640) of the transformant colonies were distinctly blue, and these included two kinds in equal numbers: some very light blue and some moderately dark blue. Plasmid DNA was prepared from several light and moderately dark blue transformants and analyzed in a series of restriction digests (data not shown). Light-blue transformants were found to contain plasmids with the structure of pTV31 (Fig. 1), in which the 5' end of the lacZ gene is oriented toward the interior of the transposon. Because these transformants required a very high concentration of X-Gal and at least 48 hr of incubation o


The most relevant question for individual companies when deciding whether and how to engage in the realm of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the impact those actions will have on its current and future bottom-line. However, through the cumulative sum of all firms' actions, CSR is bound to produce eects at the overall economic level. In this paper we explore the role of CSR in growth models, a relatively neglected angle of analysis at the intersection of the management and economics literatures. We do this by highlighting the connections between CSR undertaken by firms and social capital accumulation performed at the workers' level. We look at individual firm's decisions in a decentralized model, in a context where workers make the choices that determine social capital accumulation. As social capital is expected to increase productivity but is not traded in markets, it may be in the interest of the firms to subsidize social capital accumulation activities, incurring into additional costs (translated in CSR activities) that are recouped through productivity gains.


Establishing an effective link between corporate strategy and employee performance has traditionally been seen as a function of organizational structure and internal marketing-that is, of getting the right compensation systems in place to reward the desired behavior, and relentlessly communicating the strategy to all employees. But, according to the four organizational behavior experts who were interviewed for this article, there's more to it than that. Also important is a market- and customer-oriented corporate culture, which can be a highly effective tool for companies seeking to improve performance and increase value. Copyright Copyright (c) 2009 Morgan Stanley.


Achondroplasia is a disorder of child bone growth due to gene mutation of growth factor receptor. Short stature is a major problem. Efforts to increase height are still a challenge. The method performed so far is the lengthening of the limbs with various complications and risks of re-surgery. A promising new alternative without surgery is the administration of growth hormone therapy. This review aims to find out the safety and effectiveness of hormone therapy. The review method used is a narrative review. The review results showed that growth hormone therapy is safe and effective. The review concludes that growth hormone therapy has been proven to be safe and effective in increasing the height of achondroplasia patients.


months my daughter displayed an extreme allergic reaction to peanuts and family life changed forever; she suffered anaphylactic shock. Although anaphylaxis induced by peanuts does not depend upon the quality of the indoor air, there are similarities between my daughter's condition and asthma, an allergic reaction to airborne material, which represents one of the most serious -health problems in the indoor and built environment.


This paper is based upon use of PLCs(Programmable Logic Controllers)and SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)for the purpose of automatic material handling inside the warehouse and the logistics industries . Involvement of manpower has various disadvantages and so automating the process will curb all the demerits The implementation of this system would reduce the work done by humans to about 90% and thereby resulting in the increase in work/process speed.


The clinical management of urinary tract infection has changed considerably over the last two decades due to the recognition of several important factors:


After a painful experience, that lasted more than 50 years under the communist regime, Romania rejoined, in December 1989, the family of democratic countries to which it used to belong before World War II. However, in the late 20th century, democracy is no longer the same as the one dating back to the first half of the last century: it is nowadays focused on the effective promotion and safeguard of human rights against possible abusive actions originating from the legislature or the executive. Hence, the reintroduction and reception of certain constitutional institutions or mechanisms have been achieved in Romania under the sign of this new reality from the end of the second millennium, overlapped with the communist experience, when no proper protection of the fundamental rights existed. An effective promotion and safeguard of human rights against abusive actions originating from the legislature or the executive can be achieved also through the implementation of the Ombudsman institution, a pillar which are essential in asserting the rule of law, and which have experienced a remarkable evolution since the fall of communism. The Romanian Ombudsman is not a jurisdictional institution, but an autonomous public authority, independent of any other public authority, which actions are based on conciliation.


A series of Copper(I) complexes with thiones of the general formula [CuaLbScXd](H2O)e and [CuaLbSc]Xd.(H2O)e (where a = 1 - 6, b = 1 - 6, c = 0 - 6, d = 0 - 6, e = 0 - 1 and X = Cl, Br & I) were prepared and characterized by elemental, IR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopic methods. Crystal structures of nine complexes, [Cu(Metu)4]Cl 1, [Cu4(Dmtu)4(S)(μ-S)Cl]Cl.(H2O) 2, [Cu(DeTu)Cl]3 3, [Cu(Metu)4]Br 4, [Cu(Dphtu)2Br]H2O 5, ([Cu(Metu)]I)6 6, [Cu(Mtu)4]I 7, [Cu(Detu)3I] 8 and [Cu(Dbtu)3I]0.6(H2O) 9 were determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction.An upfield shift in the >C=S resonance of thiones in 13C-NMR and downfield shift in the N-H resonance in 1H-NMR were consistent with the sulfur coordination of thiones to Copper(I). The crystal structures of 1, 4, 7, 8 and 9 show that they are monomeric having tetrahedral or distorted tetrahedral geometries at Copper(I) center. The crystal structure of 2 showed that it consists of a tetrameric cationic complex having terminal as well as doubly bridged Dmtu and S ligands.The complex has two kinds of coordination environments around four Copper atoms, a distorted tetrahedral and a trigonal planer.[Cu(Detu)Cl]3 is a trinuclear complex consisting of Cu3S3 six-membered ring possessing chair conformation.The geometry around each Cu center was nearly trigonal planar.In 5, the Cu(I) atom adopts a slightly distorted trigonal planar coordination.The X-ray studies of 6 showed that the complex was hexanuclear consisting of [Metu-Cu-I] units.The geometry around each Cu center was distorted tetrahedral.In all these complexes intra or/and intermolecular hydrogen bonding is present in 2-D or 3-D network.The antimicrobial activities of Copper(I) bromide complexes were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and they showed wide range of activity against the test isolates.


"I don't see much sense in that," said Rabbit. "No," said Pooh humbly, "there isn't. But there was going to be when I began it. It's just that something happened to it along the way."—A. A. Milne, Winnie-the-Pooh , 1926

In the beginning, there were triple sugar iron (TSI) slants.


IN RECENT times there has been considerable national and international focus on the sustainability and productivity of the world's sugarcane growing industries. Concerns have been raised about exploitive management practices with critics suggesting that the world's sugarcane production systems are focussed almost solely on productivity. In particular, criticism of the environmental sustainability issues has received substantial publicity. In this paper, we analyse the research, development and adoption of improved sugarcane production systems worldwide and opportunities for further improvement. Key benefits of adoption are identified and supported by case studies. Further, we argue that sustainability will not be achieved without profitability and will only be achieved in a socially equitable environment. Within this broad context of sustainability (profitability, environmental sustainability and social equity), we believe that worldwide sugarcane production systems can be implemented that are no more exploitive than any other agricultural production systems. In this review we propose a framework of seven key topics that can be used to guide the identification and application of better management practices in sugarcane fields. These topics include soil management, crop management, water management, pest and disease management, workplace health and safety, recognition of heritage and conservation principles and business management. We believe this framework has international relevance, but the importance of risk, opportunities and response mechanisms will vary between industries and regions. Introduction Sugarcane industries around the world are facing multiple challenges to their sustainability. They face declining margins between returns and cost of production, as there is a long-term downward trend in the inflation adjusted price for sugar (FAO, 2006). Therefore there is a common international interest in improving production efficiency by either yield improvement, cost reduction or ideally a combination of both options. Some industries have identified a plateau or decline in cane and sucrose yield (Garside et al., 1997; Meyer and Van Antwerpen, 2001). Sugarcane is also a high biomass crop that requires application of significant water and nutrient resources for optimum yield. Competition for these resources and their potential for negative offsite impacts has led to increasing scrutiny from regulatory agencies [Everglades for ever Act (Anon, 1994); Reef Water Protection Plan (DEH, 2006)], from community and consumer groups of the environmental sustainability of current sugarcane production systems [Acid sulfate soils (Beattie et


The connectivity and measure theoretic properties of the skeleta of convex bodies in Euclidean space are discussed, together with some long standing problems and recent results. In this note, I wish to highlight some unsolved problems relating to the skeleta of convex bodies. Much of the important work in this area was done in the 1960's and early 1970's in response to the interest in polytopes arising from problems in linear programming. So, many of these unsolved problems are approaching their fortieth birthdays. For a d-polytope P , the k-skeleton (write skelk P ) of P is the union of all faces of P of dimension at most k. However, for a d-dimensional convex body C, we have two possible definitions for the k-skeleton of C. First recall that an exposed face F of C is a subset F of C such that there exists a supporting hyperplane H to C with H ∩ C = F . Then, the exposed k-skeleton of C is the union of all exposed faces of C of dimension at most k. This is not an easy concept to work with. For example, an exposed face of an exposed face of C is not necessarily an exposed face of C. The extreme k-skeleton of C is the set of those points of C which are not the centre of some k + 1-dimensional ball lying entirely in C. The extreme k-skeleton, which we will call the k-skeleton skelk C of C, contains the exposed k-skeleton of C. How should we measure skelk C? We can, of course, use the k-dimensional Hausdorff measure H(skelk C). Another measure, introduced by Eggleston, Grünbaum and Klee [2], is η(C) = lim inf P→C H(skelk P ), P a d-polytope. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 52A20, 52A99, 28A99, 05C99.


Background and aims: Chemotherapy, as a regular treatment for non-resectable and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), its efficiency is largely limited by the high incidence of chemo-resistance. In the past several years, extensive evidence has demonstrated that tumor cells are exposed to diverse levels of hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) in vivo and this hypoxic stress acts as one of the major forces inducing chemo-resistance in tumors. Additionally, some recent studies reported that improving tumor oxygenation could enhance the therapeutic efficacy, thereby serving as a novel strategy for cancer management. In this study we aimed to examine whether a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier could increase tumor oxygenation and thus enhance the efficiency of TACE in a rat orthotopic HCC model. Materials and methods: An orthotopic HCC model was established and TACE performed as reported previously. Real-time partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) inside tumor tissue was monitored with OxyLab pO2TM. Efficacy of O2 carrier in delivering O2 to tumor was tested by comparing pO2 measurements before or after systemic delivery of the carrier. Sensitization of chemotherapy (cisplatin) in TACE by O2 carrier was examined with 4 different therapeutic regimens, which included cisplatin (1mg/kg) + O2 carrier (0.2g/kg), cisplatin (1mg/kg) + O2 carrier (0.4g/kg), cisplatin (3mg/kg) + O2 carrier (0.2g /kg), cisplatin (3mg /kg) + O2 carrier (0.4g/kg). In each regimen, a separate group of rats receiving mock buffer instead of O2 carrier was set as control. For all the therapeutic regimens, single administration of O2 carrier or mock buffer via tail vein was performed 1 hr before TACE. Tumor response was evaluated at macroscopic and microscopic levels at day 21 after therapy. Results: Both significant augmentation in pO2 readings inside tumor tissues and a right-shift of pO2 frequency distribution were observed after O2 carrier administration (0.4g/kg). Tumor growth was most strikingly inhibited in rats treated with regimen combining 3mg/kg of cisplatin and 0.4g/kg of O2 carrier. Alteration of average estimated tumor volume in this regimen was 570 mm3 (pre-trx) vs 410 mm3 (post-trx) in O2 carrier -treated rats in contrast to 620 mm3 (pre-trx) vs 1980 mm3 (post-trx) in comparable control rats (p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3936. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3936


Big data can be defined as data that has a high volume with a large variety of content and is produced at a high velocity. However, there is currently no consensus as to the exact definition of big data, although in addition to volume, variety, and velocity there is often emphasis on veracity (i.e. the correctness of the data is not known at the outset), as well as the need to use sophisticated software and methods to leverage such data meaningfully. In healthcare and specifically in pharmacovigilance and pharmacoepidemiology, the most widely used and established data sources are considered to be 'big data' although they may not always meet the above criteria because they are generated at lower speeds; have a comparatively lower volume than big data in the field of finance, telephony, and social media; and tend to be structured, that is, having a lower variety. Such data take the formof spontaneous reporting databases, electronic medical records (EMRs) and healthcare claims databases, and have been in use for several decades. In recent years, emerging sources of big data that are generated in large volumes and at high speeds, containing a large variety of unstructured content have been also been used in healthcare research. Examples include posts in social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, posts in online patient forums or social healthcare networks as well as patient-derived data collected through wearable devices such as smartphone apps, and biomedical and fitness devices. The importance of big data applied to pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacovigilance is highlighted by the creation of the Heads of Medicines Agencies (HMA) – EMA Joint Big Data Task Force, which aims to ensure that European regulatory bodies are able to assess evidence generated by big data. Bigdata in healthcare canprovide insightful information for signal management, starting from signal detection, i.e. the identification of a novel adverse drug reaction (ADR), to signal strengthening and validation, i.e. the prioritization and confirmation of a previously identified signal [1]. The present editorial will describe which sources of big data have been used for the management of drug safety signals, outlining their potential and pitfalls.


The application of W-2 Raney Ni in the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroarylsulfonic acid to prepare aminoarylsulfonic acid was described.Based on the experiments of the catalytic hydrogenation of m-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid,the results showed that,on the condition of reaction temperature of 80~100℃,pressure of 1MPa and reaction time of 3 hours,the content of m-aminoarylsulfonic acid achieved 99%,and the yield was up to 99% .The catalyst could be continuously reused for 20 times.


The relaxation time under zero field reflects the memory retention capabilities of single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) when used as storage devices. Intermolecular magnetic dipole interaction is ubiquitous in aggregates of magnetic molecules and can greatly influence relaxation times. However, such interaction is often considered harmful and challenging to manipulate in molecular solids, especially for high‐performance lanthanide single‐ion magnets (SIMs). By an elaborately designed combination of ion pairing and hydrogen bonding, we have synthesized two pseudo‐D5h SIMs with supramolecular arrangements of magnetic dipoles in staggered and side‐by‐side patterns, the latter of which exhibits a 104‐fold slower zero‐field relaxation time at 2 K. Intriguingly, the side‐by‐side complex exhibits a significantly accelerated magnetic relaxation upon diamagnetic dilution, contrary to the general trend observed in the staggered complex. This strongly reveals the presence of aggregation‐induced suppression of quantum tunneling in a side‐by‐side arrangement, which has not been observed in mononuclear SMMs. By leveraging ion‐pairing aggregation and converting to a side‐by‐side pattern, this study successfully demonstrates an approach to transform a harmful intermolecular dipole interaction into a beneficial one, achieving a τQTM of 980 s ranking among the best‐performance SMMs.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Daprodustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that stimulates erythropoiesis and regulates genes related to iron metabolism. The efficacy (noninferiority) and safety of daprodustat compared with standard therapy (darbepoetin alfa) was evaluated.

DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
This was a randomized, phase 3, double-blind, active-control study in Japanese patients receiving hemodialysis with anemia of CKD. Participants' treatment was switched from current erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to daprodustat 4 mg once daily or darbepoetin alfa 10-60 μg once weekly (on the basis of the prestudy ESA dose). Dose was adjusted every 4 weeks for daprodustat or every 2 weeks for darbepoetin alfa, according to a protocol-specified algorithm. The primary end point was mean hemoglobin during weeks 40-52 in the intent-to-treat population.

RESULTS
Of 332 participants screened, 271 participants were randomized (safety evaluation: 271 participants; efficacy evaluation: 267 intent-to-treat population). The mean hemoglobin during weeks 40-52 were maintained within the target range in both groups (10.9 g/dl [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 10.8 to 11.0] for daprodustat, and 10.8 g/dl [95% CI, 10.7 to 11.0] for darbepoetin alfa). Daprodustat was noninferior to darbepoetin alfa, as the lower bound of the confidence interval for the treatment difference (0.1 g/dl; 95% CI, -0.1 to 0.2 g/dl) was greater than the noninferiority criterion of -1.0 g/dl. For most participants, hemoglobin was maintained within the target range (10.0-12.0 g/dl) during weeks 40-52 (88% daprodustat; 90% darbepoetin alfa). Geometric mean hepcidin levels decreased more at week 52 with daprodustat (-37%; 95% CI, -49 to -23) than with darbepoetin alfa (-20%; 95% CI, -36 to -1), and an increase in total iron-binding capacity was observed in the daprodustat group. Frequency of adverse events were generally similar between daprodustat and darbepoetin alfa.

CONCLUSIONS
Oral daprodustat was noninferior to darbepoetin alfa as measured by mean hemoglobin over weeks 40-52 in Japanese patients receiving hemodialysis switched from ESAs.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER
201754, Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02969655.


Aiming at the problem of black-odor, oxygen deficiency and ammonia-nitrogen pollution of polluted rivers, a new type of ecological floating bed—micro-aerated ecological floating bed was developed, which combined biofilm packing, floating aquatic macrophyte and auxiliary aeration device. The purification efficiency of the polluted river water was studied by the model experiment in the outlet of Daqing River. The results showed when the hydraulic loading was 1500mm/d, the mean removal efficiencies of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and phosphate were 81.1%, 91.3%, 72.7% and 92.5%, respectively. Additionally, the floating bed showed better removal effect on organic matters. The cost of micro-aerated system to treat 1m3 of polluted river water was only 0.007 Yuan. The micro-aerated ecological floating bed ran steadily, had a high efficiency of pollutants removal and low energy consumption. It was suitable for the environment of flowing water, which could be used in polluted river and estuary.


Software Defined Networks (SDN) such as OpenFlow provides better network management for data center by decoupling control plane from data plane. Current OpenFlow controllers install flow rules with a fixed timeout after which the switch automatically removes the rules from its flow table. However, this fixed timeout has shown many disadvantages. For flows with short packet interval, the timeout may be too large so that flow rules stay in the flow table for too long time and result in unnecessary occupation of flow table; for flows with long packet interval or periodic flows, the timeout may be too short, hence producing too many packet-in events and causing overload on the controller. In this paper, we propose the Intelligent Timeout Master, which can assign suitable timeout to different flows according to their characteristics, as well as conduct a feedback control to adjust the max timeout value according to the current flow table occupation, in an effort to avoid flow table overflow. In our experiments, we use real traffic trace and the result confirms that our Intelligent Timeout Master performs quite well in reducing the number of packet-in events as well as flow table occupation.


Series foreword Foreword Shedon H. White Acknowledgments 1. Introduction 2. Building tasks into curriculum units 3. Making goals happen 4. Basic concepts for discussing cognitive change 5. Assessment versus teaching 6. Social mediation goes into cognitive change 7. How the West has won 8. Conclusions for a cognitive science of education References Author index Subject index.


Producing professionals with competence in Yoga tourism in the schools of traveling and tourism to meet the market's need is one of the characteristics of rhythmical gymnastics as super-fined courses.This study,started with the Yoga teaching innovation of rhythmical gymnastics that is titled by Guangxi Autonomous Region as super-fined course and based on the "A study on the Yoga tourism" that was registered in the Education Division of Guangxi,is to analyze and explore an educational mode on how to make students acquire professional skills in Yoga tourism.This study is also to seek methods to carry out the training of the Yoga tourism in the aspects of the teaching innovation.


Objective. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different coloring procedures on the aging behavior of dental monolithic zirconia. Methods. Two types of translucent zirconia (SuperfectZir HTS, Aidite; Katana HT, Kuraray) were tested. Bar-shaped specimens with dimensions of 22 × 4 × 2 mm were prepared from uncolored and precolored blocks. Before being sintered, specimens made from uncolored blocks were colored by dipping them into a coloring liquid, whereas the precolored specimens were not treated. The specimens were then divided into 4 subgroups (n = 13) according to the aging conditions (no aging, 134°C/0.2 MPa for 5 h, 134°C/0.2 MPa for 10 h, and 134°C/0.2 MPa for 20 h). The flexural strength of the specimens was tested with the 4-point flexure. The crystalline phase composition of the specimens was analyzed by XRD. The subsurface microstructure of the fractured specimens was examined by using a SEM. The data were statistically analyzed using 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results. Significant differences were found in the flexural strength between the two zirconia materials tested (P<0.001). Aging and coloring procedures showed no significant effect on the flexural strength of the zirconia. Aging and coloring procedures significantly affected the t→m transformation of the zirconia. The monoclinic phase increased with the aging time. After aging, the precolored specimens showed a significantly higher t→m transformation than the specimens that were dipped in the coloring liquids. After aging for 20 h, the depth of the transformed zone with an irregular surface was approximately 6 µm for SuperfectZir HTS, whereas no detectable transformation zone was observed for Katana HT. Conclusion. Aging and coloring procedures had no significant effects on the flexural strength of the zirconia tested. The coloring procedure had a significant effect on the phase transformation of the zirconia subjected to hydrothermal aging.


Abstract Several techniques are explored for discriminating salt fingering from turbulence-induced microstructure in towed array measurements of temperature and conductivity. Such separation of source mechanisms for ocean mixing is critical before applying models to estimate the vertical diffusivity from microstructure measurements. The density ratio (Rρ); the conductivity gradient spectral slope; the conductivity gradient kurtosis; and the optimal discriminator for a two-parameter (slope and kurtosis) system, the likelihood ratio, are examined. Density ratio can indicate where salt fingering is likely or not possible, but alone it cannot distinguish between turbulence-induced microstructure and salt fingering for Rρ values that permit either. From the "control" microstructure patches previously reported by Mack, it is shown that the probability density functions (PDFs) of slope and kurtosis for salt fingering differ from the corresponding PDFs for turbulence-induced microstructure. The parameters of the ...


Weed damage in tea garden,especially in junior age tea garden was an important biodamage in tea production.Usually,the manual control cost more time and more funds without good effect,and chemical control had good effect but was harmful to field environment.On the other hand,no weed cover in soil could cause erosion.The trial of weed ecological control showed it was a good way to control the weed growth by planting pasture plants like podbearing plant between the rows of tea trees and fully covering the vacancy niche areas.The pasture plants not only provided feed with the increasing gain of more than 15?000$/m2,but also helped to water and soil conservation and environmeat protection.


We investigated the association of uranium with clean and corroded surfaces of 1010 carbon steel. Studying steel contaminated by uranium species will have an important effect on the development of methods used to clean radioactively contaminated metal waste. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy and laboratory‐based Fourier transform infrared analysis of steel surfaces exposed to uranyl nitrate showed the presence of crystallized hydrated uranyl oxides, uranyl hydroxides, iron oxyhydroxides and iron oxides. In general, heavily corroded areas physically shield the uranium species, which tended to associate spatially with hydroxyl groups and lepidocrocite. Lightly corroded areas contained uranium species with stronger axial U–O bonding. Infrared spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy mapping analysis revealed that the uranium species are well distributed within the upper micron of the thick corrosion layer and associated more with areas of high hydroxide content. Parameters such as the concentration of uranyl nitrate solution used to expose the carbon steel coupons, the method of contamination (dipped or sprayed with dilute uranyl nitrate solution) and the degree of corrosion (accelerated corrosion before and/or after contamination) played significant roles in the distribution and nature of the uranyl hydroxide/iron oxyhydroxide corrosion products found on the surface of all coupons. These factors must be considered in the development and optimization of decontamination processes for metal waste. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Keratin wastes are generated in excess of million tons per year worldwide and biodegradation of keratin by microorganisms possessing keratinase activity can be used as an alternative tool to prevent environmental pollution. For practical use of keratinase, its physicochemical properties should be investigated in detail. In this study, we investigated characteristics of keratinase produced by Xanthomonas sp. P5 which is isolated from rhizospheric soil of soybean. The level of keratinase produced by the strain P5 increased with time and reached its maximum (10.6 U/ml) at 3 days. The production of soluble protein had the same tendency as the production of keratinase. Optimal temperature and pH of keratinase were 40℃-45℃ and pH 9, respectively. The enzyme showed broad temperature and pH stabilities. Thermostability profile showed that the enzyme retained 94.6%-100% of the original activity after 1 h treatment at 10℃-40℃. After treatment for 1 h at pH 6-10, 89.2%-100% of the activity was remained. At pH 11, 71.6% of the original activity was retained after 1 h treatment. Although the strain P5 did not degrade human hair, it degraded duck feather and chicken feather. These results indicate that keratinase from Xanthomonas sp. P5 could be not only used to upgrade the nutritional value of feather hydrolysate but also useful in situ biodegradation of feather.


The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) encompasses three major technological trends driving this transformation: Connectivity, Intelligence and Flexible Automation. Predictive maintenance allows the organizations to identify potential problems in the production devices far before the failure occurs. This paper aims at implementing an interdisciplinary approach by studying key performance indicators of the boiler and modelling the data acquired, using machine learning algorithms.The efficiency of the boiler is mapped by analyzing the performance of its various components. It is observed that the performance of the oil heater and feedwater pump affect the efficiency of the boiler significantly. Predictions for the future are made by implementing a polynomial regression model on the Key Performance Indicators of the boiler. The critical point is defined as the point below which the performance of the boiler deteriorates significantly and affects productivity at a large scale.This study determines the number of days in which the oil heater and the water pump would reach their respective critical points. This eventually helps to gain valuable insights into the efficiency of the boiler and predict the consistency of the equipment so as to minimize the losses and make important decisions well ahead in time.


The article deals with the effects of photography on the practices of art historians, focusing on some German cases. Photography, defined by Paul de Saint-Victor in 1887 as the "musée en action de l'art européen," offered unprecedented opportunities for a renewed visual philology. Yet this evolution was more complex and less unidirectional than is generally thought. The illustrated publications of Gustav Scheuer in the 1860s attest to different ways of manipulating photographic images and illuminate the connections between photography and comparative methods, which initially concerned the relationships between original paintings and photographs much more than those among paintings themselves.


The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of general anaesthesia induced by isoflurane with buprenorphine on hippocampus‐dependent and neocortex‐dependent memory, respectively, in mice, and in addition, to compare the effects of such anaesthesia on these memory processes with the effects induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration on the same memory processes.


Alcohol abuse is a major public health issue that has no social economic, ethnic, educational or geographical boundaries. It is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and loss of productivity. (Tamara, et al, 2011). Alcohol use is associated with many public health problems including traffic crashes, violence, sexual assaults, and sexually transmitted disease, (Savola, et al, 2009). Numerous studies have shown that rates of alcohol use, and alcohol related problem increase with increasing alcohol availability Babor, et al, (2010). One venue where alcohol is readily available is community festivals, and annual celebration held in many communities across the United States, Wagenaar, et al, (2011). The aim of the study was to find out the alcohol abuse practices among residents of Busia town in Kenya. The study utilized a cross-sectional study design. It used both qualitative and quantitative methods in data collection where 421 Busia town residents' participated. Simple random, purposive and snowball non probability samplings were used to select participants. Exploratory and thematic content analyses were done. The study findings revealed that the age group that actively abused alcohol ranged from 22 years and above at 48%. The most active was (22-27) and peer pressure and family history of alcoholism being most leading causative factors with 80% of the respondents. Alcoholism poses danger to individuals, families and the community as a whole. Health education was one of the major recommendations the researcher made. This will help the affected people to learn about the dangers of alcoholism and to undertake voluntary changes in their behavior. The health education may be either one to one or in groups or through mass media with an aim of reaching a large target group


This paper deals with the development of a signal processing algorithm for checkweighers to realize a much higher speed of operation and highly accurate measurement of the mass of an object during crossing a conveyor belt. The experimental results on checkweighers suggest that the filtering algorithm of FIR type designed under the consideration on the dynamics of checkweighers is effective enough for practical applications.


This review of research focuses on the impact of race and on learning and development in the U.S. workplace from 1980 to 2005. Specifically, we take a historical perspective on race and ethnicity in the United States; summarize and synthesize research in the areas of career development, training, promotion, performance appraisals, mentoring, and social networking; and make recommendations regarding research questions, theory, and research design.


Operation of a hurricane barrier with a navigation opening requires the cooperation of those situated on floodprone lands behind the barrier and shipping interests who continually travel through the opening to use the docking facilities in the harbor. The closure criteria at New Bedford for coastal storms has undergone several revisions based upon experience gained during actual operations. The latest criteria takes into account not only the predicted tide and surge but also the windspeed and direction. Many operational problems still exist. The most important are the predictions of tidal surges from undetected coastal storms that form rapidly south of the New England coast and also from storms located several hundred miles east of the New England coast. By telemetering the tide data to the Cape Cod Canal office, which is staffed 24 hr a day, it is expected barrier personnel will be alerted in time to operate the New Bedford hurricane barrier for these types of abnormal tides.


Abstract We have studied the dependence of quenched-in resistance upon quench temperature and quenching speed for fine tungsten wires quenched under superfluid helium. We ascribe this resistance to vacancies trapped in the wires by the rapid quench. Extrapolation of the data to infinite quench speed produced a vacancy formation energy larger than the value of 3.3 eV proposed by Schultz. Analysis in terms of the theory of Flynn, Bass, and Lazarus yielded a vacancy formation energy of 3.6±0.2 eV and a vacancy motion energy of 2.5±0.5 eV, assuming an activation energy for self-diffusion of 6.1 ±0.3 eV. We have also examined the isochronal annealing spectrum after quenches from above 2800 K. Over 80% of the quenched-in resistance annealed away in a single, narrow stage, centred in the temperature range 850 to 1150K. After quenches from below 3100 K, this stage was centred in the upper portion of this temperature range and contained essentially all of the quenched-in resistance. After quenches from higher temp...


The influences of different buffer gas, neon and helium, on199Hg+clock transition are compared in trapped199Hg+linear trap. By the technique of time domain's Ramsey separated oscillatory fields, the buffer gas pressure frequency shifts of199Hg+clock transition are measured to be(d f /dPNe)(1/ f) = 1.8 × 10-8Torr-1for neon and(d f /dPHe)(1/ f) = 9.1 × 10-8Torr-1for helium. Meanwhile, the line-width of199Hg+clock transition spectrum with the buffer gas neon is narrower than that with helium at the same pressure. These experimental results show that neon is a more suitable buffer gas than helium in199Hg+ions microwave frequency standards because of the199Hg+clock transition is less sensitive to neon variations and the better cooling effect of neon. The optimum operating pressure for neon is found to be about 1.0 × 10-5Torr in our linear ion trap system.


Abstract. A highly birefringent dispersion compensating microstructure optical fiber (MOF) based on a modified spiral (MS)-MOF is presented that successfully compensates the dispersion covering the E- to L-communication bands ranging from 1370 to 1640 nm. It is shown theoretically that it can obtain a negative dispersion coefficient of about −221 to −424  ps/(nm·km)) over S to L bands and −327  ps/(nm· km)) at the operating wavelength of 1550 nm. The relative dispersion slope is perfectly matched to that of single-mode fiber of about 0.0036  nm−1. Besides, the proposed MS-MOF offers high birefringence of 1.79×10−2 with a large nonlinear coefficient of about 41.8  W−1 km−1 at the operating wavelength along with two zero dispersion wavelengths at 610 and 1220 nm. Futhermore, the variation of structural parameters is also studied to evaluate the tolerance of the fabrication.


Identification of modalities and procedures to improve the differential diagnosis of septic and aseptic cases in patients with joint-related pain after total hip or knee alloplasty (THA/TKA). A prospective cohort of 147 patients presenting with problems related to previous THA or TKA was included and subjected to a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm. The standard diagnostics were supplemented with novel or improved methods for sampling of clinical specimens, sonication of retrieved implant parts, prolonged and effective culture of microorganisms, and dedicated clinical samples for molecular biological detection and identification of microorganisms. Furthermore, comprehensive pain investigations and nuclear imaging were employed. For each case the clinical management was decided upon in a clinical conference with participation of clinical microbiologist, orthopedics and experts in nuclear imaging. The clinical management of patients was blinded against the molecular biological detection of microorganisms. Patients grouped as follows: 69 aseptic, 19 acute septic, 19 chronic septic, 40 pain/unresolved. Sonication of retrieved implant parts resulted in detection of biofilm not detected by standard specimens, i.e. joint fluid and periprosthetic tissue biopsies. Next generation sequencing detected and identified few infections not detected by culture. Molecular analyses showed more polymicrobial infections than culture. Nuclear imaging was inconclusive with respect to recommendation of changed setup. Analysis of blood based biomarkers is ongoing. Patients with chronic pain are undergoing follow-up. The special emphasis put on detection of infections resulted in detection of infections in joints that otherwise would have been categorized as aseptic loosening. Clinical management for these cases was changed accordingly. The cross-disciplinary clinical conference is considered valuable for clinical management. The clinical relevance of the polymicrobial nature of infections as diagnosed employing next generation sequencing is yet to be established. Long-term follow-up is planned.


The Stanford University Biodesign Innovation Fellowship teaches a needs-based methodology for the innovation of health technologies. This involves the direct observation of patient care in a variety of settings, ranging from the hospital to the home, to identify unmet needs that can be addressed via innovative new technology-based solutions. Expanding this model to educate a larger population of undergraduate and graduate students is limited by access to real clinical observations, partly due to hospital policies and patient privacy concerns. We hypothesise that the use of virtual reality (VR) can be an effective tool to provide students access to a variety of clinical scenarios for identifying needs for innovation. In this preliminary study, two undergraduate students observed clinical care live in the operating room (OR) and using VR headsets. The students identified needs in both settings and compared the two experiences with a short survey. While VR did not offer a complete replication of the OR experience, it served as a viable tool for learning how to make observations. VR merits further investigation as an educational tool for needs finding and as a proxy for live clinical observations.


In this work, the authors derive a new parameter (gamma) to quantify what they call the "strength" of the thermohaline circulation that would be valid for all regions where the flow in the surface layer is weak and driven by evaporation (L#90-91). According to L#117-118, gamma would be related to changes in salinity of the inflow water due to evaporation (??), if I understood correctly. This "strength" concept is not well defined in the paper and I have a lot of doubts about it. I suggest the authors work harder to give a clear physical definition for what they call "strength". There are bits and pieces spread throughout the MS.


The standard controller for a Pnuemo ASG 2500 Diamond Turning Machine, an Allen Bradley 8200, has been replaced with a custom high-performance design. This controller consists of four major components. Axis position feedback information is provided by a Zygo Axiom 2/20 laser interferometer with 0.1 micro-inch resolution. Hardware interface logic couples the computers digital and analog I/O channels to the diamond turning machine`s analog motor controllers, the laser interferometer, and other machine status and control information. It also provides front panel switches for operator override of the computer controller and implement the emergency stop sequence. The remaining two components, the control computer hardware and software, are discussed in detail below.


The current study evaluates the impact of the National Public Security with Citizenship Program (PRONASCI) on the homicide rate in Brazilian municipalities. PRONASCI program was implemented in Brazilian metropolitan regions and urban territories with high violent crime rates in 2007. In this study, we have applied a spatial difference-in-differences model with matching approaches. Municipalities that did not receive funds from the program made up the control group. We found that the program was inefficient to reduce the homicide rate in all of the municipalities that had received funds from it, compared to those that had not, even considering their potential spatial spillover effects. This result was expected due to the program complexity, in particular due to its ineffective management and the resistance from municipalities to change with the program.


Ber‐EP4 is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes 34‐kDa and 39‐kDa non‐covalently linked glycopolypeptides expressed by most human epithelial cells and carcinomas. In this study, we performed immunohistochemical staining of 31 cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC); 20 cases of trichoblastoma (TB), including ten cases of nodular type, eight cases of cribriform type (trichoepithelioma) and two cases of columnar type (desmoplastic trichoepithelioma); 16 cases of actinic keratosis (AK); and 10 cases each of Bowen's disease, poroma and seborrheic keratosis. Six cases of BCC and AK were co‐lesions of both neoplasms. In normal skin tissue, Ber‐EP4 reacted positively with the secretory portion of eccrine glands and follicular germinative cells at the lower end of catagen hairs. Neoplastic cells in 97% of cases with BCC reacted positively with Ber‐EP4 in at least 5% of neoplastic cells. Those in 90% with nodular type TB and 50% with trichoepithelioma also reacted positively in at least 5% of neoplastic cells. No cases of poroma, seborrheic keratosis, AK or Bowen's disease were immunohistochemically positive for Ber‐EP4 in neoplastic cells. In all six cases with co‐lesions of BCC and AK, neoplastic cells of BCC reacted positively with Ber‐EP4 and those of AK were negative. Immunohistochemical examination using the Ber‐EP4 antibody is a useful tool for diagnosing neoplasms with follicular germinative differentiation, such as TB, TE or BCC, and for differentiating those from squamous cell carcinoma in situ, poroma or seborrheic keratosis.


Herbal medicines containing different alkaloids of medicinal plants are used for prevention and treatment of dreadful diseases such as cancer, HIV and tuberculosis. They include traditional medicines of ancient times and the present day standardized plant drugs are all herbal drugs. In the age of clinical medicines, the main challenge is drug resistance. So, multidrug resistance somehow hampers random use of clinical medicines anymore, resulting in the use of herbal medicines. Use of herbal medicines is cheaper due to its easy availability. Modern day medicines have already accepted herbalism as a form of alternative medicine. Clinical medicines however use many plant-derived metabolites in pharmaceutical drugs, for example- opium, aspirin, digitalis, quinine etc; but scope of using herbal medicines is further extended as it consists of many more unexplored herbals, minerals, fungal and algal products. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of ethanol tuberous root extract of D. hamiltonii and roots of H. indicus on Hep G2 cells and cytotoxicity on Vero cells by MTT assay method. The maximum cell death of Vero cells by tuberous root extract of D. hamiltonii was 23.66±0.003% and that of H. indicus was 20.69±0.003% at 160 µg/mL concentration. The maximum cell death of HepG2 cells by tuberous root extract of D. hamiltonii was 76.58±0.005% and in the case of H. indicus it was 72.11±0.004% at 160 µg/mL concentration.


Three-dimensional Yang-Mills and gravity theories augmented by gauge-invariant mass terms are analyzed. These topologically nontrivial additions profoundly alter the particle content of the models and lead to quantization of a dimensionless mass-coupling-constant ratio. The vector field excitations become massive, with spin 1 (rather than massless with spin 0), and the mass provides an infrared cutoff. The gravitation acquires mass, mediates finite-range interactions, and has spin 2 (rather than being absent altogether); although its mass term is of third derivative order, there are no ghosts or acausalities.


The adult Limoniidae and Pediciidae (Diptera) communities along mountainous streams from different regions in the Carpathians, Romania are compared based on recent, fresh collected material. The possibility to use crane flies as part of an integrative ecological classification of watercourses in mountainous habitats was evaluated using taxon diversity and quantitative data of the summer-collected species. 157 species were recorded during our investigations, which completed with 19 species (1 Pediciidae and 18 Limoniidae) the number of short-palped crane fly species, previously known from literature data. A comment on the evolution of the species composition and biodiversity of the Limoniidae and Pediciidae fauna at local and regional level are given, using community analyses data and diversity ordering.


The Political Science Thesaurus was created to provide a "terminologyregulating" device for a computer-based information storage and retrieval system being designed at the University Center for International Studies, University of Pittsburgh, in conjunction with the American Political Science Association. This information system is now in published form and known as United States Political Science Documents. The Political Science Thesaurus comprises, in addition to a forward and a preface, a Description and Use of the Thesaurus section, the Thesaurus of Terms, a Permuted Index, a Hierarchical Index, and three Appendices—Thesaurus Rules and Conventions, Sources of Terms Used in the Data Bank, and a list of Participants in the production and creation of the Thesaurus. The main body of the publication—the Thesaurus of Terms—consists of Part I: Political Science Terminology and Part II: Geographical/Political Areas. The Political Science Thesaurus is available in both casebound and paperback editions of 470 pages. The price for the casebound is $20.00 to individuals and $30.00 to institutions; the paperback is $15.00 to individuals and $25.00 to institutions. Orders should be sent to the American Political Science Association, 1527 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Checks should be made payable to the American Political Science Association, and APSA members should deduct 20% from the total.


In this paper, I explore the issue of interdependency of theory and research findings. I exemplify how analyses of a short transcript of 6-graders collaborative problem solving – by using two different theoretical perspectives – lead to different interpretations and understanding of the same account. I use this exemplification for discussing the fundamental issues of validity and relevance in sociologically oriented research on mathematics education.


Each of the 12 Nasmyth and Cassegrain foci of the ESO very large telescope (VLT) will be equipped with an 'adapter/rotator' which provides the mechanical interface for the science instruments and several key functions for the control of the telescope, namely a CCD sensor for acquisition and guiding, and a separate CCD sensor as wavefront sensor for the active optics control system. This paper describes the origins and concept for the VLT adapter/rotators, and the principal design drivers and constraints.


Backgrund/Aim. Lafora disease (LD) is progressive myoclonus epilepsy, characterized by intractable myoclonus and seizures, inevitable neurological deterioration, brutal cognitive decline and poor prognosis. The treatment still remains purely symptomatic. Recently, two single-case studies and one case series study reported the favourable effects of perampanel in LD. Our study aimed to test the benefits reported in three separate case studies. Methods. We performed an open label, prospective study of 4 patients aged between 22 and 34 years with mutation in NHLRC1 (EPM2B) gene, treated with perampanel (6?8 mg/day) as add-on therapy. Follow-up period comprised 14?26 months. Seizure frequency, myoclonus, functional disability and cognitive performance were analysed. Results. In 3 patients, both, seizures and myoclonus, showed remarkable improvement after the drug introduction (> 50% reduction). No significant effect was seen in one case. The functional and cognitive impairment maintained at the same level, though all patients were at the later stage of the disease. Psychiatric side effects were dose related. Conclusion. Our study supports the rare, previously reported observations that perampanel is beneficial in treating LD patients.