The observed dynamic response of the instrumented Wildlife site during the 1987 Superstition Hills earthquake was utilized to demonstrate the feasibility of computer simulation of earthquake induced site response and liquefaction-induced deformations of a level ground site. A non-destructive in-situ electrical method was used to obtain the initial state parameter and constitutive model constants representative of the site. The measured shear wave velocity measurements are compared with the shear wave velocity values evaluated using the electrical method. The dynamic response analysis used the effective stress-based, nonlinear, fully coupled, finite element program SUMDES with a reduced order bounding surface hypo-plasticity model to simulate the stress-strain behavior of cohesive soils and modified reduced order bounding surface hypo-plasticity model to simulate the stress-strain behavior of non-cohesive soils. The results of the dynamic analysis showed that the acceleration, excess pore water pressure response histories and liquefaction-induced deformations agreed reasonably well with the observed behavior during the Superstition Hills earthquake. The results of this study show that computer simulation of earthquake effects of a level ground site is possible using non-destructive in-situ testing to obtain the initial state and constitutive model parameters representative of the site and a verified numerical procedure.


(e application of digital signature technology to the Internet of vehicles (IoV) is affected by its network and communication environment. In the 5G era, the influx of a large number of intelligent devices into the mobile Internet requires a low transmission delay and power consumption as well as high-security requirements. To the best of our knowledge, a well-designed solution in which signcryption technology is used has not been proposed in the IoV research area. Motivated by the fact, a certificateless signcryption scheme based on the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm, in which pseudonym and timestamp mechanism are also considered, has been designed in this paper. We prove that the scheme proposed by us can be reduced to solving the difficulty of the computational Diffie–Hellman problem with a standard model, showing that the scheme meets requirements on both security and efficiency, which provides a comparative analysis with the state-of-the-art schemes in terms of security analysis, computational cost, and communication cost, demonstrating that the scheme proposed by us is suitable to be deployed in the IoV environment, which is of the characteristics of high-speed vehicle movement.


The swelling of natural rubber vulcanizates under equal two-dimensional compression has been investigated. The degree of crosslinking of the vulcanizate and the nature of the swelling liquid have both been varied. The reduction in equilibrium swelling produced by the stresses is found to agree well with theoretical predictions, except for high degrees of swelling. This divergence from theory has been explained on the basis of surface instability, which takes the form of wrinkles of the rubber surface.


The application of convolutional neural network LeNet-5 was proposed in license plate character recognition. To fit with the Chinese license plate character recognition problem, the traditional LeNet-5 was modified. The unit number of output layer was changed and the feature map number of C5 layer was added. Experimental results show that the recognition rate of modified LeNet-5 reaches 98.68% and is better than that of LeNet-5. The results are also compared with the BP neural network, which indicates that the modified LeNet-5 is superior in both recognition rate and speed. This method has a great potential for license plate recognition.


This thesis examines the effect of CEO duality (CEO which also holds the role as Chairman of the Board) on corporate long-termism. Using the final sample of 2,798 company-years observations made by U.S. companies during 2010 – 2019 period, I document that in general, CEO duality does create impact on corporate long-termism. Specifically, it negatively affects the research and development intensity, and conversely, it positively affects the level of capital expenditure. Two moderating effects included here are the proportion of independent directors and industry competitiveness measured by Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. The independent directors turn out to significantly weaken the association between CEO duality and research and development intensity, meanwhile for industry competitiveness, the higher the competition companies are into, they spend more on the capital expenditure and less on the research and development.


Computer evolution and other supporting devices was already digital, has made digital data more widely used. On the other hand, the ease has raised issues around copyright and digital material ownership rights. The hidden message technique (steganography), is a technique that allows users to hide a message in another message. With such capabilities then copyright information such as the identity of an author, creation date, and others can be inserted or hidden into digital image specially gif image. In this research the steganography method using Least Significant Bit (LSB) and Adaptif which will be applied to gif image. Of these two methods will be compared how many characters from each method can be inserted in the gif image.


The purpose of this investigation is to determine some of the factors which affect the onset and amount of hair growth stimulation in wound healing. This growth promoting effect of wounds on the surrounding resting hair follicles occurs in various strains of mice (Argyris and Argyris, '59; Borum, '54; Chase, '58), and in rabbits (Chase, 58; Ghadially, '58; Jolles and Greening, '58). A somewhat analogous growth promoting effect of wounds on adjacent epidermal epithelium has been shown to occur in insects by Wigglesworth ('59). The stimulation of hair growth during skin regeneration is an example of growth promotion leading to organ specific growth (Weiss, '53, '55). Analysis of this growth promoting effect is of considerable interest because it helps to bring us closer to a partial knowledge of the messages and ultimately the mechanisms responsible for the control of growth in adult tissues.


Abstract The spin-lattice relaxation time of 39K NMR observed in the low-temperature phase (T<264.1 K) of KNO2 is explained by the quadrupole mechanism contributed from a newly found NO2- motion. The in-plane C3 reorientation and the overvall NO2 rotation as well as the self-diffusion were shown in the intermediate phase (T ≤ 314.7 K) and the high-temperature plastic phase (T < melting point: 710 K), respectively, by observing 39K and 15N NMR relaxation times and 15N lineshapes.


The Pohang Light Source (PLS) Project is now in its final year of the construction phase. The machine consists of a full energy (2 GeV) linear accelerator injector, a storage ring with a 12‐period TBA structure, and 32 eventual beamlines from insertion devices and bending magnets. The commissioning of the injector linac was completed in June 1994. The overall commissioning of the PLS is expected to be completed by the end of 1994. The facility will provide high brightness, tunable radiation in a wide spectral range up to 30 keV of photon energy, and will serve national and international users starting in mid‐1995.


We present the determination of the wavelength and phase of propagating spin waves in magnetic microstructures made of Ni81Fe19 using the shorted end of a coplanar waveguide for local excitation. The spin wave characteristics have been measured by phase resolved Brillouin light scattering microscopy. This recently developed technique allows for the unambiguous experimental visualization of the phase structure of propagating spin waves and is employed here to magnetic microstructures. The results show an excellent agreement with the theoretically predicted spin-wave dispersion relations.


A theoretical discussion on the efficiency of light extraction is presented for the parameter optimization concept of the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using a two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC). Several photonic systems of square and Archimedean lattices are investigated based on a simple design method for an efficient light output from the viewpoint of Bragg diffraction. According to the photonic band diagram, the radiation modes near the operation eigenfrequency above the light lines are used to extract light from the PC-based LED into the free space. The predicted design parameters for the optimal light extraction are qualitatively consistent with the results of three-dimensional finite-element-method simulations. The extraction efficiency could be improved by a factor of ∼3 compared to that of an LED device without the PC pattern by adding an Archimedean tiling of circular pillars in the device.


PURPOSE: Provided are lithium fluoroalkylphosphates which display no or only very slight signs of hydrolysis over a long period of time, a process for preparing them and their use as electrolyte salts in batteries, capacitors, supercapacitors and electrolytic cells to extend or improve their life and the performance. CONSTITUTION: Lithium fluoroalkylphosphates are represented by the general formula(1): Li(PFx(CyF2y+1-zHz)6-x) where 1 <= x <= 5, 3 <= y <= 8 and 0 <= z <= 2y + 1 and the ligands (CyF2y+1-zHz) can be identical or different, with the exception of compounds of the general formula(2): Li(PFa(CHbFc(CF3)d)e) in which a is an integer from 2 to 5, b = 0 or 1, c = 0 or 1, d = 2 and e is an integer from 1 to 4, with the provisos that b and c are not simultaneously 0 and the sum of a + e is 6 and the ligands (CHbFc(CF3)d) can be identical or different.


In the case of ligating cervix,both uterine horn in rabbit respectively were injected with saline(control group)and semen(test group),the effects of semen on the immunity and development of uterus to pregnancy were studied.8 female rabbits were used in the experiment.The rabbits were killed 48h after the injection.Uterus section from the rabbits were analysised by image gathing system.The results are as follows:1.Compared with control group,in test group,the length(P0.05)and the diameter(P0.05)of uterine horn and the uterine horn index(P0.05)significantly were increased;the thickness of uterine wall(P0.05),mucosal epithelium(P0.01)and mucosa(P0.05)obviously were increased;the number of glandular tube(P0.05)and blood vessel(P0.05)in mm2 and the thickness of glandular epithelium(P0.05)significantly were increased.2.The number of mast cell(MC)in endometriums was obviously reduced by the semen(P0.05),it is 3.72±0.04/ mm2 in control group,while it was only 2.85±0.05/ mm2 in semen group.The number of neutrophil(53.3±4.03×109/L)in uterine flushing fluid in test group was signifycantly more(P0.01)than that(8.87±0.36×109/L)in control.This study show that the development of uterus to pregnancy were definitely promoted,the immune situation of endometriums was changed by semen.


Despite the growing popularity of tattoos, research suggests that individuals with tattoos are stigmatized in the United States. However, minimal research has examined potential disparities faced by tattooed individuals in the health care domain. Two studies examined perceivers' illness responsibili


In a model where agents have unequal wages and heterogeneous preferences, we study the optimal redistribution via an income tax, when the social objective is based on a combination of efficiency and fairness principles, and when incentive issues are taken into account. We show how some fairness principles entail specific features for the optimal taxes, such as progressivity or tax exemption for incomes below the minimum wage.


IntroductionA large number of people in the world, including the English language learners and their parents, EFL teachers, administrators of English Language Programs (ELPs) and other decision makers are of the opinion that NES teachers are the ideal teachers of English as a second or foreign language based simply on the fact that they are highly proficient in English (Braine, 2005). Since English is their mother-tongue and their language competence is well above the non-native EFL teachers, they are perceived to be better or more competent than them even if they do not possess any specific language teaching related qualifications (Ahmad & Ahmed, 2015). This uncritical assumption has political implications because it confers status and power on a specific group of teachers and the majority of EFL teachers who happen to be non-natives feel marginalized despite the fact that they earn professional qualifications for this particular job. Since many stake holders believe that the NES teachers are inherently better EFL teachers, the ELP administrators prefer hiring NES teachers which results into a serious disadvantage for the majority of non-native EFL teachers. A number of affluent students go to the English-speaking countries to learn English as a second or foreign language. In such an ESL contexts where students go to private language schools, administrators claim that the students who come to study in these programs expect to be taught by the NES teachers (Medgyes, 1994). That is why the decision makers justify that they have to hire only NES teachers in order to satisfy the customers' pressing demands. Whether this reason is valid or not it is a separate debate, but it surely has certain political and pedagogical implications. In fact, a large majority of people learn English as a foreign language and similarly a vast majority of EFL teachers in the world consists of non-native teachers. So, hiring only NES teachers can have serious repercussions for non-native EFL teachers.A vast majority of people is learning English across the globe. The supply of the NES teachers in the TESOL job market is very limited and non-native EFL teachers are increasing every day to meet the demands. In the last 20 years, a great deal of research has focused on the issues of the non-native EFL teachers. The NES teachers are considered to be better and more competent EFL teachers by the ELP administrators and they base their preference on learners' perceptions about the non-native EFL teachers. As a result, the non-native EFL teachers feel marginalized. However, at the same time research studies have questioned the legitimacy of considering a native teacher as an ideal language teacher (Ahmad, 2016; Medgyes, 1992; Philipson, 1992).Many Pakistani EFL teachers are teaching English language in the Middle East especially in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) along with their other non-Arab nonnative colleagues such as Indians, Bengalis, Turkish, Filipinos, Sri Lankans, Indonesians, Malaysian and Arab non-native colleagues such as Egyptians, Jordanians, Sudanese, Moroccans, Algerians, Yemenis, Syrians, Tunisians and native colleagues such as Americans, British, Canadians, New Zealanders, Australians and South Africans. The Pakistani EFL teachers have a non-native status, and they have to compete with the NES teachers as well as the Arab EFL teachers to survive in the TESOL job market especially in the Middle East. In the Non-native Speaker Movement, it is assumed that non-native English-speaking teachers share L1 and its culture with their students. Contrary to this, the NES teachers speak English as their L1. Speaking English as an L1 is the principal strength of a NES teacher and sharing Arabic as an L1 and its culture with the Arab students is the major strength of the Arab EFL teachers respectively. However, the scenario in this study is altogether different from the two mentioned above. The present study focuses on the Pakistani EFL teachers teaching English in the KSA. …


over 90 % of US coking capacity is associated with delayed coking. I Changes in oil refining technology and economics are driving refi ners to utilize thermal processes Where is the by-product coke from these units to maximize the conversion of heavy crude oil going to go? Petroleum coke has an energy I components to clean products. Since the primary content 50% higher than coal, but also contains unit operation to accomplish this objective is many undesireable components such as sulfur and the coking unit, more cokers are being built, and heavy metals. Not only do these constitue~ts


Electromagnetic fluid, which is usually a suspension of extremely fine particles of metal in carrier fluid, shows unique behaviors such as large deformation or a change of material properties in electromagnetic field. This paper deals with elongation and sharpening of electromagnetic fluid with extremely high viscosity in electrostatic field. This behavior is very difficult to calculate with the finite-element model (FEM) because it includes intensive deformation and a large change of interfacial surface of fluid. Therefore, we propose an improved 3-D coupled method of FEM and moving particle semi-implicit (MPS). Electrostatic field analysis with the FEM and fluid analysis with MPS is weakly coupled. This paper implicitly calculates viscous terms in Navier-Stokes equations and succeeds in accurately calculating deformation of high-viscosity electromagnetic fluid.


Different techniques such as mechanical activation, chemical activation and thermal activation have been employed to activate clay used as a cement replacement material. The clay was activated mechanically by grinding it to 250, 360 and 420 m2/kg Blaine surface areas; chemically by mixing clay with two alkalis (potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)) with different concentrations and thermally by keeping the mortar samples at 20, 40 and 60°C. Samples were tested for compressive strength at the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. All these methods were found to enhance the reactivity of clay. It was found that an increase in the fineness of clay increased the strength development and the fineness should be greater than that of cement in order to enhance the performance.


We present a high power RF coupler design for an interleaved /spl pi//2 805 MHz standing wave accelerating structure proposed for a muon cooling experiment at FNAL. The coupler, in its simplest form, is a rectangular waveguide directly connected to an accelerating cell through an open slot on the cavity side-wall or end-plates. Two of such couplers are needed to feed the interleaved cavities. Current high power RF test requires the coupler to be at critical coupling. Numerical simulations on the coupler designs using MAFIA are presented.


Whether running custom or commercial software, computers play an increasingly important role in the recording of textual, graphic, and spatial data on archaeological excavations. However, the data are often compromised by the proprietary formats in which they are stored. Such formats are not archival, and they pose problems for information retrieval. The problems are surmountable within the controlled and limited environment of an active excavation. But outside these confines, the formats become unwieldy and an impediment to large and diverse data sets like those created through federation. The development of federated data sets requires data to conform to a standard. International standards are already advanced for electronic texts that have a history of SGML, and more recently XML, applications. Consequently text passages can be indexed and selectively retrieved from large, tagged corpora. In contrast, the application of XML to standards-based 3D graphics files is immature. Similar tools for indexing and retrieving select graphic elements from large corpora are lacking. This paper focuses on the X3D XML application of the VRML international 3D graphic standard. It addresses the integration of X3D graphic files into the Perseus XML document management system. And it addresses the creation of a tool to extract and represent graphic elements from multiple files. The tool provides a specific research mechanism for the discovery of embedded graphic data interspersed through a large corpus, for example, allowing an archaeologist to retrieve every cornice from an extensive collection of files without having to open and search each file manually. 1. Archaeological research requires a data format that is permanent, flexible, and easily indexed Computers are an indispensable tool for modern archaeological research. As archaeologists, we rely on a variety of software to record, analyze, and store the data that we collect. Many of us have tried to access or repurpose old data but, to our displeasure, found them unusable. These experiences demonstrate that proprietary binary formats, however ubiquitous and convenient, are not suited to our discipline's fundamental need for data preservation. Instead, we require formats that are permanent, flexible, and easily indexed. In general, we better serve our needs by storing our data in text-based formats that adhere to international standards [1]. 2. The Extensible Markup Language (XML) offers a suitable format for archaeological data The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is one textbased format that is increasingly popular [2]. It is a subset of the Standard Generalized Markup Language, an international standard for the representation of electronic texts with human-readable markup. In XML, electronic data are stored as strings of text enclosed within descriptive tags that, collectively, define the structure of the data. The combination of plain text and descriptive markup makes XML significant for archival purposes. Using any text editor, an XML-encoded data file can be opened, the file's structure and content discerned, and new programs written to access the data. The explicit nature of XML and the use of standard XML formats provide data with permanency and flexibility. Moreover, XML's text basis makes it easy to index the data in a file; indices in turn make it possible to locate undocumented information in the data. Indexing our data is analogous to excavating them, in so far as it reveals and records material that was previously hidden. 3. 3D archaeological data encoded in the Extensible 3D (X3D) format have all the benefits of XML XML is primarily a format for encoding electronic texts, but it is also a format for encoding the data managed by a number of widely different applications. In fact, we can use XML to store 3D archaeological data in a way that meets all of our format requirements. Extensible 3D (X3D) is one of several standard XML formats available for 3D graphics [3]; specifically, it is an XML application of the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML). A 3D graphic encoded in X3D inherits the permanency and flexibility characteristic of a community-based XML format. It likewise inherits XML's ease of indexing. The ability to index graphic data is important since we can expect our interest in the different parts of models to change with shifts in the direction of our research. Without indices, we are limited to hand-keyed metadata that describes the whole of models when locating 3D archaeological data to evidence our work. This limitation is a non-trivial barrier to resource discovery, especially within large data sets that have multiple authorship or other aspects of heterogeneity. 4. When research concludes, migration of X3D-formatted data to an institutional repository is trivial Standard XML formats provide 3D archaeological data with the qualities we require for our own research. They also prepare the data for eventual integration with large repositories. The data from research conducted by previous generations of archaeologists have found their way into institutional archives; we should anticipate a similar store for the electronic data that we currently produce. Digital archives and libraries are in rapid development at academic institutions across the country, and standard formats are central where there are tools to support the data. 3D graphics encoded in the X3D format will migrate readily from the restricted context of a research project to the open context of an institutional repository. The format's characteristics allow repositories to parse the encoded 3D data, with the result that individually modeled but undocumented geometry can be identified and even extracted. Ultimately, the use of XML to format our 3D archaeological data will benefit the research of archaeologists who come after us. 5. An architectural model of an Egyptian tomb demonstrates the power of the X3D format The model is a reconstruction of tomb G 2110, a Fourth Dynasty mastaba, and is part of a larger model of the Western Cemetery of Giza. The model captures both published and unpublished archaeological data recorded during the Harvard University–Boston Museum of Fine Arts excavations between 1932 and 1938 [4]; it exemplifies one archaeological application of 3D technology to reexamine old data for new insights. The model is encoded in XML-based X3D, so migration from its project context to an XML-aware repository is trivial. The process neither requires nor causes modification of the data. The X3D Document Type Definition describes the elements that define the navigation, lighting, view and other components of the mastaba model. The <Shape> and <Group> elements are among the elements that define the model's geometry, including that of a sculpted door jamb now in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts (Boston 07.1002). The Perseus XML document management system parses the mastaba model, maps the various geometry labels to an "object" abstraction, and generates an index of the normalized data. The index captures all identifying information contained in element DEF attributes and includes the byte offset for each component of the model. At run-time, the document display routine references this index, finds the extents of specific geometry, and extracts it. This geometry is then merged with additional tags to create a new X3D document. Present practice passes the new document to an Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) transformation utility for styling into VRML before it is displayed in a web page. With the mastaba's X3D file in the system, an archaeologist seeking information about the sculpture "Boston 07.1002" can retrieve either a 3D model of the relief alone or a 3D model of the relief in its context. These results are notable in light of the mastaba model's hand-keyed metadata, which give no indication that the sculpture is included among the model's sub-objects. The results are possible because of the index created by the document management system, and they highlight the importance of specificity in a model's internal metadata. Standard layer naming conventions provide some general internal metadata, but other means of documenting a model's geometry should also be used to capture particulars. 6. The Perseus Digital Library is developing new research technologies that build upon XML-enabled geometry extraction The ability to isolate component geometry is a starting point for the integration of XML-based models with automatic linking tools, whereby cross-references will be inserted into 3D data. And it presents an opportunity to explore enhanced 3D shape-matching services, whereby models' constituent shapes might be indexed and


Based on reliability theory,in this paper introduces the existing engineering methods of structural reliability analysis,then introduces a variety of the first-order second-moment method calculation,at the same time explores and compares the characteristics of a variety of methods,it provides a valuable reference for the reliability calculation.


In this paper, electrical characteristics of a complementary tunneling field effect transistor (CTFET) is studied computationally for the first time. The design of CTFET is carried with 3D vertically stacked channels (multiple) of n-TFET on top of the p-TFET with gate-all-around (GAA) nanosheet SiGe options. The CTFET technology (using CFETs) is examined for emerging technology nodes as a potential alternative to conventional TFETs. Here, the device level design of CTFET is strictly monitored with DC characteristic behavior under the influence of process variability conditions (traps and temperature). The performance analysis is extended to analyze the scalability of CTFET under critical dimensions (n- to p-TFET separation, nanosheet pitch, and so on), and find that it is highly scalable. The circuit analysis of CTFET-inverter show high-noise margin (NM) and voltage gains compared to the conventional strained-Si GAA-TFETs at the supply range (V D D) from 0.7 ≥ V D D ≥ 0.2 V. In addition, the CTFET-inverter circuit performance is analyzed with miller capacitance, power delay product, and intrinsic delay, respectively. Improved circuit performance, followed by 12.5% and 21.5% improvements in low and high NMs (NML and NMH) are seen in CTFETs compared to conventional TFETs.


The results on six reproductive hormone of the Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus were briefly firstly reported.Electrochemiluminescence technology was applied to detect the contents of the six reproductive hormone(prolactin,follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,estradiol,progesterone,testostrone) during the idiophase and non-idiophase of the female and male Andrias davidianus.The results showed that there was no remarkable difference of reproductive hormone between the idiophase and non-idiophase.A preliminary discussion on the relation of reproductive hormone between the idiophase and non-idiophase,which established the theory foundation for the reproductive endocrinology and the artifical breeding of Andrias davidianus,was made.


Quantitative analysis of tracer elements by radiometric titration is found to have the advantage that the radioactivity is not brought into the tracer element by the addition of radioactive indicator but is originally in the element to be determined. Furthermore, it is possible by titration to measure the radioactivity of the tracer while determining the weight. Estimation of specific activities of Zn/sup 65/ and U/sup 237/ by titration is presented. Total zinc in Zn/sup 65/ and total uranium in U/sup 237/ tracers are titrated radiometrically with potassium ferrocyanide or sodium hydroxide and disodium phosphate standard solutions, respectively. A micro amount of zinc is titrated by extracting the dithizonate with carbon tetrachloride. In both cases, the counter used is calibrated with a Zn/sup 65/ or U/sup 237/ standard. This radiometric method has the advantage of simplicity, in that no special indicator and no instruments other than a gamma -ray counter are necessary for determination of the metal ion concentration. (auth)


This paper presents a preliminary analysis on how firm strategy affects the relationship between entrepreneurial strategic orientation and firm growth within the context of small and medium size hotels in Peninsular Malaysia. The hypotheses were tested using 254 completed questionnaires from hotel representatives at managerial level. Regression analysis results showed that the hypothesis on positive effect of entrepreneurial orientation on growth of small and medium size hotels could not be accepted. On the other hand, the hypothesis on the moderating effect of firm strategy on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and growth of small and medium size hotels was confirmed. Based on the findings, several implications are proposed. Keywords: F irm Strategy, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Firm Growth, JEL Classifications: M10, M14


The Reciprocal System of physical theory was first brought to the attention of the scientific community about twenty years ago in a book entitled The Structure of the Physical Universe. That book is now out of print, and for the last six or eight months I have been working on the first volume of a revised and greatly enlarged edition which, if all goes well, will be ready for publication in the not too distant future. One of the tasks that necessarily had to be undertaken in preparing for the revision was to make a detailed review of the entire subject matter of the original work, including the portions that were omitted for the published text in order to limit the size of the book. This review now offers a good opportunity to assess the amount of progress that has been made in the development of the theory during the twenty-year interval.


To assess the impact of T‐cell/B‐cell phenotype on clinical outcome, the authors retrospectively compared patients who had peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTCL‐U), with patients who had diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL).


[] In recent discussions of academic computing and computer science, concern has been expressed over adequacy of university facilities. In the Fall of 1980 we undertook a survey to determine the approximate level of support for interactive computing in four-year colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. A brief questionnaire was sent to almost all such institutions offering a bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degree in computer science. It was addressed to the chairman of the Computer Science department. The survey attained an exceptional response rate of 82 percent, with 187 responses out of 228 questionnaires sent. The primary finding of the survey was that, on the average, approximately two-thirds of student jobs are submitted from interactive terminals and one-third are submitted on punch cards. The level of interactive computing support was found to be largely independent of university enrollment or number of computer science majors, and modestly dependent on the stature of the institution. An unrelated fmding was that, on the average, the primary computing facilities are open for student use 19 hours per day. A complete paper detailing the survey and its results was published in a recent issue of the SIGCSE Bulletin. A survey of interactive computing support in American colleges and universities. [] I have recently read the Presi-dent's letter "Computer Architecture: Some Old Ideas that Haven't Quite Made It Yet" in the September 1981 issue of Communications. It was a rare letter indeed-it referred to British computers. At the North Staffordshire Polytechnic we use both ICL 2900 Series and GEC 4000 Series hardware and find them both interesting systems. It is a pity that President Denning did not include in his reference list the book by J.K. Buckle on the 2900 Series or any articles on the Manchester University MU5 computer upon which the ICL 2980 was largely based. It is interesting to note that the GEC 4000 Series is now being presented as a more general purpose system. It was selected some years ago as the host computer system for the first View-data system-primarily because of its process switching speed capabilities. More generally, I feel that Amer-ican articles do have a tendency to display a distinct lack of knowledge on the part of their authors as to what is happening on this side of the Atlantic. The articles in it refer only to U.S. efforts and the references rarely include any mention of …


Job mobility is produced by structural forces of expansion and contraction as well as by individual choices. But labor market structure and welfare state policies will create distinctive national patterns of labor force adjustment to shifts in technology, markets, and the consequent demand for particular forms of labor. In a four‐nation comparative study, U.S. rates of job mobility showed the greatest sensitivity to structural change and to the labor market resources of individual workers. The Netherlands was at the opposite pole, with worker outcomes largely insulated from structural forces. Germany's strong labor market boundaries channeled adjustment within sectors or between employment and nonemployment, while Sweden's pattern was intermediate between that of the United States and Germany.


On a global scale, life expectancy has increased, and birth rates have reduced. This has both decreased the size of the employed workforce and has negatively affected total factor productivity (TFP) and total output. This research looks at whether technology, and ICT in particular, can counter the effects of an aging population on the German manufacturing sector. Using a Cobb-Douglas production function, we calculate and compare the magnitude of such effects. While we conclude that an ageing population has a negative impact on employment, output, and productivity, findings suggest that the effect of ICT on total output is not statistically significant, and that its relative productivity does not differ from that of non-ICT capital. Our findings add to the existing literature by providing an up to date view of the phenomena and a more comprehensive understanding of its linkage with information technology in German manufacturing sector.


The navigation signal generator is an essential device in radio navigation and position system. The technique scheme of improving the "Beidou" positioning ability through setting up terrestrial improvement system is briefly presented, and the system signal generator is analyzed in detail and designed. In the design, the Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) is adopted to create pesudo random code clock with high precision and high stability, the special function of DDS chip AD9854 is used to realize BPSK modulation, the CPLD device is applied to design spread spectrum pseudo random code generator and spread spectrum modulator. Some key techniques of the time synchronization for each terrestrial navigatioin station is specially discussed. The results of practical measurement indicate that the signal generator has high precision and nice stability; moreover the BPSK modulation makes carrier suppression with good concealment and strong anti-jamming ability.


As technologies for magnetorheological (MR) fluid hardware further evolve towards commercial adoption, the appeal for simpler, more cost-effective solutions becomes evident. While the skills involved in methods of manufacturing and cost-reduction efforts for mass production lie with the manufacturing community, practical and cost-effective MR technologies must first exist. As part of a 'whole approach' MR solution, the MR damper technology presented in this paper illustrates the development of a fast-response, low-power, cost-effective solution. Fundamentally, a competitive 'whole approach' active or semi-active MR solution can be viewed as system of separate components: parameter sensing, intelligent control, power delivery, and MR hardware technology. The development of any one single component should not successfully evolve without the addressing the cost efficiency and commercialization concerns of the other three. The MR hardware component should be predictable in performance behavior, capable of high damping force at minimal power, and fast in time response to complement simplified control schemes. The design effort is further challenged to meet these requirements within a simple, cost-effective package that holds commercial development appeal. This research includes the characterization of a new prototype MR damper including a description of the device technology, characterization test results and current work. It is evident by these results that this MR technology, comprising simple, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components where possible, presents an attractive, practical and cost effective component of the 'whole approach' MR solution.


Comprising an amount of one kind with water, sugar coating agent and a hydrophilic colloid coated shaped, unbaked dough product. When baking, the dough products of the transverse dimension of the finished product increases, increases beyond said unbaked dough product had the expected size based on the size.


Puppet show is still an entertainment that is full of values and meaning in some Javanese people. The existence of puppets on the Java's island  is caused by the spread of puppets in Java when the Sunan Kalijaga era spread Islam. Puppet shows save the values and rules of life inherent in the conditions of society. Values of life are conveyed by portraying puppet plays and slipping a few jokes as entertainment in the show. This research is a library research and supported by direct observation watching puppet shows. The author analyzes the aesthetic dimenasi contained in a puppet show. The results of this study are some of the aesthetic values contained in the puppet play Lahire Gatotkaca. The aesthetics contained in the puppet show are the value of the text beauty, the value of the show beauty and the norms that are conveyed in a relaxed and light manner.


As the use of group information management systems (GIMs) for various personal and professional purposes gets widespread, the issue of providing usable support for managing access to the vast amount of user-created content in such open environments becomes more of a concern. This work describes our user-centered approach to developing a framework for designing usable privacy management mechanisms in GIM context. A grounded theory study was conducted, aimed at identifying privacy factors in GIM context from users' perspective. Based on these factors, we propose a design framework for building privacy management mechanisms for GIMs that are usable to the ordinary, non-technical users. Current work includes applying the proposed framework in a real-world GIM system to create a test bed for our framework. Still to come is the evaluation of the resulted privacy management system to see how successful it is in satisfying users' privacy needs.


Many Australian surgeons have made outstanding contributions to Indigenous health. Indigenous health, through exceptional clinical and interpersonal skills, contextual and cultural understanding, or willingness to pursue novel methods of service delivery. The journey to deliver Indigenous health care has been colourful, rewarding and at times difficult. Some programs have worked, whilst others have failed. Until recently, there has been no forum to orientate and help newly arrived surgeons acquire the relevant skills. In this article we examine some issues of surgery and Indigenous health. We consider the how the nature of public discourse affects the perception of opportunities, what the main challenges are and how the profession can tackle them. We end by describing a programme developed jointly by the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) and the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) to promote effective surgical care of Indigenous people, especially those living in rural and remote areas.


The article refers to the history of design of the Moscow Palace of Young Pioneers architectural complex on Leninskie (now Vorobievy) Gory viewed in the context of evolution of the national architecture. While speaking about how the project came into being and which way was chosen to find the architectural character, the author proves that the Palace was a pivotal point in the history of Russian architecture and became one of the symbols of Soviet Modernism.


The article discusses the issues of abuse of powers by tax authorities in the course of implementing certain control measures. Examples of such issues include calling taxpayers to make statements and requesting from them the documents necessary for a tax audit. The author notes that many tax disputes that arise in the practice of law enforcement regarding certain issues in the implementation of these control measures are caused either by the complete absence of legislation or imperfection of legislative regulation for the relevant procedures. Finally, it is concluded that there is a need to improve legislative frameworks for the most important regulatory issues.


An inorganic aqueous polymer resin mortar composition is provided to have excellent effects such as adhesion, wear resistance, air permeability, durability, and environmental friendliness. An inorganic aqueous polymer resin mortar composition includes (A) an inorganic powder comprising 5-10 parts by weight of filler, 2-10 parts by weight of alumina cement, 1-8 parts by weight of anhydrite, 1-5 parts by weight of metal kaolin, 0.05-0.2 parts by weight of a thickener, 0.1-0.2 parts by weight of an antifoaming agent, 0.1-0.2 parts by weight of a hardening accelerator, 0.1-0.2 parts by weight of a retardant, and 1-5 parts by weight of an inorganic pigment, based on 100 parts by weight of the sum of white cement 25-60wt% and quartz sand 40-75wt%, and (B) at least one aqueous emulsion resin selected from the group consisting of rubber latexes for cement admixture, resin emulsions for cement admixture, and mixtures thereof. The inorganic aqueous polymer resin mortar composition comprises the aqueous emulsion resin and inorganic powder in a weight ratio of 1:4-1:4.5. Further, the rubber latexes comprises synthesis rubber, natural rubber and rubber asphalt.


Enzymes continue to be the subject of intensive research efforts because of their ability to accelerate chemical reactions by factors as large as 1020 with extraordinary selectivity.1 Despite enormous advances, on both experimental and theoretical fronts, our understanding of how proteins catalyze reactions remains incomplete. Biomimetic and engineered protein catalysts have failed to reach the catalytic efficiency of naturally occurring enzymes. In addition, computational methods continue to fall short of predicting with precision the catalytic properties of known structures, and the more ambitious goal of generating de novo enzymes with desired function. A recent advance combines computational design with directed evolution to achieve a 105-fold rate acceleration.2 Nevertheless, the ultimate goal of using and engineering enzymes for biomedical and industrial applications still demands a deeper understanding of how the primary sequence of a protein determines its catalytic properties. This review is intended to provide insight into recent advances in the field of enzymology, with emphasis on experiments illuminating the role of protein dynamics from the richly informative perspective of hydride transfer.

1.1. Properties of Hydrogen and Protein Motion
A very large number of the known enzymatic reactions involve the transfer of hydrogen (where hydrogen can refer to a proton, hydrogen atom, or hydride). Because of the unique properties of the periodic table's lightest element, these reactions present at once a difficulty and an opportunity in terms of our understanding of biological catalysis: while hydrogen chemistry demands some special theoretical considerations, it also offers sensitivity of the reaction to environmental effects that can serve as a valuable probe of the subtle ways in which enzymes catalyze reactions.

1.1.1. Properties of Hydrogen
Several features distinguish hydrogen transfer from chemistry involving the exchange of bonds between heavier atoms. First, because of its small mass, hydrogen has a de Broglie wavelength on the order of the distances over which it is expected to be transferred. It is, therefore, anticipated that quantum mechanical behavior will play a significant role in the chemical dynamics of hydrogen chemistry.3 Second, there are three isotopes of hydrogen: protium, deuterium, and tritium with atomic mass 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Since the heavier isotopes will have the same chemical properties but significantly smaller de Broglie wavelengths, they can serve as a direct probe of quantum effects; this contrasts with electron transfer, where particles of variable mass are not available for kinetic studies.4 Third, because the hydrogen donor and acceptor wave function overlap will be a very sensitive function of the donor–acceptor distance, environmental dynamics on a subangstrom scale can have a significant impact on the quantum mechanical aspects of hydrogen transfer.5 Indeed, a picture is emerging wherein the quantum properties of hydrogen and the motions of enzymes are deeply connected in the mechanism of enzyme-catalyzed hydrogen transfer.


I present an automated approach to identifying the most widely disputed claims online. This method consists of performing web searches for trigger phrases (e.g., "falsely claimed that"), processing and clustering the results, and promoting tight clusters as candidates for "disputed claim" status. This approach results in fairly high precision clusters and may be adapted for large-scale data analysis.


We obtain the universal R‐matrix of the nonstandard quantum group associated to the Alexander–Conway knot polynomial. We show further that this nonstandard quantum group is related to the super‐quantum group Uq gl(1‖1) by a general process of superization, which we describe. We also study a twisted variant of this nonstandard quantum group and obtain, as a result, a twisted version of Uq gl(1‖1) as a q supersymmetry of the exterior differential calculus of any quantum plane of Hecke type, acting by mixing the bosonic xi coordinates and the forms dxi.


Introduction. The role of the agricultural industry and its grain products subcomplex as the basic functioning direction is strategically important for strengthening Ukrainian competitive positions both from the viewpoint of trade and economic relations and the determinants of political and legal nature. Indeed, grain products subcomplex of the agricultural industry is formalized as a tool to defend and meet national interests in conditions of aggravated problem of quality and safe food deficit. Moreover, favorable preconditions for grain production in Ukraine is the basis of forming of the foreign economic capacity of the agricultural industry's grain products, which can provide consistent currency revenues to the state budget.
The paper aims to research the condition and preconditions of the implementation of the foreign economic capacity of the domestic grain products subcomplex of the agricultural industry.
Results. The paper outlines the obstacles that substantially restrict the parameters of implementation of the foreign economic capacity of the agricultural industry's grain products subcomplex in Ukraine. The lack of favorable preconditions for an investor in the agricultural industry's grain products subcomplex is emphasized. The condition of implementation of the foreign economic capacity of the domestic grain products subcomplex is analyzed. Moreover, in order to understand the scales and the strategically important role of the agricultural industry's grain products subcomplex in Ukraine are presented in meeting the global need for grain, the balances of the global wheat market across main countries-exporters.
Conclusions. The functioning of the grain products subcomplex of the agricultural industry of Ukraine forms the favorable preconditions to implement its foreign economic capacity. Ratification of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement has secured the strategic reorientation of the export capacitates of the grain products subcomplex of the agricultural industry from the Russian Federation and the CIS countries towards the markets of the EU Member States. Egypt, China, and Spain hold the leading positions among the importers of domestic grain. The following factors of restriction of the parameters of foreign economic capacity implementation in the agricultural industry's grain products subcomplex should be emphasized: flawed institutional environment, low level of industry innovative-technological modernization, excessive raw materials orientation of export, poor diversification of foreign sales markets, underdeveloped chain of logistics infrastructure facilities, non-correspondence of domestic and international standards of product quality and safety certification.
Keywords: grain products complex, foreign economic capacity, agricultural industry.


When a chemical bond is broken in a dissociation reaction, the process is so rapid that its temporal evolution cannot be observed by direct measurements. In this seminar, I give a theoretical description of the molecular dissociation dynamics and introduce a technique for recording real-time snapshots of the dissociaton process with subangstrom resolution. In the end, I present an experiment that investigated the dissociation dynamics of NaI.


Setting objectives for basketball referee development is important for the whole training in terms of guiding,controlling,encouraging and assessing,which can reflect the duties of basketball referee and the requirements of management by level.The college,based on years of practice and the rule of step-by-step and by taking into account that basketball referee development should be complete,by stage,continuous,by level and by step,comes up with a set of training objectives for different levels of referee to guide specific trainings.Lots of excellent college student basketball referees have been developed through course teaching,training class,level-1 referee certification training,social practice and etc.


The Ramanujan AGM continued fraction is a construct enjoying attractive algebraic properties, such as a striking arithmetic-geometric mean (AGM) relation and elegant connections with elliptic-function theory. But the fraction-also presents an intriguing computational challenge. Herein we show how to rapidly evaluate R for any triple of positive reals a, b,η. Even in the problematic scenario when a ≈ b certain transformations allow rapid evaluation. In this process we find, for example, that when a η = b η = a rational number, R η is essentially an L-series that can be cast as a finite sum of fundamental numbers. We ultimately exhibit an algorithm that yields D good digits of R in O(D) iterations where the implied big-O constant is independent of the positive-real triple a, b,η. Finally, we address the evidently profound theoretical and computational dilemmas attendant on complex parameters, indicating how one might extend the AGM relation for complex parameter domains.


The functional unity in a nerve cell is shown by what tran-spires when an axon is sectioned. The peripheral detached portion of the axon undergoes degeneration, and there are reversible chromatolytic changes in the cell body proper, alterations which are well known.


Abstract : Human form dummies may be used as targets in some types of training exercises. In order to assess performance on target, it may be necessary to know the time and location of all impacts upon the targets. A sparring dummy can provide a desirable target as well as house an impact reporting system.A low-cost, self-contained impact reporting system has been designed within the form factor of a sparring dummy. The design goal of this system was to detect and report the location of every high-speed impact upon the target. The embedded system consisted of the sensors, interface circuitry, data acquisition hardware, power supply, and an embedded host processor with wireless communication to a central server.


University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. August 2011. Major: Clinical Laboratory science. Advisor: Michael R. Verneris, MD. 1 computer file (PDF); vi, 46 pages.


The invention discloses a robot collision detection system based on a thin film circuit. The robot collision detection system based on the thin film circuit comprises a fixed support fixed to a robot, an intelligent barrier recognizing assembly installed on the fixed support, and exterior outline rubber wrapping the intelligent barrier recognizing assembly and the fixed support. The intelligent barrier recognizing assembly is composed of the thin film conductive circuit and a conductive rubber strip, wherein the thin film conductive circuit is installed on the fixed support and can deform and curve, the conductive rubber strip is arranged between the exterior outline rubber and the thin film conductive circuit, and the conductive rubber strip is deformed after being stressed so that the thin film conductive circuit can be connected. According to the robot collision detection system based on the thin film circuit, after a moving robot collides with barriers in the advancing process, the robot can recognize the barriers in the left direction, the middle direction and the right direction and then stops or avoids the barriers, and therefore the protection capacity of the robot is improved.


The present study tested the effectiveness of a four-week, school-based, universal cognitive-behavioural stress prevention programme. The prevention programme included short daily exercises which were adopted from two well-validated anti stress trainings. The daily exercises took approximately 10−15 minutes on average and were performed during regular classroom sessions. Half of the classes were randomly assigned to the prevention group (n = 80), while the other half were sorted into the non-treatment control group, which did not take part in the stress prevention programme (n = 73). The students' physical and psychological stress-related symptoms were assessed five times (i.e., prior to the training and after each week of training). Their coping strategies, self-efficacy and self-control were also measured. It was hypothesized that in the prevention group students' physical and psychological stress-related symptoms would significantly decrease over time, compared to the non-treatment control group. Contrary to our predictions, the prevention programme did not lead to statistically significant changes in physical or psychological stress-related symptoms. The students' coping strategies, self-efficacy and self-control did not have an influence on the result patterns. The results indicate that short-term stress prevention programmes may not be as effective as long-term programmes.


Introduction: in view of the high incidence of skin cancer, where treatments with ionizing radiation are used, particularly with SENSUS SRT-100 TM equipment at Oncology Patient Care Center of Pinar del Rio, and the known need to improve the prevention of incidents and accidents related to this practice, an advanced risk-analysis approach, similar to that proposed by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine, was applied using the SECURE MR-FMEA code. Objective: to develop a risk study for superficial radiotherapy with SENSUS SRT 100 TM that identifies the modes and causes of failures associated with the treatment, which allow the use of applications that optimize the safety and quality of the practice. Methods: the prospective method of failure modes and effect analysis, regarding superficial treatments with SENSUS SRT-100 TM through the applications developed by means of the SECURE MR-FMEA code. Results: the process map was designed with its sub-processes and respective stages by a multidisciplinary team created at Oncology Patient Care Center in Pinar del Rio, assisting the global comprehension of the activity and determining the risk profile and specific failure trees (supported by the benefits of the SECURE MR-FMEA program), to create defense measures and developing activities that decreased the risk after the application of the reassessment. Conclusions: the risk study carried out in superficial radiotherapy made possible to strengthen the safety and quality of the treatments delivered at the Oncology Patient Care Center of Pinar del Rio, allowing the future assessments


Viscous scale effects on cavitation inception were systematically investigated using several series of axisymmetric bodies, two dimensional foil sections and propellers. Tests included LDV flow measurement, oil film flow visualization, surface mean and and fluctuating pressure measurement, thrust, torque and noise measurement and cavitation observation. Theoretical computation was also performed. LDV flow measurement was successfully used to determine the thin boundary-layer transition as a supplementary flow visualization measure, by which a regular size effect on boundary-layer transition on the Schiebe bodies was revealed. The similar size effect on transition on propeller models was also found by the oil film method. A quasi-critical Reynods number was defined to analyze this size effect on transition. A much thicker separtated bubble was measured on the hemispherical model for a Reynolds number of ReD = 1.68 x 106. Typical scaling trends for travelling bubble cavitation and attached small bubble-band cavitation on hydrofoils were observed. The preliminary result dof the blackboard paint used a tripping device was encouraging. From the very limited propeller cavitation data, the Reynolds numer exponent n of propeller tip vortex cavitation sclaing rules was found to be dependent upon the blade surface condition, the state of development of TVC and the thrust loading of propeller models.


In this paper, a narrowband interference (NBI) mitigation scheme for ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) signals using multiple receive antennas is examined. The low spatial fading of UWB signals relative to NBI signals is exploited to provide "interference selection diversity". Whereas classical selection diversity is designed to maximize the desired received signal power, the aim of interference selection diversity is to minimize the effective NBI power. Expressions for the probability of error of the selection diversity scheme are derived for both Rayleigh and Ricean NBI fading scenarios. The improvement in received signal-to-interference ratio is also mathematically investigated. It is shown that doubling the number of antennas results in a 3-dB performance improvement for the Rayleigh fading case. Less substantial gains are observed under Ricean fading.


High copper prices have not led to a place for this metal in the debate about mineral scarcity, while copper is a base metal which has many uses and is vital for developments in the energy transition. In this research the global copper system is examined from the perspective of the development of supply and demand and the effects structural and parametric uncertainties in the system have on the development of behaviour in this system. The question immediately arises: What are the effects of parametric and structural uncertainties on the possible future behaviour of the copper system? The research approach is Exploratory System Dynamics Modelling and Analysis (ESDMA) and the period the copper system is examined is 2000 till 2050. For the analysis three different System Dynamics (SD) models were built, with regard to existing literature about the structure and functioning of the different elements in the copper system. These models were connected to a python shell to perform the Exploratory Model Analysis (EMA). The effects of a specific ESDMA structure, a randomised economic feed, were first tested in this research. The conclusions were that, mainly due to the fact that this feed mainly influenced stocks in the system, the system behaviour was not significantly different due to this feed. Henceforth the other experiments were performed without the economic feed. During the interpretation of these experiments it became clear that a mistake were made in the experimental setup. The lower bounds for the four coefficients relevant for the Recycling Input Rate (RIR) were taken too low, causing the RIR in effect to have an overly low modus, as well as a lower average value for the copper consumption. While this potentially could have changed the behaviour of the system, a new experiment with the corrected bounds has let to similar outcomes. The behavioural conclusions of these experiments are that the copper consumption is likely to decline slowly in the coming 40 years. This reduction in consumption also leads to very high Reserve over Production (R/P) ratios. The system has further a high risk for volatile price movements, caused by a disbalance between copper supply and demand. This and the importance of copper for our economy make it a vulnerable resource, which needs to be monitored more closely. Six different policy designs were tested in this research to try to counter potential unwanted effects in the copper system. These policies were designed from the perspective of European stakeholders. Performing experiments with these policies has lead to the conclusion that policies aiming at improving the collection rate of copper products at their end of life in combination with improving the Recycling Efficiency Rate (RER) leads on average to lower copper prices. The copper price volatility was lowered by a policy regarding the implementation of a strategic reserve.


Building in the immediate aftermath of a disaster affects not only our psychological construct but also the visionary charge of physical redevelopment, an argument Terry Smith delves into in his latest book The Architecture of Aftermath. Constructed as a twopart critique, his ambition is to deconstruct the late-twentieth-century phenomenon of ''destination architecture'' and the circumstances surrounding the reconstruction of Downtown Manhattan's Ground Zero and its Freedom Tower, symbolizing the events of September 11, 2001. Here, both are understood as results of the aftermath of modernity. This deconstruction takes place through the deciphering of the iconomy, an aggregation of the words ''icon (meaning image, symbol, or emblem), economy (in the original Greek sense of organizing one's house), and the Greek eidos (meaning knowledge obtained through sight or vision)'' (Gill, Pitt Magazine, University of Pittsburgh, Fall 2006). ''Destination architecture'' is recognizable as a symbol of Western democracy and capitalism, and the author selects four examples whose forms have radically reshaped not only the contemporary forms of architecture but also their local economies ''animated by spectacularity'' (p. 23): Bilbao's Guggenheim Inc. by Frank Gehry, Los Angeles's Getty Center by Richard Meier, Berlin's Holocaust Museum by Daniel Libeskind, and Jørn Utzon's Sydney Opera House examined in parallel to Uluru (Ayers Rock), symbolizing Australia's modern image juxtaposed to its eternally present Aboriginal other. It is not a coincidence that three of the four projects investigated are museums, the most important building type to emerge at the end of the twentieth century, and each is built on a site charged with political, economic, or geological instability. Smith speculates on a bleak future for destination architecture produced by the iconomy and its spectacle of excess and opulence. He envisions the future of Gehry's museum as an abandoned cathedral, once interest in traveling to Bilbao wanes, while Meier's complex ''rehearses the idea of the modern city as a graceful ruin'' (p. 66). Iconography is elusive and, in the modern world, can be abstract. Architecture has a complicated relationship to its context, and in the case of the Guggenheim and Getty, the subject of art presents very different problems than those surrounding memorials to the Holocaust and now the events of September 11, 2001. The early scheme for Ground Zero was publicly criticized as suffering from banality resulting from a ''set of constraints that mixed pre-9/11 greed and arrogance with post-9/11 shock and traumatic retreat'' (p. 168).The initial building design response was premature, as was Diller and Scofidio's sentiment ''Don't erase the erasure.'' Neither proposal offered a realistic solution to the problem(s) of what to build next.These early proposals are symptomatic of shock theory as outlined by Naomi Klein in The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism. She writes, ''Disaster capitalism is an attempt to push through policies in the chaos and disorientation that follow a disaster—policies that wouldn't stand a chance during normal, non-disastrous circumstances'' (Metropolitan Books, 2007). Smith questions, ''Is it, now, a time to retreat to what it is that architecture can uniquely do, to return to roots—in the housing of peoples, in the construction of community?'' (p. 15). This is a question that can be posed as much for the rebuilding of Downtown Manhattan as it is for the rebuilding of New Orleans. Smith's desire for an architectural process that goes beyond the usual shaping by egos, profits, and the desire to produce an icon could be seen in the extraordinarily public responses to the master plan and memorial competitions for the Ground Zero site. Subject to the forces of design by committee, value engineering, urban politics, and real estate necessity, Daniel Libeskind's World Trade Center scheme cannot sustain an effort of ''interrogatory architecture.'' Symbolism is a double-edge sword prompting both positive and negative images and memories; reframed in the context of a post–September 9, 2001, world, the icon is recast as a liability. The image of the city as a coconspirator in its own visual culture could be made more explicit in Smith's book, especially with respect to Manhattan's unfailing capability to produce and its desire to build new monuments. Contemporary iconography has been radically reconfigured in this newly constructed ''borderful'' world of the surveillance society as was seen by the endless streaming video of the towers' collapse. Despite malicious attacks and effects so spectacular, they seemed not real; urban attacks predate Smith's modern angst. Tom Vanderbilt in Survival City (Princeton Architectural Press, 2002), published just shortly after September 11, points out the critical relationship throughout history between war and urban planning, where the struggle for domination of one culture over another exists through an interdependence of destruction and rebuilding. Manhattan absorbed the aerial attacks; it rebounded, and today


Drilling and cutting results using high brightness Nd:YAG lasers are presented and compare with that of conventional Nd:YAG lasers. Materials tested include superalloys, intermetallics, and composites. The master-oscillator-power- amplifier (MOPA) laser system has an average power of 100 W and about 1.2 diffraction-limited beam quality. It is Q- switched and/or modelocked. Hence pulse lengths are in the hundreds of picoseconds to hundreds of nanoseconds range, resulting in beam intensities of 108 - 109 W/cm2. It is shown that the shortening of pulse length and the subsequent increase in beam intensity result in much thinner recast layers and heat affected zones (HAZ), less microcracking or delamination of materials, and much better geometry stability. Both the fundamental 1064 nm and the second harmonic wavelength of 532 nm are tested, showing substantial additional advantage for the shorter wavelength.


A KU-2 cell line derived from human renal cell carcinoma was established by an indirect culture system using the nude mouse in November, 1976. These cells have been examined from different points of view including light and electron microscopic observation, and chromosomal analysis. Histopathological characteristics of the KU-2 cell line, even after being transplanted back to nude mouse, remain similar. However, the characterization of this established cell line has not been fully elucidated. In the present experiments, attempts have been made to study the cloning of KU-2 cells and morphological feature of clones, cell growth and kinetics, and detection of the type C virus in the culture. These results suggested that the KU-2 cell line was not homogeneous but composed of a heterogeneous population of cells based on morphological difference of 6 clones and discrepancy between population doubling time and generation time when calculated from the growth curve and synchronous culture of the KU-2 cells, which may be explained by the cytotoxic effect of excess thymidine. Also the type C virus was negative in the medium.


Abstract In this paper, the complete convergence for maximal weighted sums of extended negatively dependent (END, for short) random variables is investigated. Some sufficient conditions for the complete convergence and some applications to a nonparametric model are provided. The results obtained in the paper generalize and improve the corresponding ones of Wang et al. (2014b) and Shen, Xue, and Wang (2017).


The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has caused feelings of fear and an unprecedented state of uncertainty especially for children or adults at risk.  The effects of isolation and the risk of infection can be particularly severe for those who are part of vulnerable groups, people who lack their families, and emotional or financial support. The social distancing and quarantine caused anxiety, depression, and a deterioration in physical health. A considerable number of institutionalized people do not have digital knowledge or devices to maintain virtual contact with outside world or with social services providers. In our paper we studied the effects of the interruptions or delays in the processing of application files for adoption, which occurred as a result of stopping activity of specialized social workers and institutions. Our research focused on the adoption process after the pandemic, when the procedures could be re-opened, and the children who had to wait so long, were able to meet their families again.
Our sample included a group of 30 social workers, experimented in the adoption field. A survey and an Interview Guide have been used, in order to achieve the goals and to validate the hypotheses of the research.


The tissue response after brain damage implicates the cellular "activation" of astrocytes and microglia. This glial response is referred as reactive gliosis. Using immunohistochemical markers, we have analyzed the neuronal and glial response to some neurotoxic‐induced lesions. We have compared the effects of two glutamate analogs, AMPA and kainic acid, with those of traumatic injury.


The primary aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of different organizational identification profiles. Hypotheses based on the social identity approach and the literature on organizational commitment were formed and tested in a sample gathered from employees of 20 shipyard subcontractors. The results supported the idea that different subgroup characteristics (prestige, contact, and size) may be used to explain four different combinations of subgroup identification (with the subcontractor) and superordinate identification (with the shipyard). However, contrary to our hypotheses, none of the variables concerning relationships between the subgroups (intergroup competition, intergroup contact and perceived discrimination) emerged as significant predictors.


Economic and social development of developing countries, national, is only possible with the help of efficient human resource Nurses are the largest health care organizations in human resources, the importance of health promotion Community and organizational commitment as the basis for their loyalty and service to society resulted in an energy Service quality and economic development. This cross-sectional study of 400 participants to examine the organizational commitment of nurses on Nurses working in health centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 1391 was designed and implemented. Sampling was random and demographic information questionnaire for data collection and the obligation Statistical software used in enterprise and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics SPSS16 Were analyzed. The overall mean of organizational commitment than 52/6%, respectively. Of the total sample, the prevalence of very low commitment, low commitment, dedication and commitment to the very top, 2/3 percent (n=9), 64/5 percent (258 patients), 32/5 percent (130 cases) and 0/8% (n=3), respectively. The average organizational commitment of nurses, managers is required to consider the factors affecting organizational commitment.


The main purpose of national security - is to create and maintain the necessary level of protection of the vital interests of all security objects that would guarantee favorable conditions for the safe development of the individual and society.


Introduction Methods for Agrotechnology Transfer Trial-and-Error Analogy Systems Analysis and Simulation IBSNAT IBSNAT Products The Global Network The Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) Acceptance and Adoption Global Application Local Examples Potchefstroom, South Africa Chiang Mai, Thailand Lushnja, Albania Hawaii, U.S Options to Replace Sugarcane Site Selection for Cabbage Production Lessons Learned ICASA (International Consortium for Agricultural Systems Applications) Summary References


Words with Shi radicals carry rich Chinese historical and cultural information.Through a systematic carding and analysis over words in Radical Shi of Exegesis of Chinese Characters,the paper carries out a new exploration of the complicated and diversified ancient ideological and cultural connotations that are embedded in them.


BACKGROUND: Several methods are used to induce mental fatigue; predominantly the modified Stroop task, which arguably has little relation to daily lifestyle tasks.
AIM: To investigate the influence of the modified Stroop task on mental fatigue, boredom and motor response times.
METHOD: 15 subjects (24.3±2.3 years) completed a 30-min modified Stroop task (control condition: 30-min reading) and completed PRE, POST and POST 5-min subjective ratings of mental fatigue, mental effort and boredom. Participants' ability to use congruent and inhibit incongruent precues in a choice reaction time task (CRTT) was measured pre- and post- Stroop and control.
RESULTS: Significantly higher subjective ratings of pre-post condition mental fatigue (pre:2.43±1.31 AU, post: 6.42±2.08 AU,p 0.05) and boredom (PRE: 1.94±1.52 AU, POST: 3.32 ± 1.66 AU,p>0.05). No significant differences were found between conditions for the extent to which participants' response times were affected by congruent (p=0.481) or incongruent (p=0.225) precues.
CONCLUSION: Future research must adopt cognitive activities with higher contextual interference for greater ecological validity, and elucidate the impact of rest on recovery from mental fatigue.


We have examined the endocytic trafficking of epitope-tagged δ and μ opioid receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. These receptors are activated by peptide agonists (enkephalins) as well as by the alkaloid agonist drugs etorphine and morphine. Enkephalins and etorphine cause opioid receptors to internalize rapidly (t1/2 ~ 6 min) by a mechanism similar to that utilized by a number of other classes of receptor, as indicated by localization of internalized opioid receptors in transferrin-containing endosomes and inhibition of opioid receptor internalization by hypertonic media. Remarkably, morphine does not stimulate the rapid internalization of either δ or μ opioid receptors, even at high concentrations that strongly inhibit adenylyl cyclase. These data indicate that agonist ligands, which have similar effects on receptor-mediated signaling, can have dramatically different effects on the intracellular trafficking of a G protein-coupled receptor.


Since the reform and opening,a large amount of surplus labors in countryside have been moving to cities.The peasants working in cities have made great contributions to the socialist construction.Although they have an advantage in physical strength,endurance and age,they are poor in education and laboring skill and slow to adapt to the new technology.Under the background of practicing the view of scientific development and constructing a harmonious socialist society,we should optimize the current training system of migrant workers.Nevertheless,this cannot be done without the legal guarantee.


Let f(z) and g(z) be two non-constant meromorphic functions in C,satisfying the condition E-(∞,f)=E-(∞,g) and E-(a,f(n))=E-(b,g(n)) with n a positive integer and a,b two nonzero complex numbers.The results of uniqueness are obtained by imposing certain conditions on the growth of some counting functions of their derivatives.


There is a civil and legal responsibility for electronic information and data collection centers and is often a contractual liability, unless it leads to a serious breach and harm to the user. Responsibility is transferred to a tort liability, and communication companies and social networking companies learn that and in their usage agreements electronically Unfair or incomprehensible to absolve itself of any liability you may expect, but the fact that these terms and employment agreements are similar in the compliance contracts and the conditions of compliance which the user can only accept in total Otherwise, the contract is not contracted, and it is forced to agree and sign (I agree). Does this contract or agreement absolve the truth of its responsibility for violating the privacy of the electronic user, and is it entitled to collect data and information available therein.The information filters were initially e-mail such as yahoo and then Google and then via social media such as face book, what is up and the information in it, then the search engines and then social information and finally the mobile numbers and the number of people in the world, Who are those? What will they use all this information ??? How to deal with programs, filtering, storage and programming websites for the future ??? All questions have one answer to those who own Internet resources, but really have we thought about this? We have provided an effective legal system to address it. Keywords: Civil Law, Civil Liability, Electronic Privacy DOI : 10.7176/JLPG/85-06 Publication date :May 31 st 2019


The author extends previous work through a series of exploratory mass calculations of relevance to meson spectroscopy. He considers a definition for a kinetic quark mass and the order-1/ma2 correction to the qq static potential due to creation and annihilation of virtual qq pairs. He also obtains the spectrum of his order-1/ma2 meson effective Hamiltonian in a reduced basis of states consisting of a static quark and antiquark separated by one lattice spacing, with the gluonic field in its ground state.


This paper studied the game theory about that the listed companies used internal control disclosure as signal under the condition of incomplete information, constructed a signal game model to analyze the internal control information disclosure problem under the condition of incomplete information. It also proposed some policy Suggestions to inspire the listed companies to disclose internal control message veritably.


Teenage pregnancy has become a major policy issue, for which young people are often publicly held solely responsible. However, a combination of factors substantially increases the risks of conception faced by young people engaging in early sexual activity. This article reports the main findings of a study of teenage pregnancy in linked seaside and rural areas, focusing on the experiences and perceptions of young people living in rural localities. They identify the issues of immobility, visibility and attitudes of stigma as affecting their ability to access sexual health services. The young people highlighted issues for service and policy development and the behaviour of professionals, both within schools and from sexual health services. Education, social and health services and the voluntary sector have important roles to play in responding to their needs.


This paper reports a bimorph piezoelectric vibration energy harvester incorporating multiple PZT layers. The advantage of a multi-layer generator is that it produces a higher power than a single-layer generator having the same total thickness. In addition, a lower voltage is required to polarize a multi-layer generator reducing the risk of breakdown during polarization. Moreover, the optimum resistive load of a multi-layer generator is much lower than that of a single-layer generator, which makes it easier to couple to the electrical domain. In this work, it was found, experimentally, that a double-layer generator produces 41.5% and 19.4% more power than a singlelayer generator with the same total thickness of PZT and resonant frequency. This was verified theoretically. The generators have been fabricated by screen printing which is attractive for low cost mass production.


Abstract Photographs of Dental casts provide the basis for digitization of major dental landmarks, enabling computerization of such descriptive parameters of occlusion as symmetry, mesiodistal relationships, overbite, overjet, curve of Spee, tooth/arch discrepancies, Bolton ratios, and rotations. Computing services used in this research were provided by the Computer Center, University of Illinois Chicago Circle Campus.


Erythromycin B, an acid-stable co-metabolite of the important antibiotic erythromycin A, differs from erythromycin A only in the absence of a hydroxyl group at C12, yet it has never been licensed for clinical use. We describe an NMR-based analysis of the conformation of erythromycin B, both free in aqueous solution and when weakly bound to bacterial ribosomes and show that it is conformationally similar to erythromycin A. The antibacterial activity of erythromycin B is shown to be similar to that of erythromycin A, but after acid-treatment, resembling exposure to the stomach, erythromycin B substantially retains antibacterial activity, whereas erythromycin A does not.


This paper deals with broaches the paradigms of the environmental utopia of the sustainability cities, arguing about the sustainability concept, allied with the economicist transference of the term competitiveness, understanding that development strategies must support themselves in progressive investiments on achieving better life quality indicators, based on internacional levels. It treats about the


The coal and rock dynamic disasters occur more and more frequently in deep mining, which is tightly correlated to the instability of coal pillars under high stress and cyclic disturbance load. In this study, the strength, deformation behaviors, and failure mechanism of coal under cyclic loading in a high‐stress state were investigated by considering the influence of cyclic loading rate. The experimental results indicate that the compressive strength is positively correlated with the cyclic loading rate, and the deformation patterns, AE amplitude, and spatial evolution are the same under various cyclic loading rates. The damage variable shows the "slow increase→fast increase→slow increase→ fast increase →slow increase→fast increase→rapid increase" trend. The damage growth rate ranges from 9.32 × 10−5 to 4.86 × 10−3, and increases with the cyclic loading rate. The spatial fractal dimensions under various cyclic loading rates are the same, and the distribution ranges from 2.1 to 2.9, showing a general downward trend. The microfailure mechanism under various cyclic loading rates is mixed failure dominated by tensile failure, with a small amount of shear failure. There is a positive correlation between the percentage of shear cracks and the cyclic loading rates.


SUMMARY Lewy body dementia is considered as the second cause between degenerative dementias. Almost 30% of the elderly between 60 and 90 years old has Lewy body dementia. This disease share some characteristics with Alzheimer's


An algorithm is presented which allows the computation of the transfer function of a singular system from its state-space description, without inverting a polynomial matrix. This algorithm is an extension of the Leverrier algorithm for the more general case of singular systems and it reduces the computational cost.


This work reports the thermal annealing influence on the radiation resistance of a graded-index multimode optical fiber, which was doped with fluorine and investigated by radiation-induced attenuation (RIA). © 2020 The Author(s)


In this article, a transfer function-based modelling is proposed to investigate voltage oscillation phenomena, i.e. over-voltage at the motor terminal, associated with pulse-width modulation (PWM) inverter-fed motor drives with long feeding cables. As such, the long feeding cable is assumed to be a distortionless transmission line; then, a bounce diagram and time-harmonic method are utilised to derive a simple model with a minimum computational burden that is easy to realise using the Matlab/Simulink software package. Furthermore, the model takes account of the inverter output and the motor terminal filters, which are commonly used to suppress the motor terminal over-voltage. The model accuracy is verified by a comparison with the circuit-oriented software, OrCAD/PSpice, simulation results.


The aim of this research is to prove that chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture could be used as media hybrid and retain pH media before and after primary cell has formed.
The result showed that in CEF cell culture, pH medium in range of 7,35-7,64; where as in mouse macrophage culture 7,33-8,51, before and after primary cell has formed. The growth of cell hybrid in CEF cell culture is 28,53-54,17 % (transformation 5,351-7,394), where as in mouse macrophage culture is 0-5,21 % (transformation 0,707-2,385).


Tactile Studio is a design agency for universal design in arts and culture. Tactile experiences are essential for people with visual impairm ents and gr eatly assist many people with cognitive disabilities. Tactile experiences should be included in every exhibition. Children, older adults, people with language diff iculties or fr om diff erent cultural backgr ounds..To name an audience who will not benefit fr om these designs is impossible. Pioneers in France, the nation's top museums have entrusted their collections to our expertise in inclusive art mediation.


The exponential growth in data-driven applications like artificial intelligence and metaverse poses an increasing demand for integrated optical interconnects with efficient and cost-effective high-capacity solutions. For short-reach optical interconnects dominated by intensity-modulated direct detection (IM-DD), high-speed and large-capacity transmission enabled by high-bandwidth electro-optic devices is always highly desired. In this article, based on a thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) modulator with a 3-dB bandwidth larger than 110 GHz fabricated by ourselves, we experimentally demonstrate ultrahigh-speed optical interconnects with probabilistic shaping pulse amplitude modulation (PS-PAM) signals. With linear pre-equalization and Volterra nonlinear equalizer (VNLE), a 120 Gbaud PS-PAM16 signal with a bit rate up to 408 Gb/s is generated. Compared to the regular-PAM8 signal with the same bit rate of 360Gb/s, the PS-PAM signal demonstrates a receiver sensitivity gain of 2.2 dB. With the help of VNLE, 384.5 Gb/s PS-PAM16 signal can be transmitted over 500 m standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) at the C band. The ultra-broadband TFLN enabled transmission provides a promising solution for future 400G per wavelength data-center interconnects.


This research investigates the effectiveness of using a technology-centric flexible learning environment to teach
a tertiary level introductory information systems course. The subjects for the study were students who were
enrolled in two similar courses: 1) a group using traditional teaching and learning methods only, and 2) a group
using a flexible learning approach incorporating extensive use of web technology. The course content, lecturer,
textbook and assessment were the same for each group. The results show that there were significant differences
in academic performance between the two student cohorts. Student tertiary entrance scores and computer
playfulness were also identified as important predictors of academic performance.


The intensity of climatic changes and human activities is increasing every year. The general consequence of these processes for freshwater ecosystems can be a dissolved oxygen decrease. There is also a possibility of a reduction in geomagnetic field intensity due to a reversal of the Earth's magnetic poles. It is assumed that the magnetic poles' reversal may proceed relatively quickly and coincide with global climatic changes. To evaluate the influence of these processes on aquatic organisms, we studied the effects of different dissolved oxygen levels (2 mg/L, 5 mg/L, and 8 mg/L) under the geomagnetic field (51.7 ± 0.2 μT) and hypomagnetic field (0 ± 0.2 μT) on the model freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna Straus. It was found that reduced oxygen levels and the hypomagnetic field led to a decrease in the sizes of parental females, a reduction in the number of produced offspring, and an increase in the period between broods. The newborns from the first brood in the hypomagnetic field were larger than that from the geomagnetic field. The dissolved oxygen level and magnetic environment affected the age of the first brood release and caudal spine length. The results imply that the probable coincidence of the geomagnetic pole reversal and the decrease in the dissolved oxygen level due to global climatic and geophysical processes will have a more negative impact on freshwater crustaceans than the occurrence of these processes at different times.


Errors-in-variables is a long-standing, difficult issue in linear regression; and progress depends in part on new identifying assumptions. I characterize measurement error as bad-leverage points and assume that fewer than half the sample observations are heavily contaminated, in which case a high-breakdown robust estimator may be able to isolate and down weight or discard the problematic data. In simulations of simple and multiple regression where eiv affects 25% of the data and R-squared is mediocre, certain high-breakdown estimators have small bias and reliable confidence intervals.


India is facing a big debate on various social, economic and political issues which remained around corruption and poverty; how they can be eradicated from our society. Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) is the most populous state of our country with over 16.4 % of countries total population. Moreover with 9% of the country's total geographical area, U.P. is the 4th largest state of our country. The median age of U.P. is 20 whereas that of India is young 24 years as in 2011. Though U.P. is the youngest state in India and has a rich cultural heritage but when it comes to literacy and gross enrolment in higher education, it is far behind other states. In order to create a responsible environment, management education can work as a very effective tool. In order to tackle the challenges faced globally such as corruption, poverty and workforce diversity, the United Nations has developed Responsible management initiative. The objective of this paper is to present the structure and different channels of management education in India with special reference to U.P. state. The focus is on identifying critical factors in integrating responsible management education in Higher Educational institutions with reference to sustainable development.


The Concord High School Language Arts Department has personalized its instructional program in two ways. First, classes are grouped according to demonstrated achievement and academic need rather than grade levels. These groups are called Phases. Thus students are placed in a class, not because of the number of years in attendance, but because of instructional needs. Second, within the classroom, they pursue an individualized instructional program at their own pace. In addition, the student is given a choice of reading material. Thus the individual is considered on the basis of not only academic achievement, but also personal interests and motivation. On varying occasions the student will work as a separate person, a participant in a small group of approximately four or five, as a member of a medium-sized class of twenty-five, or sometimes a part of a large group of seventyfive to one hundred.


Though worm is randomly spread,there exists implicit causality between adjacent infected nodes.Based on the analysis of causality,we presented an improved online tracing algorithm-Bayesian network correlation algorithm to acquire worm propagation path,and analyzed and verified its accuracy and performance through simulation experiments.Experiment result indicates that the detection accuracy of Bayesian network correlation algorithm has been increased by a factor of 10% compared to that of our previous work,this improved algorithm is more suitable for online detection.


This letter proposes a rewarded access scheme that facilitates access of users to a sleeping base station (BS). In our system, an accessing user can wake up the sleeping BS upon his arrival and decides to join or balk, if his reward is greater than or equal to his waiting cost caused by set-up times of the sleeping BS. In particular, while a higher reward is given to users accessing to the sleeping BS, the BS in sleep mode earns less revenue compared to its working mode. With a game theoretic approach, this letter shows that there exists a pair of thresholds, in terms of the number of users in service or waiting, which is a pure strategy for users to take. Additionally, this letter shows the average revenue rate of a BS and how it can be maximized.


This review reports the synthesis of various bioactive macrocycles, involving ring-closing metathesis as a key step, developed since ca. 2000. These macrocycles exhibited biological activities such as antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer activities, and more. Thus, their syntheses and utilization are essential for both synthetic organic and medicinal chemists.


Nanofluids, consist of base liquid and nano-sized conductive particles, are widely acclaimed as a new generation
liquid for heat transfer applications. Since it possesses a variety of conductive particles, it can be efficiently utilized in the
heat exchanger. These nano-sized conductive particles can increase the surface area, thus the heat transfer area, and change
the thermophysical features of nanofluids. Density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and heat capacity are crucial parameters
and cannot be underestimated in heat transfer. These properties can be manipulated by the particle and base-liquid, and
significantly influence the performance of nanofluids. For the last decade, several models, equations, and investigations
were performed to examine the parameters that promote the properties. The review is necessary for terms of classifying the
studies both compatible, and contradictory on the effects of density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and heat capacity on
the performance of nanofluids.


This review addresses the use of sociological theories in the examination of low-wage work. Due to the vast volume of literature on this topic, only theories that help to explain the dynamics of low-wage work are described, along with the differences and controversies surrounding these theories. These theories are divided into four topic areas related to theories of work, racial and gender theories, immigration theories, and intersectionality theory. The theories of work include different models of wage determination, namely, functional, conflict, and structural models. The review concludes with a conceptual map that illustrates how these theories can inform and guide practice.