Introduction: Numerous studies show the involvement of the cingulate gyrus in affective disorders, particularly in depression. With a preventive and curative aim, the authors raise questions leading to therapeutic applications such as focal brain stimulation. The cingulate gyrus is the primary target of these brain stimulation therapies for the treatment of depression. The objective of this work is to establish anatomoclinical correlations and to deduce the therapeutic implications. Methodology: Our work is a review of the literature. The inventory of the cingulate gyrus and depression was based on the development of a critical synthesis of bibliographic knowledge. Results: We found a bipartite Brodmann subdivision which evolved into a subdivision into four regions of the cingulate gyrus. Descriptions of the cingulate gyrus boundaries are imprecise and divergent. The anterior end of the anterior cingulate cortex is a confirmed target of stimulation in the treatment of major and resistant depression, thus requiring the authors, a consensus in its delineation. Brodmann's area 25 has been described as the main target of brain stimulation therapies. Dysfunction by local lesion or by alteration of the connectivity of Brodmann's area has repercussions on these different structures to which it is interconnected. These disturbances when they are in the direction of collapse paint a picture similar to major depression. Conclusion: The anterior cingulate cortex is involved in depression. The functional system organization of affectivity will allow new brain stimulation techniques to act on the entire functional system or on one of its components.


The ink-jet printhead and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The disclosed ink-jet printhead includes a substrate; A first insulating layer formed on the surface of a substrate; A first insulating layer formed apart from each other up and down over the first and second conductors; The heater unit comprises a plurality of conductors connecting layer for electrically connecting the first lead and the second lead; A second insulating layer formed between the first lead and the second lead; To be provided at the top of the substrate, the partition wall defining the ink chamber; And that provided in the upper portion of the partition wall forming the top wall of the ink chamber, the nozzle plate is formed, the nozzle; and a. According to this invention, such as by forming a heater by connecting the conductor layers connected to the plurality of conductors is not necessary to provide a separate resistor.


Calambus taiwanensis sp. n. is described from Taiwan, as the first record of the genus Calambus. This species is distinguished from its congeners by the male antennae extending beyond the apex of the pronotal hind angles by two apical antennomeres, antennomere III obconical and slightly longer than II, male aedeagus not expanded apically and without lateral subapical barbs, female genitalia with robust baculum and bursa copulatrix without sclerotized piece. The species is not included in any group suggested in past studies. A key to the five genera of the tribe Prosternini from Taiwan is provided.


Statistical literacy skills have an essential role in various fields of life, one of which is education. This study describes students' statistical literacy skills in solving PISA model questions. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative. The research subjects were students of class VIII Junior High School. Collecting data in this study using tests and interviews. The purposive sampling technique was used to sample 6 students, categorized into three, namely high, medium, and low. Data analysis was carried out using the Mile and Huberman model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results showed that students in the high and medium categories met all indicators of statistical literacy skills, namely understanding information, processing data, interpreting data, and evaluating. Students in the low category cannot master the evaluation indicators due to several internal factors.


Ecological footprint provides a big picture analysis to compare human demands on natural capital with the ability of supply of natural capital.But the conventional ecological footprint analysis which is based on global hectare could not well and truly calculate the eco-footprints of middle and small spatial scale,such as national or sub-national scale.Because of the diversity which exists in the productivity among land of different provinces and different counties in a province,at national or sub-national scale,equivalence factor and yield factor that complexly show territorial natural condition and socioeconomic circumstance can deliver apparent differences in a certain year.Ecological footprint analysis based on sub-national hectare was established in this article.Based on the "sub-national hectare" framework,this paper addresses two conceptual issues that determine model design: the specific meaning and measurement of equivalence factor and yield factor.To overcome obstacle that biomass yielded different lands can not be added directly,caloric value embodied in unit biomass was innovatively introduced to calculate equivalence factors and yield factors.Equivalence factors and yield factors of biologically productive land and water in the year 2005,using the example of Zhejiang province,were calculated through this method.According to the calculation results,the equivalence factors of Zhejiang of 2005 were that: cropland was 2.82s-nha/ha;pasture was 0.11s-nha/ha;forest was 0.35s-nha/ha;fishery water was 0.17s-nha/ha and so on.Yield factors of counties in the Zhejiang province were different to each other,e.g.,cropland yield factor changed from 0.66 in Zhoushan to 1.73 in Jiaxing;pasture yield factor changed from 0.12 in Zhoushan to 8.57 in Jiaxing;forest yield factor changed from 0.02 in Zhoushan to 2.81 in Huzhou;fishery yield factor changed from 0.31 in Zhoushan to 2.84 in Jiaxing,which indicate the diversity of the productivity among land of different counties in a province.The results gained from "sub-national hectare" framework,differed from figures which universally prevail in "global hectare" and measure in "national hectare".Through the analysis of that on detail,it recognized that values of equivalence factors and yield factors achieved in this paper delivered the actual circumstances of Zhejiang province.As a result,this method can now demonstrate a simple and valid process to achieve a clear and factual result,and can be generalized to analyze the national eco-footprints;equivalence factors and yield factors corresponded to sub-national hectare should be used to analyze ecological footprint and biological capacity at sub-national scale.


Lateritic soils of Western Niger Delta have been classified as immature laterites. Repeated vehicular loading on soils tends to result in deterioration of soil construction qualities. In this
study, lateritic soils from the Western Niger Delta were investigated to determine the effects of vehicular loading which was simulated by subjecting the soils to series of repeated laboratory compaction cycles. The engineering index properties were determined after the specified cycles. The results of the study on A-2 and A-7 soil types from the area revealed that there were different degrees of particle breakdown with increasing compaction cycles. The polynomial equation best explains the effects of compaction cycles on the percentage of fines and liquid limit. Different equations have been developed to relate the effects of compaction cycles on percent fines and liquid limit.


MOERK, ERNST L. Processes of Language Teaching and Training in the Interactions of Mother-Child Dyads. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1976, 47, 1064-1078. The verbal interactions of 20 mothers with their children, who were between 1.9 and 5.0 years old, were recorded and analyzed. The recordings were done in the home to increase ecological validity. The results indicated that mothers actively teach all aspects of language, including syntax and morphology. The interactional structures employed in the course of this teaching encompass feedback cycles and calibration processes. The mother-child dyad is therefore described as a self-regulating and relatively closed system. It is suggested that the amount, the type, and the timing of the observed teaching/training processes represent significant variables affecting the process of first language acquisition.


In the last years the standards for professional handling of hazardous material as well as health and safety in the veterinary practice became considerably more stringent. This is expressed in various safety regulations, particularly the decree of hazardous material and the legislative directives concerning health and safety at work. In part 1, a definition based on the law for hazardous material is given and the potential risks are mentioned. The correct documentation regarding the protection of the purchase, storage, working conditions and removal of hazardous material and of the personal is explained. General rules for the handling of hazardous material are described. In part 2, particular emphasis is put on the handling of flammable liquids, disinfectants, cytostatica, pressurised gas, liquid nitrogen, narcotics, mailing of potentially infectious material and safe disposal of hazardous waste. Advice about possible unrecognized hazards and references is also given.


Fate is a ubiquitous supernatural belief, spanning time and place. It exerts a range of positive and negative effects on health, coping, and both action and inaction (Franklin et al., 2007; Parker, Brewer, & Spencer, 1980; Specht, Egloff, & Schmukle, 2011). Despite these consequences, research aimed at understanding the antecedents of a belief in fate is surprisingly sparse, focusing on historical sociocultural sources, such as religious and cultural experiences (Leung & Bond, 2004; Norenzayan & Lee, 2010; Young, Morris, Burrus, Krishnan, & Regmi, 2011). Here, we examine whether belief in fate, beyond its cultural grounding, also varies with immediate situational pressures. What types of situations might predictably motivate belief in fate? We suggest that one such situation is decision difficulty. Decisions are difficult when no dominant option presents itself, either because options are not easily distinguishable or because all have pros and cons. When such decisions are also important to the decision maker and cannot be delayed, they can be stressful and aversive (Kagan, 1972). Belief in fate, defined as the belief that whatever happens was supposed to happen and that outcomes are ultimately predetermined (Norenzayan & Lee, 2010), may be especially useful when one is facing these types of difficult decisions. Deferring responsibility for complex issues and attributing events to external forces, such as governments or other powerful forces, can be psychologically palliative and can reduce stress (Laurin, Kay, & Moscovitch, 2008; Shepherd & Kay, 2012; Sullivan, Landau, & Rothschild, 2010). Fate's promise of ensuring one predestined outcome may serve a similarly palliative function, especially in contexts of decision stress. Consequently, this belief may become especially attractive (and, therefore, seemingly true; Kunda, 1990) when people are faced with important decisions that are high in difficulty. In two studies, we tested this novel hypothesis using a real-world, important, imminent decision: which candidate to vote for in the 2012 U.S. presidential election.


INTRODUCTION
Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. As water intake and its mineral content influence stone formation and recurrence, patients and physicians must be aware of the mineral content of drinkable water. We analysed commercial bottled still water within Europe to assess the variation in the mineral composition across different manufacturers and countries.

METHODS
Data on the mineral composition of bottled still water regarding bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and sulphate concentration (mg/L) were collected from ten European countries. To collect the data, the two main supermarket chains in each participating country were either visited to check for the ingredient label on bottles or the online shop was consulted through the website of the supermarket in question. Descriptive statistics like simple boxplots were used to illustrate the variation in mineral content.

RESULTS
182 different commercial water brands were analysed. Up to a fivefold variation in average concentrations per mineral between countries was observed. For calcium, a wide distribution was found in France and Switzerland compared to other countries with calcium levels ranging from 10.5 mg/L to 565 mg/L and 8.4 mg/L to 579 mg/L respectively. By consuming two litres of water with such high calcium levels, the daily reference intake for calcium is already achieved.

CONCLUSIONS
The mineral content of bottled still water across Europe varies greatly. For patients with KSD it is important to be aware of the mineral content of the water they drink as it might influence stone recurrence rates and necessitate alterations of their diet.


Spin injection from a ferromagnetic metal into a superconductor (SC) has been investigated for a long time. For conventional s-wave superconductors, spin injection is suppressed by a SC energy gap. Thermally excited quasiparticles in SC, however, can carry injected spins over long distances, as spin excitations in SCs have long lifetimes. Several novel techniques for spin injection have been developed so far. For example, the spin injection can be realized by the spin Seebeck effect under a temperature gradient, or by applying a spin pumping protocol using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) under microwave irradiation. Recently, spin injection from a ferromagnetic insulator (FI) into a SC has also been performed [1]. Although this study opens up possible applications for novel superconducting spintronic devices using FI, spin injection from a FI has been studied theoretically only in Ref. [2] in the context of the damping in the FMR experiments. In the present study [3], we considered a bilayer system composed of a s-wave singlet SC and a FI as shown in Fig. 1(a), and calculated the spin current induced by the spin Seebeck effect or spin pumping, using the perturbation theory with respect to the interface exchange interaction. In Fig. 1(b), we show the temperature dependence of the spin current induced by spin pumping. Here the temperature of the bilayer system and the spin current are normalized by the SC transition temperatures TC and the spin current for a normal metal, respectively. For small excitation frequency Ω, the spin current is enhanced below the SC transition temperature due to a coherent factor in analogy with the NMR measurement. For ħΩ < 2Δ(T = 0) ≈ 3.54kBTC, the spin current is strongly reduced at low temperatures (kBT ≪ 2Δ(T), because spin-flip excitations in the SC are suppressed due to the energy gap 2Δ in the one-electron excitation spectrum, where Δ(T) is the SC energy gap (a function of the temperature T ). As Ω increases, the coherence peak becomes insignificant, while there appears a kink at the temperature satisfying 2Δ(T) = ħΩ. For ħΩ > 2Δ(T = 0), the spin current shows a plateau at a low temperature corresponding to its zero temperature value, ultimately recovering the normal state value (dashed line) as Ω increases further. We also calculated the spin current induced by the spin Seebeck effect (not shown here), and discussed the effect of the SC transition. For a realistic experimental setup, we estimated the noise power of the pure spin current following the theory developed in Ref. [4]. We have shown that the nonequilibrium spin-current noise in spin pumping experiments is much larger than the thermal noise at low temperatures, and that both noises show a coherent peak below the SC transition temperature. Finally, we proposed a possible experimental setup to measure the spin current and its noise obtained here, utilizing the inverse spin Hall effect in SCs. This study has been performed as a joint study extended from the previous study [4] with Mamoru Matsuo, who was a visiting professor of ISSP in the academic year 2016. This study has also been performed as a collaborated project with the French group (the leader is Thierry Martin at Aix Marseille Univ., CPT, Marseille).


In cold regions, air intake louvers are installed on buildings so as to deflect foreign matter like ice and snow particles and prevent them from entering the buildings, while allowing air to pass. In this research work a CFD based parametric numerical study has been carried out to simulate the rate and shape of atmospheric ice accretion on air intake louvers and to analyse the effects of various geometric parameters of louvers such as: placement angle, shape and size on the resultant ice accretion. It was concluded that ice mainly accretes at the front and top sides of the louver surface. It was also found that the rate of ice accretion increase in louver angle and the spacing between the louver slats.


ROCHA, A.E. Influence of vitamin E on profylaxis and treatment of bronchopneumonia in calves. 2006. 93 f. Dissertacao de Mestrado – Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu. Bronchopneumonia of natural occurrence in calf housed calves was studied, and the influence of intramuscular administration of DL-α-tocoferol acetate on prophylaxis and treatment of this disease. Sixty male calves, with maximum age of 10 days, were evaluated, draftees to compose the experimental groups: GSV (animals without supplementation) and GCV (animals with supplementation). Supplementation was preceded by physical examination, collection of blood samples for hemogram, total protein determination and GGT, and tracheobronchial wash for cytological examination (D0). The animals were taken to the calf housing, where they remained until 21o day (D0 to D21). They were distributed, 2 2, in individual pens of 1,20m of width for 2 m of length. Independently of the group, all animals were evaluated by physical examination daily and, in presence of indicative clinical signs of bronchopneumonia (DX), they were removed out of the calf housing, evaluated for hemogram and cytology of tracheobronchial wash, and treated with enrofloxacin. During the treatment, physical examination was carried through daily and the complementary examinations, hemogram and cytology of the tracheobronchial wash were repeated one week after its ending (DY). In healthy animals, beyond the daily physical examination and complementary examinations already done on D0, hemogram and cytology of tracheobronchial wash were repeated in the last day of the experiment (D21). Occurrence of bronchopneumonia and evolution of the treatment in both studied groups were compared. The supplementation with vitamin E did not have influence on bronchopneumonia prophylaxis or treatment.


For the problems of bamboo development systems, of which boundary cannot satisfy 3 kinds common conditions, the boundary conditions is avoided by introducing class of special curve family into the present region of "stand age-diameter". With the technique of selecting measure dimension of lumber diameter properly, a well-posed two-dimensional bamboo forest dynamics system model is proposed, and the existence and uniqueness of the global classical solution are proved by colligating the technique of pulling characteristic curve, a prior estimate, structuring integral equation of initial state, iteration.


In the preceding paper, the present authors presented a q-analogue of the ADHMN construction and obtained a family of anti-selfdual configurations with a parameter q for classical SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in four-dimensional Euclidean space. The family of solutions can be seen as a q-analogue of the single BPS monopole preserving (anti-)selfduality. Further discussion is given of the relation to the axisymmetric ansatz on the anti-selfdual equation given by Witten in the late 1970s. It is found that the q-exponential functions familiar in q-analysis appear as analytic functions categorizing the anti-selfdual configurations yielded by the axisymmetric ansatz.


The need for scientific methods that allow large-scale functional studies of molecules in their natural environment is increasingly apparent. Automation in the handling and analysis of large sets of data must be considered. For this purpose Olympus has developed the scan^R Screening Station, on the basis of a custom-built screening setup that was the result of a close cooperation between Olympus and EMBL1. scan^R accommodates the demand for both throughput and reliability for functional cell-based assays and offers the flexibility needed for cutting-edge assay development. scan^R is a modular microscope-based imaging platform for scientific screening and large-scale data analysis. Based on advanced microscope technology, scan^R can perform automated image acquisition and analysis with speed and precision. It is ideally suited for a wide range of applications and can be adapted and optimized for very different requirements. Moreover, it is the perfect system for the analysis of biological samples on a variety of formats such as multiwell plates, slides or any custom-built array. The scan^R analysis module provides complex image analysis and advanced data evaluation tools. Different particle and object detection functions can be selected and combined with segmentation for efficient and robust image analysis. From these detected objects, further in-depth cytometry-oriented analysis can be carried out. Complex multiparameter data analysis schemes can be set up easily by gating and classification. Here we present two very different cell-based assays that show the broad application range and adaptability of the scan^R Screening Station.


The invention relates to a method for separating semiconductor broken silicon wafers and guide bars, in particular to a method for separating the broken silicon wafers and the guide bars generated in the solar-grade polycrystalline silicon wafer manufacture process. The separating method comprises the following steps of: placing the broken silicon wafers mixed with the guide bars in prepared aqueous solution; after the guide bars float up and the guide bars floating on the surface of the aqueous solution are fished out by a plastic sieve, taking out the broken silicon wafers and flushing with pure water, wherein the compound of the aqueous solution can be any one of 45-80% nitric acid, 20-50% aluminum chloride solution, 30-85% zinc chloride solution, 30-85% stannic chloride, 30-86% ferric chloride solution and 30-83% antimony butter solution; after the broken silicon wafers are taken out and flushed with the pure water, placing the broken silicon wafers in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for soaking for 3-15min and then taking out. The surfaces of the broken silicon wafers separated by the method are clean, and the guide bars in the broken silicon wafers can be completely removed; the method has low separation cost, low operation difficulty and high efficiency, and moreover, the aluminum chloride solution and the stannic chloride solution can be repeatedly used; and relative to manual separation, a large number of manpower resources can be saved.


Reliability coefficients were computed on two measures of flexibility in thinking (Associations IV and Object Naming) for a total sample of 113 Ss. Estimated reliabilities for test-retest were .746 for Associations IV and .611 for Object Naming. Split-half reliabilities were .707 and .717 for two separate administrations of Associations IV while for Object Naming the estimated reliabilities were .382 and .441. Intra-scorer coefficients were in the .90s while inter-scorer rs ranged from .801 to .942.


Thepaperpresents awireless personal areanetwork (WPAN)including twoBluetooth enabled measuring nodesthat delivers information about somephysiological parameters extracted fromplethysmography signals andprovides information ofindoor airtemperature andrelative humidity. Thedatafromthenodeof physiological andairparameter measurements arereceived bya smartphonedevice through Bluetooth communication. J2ME developed software assures Bluetooth devicedetection and identification, datareading, primary processing, datastorage and automatic alarm generation. Critical health status associated with theassessed personleadstoan automatic SMS generation. Elements related toheart ratevariability estimation arealso included


Abstract The entanglement of social information technologies and their users unfolds as a problem if "wrong" users enmesh with "wrong" technologies. A long-standing debate on the merits of photorealism versus non-photorealism in archaeological visualization provides an educating example of such a "problematic" or in Haraway's words, monstrous social information technology. This article shows how a closer look at the perceived monstrosities of social information technologies can help us understand how people conceptualize information, technologies, and other people and their role in information interactions as they unfold as part of information work. It shows how a lifelike photorealistic visualization together with its spectator forms a cyborg, which is a monstrous runaway "object" when it drives with its own cultural force a programme that contradicts with other programmes considered important. The parallels in the critiques of archaeological visualizations and other informational cyborgs in information research – including search engines, information systems and services – suggest usefulness of a monstrous perspective in the analysis of social information technologies in general.


An analysis of the changes to Chinese capitalism, and its global impact, in the years since the onset of global economic crisis, 2007-8


Summary of contents for the five cells.Cell no. Volumecm 0. 8995 + 0. 003 0. 884 + 0. 003 0. 881 + 0. 003 0. 9435 + 0.003 0. 840 + 0. 003['He](amagat)5.31 + 0. 055. 23 + 0. 055. 25 + 0. 054.84 + 0. 054.90 + 0. 05 [02](amagat) 0. 969 + 0. 0047.92 + 0. 02 3. 97+ 0. 01 1. 856 + 0. 0060intermolecular interaction length, it is straightforward to show that this condition holds for total gas densities up to at least several tens of amagats.For our experiment, a set of five sealed cells ( 1 cms)made of Corning 7740 (Pyrex™) glass were prepared on a high-purity gas-handling system using techniques sim-ilar to those detailed in [7, 8]. The contents of each cellare summarized in Table I. The cells were filled suc-cessively through a single glass manifold attached to thegas-handling system. Before filling, each cell was firstcooled to & 20 K by a small Bowing-liquid-helium De-war. The appropriate quantity of oxygen, admitted &om a calibrated volume at a known temperature and pres-sure, was then allowed


In recent traditional village studies, spatial distribution characteristics have gained importance as a basis for rural revitalization and holistic protection; however, the total number of such studies remains small, and these studies do not account for the specific geographical area of China's Loess Plateau. Contributing to recent efforts, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution characteristics of the traditional villages in the hilly and gully areas of northern Shaanxi and to link their distribution patterns to the conservation and development of the traditional villages. ArcGIS and GeoDetector software were used to analyze the correlation between the village distribution characteristics and the influencing factors, as well as the differences in the influence of each factor. The research results show the following: (1) The traditional villages in the hilly and gully areas of northern Shaanxi present an uneven agglomeration distribution. The Mizhi, Suide, and Jiaxian areas are the main core agglomeration areas, and Yanchuan is a secondary core agglomeration area. An outward radiation forms with the "dual-core" as a center. (2) The spatial distribution of the traditional villages is positively correlated with slope, average annual temperature, solar radiation, and population density and is negatively correlated with the distance from a river and the GDP per capita; it has a median distribution for elevation, aspect, terrain undulation, and rainfall, and the distribution of the urbanization rate fluctuates. (3) The factor detection results of GeoDetector showed that the socio-economic factors had the strongest influence, followed by the climatic factors. The influence of the geographical factors was weak; the interaction between the influencing factors was enhanced, and the interaction between the population density and the climatic factors was the most obvious. (4) In terms of the influence mechanism, this study supports the claim that "natural environmental factors are the basis for the formation of traditional villages, and socio-economic factors determine the direction of development". However, it is worth noting that the unique natural and human characteristics of the hilly and gully areas of northern Shaanxi are the fundamental reasons for the differences in the spatial distribution compared to the other regions.


Taiwan attaches great importance to the development and management of high-level talents. Through the active development of technical education, vocational training, the international exchange of personnel, the attraction of students abroad, the building of Science and Technology Zones, Taiwan greatly promotes its economic development. The experience of Taiwan may help us promote the development and management of high-level talents in Chinese Mainland.


The aim of this article is to review main issues connected with the protection of a child in the cyberspace. It indicates the issue of the scientific discourse within the key terms: cyberspace and security of an underage in the online and offline environment. In the context of his position as mass media recipient and an user of cyberspace, several threats have been indicated and allocated to two basic categories: of macro-social and individual character. Premises shaping the systems of child's security in the cyberspace have been indicated and the use of legal instruments and alternative methods in terms of specific security threats has been noted. Ultimately, current challenges to increase the effectiveness of providing security in the cyberspace for an underage were formulated.


We report on a term girl born by urgent caesarean section due to variable foetal decelerations during labour. Weight 3830 g, Apgar scores 4/6/8 (1'/5'/10') and arterial umbilical cord pH 6.89. Suffering a mild respiratory distress syndrome for the first day of life with a maximum FiO2 of 0.3, she was transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit. Transient arterial hypotension down to 29 mm Hg mean arterial pressure was rapidly corrected by two intravenous bolus administrations of 0.9% saline solution. Initially the capillary blood gases showed metabolic acidosis (pH 7.14, pCO2 30 mm Hg, BE –18 mmol/l), but recovered completely and spontaneously within 12 hours of life. No body surface cooling was applied. The neurological findings after 24 hours of life were normal and breastfeeding was started on day 2 without problems. Cranial ultrasound including doppler studies on day 2 revealed no signs of cerebral oedema or bleeding. The child was discharged to maternity in good health on day 5, but was readmitted on day 6 with obviously painful, firm, large erythematous nodules and plaques on her back, dorsal neck and upper arms (fig. 1). She was placed in the prone position and received paracetamol. Histological examination of a biopsy specimen from a nodule on her back revealed patchy fat necrosis with fat crystallisation. In addition, macrophages and foreign-body giant cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils were present in the inflammatory infiltrate (fig. 2). These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN). Additional diagnostic workup showed normal serum calcium levels of 2.2–2.6 mmol/l (1.3–1.6 mmol/l ionised calcium), no thrombocytopenia and no hyperlipidaemia. Starting on day 16, the cutaneous lesions gradually decreased in size and intensity, were less erythematous and no longer painful. The newborn was finally discharged home. At 12 weeks of age the cutaneous symptoms had resolved. She did not develop hypercalcaemia in the first year of life and neurological follow-up was excellent.


A general class of higher-order time-frequency representations, including Wigner higher-order spectra (WHOS), has been defined and studied recently as an extension of bilinear time-frequency distributions in terms of instantaneous higher-order moments of the signal. The analysis of mono- and multicomponent signals is considered using higher-order based time-frequency distributions. A computationally feasible implementation of the Wigner bispectrum and trispectrum (WHOS in the third and fourth order domain) is proposed considering one slice of the multifrequency space. The problem of cross-terms cancellation is addressed, and reduced interference distributions are defined as an extension of the Choi-Williams distribution.<<ETX>>


Abstract Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory lung disease among children and adults. Morbidity and mortality rate of asthma is raising at the rate of 10% every year inspite of availability of contemperory modern medicines. Studies show that presently majority of world population are using complementory and altenative medicines for the management of bronchial asthma. Ayurveda (Indian system of medicine) is the most popular and widely used alternative medicine. Extensive and proficient researches in the field of Ayurveda validate its efficay in the mangement of chronic diseases including asthma. The present study was designed to search a safe and effective herbal medicine for the treatment of acute attack of Bronchial Asthma and secondary objective to expand the sphere of Ayurvedic medicine by exploring the new possibilities of drug administration techniques.Hydroethanolic extract of both the polyherbal compounds were given through nebulization and their efficacy was assessed. Results showed that all groups treated with Ayurvedic compounds had significant improvent in PFT (pulmonary function test). Cough, Expectoration and ESR is markedly reduced in group treaed with Bharangyadi Ayurvedic Nebulizer whereas Wheezing, frequency of attack and severity of attack on exposure to allergens was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced in group treated with Shirishadi Ayurvedic Nebulizer.


Many industrial processes involve the processing of a single workpiece by successively passing it through a sequence of machines. The most common example is metal rolling where the metal strip of finite length is shaped by passing it through different sets of rolls and the output from one forms the input to the next and so on. In this paper, we develop a new approach to the analysis and overall control of such systems by first modelling them as a linear repetitive process with switched dynamics. The end result is control law design algorithms which can be implemented using LMI based computations.


This paper examines whether smart city programs, and information technology in general, contribute to urban competitiveness. Using regression analysis, it investigates the contribution of different metrics of the information economy, network society, online government and digital life to the competitiveness of cities. At a more general level, it seeks to measure the benefits of the application of information technology to the economic competitiveness, livability and environmental sustainability of cities. It concludes with guidance for urban development in developing countries.


The Metropolitan Region of Rosario has historically developed according to the model of "extended city"; a model that has deepened during these last fifteen years. During that time new real estate projects emerged in most all the towns of the region. They are projects based on a simple pattern of low density (wider plots and more greenery than in the city) and on the use of the private car as mean of transportation. The widespread suburbanization in the entire region reveals the limitations of the model, moving away more and more of the purpose of a sustainable urban development.


Public sector governance covers responsibility tasks in relation to the specific objectives of this sector, which are not only limited to the provision of services but include the impact of policies on the community or on society in general. New public management and new public governance in local authorities highlight the growing need for accountability towards stakeholders and the evolution of the concept of citizen, from the customer / service user to that of an active stakeholder able to contribute to the definition of company conduct. The phenomenon of the Participated Budget is identified and examined considering five fundamental criteria that have the potential to indicate aspects that are always present in the participated budgets and which at the same time must analyze the various stakeholders. In the analysis through the comparison between representative and participatory democracy, we try to highlight the right path to defining the participatory budget and the choices of the citizen. In particular, the research analyzes the main characteristics and functions of the participatory budget as an instrument of accountability. The analysis conducted is of a qualitative nature supported by the use of a case study. In particular, the phases and characteristics of the participatory budget are analyzed starting from the case of the Municipality of Collegno (Italy) in order to highlight characteristics and future prospects.


Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Encyclopedia of Internet technologies and applications / Mario Freire and Manuela Pereira, editors. p. cm. Summary: "This book is the single source for information on the world's greatest network, and provides a wealth of information for the average Internet consumer, as well as for experts in the field of networking and Internet technologies. It provides the most thorough examination of Internet technologies and applications for researchers in a variety of related fields"-Provided by publisher. All work contributed to this encyclopedia set is original material. The views expressed in this encyclopedia set are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher. IntroductIon Internet is a heterogeneous network environment and the network resources that are available to real time applications can be modified very quickly. Real time applications must have the capability to adapt their operation to network changes. In order to add adaptation characteristics to real time applications, we can use techniques both at the network and application layers. Adaptive real time applications have the capability to transmit multimedia data over heterogeneous networks and adapt media transmission to network changes. In order to implement an adaptive multime-dia transmission application, mechanisms to monitor the network conditions, and mechanisms to adapt the transmission of the data to the network changes must be implemented. Today, the underlying infrastructure of the Internet does not sufficiently support quality of service (QoS) guarantees. The new technologies, which are used for the implementation of networks, provide capabilities to support QoS in one network domain but it is not easy to implement QoS among various network domains, in order to provide end-to-end QoS to the user. In addition, some researchers believe that the cost for providing end-to-end QoS is too big, and it is better to invest on careful network design and careful network monitoring, in order to identify and upgrade the congested network links (Diot, 2001). In this article, we concentrate on the architecture of an adaptive real time application that has the capability to transmit multimedia data over heterogeneous networks and adapt the transmission of the multimedia data to the network changes. Moreover in this article, we concentrate on the unicast transmission of multi-media data.


Tea drinking is of many benefits to the health of humans, such as antioxidation, anti-aging, antitumor and decreasing the morbidities of some diseases. In recent years, the antibacterial and antiviral effects as well as immunopotentiation of tea components have been reported increasingly. The progress in research on the antibacterial, antiviral and immunopotentiation effects of major tea components, such as tea polyphenol, tea pigment, tea polysaccharide and theanine, are reviewed in this paper.


Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates and honeycomb composite sandwich structures (HCSS) are widely used in the aerospace industry as they exhibit excellent strength-to-weight ratio, stiffness, toughness, corrosion resistance, etc. Nevertheless, defects, such as face sheet delamination or core-sheet debonding, may appear due to the impact forces or thermo-mechanical aging and can degrade these properties. Structural health monitoring (SHM) based on the use of guided elastic waves (GW) is regarded as a promising solution to detect such defects, and consequently to reduce maintenance costs and to extend structure service time. GWs propagate over large distances while being sensitive to structural inhomogeneities. Here, a SHM system prototype is proposed. It relies on a sparse grid of piezoelectric transducers distributed over the structure, used for both actuating and sensing GWs. Defect imaging is performed by means of the correlation based algorithm, the so-called Excitelet. It computes correlation coefficients between the theoretical and experimental GW signals for each pixel on the image representing the region of interest of the structure. The theoretical signals for CFRP are computed using a model based on a 2D semi-analytical finite element formulation. Analytical prediction of theoretical signals for the HCSS being intractable, a homogenization model is applied to the honeycomb core to replace it by an equivalent orthotropic plate preserving the same modelling approach. Defect imaging results are presented for both structures, namely a CFRP plate and a HCSS. The resolution of the corresponding images can be related to the wavelength of the inspecting mode.


Using growth factor CD137 monocyte or a functional analog thereof for producing a medicament for stimulating proliferation of peripheral monocytes in a mammal.


In mobile communication systems, it provides in providing an apparatus and method for efficiently processing a voice packet of a voice codec speech service using the packet network. Receiving voice packets RLC layer is sent from the upper layer, to produce a header that contains information indicating the type of voice packets thus received, and information for checking the errors in the header of the voice packet a step, using the information indicating the type verify audio data portions of the voice packet from the verified audio data portion, determining a range for performing error detection of the audio packet, the determined the header and the voice data containing the pre-error detection range, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: sending to the lower layer through the radio channel to reconfigure a voice packet to be transmitted.


Thin insulating films on metals are of current interest regarding applications using electron tunneling between ferromagnetic films or as interlayers between metals and semiconductors. MgO is particularly interesting because it can be grown pseudomorphically on Fe(100). Previous experiments have been carried out using thermal evaporation (MBE). In our work, oligoatomic MgO layers have been grown on an Fe(100) surface by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) from an MgO target at different substrate temperatures. The procedure has been carried out using a 248 nm KrF Excimer Laser. The experiments have been performed in a multichamber UHV – system that allows the transfer of the sample under UHV conditions. An Ar+ ion gun is available for cleaning the substrate. Annealing up to 1000 K is possible. The samples can be characterized using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The deposition – chamber is equipped with a 15 keV RHEED system that allows in-situ growth observation. The sample temperature can be set between 100 and 900 K. At room temperature, MgO grows epitaxially on Fe(100) with 45° rotation between the Fe[100] and the MgO[100] axis. The lattice mismatch is 3.7 %. As shown in Figure 1, RHEED intensity oscillations of the specular and the first Bragg order beam can be observed during the deposition indicating layer-by-layer growth (at elevated temperatures however, 3-dimensional growth is observed). Thus, the layer thickness can be concluded from the number of oscillations. When the layer thickness exceeds 5 monolayers the RHEED – reflections split, indicating the formation of dislocations (Figure 2). 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 100 200 300 400 500 600


Editor,—Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV) also known as "posterior uveal bleeding syndrome" or "serosanguineous detachments in black females" is an exudative macular degeneration characterised by a juxtapapillary branching choroidal network with surrounding polypoidal excrescences associated with serous and haemorrhagic detachments of the neurosensory retina and pigment epithelium.1-4 The patients are almost always black females in the fifth to seventh decade.

We describe here the indocyanine green angiographic (ICGA) findings of a white male patient with IPCV, who had been misdiagnosed for exudative age related macular degeneration (AMD).

### CASE REPORT

A 54 year old white male patient was referred for an ICGA examination with the diagnosis of exudative AMD. He complained of decreased vision and metamorphopsia in his left eye of 10 days' duration. The past ocular history was remarkable for recurrent serosanguineous exudative maculopathy of his right eye over a period of 10 years. He did not have a history of systemic disease. Visual acuity of the right eye was reduced to 10/200. Visual acuity of the left eye was 25/200. There was no evidence of inflammation in either the anterior chamber or vitreous. Fundus examination of the right eye disclosed a pigment epithelial detachment with a meniscus of subretinal blood superior to the macula (Fig 1A). In addition, marked atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium with visible choroidal vessels was seen in the centre of the macula. The left fundus revealed a neurosensory detachment of the macula associated with …


X-ray luggage CT is widely used in airports and railway stations for the purpose of detecting contrabands and dangerous goods that may be potential threaten to public safety, playing an important role in homeland security. An X-ray luggage CT is usually in a helical trajectory with a high pitch for achieving a high passing speed of the luggage. The disadvantage of high pitch is that conventional filtered back-projection (FBP) requires a very large slice thickness, leading to bad axial resolution and helical artifacts. Especially when severe data inconsistencies are present in the z-direction, like the ends of a scanning object, the partial volume effect leads to inaccuracy value and may cause a wrong identification. In this paper, an iterative reconstruction method is developed to improve the image quality and accuracy for a large-spacing multi-detector high-pitch helical luggage CT system. In this method, the slice thickness is set to be much smaller than the pitch. Each slice involves projection data collected in a rather small angular range, being an ill-conditioned limited-angle problem. Firstly a low-resolution reconstruction is employed to obtain images, which are used as prior images in the following process. Then iterative reconstruction is performed to obtain high-resolution images. This method enables a high volume coverage speed and a thin reconstruction slice for the helical luggage CT. We validate this method with data collected in a commercial X-ray luggage CT.


The roles of traditional environmental knowledge and local conservation efforts in slopeland management and village resource development are examined in Phalabang panchayat in western Nepal's Middle Mountains region. The incentives for indigenous conservation development in Phalabang incorporate the following factors: village territory spatial organization, land use, environ- mental perception, social organization, and land tenure. Two contrasting examples, Nigane Ridge and Kalikathan Slope, are discussed in order to identify important motivations for villager involvement in resource conservation. In Phalabang, household level conservation efforts on private lands are generally more effective than community efforts. The scale of conservation development, social organizational modes, and land tenure issues remain problematic in the design of resource development on degraded lands.


1. MEDICINE Illness, disease and disability plague man in every culture. But the form they take is not the same everywhere. Neither is man's reaction. Coping strategies, and the experience and knowledge backing them, depend very much on cultural setting. So medicine, the fabric of strategy and know ledge, can only be understood in the context of culture. In western society today, severe judgements are passed on medicine. Its store of knowledge and experience, and its repertory of strategies, have grown immensely during the last few decades. But it hardly alleviates dominant ailments, especially chronic diseases, diseases of old age and disturbances of social and mental functioning. We know that these ailments have come to the fore as the incidence of more "primitive" diseases declined in industrial societies. Infant deaths, and malnutrition and infections striking at young age, have dwindled to marginal significance in Western Europe and life expectancy at birth is twice that of some 150 years ago. Thus our new troubles are connected with past successes."


To the Editor: An 8-year-old female with a history of prematurity, focal epilepsy, and anxiety presented with a 1-day history of fever, limp, bilateral leg pain. Physical examination revealed multiple tender, raised, erythematous nodules on her bilateral lower extremities and smaller papules on her upper extremities. Punch biopsy revealed dermal edema with florid dermal and subcutaneous neutrophilic infiltrate (Fig. 1) Initial laboratory work was significant for pancytopenia. Subsequent bone marrow biopsy revealed 85% blasts in a > 95% cellular bone marrow, consistent with acute myeloid leukemia (AML FAB-1). Chromosomal analysis was significant for a balanced t(6;9)(p22;q34) translocation. The patient's lower extremity nodules improved with chemotherapy and systemic steroids, though they recurred after discontinuation of systemic steroids. On the basis of biopsy results, Sweet syndrome (SS) was diagnosed. SS, originally described in 1964 by Dr Robert Douglas Sweet as an "acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis," is a rare diagnosis characterized by fever, neutrophilic leukocytosis, and tender, erythematous plaques, and/or nodules; the rash is distributed on the face, trunk, and extremities with a prominent neutrophilic dermatosis on histopathology.1 Formal diagnostic criteria for classic SS (Table 1) were originally proposed in 1986 by Su and Liu5 and subsequently modified by von den Driesch in 1994.6 Traditionally, SS is characterized in 3 contexts: classic/ idiopathic, malignancy-associated, and drug-induced.7 In the pediatric population, classic SS often presents alongside nonspecific upper respiratory or gastrointestinal illnesses.8 Drug-induced SS is especially rare in children and adolescents.2,3


On the course of Calculus, it's a basic and essential skill to work out the limit of the already known function. This paper summed up all the approaches of solving Limit Function in Higher Mathematics.Also, it provides a brief commentary.


In the context of globalization, global financial crisis reflected the evolution of the relation global finance – global economy. The paper focuses on two issues. First, we review a part of the literature regarding the costs and benefits of financial globalization and the links between financial globalization, global imbalances and crises. Second, we discuss whether the financial globalization associated with global imbalances contributed to the 2008 global financial crisis. We conclude that global imbalances (GDP, current account, capital flows and international reserves) played a key role in determining the incidence and propagation of the global financial crisis both in advanced and developing economies. But they are still not resolved and so the risk to power a new global crisis remains high. Therefore economic and financial globalization has to redefine the links between international finance and global economy nowadays.


The development of functional economic areas and their relationship to governance has been attracting considerable attention. New forms of sub-regional governance have emerged that have been interpreted in a variety of ways. Within this context, a different approach to multiscalar governance linked to economic space is emerging at a European level in relation to the implementation of the Lisbon Treaty. This is embedding the principles of subsidiarity/territorial cohesion within member-states, and with sub-state scales of working being promulgated. This paper adds to existing discussions of city-regionalism by providing an alternative—yet fundamental—insight into these reform constructs within England in its relations with the EU. It explores: the role of economic spaces in the genealogy of rescaling tendencies; their co-option of governance as a 'strategic' mechanism for growth; and the emergent geo-politics associated with new sub-state governance structures and their effectiveness as intended 'transitionary' arrangements.


This article, dedicated to Andre Lentin on the occasionof the meeting (23/02/1996) organized in his honor, aims to show the the labelled lattice obtained from the weak order on a finite Coxeter system (W,S) as welle as the group itself can be constructed stating from an arbitrary parabolic subgroupe WJ, the associated quotient WJ and a function from WJ x J to S U . This method permits to recursive construction of groups and latices inthe four infinite families of irreducible finite Coxter groups : the reverse procedure leads to a reduction algorithm for expressions of elements of the group as products of generators


Brain Structure
The mammalian brain has an extraordinarily large number of cells. Although there are quite a few different cell types, many cells in any one category tend to look alike. Zeisel et al. analyzed the transcriptomes of mouse brain cells to reveal more than meets the eye. Interneurons of similar type were found in dissimilar regions of the brain. Oligodendrocytes that seemed to be all of one class were differentiated by their molecular signatures into a half-dozen classes. Microglia associated with blood vessels were distinguished from look-alike perivascular macrophages. Thus, the complex microanatomy of the brain can be revealed by the RNAs expressed in its cells.

Science , this issue p. [1138][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaa1934


How long would be reasonable for an individual to wait before a government department answered an application? Two people have had to hold their breath for over 14 years.


In the present study Pseudomonas aeruginosa PB3A strain isolated from oil contaminated soil was exploited for the biosurfactant production. Effect of growth parameters for the biosurfactant production were studied which revealed their optimum production occurs at pH 7, with a temperature of 37°C and optimum incubation time of 48 h. Further the characterization studied of partially purified biosurfactants by TLC and FTIR confirms the presence of biosurfactant production. Screening of antibacterial and anticancer studies also reveals that, the extracted biosurfactant effectively controlled the test pathogens and also suppress the proliferation of HeLa cells showing an IC50 value of 125 μg mLG1. The present study concludes the biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PB3A shows significant cytotoxicity activity which is of eco-friendly in nature.


BACKGROUND
Problem-based learning (PBL) in small-group tutorials has been a trend in medical education. Chinese students are known to be reserved and passive; thus, they may not be adaptable to PBL. Neuroanatomy, important to clinical neurology, is difficult to learn. We incorporated clinical neurology with PBL, complementary to the traditional neuroanatomy curriculum, to evaluate the feasibility of PBL for Chinese students in Taiwan.

METHODS
Forty-two second-year medical students and seven tutors participated in the clinical neurology PBL small-group tutorials. Twelve case reports were discussed weekly beginning in February, 1999. Each case was designed to meet the progressive curriculum of the neuroanatomy course. The tutors evaluated the students by the degree of their preparation, participation, key-point comprehension and interaction. All tutors and students filled out questionnaires at the end of each session.

RESULTS
The majority of the students and tutors agreed that the case materials were clearly written. Ninety percent of the students agreed that the case materials matched the traditional content of neuroanatomy. Eighty-five percent of students and 71% of tutors were satisfied and found the class rewarding. Ninety-one percent of students and 74% of tutors were in favor of PBL being continued.

CONCLUSIONS
This preliminary PBL, small-group tutorial learning in clinical neurology showed satisfactory results and was, indeed, complementary to a traditional neuroanatomy course. The students, as early as during the second year of their medical school education, were able to learn through the PBL. More integration of basic and clinical sciences by PBL may be considered in future curricula designs.


Selected clinical characteristics of patients with nonembolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery were compared with those of patients with atherosclerotic occlusive lesions at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. Unexpected differences were observed in the race-age distribution, in the presence of systemic vascular disease, and in the frequency of factors predisposing to atherosclerosis. The group with intracranial arterial lesions included more Negro patients than the group with lesions in the extracranial carotid artery. Ischemic heart disease, intermittent claudication and hypercholesterolemia were more frequent among the patients with extracranial cerebrovascular lesions, but the incidence of hypertension and diabetes was the same in both groups. These findings suggest differences in the etiological and pathogenetical mechanisms of the vascular disease in patients with extracranial and intracranial cerebral arterial occlusive lesions.


The use of the 7-Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) promises improved imaging quality and higher resolution compared with lower-field MRI systems. The design of the loop coil considers the tradeoff between coil size and performance. A larger coil enables deeper field penetration, but it may result in poorer field uniformity and localization. On the other hand, a smaller coil offers improved localization capabilities, however, field penetration reduces, and multiple coil elements are required to cover the same space as large coils. Additionally, safety concerns regarding the high-energy absorption of electromagnetic waves in healthy tissues principally limit the use of the 7T MRI, which is measured with the specific absorption rate (SAR). A coil that can generate a uniform magnetic field while maintaining a low SAR is necessary to comply with the SAR limits. We propose a coil design that recirculates the current and provides a phase shift in the same structure to provide a magnetic field over a broad area, thus reducing the number of channels required to cover the same area. We present electromagnetic (EM) simulations of the proposed coil with a magnetic field and SAR computed for the brain and human spine model. We built the coil and acquired images with a phantom using a 7T MRI system. The proposed coil improves the SAR by 43% compared with the reference coil in the spinal area in the case of EM simulations, indicating the imaging quality improvement potential of our proposed coil.


The aim of the undertaking education curriculum is to take raises the students' entrepreneurial spirit and initiative capacity. The construction and the implementation of undertaking education curriculum, the students may get some direction of the specialty elementary knowledge, have the professional skill intense undertaking consciousness, the prominent initiative capacity, the tenacious will, the painstaking effort, the spirit of daring development which to be the self-employment, the professional post inventor of the good socialist construction pioneer.


We investigate, in a unified and general way, the thermodynamic properties of dark energy with an arbitrary, varying equation-of-state parameter w(a). We find that all quantities are well defined and regular for every w(a), including the −1-crossing, with the temperature being negative in the phantom regime (w(a) < −1) and positive in the quintessence one (w(a) > −1). The density and entropy are always positive while the chemical potential can be arbitrary. At the −1-crossing, both temperature and chemical potential are zero. The temperature negativity can only be interpreted in the quantum framework. The regular behavior of all quantities at the −1-crossing leads to the conclusion that such a crossing does not correspond to a phase transition, but rather to a smooth crossover.


In this paper, negative selection algorithm for artificial immune system (AIS) is improved by adopting genetic algorithm, in which Euclidean distance is selected as fitness function, to generate detectors (antibodies). Diagnosis cases shows that this algorithm is an effective one for online diagnosis in revolving machines, with an average accuracy beyond 95 percent. The algorithm can also be used for online diagnosis in other systems.


It is well known that the average distribution of eigenvalues of a matrix, whose elements have a Gaussian distribution, may be determined. Here it is shown that the sum of such a matrix with a non-fluctuating matrix can also be resolved, in as much as the problem can be reduced to the solution of a self-consistent Dyson equation, a non-linear equation well known in many-body theory.


A scheme, analogous to the linear combination of atomic orbitals, is proposed to calculate rates of reactions of nucleon-group transfer between nuclei confined in muonic molecules. It is pointed out that such rates can be rather high if the energy release of a reaction is small. As an example, the rate of the reaction [ital p]-[mu]-[sup 10]Be[r arrow][ital t][minus][mu][minus][sup 8]Be is calculated.


The original purpose of a mobile phone was designed for basic communication. Today, phones are used to perform different advanced activities, for example, to access location via GPS, to take photos, as media players, and to access the internet. The growing usage of smartphones highly contributed to the emergence of advanced mobile applications. In developing countries mobile phones are the most common device used to access the Internet. This study aims to provide train timetable mobile application for the new developed Addis Ababa light rail transportation system. The purpose of developing a train scheduling app is to help users find train timetables easily and to improve time efficiency. Technology and mobile usage in Ethiopia are assessed to understand the current Information and Communication Technology (ICT) situation in Ethiopia. The study utilized the lean startup method for designing and developing the mobile application. In addition, the PSD model and a system's selfreferential persuasion concept provided the theoretical framework. Persuasive system design's primary task support principles are utilized strongly in the design and development of the app by reducing complexity and providing a meaningful content. Design science research integrated with lean software development principles was used to carry out this research. A literature review was conducted to support the thesis with background knowledge. Interviews were also conducted to gather user feedback with regards to the process of designing and developing the app. The study found that waiting for public transportation is time-consuming. The mobile application improves time efficiency and enhances punctuality. Evaluating the mobile application on the actual market is one of the limitations of this study as the developed app was only evaluated between test groups. The newness of the train system in Addis Ababa and bureaucratic management has limited the present study's ability to gain accurate information about the train schedule and related information.


Abstract A conceptual framework on analytical mechanics for continuous fluid medium, which connects the fluid motion and all of the (internal and external) forces with mechanical power, is proposed by using the virtual power and the virtual velocity. Based on this framework, it is found that the internal virtual power is equal to the external virtual power in fluid dynamics, which is called the virtual power principle. This framework is also proved to be equivalent to the vector dynamics (Cauchy's equation or Navier–Stokes equation). Furthermore, based on the virtual power principle, a theorem is introduced for continuous fluid medium, which indicates the relationship between the force (or torque) acting on a body immersed in a fluid and the specified virtual power. Subsequently, according to Galilean invariance, the detailed relationship for Newtonian fluids in incompressible flows is derived and used to illustrate the mechanisms on instantaneous forces: the added inertial effects, the boundary energy flux and dissipation effects, the vortex contribution, and the explicit body force contribution. As an application of the principle, the advantage of the V formation flight of geese is preliminarily discussed in the view of aerodynamics. Specifically, the total drag of the flock is reduced by contrast with the simple sum of the drag in solo fight and the optimal angle of V ranges from $60^{\circ }$ to $120^{\circ }$ . The principle could be a useful approach to reveal the contributions of the flow structures and the moving or deforming boundaries to the force and torque acting on a body, especially in a multibody system.


This concluding chapter argues for the potential of family group conferences (FGCs) to lead to positive outcomes for families in a diverse range of social work practice areas. The research and evidence base, while patchy, is clear on this. Policy makers, practitioners, and advocates of the FGC process have a responsibility to ensure that the practice does not become marginalised by austerity measures and increasingly risk-averse practice contexts. After all FGCs not only embody the key principles of key social work legislation and policy in the UK but also the values of social work practice. Indeed, the principles of FGCs are clearly aligned to the International Federation of Social Work definition of social work and the model provides the opportunity for local authorities to become increasingly reflective of the holistic approach to social work practice.


Summary.

1. In guinea pigs adrenalectomy was followed by a significant increase in the citric acid content of blood serum, determined with Thunberg's enzymatic methylene blue method.

2. This increase could be prevented by cortisone or DCA.

3. After sham operations subnormal serum citrate values were found.


Plastic-covered greenhouses (PCG) have been extensively used in agricultural practices around the world. Remote sensing based on spectral indices is a key asset to monitor the spatial distribution of these structures on a large scale. The primary objective of this research was to conduct a comprehensive benchmarking of the available spectral indices based on Sentinel-2 data for large-scale PCG mapping. For that, eight PCG indices were thoroughly analyzed by systematically investigating their optimal thresholds in five study sites located in Almería (Spain), Antalya (Turkey), Agadir (Morocco), Weifang (China), and Nantong (China), including also different growing seasons. The experimental results demonstrated that the Plastic GreenHouse Index (PGHI) achieved the best PCG mapping accuracy in almost all study sites and growing seasons tested. From the visual analysis carried out on the PGHI mapping results, it was made out that the main misclassification between PCG and background classes took place in water bodies and industrial building land covers, particularly in the Weifang and Nantong study areas. Based on this fact, the original version of PGHI was modified by adding two processes aimed at masking water bodies and industrial buildings. This new composite index, called Improved PGHI (IPGHI), attained better accuracy results in all study sites, especially in Chinese PCG areas. The average F1 score calculated for all the study cases improved from 86.05% using PGHI to 90.51% applying IPGHI. The new approach provided a significant and robust improvement in PCG large-scale mapping for several types of PCG sites, even considering different growing seasons.


Many existing exoskeletons have followed a similar design concept that a rigid kinematic chain is actuated to mobilize a human wearer in spite of the intended applications. For performance-augmenting applications where an exoskeleton is usually paired with a specific wearer, the human–machine kinematic compatibility might be well maintained. However, in a clinical setting for rehabilitation where one exoskeleton is often shared by a group of patients, it will be difficult for the therapists to guarantee the on-site adjustments would accurately fit the exoskeleton to each individual patient with his/her unique anatomy. This paper proposes a continuum shoulder exoskeleton design to realize anatomy adaptive assistances (AAAs) for hemiparetic patients in a purely assistive mode where patient's limb motions are passive. The shoulder exoskeleton conforms to distinct human anatomies adaptively due to its intrinsic flexibility but still manages to deliver motion assistances in a consistent way. The design concept and the system descriptions are elaborated, including kinematics, statics, system construction, actuation, experimental validation, backbone shape identification, motion compensation, manikin trials, etc. The results suggest that it is possible to design a continuum exoskeleton to assist different patients with their limb movements, while no mechanical adjustments on the exoskeleton shall be performed.


The mission of the University Strategic Plan 2017 is to educate students in an academically and intellectually challenging atmosphere that trains them for lives of purpose, prudent inquiry, and being accountable role models in the world. The 5th value (Stewardship in a changing world) described in the Strategic Plan is to "be a leader in innova6ve prac6ces that sustain our environmental, human and financial resources in response to emerging environmental and financial challenges globally."


Stripe head propagation has been investigated in ion‐implanted garnet films using high speed photography with 10 nsec laser pulse illumination. For a given in‐plane field applied along the stripe, the stripe head velocity increases linearly with drive until a peak drive is reached, beyond which the velocity drops. The peak velocity increases with in‐plane field magnitude and depends on which of the two directions parallel to the stripe that the in‐plane field is applied. Numerical calculations of the dynamic wall structure are made to predict the peak velocity as a function of in‐plane field magnitude and direction. The effect of the implanted layer is taken into account by using a surface pinning condition. Results show that velocity breakdown occurs when a horizontal Bloch line (HBL) is nucleated. The velocity asymmetry with respect to in‐plane field direction occurs because the HBL nucleates at opposite surfaces for the two in‐plane field directions. The implanted layer inhibits HBL nucleation by pinni...


Abstract Since the emergence of sulfadiazine resistance among meningococci, no antimicrobial agent has been uniformly effective in eradication of these micro-organisms from carriers. Rifampin, a new antibacterial agent with a high degree of activity against meningococcal growth in vitro, was evaluated in a double blind-placebo study in known meningococcal carriers. Administration of 600 mg daily for four days reduced the carrier rate by 93.3 per cent, and this effect was sustained for four weeks. During the study period, the carrier rate among subjects receiving placebo fell only 13.4 per cent. Rifampin appears superior to currently available antimicrobial agents in elimination of meningococci from known carriers.


Geometrical chirality in a planar structure leads to intriguing optical phenomena such as polarization conversion and polarization controllable "nano-focusing" for light propagating through a small chiral hole in a metallic or dielectric screen.


At informal heritage sites, a complex mutually-detrimental interaction or 'cycle of risk' between human, animal and ecological risk factors was detected where water quality is representative of ecological risk and cultural practices associated with the heritage intrinsic to sites are indicative of human risk. Informal heritage sites are therefore especially vulnerable as they are actively utilised, but not formally protected or sustainably managed. In South Africa, biomonitoring methods are used nationally for a rapid assessment of aquatic ecosystem health, subsuming a number of index models. There are six index models wherein water quality is ensconced. Of these the Physico-chemical Driver Assessment Index (PAI) is more complex and comprehensive than the others and therefore not conventionally the most rapid application. In addition, the Health Impact Assessment (HIA) was developed recently to measure the community health of people. Despite its complexity, water quality as part of the PAI was found to be the most appropriate of the available biomonitoring indices and, in this context, the most productive indicator for the cultural heritage–ecology interaction at informal heritage sites. This is based on the fact that potable water is such a fundamental human need and intricately interwoven with ritual cultural practice. The objective of the study was therefore to propose a biomonitoring model to explore the integrity of informal heritage sites where integrity encapsulates the environmental health and the authenticity of cultural practice as heritage. The authors conceived a 'bio-cultural screening' model and explored water quality as primary indicator, where water quality comprises biological (algal, bacterial), chemical (oxygen, pH, TDS, phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon, chlorophyll-a) and physical (temperature, turbidity) analyses. This method is then put forward as the Rapid Integrity Appraisal (RIA) for informal heritage sites, which may lead to the further application of other biomonitoring indices to these sites should a more nuanced exploration of the integrity of specific sites be required. Keywords: biomonitoring, water quality, bacterial pollution, Rapid Integrity Appraisal, heritage, informallydeclared heritage sites


The present invention discloses an automatic high-speed paper machines and automatic bag making method. The paper machine includes a paper feed section connected in sequence, the adhesive fiber drum portion, the bottom opening portion of the bag, sealing off the top and bottom; the method, the bag bottom open end of a fiber drum portion for forming a first end of the bag a bottom surface, a first side of the bottom, second bottom and second side surfaces, respectively, to expand the bottom to the sides; a first bottom flaps of the first and second side of the bottom side of the bottom folded inwardly, then the first surface of the bottom folded inwardly ; bottom of the bag for the first sealing surface on the bottom surface of the bottom or second glue, folded inwardly and the second surface of the bottom, second bottom surface of the bottom surface of the first adhesive bag closed bottom. Adopts a technical solution of the present invention, high-speed automatic machines and automatic bag paper method, since it not only includes a paper feed portion, the adhesive portion Zhitong, further comprising a bottom opening portion of the bag, folding the top and bottom seals, molded paper after the sample cut paper machine can be fully automated high speed automatic bag form, and thus not only can greatly improve the production efficiency, but also reduce overall production costs.


I HAVE in another place recorded former experiences of verebral abscess; but by one of those curious coincidences which occur in surgical practice three cases of brain abscess from middle ear disease came under my care in the course ,of a few weeks at the beginning of 1896. The interest such eases always have justifies me, I hope, in placing them before you. In the first instance, I propose to relate the cases, and subsequently to offer some brief comments upon them.


The effects of acoustic wave excitation of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and resonance oscillations (ROs) on catalytic and adsorptive properties of metal thin films have been studied. A 5–200 nm thick Pd thin film was deposited as a catalyst on the Rayleigh SAW propagation path of a 128°-rotated y-cut LiNbO3 single crystal. For ethanol oxidation, the introduction of a 10 MHz SAW increased acetaldehyde production. The activity enhancement varied, depending not only on the surface states (reduced and oxidized Pd surfaces), but also on the thickness of the Pd films: larger activity enhancement occurred for a thick Pd film with an oxidized surface. For CO oxidation, the oxidized Pd had slightly greater effect than reduced Pd, but catalyst activation with SAW-on was small over a whole range of film thickness for both the reduced and the oxidized Pd. The high-resolution IR reflection absorption spectra of CO adsorbed on a 40 nm Pd thin film deposited on the propagation path of a shear horizontal leaky SAW (36°-rotated y-cut LiTaO3) exhibited a large peak, assigned to bridging CO, at 1982 cm-1 and a small on-top CO peak at 2073 cm-1. With SAW-on, the intensity and position of both the peaks remained nearly unchanged, but a shoulder appeared on the bridging CO peak at ca. 1930 cm-1. A laser Doppler measurement showed that a vertical lattice displacement due to the Rayleigh SAW increased with increasing Pd film thickness, up to 50 nm, and was nearly constant over the range 50–200 nm, in which the magnitude of lattice displacement was larger for reduced than for oxidized Pd. SAW-induced catalyst activation is discussed on the basis of reaction mechanisms and the adsorbed states of the reactants. From the dependence of lattice displacement on the thickness and surface states of the Pd films, a model in which the SAW interacts with the charged carriers in the thin films and affects the adsorbed states of the reactants is proposed. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that RO generated on a Pd thin film deposited on z-cut LiNbO3 had a remarkable effect on its catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation.


The majority of the bacteria tested were able to reduce both ferric iron and nitrate. However, ferric iron may be reduced by bacteria which do not possess a nitrate reductase and, conversely, the possession of a nitrate reductase does not confer the ability to reduce ferric iron. A glucose-fermenting Vibrio and an anaerobic lithotroph were tested for their ability to reduce a greater variety of metals. The Vibrio reduced the wider range of metals and to a greater degree. Lithotrophic bacteria not only reduce a more restricted range of metals, they also appear not to possess the capacity of fermentative bacteria to use metals as minor electron sinks.


Nowadays, virtual enterprise (VE) is a crucial paradigm of business management in an agile environment. VE exists in both service and manufacturing organizations, although the complexity of each enterprise in a VE may vary greatly from industry to industry. Obviously, there is a need for a mechanism through which these different functions can be integrated together transparently. In this contribution, we focus on the negotiation process in VE formulation as a basic research to clarify its effective management in terms of partner search. Each enterprise in VE is defined as an agent with multiutilities, and a framework of multiagent programming with game theoretic approach is newly proposed as a negotiation algorithm among the agents. Each unit is defined as an agent in our VE model, and their decision making is formulated as a game theoretic methodology. We develop a computer simulation model to form VEs through multiple negotiations among several potential members in the negotiation domain, and finally clarify the formulation dynamism with the negotiation process. IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING This chapter appears in the book, Virtual Enterprise Integration: Technological and Organizational Perspectives edited by Goran Putnik and Maria Manuela Cunha. © 2005, Idea Group Inc. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITB10943


How does the development of formal standards for information and communication technologies shape the behavior of firms that may need the technologies to develop new products and services? We argue that standardization lowers the search costs of identifying important intellectual property rights (IPR) for standards users and reduces uncertainty related to licensing terms. These changes can clarify the risks of IPR infringement for standards-related technologies and thus decrease strategic patenting by standards users. Using data from the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to study the behavior of firms who use but do not contribute to standards, we find that an increase in the number of IETF standards in a technological area is associated with a decline in strategic patenting in the area. The effects become larger in environments where patent rights have been strengthened or when standards-contributing firms hold a larger proportion of related patents.


Objective To explore the strategy and methods of improving the quality of clinical practice in adult medical education.Methods Factors effecting clinical practice of adult trainee were analyzed.Results Strategy and methods of raising the quality of training were proposed.Conclusion Only through deepening teaching innovation and intensifying the course of clinical practice,can the quality of continuing medical education be obviously improved.


This thesis endeavors to explore the concept of construction of identity in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God and Richard Wright's Native Son. Two significant black writers in the first half of the twentieth century, Hurston and Wright both transmit their awareness of racial issue by adopting the theme of a quest for identity for the black people in their works respectively. Thus, in the thesis, a textual analysis of the way the black characters construct their subjectivity in terms of race, class and gender will be presented.
In addition to showing how race, class and gender play an important role in the development of the black characters' selfhood, this thesis further examines what causes these two black writers' divergent views on the construction of the black's identity in their works. Through delving into these two writer's autobiographical information, this thesis will delineate how their different rearing and personal experience influence their writing: the way their protagonists construct their identity, their style and their characterization of the black people in these two novels. As a black female, born in an area rich in Afro-American oral culture, and trained in anthropology, Hurston stresses the relationship between the two sexes within a black community. Therefore, a portrait of the black female's inner world within a context of black community and an adoption of vernacular black speech is evident in Their Eyes Were Watching God. By contrast, Wright was more aware of the racial conflict because he grew up in an oppressive surrounding. Later, his knowledge of Marxist thinking equipped him with the necessary tool to analyze the black/white collision from a socio-economic perspective. Without doubt, the emphasis of the relations between the two races and the depiction of the city as a strong force oppressing the black individuals can be seen clearly in Native Son.


Brief commentary by Gareth Crossman (Policy
 Director, Liberty) on issues related to possible government
 introduction of compulsory registration cards. Published in
 Amicus Curiae – Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies
 at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is
 produced by SALS at the IALS (Institute of Advanced Legal
 Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of
 London).


PSR B1259–63/LS 2883 is an elliptical pulsar/Be star binary that emits broadband emissions from radio to TeV γ-rays. The massive star possesses an equatorial disc that is inclined with the orbital plane of the pulsar. Non-thermal emission from the system is believed to be produced by pulsar wind shock and double-peak profiles in the X-ray, and TeV γ-ray light curves are related to the phases of the pulsar passing through the disc region of the star. In this paper, we investigate the interactions between the pulsar wind and stellar outflows, especially with the presence of the disc, and present a multiwavelength modelling of the emission from this system. We show that the double-peak profiles of X-ray and TeV γ-ray light curves are caused by the enhancements of the magnetic field and soft photons at the shock during the disc passages. As the pulsar is passing through the equatorial disc, the additional pressure of the disc pushes the shock surface closer to the pulsar, which causes the enhancement of magnetic field in the shock, and thus increases the synchrotron luminosity. The TeV γ-rays due to the inverse-Compton (IC) scattering of shocked electrons with seed photons from the star are expected to peak around periastron, which is inconsistent with observations. However, the shock heating of the stellar disc could provide additional seed photons for IC scattering during the disc passages, and thus produces the double-peak profiles as observed in the TeV γ-ray light curve. Our model can possibly be examined and applied to other similar gamma-ray binaries, such as PSR J2032+4127/MT91 213, HESS J0632+057, and LS I+61°303.


A series of novel 2-(N-pyrrolidino, N-piperidino or N-morpholino)-7-phenyl(α-furoyl or α-thienyl)-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-d]pyridazinones 10a–c, 14–16a,b was synthesized in 78–87% yields via the reaction of methyl 5-benzoyl(α-furoyl or α-thienyl)-2-aminosubstituted-thiazol-4-carboxylates 9a–c, 13a–e with hydrazine. These new compounds have been tested for their in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. All compounds have been characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.


Low-salt soya sauce has become a market trend due to consumers' demand for a low sodium diet life. In tradition, a low-salt soya sauce (with salt concentration below 14.4%) is made from a high-salt one (18% salt concentration) through diluting or reducing the sodium content. The post-processing deteriorates the quality of the soya sauce produce as some specific, beneficial chemical components are inevitably removed. In the production of a native-born low-salt soya sauce, a key problem encountered is possible microbial contamination that easily develops in a low salt environment. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ultra-violet (UVC 254 nm) irradiation on soya mash of 12% salt concentration fermented at 35°C. The ultra-violet treatment could effectively prevent the soya mash from microbial contamination.


e12056 Background: Treatment and survival rates within Scotland for patients with lung cancer appear lower than in many other European countries with the 5-year survival being quoted as 5-6% compared with 8%-15% in other European countries and the United States no study of lung cancer has attempted to specifically investigate the association between variation in investigation, comorbidity and treatment and outcome between different centres. Methods: Patient demographics (gender, age, postcode, smoking history), WHO/ECOG performance status (at presentation and estimated 6 months prior) and primary treatment modality were recorded. If a histological diagnosis was not achieved, this, along with the reason(s) why not, was recorded (age, poor performance status, comorbidity, nondiagnostic investigations, patient choice) along with the investigations attempted, clinical/radiologic stage and primary treatment plan. In addition to recording the comorbidities present in each patient, the severity of each comorbidi...


The Spanish Civil War started in July 1936, when military generals conducted a coup against the Second Republic. As they failed to conquer the entire territory, the coup unfolded into the Civil War. At the start of the war, repression against civilians was dreadful. In the areas that remained loyal to the Republic, uncontrolled groups of people killed members of the clergy and landowners who were seen as exploiting the labour force. In the areas that had turned against the Republic, instructions were given to the population by rebel generals to violently repress anyone who was suspected of supporting the Republic or being left-wing. The objective was to erase the roots of the left completely. The number of civilian victims is still debated, but it is estimated that almost 60,000 were killed on the rebel side, and more than 100,000 on the side that was loyal with the Republic.1 A great proportion of those crimes took place in the first months of the war. When the Second Republic recovered control after an initial period of confusion, illegal repression against the conservatives virtually stopped and the executions became part of processes of justice. The rebels' repression continued throughout the war and the first years of dictatorship, although to a lesser extent than in the first months of the Civil War. General Francisco Franco soon became the leader of the rebel side. In April 1939, when the war ended with the Francoist victory, he became the head of the dictatorship. Most of the dead on the Francoist side were exhumed and honored directly after the end of the war, as part of the construction of the Francoist rhetoric of martyrdom.2 However, the thousands of victims of Francoism were left buried in unmarked mass graves across the Spanish territory. These mass


Introduction and purpose: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among Polish women. However, with the development of medicine, new methods of treating and detecting breast cancer are accessible. In consequence, there is a significant decrease in mortality and an increase in the number of detected cases. Therefore, the needs and difficulties faced by women with breast cancer, including those related to their sexuality, require a different approach. This paper aims to present the impact of breast cancer treatment on women's sexuality based on a review of the available literature.
Description of the state of knowledge: There are many methods of treating breast cancer, but mastectomy, one of the most radical therapies, is performed in almost half of the patients. There is a high percentage of psychological complications associated with this procedure, among others, since female breasts are perceived as attributes of femininity. Women diagnosed with breast cancer face concerns about self-esteem and body image. Breast cancer has a notable impact on sexuality, and cancer diagnosis and oncological cancer treatment are associated with several physical and psychosocial uncertainties. The lack of a native breast can cause a sense of imperfection, shame, and fear of rejection by the partner.
Summary: Health professionals should concentrate on the sexual health of women with breast cancer because it is frequently overlooked and assigned less priority. The return of sexual satisfaction and acceptance of the new body appearance should be a component of successful breast cancer treatment.


In The Nature of the Judicial Process,' Cardozo is concerned with the sources of common law: how do judges decide cases; what counts as justification for decisions that rest uneasily, if at all, on precedent and that are not required by a written text? Although evidently struck by the power common-law judges exercise in such situations, Cardozo was not moved to question the legitimacy of that power. Instead, he considered it sufficient to explain and classify the various methods courts use in reaching decisions. This predominantly descriptive approach assumes, among other things, that judges ought to make the common-law, that is, ought to fashion principles and policies into standards of decision. Cardozo's assumption remains the conventional understanding: while we may disagree strongly with particular decisions, we rarely question the authority of common-law courts, even in pivotal cases. Judicial review is another matter. Almost every important case that displeases some sizeable group leads to questions about the legitimacy of the famous doctrine proclaimed in Marbury v. Madison.2 To speak only of the recent past, it was some sixteen years after publication of The Nature of the Judicial Process that judicial review of New Deal legislation brought the executive and the Supreme Court into direct confrontation.3 More recently, the segregation,4 reapportionment,' and abortion cases have provoked very serious attacks on the Court. In addition, the attempt to find a justification for judicial review is again engaging the attention of


In this paper, we have addressed the complex problem of reco very for concurrent failures in distributed computing environment. We have proposed a new approach in which we have dealt with effectively both orphan and lost messages. The proposed check pointing and recovery approaches enable a process to restart from its recent checkpoint and hence guarantees the least amount of recomputation after recovery. It also means that a process needs to save only its recent local checkpoint. The proposed value of the common check pointing interval enables an initiator process to log the minimum number of messages sent by each application process. The message complexity of the proposed check pointing algorithm as well as the recovery approach is O(n).


We introduce for the first time a condensed node scheme for solving the Dirac equation in 2D graphene. This scheme satisfies the standard charge conservation requirement and allows adopting boundary conditions for graphene circuits. The correlation between the graphene equations and its self-consistent symmetrical condensed node -transmission line matrix formulation is highlighted. This concept, in turn, is related to the generalized Huygens principle for the Dirac equations.


A client service management system based on Lotus is significant in improving client-severing abilities.This paper analyses disadvantages of traditional client-service system and put forwards a new model,which is composed of two independent but related sub-systems,inside system and outside system.The main tasks of the outside sub-system are to receive the users requirements and give response immediately.One task of the inside sub-system is to support knowledge for the outside sub-system,another task is to deal with the users advices and suggestions and form suitable knowledge stored in inside knowledge base.It also analyses the characteristics of Lotus in web application development and security,and lists the supporting in constructing and retrieval of knowledge base.


A graphGis called a (p,q)-split graph if its vertex set can be partitioned intoA,Bso that the order of the largest independent set inAis at mostpand the order of the largest complete subgraph inBis at mostq. Applying a well-known theorem of Erdo?s and Rado for?-systems, it is shown that for fixedp,q, (p,q)-split graphs can be characterized by excluding a finite set of forbidden subgraphs, called (p,q)-split critical graphs. The order of the largest (p,q)-split critical graph,f(p,q), relates to classical Ramsey numbersR(s,t) through the inequalities2F(F(R(p+2,q+2)))+1?f(p,q)?R(p+2,q+2)?1whereF(t) is the smallest number oft-element sets ensuring at+1-element?-system. Apart fromf(1,1)=5, all values off(p,q) are unknown.


This work solved 3D steady heat conduction problem in multilayered thin film structures with periodic laser heating,using Laplace transform,Hankel transform,transmission line theory and inverse transformation;Comparing the temperature response with the periodic heating flux,the phase lag and amplitude ratio depending on the composite structure have been obtained.The measurement principle of thermal characteristic,and prepared for the deduction of thermal parameters are provided.


In this paper, we present a face detection system which combines skin color detection and AdaBoost methods. The aim of this combination is to satisfy the accuracy and speed, the two important characteristics of real time face detection. The second contribution of this paper is a new type of rectangular features for face detection, represented in a 2 X 3 matrix form. With these new features the training time becomes significantly very short: five times faster than using the previous feature set. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method