Group signatures allow group members to sign an arbitrary number
of messages on behalf of the group without revealing their
identity. Under certain circumstances the group manager holding a
tracing key can reveal the identity of the signer from the
signature. Practical group signature schemes should support
membership revocation where the revoked member loses the
capability to sign a message on behalf of the group without
influencing the other non-revoked members. A model known as
\emph{verifier-local revocation} supports membership revocation.
In this model the trusted revocation authority sends revocation
messages to the verifiers and there is no need for the trusted
revocation authority to contact non-revoked members to update
their secret keys. Previous constructions of verifier-local
revocation group signature schemes either have a security proof in the
random oracle model or are non-identity based. A security proof
in the random oracle model is only a heuristic proof and
non-identity-based group signature suffer from standard Public Key
Infrastructure (PKI) problems, i.e. the group public key is not
derived from the group identity and therefore has to be certified.

In this work we construct the first verifier-local revocation group
signature scheme which is identity-based and which has a security proof in the standard model. In
particular, we give a formal security model for the proposed
scheme and prove that the scheme has the
property of selfless-anonymity under the decision Linear (DLIN)
assumption and it is fully-traceable under the
Computation Diffie-Hellman (CDH) assumption. The proposed scheme is based on prime order bilinear
groups.


Fluid regulatory systems may provide diagnostic functions during shut-down procedures. In one aspect, a fluid regulatory system may include a valve positioning system. The valve positioning system may include components such as a controller and an electric-to-pressure converter. The controller may receive a command signal, modify the command signal, adjust a control signal to the electric-to-pressure converter based on the command signal, and/or monitor components while closing the valve. The valve positioning system may have a probability of failure on demand of less than 10 -3 .


The question what Jewish philosophy is and why this field is important for the academic study of philosophy has often been a subject of debate. The academic study of Jewish philosophy started in the middle of the nineteenth century with the pioneering work of Manuel Joel and Salomon Munk. It was the early period of die Wissenschaft des Judentums. Since these early years in the academic study of Jewish philosophers, scholars have debated on what is Jewish and what is philosophical in Jewish philosophy. This discussion focuses on questions like: is Jewish philosophy a philosophy of Judaism, is it a specifically Jewish contribution to the debate on philosophical problems, is it a part of philosophy of religion or is it broader, is it philosophizing by Jews, is there really such a thing as Jewish philosophy, is the term not an internal contradiction?


Beginning in 2009, British Columbia Transit (BC Transit) led a project to conduct a 5-year demonstration of 20 fuel cell electric buses (FCEB) in Whistler, Canada. The FCEB fleet was introduced during the 2010 Winter Olympic Games and operated through March 2014. The primary goals of the project were to investigate the status of the technology, to demonstrate that FCEBs could provide daily service in an urban transit operation, and to contribute to the provincial government's climate action goals. During the demonstration it was the world's largest FCEB fleet in a single location. BC Transit collaborated with the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to evaluate the buses in revenue service. CARB enlisted NREL to conduct a third-party evaluation of the BC Transit fleet to aid in understanding the status of the technology in transit. CARB staff has been gathering data on zero-emission buses to assess the status of the technologies as directed by its Board during the July 2009 hearing. While the BC Transit fleet is located outside of the United States, the operation of transit fleets within Canada is similar to that of fleets in the United States. The bus is designed for the North American market, and future models could be built to meet 'Buy America' requirements for U.S. transit agencies. NREL published its first report on the demonstration in February 2014. This report is an update to the previous report and covers 3 full years of revenue service data on the buses from April 2011 through March 2014. The FCEBs are 42-foot, low-floor buses built by New Flyer with a hybrid electric propulsion system that includes a Ballard Power Systems fuel cell and Valence lithium phosphate batteries. During the demonstration, the buses were fueled at a liquid hydrogen storage and gaseous dispensing station designed, built, and maintained by Air Liquide Canada. During the 3-year data period analyzed for the report, the FCEB fleet accumulated more than 3 million kilometers (1.88 million miles) and approximately 150,500 hours on the fuel cell power plants. Also the FCEBs have an average fuel consumption of 15.67 kilograms of hydrogen per 100 kilometers. This equates to a fuel economy of 4.48 miles per diesel gallon equivalent (mi/DGE). The buses achieved an average availability of 64%. Toward the end of the planned demonstration, several buses developed durability issues with the air supply system that resulted in the agency permanently removing them from service. BC Transit decided to remove the buses from service because the repair cost and wait time for parts was not suitable considering the time left in the demonstration. If the demonstration had been scheduled for a longer time period, the agency would have repaired the buses and placed them back in service. NREL calculated an adjusted availability to account for the buses pulled from service. Overall adjusted average availability for the fleet during the third year was 71%, which is consistent with the first two years (69% for both years). The adjusted availability for the entire 3-year period is 70%.


One of the unresolved problems is the unsteady inlet boundary condition in current Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations or Computational Wind Engineering (CWE). It is known that the inlet boundary condition of the current CFD or CWE simulations is always specified as the steady one without considering the random turbulence effect from the upwind direction. In this paper a numerical procedure to generate inflow turbulence based on the digital filter technique (Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model) is presented suitable for Large Eddy Simulation (LES) models and validated to realize the inflow turbulence and this approach is adopted to investigate the flow characteristics in the empty domain based on standard and dynamic LES models.


NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) started the continuous measurement of the Earth's upwelling infrared radiation at high spectral resolution in Sept. 2002 in a 13:30 polar orbit.  The AIRS record was supplemented by the CrIS sensor flying on the NASA SNPP platform, also in the 13:30 polar orbit, in 2012.  In 2018 a second CrIS sensor on NOAA's JPSS-1 platform (NOAA-20) began operation, also in the 13:30 orbit.  Two more CrIS sensors are presently being procured for the JPSS-2 and 3 satellites, which will extend this record from 2002 through ~2040.  EUMETSAT's METOP-A/B/C provide very similar hyperspectral observations starting with the IASI sensors in the 09:30 orbit, starting in 2007, which will be continued with METOP-SG for years to come.

Inter-calibration of all of the operating sensors shows agreement generally to 0.2K or better in brightness temperature.  More importantly, we have shown that the radiometric stability of the AIRS sensors is in the 0.002 K/year range or 0.02K/decade, based on measurements of CO2 and SST trends.   Similar stability is expected for CrIS and IASI.  Community consensus suggests that direct radiance trending, followed by conversion of these trends to geophysical quantities will yield the most accurate climate trends.

Here we introduce a new satellite hyperspectral infrared radiance product we call the "Climate Hyperspectral InfraRed Product (CHIRP)" that combines AIRS, CrIS, and IASI into a homogeneous Level 1 radiance product with a common spectral response and channel centers for all three satellites.  This grid is equivalent to an interferometer with optical path differences of 0.8/0.6/0.4 cm for the long-wave/mid-wave/short-wave spectral bands.  This corresponds to a virtual instrument with the same spectral resolution of the JPSS-1 CrIS sensor in the long-wave, with 25/50% degradation in spectral resolution in the mid-wave/short-wave.  This choice allows accurate conversion of the long AIRS record to an equivalent interferometer record.  Conversion of IASI to CHIRP is trivial.  Conversion of all sensors to the CHIRP spectra grid permits simple adjustments of inter-satellite radiometric bias differences since all measurements are first converted to a common spectral grid.  Multiple methods (SNOs, statistical inter-comparisons) indicate these adjustments can be made to the 0.03K level or better.

A sample application of CHIRP to climate trending will be given by showing multi-decade anomalies of temperature, humidity, and ozone profiles retrieved from CHIRP radiance anomalies, a retrieval that requires almost no a-priori information.  This data set should yield definitive measurements of water-vapor feedback and heavily contribute to our understanding of both tropospheric and stratospheric temperature trends.   Initial production of CHIRP radiances that combine AIRS and CrIS are expected to begin in late 2020.


The present paper is part of a research that is developed within the sustainable building design through the revisiting of the traditional construction materials. The results obtained show that the natural stone, enhanced by technological innovations, are often capable of providing excellent performance. Based on the tests, it was possible to verify and validate the hypothesis that the proposed new system of external vertical opaque enclosure consisting in a panel in dry-assembled and pre-compressed blocks of natural stone through reinforcing steel, has good performances when used both in the case of new design in the case of recovery of modern buildings, when the intervention is being addressed within of an overall building improvement regarding the security, sustainability, functionality and image. This paper reports the first results obtained by the study of the feasibility of the envelope being tested, through the definition of all the details of links with the existing building structure.


Ultrasound-guided catheterization of the central vein is a precise, safe, and easy compared with the conventional landmark method. We incidentally detected thrombosis in the right internal jugular vein (IJV) during the ultrasound-guided cannulation (on) in a 22-month-old male patient. Cardiac operations had been performed 5 times previously and the right IJV was cannulated lastly 2 months ago. The thrombosis occluded right IJV near totally, so we cannulated the left IJV instead using the ultrasound. This case demonstrates that ultrasound-guided central vein catheterization approach is helpful not only in precise puncture but also in selection of appropriate vessel. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2008; 54: 214∼6)


This paper contains an activity chart that defines the inter-relationships of the various activities involved in a load-control program. The implementation process for load control programs has five stages, as outlined. This process must be scheduled. A time sequence approach is recommended. Data should also be compiled on load control implementation. These specific issues are also discussed: selecting load-control equipment, developing specifications for hardware, coordinating the EMS and distribution SCADA systems, developing quality assurance check programs, and monitoring dynamic deviations. More research will be needed to complete an integrated implementation methodology.


SHANK3 is an important excitatory postsynaptic scaffold protein, and its mutations lead to genetic cause of neurodevelopmental diseases including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), Philan McDermid syndrome (PMS), and intellectual disability (ID). Early prevention and treatment are important for Shank3 gene mutation disease. Swimming has been proven to have a positive effect on neurodegenerative diseases.


This paper presents the operation of domestic manufactured continuous wire rod rolling mill. The designed annual output was 200000 t. The mill was commissioned and put into production in 1998, and reached the designed capacity within six months. The investment of the mill was relatively small but with good effect. Now the annual capacity has been increased to 400000 t. Therefore, it is one of the successful domestic made wire rod production lines. The technique can be used for revamping of rod rolling mill.


The kinetics of oxidation of isobutyric and isovaleric acids by chromic acid in sulphuric acid medium have been studied. The end product acetic acid is supposed to be derived from the ketones which are the initial oxidation products of the corresponding branched chain fatty acids. The influence of acetic acid on the oxidation velocity has been examined and a marked effect on the rate constants with increasing acetic acid concentration has been observed. A mechanism involving the electrophilic attack of the oxidant on the tertiary carbon atom of the fatty acid to yield a carbonium ion has been postulated.

Oxydation von verzweigtkettigen Fettsauren mit Chromschwefelsaure

Die Kinetik der Oxydation von Isobutter- und Isovaleriansauren mit Hilfe von Chromschwefelsaure wurde untersucht. Die als Endprodukt auftretende Essigsaure entsteht vermutlich aus den Ketonen, die zunachst durch Oxydation der entsprechenden verzweigtkettigen Fettsauren gebildet werden. Die Untersuchung uber den Einflus der Essigsaure auf die Oxydationsgeschwindigkeit ergab, das mit zunehmender Essigsaure-Konzentration die Geschwindigkeitskonstante betrachtlich groser wird. Ein Mechanismus wird vorgeschlagen, bei dem das Oxydationsmittel das tertiare Kohlenstoffatom angreift, wobei Carboniumionen entstehen.


The article analyzes the important literary publications of the Ukrainian Artistic Movement (MUR), devoted to artistic, literary-critical, art history issues (in particular, the collections "MUR", MUR's аlmanac, "Arсh"). The issues of history, content, and direction of these publications are investigated, each of which is considered as a kind of integrity and is considered in the context of the literary activity of the MUR. The historical, cultural and socio-political prerequisites of MUR's publications, their ideological and aesthetic foundations, and functions are clarified. It is argued that the MUR's literary projects reflect general culture and social moods and trends, ideological and aesthetic changes in the Ukrainian emigration literary process of the late 1940s, that these publications present the most important ideas and works of that time. It is noted that the priority of the three Collections of Literary and Artistic Issues "MUR" was programmatic, and the MUR аlmanac aimed to reflect artistic diversity of literary life, in particular stylistic. The main attention is devoted to the "Arch" as an outstanding and unique phenomenon in the history of Ukrainian literary and literary-critical thought, in particular, the history of its creation, changes in editorial policy are revealed, its assessments are recorder in the views of contemporaries. Periodicals published under the auspices of the MUR had a great influence on the cultural and literary process of the late 1940s, contributing, in particular, to the consolidation of creative efforts, the duration and continuity of Ukrainian modernists and Europeanists literary trends. Memoirs, letters, papers of the creators and members of the MUR, in particular, Yuri Sherekh (Shevelov), Ulas Samchuk, Gregory Kostyuk, Yuri Lavrinenko and other became the source base for the study.


The article presents a clinical case, comparing the results of history, neurological examination, neuropsychological assessment and functional neuroimaging using PET / CT in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia in a 60-year-old patient with leading visual-spatial and amnestic disorders. The role of identifying the characteristic pattern of glucose metabolism in parietal, associative occipital cortex, medial and lateral temporal cortex, posterior cingulate gyrus and intact glucose metabolism in the primary visual cortex while diagnosing Alzheimer's disease is shown.


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for discriminating bills wrinkles. The device includes a bill input port, a signal acquisition module, an authentication module and a signal receiving / rejection module, wherein the authentication module further comprises a signal high-pass filtering the first unit, a first low-pass filter unit, a high-pass a second filtering unit, a second low-pass filter unit, a differential filtering FIG unit, a first feature extraction unit, a second feature extraction unit, a feature extraction unit, and a third discriminating decision unit. Since the feature effectively classify high / low pass filtering manner to enhance the distinguishability features. In particular different types of features corresponding to different classifiers, and between the classifier and having similar function Adaboost classifier, to ensure discrimination confidence, so that the more robust authentication system compatible with the environment external interference, and other complex instrument itself pollution , the entire pleated bill solutions and apparatus can effectively identify pleated bill.


Background: Attitude to, and confidence in, working with comorbidity is an important feature of effective engagement when working with clients with mental health and substance use issues. Substance use treatment clinicians continue to voice concerns about their own skill and abilities to work with this complex client group. PsyCheck is a package designed to support drug and alcohol workers to implement screening and brief intervention for common mental health problems. Aim: This study used a whole workforce approach to training using the PsyCheck package, and examined changes in clinicians' attitude, skill and confidence in working with comorbidity post training. Method: A pre-post test evaluation design was used. Thirteen national alcohol and drug services were offered a two day training program in the PsyCheck package. Clinicians' attitude to comorbidity was measured by the Comorbidity Problems Perceptions Questionnaire. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted. Results: Results indicate that invo...


A cable tray assembly for supporting cables, wires and the like. The assembly includes an elongate rail including an open channel extending along the length thereof. The assembly further includes at least one support member. Finally, the assembly includes a locking connector cooperating with the support member. The connector is sized and configured for insertion into the channel whereby insertion of the connector into the channel simultaneously locates the member at a position along the rail and fixedly secures the arm to the rail in the absence of fastening hardware.


We employ random geometric digraphs to construct semi-parametric classifiers. These data-random digraphs are from parametrized random digraph families called proximity catch digraphs (PCDs). A related geometric digraph family, class cover catch digraph (CCCD), has been used to solve the class cover problem by using its approximate minimum dominating set. CCCDs showed relatively good performance in the classification of imbalanced data sets, and although CCCDs have a convenient construction in $\mathbb{R}^d$, finding minimum dominating sets is NP-hard and its probabilistic behaviour is not mathematically tractable except for $d=1$. On the other hand, a particular family of PCDs, called \emph{proportional-edge} PCDs (PE-PCDs), has mathematical tractable minimum dominating sets in $\mathbb{R}^d$; however their construction in higher dimensions may be computationally demanding. More specifically, we show that the classifiers based on PE-PCDs are prototype-based classifiers such that the exact minimum number of prototypes (equivalent to minimum dominating sets) are found in polynomial time on the number of observations. We construct two types of classifiers based on PE-PCDs. One is a family of hybrid classifiers depend on the location of the points of the training data set, and another type is a family of classifiers solely based on class covers. We assess the classification performance of our PE-PCD based classifiers by extensive Monte Carlo simulations, and compare them with that of other commonly used classifiers. We also show that, similar to CCCD classifiers, our classifiers are relatively better in classification in the presence of class imbalance.


Abstract : This thesis examines the opportunities and risks associated with a new form of military cooperation between the United States and Russia: joint strategic special operations for counterproliferation contingencies--to seize and secure or to disable or otherwise neutralize weapons of mass destruction (WMD) facilities or WMD-armed terrorists. This thesis compares Russian and U.S. views of the future security environment, looking for areas of overlap that could serve as the basis for mutually acceptable cooperative approaches to military options--especially in areas in or around the former Soviet Union-- to deal with new WMD threats. The most effective military options might require the creation of a Russian-American response force similar to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Nuclear Emergency Search Team (NEST), expanded to be usable against a wide variety of WMD threats. This thesis analyzes the circumstances in which Russian-American SOF cooperation is more likely to succeed than U.S. unilateral action. The analysis concludes that information-sharing may be the most likely form of cooperation, although any Russian-American cooperative effort would reveal to the other side sensitive information about capabilities and vulnerabilities in that area of cooperation.


appeared several abstracts of these papers and of "the comments made upon them at the Glasgow Conference last month, but these share with abstracts in general the disadvantage that they do not give a complete picture of the arguments advanced for or against. The discussions on the papers have been most instructive, and let us add that they have also been most encouraging, for they have revealed this much at least, that there does not appear to be


Division of the eight economic zones is different from that of the east,middle,and west.It is comparatively more reasonable that it relies on the similarity of GDP,the economic development level and other factors.This paper discusses two periods,1993—1998 and 1999—2004,and provides the correlation of FDI,GDP,the imports and exports of foreign-owned enterprises,the overall amount of import and export commodity,and analyzes the trend and causes of the correlation.Finally some conclusions and countermeasures on absorbing FDI in the eight economic zones are given.


The paper describes the possibility of obtaining the alloyed semi-product material containing vanadium, chromium, nickel with high contents of alloying elements from a metallized iron ore pellets.


A microstrip patch antenna fed by a circular waveguide is presented. The microstrip patch built on a foam substrate is laid on the flange of the circular waveguide's open mouth. The waveguide feeds the patch by coupling energy to the patch through a narrow slot underneath the patch. Two operating frequency bands were observed and the characteristics of the antenna were measured.


In this article I am referring to political marketing campaign and digital tools as follows: Research. The research is about the process of collecting valuable information on voters, opposition, and trends. This provides the fullest possible picture of voter behavior; Data integration: Data sources are combined in order to provide a rich, holistic view of voter behavior. Correct data is the starting point for finding, understanding, and persuading people to vote a certain way; Audience segmentation: This segment the electorate into distinct audiences using predictive analytics, a form of artificial intelligence that takes into account the behavior conditioning of each individual to create informed forecasts of future behavior. That shows the electorate most likely to respond to the messages and how they might behave in future; Evaluation is the latest tool and treats the improvement in candidate's performance which is being measured and analyzed during and post-campaign. How to cite: Belgiu (Curea), C-G., & Constantin, I. (2017). Political Marketing Campaign. Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty, Section: Political Sciences and European Studies, IV (2), 25-32. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.18662/lumenpses.3


Since Reform and opening up,with the development of economy and the people's living standards improving, commodity trading market in HouMa grows quickly,and it has become the important collection and distribution center of production materials and goods for everyday consumption.Through the study of the development situation of commodity market of Houma City,this article analyzes the development superiority of commodity market and the comprehensive effect it brings about.Then this article points out the major problems existing in commodity transaction market in this city, and puts forward suggestions to further develop commodity transaction market and improve the economy of Houma City.


Twenty-one patients who presented to three sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in the south area of Los Angeles County were diagnosed to have anorectal or pharyngeal gonorrhea and gave a history of hypersensitivity of penicillin. Treatment with doxycycline, 300 mg initially, followed by 200 mg daily for six days was successful in all cases. None was found to have penicillinase producing gonorrhea (PPNG).


The aim of the present study is to explore the perception of Library and Information Science professionals in central universities about Knowledge Management and its integration into library practices. The study is conducted through survey by using a web-based questionnaire. A wellstructured both close and open ended questionnaire was administered to 75 LIS professionals who had been working in different central university libraries in North Indian States. The findings of the study indicate that LIS professionals' attitudes about KM varied from one another and their understanding of KM concepts also differed from person to person. But, the majority of them were of the view that KM provides enormous opportunities for LIS Professionals. The paper presents an overview of the perception of knowledge management among LIS professionals, and commends that KM skills should be imparted among LIS professionals so that they can stretch their understanding, change their long lived schemas, and to apply a rounded approach to design of KM system and library practice. KeywordsKnowledge Management; Libraries; Library and Information Science professionals; Perception; North India; Survey. Article typeResearch paper INTRODUCTION The launch of the concept Knowledge Management (KM) can be traced from the last decade of the 20th century, when it begins and faddish in the business world. Business world recognized the momentous of knowledge in the global economy of the knowledge age. In the new knowledge economy, the custody of important and tactical knowledge and its interminable regeneration empower corporate sector to addendum competitive profits. The applications of knowledge management have now reached to other sectors, encompassing Universities, Governmental units, Research and Development section etc. (Lee, 2005). Knowledge management (KM) is "a collection of processes that govern the creation, dissemination, and utilization of knowledge in an organization" (Newman, 1991). According to IFLA, KM is "a process of creating (generating, capturing), storing (preserving, organizing, integrating), sharing (communicating), applying (implementing), and reusing (transforming) organisational knowledge to enable an organisation to achieve its goals and objectives". It includes the management of explicit knowledge (i.e. knowledge that has been codified in databases, web pages, documents, etc.) and sharing of tacit knowledge (i.e. skills, expertise, or know-how) (Ajiferuke, 2003). In libraries and information centers, explicit knowledge is created inside the organization, such as minutes of meetings, theses, memos guidelines, reports, etc. or obtained from extrinsic sources, including databases, books, government information, journal articles, etc. However, tacit knowledge, embedded in minds of workers with a comprehensive knowledge of rules and regulations, work procedures, etc. (Wijetunge, 2002). Tacit and explicit knowledge, both is deliberate as the most important sources of knowledge of a library, the management of which should be done with utmost care and should be the prime motto of any library (Ajiferuke, 2003). KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND LIBRARIANSHIP: PERCEPTION OF LIS COMMUNITY Different library and information science (LIS) professionals perceive KM differently, and the present literature suggests that there is no worldwide consent of how and to what level knowledge management is linked to library and information science. Most of the authors consider KM as an oxymoron Broadbent, 1998), a nonsense management whim (Wilson, 2002) and some of the scholars sees it as a method of management (Shanhong, 2000). According to (Koenig, 1997; Davenport and Prusak; 1998) define KM as librarianship or information management by another name (Koenig, 1997; Davenport and Prusak; 1998). In spite of a link between information management and knowledge management, many scholars made an attempt to differentiate KM from librarianship and information management (Morris, 2001; Todd, and Southon, 2001). Many scholars perceived that KM is an old concept (Hawkins, 2000) and a new name for what library professionals have been doing for years (Ajiferuke, 2003; Townley, 2001). Roknuzzaman and Umemoto (2009) delineate knowledge management as librarianship in new clothes (Roknuzzaman and Umemoto, 2009). Several studies have focused on attitude of Library professional about the knowledge management and its implementation in libraries and information centres. According to Nazim and Mukherji (2013) there is a variation in the understanding level of the KM concept among librarians (Husain, and Nazim, 2013), but the majority of them had positive attitude towards KM and its integration in libraries and information centers (Roknuzzaman and Umemoto, 2009). Although, attitudes towards knowledge management were not linked with librarians' experience and no sector wise and gender wise major differences were examined in librarians' attitudes (Rahmatullah and Mahmood, 2013). The majority of library professionals considers that KM creates new job opportunities and also helps in the development of libraries and the LIS profession itself (Sarrafzadeh, Martin, and Hazeri, 2006). According to Siddike and Munshi (2012) in their study found that, a large majority earliest read knowledge management in the literature and nobody has done any course related to KM. Although, most of the respondents seemed that knowledge management is another management vogue like total quality management and half of the respondents sees knowledge management as a new concept for the library professionals who were already doing (Siddike and Islam, 2011). So, despite of a wide range of perceptions and attitudes of library professionals towards KM, most of the researchers view KM from more positive viewpoints and encourage LIS Professionals to get fully involved in the process of KM (Roknuzzaman and Umemoto, 2009). OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to examine the perception of library professionals towards the Knowledge Management, how they see to it and its implementation in the development and progress of libraries. The following are the major objectives of the present study:  To explore the perception of LIS professionals of central universities in North Indian states towards KM  To express the LIS Professionals on KM is just another fad like TQM  To identify the views of LIS Professionals on Information Management is just another aspect of Knowledge Management  To examine the opportunities and threats for LIS Professionals as emerged from the origin of KM RESEARCH METHODOLOGY To explore the perception of knowledge management from the viewpoints of various LIS professionals, a web-based questionnaire using freeonlinesurvey.com was designed for the purpose of data collection. The questionnaire contained 12 statements to be measured on fivepoint Likert scale (1Strongly Disagree; 5Strongly Agree) developed by Maryam Sarrafzadeh.


We study the behaviour near a boundary point a of a positive N-harmonic function u which vanishes on the boundary except at a. The conformal invariance of the equation plays a fundamental role in this description. By using spherical variables, we construct a new series of separable p-harmonic functions in ℝN.


We read with great interest the study by Ye and colleagues regarding risk factors and prognosis of transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA). Indeed, TA‐TMA represents a devastating and life‐threatening complication occurring more frequently in allogeneic compared with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Estimates of its prevalence vary significantly among studies. Although it has been a well‐recognized syndrome for decades, our understanding in terms of epidemiology and, more importantly, treatment options remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to retrospectively investigate the incidence of TA‐TMA in patients who underwent HCT from unrelated donors and identify prognostic factors and treatment outcomes. We enrolled consecutive patients who underwent HCT from unrelated donors from 2003 to 2015. TA‐TMA diagnosis was based on European Bone Marrow Transplantation criteria: increased (>4%) schistocytes in peripheral blood, thrombocytopenia, increased lactade dehydrogenase, and decreased Hb. Antithymocyte globulin (rabbit) was used as standardized part of the conditioning in almost all patients (total dose of 5‐7.5 mg/kg). Prophylaxis for graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) consisted of cyclosporine or tacrolimus plus methotrexate in myeloablative and mycophenolate mofetil plus cyclosporine in reduced intensity conditioning transplants. Upon identification of TA‐TMA, all possible causative factors were fully investigated. The mainstay of treatment strategy was withdrawal of calcineurin inhibitors, plasma infusion, and plasma exchange combined with corticosteroid administration and in refractory cases, humanized anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab). In total, we studied 179 patients, 74 male:105 female, aged 37 ± 14 years, who underwent HCT from matched HLA A/B/C/ DRB1 (8/8, n = 88) and allele‐ or antigen‐mismatched (n = 91) grafts. Grafts were derived from peripheral blood (157), bone marrow (18), and umbilical stem cells (4). Conditioning regimens were myeloablative (139) and reduced intensity (28) and toxicity (12). Median follow‐up was 11.5 (0.1‐147.4) months. TA‐TMAwas diagnosed in 29 (16.2%) patients, 12 male:17 female, aged 34 ± 12 years, 78 (9‐721) days post‐HCT for acute leukemia (21), Hodgkin (3), and non‐Hodgkin (1), lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome (2), aplastic anemia (1), and myeloproliferative neoplasm (1). Conditioning regimens were myeloablative in 24 patients (12 based


Family and friends who serve as caregivers are becoming increasingly important in supporting adults to complete various tasks such as transportation, shopping, and health care responsibilities like medication management (1). It is estimated that the number of adults older than 65 in the United States will nearly double in the next four decades (2), and over 80% of family caregivers of older adults are responsible for coordinating care between and among providers (3). However, the inclusion of these caregivers in the health care delivery process lacks recognition, coordination and standardization (4). Despite efforts to include caregivers (e.g., through informal or formal proxy access to their care recipient's patient portal), policies and procedures around caregiver inclusion are complex and inconsistently implemented (5). One policy, the Caregiver Advise, Record, Enable (CARE) Act, was developed by AARP, then introduced to state legislatures, and is intended to provide designated caregivers with discharge instructions and guidance. The CARE Act, now signed into law by 40 states, aims to provide health care providers with practices that integrate caregivers into the process of care delivery, but has failed to be broadly implemented within health care organizations (6). A national survey of health care executives, clinical leaders, and clinicians about caring for caregivers found that 79% of respondents are either not very familiar or not at all familiar with the CARE Act (6). Medicaid waivers are intended to provide caregivers with training and, in some cases, compensation; yet these efforts are uncoordinated across the U.S. (5). Tools have also been developed to offer caregivers shared access to electronic health records. Yet a significant issue remains: how are caregivers ultimately included in the team itself? Understanding caregiver inclusion in healthcare teams is essential to maximize the benefits they have to offer for improving patient outcomes. Most centrally, team-based patient care can be understood as an information sharing/ distribution of expertise problem, in which the optimal care solution might depend on important information that is not shared among members of the care team (7). For instance, a patient may receive information about wound care from their doctor during a visit, but the caregiver responsible for overseeing the wound care may not directly receive those instructions from the provider. This type of communication gap may then result in negative patient outcomes. More dramatically, health care teams failing to adequately include the caregiver's unique perspective may make suboptimal treatment decisions. In this commentary, we discuss considerations surrounding caregiver inclusion in health care teams and outline the implications of caregiver engagement for Editorial Commentary


The research mainly discuss about employees self potential in Ngangkring Apparel that is important for the company. The question of the research is about organization communication can increase employees self-potential?
The research was using qualitative descriptive with depth interview, and documentation to gather the data.
The result indicates that the communication organization effected the employees self potential through interpersonal communication, discussion, and award


Introduction: In our study, it was aimed to compare the results of adult patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of femoral neck fracture and applied internal fixation with cannulated screws with the results of the literature.
Method: In our study; The results of femoral neck fracture between August 2010 and August 2012 were included in the study. Fracture union, delayed union, avascular necrosis and arthrosis were evaluated in the patients. Evaluation of avascular necrosis of our patients was performed according to the Ficat-Arlet classification. Functional outcomes were evaluated according to the Harris hip score.
Results: The mean follow-up period of our patients was 32 months (24-48 months). In the follow-up, 16 patients recovered without any problems. Nonunion was detected in 4 of our patients. When our patients were evaluated according to the Ficat-Arlet avascular necrosis classification; Avascular necrosis was detected in 4 patients. The average duration of surgery for these 4 patients was 7 days. When our patients were evaluated according to the Harris hip numerical evaluation scale; Excellent results were obtained in 5 patients, very good results in 8 patients, good results in 4 patients, moderate results in 2 patients, and poor results in 1 patient.
Conclusion: Complication rate is high in femoral neck fractures. In order to reduce the rate of avascular necrosis, nonunion and other complications seen in patients who have undergone fixation, appropriate and acceptable reduction of the fracture should be achieved and a stable fixation should be applied as soon as possible.


Objective: Bronchial asthma is often associated with chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in which many cells and mediators are involved. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are used in the diagnosis of the disease. Yet PFTs are not available in every healthcare institution or some of the patients cannot cooperate with the procedure. The aim of this study was to determine whether mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR), monocyte eosinophil ratio (MER), and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) can be used in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma.

Method: Two hundred and twelve patients who were diagnosed with bronchial asthma according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria and 187 patients who were deemed not to have asthma were included in the study. Two patient groups were compared by examining the hemogram parameters at the time of diagnosis or exclusion of asthma.

Results: The levels of MPV, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and PLR were significantly lower in the Asthma group (p


Cancer is a disease caused by multiple factors, which must be considered the treatment mechanism from many aspects. The continuous development of medicine and its related fields, especially molecular biology technology,make people have a further understanding about the pathogenesis of tumor and carry on the corresponding treatments,it is the tumor targeted therapy. Tumor targeted therapy is in the cell and molecular level that people use certain spe-cific carriers, drugs or other active substances to selectively transport them to the tumor site, restricting treatment or drug effect as far as possible within a specific target cell, tissue or organ, kill tumor cells specifically and will not af-fect the normal cells, tissues or organ function. It's a way to improve curative effects and reduce side effects. This article is to make a review on the development present situation of tumor targeted therapy, the targets and mechanism, ex-isting problems and development prospect.


To speak of Comparative Law in the United States in the second half of this century is to speak of Rudolf Schlesinger. What Prosser did to establish Torts as a subject Schlesinger did for our field. Of course, like Moliere's Monsieur Jourdain, many had been dealing with the subject before him, but only after the appearance of the first edition of the casebook in 1950 did they know it. Schlesinger's approach to the subject was both conscious and preordained by his background; he made Comparative Law a "real" subject to "real" lawyers, yet-and this second theme has to be established at the outset-without sacrificing its normative, even idealistic claim to help bring nations and peoples to a better understanding of each other. Indeed, the heroic project he understood at about the same time, to identify and demonstrate by hard, patient, and above all detailed work a common core of legal principles in the most interior, doctrinally and precedentially close-meshed field of private law, established both his double claim on Comparative Law and his own doubled reputation on the practical and the normative side of the field. In terms of immediate impact the "Common Core" project probably would be considered a heroic failure. Like many such failures, however, it too has leaped a generation to be rediscovered by its intellectual grandchildren. Today's serious efforts to find and develop a unitary European private law is, consciously or unconsciously, a continuation of Schlesinger's effort; and if as a regional project it is somewhat less ambitious than his universally oriented one, its doctrinal scope is no less ambitious and no less based on exactly the kind of detailed effort Schlesinger postulated as essential to the legitimacy and eventual success of such ambitions. To his many students at Cornell and Hastings, of course, it is the other, the eminently professional academic-but over what a global range!-who presides over their memory and shaped much of their own thinking and even careers. Many of us learned Schlesinger on Comparative Law in the triple context of Schlesinger on Civil Procedure and Schlesinger on International Business Transactions, and that professional context gave his brilliant pedagogical skills the extra cachet that drew the kind of crowds to Comparative Law that otherwise could be found onlv in bar courses. The same context explains the enduring success of the now five editions of this pioneering work; in a sense, only after the field was


Innovation is the essence for the nation.In the outline of national science technology development,to construct the innovation system with special features is put forward.Based on the construction of science technology innovation system in Shibei District of Qingdao,the article summarizes the meanings of science technology innovation system.According to the existing problems in science technology innovation system construction,measures are put forward,such as optimizing innovation environment,getting the support from the government,building the science technology innovation terrace,and constructing the tower-shape innovation system with the characteristics of Shibei District to enhance the enterprises' innovation ability.


Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and laser-induced thermal desorption coupled with Fourier transform mass spectrometry (LITD/FTMS) are used to study the interaction of propene on Pd(111). TDS yields the exposure versus coverage dependence for propene adsorbed to Pd(111). A linear uptake from 0.1 to 1 L (corrected for ion gauge sensitivity) implies precursor mediated adsorption. Significant broadening and shifts to lower temperature occur in the TDS above about 0.26 L, which is assumed to be near saturation. Only propene (320 K) and hydrogen (300 and 500 K) desorb after heating a near-saturation exposure of propene. Propene mostly desorbs intact from the Pd(111) surface. TDS shows that no more than 10% of the near-saturation exposure of propene may decompose to surface bound carbon. Isothermal desorption data are acquired using LITD/FTMS at temperatures between 270 and 390 K. Rate constants are extracted from the data, and an Arrhenius plot yielded kinetic parameters (Ea and A):  Ea = 79.2 ± 0.9 kJ/mo...


This volume of the proceedings ''Symmetries in Science XVI'' is dedicated to the memory of Miguel Lorente and Allan Solomon who both participated several times in these Symposia. We lost not only two great scientists and colleagues, but also two wonderful persons of high esteem whom we will always remember. Dieter Schuch, Michael Ramek There is a German saying ''all good things come in threes'' and ''Symmetries in Science XVI'', convened July 20–26, 2013 at the Mehrerau Monastery, was our third in the sequel of these symposia since taking it over from founder Bruno Gruber who instigated it in 1988 (then in Lochau). Not only the time seemed to have been perfect (one week of beautiful sunshine), but also the medley of participants could hardly have been better. This time, 34 scientists from 16 countries (more than half outside the European Union) came together to report and discuss their latest results in various fields of science, all related to symmetries. The now customary grouping of renowned experts and talented newcomers was very rewarding and stimulating for all. The informal, yet intense, discussions at ''Gasthof Lamm'' occurred (progressively later) each evening till well after midnight and finally till almost daybreak! However, prior to the opening ceremony and during the conference, respectively, we were informed that Miguel Lorente and Allan Solomon had recently passed away. Both attended the SIS Symposia several times and had many friends among present and former participants. Professor Peter Kramer, himself a long–standing participant and whose 80th birthday commemoration prevented him from attending SIS XVI, kindly agreed to write the obituary for Miguel Lorente. Professors Richard Kerner and Carol Penson (both also former attendees) penned, at very short notice, the tribute to Allan Solomon. The obituaries are included in these Proceedings and further tributes have been posted to our conference website. In 28 lectures and an evening poster–session, topics ranging from theoretical chemistry and molecular physics via fundamental problems in quantum theory to thermodynamics, nonlinear dynamics, soliton theory and finally cosmology, were examined and lively discussed. Nearly all the talks can also be viewed on the conference website. The majority of participants contributed to these Proceedings but some were unable to do so as their results were either previously submitted or published elsewhere. We refer to: · Quesne C 2013, J. Math. Phys. 54, 102102. · Spera M 2013, (Nankai Series in Pure, Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics): 11 Symmetries and Groups in Contemporary Physics: pp. 593–598; Proceedings of the XXIX International Colloquium on Group–Theoretical Methods in Physics Tianjin, China, 20 – 26 August 2012 (World Scientific, Singapore) · Snobl L and Winternitz P 2014, Classification and Identification of Lie Algebras, CRM Monograph Series 33 (Montreal) ISBN–10: 0–8218–4355–9, ISBN–13: 978–0–8218–4355–0 (http://www.ams.org/bookstore?fn=20&arg1=crmmseries&ikey=CRMM-33). Our personal thanks to Daniel and family! Endless support from the Schenk Family who, among other things, sponsored (yet again) the entire conference dinner (including wines and banquet hall) meant that some costs could be alleviated. We could therefore assist various colleagues from economically–weak countries, despite the lack of external funding. A financial deficit meant we would have had to forego the Conference Proceedings, published in previous years by IOP. After long deliberations, and with donations from Gerhard Berssenbrügge, Dr. Dr. Stephan Hauk and Dr. Volker Weisswange, this could be facilitated. We are very grateful to these private donors for their generous and wholehearted support. The staff of Collegium Mehrerau is also to be thanked for their hospitality. Finally, our sincere thanks to Yvette not only for her preparatory work and support during the conference, but also for her persistent interest and help in producing the Proceedings within a reasonable time. Dieter Schuch, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Michael Ramek, Graz, Austria August 2014


A new instrument based on dielectric capacitance principle has been developed for the rapid evaluation of cotton fiber length. The instrument gives a frequency-length distribution of the type obtained by the comb sorter and also computes the familiar comb sorter length parameters on counters. The results of this instrument agree well with those of the comb sorter. The reproducibility of the results has been found to be good.


Interface mechanisms in international economic law refer to international, regional, or domestic legal instruments that resolve problems arising from differences in economic systems. The existing interface mechanism regarding disciplining state-owned enterprises (SOEs)' activities remains unclear and has led to disputes and a divergence of views among major trading partners, most notably between the United States and China. The underlying cause is the lack of an analytical framework to understand SOEs from a comparative view that may foster consensus-building discussions. This article constructs a comparative institutional framework to understand SOEs in a variety of market economy settings, which inspires new approaches in analyzing SOE-related legal issues in international economic law. This article takes the 'public body' issue in the WTO and the new disciplines on SOEs as examples, demonstrating that a type of activity-based approach can be a new interface mechanism for international rules on SOEs.


Abstract Optically active 4-substituted γ-lactones (3 and 4) were synthesized effectively using lipase-catalyzed optical resolution. N-methyl-4-hydroxyalkanamides (rac-1a–i) as substrates were prepared from N-methylsuccinimide. The alkylation of N-methylsuccinimide using Grignard reagents generated from various alkyl halides followed by reduction resulted in N-methyl-4-hydroxyalkanamides. The optical resolution of rac-1a–g was performed using Novozym 435-catalyzed stereoselective acetylation. The stereoselective preparation of 4-substituted γ-lactones (3 and 4) possessing various side chains such as isopentyl, phenyl, and phenethyl groups was achieved with more than 90% enantiopurity.


We experimentally display temporal chaotic waveforms in the mid-infrared domain with two different types of semiconductor lasers. The generated high-dimensional non-linear dynamics are of prime interest for private communications and physical random number generation.


In this paper, we present a tool for performing trade-off analysis of Quality-of-Service attributes of design solutions resulted from architectural, behavioral, or deployment changes in service-oriented systems. The tool allows for comparing the performance, reliability, and maintainability of such solutions, in an attempt to compute the optimal one with respect to the weighted sum of the considered quality attributes. Our tool uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process for computing these trade-offs and is integrated into the Quality Impact Prediction for Evolving Service-Oriented Software IDE. Consequently, architects and system analysts now have an easy to use tool set for making trade-offs for these system qualities.


Cross-user deduplication is an effective technique means to eliminate redundant uploading in using cloud storage by returning a specific response to indicate existence of the data in request. However, the deterministic response actually provides a side channel to attackers, which could be utilized to steal existence privacy of the target data in cloud storage. Because of the difficulty to achieve complete obfuscation in response for chunk level deduplication, such kind of attack still cannot be well resisted, let alone random chunks generation attack, a more sophisticated form to assist statistical attacks. Even though dirty chunks processing is able to resist such attacks under normal circumstances, a lot of communication overhead is introduced inevitably. To deal with these challenges, we propose a marking based obfuscation strategy in cross-user deduplication for cloud storage, which takes the lead to well improve security in cross-user deduplication under side channel attack as well as random chunks generation attack. Specifically, we first calculate the number of chunks to be marked to cover at least one duplicate chunk with great probability. Then perform marking strategy to the certain number of randomly chosen chunks, to consider them as inexistent before generating a response regardless of their real existence. To achieve light weight dirty chunks processing with security guaranteed, as long as at least a dirty chunk is found to be involved in the request, once more marking is introduced to achieve another obfuscation. The experimental results show that, the proposed scheme is lightweight in achieving security comparing with the state-of-the art.


There are diverse types of fundraising practices, one of which is crowdfunding (CF). It means external finance received from a large audience, referred to as a "crowd," by collecting a small amount from each individual (Belleflamme, Lambert & Schwienbacher, 2014). From a limited perspective, the domain of crowdfunding involves open calls for financial resources to the "Internet crowd" on internet-based service platforms (Gerber, Hui, & Kuo, 2012). In sports, the most successful crowdfunding is observed in eSports. For example, the Valve Corporation raised 21 million dollars as prize money for the DOTA 2 World Championships 2016 (http://dota2.prizetrac.kr/international2016). The basement prize was $1.6 million, and users contributed 19 million dollars to the prize money. Compared to other types of World Championships in sports, which are mostly sponsored by corporations, this championship raised money solely through the contributions of users. Despite such successful projects, few studies have focused on crowdfunding in sports. Therefore, in this study, we intend to analyze the motives for crowdfunding eSports events and watching eSports, as well as propose the user typology of crowdfunding participants. In addition, we will examine how behavioral intentions differ for each type of user.


This research is a type of descriptive research. The population in this study is all 2017-2021 theses, namely 131 theses. This study used a purposive sampling technique. The method used to collect data for the 2017-2021 Faculty of Forestry Thesis was to conduct observations and interviews with the Study Program section of the Faculty of Forestry, Lancang Kuning University. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the number of theses, namely the thesis of the 2017 Faculty of Forestry students, has done a lot of research on the subject of the economics of forest resources. The 2018 Faculty of Forestry Student Thesis has the most research on the subject of ecotourism and environmental services. In 2019 the thesis is dominated by the subject of conservation. The Student Thesis of the Faculty of Forestry in 2020 has a total of subjects that have been extensively researched on natural resource and environmental conservation. In 2021 thesis is dominated by the subject of silvilculture, forest entrepreneurship, ecotourism and environmental services.


We examine in this paper how van Hove critical points, in a given density-of-states distribution, modify the asymptotic behavior of the corresponding continued-fraction coefficients. Singularities within and at the boundary of a single connected band are discussed in detail, for one-, two-, and three-dimensional structures, in a simple and comprehensive way.


The invention discloses a method, a device and a system for outputting HiFi (High Fidelity) audio frequency. The method comprises the following steps that after receiving PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) code stream and PCM format information, an audio frequency manager Audio Flinger of a mobile terminal transmits the PCM code stream and the PCM format information to a virtual HiFi sound card preconfigured in the mobile terminal in a unvarnished manner; the virtual HiFid sound card transmits the PCM code stream and the PCM format information to a Mobile-HiFi convertor by virtue of a communication linkage established between the virtual HiFi sound card and the Mobile-HiFi convertor; and the Mobile-HiFi convertor generates an I2S signal based on the received PCM code stream and PCM formation information and outputs the I2S signal to an audio play device. According to the technical scheme adopted by the invention, the mobile terminal can be converted into a wireless digital turntable, so that when the mobile terminal serves as a sound source, the HiFi output of sound quality is ensured, and problems existing in the prior art are well solved.


The technological conditions of extracting progesterone glucoside compounds from ginkgo leaves were studied. Mixed products was separated by thin-layer chromatography. The results obtained shown that more than four kinds of pure compound were separated from ginkgo leaves.


Nuclear fission energy is considered to be somewhere between the holy grail, required to solve all energy worries of the human industrialized civilization, and a fast path directly to hell. Discussions about future energy sources and the possible contribution from nuclear energy are often dominated by variations of fundamentalists and often irrational approaches. As a result, very little is known by the general public and even by decision makers about the contribution of nuclear energy today, about uranium supplies, uranium resources and current and future technological challenges and limitations.
This analysis about nuclear energy and its contribution for tomorrow tries to shed light on the nuclear reality and its limitations in the near and long term future. The report, presented in four chapters, is based essentially on the data provided in the documents from the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Administration) and the NEA (the Nuclear Energy Agency from the OECD countries, the WNA (World Nuclear Association) and the IEA (International Energy Agency).


Fixed junction temperature operating tests have been conducted on two types of Ka-band IMPATT diodes: commercially available silicon devices, and gallium arsenide devices fabricated in-house. Median operational life of 106 hours at a junction temperature of 200°C has been predicted for the silicon devices, and the dominant failure mechanism has been identified as a localized penetration weakness of the platinum barrier layer. Experiments on the metallization layers of the GaAs devices have produced diodes with lower operating temperatures for a given added power, and longer life at the only operating temperature where the two devices have been compared, 350°C.


Green and smart mines are a new round of industrial revolution and technological revolution marked by automation, intelligence, and modernization. It is an important way and grasp for the 通讯作者。


Since the mid-1990s, there has been a tendency of floating population families, and their education is undergoing a change from traditional to modern. However, due to poor conditions of these families, there have appeared miscellaneous problems. The heads of these households have made relevant appeals and it is of great of social signifi cance to solve these problems.


This article describes traffic growth and congestion in West Midlands England (Birmingham Region) and the region's suitability as an IVHS test site. A scenario is proposed that by the year 2020 the region will support automated vehicle and traffic control systems and the necessary communication infrastructure.


Hypothesis / aims of study With increasing age men often develop lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as frequent voiding, a low flow rate and incomplete emptying of the bladder. A possible cause of these symptoms is bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), defined by a high detrusor pressure in combination with a low urine flow rate. Both parameters are measured during a urodynamic pressure flow study. The invasive nature of these studies can lead to morbidity such as urinary tract infections, discomfort and pain. Therefore, there is an apparent necessity for non-invasive techniques to diagnose BOO, ultrasound imaging of tissue deformation can possibly provide in this. Upon voiding the detrusor contracts and propels urine through the urethra. This results in a radial force on the urethral wall that leads to deformation of the urethral tissue. At parts of the urethra where it is surrounded by tissue (e.g. an enlarged prostate) that prevents this radial expansion, the passage will be narrower. This results in a decrease in urethral pressure and reduced radial deformation. With radiofrequency (RF) ultrasound it is possible to estimate deformation (strain) in biological tissue under compression [1]. Ultrasonic estimation of deformation upand downstream of the prostatic urethra could therefore be a measure for the differences in local urethral pressure. In a model of the urinary tract we have tested this hypothesis.


One of the most critical challenges of determining tiny seeds' engineering properties is their dimensions. In the present study, a method based on digital image processing was employed to investigate the moisture content's effect on geometric properties of summer savory, basil, cress, and ajowan seeds. Also, the gravimetrical and frictional properties of the seeds were measured. Gamma, Generalized Extreme Value, and Weibull distributions were used to model the probability frequency distribution of the seeds' length, width, and thickness. This research indicated that the application of the image processing technique could be an excellent method to measure dimensional parameters of tiny seeds. Results showed that, with an increasing moisture content of seeds, the 1000-seed mass increased for basil, cress, and ajowan seeds; but, summer savory seeds showed that increasing-decreasing trend. For all four plant spices, increasing moisture content will result in the bulk density decrement. The particle density of summer savory, basil, and cress seeds decreased due to moisture content increment. However, the particle density of ajowan seeds increased with increasing moisture content. Results of measuring the angle of friction on iron, wood, and galvanized surfaces showed that, in most cases, the angle of friction increased by increasing moisture content. Also, except for the filling angle of repose of summer savory, increasing trends were observed for the emptying and filling angle of repose due to moisture content increment.


Traumatized anterior teeth with subgingival fractures of the crown and root can be restored successfully after orthodontic extrusion. A technique is described which involves the use of a localized fixed appliance made of rectangular wire. The appliance is fabricated in the laboratory prior to bonding to the teeth with composite resin. The simple design of the appliance makes it easy to manage and esthetically acceptable to patients. If a tooth is to be saved, which as a result of trauma has a subgingival fracture involving the crown and root, it requires treatment of a multidisciplinary nature including endodontics, orthodontics, periodontics, and restorative dentistry. Since Heithersay (1973) reported a combined endodontic-orthodontic technique for the extrusion of a traumatized tooth, various methods have been described in order to adequately expose sound tooth substance for the finishing of the margins of the final coronal restoration (Heithersay and Moule 1982). These techniques require endodontic therapy to have been performed previously. In addition, it is recommended that the fractured segment of the crown be removed to facilitate fixation of an intra-radicular device for the attachment of the active component which is responsible for applying the extrusive force to the tooth. Removal of the fractured portion of the crown generally results in hemorrhage of the gingival tissues which were attached to that part of the tooth, hence, obstructing the operating field and preventing adequate isolation of the root canal. This problem can be overcome if the fractured coronal fragment is left in situ. This can be achieved by using pins plus composite resin (Spasser 1977) or composite resin alone (Mader 1987). The recently introduced dentin bonding agents also can be used (Ludolow and LaTurno 1985). When the active component is a spring (Fournies


Diffuse changes in white matter resulting from cerebral microvascular disease contribute to cognitive impairment (Jokinen et al., 2011), declines in global functionality (Inzitari et al., 2009), and even death (Debette and Markus, 2010). Twenty years ago, estimations of the clinical incidence of cerebral microvascular disease approached 11 million per year in the US alone (Leary and Saver, 2003). More recent estimations suggest the prevalence of diffuse white matter disease and silent brain infarction approaches 20% and increases dramatically in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors (Fanning et al., 2014). Two common clinical presentations of cerebral microvascular disease include diffuse lesions resulting in T2/FLAIR signal abnormality on MRI scans throughout the white matter. Highly related to this diffuse form, is the classic lacunar infarction, with imaging evidence suggesting that new infarcts occur at the leading edge of prior T2/FLAIR signal abnormality (Duering et al., 2013), with subtle changes in axonal diffusivity occurring in the same region (Maillard et al., 2011). Cellular events within this white matter penumbral region are therefore a likely contributor to the progressive nature of white matter disease. Despite the growing prevalence of cerebral microvascular disease, there are no known efficacious treatment strategies to prevent the progression or repair the injury burden of ischemic white matter lesions. In part, this results from a comparative lack of understanding about the precise pathophysiology of cerebral microvascular disease nor the resultant cellular biology that underlies diffuse or focal changes in white matter. This lack of understanding exists because of limitations on the ability to appropriately model white matter lesions in an easily accessible animal model such as the mouse. With the recent development of several variations in a mouse model of focal white matter stroke (Nunez et al., 2016), the field is poised for significant advances in understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying white matter lesions resulting from cerebral microvascular disease and to identify leading strategies to repair ischemic white matter lesions. Here, we outline the neurobiologic concepts and major strategies for repair of diffuse cerebral microvascular disease and white matter stroke (Figure 1).


Aspergillus versicolor is an abundant species and habitually isolated from soil, plant debris, saline water environments, and indoor air environments. Cultural, macroscopic and microscopic features including ontogenesis process of Aspergillus versicolor (NRRL 238) were monitored. Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopies were used to investigate the development of conidiophore and the process of conidium formation. Ontogeny of phialides in Aspergillus and Penicillium conidiophores were studied. Although, simultaneous production of phialides are confined to Aspergillus conidiophores and considered unique feature to Aspergillus species, former studies observed fragmentary heads resembling penicillate fructifications in Aspergills section versicolor. Our results revealed that, A. versicolor has ability to produce successive phialides separately such as those in Penicillium species and produce proper Penicillium conidiophore with monoverticillate structure besides Aspergillus conidiophore. This study designated to defines the development of Penicillium and Aspergillus conidiophores within A. versicolor as a member of section Versicolor.


Indicators of subjective quality of life of university graduate students of engineering directions are discussed in the article. The concept of subjective quality of life is synonymous with the concepts of "subjective well-being", "holistic health". Subjective quality of life can be seen as an integral indicator of the safety of human life. Results of study show that the subjective quality of life of students is at a safe level. The zone of greatest comfort is their relations with the inner circle. However, students have the "stress zone", which can be considered as potential danger to their well-being. These areas are mostly intrapersonal problems, first of all – control of emotional state. Girls show a lower level of subjective quality of life. They are less satisfied with their physical health and self-control, often have difficulty in relationships. The survey data are updated by the importance of the formation of the psychological component of the overall professional competence of students of university.


GINKGO BILOBA LEAVES AND EXTRACTS ARE WIDELY used over-the-counter preparations marketed in the United States as food supplements or nutraceuticals, and as such, explicit health claims are not listed in their labeling. In other countries and in the popular press, G biloba is advocated for the treatment of a broad and seemingly ever-increasing range of medical conditions. The extract used in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) study reported in this issue of JAMA by DeKosky and colleagues and in many other clinical and preclinical studies is Ginkgo extract EGb 761 (Schwabe Pharmaceuticals, Karlsruhe, Germany). The extract is standardized to contain 2 major constituents: 22% to 27% flavonoids and 5% to 7% terpene lactones (ginkgolides and bilobalide). Unique to G biloba trees, the terpene lactones consist of several ginkgolides and bilobalide. The flavonoids and ginkgolides have protean biological activity in preclinical research. The flavonoids are active as antioxidants and appear neuroprotective. Ginkgolide B is a potent antagonist of the platelet activating factor receptor. Ginkgolides A and J variously inhibit hippocampal neuron dysfunction and neuronal cell death caused by amyloid beta protein-42 (A 42). Ginkgolides A and J decrease A 42-induced pathological behaviors, enhance neurogenesis in animal models of Alzheimer disease, and inhibit A aggregation, providing considerable rationale for G biloba extracts as potential treatments for Alzheimer disease. Some of the components of G biloba extract are as active in preclinical models of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer disease as new drug candidates being developed by pharmaceutical companies and some research universities. The GEM trial involved 3069 participants who were not cognitively impaired or had mild cognitive impairment and were randomized to receive EGb 761 (120 mg twice daily) or identically appearing and tasting placebo and were followed up for the onset of dementia. The main results were that use of EGb 761 over the median follow-up period of 6.1 years did not delay the onset of dementia due to any cause including Alzheimer disease specifically. The hazard ratios for all-cause dementia (1.12 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.94-1.33]) and for Alzheimer disease (1.16 [95% CI, 0.971.39]) numerically favored placebo and the lower limits of the 95% CIs were not compatible with any potentially meaningful level of dementia risk reduction. The investigators also found no favorable effects of EGb 761 for reducing cardiovascular serious adverse events or total mortality, 2 of 4 secondary outcomes. The relationship of ginkgo extract use and cardiovascular disease is potentially more complex, however, in that the 25% of participants with cardiovascular disease prior to randomized treatment showed increased risk for developing dementia with EGb 761 treatment (hazard ratio, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.14-2.15], P=.006). Moreover, the infrequently occurring serious adverse events of hemorrhagic stroke favored placebo—8 events with placebo vs 16 events with EGb 761—although the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, this difference appeared inconsistent with the similarly infrequent incidence of vascular dementia (by definition dementia subsequent to stroke) that favored EGb 761, 17 placebo cases vs 7 with EGb 761 (hazard ratio,0.41 [95% CI, 0.17-0.98], P=.05). These 2 latter observations may be the result of chance, often seen in post hoc analyses of very few events. The former observation, however, suggests that at least in patients aged 75 years or older with cardiovascular disease, G biloba may have risks and the decision to use this agent should be carefully considered. Although DeKosky and colleagues do not report results of their 2 other secondary outcomes—overall cognitive decline and functional disability—it is unlikely that a trial with no difference in dementia outcomes would yield significant benefits in the cognitive and functional impairments that define the dementia outcomes. Nevertheless, the effects of EGb 761 on actual cognitive test scores and daily function ratings are important because individuals without cognitive impairment who use G biloba may expect it to noticeably improve their intellectual function over the short term but not necessarily to prevent Alzheimer disease or other dementia over the long term.


Yu Hua is one of the most illustrious avant-garde and post-modernist writers in contemporary China, whose chefs-d'oeuvre can be exemplified by a 1995 novel Chronicle of a Blood Merchant. Notwithstanding widespread accolades, Yu Hua's fiction is excoriated by his peer Han Han for resembling works translated from Western literature. In this research, I scrutinise the language deployed in Chronicle of a Blood Merchant under the framework postulated by Yu Kwang-chung. I propound that the language in Chronicle of a Blood Merchant bears similitude to Westernised/Europeanised Chinese, in that it involves conspicuous light verbs, nominalisation, bei passivisation, subordinating and coordinating conjunctions, plural forms, as well as premodifiers and particles, a considerable proportion of which are redundant and impinged upon by the English language.


We demonstrated surface-plasmon (SP) enhanced green light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Three types of Ag nanorod arrays with a minimum distance between the quantum well (QW) and Ag of 20, 40, and 55 nm respectively were fabricated on p-GaN layer. Photoluminescence measurements showed ∼175% emission enhancement for the 20 nm spacing while almost no enhancement for the 55 nm spacing. Simulation result showed that a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at a wavelength of ∼500 nm generated by Ag nanorod arrays induced InGaN/GaN QW and SP coupling. However, the electrical field of the LSPR generated by Ag nanorods only spread ∼40 nm in the vertical direction in GaN. This simulation result well explains the observation of SP-QW coupling emission enhancement for 20 nm spacing between Ag and QW, and the lack of enhancement for the 55 nm spacing samples.


BACKGROUND
Age-related hyperkyphosis causes deleterious effects on health, physical function, and quality of life. Recently, health care providers recognized it as a major health concern.

OBJECTIVE
To identify the effect of corrective exercise strategy on hyperkyphosis and compare it with that of conventional exercise.

METHODS
Subjects were randomly categorized into two groups. Each group comprised 30 subjects. Group A received the corrective exercise strategy, and group B received conventional exercises for 8 weeks of the study duration (15 repetitions of each exercise for three sessions/day for a total duration of 45 min and 4 days/week. Pre- and post-interventional hyperkyphosis were analyzed according to posture number using the Posture Pro 8 postural analysis software. In addition, pectoralis minor flexibility was assessed using the ruler scale method in centimeters.

RESULTS
Both groups showed highly significant postural alteration and changes in pectoralis minor muscle length (p< 0.001)CONCLUSIONS:The corrective exercise strategy seems to promote scapular stability and produce a more upright posture of the upper thoracic spine.


We consider an arbitrage-free, discrete-time and frictionless market. We prove that an investor maximizing the expected utility of his or her terminal wealth can always find an optimal investment strategy provided that his or her dissatisfaction of infinite losses is infinite and his or her utility function is nondecreasing, continuous, and bounded above. The same result is shown for cumulative prospect theory preferences, under additional assumptions.


One of six patients in a 1960 paper on "Cerebellar syndrome in myxoedema" was subsequently found to have adenocarcinoma. General post-mortem revealed carcinomatosis and basal pneumonia. Neuropathological examination revealed the changes of multiple system atrophy. The relationship between hypothyroidism, carcinoma, and cerebellar, pontine and striatonigral degeneration is discussed.


Malaysia has experienced several man-made disasters due to the some operation of rapid industrialize development and the number of cases of man-made disaster increases every year.These study reviews and analyses man-made disasters which occurred in Malaysia. The objectives of this study were to identify the causes of man-made disasters to develop an Expert System that could be used as disaster management aid to control the disasters. To achieve these objectives, a review of previous studies of disaster management in Malaysia was carried out. Information research accidents, which occurred in Malaysia,were obtained from several sources. It has been found that
Malaysia has experienced 28 disasters during the period 1991 to 2010. The disasters have resulted in 1,649 fatalities, 1,934 injuries, and caused severe damage to properties. Seven technological disasters have resulted in 104 fatalities and 201 injuries. Five man-made disasters have been reviewed in detail.This study shows that the factors, which contributed to the manmade disasters in Malaysia, were mainly due to Social, technical,Organizational, Operational, Investigational and Defences errors.Microsoft Visual Basic Express Edition 2005 was used as a medium for the development of Man-made Disaster Expert System (MMDES). The MMDES is versatile, portable, reliable,and applicable to other emergencies applications. This study provides a tool as an aid for the Safety Managers, as well as the DOSH in decision making and to agents, authorized people and researchers.


Assimilation of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is an essential process in many bacteria that proceeds via the glyoxylate cycle or the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway. In both assimilation strategies, one of the final products is malate that is formed by the condensation of acetyl-CoA with glyoxylate. In the glyoxylate cycle this reaction is catalyzed by malate synthase, whereas in the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway the reaction is separated into two proteins: malyl-CoA lyase, a well-known enzyme catalyzing the Claisen condensation of acetyl-CoA with glyoxylate and yielding malyl-CoA, and an unidentified malyl-CoA thioesterase that hydrolyzes malyl-CoA into malate and CoA. In this study the roles of Mcl1 and Mcl2, two malyl-CoA lyase homologs in Rhodobacter sphaeroides , were investigated by gene inactivation and biochemical


To support heterogeneous application types a video digital library will contain a large number of video objects with various lengths and display requirements. Multiuser access to the same video objects is required in order to increase the availability of video information and to make full use of the limited computing and storage resources. The access frequency and delay sensitivity of video objects require special methods to guarantee smooth playback of video objects and to minimize average waiting time. We propose an integrated approach to buffer and disk management for dynamic loading and simultaneous delivery of multiple video objects to multiple users. The allocation of buffer and disk resources in this study is based on quality of service variables such as average waiting time, display continuity, and viewer enrollment.


Large amounts of organic waste are produced worldwide. This work aims to evaluate the influence of organic fertilizers, onion peel flour (OPF) and fruit and vegetable flour (FVF) on lettuce cultivation. Lettuce seeds were planted in pure soil (P), P with 10% OPF, and P with 3% FVF. Soil and lettuce leaves were analyzed. The addition of OPF and FVF improved soil quality but only in the soil with FVF was there significant lettuce growth and increase of antioxidant activity: Folin (8.89 mg EAG/g FM), FRAP (1.31 mg Fe2+/g FM), ABTS (4.09 mg TEAC/g−1 FM) and ORAC (0.52 mg TEac/g−1 FM). The present results show an improvement in lettuce nutritional quality and the potential of FVF as an organic fertilizer.


With the emergence of the various species of the genus Homo at least 2–3 million years ago, a rapid increase in brain mass relative to body mass (encephalization) occurred (1). As humans fit the Kleiber equation for predictive value of resting metabolic rate (RMR) relative to body size (2), a reduction in the size and energy demand of another organ was necessary. The human gut is the only organ which shows a reduced size and energy demand relative to that expected for our body size (3). However a reduced gut size is only possible with a shift to a 'high quality' diet.


The meta photocycloaddition of alkyl- and alkoxy-substituted arenes to cyclopentene has been investigated and the relative reactivity of each substituted arene towards the various modes of addition determined. The results are discussed and are shown to be compatible with a polar mechanism.


Noun phrases, in either language in general or English in particular, are one of the pivotal topics in formal linguistics. This paper aimed to contrast the similarities and differences of the patterns of ideational structure and syntactic functions of noun phrases in two different text genres. It employed systemic functional linguistic approach using both Ideational structure analysis and syntactical analysis of noun phrases in narrative texts and news articles. The findings of this study show that noun phrases in narrative texts tend to be shorter and simpler, especially as they occupy the subject and object functions. The forms of pre-modifiers used also tend to be simpler (ranging from the use of one or two pre-modifiers only).  The same case occurs in post-modifier forms as well. In contrast, news articles tend to use complex phrase structures (two or even three pre-modifiers at once) which are coupled with other complex information in the post-modifiers. Appositives appear several times as post-modifiers to complete the information in the noun phrases. In conclusion, these differences prove that the determinism of writing style in each genre has a significant share in determining the pattern complexity of the noun phrase structures therein.


The aim of study was to monitor chemical parameters (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen, trimethylamine, free fatty acids, peroxide value, and thiobarbituric acid assay) in the samples of defrosted fillets of escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum) fish, packed in vacuum skin packaging (VSP) during 15 days of storage at +2±2 °C. Comparison was done with fillets packed in vacuum (control samples). The obtained results from our research showed that VSP packaging can be recommended, as it showed slightly better stability than vacuum packaging. The initial values of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) content (in mg/100 g) in fish samples were low (vacuum 16.36±0.65; VSP 16.67±0.45) and these values did not change significantly until day 9. TVBN was significantly higher (P<0.05: vacuum 23.31±2.41, VSP 21.76±2.08) in samples analysed after 9 days of storage. Similar results were found during estimation of free fatty acids content. Trimethylamine (TMA) content was in the correlation with storage time in the same w...


A duration calculation model has been developed and tested, containing algorithms for calculating indicators in Excel format, providing acceleration and comparability of calculations for several business plan options from the standpoint of project efficiency and risk


Services have become the dominant sector in the economies of most industrialized countries and consequently the interest for service innovation and service companies also increased, including in Sw ...


Improvements in health services for people with neurological conditions have not been a priority in spite of the NSF for long-term conditions, argues the Neurological Allance


Abstract We developed the extrusion system to evaluate the extrusion behavior such as the shear viscosity, which is one of basic properties, and the processability of mono/multilayer film with a small amount of polymeric material. In order to measure the shear viscosity, the gear pump, the return path and the pressure sensors were introduced into the extruder with intermeshing co-rotating twin screws. The viscosity could be evaluated on-line from the volumetric flow rate of molten polymer and the pressure drop in the return path before film processing. The capacity of gear pump, the shape and size of return path were optimized to evaluate the viscosity of polymeric material, which generally undergoes shear rate of 10 ∼ 1000 s−1 in the film processing. The apparatus for mono and multilayer film processing consisted of two extruders including the multichannel feedblock and T-die with the manifold and land section. The compact feedblock was designed to receive two feedstreams, so that the product can have two layers. We investigated the on-line viscosity measurement methodology and the processability, which is the neck-in phenomenon for monolayer film and the interface stability for multilayer film, using typical polymer material of 30 grams at once. The viscosity evaluated with our system corresponded with the result of commercial rheometer. It was also confirmed that the processability of mono and multilayer film could be evaluated quantitatively with our system.


Dangerous binge drinking is going down in 18‐year‐olds, but don't be fooled. By the time they are adults, binge drinking is going up among this same cohort, researchers have found.


Metal injection moulding technology for forming components of complex shape together with hot isostatic pressing allows sintered components to be fabricated with excellent properties due to their high density. In this study, we consider the corrosion behaviour of a plugging plate in an injector used in gasoline engines produced by full density powder metallurgy. The plate is made of martensitic stainless steel with three different compositions, two of which have been optimised to increase corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of these sintered plates is compared with plates made by conventional wrought metallurgy. Also the corrosion behaviour of the armature assembly of which the plate is a member is evaluated. The armature assembly is fabricated by welding the plate to the armature. This study is performed using electrochemical techniques in aqueous solutions (sulphuric acid and sodium chloride solutions) and in non-aqueous solutions to simulate the severity of the fuel, The full density powder metallurgy plotes with optimised composition exhibit corrosion behaviour close to or higher than those of wrought plates, whereas the full density powder metallurgy components with standard composition exhibit lower corrosion resistance and susceptibility fo intergranular attack in the heat affected zone of the weld. The tests confirm the mild nature of the organic solutions used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steel.


The solder joint fatigue life for an 8 I/O micro SMD chip scale package was determined using the Coffin-Manson, Soloman, and Engelmaier fatigue life relations. These fatigue life values were compared to experimental thermal cycle fatigue life data previously collected for this device. Finite Element Method was used to determine the strain range values for use in calculating the fatigue life of the most critical solder joints. The number of cycles to failure, N s was compared to experimental thermal cycling fatigue life tests (-40 °C to 125 °C). A global 1/4 sized model of the micro SMD mounted to a 1.0 mm thick FR-4 board was analyzed for solder joint elastic-plastic deformations at 125°C, 25°C, 0°C, and -40°C. The solder joints were fine pitch eutectic Sn63-Pb37 solder joints measuring approximately 0.18 mm in diameter and 0.13 mm tall. Plastic deformations were accounted for assuming bilinear kinematic hardening properties for the solder joints. The fatigue life calculated using the Coffin-Manson relation yielded a fatigue life of 1,200 cycles as compared to an experimental value N f of approximately 1,100 cycles. The Engelmaier fatigue life model yielded a fatigue life value of 88,300 cycles and the Soloman fatigue life relation yielded a fatigue life value of 55,400 cycles based on FEM calculations.


Seeds without pigmentation are commonly found in commercial lots of black oat seeds, especially when they are produced under stress conditions during their maturation process. In this study, we aimed to compare oat seed quality according to pigmentation. Twelve lots of black oat seeds from the 2012/2012 crop in the state of Rio Grande do Sul were used. Each seed lot was separated in two samples according to their pigmentation: pigmented and non-pigmented. Subsequently, treatment to overcome seed dormancy was performed. To evaluate seed quality, seed samples were submitted to the following tests and determinations: weight of thousand seeds, germination, first count of germination, seedling dry mass, seedling length, and germination speed index. According to the results obtained, there is no relation between seed pigmentation and seed dormancy. Black oat seeds without pigmentation present lower weight of thousand seeds and lower physiological quality compared with pigmented seeds. Qualidade das sementes de aveia-preta de acordo com a pigmentação Oat seed quality according to pigmentation Nilson Matheus Mattioni1* Manoela Beche1 Fabrício Fuzzer de Andrade1 Humberto Davi Zen1 Ingrid Cervo Cabrera1 Liliane Marcia Mertz2 1Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Setor de Sementes, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil 2Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – Embrapa Soja, Rod. Carlos João Strass, s/n, 86105-000, Londrina, PR, Brasil Autor Correspondente: *E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com PALAVRAS-CHAVE Avena strigosa Dormência Germinação Vigor


All the students of the 36th University Leadership Training Course hosted by National Academy of Education Administration had discussions and exchanges about "Guidelines on National Mid-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development Planning" on the afternoon of March 8,2010 after listening to experts' reports on this special issue.And they pointed out that the "Guidelines" would exert a positive,far-reaching impact on the reform and development of China's education,and it would promote the development of higher education from a new historical starting point.They offered suggestions as to how to make improvements in the "Guidelines" regarding "deadministration",reform in the system,talent production,and teaching assessment and they hoped that more specific measures and related rules and regulations would be introduced in the future to promote development and progress in China's education.


Objective To study the methods of dealing with the normal adverse reactions in venous transfusion.[Methods]Analysis was made on the normal adverse reactions in venous transfusion such as hemolytic reaction, pyrogen reaction, allergic reaction, pathogenic pollution reaction, etc. Different measures were taken to deal with them.[Results]Among the 94 cases, 55 cases had no adverse reactions; 31 cases had pyrogen reaction, 8 cases had allergic reaction; no hemolytic reaction and pathogenic pollution reaction was found.[Conclusion]It is vital to deal with different causes with different measures to ensure the safety of venous transfusion.


The author describes the characteristics of ballastless track with a new design of supporting slab that can be used in open country, in tunnels, on bridges and for metro lines. Road vehicles would also be able to use this infrastructure and, as a result, road and rail service combinations would be possible.


This article outlines the nine curriculum reforms at different stages since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Compared with the previous ones, the ninth curriculum reform emphasizes the operability of Compulsory Education Curriculum Program and Standards (2022 edition), pays attention to the interpretation of Curriculum Standards 2022 and teacher training, focuses on providing rich curriculum resources, and encourages curriculum innovation in regional and school‐based levels. In terms of practical results, the ninth curriculum reform is significant in enhancing five‐dimension integrative education and constructing the high‐quality curriculum system; implementing the "Double Reduction" policy to foster all‐rounded and harmonious development of individuals; and improving educational evaluation to promote educational ecosystem reform. Looking ahead, the Chinese government aims to enrich the content of curriculum to foster the students' moral character by establishing their global vision and comprehensive thinking. The future efforts will focus on optimizing the curriculum implementation, advancing localized implementation, and transformative approaches to nurturing students. Innovative models of curriculum reform will be further explored. Attention will be given to teacher practices, fostering increased enthusiasm and competence among teachers to actively participate in and contribute to the ongoing reform process.