【Objective】 The objective of this research was to search unique soybean germplasm for breeding programs.【Method】 The study was based on screening 254 genotypes collected from 26 countries with six SMV strains.【Result】 The results demonstrated that 158 genotypes were susceptible to SMV and 95 genotypes showed resistance to some strains of SMV.Only seven germplasm,Kaigen's kingenzu(PI 88486),PI 62202 and PI 407733 from China,Ito San(PI 189920) from France,PI 84549 from South Korea,and Shirome choutan(PI 417329) and Tousan 101(PI 507439) from Japan,showed resistance to all tested SMV strains.14 genotypes showed resistance or early-seedling-stage resistance to six strains and presumed carry Rsv4 allele,50 genotypes exhibited similar reaction patterns with known alleles to six strains of SMV,two genotypes at Rsv1,22 at Rsv1-k,16 at Rsv1-y,one at Rsv1-t,and 10 at Rsv3.25 genotypes showed distinct reaction patterns to six strains of SMV and presumably carry new alleles at the Rsv1,Rsv3,or Rsv4 locus.Research is underway to confirm the new resistance alleles via genetic study and molecular approach.【Conclusion】 The new identified genotypes resistant to SMV will be used as parents in the soybean breeding programs for resistance to SMV.


Typical calibration system of ASAP (Working Group for the Standardization of Application Systems) architecture is strong coupled where calibrating software is integrated with functional software of ECU (Electronic Control Unit), and it is inconvenient for compatibility and interchangeability of calibration tool and ECU. A solution of weak coupled calibration system architecture is presented to the problem. In this architecture, the ECU is separated to two parts including simplex ECU and special calibration device. The calibration device is set between calibration host and ECU, which connects to host by ASAP 1-a protocol and share calibration data with ECU by a dual-port RAM. ECU performs with parameters of dual-port RAM in calibrating pattern and with one of inner RAM in working pattern. If only the interface of dual-port RAM data is proper defined and consistent, developing and upgrade of calibration system and ECU is isolated, and integration of calibration device and ECU from different manufacturer to construct calibration system is more convenient and efficient. Further more, legacy calibration system can upgrade to the weak coupled architecture easily.


An experimental evaluation for the SAR (specific absoTption rate) is necessary to estimate the interaction between the human body and electromagnetic waves. This paper describes more precise measurement of the SAR distribution i the human head rnodel using the thermographic method.


The factors influencing on durability of elevator cables are considered. Classification of elevators by contact pressure value is developed. Distribution functions of refusals probabilities are constructed for the given classification groups based on the statistical data about elevators of a Kaluga city.


In this study, we use Varanus salvator as a model species to present the physiological implications of living in a highly anthropogenic landscape, as well as the consequences on the parasite community associated with dietary shifts.


A new formality of news——uncertain news could be brought up by observing the news reports of the Malaysian missing flight MH370.From the perspective of literature narration,uncertainty news could be related with unreliable narration.The ynreliable narration theory includes three dimensions and six formalities.Since the nature of this event can not be determined yet,news reports around the missing flight belong to the incorrect report and insufficient report of the fact/event axis.In the fictional literature narration,uncertain narration can be regarded as the contradiction of the direct narrator and the hidden author;while in the factual narrations in journalism,uncertainty narration can be sourced from the conflict between uncertain facts and hidden facts.The emergence of uncertain news provides a unique angle in understanding the uncertain narrations in journalism narration.


Power cont ro l is the key technology o f WCDMA mobile communication system which can improve the system capability and ensure the communication quality of links.In this art icle,We introduce the principle of power c ontrol in WCD-MA system,and expati ate the linear arithmetic of power distribution,then improve the formerly arith meti c of power distribution.


Significance Largely overlooked, the viruses of protists have started to attract more attention. Several viruses of the family Totiviridae are currently implicated in the increased pathogenicity of parasitic protozoa such as Leishmania to vertebrate hosts. We conducted a broad survey of RNA viruses within trypanosomatids, one of the iconic groups of protists. These revealed several previously unidentified viral taxa including one designated "Leishbunyaviridae" and a highly divergent virus termed "Leptomonas pyrrhocoris ostravirus 1." Our studies provide important information on the origins as well as the diversity and distribution of viruses within a group of protists related to the human parasite Leishmania. Knowledge of viral diversity is expanding greatly, but many lineages remain underexplored. We surveyed RNA viruses in 52 cultured monoxenous relatives of the human parasite Leishmania (Crithidia and Leptomonas), as well as plant-infecting Phytomonas. Leptomonas pyrrhocoris was a hotbed for viral discovery, carrying a virus (Leptomonas pyrrhocoris ostravirus 1) with a highly divergent RNA-dependent RNA polymerase missed by conventional BLAST searches, an emergent clade of tombus-like viruses, and an example of viral endogenization. A deep-branching clade of trypanosomatid narnaviruses was found, notable as Leptomonas seymouri bearing Narna-like virus 1 (LepseyNLV1) have been reported in cultures recovered from patients with visceral leishmaniasis. A deep-branching trypanosomatid viral lineage showing strong affinities to bunyaviruses was termed "Leishbunyavirus" (LBV) and judged sufficiently distinct to warrant assignment within a proposed family termed "Leishbunyaviridae." Numerous relatives of trypanosomatid viruses were found in insect metatranscriptomic surveys, which likely arise from trypanosomatid microbiota. Despite extensive sampling we found no relatives of the totivirus Leishmaniavirus (LRV1/2), implying that it was acquired at about the same time the Leishmania became able to parasitize vertebrates. As viruses were found in over a quarter of isolates tested, many more are likely to be found in the >600 unsurveyed trypanosomatid species. Viral loss was occasionally observed in culture, providing potentially isogenic virus-free lines enabling studies probing the biological role of trypanosomatid viruses. These data shed important insights on the emergence of viruses within an important trypanosomatid clade relevant to human disease.


Taking translation mismatches between (clause or VP) coordination and noncoordinated structures (sentence sequences and syntactic subordination) as an observational point of departure, we discuss the interpretation of coordinated structures and their alternatives with a view to the relative discourse salience of (the units corresponding to) the conjuncts. We show that coordination is used somewhat differently in Norwegian than in German and English, in particular, that syntactic coordination seems to be compatible with some discourse relations in Norwegian that are blocked in German or English. We argue that this might challenge the cross-linguistic validity of the definition of discourse relations in theories like SDRT or RST. In particular, this concerns the distinction between coordinating (SDRT) or multinuclear (RST) and subordinating (SDRT) or nucleus-satellite (RST) relations and the diagnostic value of the coordination marker and (or its counterparts) as a signal of discourse coordination. We conclude that a more refined approach to discourse structure may be needed to account for the mapping of discourse relations onto syntactic constructions and lexical items across languages.


Although polypharmacy has been associated with poor clinical outcomes, whether taking an increased number of medications is harmful or beneficial for older adult patients treated for cardiovascular diseases might require further discussion.


In Reply .–I appreciate the opportunity to comment on the letter by Drs Moore and Stecher. A close review of my article (preliminary report) by them will answer many of their questions. At the eight-month follow-up since preparation of this article, all of these patients are doing well. I have performed this procedure on more than 50 patients who had previous laminectomies for herniated disk or who had sciatica due to osteoarthritis of the spine. Most of the patients had considerable symptomatic improvement and favorable changes in the neurologic findings. Repeated follow-ups over a long period of time are scheduled. At a later date, these findings will be reported. At present, in properly selected patients, this procedure provides symptomatic improvement.


With the rapid development of knowledge economy in the 21st century, e-commerce is undoubtedly a more popular topic, with high efficiency and low cost in all areas. However, regional imbalance of e-commerce is a new problem in China. In this paper, we present an explanation from eight perspectives to analyze the causes of this phenomenon: economic level, Internet penetration, government policy, credit system, logistics, enterprise participation, talent, and customers' attitude. Based on analysis of the reasons for the regional imbalance of e-commerce, this paper puts forth suggestions for future developing e-commerce in the three different areas.


approach to counter-insurgency (COIN). These consistencies consist of two linked themes: the political nature of counter-insurgency; and the discriminatory use of military power. The former of these reflects the British assumption that success depends crucially on political as well as military action. In historical practice, this consistency has been realized through a structure of command and control, usually a committee system, to facilitate civilian control of, and inputs into, military activities. The latter theme reflects the recognition that the military aspect of counter-insurgency needs to be carefully calibrated; it has been expressed historically through a tactical approach that has focused on minimum force, the central importance of good intelligence, and flexibility in application. However, it is worth noting, because it is central to the argument which follows, that an important distinction can be made between general assumptions about the effective conduct of counter-insurgency and their detailed implementation in a given context. In explaining the distinctions between the understanding of theory and its application in practice, Thomas R. Mockaitis notes the distinction that needs to be made between methods and principles. Whereas British principles towards the proper conduct of counter-insurgency existed at a general level and developed over time, British methods, in terms of operationalizing those principles in each particular context, were worked out through a process of trial and error, even in Malaya – the great British COIN triumph. Mockaitis notes that, "a considerable amount of time and many, many lives were wasted in rediscovering effective methods in each ensuing campaign". Keith Jeffrey reinforces this point, noting that "A common characteristic of British counterinsurgency practice – at least in the early stages of a campaign – is confusion of aims, of command, of organisation and intelligence." Habits of thought do not necessarily translate into habits of action. This is a point that a study of the British experience in Northern Ireland demonstrates powerfully. The view that success in Northern Ireland was the consequence of the patient application of Defense & Security Analysis Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 165–183, June 2007


In photoacoustic imaging, the angular reception performance of ultrasonic transducers is a critical parameter to be considered for system designers. The quantitative comparison between cMUT and PZT emphasizes the difference between the transducer requirements and specifications between conventional ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. In this present work, we show significant benefits of cMUT based array transducers over conventional PZT arrays for the improvement of quality in photoacoustic imaging systems.


Communication between multiple database nodes in Distributed Spatial Database Systems (DSDB) must be as efficient as possible. This requires a message passing paradigm fit to achieve this. In this way, we have tried to apply MPI standards to implement DSDB kernel. In this work we present a useful result of this attempt that confirms the feasibility and suitability of MPI standards used on the implementation of DSDB kernel. We present the implementation, using MPI standards, of an efficient solution to distributed processing of the intersect spatial join operation, which combines two large spatial data sets that are located on two distinct nodes of a DSDB. This operator is considered a core operator of any DSDB.


The summer daily maximum temperature (Tmax) over South China features obvious quasi‐biweekly oscillation (QBWO) and its QBWO sources mainly include three types. The first type is influenced by tropical and mid–high‐latitude antiphase coupling QBWO. Successive suppressed and enhanced convection, accompanying with anticyclonic and cyclonic anomalies, propagate northward from the northwest of the Philippines to South China. At the peak warm phase, an anomalous high dominates over South China and causes significant warming. Meanwhile, an anomalous low associated with a southeastward‐propagating wave train occurs to the north and leading to abnormal cooling in situ. The second type originates from the mid–high latitudes. Before the warm phase, an anomalous high around the Ural Mountains triggers two wave trains propagating southeastward along the great circle route and eastward along the westerly jet, respectively, favouring an anomalous high over North–Northeast China. At the peak warm phase, the anomalous high extends southward, causing significant warming over South–Central China. The third type is influenced by tropical and mid–high‐latitude in‐phase coupling QBWO. The tropical anomalies are similar to the first type but the convection anomalies are centred to the northeast of the Philippines and propagate northwestward. The mid–high‐latitude wave trains are similar to the second type but with relatively weaker southeastward‐propagating wave train. At the peak warm phase, the anomalous highs from the Tropics and mid–high latitudes together dominate a large meridional scope and induce wide‐range warming over eastern China. Intrinsically, the QBWO of the convection north of the Philippines and mid–high‐latitude wave trains are important signals of the atmospheric variability and might be applied to the forecast of South China Tmax.


Water sorption properties of food solids are often determined gravimetrically using samples stored over various salt solutions. In such studies desiccators with or without vacuum can be used. However, the apparent equilibrium water contents may differ depending on the technique used. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the resultant isotherms when desiccators with or without vacuum were used for freeze-dried wheat dough, gluten, denatured gluten, native, and gelatinized starch and to determine the glass transition temperatures for gluten, denatured gluten, and gelatinized starch using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Using vacuum desiccators, all five materials were dehydrated over P2O5 until a constant weight was achieved. Using desiccators without vacuum, gluten and native starch were dried in vacuum for 3 days at 30 °C. Triplicate samples were rehumidified in desiccators with or without vacuum over salt solutions ranging from aw 0.113 to 0.843 at 24–25 °C. The BET and GAB sorption isotherm models were fitted to two water sorption data. Equilibrium water contents were achieved after 2–3 days of storage using vacuum desiccators, while equilibrium time was 2–3 weeks using desiccators without vacuum over the whole range of relative humidity (RH) for all materials. The GAB sorption isotherm for all materials showed clearly that water contents were higher at the high water activities (>0.6) and lower at the low water activities (<0.4) using vacuum desiccators, because of a probable difference in humidity between the external atmosphere and inside the desiccators with or without vacuum.


The wireless power transfer technology for electric vehicles charging has been largely improved during the last years in terms of system configurations, coil design, and control schemes with the aim to achieve higher power, higher efficiency, and longer transmission distance. The compensation stage is usually designed considering sinusoidal voltages and currents. However, the full-bridge converters used to generate the controlled voltage generate a square waveform, requiring design adjustments, reducing the efficiency of the compensation, and impacting the control performance. In this paper, a design guideline for the compensation stage and the evaluation of the performance of the wireless power sources system using power converters instead of sinusoidal sources is given.


In the paper, stability of a fourth-order switched affine system with state-dependent switching law is studied. Such a system arises when stabilizing the chain of four integrators with the help of a special control that makes the system track a desired trajectory when approaching the equilibrium state. The target trajectory is defined implicitly as that of the second-order integrator stabilized by means of a feedback in the form of nested saturators. One of the three linear systems composing the switched system under study is stable at the origin, while the two others have no stationary equilibria at all. The set of values of the feedback coefficients is determined for which the zero solution of the switched system is globally stable. Studying global stability of the system is shown to reduce to a simpler task of establishing stability of a second-order switched linear system with state-dependent switching law. It is proved that the latter system is stable for arbitrary switchings.


Two novel thiazolothiazole derivatives with trifluoromethylphenyl groups were synthesized and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray single crystal analysis, UV−vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, field-effect transistor (FET) characteristics, and X-ray diffraction. The FET characteristics of thiazole−thiazolothiazole derivatives are strongly dependent on the nitrogen positions. The derivative with a 2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)thiazole unit afforded a high performance FET device that showed a high electron mobility of 0.12 cm2 V-1 s-1 with a bottom contact configuration. Moreover, with a top contact configuration, high electron mobilities of 0.24−0.64 cm2 V-1 s-1 and low threshold voltages of 18−24 V depending on the surface modification were achieved. The relationship between molecular structure, molecular packing, electrical characteristics, film structure, and FET performance were investigated.


Dominant lethal, recessive lethal, and visible mutations occur in similar percentages in primary oocytes of Habrobracon x-rayed in a resistant stage, first meiotic prophase (LD/sub 50/ = 12,000 r), and in a sensitive stage, first meiotic metaphase (LD/sub 50/ = 400 r), after comparable doses, 25,000 r and 1100 r respectively. (auth)


Chest compression task in the process of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been a very important requirement for the purpose of rescue of patients in emergency. Resuscitation (CPR) is presented in this paper. According to the requirements of CPR action from medical viewpoints, a new parallel manipulator employing the architecture of Delta parallel robot is designed, which utilizes an optimization methodology for such applications. In this paper, the dynamic analysis and optimization of Delta parallel manipulator is carried out in details. The results clearly illustrate the optimization of the delta parallel robot to assist in CPR operation.


In this paper,the interior and exterior temperature of the deforming polycarbonate was measured by infraed radiation technique and thermocouple.The variety of interior temperature was obtained by T shape thermocouple in dynamic compression of polycarbonate and the variety of exterior temperature and the surface temperature field were achieved by infraed thermo-image instrument in quasistatic tensile test of polycarbonate.The results show that the temperature begins to raise when the tensile test approaches to the yield point and comes to the highest at the yield point with a raised temperature of 23 ℃ to 26 ℃,and the time of temperature raising depends on the strain ratio.The raised temperature is the highest in the center of the specimen and become to decrease from center to outside.The interior raised temperature of specimen depends on the strain ration and the distance from the outer surface.The raised temperature of the interior specimen is about 42 ℃,which is transformed from 60 percent of plastic work.


The level of geological exploration in Shu ntuoguo le-Manjaer area is lower relatively.It has been found out for sedime ntary character of Cambrian-Ordovician system and it`s relations with the devel opment of hydrocarbon source rock by explanation and analysis of seismi c data and outcrep information. Cambrian-low Ordovicion is mainly under compe nsational sediment of bathyal basin-slope-platform edge-carbonate platform.It is favourable for the development of hydrocarbon source rock.Especially bathyal basin and slope facies deposit.Middle-late Ordovician is super-compensatio nal bathyal basin (it`s feature is turbidite) and mixed continental shelf deposit.It is not favourable for the development of hydrocarbon source rock.


e542 DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM VOLUME 63: 11 (2020) Complete tumor resection without lymph node dissection is the standard surgical procedure for rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) because metastasis to the regional lymph nodes is very rare. However, anus-preserving surgery is sometimes difficult for locally advanced rectal GISTs because of the proximity of the GIST to the surrounding organs, such as the prostate, vagina, and levator ani muscle. In this video article, we describe a revised version of our approach referred to as "modified intersphincteric resection," in which transection of the distal rectum is performed transabdominally under laparoscopic vision. A 65-year-old woman with a BMI of 20.0 kg/m presented with a submucosal rectal tumor and was diagnosed as rectal GIST histologically. An elastically hard mass was identified 2 cm from the anal verge on the left side of the rectum by digital examination. The patient received neoadjuvant imatinib therapy for 7 months, shrinking the tumor from 55 mm to 38 mm on MRI. At operation, rectal dissection was performed with preservation of the inferior mesenteric artery until confirming the inferior border of the tumor. Because the operative view was very clear and the patient had a grade III internal hemorrhoid, the rectum was transected just distal to the tumor transabdominally in the anal canal. We carefully confirmed the resection line by checking the tumor location from both inside and outside the rectum laparoscopically; this allowed us to identify the minimum optimal resection margin. The rectum was then pulled out through the anus, and the proximal rectum was transected just proximal to the tumor. A rectoanal anastomosis was handsewn. This was followed by creation of the diverting ileostomy. Pathological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed rectal GIST with a negative resection margin. The patient underwent closure of the ileostomy on postoperative day 63. Three months after stoma closure, postoperative bowel frequency was once daily, with acceptable anal function. This approach for rectal GISTs close to the anus might be useful for determining the optimal distal resection line. See Video at http://links.lww. com/DCR/B380.


Abstract In lithiation of acetophenone ketal by butyllithium in diethyl ether, both aromatic lithiation and ketal ring cleavage are observed.


The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the Internet of Things and Technology-Supported Learning Environments, which represent current technological trends of higher education development. The method used in the paper is content analysis of available scientific literature - theoretical and empirical. It is shown how the application and integration of these technologies trigger significant socio-technological changes in the conditions in which higher education operates. The results show that the application of these technologies enables material savings, that it can result in increasing of the efficiency and effectiveness of the higher education processes and in adapting of the teaching process to the individual needs of students. The paper further discusses the challenges and risks that these technological change can bring to higher education and society as a whole. In the conclusion, it is pointed out that despite the numerous advantages that are being realized, it is necessary to develop human resource competencies and find solutions related to the ethical use of data.


This article inspected Nvshu culture from the Bakhtin's theory,discovered that it has the revelry features,namely,the strong rebellious,subversice and divulgence characteristic to real life and pursuit to freedom.It analyzes and unearths the revelry external characteristic and the spiritural connotation,provides a new angle for us to fully understand Nvshu culture,and give guidance to protect and develop Nvshu culture.


Purpose – To introduce an innovative method for the design of supporting elements to be applied to the free‐form components during the dimensional control.Design/methodology/approach – This paper shows an innovative procedure based on reverse engineering and rapid prototyping techniques for the realization of fixtures fitting the geometry of free‐form elements. The application of the procedure have been made on a sheet metal free‐form element. After the design and manufacturing of the supporting elements, some uniformly distributed measurements have been made on the sheet metal component. A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) has been used in order to get dimensional information and to give the IT class location of the component.Findings – The use of the CMMs for the dimensional control of the production elements requires the availability of an adequate supporting system above all if the control concerns free‐form components with complex forms. This influences considerably the final quality of the measurem...


Spindle cell carcinoma is a rare and peculiar biphasic malignant neoplasm that occurs mainly in the upper aerodigestive tract. It consists of sarcomatoid proliferation of pleomorphic spindle cells and squamous cell carcinoma. It is considered potentially aggressive in its biological nature with a high incidence of metastases. We report a case of this tumor with an unusual clinical course. The histogenesis of the spindle cell component is discussed in detail in the review of literature.


The mayor of Detroit (in 1952) discusses Detroit's traffic problems and traffic management strategies. Detroit's streets were organized in a radial fashion. These spokes originally served the city's transportation needs. However, that is no longer the case. The author describes the traffic congestion in the streets, the congestion's cost, traffic improvement strategies, and the infrastructure needs that are the most urgent.


"Open" approaches have the potential to enhance research, learning, and global knowledge sharing, and contribute to social justice. The open movement in higher education now extends beyond open access to content through a vision of transparent collaborative processes. We use an inclusive definition of Open, considering activity alongside content, and also incorporating infrastructures. We propose a high-level typology and model of Open to inform policy design and strategy delivery. Our preliminary work (2014) categorizes 12 domains of open as 3 broad types, elaborated in a relational model depicting interactions and reciprocal influences in an evolving open culture and worldview. Our emerging findings reveal important commonalities in the theoretical bases and practical benefits of the multiple open domains, supporting the case for promoting a unified policy agenda. Some guides exist for atomistic policies, but few studies have explored what a coherent holistic open strategy might look like for higher education institutions. Our goal is to fill this gap with a multi-country survey and policy analysis.


A broader approach to cultural management as the implementation of cultural policy at the state level is missing and smartness in this context was not analysed before. Research conducted by authors of this article allowed to formulate six main smartness dimensions in cultural management. In this article one of the main dimensions – the dimension of strategics is deeper analysed. It is problematic to find methodologies that allow a better understanding of strategics in practice, or even more – the smartness. The goal of this article is to ground the evaluation criteria and indicator system of strategics as smartness dimension in cultural management. The object of the work – strategics as smartness dimension in cultural management evaluation criteria and indicators. These following objectives are formulated: reveal the theoretical construct of cultural management at the state level; briefly characterize the smartness dimensions in cultural management; reveal the importance of strategics as one of smartness dimensions in cultural management; reveal the essence of evaluation criteria and indicator system of strategics as smartness dimension in cultural management. It is recommended to evaluate the expression of strategics in cultural management by invoking the evaluation system of 4 criteria and 62 indicators (using an integrated methodology). The evaluation system is composed further continuing authors executed research on better understanding of smartness in cultural management. It helps to reveal the strategics as complex category. Both the smartness in the broad sense, as well as its dimension – strategics – are grounded as factors, possibly determining a more successful cultural management at the state level. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.15.3.16612


Corticosteroids and anabolic steroids can induce remarkably similar presentations in the mental status changes that they precipitate. Most individuals demonstrate affect and mood changes consistent with patients diagnosed with either bipolar or unipolar affective disorder. In addition, affective changes can be accompanied by delusions in the minority of subjects. Presentation of the drug-induced disorder is dose dependent. Patients experiencing corticosteroid-induced mental status changes are commonly ingesting the equivalent of approximately 60 mg/d of prednisone orally with the symptoms appearing in most patients within a week of starting the drug. In addition, women are more likely to experience these mental status changes. Subjects abusing anabolic steroids generally do not exhibit any mental status changes until a dose equivalent to intramuscular testosterone 600 mg/wk has been reached. Unlike corticosteroids, high-dose exposure of anabolic steroids is accompanied by increased aggressive behavior that is problematic from not only a medical but also a legal standpoint.


In cellular traffic offloading through opportunistic mobile networks, existing schemes rely on the assumption that data can be entirely transmitted at each contact. However, transmission probability exponentially decreases as data size increases. That is, the contact duration in each contact might be insufficient for delivering large data. The objective of this paper is to find an optimal traffic offloading scheme through data partitioning so that the data delivery latency is minimized. There is a trade- off in data partitioning. Each small chunk in a path has a higher delivery probability than original data, and consequently, has a shorter delivery latency under the persistent transmission model with re-transmission. However, the destination needs to receive all the chunks in multiple paths to retrieve the data. A delay in any path will lead to a longer delivery latency. We formulate the optimal cellular traffic offloading problem and propose an approach to generate forwarding paths with possible heterogeneous data chunks. Specifically, we discuss the optimal solution for single-hop direct forwarding with multiple offloading helpers and optimal chunk sizes. Then, we propose using the node's social-feature to generate multiple edge-disjoint multi-hop forwarding paths. Extensive experiments on realistic traces show that our scheme achieves a much better performance than those without partitioning.


Liquid−liquid equilibrium data of butyric acid in the systems water + solvent with tri-n-octylamine as extractant and n-alkanes as diluent, and water + pure n-alkanes are presented. The distribution coefficient is a linear function of the aqueous concentration of butyric acid for pure n-alkanes. For solvents containing trioctylamine, the dependence of the distribution coefficient of butyric acid goes through a maximum at a concentration of butyric acid of about 0.2 kmol·m-3. An overloading of the extractant reaching the value of almost 6 was observed. The loading is independent of the extractant concentration. The experimental data were interpreted by a chemical reaction mechanism and a related model in which the existence of (1,1) to (7,1) acid−amine complexes and a monomer and a dimer of butyric acid in the solvent was supposed. The equilibrium constants of formation of these complexes and the distribution of individual species in the solvent were estimated. This model fits experimental equilibrium data...


328 women (302 nulliparae) were part of a multicenter study which was carried out in private practice with a Cu-7 IUD of reduced size. 10 Swiss and Austrian gynecologists were participants in the data collection. A preliminary evaluation of the results showed: 1) an easy often painless insertion; 2) high efficacy (5 pregnancies occurred); 3) good tolerance for this small IUD (25 removals i.e. in 7.6% due to pain and/or meno-metorrhagia); and 4) an acceptable expulsion rate (16 expulsions i.e. in 4.7% of all women). The continuation rate in the 28th month of this study is corresponding to the usual limits reported in the literature. (Authors modified)


A type of metal-core piezoelectric fiber(MPF) SMART layer has been fabricated and its sensing performance has been studied according to the needs of the practical engineering.Firstly,a distributed sensor——MPF SMART layer which integrated into the flexible circuit board(FCB),MPF component and smart layer has been designed and a sample was fabricated.Secondly,a theoretical model was simplified and a characterization procedure for MPF SMART layer was obtained.At last,a self-motivated calibration method for MPF SMART layer was proposed in order to avoid structural damage caused by the conventional method.Comparing with the conventional method,the maximum deviation of 3.6% was obtained.The results revealed that the self-motivated calibration method was accurate and reliable.The MPF SMART layer has excellent sensing performance.Its sensor factor is independent with any load,and that is consistent with the theoretical one.


As per the government of India census report 2011, women constitutes nearly 50% of the total Indian population which is figured as 1.2 bil lion but men still continues to enjoy the supremacy over women. The country is growing at a very rapid pace and it is believed that India will be a developed nation by 2020, but without the empowerment of various marginalized sections of the society including wome n, this development may prove to be an ambiguous one. The life of women in urban India has considerably changed with the overall development of the country but the women in rural India are still being deprived of basic amenities of life like education, health c are, nutrition, social security etc. The persistence of some social curses against women lik e gender discrimination, early marriage, women infanticide, domestic violence etc. , and lack of infrastructural facilities like schools, colleges and health centers etc. in r emote areas on the part of government adds more to the woes of women in rural India. Ther efore, to change the status of women in our society it is necessary to break all the soc ial barriers that come in between education and women of our nation. Education is considered as an effective tool for social change. The paper was aimed to bring about t he role of education in the empowerment of women and highlight the various trends and issues in the education of women in India. The data for the study has been ga thered through secondary sources and it was observed that women in India lag behind men at almost every level of education. Further, it was also found that the gap between mal e and female enrollment is more in higher education than elementary and secondary levels of education.


The free movement of persons is a keystone within the EU. At first only ascribed to workers, the right to free movement has gradually been extended through ECJ case law. After codification all EU citizens are now eligible for free movement within the Union through the Citizen Rights Directive. However, the right is not absolute. The member states may limit free movement rights on grounds of public policy, public security or public health. Expulsion (due to criminal acts) is an especially interfering form of restriction of the right to free movement with possibly far-reaching consequences for the individual EU citizen concerned.

The possibilities to expel EU citizens on the grounds of public policy or public security are to be interpreted and applied restrictively. The terms public policy and public security shall have a uniform interpretation within the Union. Nevertheless, some discretionary powers have been left for the member states to interpret the meaning of the terms in the national application.

Sweden's initial implementation of the Citizen Rights Directive omitted many of the principles of interpretation and necessary conditions codified through the Directive, as they were seen as already part of the law of the land. After criticism from the European Commission an amendment of the law was made in 2014, including mentioned principles and conditions. However, the amendment did not exercise Sweden's discretionary powers to finalise the national meaning of the terms public policy and public security, leaving a power vacuum in the applicable law.

The Swedish Supreme Court (HD) has somewhat filled that vacuum through its ruling in NJA 2014 s. 415. Despite this, several questions remain unanswered regarding the interpretation and application of the rules in question. Essentially, these questions have been left to the lower courts to answer. With regards to this, all Swedish lower court cases involving motions for expulsion of a Union Citizen since the law amendment 2014 are examined within the scope of this thesis. The result shows that lower courts, in far from insignificant numbers, omit the specific rules concerning EU citizens with regards to expulsion due to criminal acts. Many of the cases lack explicit establishments that the necessary conditions in the Citizen Rights Directive and the Swedish Aliens Act are met, as well as motivations on why those conditions are met. Furthermore, the thesis questions whether some factors, such as the seriousness of the crime and the EU citizens past criminal convictions, are relied upon for expulsion decisions to an extension and in a manner that in some cases is contrary to EU law. These deficiencies are caused by and lead to a continuously indistinct legal situation. According to the thesis, the faults in the application of the law can partly be explained by the Swedish legislator's (and to some extent HD's) failure to sufficiently execute its discretionary powers to define the ultimate meaning of the term public policy and public security. This, in turn, is caused by Union law's unclear separation of power to define the terms public policy and public security between the EU and its member states.

In conclusion, the application deficiencies cause a lack of legal transparency, in turn leading to reduced foreseeability and legal security as well as an application of law occasionally contrary to EU law. It is argued in the thesis that the deficiencies should be remedied through a law amendment or new case law from HD. Taken into account that a law amendment has been made as late as in 2014, continuous case law from HD seems the most likely solution.


The evaluation of the coverage probability of multistream multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications in HetNets subject to noise, fading, and intercell interference is undoubtedly intricate. Unfortunately, the current literature misses its comprehensive evaluation, as the effects of noise and cross-stream correlation are often overlooked. Furthermore, computationally friendly expressions of the coverage probability allowing engineering insights and adaptive system design are lacking. For multistream MIMO zero-forcing beamforming, in this paper we tackle these issues by considering scenarios where a receiver is in the coverage if all of its data-streams are successfully decoded. Assuming the max signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) cell association (CA), we adopt the stochastic geometry tools to provide an upper bound and an easy-to-compute closed-form lower bound on the coverage probability, while their accuracies are confirmed against extensive simulations. Our contributions are as follows. We prove that full correlation of data streams of a given link slightly reduces the coverage performance. We show that from a coverage probability perspective, the single stream communication is preferable. We exploit our analysis to explore several pertinent design issues, which have not fully discussed in the literature. Our results demonstrate tradeoffs between densification and multiplexing gains. We, further, see that by appropriately designating feedback channel with modest capacity 8 bits per frame per user, the spatial throughput grows by nearly 180 $\%$ over the conventional 1-bit feedback scenario. Finally, We present important extensions of our analysis to underlay spectrum sharing, practical aspects of the max-SINR CA, and a nonhomogeneous path loss environment.


Sex-role concepts of 162 senior college women are explored in relationship to ego strength, happiness, and achievement plans. The majority of women believe it possible to assume the roles of wife and mother while concomitantly pursuing extra-familial interests. Neither happiness nor the establishing of relationships with men differentiated women traditional in sex-role orientation from women primarily interested in realizing their own potential. Differences in ego strength were found to be associated with plans for marriage and career: Subjects who obtained the highest ego-strength scores were actively pursuing both objectives. The latter finding suggests that ego strength may be negatively related to the adoption of the traditional female sex-role.

The traditional conceptions of masculine and feminine are [assumed to be] inappropriate to the kind of world we can live in in the second half of the twentieth century. An androgynous conception of sex role means that each sex will cultivate some of the characteristics usually associated with the other in traditional sex role definitions … tenderness and expressiveness should be cultivated in boys and socially approved in men … [and] achievement need, workmanship and constructive aggression should be cultivated in girls and approved in women [Rossi, 1964, p. 608].


A procedure is proposed for finding the globally optimal semiconductor quantum well profile in respect to the second order intersubband susceptibilities at resonance. It relies on the combined use of simulated annealing and variational calculus (i.e. the optimal control theory), and effectively performs a free variation of the quantum well (QW) profile, searching for the global optimum. The proposed method does not depend on the choice of input ("seed") potential and includes the variation of a continuous function instead of a set of scalar parameters, so it should lead to the globally optimal QW profile for a particular application, unconstrained to any particular class of functional forms.


A five day survey was carried out to assess the odonate fauna associated with the riverine sections of two forests (Kribi Forest and Campo Ma'am National Park) of southern Cameroon. The primary objective of the study was to determine the species composition and community structure of the odonate fauna occurring in the forests. The goal is to infer the health status of the two forests. Three study sites were selected, one in each of the main water bodies in the forests (Rivers Kienke and Linde in Kribi forest, and River Bitande in Campo Ma'am National Park). All the specimens collected were identified to the lowest taxonomic level. A total of one hundred and ninety four (194) individuals of Odonata were collected in the forests comprising 10 families, 24 species of Anisoptera and 30 species of Zygoptera. Anthropogenic activities were less prevalent at Campo Ma'am National Park, an area in which all the 10 families were incidentally recorded. The community structure of the southern forest revealed that only River Bitande with Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H`) of 3.80 was having a stable environmental condition. Others were close to stable condition (River Kienke H` 2.99 and River Linde H` 2.95) with mild disturbance caused by human activity. Simpson index range (0.94 – 0.98) at the three study sites revealed that the vegetation was matured and stable. The distribution of dragonflies and damselflies revealed a stable environment (Evenness 0.90 – 0.95). Kribi Forest appears to be more impacted by anthropogenic activities as fewer (six) families were recorded there. The relative distribution of the species in the two forest ecosystems seemed to have some relationship with human interference therein. Key Words : Damselfly, Dragonfly, Diversity, Forest, River


This investigation deals with the normal long‐chain acetates with 18, 20, 24, and 28 carbon atoms. When crystallized from the melt, these compounds first give the transparent α‐phase which gradually changes to the white, opaque β‐phase on standing or on cooling below a certain temperature. It is found that the acetates in the α‐phase all give large dielectric absorption, whereas, in the β‐phase the absorption is small, or, in some cases, negligible.Of the long‐chain compounds so far investigated, the acetates in the α‐phase are unique in giving two absorption regions which appear to be the result of the rotational transitions of complete molecules. The maxima for the two regions are separated by about 7 decades in frequency. Measurements of the lower frequency absorption at various temperatures show that the associated energy barrier is very large compared with previous values for compounds of similar chain‐length. To explain these results it is suggested that a molecule rotating in the crystal lattice of...


Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of body weight support treadmill training with a driven gait orthosis (Lokomat®) on functional ambulatory outcomes with conventional physiotherapy in stroke patients during rehabilitation phase. Study design: Randomized, obseever-blined, pilot study. Setting: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital. Method: Twelve post-actute stroke patients, 8 males and 4 females with mean age of 53.1 years, were divided into 2 groups: the study group trained with Lokomat® and physiotherapy program and the control group trained with physiotherapy program only, 3 times per week for 4 week. Before and after training, the Functional Ambulatory Category (FAC), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), motor power of leg muscles, and the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) were measured. Results were compared between the two groups by using Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi-Square test for trend, and Fisher's exact test with significant difference when p Results: Median FAC was increased significantly from level 2 to level 3 in the study group, but not in the control group (p-0.003). Motor power and balance were improved in the study group (p=0.025, p=0.043), while no change was seen in the control group (p=0.62, p=0.062). No change in spasticity was found in both groups. Conclusion: Lokomat® training combined with conventional physiotherapy improved ambulation, balance and muscle power of the stroke patients during rehabilitation phase and seemed to be superior to conventional physiotherapy alone.


Objective To analyze the correlation between pulmonary regurgitation (PR) and right ventricular function in the patients with repaired tetralogy of fallot (TOF). Methods Fifty eight patients with repaired TOF were enrolled in this study. Pulmonary regurgitation fraction (PRF),right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI),right ventricular end-systolic volume index (RVESVI) and stroke volume index (SVI) were assessed using cardiac-MRI. Linear regression analy-sis was applied to analyze the correlation between PRF and RVEDVI,RVESVI,SVI. The patients whose RVEFIs were less than 45% were treated with digoxin,frusemide and spironolactone to im-prove the heart function; and 3 months later,their right ventricular function was reassessed using car-diac-MRI. Results Linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between PRF and RVED-VI (r= 0.700),a positive correlation between PRF and RVESVI (r= 0.685),and a negative correla-tion between PRF and RVEF (r=-0.523). The correlation between SVI and PRF was weak (r =0.334). In the 8 patients treated with 3 months medications,their RVESVIs were significantly de-creased from (76.5±22.5)ml/m~2 to (71.3±21.2)ml/m~2 (P<0.01); their RVEFs were significantly increased from (33.1±7.0)% to (37.9±6.8)% (P<0.05); RVEDVI and PRF remained unchanged (P = 0.650,0.326). Conclusions In the patients with repaired TOF,PR can cause RV enlargement and RVEF decreasing. Cardiotonic and diuretic medication can not lessen PR.

Key words:
Pulmonary regurgitation; Tetralogy of fallot; Cardic MRI


Simple Summary Plant eating by domestic cats is of interest to veterinarians and cat owners. Two surveys of cat owners were launched testing important questions regarding whether plant eating: (1) is a response to the cat feeling ill; (2) induces vomiting; (3) is a means of expelling hair balls from consumed hair. Based on observations of wild felids, it was also considered that plant eating may reflect an innate predisposition acquired from the ancestral cat. This study found that very few cats showed signs of illness before eating plants. However, 27 to 37 percent of cats, respectively in the two surveys, frequently vomited after eating plants; this indicates that gastrointestinal disturbance may be related to vomiting in some cats. Young cats consumed plants more frequently than older cats and young cats also appeared ill and vomited less frequently than older cats in association with plant eating. Short-haired cats ate plants as frequently as long-haired cats, suggesting that plant eating is not for expelling hairballs. Some guidelines for cat owners with indoor cats are provided. Abstract Plant eating by domestic cats is of interest to veterinarians and cat owners, especially with the current trend to keep cats totally indoors. Feline grass gardens are commonly provided to such cats as a reflection of cat owners believing in the need or desire of cats for eating plants. Two surveys with 1000 to 2000 returns from cat owners were launched over 10 years to test different hypotheses regarding plant eating. These hypotheses are that plant eating: (1) is a response to the cat feeling ill; (2) induces vomiting; (3) is a means of expelling hair balls from consumed hair. Additionally, a perspective acquired from observations of wild felids is that plant eating reflects an innate predisposition acquired from the ancestral cat. In this study, very few cats showed signs of illness before eating plants. However, 27 to 37 percent of cats, respectively in the two surveys, frequently vomited after eating plants, indicating that gastrointestinal disturbance may be related to vomiting in some cats. Young cats consumed plants more frequently than older cats and appeared ill and vomited less frequently in association with plant eating. Short-haired cats ate plants as frequently as long-haired cats, arguing against the hairball expelling hypothesis. Some guidelines for cat owners with indoor cats are provided.


Based on the valid patent data and stock price data of China A-shares, the patent effects of four patent species including the invention publication, the invention grant, the utility model grant, and the design grant, on the stock price and the stock return rate were analyzed via analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was proved that the A-shares having new patents of any patent species shown the higher stock price mean and the higher stock return rate mean than those A-shares having no new patents did. The A-shares having new design grants were found to show the highest stock price mean among the A-shares having new patents of any patent species. The A-shares in the group of top 25% patent count of either the invention publication or the invention grant shown the highest stock return rates mean than those A-shares in other groups of less patent count did. The invention grant, following the general concept, showed its excellent patent effect. The design grant, beyond the expectation, also showed patent effects on the higher stock price and the higher stock return rate. The finding would improve the state of the art in the patent valuation and the listing company evaluation.


Lean is not minimizing cost, cycle time, or waste. Lean is maximizing value. In product development (PD)—a process where the systems engineering (SE) of products plays a significant role—sometimes getting lean requires doing more, not less. Providing a preferred combination of technical performance, affordability, and lead time requires a flexible and lean PD process. Value is affected not only by the presence of necessary (value‐adding) activities in the PD process but also by the way those activities work together (as a system) to ensure that they use and produce right information. Lean PD requires the right information in the right place at the right time.


Sir, It is not unusual for the cranial nerves to be affected early in the course of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) due to the meningeal infiltration. Here, we report a 19‐year‐old male with the symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia and right third, fourth and sixth cranial nerve palsy as initial presentation of high‐risk T‐cell ALL. To the best of our knowledge, symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia as the first presentation of ALL has not been reported earlier.


Algorithms for wide area control of an excitation system are presented. The algorithms use a switched control method with speed feedback from a remote generator, and also account for communication delays. They can also reduce the negative effects of time delay. The wide area controller includes a lead-lag network. Simulation results show that the algorithms can improve the dynamic stability of an interconnected power system.


The precise shape of the Earth is now remarkably well known, but it was first measured by perhaps the oldest and most humble of instruments – the pendulum.


2 Abstract: It has been noticed that increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables is a practical strategy for consumers to optimize their health and to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Turnip (Brassica rapa) is one of the oldest cultivated vegetables that has been used for human consumption since prehistoric times. It is a rich source of vitamin C and anti-oxidants which possess the ability to protect the body from damage caused by free radical induced oxidative stress. In the present study the nutritional facts and the antioxidant capacity were evaluated. From this study it was found that white turnip had low calories (29.61 Kcal/100g) but high fiber (3.14± 0.92 g/100g), while the yellow turnip had (26.48 Kcal/100g) and fiber 2.90 ± 0.76. The 80 % methanol extract of yellow turnip showed highest radical scavenging activity (23.2-72.1%) than white turnip (18.3-65.2%) at 0.5-2.5 mg/ml and same trends were found in reducing power activity assay. The data obtained in the in vitro models clearly establish the antioxidant potency of Brassica rapa (turnip) extracts.


A novel ultra low power temperature sensor for UHF RFID tag chip is presented. The sensor consists of a constant pulse generator, a temperature related oscillator, a counter and a bias. Conversion of temperature to digital output is fulfilled by counting the number of the clocks of the temperature related oscillator in a constant pulse period. The sensor uses time domain comparing, where high power consumption bandgap voltage references and traditional ADCs arc not needed. The sensor is realized in a standard 0.18 mum CMOS process, and the area is only 0.2 mm2. The accuracy of the temperature sensor is plusmn1degC after calibration. The power consumption of the sensor is only 0.9 muW.


Submitted for the MAR16 Meeting of The American Physical Society Understanding self-assembly of charged–neutral block copolymer (BCP) and surfactant complexes using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation1 MONOJOY GOSWAMI2, BOBBY SUMPTER3, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MICHAEL KILBEY4, University of Tennessee, Knoxville — Here we report the formation of phase separated BCP-surfactant complexes resulting from the electrostatic self-assembly of charge-neutral block copolymers with oppositely charged surfactants. Complexation behaviors of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes has gained considerable attention in the field of soft condensed matter physics due to their potential application as functional nanomaterials for batteries, wastewater treatment and drug delivery systems. Numerous experiments have examined the self-assembled structures resulting from complexation of charge-neutral BCP and surfactants, however, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding at the fundamental level. To help bridge this gap, we use, MD simulations to study self-assembly and dynamics of the BCP-surfactant complex at the molecular level. Our results show an overcharging effect in BCPs with hydrophobic neutral blocks and a formation of core-shell colloidal structure. Hydrophilic neutral blocks, on the other hand, show stable, hairy colloidal structures with neutral blocks forming a loosely-bound, fuzzy outer layer. Our results qualitatively agree with previous SANS and SAXS experiments. 1This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division. 2Presenting Author 3Collaborating author 4Collaborating author Monojoy Goswami Oak Ridge National Laboratory Date submitted: 03 Nov 2015 Electronic form version 1.4


This paper presents an analysis of experimental data and compares it to two numerical analysis methods of light gage cold formed steel roof deck. The flexural capacity was determined upon the first failure mode of the light gage cold formed steel roof deck. A comparison of the experimental data was made to both the effective width method and the direct strength method. The objective of the comparison was to have a physical test provide the actual behavior of the light gage cold formed steel roof deck and grade how well the numerical analysis, effective width and direct strength methods, compare against the results. Material testing samples were taken from the steel roof deck and evaluated for the actual yield stress. This allowed for the most accurate comparison between the experimental results with the numerical analysis since the exact yield strength was used in calculation. It was found that the effective width method and the direct strength method vary in their prediction of the nominal moment capacity across material grades and deck thickness but tend to converge to a constant ratio, MnDSM/MnEWM, at thicker deck gages. The effective width method was found to be more accurate for thinner gage steel roof deck, while the direct strength method was found to be more accurate for thicker gage steel roof deck. The effective width method is better at predicting the strength of steel roof deck, particularly the thinner gage ones, while the direct strength method provided a much quicker process to find the flexural capacity of the deck. Both methods can be used to determine the capacity of the deck and it is up to the end user to determine which method is appropriate for the given application.


The present study evaluated renal injury induced by contrast media diatrizoate and lopamidol in uninephrectomized and dehydrated female Wistar rats. Twenty two female Wistar rats were divided into four groups according to the treatment performed: GI – Saline (n=5), GII – Sham (n=5), GIII – diatrizoate (n=5) and GIV – lopamidol (n=7). The effects induced by contrast media were evaluated by seric levels of creatinine and by descriptive and semi-quantitative renal histopathology. On the eighteenth day of the experiment, three hours after intravenuous application of contrast media diatrizoate, group GIII has presented increased level of serum creatinine compared to saline (GI) and Sham (GII) control groups. After administration of lopamidol, group GIV has presented decreased serum creatinine levels. However when comparing diatrizoate group (GIII) and lopamidol group (GIV), on the eighteenth day, there was no statistical difference in renal function between them. Proximal tubular cells vacuolization was proeminent (3+) in lopamidol and diatrizoate group. According to renal function evaluation, low-osmolar contrast media was as nephrotoxic as the high-osmolar one.


Malolactic fermentation (MLF) has been shown to improve organoleptic characteristics and to provide biological stability in the final product. Diacetyl is considered to be a major flavour compound and at concentrations between 0.02 and 2 mg/l, can give the wine a distinct buttery aroma, which will cover the varietal fruit at higher levels. In reductive conditions diacetyl is reduced to acetoin and 2,3-butandiol, which have a much higher taste threshold and do not contribute to the wine flavour. MLF in the presence of lees will always result in lower diacetyl levels, due to the reductive power of viable yeast to convert diacetyl to less flavourful compounds. Consequently, co-inoculation of wine with yeast and bacteria will result in less lactic and buttery flavours supporting a fruit-driven wine style. In a research collaboration with Massey University (Ramon Mira de Orduna), a Chardonnay wine was made using one yeast strain and two different malolactic bacteria strains. For each combination, the malolactic bacteria were inoculated either together with the yeast or upon completion of the alcoholic fermentation. The results show that sequential AF/MLF always resulted in prolonged malolactic fermentation when compared to simultaneous AF/MLF. Degradation of citric acid was different in the treatments. In the simultaneous treatments, citric acid was degraded faster and slightly more acetic acid was produced. However, the differences in final acetic acid concentrations were small and statistically insignificant. Sensory evaluation showed that differences did exist between the wines made using the different stages of inoculation, but little or no differences were attributable to the ML strain used. Wines made using co-inoculation were fruitier than wines made with sequential inoculation. In collaboration with the German research stations we investigated the simultaneous inoculation of yeast and bacteria into Riesling wine with similar results.


This article reports results of a qualitative study which aimed to inquire about meaningful narratives of 184 students of a teaching degree in Modern Languages in  private university in Bogota. The study intended to identify and characterise different aspects (linguistic, social, cognitive, pedagogic, emotional, or else) which pre-service teachers narrated as being meaningful for their learning once they finished their foreign language teaching practicum. Narrative events were collected through a self-evaluation instrument that was submitted by the students of different cohorts (I-2009 to II-2012) at the end of their teaching practicum. The article focuses on pre-service teachers' relationship with their pedagogical advisor during their practicum period. Analysis of the data showed that pre-service teachers established a close bond with their pedagogical advisor in which the advisors' support, experience, attitude, and knowledge are highlighted, particularly related to the role pre-service teachers acquire as didactic agents and not merely as pedagogical educators.


This study focused on integrating energy-saving education within the realms of natural science and religious, aligning with Islamic environmental values. Specifically, the aim was to create a teaching framework for instilling energy-saving values in Islamic secondary schools, integrating with the boarding school system (pesantren) guided by Islamic ethical principles. This research employed a descriptive case study approach in two Islamic school locations within Bandung Regency. Qualitative data were collected and analyzed using NVivo 12. Initially, a rich picture was used to depict the program's setting, identify issues, and assimilate energy-saving Islamic values. The result was the synthesis of a triangular model, illustrating the internalization of Islamic ethical values related to energy conservation across science, religious subjects, and daily school activities. This model serves as a viable solution, particularly for Asian countries such as Indonesia, where the education system intertwines religious and scientific education in their curriculum, fostering students' ecological awareness. The findings emphasize the need for competent educational stakeholders capable of innovatively integrating religion and science, possessing a solid understanding of energy conservation, to effectively implement these programs.


For centuries the Kanienkehaka (Mohawk) have struggled to maintain a certain level of autonomy by acting in accord with the principles of our constitution, the Kaienerekowa or Great Law of Peace. In the past, our interpretations of our law and of the core values of our society were greatly eroded and almost lost because of colonial influences. As Indigenous peoples we have found it necessary both to react to and to differentiate ourselves from the beliefs, values and practices that have been imposed on us. In recent decades, members of our communities have begun to take action, speaking up and creating artistic works about Indigenous culture and values. Our attempts to break free from foreign systems of governance, learning and religion sometimes use the tools of the dominant society. The work of Louis Karomaktajeh Hall is one example of this phenomenon. The Mohawk Warrior Flag he designed has been flown all over the world, serving as a symbol of the unity of Indigenous peoples in our common struggle, becoming a beacon of hope, and illuminating the discordant relationship between the dominant society and Indigenous peoples. My research, which deals in part with the appearance of the Flag during the Oka Crisis and Lobster Dispute at Esgenoopetitj (Burnt Church), is part of this movement. It introduces a Kanienkehaka perspective on the Flag, reconstructing its history and applying the philosophy of the Kaienerekowa to give a voice to the people who turn to it for support in their ongoing struggles with colonialism.


Significant milestones in the way to transform 4G LTE to 5G NR are analyzed in detail. It is shown that a number of the important tasks can be successfully implemented by a microwave photonic or/and millimeter-wave photonic approach to design network and terminal radio equipment. Short descriptions of microwave photonics as an interdisciplinary scientific and technological field, classification of the key elements and devices, and typical layouts of microwave-photonics-based radio-frequency transmitter and receiver units are highlighted. A version of costand power-efficient 5G remote station based on millimeter-wave photonic approach is proposed and discussed. As an application example, 5G fiber-wireless network for a regional-level area is design. Keywords—fifth-generation communication network, Radioover-Fiber architecture, remote station, microwave photonics, millimeter-wave photonics


Understanding thermal energy transport in polycrystalline semiconductors is important for the efficiency of electronic devices and thermoelectric materials. In this paper, we study the reduction of the transport of thermal energy in polycrystalline semiconductors generated by the shortening of the phonon mean free paths due to grain boundary scattering. We calculate the reduction of the thermal conductivity in polycrystals, from macro-to-nanograin sizes and different temperatures, by using a theoretical approach based on the kinetic theory of transport processes. The approach involves an exact expression for the reduction of the phonon mean free paths that includes their directional, frequency, and polarization dependence. By comparing the results of our model for the reduced thermal conductivity of the grain against the thermal boundary Kapitza resistance calculated by others, we find that the thermal conductivity of polycrystalline Si and SiC materials is dominated by the reduced thermal conductivity of...


Poultry sector has been facing threat of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) since 2007 in Bangladesh. The chicken Mx protein has been reported to exhibit antiviral activity against influenza virus. Therefore, targeting Mx gene may be an approach for development of AI resistant poultry. However, there is scarcity of information about the Mx gene and its diversity in chicken and duck in Bangladesh. To enumerate Mx gene and its diversity a total of 60 blood samples were collected from six chicken groups (Rhode Island Red, White Leghorn, White Rock, Barred Plymouth Rock, Necked Neck & Hilly) and four duck groups (Pekin, Rupali, Nageshwari & Common Deshi) from Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Nageshwary, Kurigram district and Natore Sadar, Natore district. Two sets of primers were used. Of them one set for Mx gene detection by PCR and another set for Mx gene detection and its diversity analysis by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using RsaI and SspI restriction enzymes. The Mx gene detection with one set primer was found to vary from 60.0-100% (average 77.8%) in chicken and 0-40% (average 43.6) in duck. However, with another set of primer detection rate was 40-100 and 66.7-100% in chicken and duck, respectively. PCR-RFLP analysis of 27 samples revealed that tested samples contain homozygous resistant (R/R), homozygous sensitive (S/S) and heterozygous (R/S) Mx allelic gene. In chicken the R/R, S/S and R/S Mx allelic gene was 38.9, 33.3 and 27.0% respectively; while in duck it was 11.1, 66.7 and 22.2%, respectively. Ducks were found more sensitive then tested chicken. Mx gene diversity was found to exist not only among the groups but also within the group of chicken and duck. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on Mx gene study in Bangladesh covering both chicken and duck.


We theoretically study the electronic transport of a straight quantum wire partly irradiated under an external terahertz electromagnetic field at low temperature. Using the free-electron model and the scattering matrix approach, we demonstrate that although the electrons in a ballistic quantum wire only suffer from lateral collisions with photons, the reflection of electrons also takes place. Interestingly, when the frequency of the electromagnetic field is resonant with the separation of lateral energy levels of the wire, there is a sharp step structure in the electronic transmission probability as a function of the total energy of the electron or the strength of the field. The physical origin of this phenomena is the electron intersubband transition when a finite-range transversely polarized electromagnetic field irradiates a quantum wire. The interference pattern also appears in the electronic transmission probability as a function of the field-irradiated length.


It discloses a current signal generation circuit and a current compensation means. The signal current generating circuit comprises: a first analog to digital converter circuit having an input terminal and an output terminal, receives as input a temperature signal that varies with temperature, whose output provides a first digital signal; and a first digital to analog conversion circuit, having a first input terminal, a second input and an output, a first input for receiving the first digital signal, a second input terminal for receiving a reference current signal, based on the first digital signal and the reference current signal whose output provides a current signal to a temperature temperature relationship. This current signal generation circuit may generate a current signal as a particular relationship with the temperature signal may be used to obtain a current signal is compensated with substantially no change in temperature or current source with temperature set relationship.


Supplier selection isoneofthemostcritical decisions in asupply chain. Whilegoodsuppliers cancontribute tothesupply chain's overall performance, incorrect selection candrivethe wholesupply chainintodisarray. Inthis paper, wefocus onthe problem ofsupplier selection inamanufacturing firm. We allow eachsupplier tocompetewitheachothertobeselected bythe buyerforprocurement. Thecompetition ismodeled inanauction framework asabidding process whereasupplier cannot observe immediate actions ofother suppliers buthascomplete knowledge oftheirprevious actions. We allowa supplier tousethis knowledge inguessing othersuppliers future actions andbid accordingly. Ourmodelenables repeated games,whichcanbe assumedtobemoreflexible comparedtomostgametheory applications inthesupplier selection literature. Reinforcement learning andfictitious playareusedintheauction framework to implement repeated games. IndexTerms:Fictitious play,reinforcement learning, repeated games, supplier selection


In this paper I present an interpretation of Deleuze's concept of the virtual. I argue that this concept is best understood in relation to the problematic of individuation or differentiation, which Deleuze inherits from Duns Scotus. After analysing Scotus' critique of Aristotelian or hylomorphic approaches to the problem of individuation, I turn to Deleuze's account of differentiation and his interpretation of the calculus in chapter 4 of Difference and Repetition. The paper seeks thereby to explicate Deleuze's dialectics or theory of Ideas, his approach to the principle of sufficient reason, and the concept of the virtual itself.


We present two case reports describing laparoscopic surgery in patients who have undergone previous Fontan surgery and discuss the theoretical implications of laparoscopic surgery in these patients. A brief discussion of the late complications of Fontan surgery is included.


The chemical composition of Frullania tamarisci essential oil from Corsica was investigated using GC-FID, GC–MS and NMR analyses. The essential oil compositions were further studied analyzing samples prepared from three different Corsican locations and during a seasonal vegetative cycle. 40 components, which accounted for 78.3–89.8% of the total amount of F. tamarisci essential oils were identified. The main components were tamariscol coeluted with pacifigorgiol (30.4–41.5%), germacra-1(10)E,5E–dien-11-ol (3.6–7.1%), γ-cylocostunolide (1.8–20.1%), γ-dihydrocyclocostunolide (1.2–8.0%) and frullanolide (1.7–4.9%). Among them, germacra-1(10)E,5E–dien-11-ol was never reported in the Frullania genus and pacifigorgiol, a tamariscol GC-overlapped compound, was for the first time reported in Bryophytes. Finally using 1D and 2D NMR experiments, we reported γ-dihydrocyclocostunolide as a new natural compound. Two Corsican F. tamarisci essential oils with different GC profiles were assessed for their phytotoxic behavior against onion seeds and seedling in order to evaluate their capacity to inhibit germination and alter the development of plantlets. According to the essential oil-compositions, a stimulation of the onion seedling was observed when sesquiterpene lactones amount was higher, whilst the inhibition of roots growth occurs when sesquiterpene alcohols were predominantly.


We mechanically clean graphene devices using an atomic force microscope (AFM). By scanning an AFM tip in contact mode in a broom-like way over the sample, resist residues are pushed away from the desired area. We obtain atomically flat graphene with a root mean square (rms) roughness as low as 0.12 nm after this procedure. The cleaning also results in a shift of the charge-neutrality point toward zero gate voltage, as well as an increase in charge carrier mobility.


The magnetic structure properties of several specimens in the gadolinium‐scandium and gadolinium‐yttrium alloy systems have been determined by neutron diffraction using the low‐absorbing isotope 160Gd. Neutron patterns were taken from annealed powder samples at temperatures from 4° to 300°K. In both systems, the alloys show ferromagnetism at high gadolinium concentrations and antiferromagnetism at low concentrations. The concentration at which this change from ferro‐ to antiferromagnetism occurs is about 80 at.% for Gd–Y and about 70 at.% for Gd–Sc. The observed antiferromagnetic structures are spiral type with turn angles between the moments in adjacent layers which approach 50 deg. per layer at low Gd concentrations. The ordering temperatures decrease with decreasing Gd concentration more rapidly in the Sc than in the Y alloys. Thus these alloys behave similarly to the other rare earth Y and Sc alloys studied previously. Dilution of Gd by Y and Sc affects the anisotropy of gadolinium differently. An 80 ...


The methods of negative interpretation and data processing for the modified standard cylinder test were introduced.The uncertainty origins of test results,mainly from the two aspects of measurement and data processing,were analyzed,and further the uncertainty evaluating method was established.The uncertainties of the modified standard cylinder test in 25 mm diameter were evaluated.Results indicate that the expanded uncertainties of the average displacement in radial direction and the expansion time with the degree of confidence about 0.95 are 0.24 mm and 0.056 μs respectively;the uncertainty of fitting curve is about 0.014 mm.Result above proves that the modified standard cylinder test and its data processing have high accuracy.


This exploratory study of a sample of 529 students attending Stanford University in the heart of Silicon Valley's computer industry was conducted to determine how a population that fits the early a...


Beta-lipotropin and beta-endorphin are released during pregnancy and elevated at delivery in both mother and baby. The purpose of this study was to determine if elevated endorphin levels contributed to respiratory depression in the newborn. Twenty-one prospective mothers between the ages of 18 and 35 with full-term pregnancies were selected for the study. Fifteen mothers delivered vaginally, while six delivered via cesarean section. Mixed umbilical cord blood was analyzed for endorphins, pH, and HCO . Blood gas analysis was performed on "arterialized" capillary blood obtained from the newborn. Beta-endorphin levels were compared in five different subgroups. These consisted of: 1. Normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries (NSVD) with artificial rupture of membrane (AROM). 2. NSVD with oxytocin (Pitocin®) induction. 3. NSVD with both AROM and oxytocin. 4. NSVD. 5. Patients who underwent cesarean sections. There was no significant difference in endorphin levels among the vaginally delivered groups. There was also no difference in beta-endorphin levels in the C-section group in comparison to the vaginally delivered groups. There was a direct correlation between cord beta-endorphin levels and capillary PCO2 in the NSVD group and an inverse correlation between cord beta-endorphin levels and cord HCO:, in the C-section group. These findings are indicative of respiratory acidosis in the newborn at delivery. In both groups of patients there was no indication that these abnormal levels were high enough to affect the newborns clinically. All infants exhibited Apgar scores of 9-10 at 5 minutes, and there were no signs of respiratory problems from the time of birth to discharge home.


Kidney-nourishing therapy is one of the characteristic methods of professor Wang Lingtai in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.Over the past 20 years,clinical practice and experimental researches have proved that kidney-nourishing therapy is an effective one for chronic hepatitis B.This paper discusses its mechanism from the perspectives of theoretic basis,focus,nature and treatment.


This paper presents an experimental and simulated demonstration of an all optical fast Fourier transform (FFT), based on optical interferometry, applied for the dropping of an optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) carrier. The OFDM signal, comprising an aggregate rate of 75 Gb/s quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation, was generated from an optical comb, with 12.5 GHz channel spacing, provided by the gain-switching of a semiconductor laser. The experimental results were then used to calibrate a system simulator where an all-optical Inverse FFT was included for the adding of an optical OFDM carrier. A synchronism mechanism was also configured in the simulation setup. The obtained bit error rate (BER) performance below the forward error corrector (FEC) limit for both, experimental and simulated, implementations, demonstrate the node architecture feasability for the optical processing of a superchannel with carrier spectral overlapping.


The diverse papers addressing immune responses, specific and nonspecific, within the local uterine environment, as well as in extra-uterine sites, presented in this session of the Third Annual International Symposium on the Immunology of Reproduction were based on studies conducted utilizing those techniques which gained standard usage in the decade 1970 to 1980. In this section, investigators presented the results of studies which examined cellular and humoral immune mechanisms operating in the local uterine environment; alterations in systemic maternal immunoreactivity, both that which is specific to the conceptus and that which is nonspecific; and activities of sets and subsets of immunoreactive cells studied both before and during pregnancy. In the animal studies, local immunoreactivity within the uterus was assessed. M. Kearns and P. Lala (Am J Reprod Immunol issue 3:2) claim that uterine decidual cells in pseudopregnant mice were of bone marrow origin. They produced bone marrow chimeras by repopulating lethally irradiated FI hybrid mice and identified decidual cells bearing donor-specific antigens utilizing an immunolabeling technique with monospecific anti-H2 antibodies. This interesting finding requires confirmation; however, the possibility that decidual cells have immune functions necessary for the maintenance of pregnancy is exciting. J.P. Krcek and his associates studied the accumulation of mononuclear cells in the vicinity of the trophoblastic giant cells in the pregnant mouse uterus. The infiltrate was more pronounced on the tenth day of pregnancy in matings with H2 haplotype differences. The fact that the mononuclear leukocyte accumulation was localized to the implantation site supports the concept of immunological recognition on an antigen-specific basis. R.N. Smith and his associates analyzed the maternal alloantibody response in allogenic pregnancies in rats. The primary and secondary alloantibody response following pregnancy were quite different from alloantibody responses following conventional alloimmunization. During pregnancy, the predominant source of the alloantibody was found to be in the spleen and was specific towards the conceptus. D.A. Clark and R.M. Slapsys (Am J Reprod Immunol issue 3:2) previously documented the presence of suppressor cells in lymph nodes draining the uterus of allogenically mated mice. Further studies showed that these cells appeared first in the uterine decidua after mating and reached their maximum concentration at the time of implantation. Their suppressive activity was not specific for the paternal MHC antigens but selectively inhibited the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.


The number of imposed and implemented tasks by the modern state is associated, inter alia, with the growth of administration, the implementation of many new procedures, public expectations for a quick and effective response. Such situations forced the creation of a new control system, on the one hand, exercised over the implementation of tasks by the state, and on the other, their settlement. It is important to realize that such a settlement cannot be limited only to the achieved financial result. The current view on the balance of activities must have a wider horizon, including answers to questions regarding effectiveness, legality, timeliness, savings, adequacy of actions that have been taken, as well as effects in relation
to the objectives and needs. The traditional meaning of control means comparing the actual state with the planned state required by law and finding irregularities in relation to the assumed state. Management control is a broader concept. The main activities are undertaken to ensure the implementation of objectives and tasks in a lawful, effective, economical and timely manner, taking into account such elements as internal procedures, compliance of the entity's activities with the law, as well as developed and implemented internal procedures, reliability of prepared reporting documentation, compliance with ethical principles, effective communication and risk management.


Opinion data are produced rapidly by a large and uncontrolled number of opinion holders in different domains (public, business, politic and etc). The volume, variety and velocity of such data requires an opinion mining model to be also adopted with the ever growing and huge volume of opinions and obtaining the probabilistic generative model advantages. In this paper we propose a parallel implementation of joint sentiment and topic (JST) model for simultaneously discovering topics and sentiments from reviews on Spark. Spark is an open source and fast cluster computing framework for large-scale data processing. Here we discuss the implementation of JST on Spark and also discuss the benefit of using Spark while exploring the challenges encountered. We used different Amazon opinion datasets with different volume such as (reviews of electronic devices, book, restaurants, DVD and kitchen). The results present significant speedup and high efficiency on larger scale dataset in our experiments.


Smartphones are becoming a part of our society, and their usage is becoming more and more widespread. Multiplayer games for these smartphones are increasingly popular and the hardware that is used ...


Currently, the fleet of aircrafts in Brazil and in the world has been growing over the past few years, and the trend is to continue this growth for at least a decade. In this situation, certainly that aviation companies and gear manufacturers require more resources for the study of the structures of an aircraft, with a focus on landing gear system, since flight safety is the main factor for the aviation sector.
An option to study the nose gear is using the finite element method that generates results through computational simulations by numerical modeling in several real engineering problems through Ansys Software. The purpose of this final project is to use this technique to analyze the stresses acting on the geometry of a nose gear in three conditions: landing, braking and taxiway.
For nose gear study, it is possible to concluded that is necessary a greater computational potential for analysis of the geometric component closest to the real geometry. During the development of this project were necessary simplifications in the project computational cost because of the cost and the limitation of the program in relation to the calculation of more complex geometries.However, when selecting and analyzing the most critical cases in the landing, it was possible to ensure great results and validate the numerical analysis.


The well-known Bean critical state equations in general are not sufficient to describe the critical state of type-II superconductors when the sample shape is not symmetric. We show how one can find the critical state in superconductors of arbitrary shapes. Analyzing a simple example of nonsymmetry, we demonstrate that in the general case, a perturbation of the current distribution in the critical state propagates into the sample smoothly in a diffusive way. This is in contrast to the usual Bean critical state where the current distribution changes abruptly at a narrow front.


Objective: to evaluate the understanding of graduating students in the last year of their nursing course about cardiorespiratory arrest. Method: cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach, conducted through a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, displayed in SPSS software version 19.0 and later, presented in a chart and a figure; then an analysis and discussion with literature were conducted. Results: the students did not see themselves as team members in the assistance of cardiorespiratory arrest. Conclusion: the difficulty that students demonstrate as soon-to-be nurses is insecurity coupled with disabilities in technical and scientific knowledge, which directly reflects the practical assistance provided by the nurse, who needs to understand that if you stay away from the care, the quality of life of patients will be compromised. Descriptors: Cardiorespiratory Arrest; Resuscitation; Graduating Students; Knowledge. RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o entendimento de graduandos em enfermagem, do último ano, sobre parada cardiorrespiratória. Método: estudo transversal, exploratório, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado por meio de questionário. Os dados foram analisados mediante análise estatística descritiva, dispostos no software SPSS versão 19.0 e apresentados em figura e tabela; em seguida, foi feita a análise e discussão com a literatura. Resultados: os graduandos não se viram como integrantes da equipe, na assistência à parada cardiorrespiratória. Conclusão: a dificuldade que os graduandos demonstram como futuros enfermeiros é a insegurança somada à deficiência no conhecimento tecnocientífico, o qual repercute diretamente na prática assistencial prestada pelo enfermeiro, ante a necessidade de entender que, se ficar distante do atendimento, a qualidade de vida do paciente estará comprometida. Descritores: Parada Cardiorrespiratória; Graduandos; Conhecimento. RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el entendimiento de estudiantes de graduación en enfermería del último año sobre parada cardio-respiratoria. Método: estudio transversal, exploratorio, descriptivo, de abordaje cuantitativo, realizado por medio de cuestionario. Los datos fueron analizados por el análisis estadístico descriptivo, dispuestos en el software SPSS versión 19.0 y, después, presentados en una tabla y una figura; en seguida, fue hecho el análisis y discusión con la literatura. Resultados: los alumnos no se vieron como integrantes del equipo en la asistencia a la parada cardio-respiratoria. Conclusión: la dificultad que los alumnos demuestran como futuros enfermeros es la inseguridad sumada a la deficiencia en el conocimiento técnico-científico, el cual refleja directamente en la práctica asistencial prestada por el enfermero, que precisa entender que si queda distante del atendimiento, la calidad de vida del paciente estará comprometida. Descriptores: Parada Cardio-Respiratoria; Estudiantes de Graduación; Conocimiento. Student, Nursing Undergraduate Course, Universidade de Taubaté/UNITAU. Taubaté (SP), Brazil. E-mail: email@example.com; Student, Nursing Undergraduate Course, Universidade de Taubaté/UNITAU. Taubaté (SP), Brzsil. E-mail: email@example.com; Nurse, Teacher holding a Masters' Degree, pursuing a Doctorate Degree, Holding an Undergraduate/Graduate degree in Nursing/GEnf/PPGENF, Universidade de Taubaté/UNITAU. Taubaté (SP), Brazil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE Gonzalez CM, Ferreira N, Nunes NAH. The understanding of nursing graduating... English/Portuguese J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 10(6):2038-42, June., 2016 2039 ISSN: 1981-8963 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.9199-80250-1-SM1006201616 Nurses, who are members of a health team, should have technical and scientific knowledge, which enables them to provide adequate assistance in cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) situations, which are relatively common and sudden emergencies. It should be highlighted that the nurses are in charge of the planning, organization, coordination, execution and the evaluation of the nursing services provided on a CRA occasion. According to law n° 7.498, of June 25th 1986, article 11, the nurses should provide direct nursing care to severe patients under life-risking situations, as well as major technical complexity care which demand from him/her adequate scientific knowledge and the ability to make immediate decisions. In order to provide an effective CRA assistance, it is important for the professional to have confidence, updated technical and scientific knowledge, agility and leadership, which will affect the life quality of postcardiorespiratory arrest patients. The American Heart Association (AHA) is an organization which provides protocols for the assistance in basic and advanced life support. Such protocols are updated every five years, aiming to develop and speed up an assistance which is adequately provided and free from malpractices. In this sense, the students attributed the difficulty in learning to provide assistance in CRA situations to the lack of abilities to apply the protocols concerning assistance to CRA and leadership, emotional instability and the shortage of material resources. It is important to note that the university should provide the means which will allow the students a satisfactory and efficient learning, affecting the qualification of more confident and capable generalist nurses. Due to the unpredictability of CRA and relevance of the adequate performance for the survival of the post-CRA patient, this study aims to: ● To evaluate the understanding of graduating students in the last year of their nursing course about cardiorespiratory arrest . Cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The research was conducted in the year of 2015 with graduating nursing students from a university of Vale do Paraíba


Summary Integrated interpretation through physical properties of rocks provides better approach towards understanding of geological set-up. High resolution heliborne time domain electromagnetic, magnetic and radiometric dataset acquired over Palaeo Proterozoic Bijawar Basin has been interpreted to enhance the geological understanding. The process involved knowledge driven analysis through correlation with geological units that outcrop and data driven analysis for extrapolation of information. Radiometric data in conjunction with spectral remote sensing data was used for generation of surface geology map. Spatial distribution of rock magnetization properties defines the subsurface extension of litho-structural elements and magnetic basement configuration. Electromagnetic data aided demarcation of resistive basement topography and various conductive layers. Radio-elemental distribution refines the unconformable contact shared by Bijawar Group with overlying and underlying group of rocks and also outlined the formational boundaries of arenaceous-argillaceouscarbonate-volcano-sedimentary sequence. Subsurface extent of basic volcanics is much more than its surface manifestation and appears to extend well below the overlying Vindhyan Supergroup of rocks. The unconformable contact of Bijawar Group with underlying basement and overlying Vindhyan Supergroup is marked by distinct change in conductivity parameter and has been outlined in depth to resistive basement topography. Fault system and its manifestation over different litho-units indicate multiple tectonic episodes.


This is a view of Chinese religion from the Taoist perspective, derived from fieldwork in Taiwan, Hong Kong and the People's Republic of China. The book is based on the Taoist hypothesis that all Chinese rites of passage and festivals are structured by the Yin-Yang five element cosmology. Buddhist and Taoist meditations of emptying, marriage, birthing, initiation, burial, ancestor rituals and the annual festivals are described through the eyes of the experts called on to serve family and village needs. The work ends with a view of religion in the People's Republic of China during a period of renewal and restoration.