Self-organization is an important topic of material physics. It is caused by a property (amphipathicity) to have both liking water part (hydrophilic) and part liking oil (hydrophobic) in surfactant molecules. On the other hand, "Salts" that is sodium chloride ionizes to cation and anion but they attract water molecule selective. Therefore, we think that a Mixture of Water/Organic Solvent/salt don't form ordered structure like the microphase separated structure. However, we discovered that antagonistic salts, which are composed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic ions, induce multi-lamellar vesicles in a mixture of water/organic solvent although no surfactants are contained. In this case, hydrophobic ions preferentially attract organic solvents around themselves. In the present study, we investigated the structural properties of the mixture of water / 2,6-dimethylpyridine / NaBPh4 by polarization microscope at room temperature. Then, crystal structures with a scale of 1 μm to 100μm are observed. The number of the crystals increases with increasing the concentration of NaBPh4. On the other hand, the overall shape of the crystal does not change with the salt concentration. We assumed that the crystal structure is composed of water, 2,6-dimethylpyridine, and NaBPh4.


Dense Trajectories have shown outstanding performance for action recognition and attract more attention in recent years. Dense trajectories are generated by tracking the points which are densely sampled, so part of the trajectories is generated by the background movement. Those trajectories not only take up computing resources but also have a bad effect on the classification. To solve this problem, a novel algorithm is proposed to remove those trajectories based on human detection. Faster R-CNN is utilized to detect the human in the frames of videos. Furthermore, Fisher vector is used to encode the features and linear kernel SVM with one-against-rest approach to classify actions. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on KTH and YouTube datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves comparative performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods.


The evolution of wireless communications into 6G and beyond is expected to rely on new machine learning (ML)-based capabilities. These can enable proactive decisions and actions from wireless-network components to sustain quality-of-service (QoS) and user experience. Moreover, new use cases in the area of vehicular and industrial communications will emerge. Specifically in the area of vehicle communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) schemes will benefit strongly from such advances. With this in mind, we have conducted a detailed measurement campaign that paves the way to a plethora of diverse ML-based studies. The resulting datasets offer GPS-located wireless measurements across diverse urban environments for both cellular (with two different operators) and sidelink radio access technologies, thus enabling a variety of different studies towards V2X. The datasets are labeled and sampled with a high time resolution. Furthermore, we make the data publicly available with all the necessary information to support the on-boarding of new researchers. We provide an initial analysis of the data showing some of the challenges that ML needs to overcome and the features that ML can leverage, as well as some hints at potential research studies.


In the paper new sensitive algorithms for detection of internal inter-turn faults in power transformers are described. Such faults are extremely difficult to detect since they induce negligible increase of the currents at the transformer terminals, although the currents flowing at the fault place are very high and dangerous for the transformer. The algorithms developed are based on the differential equation of the equivalent circuit of the transformer. In one version additional information from a CT installed inside of the triangle of delta side windings is used, which brings very promising results. Theoretical investigations are supported and illustrated with simulation studies performed with EMTP-ATP.


This study is titled 'The meaning of colors in the poems by Fazil Shawro'. It is an analytical descriptive study which considers the use of colors and their meaning in different contexts by the poet. It is evident that, the cultural diversity and nations' perspective have impact on the meaning that is given to each color. This study mainly aims at examining the meaning of colors that are used by the poet on the one hand, and also it will be a chance to get a deeper insight into the capability and the competence of the poet in the way that he has dealt with the colors. Moreover, this study also elaborates on the universal perspectives of Shawro towards colors used as the essential elements of ecstatic and beauty in literary texts, namely poems.  This study consists of two chapters. Chapter one which is an introductory part the concept of color and how scientifically examined consists of four sections. The first section is devoted to the definition and the concept of color, the second section identifies color from a scientific perspective, the third question presents the meaning of colors in the Kurdish folklore, and the fourth section illustrates the relationship between color and rhetoric. Chapter two is devoted to the meaning, status, use and the influence of colors in the poet's poems. This chapter also consists of four sections. The first section examines the meaning of color, the second one shows the use of colors as symbolic units, the third one determines the status and the importance of colors, and the last one is concerned with the dimensions and the influences of colors in Fazil Shawro's poems. Finally, this study ends with the most important concluding points and the list of used references.


Background/Aim: Increasing environmental heat is the most predictable effect of climate change. In already hot areas this increase will create health risks, particularly for people who carry out physically demanding jobs. Excessive heat exposures will occur outdoors and indoors (without air conditioning). Low income people in tropical countries will be at the highest risk. The physiological evidence concerning heat impacts on workers is extensive, but epidemiological evidence is limited. Methods: Using climate and population data for 67,000 geographic grid cells (size = 0.5 x 0.5 degrees) based on internationally approved sources, we produced heat stress maps for different years. We applied exposure-response relationships for work capacity effects of heat stress to estimate impacts at area level. Results: The number of people subjected to extremely high average heat levels (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature > 30°C) in the hottest month will rise from current estimates of less than 1 million to 400 million in 208...


An improved theory is developed to illuminate distributing density of arbitrary shaped roughness elements on a wall and how wind velocity above the turbulent boundary layer in?uences shear velocity. The theory is used to study the threshold velocity of single size sand, and obtain that the threshold velocity represented by wind velocity above the turbulent boundary layer is proportional to the exponential function of sand distributing density when the threshold velocity represented by shear velocity is proportional to the square root of sand distributing density. Let sand distributing density increase, the relationship will become the classical wind initiation formula of single size sand eventually.


Seeks to understand how culture constructs and gives meaning to nursing and the experience of being nursed. Layers of understanding become evident as analysis of descriptive data, along with an appreciation of the power of cultural norms in society, reveals how culture gives meaning to nursing and being nursed, subsequently shaping behaviour. These layers of understanding describe a pathway through health culture, disclosing unwritten rules and expected cultural norms of behaviour for people who enter our health care system.


This text explores the parochial world of one of the ecclesiastical jurisdictions of the Colombian Caribbean in the second half of the 19th century. The aim is to study the ways in which the priests of the diocese of Santa Marta acted in the local sphere, during a period characterized by the search for institutional consolidation of the Church, and by the need for the Catholic corporation to respond to the secularizing reforms of the liberal governments. Specifically, it is interesting to examine the participation of the clergy in the social and political dynamics of the communities where they exercised their ministerial work. It is suggested that religious officers developed particular forms of intervention within the contexts of each parish and its various modes of relationship with the different members of the congregations under their charge. The approach to these issues is based on the analysis of the experience of the priest Juan Bautista Baldetaro during his time in various localities. The monitoring of his performance reveals the protagonism of the priests in the social scene, and the complexity of the interactions between the clergy, the parishioners, the state agents, and the ecclesiastical authorities.


Recent advances in hardware, such as systems with multiple GPUs and their availability in the cloud, are enabling deep learning in various domains including health care, autonomous vehicles, and Internet of Things. Multi-GPU systems exhibit complex connectivity among GPUs and between GPUs and CPUs. Workload schedulers must consider hardware topology and workload communication requirements in order to allocate CPU and GPU resources for optimal execution time and improved utilization in shared cloud environments. This paper presents a new topology-aware workload placement strategy to schedule deep learning jobs on multi-GPU systems. The placement strategy is evaluated with a prototype on a Power8 machine with Tesla P100 cards, showing speedups of up to, ≈ 1.30x compared to state-of-the-art strategies; the proposed algorithm achieves this result by allocating GPUs that satisfy workload requirements while preventing interference. Additionally, a large-scale simulation shows that the proposed strategy provides higher resource utilization and performance in cloud systems. CCS CONCEPTS • Theory of computation → Scheduling algorithms; Graph algorithms analysis; Machine learning theory; • Computer systems organization → Cloud computing;


The aim of this study was to explore the way in which experienced psychologists approach the problem of integrating theory, and to identify commonly used principles and heuristics that students might employ to support their own integration of theory. Eighteen experienced applied psychologists were interviewed, and data were analysed using a phenomenological approach. It was concluded that integrating theory may be understood as a series of problems to be solved, although much of the decision-making may be implicit rather than explicit. Despite the huge variation between participants, it was possible to clarify the various components of integration, to identify some common principles and heuristics, and to sketch the process by which each psychologist develops an idiosyncratic personal body of psychological knowledge.


We present the design of the high‐voltage (30 MV) Applied‐B ion diode that is now being tested on the PBFA‐II accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories. This diode design is the first application of a new set of numerical design tools that have been developed over the past several years. Furthermore, this design represents significant departures from previous designs due to much higher voltage and the use of a nonprotonic ion, Li+. The higher voltage increases the magnetic field strength required to insulate the diode from 1 to 2 T of previous diodes to 3–7 T. This represents a very large increase in the magnetic field energy and the magnetic forces exerted on the field‐coil structures. Our new design incorporates changes in the field‐coil locations to significantly reduce the field energy and the forces on the field‐coil structures. The use of nonprotonic ions introduces a new complication in that these ions will be stripped when they penetrate material, i.e., the gas cell membrane. The importance of c...


The reproductive period for L. hoffmeisteri as observed in the Little Calumet River (41°34′22″N. 87°28′30Prime;W) occurs from early fall through late spring. The period is marked by the development of the reproductive organs in the early fall months, followed by the development of sperm products within the sperm sac. The female organs appear to mature in middle to late winter with the appearance of nutritive granules followed by the developing eggs in early spring. This cycle is completed in early to late spring with the appearance of cocoons containing developing embryos. It is also apparent that a low level of reproductive activity occurs throughout the rest of the year. This is usually observed in worms with developed sperm sacs and sperm products, having matured penis and some developed egg sacs with nutritive granules. Eggs have not been observed during this low level of reproductive activity.


Objective To explore the application of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) detection technique in Helicobacter pylori(Hp) detection.Methods The lesion tissue specimens from the suspected patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer,gastric or antral gastritis and gastric cancer were taken by gastroscopy for Hp isolation and culture in vitro and VCR amplification.Meanwhile,the patients were performed the urease test and serological antibody detection.The results were conducted the comparative analysis.Results Among 170 samples,67 cases were isolated and cultured.The urease test was in 82 cases,the Hp antibody examination in 152 cases and positive PCR amplification in 144 cases.The positive rates were 39.4%,48.2%,89.5% and 84.7% respectively.With the bacterial culture as the gold standard,the sensitivities of the urease test,antibody screening and PCR amplification were 88.1%,89.5% and 98.5%,the specificities were 94.6%,77.4% and 81.7% respectively.Among 4 detection methods,the PCR gene amplification method had the highest sensitivity,followed by the antibody screening and urease test.The urease test had the highest specificity,followed by the PCR amplification and the antibody screening.Conclusion The PCR test has higher specificity and higher sensitivity,which can be used for the detection of diagnosis,genotyping,epidemiological investigation and trace sampling in H.pylori infection.


With the development of community around Doppler VHF omnidirectional beacon(DVOR), more and more DVORs are restricted, and even severely disabled. The DVOR's counterpoise can be elevated to improve the coverage. But raising counterpoise will cause some problems such as null and worse bearing error. The paper research the lateral multipath, longitudinal multipath, height and diameter of counterpoise from the null, the first Fresnel zone, signal coverage, bearing error combing surrounding buildings and terrain, providing some technical means for improve or eliminate nulls and bearing error in construction of DVOR, and pre-evaluating whether it can pass the flight inspection after the completion of construction.


Electrochemical sensors and biosensors have been proposed as fast and cost effective analytical tools, meeting the robustness and performance requirements for industrial process monitoring. In wine production, electrochemical biosensors have proven useful for monitoring critical parameters related to alcoholic fermentation (AF), malolactic fermentation (MLF), determining the impact of the various technological steps and treatments on wine quality, or assessing the differences due to wine age, grape variety, vineyard or geographical region. This review summarizes the current information on the voltamperometric biosensors developed for monitoring wine production with a focus on sensing concepts tested in industry-like settings and on the main quality parameters such as glucose, alcohol, malic and lactic acids, phenolic compounds and allergens. Recent progress featuring nanomaterial-enabled enhancement of sensor performance and applications based on screen-printed electrodes is emphasized. A case study presents the monitoring of alcoholic fermentation based on commercial biosensors adapted with minimal method development for the detection of glucose and phenolic compounds in wine and included in an automated monitoring system. The current challenges and perspectives for the wider application of electrochemical sensors in monitoring industrial processes such as wine production are discussed.


An analysis and numerical estimates of induction effects in the metal of a flat circular solenoid located between the branches of an external bifilar coil in a flat inductor system excited by unidirectional currents in the bifilar windings are presented. Such a device, the design of which was first proposed earlier by the authors of this work, is of practical interest for circuits of equipment for magnetic-pulse processing of metals. The use of the considered inductor system makes it possible to minimize the influence of induction effects on electromagnetic processes in the metal of the internal inductor. Numerical estimates are obtained for the induced currents excited in the metal of the inner circular inductor placed between the outer windings of the bifilar coil. It is shown that in the low-frequency mode of acting fields, the time dependence of the excited current is a derivative of the time dependence of the exciting current and the transverse distribution of the current in the metal of the internal inductor is a linear dependence passing through the central axis of the inductor. In the high-frequency regime of acting fields, the time dependence and the radial distribution of the excited current coincide with the corresponding analogs for the exciting current, and the transverse distribution of the induced current is characteristic of a sharp surface effect, when the induced current is displaced to the boundary surfaces of the metal. It is proved that the minimum influence of the fields of the external bifilar on the electromagnetic processes in the internal inductor should be observed in the low-frequency mode, when the spatial superposition of multidirectional induced currents adds up to the zero value of the excited electromotive force of induction. The results of the analysis based on the specific calculations performed are aimed at finding the conditions for the successful technical implementation of the proposed inductor system. The creation of workable models of the proposed inductor systems and experiments to determine the real conditions for their maximum efficiency are seen as very promising in the direction of subsequent research.


Coarse materials like rockfill and coarse mine waste must be scalped or scaled for shear strength testing in the laboratory as the size of commercial equipment is not big enough to test the full-scale material. Samples of coarse material prepared for testing differ from their prototypes in the characteristic sizes of the particles and/or the form of the particle size distribution (PSD) curve. The representativeness of the shear strength parameter determined in the laboratory on scaled samples is questionable, nevertheless they are typically used for geotechnical design without additional consideration.
The particle shapes in a natural mine waste of colluvium sediments derived from eroded ancient sedimentary rocks from the Pilbara region of Australia was analysed and a correlation between shape and size was identified. The fragments have a particle shape ranging from slabs to sub-equant blocks with a tendency of larger particles to be flatter and platy. Therefore, material scaling for shear strength determinations inevitably alters not only the size of particles and proportion of sizes, but also the characteristic shapes of the material particles as it implies substituting larger (slabs) particles by smaller (sub-equant) particles.
The direct-shear shear strength of a prototype sample of the colluvium sediment was evaluated in the laboratory, as well as two different scaled representations (models) with reduced maximum particle size. The scaled specimens, composed of more equant fragments due to the nature of the size-shape correlation, showed lower shear strength compared with the prototype sample.
Simulations with a discrete element method reveal that the changes in the shear strength observed when altering the PSD are not due to the change in particle sizes. Instead, these changes in shear strength result from the variation of the particle shapes induced by the alteration of the PSD. This suggests that particle shape is a higher order factor than particle sizes and PSD shape on the shear strength of granular materials.
This finding highlights the importance of particle shape quantification in soil classification and its consideration in activities such as sampling, sub-sampling, and scaling of coarse materials for geotechnical testing.


The overcurrent protection of fuse of distribution transformer, Y/Y wiring transformer, △/Y wiring transformer was analyzed, and some improved and perfect measures were presented in the paper.


A method for the computation and breakdown of the aerodynamic drag into viscous and wave components is here proposed. Relying on a given numerical solution of the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations, the method allows for the determination of the drag related to entropy variations in the o w. The identication of a spurious contribution due to the numerical dissipation of the o w solver algorithm allows for drag computations weakly dependent on mesh size. By this method accurate drag calculations are possible even on moderately sized grids. Results are presented for transonic o ws around an airfoil and a wing-body conguration.


Abstract Several methods are available to measure the oxidation of edible oils, such as their acid, peroxide, and anisidine values. However, thesemethods require large quantities of reagents and are time-consuming tasks. Therefore, a more convenient and time-saving way to measurethe oxidation of edible oils is required. In this study, an edible oil-condition sensor was fabricated using single-walled nanotubes(SWNTs) made using the spray deposition method. SWNTs were dispersed in a dimethylformamide solution. The suspension was thensprayed using a spray gun onto a prefabricated Au/Ti electrode. To test the sensor, oxidized edible oils, each with a different acid value,were prepared. The SWNT sensors were immersed into these oxidized oils, and the resistance changes in the sensors were measured. Wefound that the conductivity of the sensors decreased as the oxidation level of the oil increased. In the case of the virgin oil, the resistancechange ratio in the SWNT sensor S(%) = {[(Rf _ Ri)]/Ri}(%) was more than 40% after immersion for 1 min. However, in the case of theoxidized oil, the resistance change ratio decreased to less than that of the response of the virgin oil. This result suggests that the change inthe oil components induced by the oxidation process in edible oils is related to the conductivity change in the SWNT sensor.


A series of 3 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis is described. Diagnosis, therapy and the relation of the eye involvement to the general condition are discussed.


Numerous organizations are providing web-based services due to the consistent increase in web development and number of available web searching tools. However, the advancements in web-based services are associated with increasing difficulties in information retrieval. Efforts are now toward reducing the Internet traffic load and the cost of user access to important information. Web clustering as an important web usage mining (WUM) task groups web users based on their browsing patterns to ensure the provision of a useful knowledge of personalized web services. Based on the web structure, each Uniform Resource Locator (URL) in the web log data is parsed into tokens which are uniquely identified for URLs classification. The collective sequence of URLs a user navigated over a period of 30 minutes is considered as a session and the session is a representation of the users' navigation pattern. In this paper, K-Means algorithm was used to cluster web users based on their similarity in a vector matrix and K-means algorithm implemented several times when k=2,3,4 till k=8 and the results showed the best similarity was when k=8 and the Residual Sum of Squares (RSS) evaluation measure achieved a high intra-cluster similarity value (3.049) when k=8.


Introduction: L-Arginine supplementation improves antioxidant defenses through L-Arginine/nitric oxide pathways. This investigation assesses the influences of acuteL-Arginine supplementation on selected markers of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after one by one heavy eccentric exercise in healthy young females. Methods: Twelve healthy young females students of the University of Mohaghegh-Ardabili voluntarily participated in a double-blind randomized-controlled crossover trial to estimate the effects of 3g L-Arginine oral supplementation versus placebo (3g glucose) following an unaccustomed heavy eccentric exercise. L-Arginine (ARG) or placebo (PLC) was taken immediately after squat exercise, separated by 10day washout. Measurements were conducted at baseline, 24, and 48h after exercise comprising: (a) TAC (b) CK (c) LDH (d) Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (e) Range of Motion (ROM) of both knees (f) Edema of both thighs. For data analysis software SPSS version 20 was used. To analysis the data, analysis of variance with repeated measure was used. Results: TAC significantly increased 48h after exercise compared with the pre-exercise just in ARG group (P 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that acute supplementation of ARG after heavy eccentric exercise may alleviate muscle damage through promoting the antioxidant capacity, protein synthesis, or decrease of lactate accumulation.


Infertility is defined as a condition in which a woman cannot conceive after 12 months of a normal sexual relationship without the use of contraception. The study aimed to evaluate hypothyroidism prevalence, thyroid and pituitary gland hormones assessment in infertile women's serum, and their correlation in Basra, Iraq. The research was conducted at Ibn-Gzouan Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology in Basra, southern Iraq, between October 2021 and March 2022. In our research, 28 infertile women with hypothyroidism, 30 infertile women without hypothyroidism, and 30 fertile women aged 18 to 45 were studied. Our research found that infertile hypothyroid women had greater TSH and PRL levels than fertile women, but lower T3 and T4 levels. Without hypothyroidism, infertile women exhibited greater PRL, cortisol, and LH levels than fertile women, but lower IGF-1 levels. T4 and T3 levels (r=0.640), LH, and LH/FSH ratio(r=0.536) correlated positively in hypothyroid infertile women. TSH and T4 levels (r = -0.514) and FSH and LH/FSH ratio (r =-0.481) correlated negatively. T4 and T3 levels, LH, and LH/FSH were positively correlated (r = 0.666) in infertile women without hypothyroidism. TSH was negatively correlated with T4 (r = -0.547) and T3 (r = -0.580).


The detection performance of spatial diversity multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar for Swerling I and Swerling II target is analyzed based on coherent pulses. The detection method provides an unified frame for conventional radar and the MIMO radar. Simulation results demonstrate that MIMO radar can get better detection performance when more coherent pulses is used. In contrast with conventional radar, the detection performance of MIMO radar in Swerling I target outperforms Swerling II target.


This article compares two geographically distant and not directly related traditions of constructing the "other" and "otherness" in the Age of Discovery. It discusses the indigenous populations of the Americas and Siberia as portrayed by Spanish and Russian chroniclers of late fifteenth to seventeenth centuries, examining common points and differences in the construction of "the other" and "otherness." Emphasis is placed on the common elements in viewing the "other" by Spanish and Russian chroniclers, which have origins in works of Greek and Roman authors and in Christian exegesis of the Old and New Testaments. These common points are attribution of animal characteristics and "anomalous" behavior to indigenous peoples of Americas and Siberia, their identification with monstrous races of Classical authors and the Bible, and correlation between the presence of monstrous peoples and fabulous riches, which was the principal motivation to gather all the available information on monsters in distant lands.


With popularization of camera function in mobile phones, assembly process of miniaturized phone camera modules need to be automatized for the mass production. We developed the gripper system for mobile phone camera module assembly. This system includes the lens module and camera module assembly system. Optical parts in camera module have various shapes. And each design of parts can be changed with needs of market. So, we focused on the adaptability and flexibility of assembly process in the system design. And to estimate the state of insertion, we measured tilting position error of optical parts in barrel with optical apparatus.


Irregular heartbeats at the root of atrial fibrillation (AFib) have been observed as reentrant electric rhythms induced by spiral waves. Eliminating the center of the rotor or wave core using treatments such as ablation therapy has been shown to be effective in treating AFib, but its success relies crucially on accurately locating the core. Here, we present a modified time difference measurement based algorithm (mTDOA) to estimate the core. Our mTDOA algorithm, which is a modified version of the time delay of arrival (TDOA) algorithm, can solve the localization problem without requiring knowledge of the time of origin of the reentrant rhythm, or the speed of propagation of electrical signals along the surface of the heart. We validate the effectiveness of mTDOA in FitzHugh–Nagumo type heart simulation models. mTDOA can also be extended to applications such as in forest fires to estimate sources and rates of growth.


 Abstract — The effects of curcumin pretreatment to negate chromate (VI)-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress was evaluated in vitro on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and murine macrophages RAW 264.7. Chromate treatment at a dosage of 10µg/ml resulted in significant immunosuppression evident from the severe growth inhibition and cytotoxicity in both lymphocytes as well as macrophages which is revealed by MTT assay and LDH leakage. A decrease in the percentage phagocytosis, phagocytic index and depleted glutathione status was also observed in the macrophages subjected to chromate treatment. In addition to this, chromate treatment resulted in an increase in fragmented DNA (quantified by colorimetry) in the lymphocytes suggestive of severe cellular stress and apoptotic cell death. Curcumin pretreatment at a dose of 20µg/ml was able to protect both lymphocytes and macrophages against chromate induced toxic effects as evidenced by the increase in percentage survival and cell viability, increased percentage phagocytosis, phagocytic index and improved thiol status in the macrophages concomitant with a decrease in fragmented DNA in lymphocytes. This shows the influence of curcumin to ameliorate the altered immune responses and adverse changes induced by treatment with hexavalent chromium. The results of the study reveal the beneficial effects of curcumin supplementation to negate the toxic changes induced by chromate (VI).


This paper reviewed enterprise income distribution modes,and the necessity of people-oriented distribution of enter prise income in China is inspected from macro-level of country and micro-level of enterprise.People-oriented income distribu tion should be accord with cost compensation principle and profit sharing principle.Two wrong regions of enterprise income distribution in China and basic framework of capital participating income distribution are discussed.Finally,viewpoints and policy suggestions around human capital participation in enterprise income distribution by securitization are put forward.


Throughout 2001, economic growth in the USA, Japan and the European Union was clearly losing momentum. In line with this development, Austria also recorded a marked slow-down in its pace of economic growth. While the economy had still been growing at a rate of 3 percent in 2000, macroeconomic output increased by no more than 1 percent in real terms in 2001.


A shock test of the electron-proton spectrometer structural test unit was conducted. The purpose of the shock test was to verify the structural integrity of the electron-spectrometer design and to obtain data on the shock response of the electronics and electronic housing. The test equipment is described and typical shock response data are provided.


e These three anglo-germanic contributions all deploy in varying degrees a 'soft' lc structuralism: Madeleine Jost in her discussion of' Sanctuaires ruraux et sanctuaires i urbains en Arcadie' brings by contrast a dose of robust French common sense (a little r too robust in places, perhaps). 'Rural gods' are not ways of 'thinking wildness' (a s view she does not even mention) but meet the needs of actual countrymen (different in the agricultural plains and goat-haunted mountains); the relation between city and country varies greatly from city to city in Arcadia, and the determinants of the variations are geographical and historical. She ends with an intriguing account of the creation of the pantheon of Megalopolis, and in particular of the 'doubling' within the city of prestigious cults from the surrounding territory (a recognition of their status, she rightly argues, not an attempt to replace them).


The new Caspian Sea Convention signed in Aktau, Kazakhstan, on the 12th of August 2018 puts an end to almost three decades of legal uncertainty and complex negotiations that were by the question of the exploitation of the rich Caspian seabed. Although the significance of the Aktau Convention should not be understated, this article will show that rather than providing a new legal framework for the Caspian Sea, it validates the North Caspian Sea agreements previously signed between Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia. As a result, these countries stand to benefit the most from this convention, as opposed to Iran, whose propositions do not appear in the final version of the instrument.


The double perovskites La2CoVO6, La2CoTiO6, and La2NiVO6, are described. Rietveld fitting of neutron and powder X-ray diffraction data show La2NiVO6 and La2CoVO6 to have a disordered arrangement of B-cations whereas La2CoTiO6 shows ordering of the B-cations (with 5% Co/Ti inversion). Curie–Weiss fits to the linear region of the 1/w plots reveal Weiss temperatures of 107, 34.8, and 16.3K for La2CoVO6, La2CoTiO6, and La2NiVO6, respectively, and magnetic transitions are observed. La2CoTiO6 prepared by our method differs from material prepared by lower-temperature routes. A simple antiferromagnetic spin model is consistent with the data for La2CoTiO6. These compounds are semiconductors with bandgaps of 0.41 (La2CoVO6), 1.02 (La2CoTiO6) and 0.45 eV (La2NiVO6). r 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


This paper studied the pronciple and technique support for using VB program to transfer the Microsoft Excel to establish the construction design table automatically according to the examples,and explained the programming method and essentials to carry out the pro-gram function through reference program section.


It is not very appropriate to use solid wood in curved surfaces and in large dimensions as one piece. Because the use of solid wood increases the loss and also negatively effects the strength proporties because of diagonal cut of the fibers. These disadvantages can be eliminated by using lamination technique which is done by bonding wood veneers paralel to grain direction. For this reson, the use of laminated wood materials gained important popularity nowdays. By using wood with different thickness and color proporties, laminated materials can be aesthetic and they can be used in (window frame, furniture, doors, windows, chairs etc.) and because of having excellent structural industries (roofs, exhibition areas, sport areas, bridges etc.) In this study, the construction of bearns and walls using laminated materials and especially in structural applications were explained with examples.


The EU-funded project WellCo 1 aims to develop a mobile app with a virtual coach to encourage the users towards healthier behaviour choices, healthy nutrition being one of them. In this paper we propose a method to detect eating in real time by using a commercially available smartwatch. The method relies on machine learning, following the estab-lished activity-recognition paradigm. We developed some eating-specific features based on auto-correlation, which significantly improved the accuracy. We also developed a three-stage model training procedure, in which we specifically train eating-detection models on difficult-to-recognize instances, and smooth the final predictions. The training and test data was collected in real life. We achieved the precision of 0.7 and recall of 0.83. Being able to detect exact time of eating gives us information on frequency of eating and allows us to run algorithms to count intakes, recognize different eating gestures etc.


The output power of photovoltaic (PV) power generation system is the nonlinear function of insolation, temperature and load, and thus the perturbation step of perturbation and observation (P&O) method should be regulated according to PV module working condition to improve the MPPT effect. P&O with fuzzy control, which can implement variable perturb step control, has good control effect, however this method is too complex for practical use. The relation of the perturbation step and the output power of PV module is analyzed that shows the step around maximum power point (MPP) should become small enough to eliminate power oscillation. This paper proposes a variable perturbation step P&O method according to this conclusion. This method utilizes the relation of the output power vs. voltage of PV module as the judge of step change. Simulation and experimental results show the proposed method has good stable and dynamic characteristics applied in PV power generation system.


An experiment of Glossina palpalis control was carried out by rural communities in 55 villages of the Niari river sleeping sickness focus (Bouenza region, Republic of the Congo). It was based on the use of a new trap, not requiring insecticide impregnation, in which the captured Glossina are preserved. The results show that this simple, cheap trap is an effective method of control, resulting in a considerable decrease in the tsetse population and is easily operated by the villagers. Screening surveys, using the indirect immunofluorescent test, conducted regularly in this focus, showed a decrease in the prevalence rate after the elimination of the flies. Long-term community participation is limited and must be improved by a better understanding of socio-cultural aspects and in certain cases must be associated with the work of a specialized team.


Introduced crayfishes often pose a threat to native aquatic biodiversity and the natural function of aquatic systems. In the St. Francis River drainage of Missouri the introduced Woodland Crayfish (Orconectes hylas) has become established and is spreading throughout the drainage. The native crayfish fauna is altered at locations where introduced populations of O. hylas become established and often the imperiled Big Creek Crayfish (Orconectes peruncus) and St. Francis River Crayfish (Orconectes quadruncus) are extirpated from those locations within a few years. The goal of this study was to look for evidence that may explain how O. hylas displaces either of the two natives and provide managers with potential conservation actions to ensure the persistence of native crayfishes. The study objectives were to 1) investigate the association of natural environmental factors and anthropogenic alterations at a coarsespatial scale with the distributions of O. hylas, O. peruncus, and O. quadruncus, 2) investigate habitat use and selection at a fine-spatial scale for O. hylas and O. quadruncus, and 3) develop a monitoring framework to assess the range expansion of O. hylas and the range contractions of O. peruncus and O. quadruncus. Native crayfishes are often extirpated from portions of their range due to interactions with invasive species, anthropogenic alterations to environmental conditions,


Acid leaching is extensively employed for extractive metallurgy, but its use on reclamation of shot blasting media has not been extensively studied. The parameters of acid leaching process such as rate of stirring, the leached material grain size, the solid (material) to liquid (acid) ratio, type of acid, concentration of acid, leaching temperature, and leaching duration govern the effectiveness of this process. The goal of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of acid leaching to recover the iron from used shot blasting media. Influence of varying leaching durations on the recovery percentage of iron from the used shot blasting media is investigated, and it is found that acid leaching can remove impurities from used shot blasting media and it can successfully recover 73.6% of iron on the particle surface level and 44.3% of iron overall. Hence, it is a feasible process for recovery of iron from used shot blasting media.


ABSTRACT In the modern world where people are still fascinated by the idea of virginity, the expression 'being a Thecla' or being a 'disciple of Thecla' refers to the state of virginity. This is a reference to Thecla in the ancient apocryphal Acts of Paul and Thecla. This article attempts to determine whether Thecla's virginity still has relevance in our modern world. This apocryphal work is interpreted as the understanding of the characteristics of Thecla's virginity and the denial of marriage. It transpires that the virginity in this apocryphal work is relevant to both men and women. Through her virginity, Thecla won social freedom, independence of male control and true love. She committed herself to her true love of Jesus Christ. It is concluded that Thecla's virginity, as a free individual choice for both men and women, still matters in our modern world. However, virginity in modern patriarchal societies, where it is an instrument to control women, is a violent system of oppression of women; this is as negative and unacceptable as Thecla's being forced to marry Thamyris. Virginity for the sake of a career and the freedom to choose married life or not, as we find in our modern world, both fit into Thecla's framework of thinking. Virginity as a health measure to prevent HIV and AIDS does not affect one's freedom to control one's own body and is therefore typical of Thecla's choice. Forced virginity testing of women, however, would be another violent system of oppression.


iii Acknowledgements vii Table of contents ix List of figures xv List of tables xix List of abbreviations xxi CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.1. Cancer and chemotherapy 2 1.2. Prostate cancer 5 1.3. Curcumin 7 1.3.1. Physicochemical properties 7 1.3.2. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of curcumin 10 1.3.3. Safety 12 1.3.4. Pharmacology of curcumin 13 220.127.116.11. Anti-cancer actions 13 126.96.36.199. Other actions 16 1.4. Resveratrol 17


BACKGROUND
The long-term outcome of medical treatment in patients with type B acute aortic dissection (BAD) was assessed and predictors of early in-hospital death were investigated, as well as the need for surgical intervention.

METHODS AND RESULTS
In the past 11 years, 180 patients were admitted to hospital and medically treated at the time of onset. If the maximum diameter of the dissected aorta exceeded 60 mm, or rapid enlargement or vital organ ischemia were identified, early or elective surgery was performed. Emergency operation was required in 7 patients. Elective surgery was required for 31 patients (19.1%). The operation-free rate was 76.0% at 10 years. Actuarial survival rate was 89.4% at 5 years and 71.8% at 10 years. Multivariate analysis indicated that refractory hypertension (odds ratio (OR), 4.08, 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.06-21.44, p=0.0434) and rupture (OR 5.87, 95% CI, 2.21-9.12, p=0.0154) were predictors of early hospital mortality. The only significant predictor for elective surgery was a maximum diameter exceeding 40 mm at the time of onset (OR 13.4, 95% CI, 1.93-6.89, p=0.0003).

CONCLUSIONS
Medical treatment for BAD produced good results. Strict control of blood pressure is important for patients with a dissected aortic diameter exceeding 40 mm at the time of onset.


to scholars of Schaefer's persuasion. But reverence for the elders is rare enough; let us not discourage it too harshly. Less easy to indulge are the familiar resorts to significant numbers, as in finding the exact middle of an edition for its core meaning or in counting the pages in certain chapters. Here, if one's flagging sympathy is to revive, one must reflect that one contemporary school of critics has dismissed authors from all responsibility for their texts. The Straussian approach is prone to the opposite absurdity of rendering authors omnipotent. Thus one is led to ponder how closely Montaigne can have overseen the printers in order to get his choice words at dead centre. Troubling too is an insistence that we must believe Montaigne when he says that he never errs unknowingly (2-3, 84 and 260). It opens up some fascinating games, but the claim is unpersuasive. Nor is it an easy faith by which to live, as when Schaefer seems to accept our author's human failings on the issue of dates (293). Only the cautious air with which these claims are made, and their comparative rarity, help to fend off wrath. The modest tone of this book also softens the audacity of the claim to have fathomed, after four centuries, what has eluded virtually all previous readers. Of course, Montaigne may have been just as cunning as this suggests, but one would like more evidence of the various devices that form his repertoire. In order to judge what is called Montaigne's "'Mannerist procedure" one needs to hear more about the rhetorical techniques that were available to him. One can only applaud Schaefer's readiness to refer to studies other than Strauss's Persecution and the Art of Writing, but yet more contextual support is needed. Schaefer shows some impatience with those who attribute to Montaigne intellectual faults unavoidable in his time (23), but here one asks, "what was typical and what possible by way of secret writing?" Some excellent Montaigne scholarship, as by Pierre Villey or Alan Martin Boase, has treated influences on Montaigne and influence by him and Schaefer's task is quite different. But without more context how shall we judge, for instance, the apparent disorder of the Essais? As one reads Beroalde de Verville, a near contemporary of Montaigne, or Jean de Silhon, writing in the 1630s, one sees apparent casualness about organization combined with fine insights. Were they just careless or were they too leading all but the very few away from their real message? It would be useful if we could know. There are other faults here and yet more good things that could be said. A better subject index would have been of service or—in keeping with the elusive subject—was the omission calculated? Where will this end?


In this paper, we investigate a single machine scheduling problem (SMSP). We try to reach the optimal or near optimal solution which minimize the sum of three objective functions: total completion times, total tardiness and total earliness. Firstly, we solve this problem by Branch and bound algorithm (BAB alg) to find optimal solutions, dominance rules (DR)s are used to improve the performance of BAB alg, the resulting is BABDR, secondly, we solve this problem by simulated annealing algorithm (SA alg) as metaheuristic algorithm (MET alg). It is known that combining MET alg with other algorithms can improve the resulting solutions. In this paper we developed the concept of insertion preselected jobs one by one through all positions of remaining jobs of considered sequence, the proposed MET alg called Insertion Metaheuristic Algorithm (IMA). This procedure improves the performance of SA alg in two directions: in the first one, we use the IMA to generate initial solution for SA alg, in the second one, we use the IMA to improve the solution obtained through the iterations of SA alg. The experiments showed that IMA can improve the performance of SA alg in these two directions.


Individuals who excel in mathematics have always enjoyed a well deserved high reputation. Nevertheless, a few hundred years back, as an honourable occupation with means to social advancement, such an individual would need a patron in order to sustain the creative activities over a long period. Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) had the fortune of being supported successively by Peter the Great (1672-1725), Frederich the Great (1712-1786) and the Great Empress Catherine (1729-1791), enabling him to become the leading mathematician who dominated much of the eighteenth century. In this note celebrating his tercentenary, I shall mention his work in number theory which extended over some fifty years. Although it makes up only a small part of his immense scientific output (it occupies only four volumes out of more than seventy of his complete work) it is mostly through his research in number theory that he will be remembered as a mathematician, and it is clear that arithmetic gave him the most satisfaction and also much frustration. Gazette readers will be familiar with many of his results which are very well explained in H. Davenport's famous text [1], and those who want to know more about the historic background, together with the rest of the subject matter itself, should consult A. Weil's definitive scholarly work [2], on which much of what I write is based. Some of the topics being mentioned here are also set out in Euler's own Introductio in analysin infinitorum (1748), which has now been translated into English [3].


In order to make up the shortcoming of the multi-looms data transmission and mass data transmission by point to point wireless transmission technology,a way of the wireless transmission by multicast technology was put forward.The technical routes of multicast transmission were introduced;the main communication protocol structure and protocol time planning were analyzed;mathematical model of transmission efficiency was built,and the transmission efficiency of unicast and multicast were analyzed by simulation.Time of unicast and multicast data transmission was tested respectively in the test platform in the workshop.The scheme of multicast technology has been proven more efficient and more stable by the test results.


Working memory has a crucial role in one's effective communication, especially for the speech and language comprehension. The purpose of this study is to compare the auditory working memory capacity (AWMC) in normal hearing adults and adults with mild to moderate hearing loss using digit span tasks from WAISIV. This paper attempts to increase the audiologist's knowledge about the relationship between AWMC and mild to moderate hearing loss in adults by comparing AWMC with respect to type, laterality and duration of hearing loss. This paper also examines current literature on auditory working memory (AWM) and provides a brief overview about working memory associated with various communication disorders in adults like hearing loss, attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD), auditory processing disorders (APD) and learning disabilities (LD). Total 40 participants were involved in this study among that 20 were having hearing sensitivity within normal limits (control group) and other 20 were having mild to moderate hearing loss (experimental group). The results show that the AWMC of individuals with mild to moderate hearing loss is poor when compared to individuals with normal hearing. The poor AWMC in conductive and mixed hearing loss group when compared to sensor neural hearing loss group is also a major finding of the study. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of assessing AWM in audiology clinical setting.


Existence of strong and weak solutions to stochastic inclusions xt − xs ∈ ∫ t s Fτ (xτ )dτ + ∫ t s Gτ (xτ )dwτ + ∫ t s ∫ Rn Hτ,z(xτ )q(dτ, dz) and xt − xs ∈ ∫ t s Fτ (xτ )dτ + ∫ t s Gτ (xτ )dwτ + ∫ t s ∫ |z|≤1Hτ,z(xτ )q(dτ, dz) + ∫ t s ∫ |z|>1Hτ,z(xτ )p(dτ, dz), where p and q are certain random measures, is considered. 1. Notations and definitions. We present here the basic definitions and notations used in the paper. They are taken from [1] and [2], respectively. We assume that there is given a complete filtered probability space (Ω,F , (Ft)t≥0, P ), where the family (Ft)t0≤t≤T , 0 ≤ t0 < T < ∞, of σ-algebras Ft ⊂ F is assumed to be increasing: Fs ⊂ Ft if s ≤ t. Throughout we assume that the following usual hypotheses are satisfied: (i) F0 contains all the P -null sets of F and (ii) Ft = ⋂ u>t Fu for all t, t0 ≤ t ≤ T ; that is, the filtration (Ft)t∈[t0,T ] is right continuous. Let X be a set, B a σ-algebra of subsets. We shall say that a random measure μ is given on B if for every A ∈ B, a random variable μ(A) is defined on (Ω,F), and if the following condition is met: For any sequence (Ak) of disjoint sets in B such that A = ⋃ k Ak the series ∑∞ k=1 μ(Ak) converges in probability to μ(A). If for disjoint sets A1, . . . , Ak, the variables μ(A1), . . . , μ(Ak) are mutually independent, then we shall call μ a measure with independent values. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 93E03, 93C30.


The question of national identity has been a central theme in Mexican thought since the Revolution of 1910. The writings of Octavio Paz, one of Mexico's most prominent literary figures, are an important and provocative locus for this question. The contribution of Paz to an analysis of Mexican identity must be seen in the broader context of an intellectual revolution in Mexico. This began in the late 1920's and was directed against the prevailing philosophical romanticism represented by Antonio Caso and Jose Vasconcelos. This was, in part, a protest against the anti-intellectualism inherent in an "aesthetic-intuitive" approach of these writers. But it was also the demand for a philosophical perspective more relevant to an emerging Mexican nationalism already being articulated in literature and art. The writings of the Spanish philosopher Ortega y Gasset were of crucial importance in influencing Mexican philosophy towards realism. The key concept taken from Ortega was that of "historical perspectivism": the view that reality cannot be grasped independently of the point of view from which it is being observed. Perspectives do not distort reality; they constitute it. Philosophy, then, is changed from something abstract and eternal to something concrete and historical. Ortega's historical perspectivism became the inspiration for Mexican thinkers who wished to develop a national philosophy and a concept of "Mexicanidad."


Like other great Victorians, George Eliot fell into disfavor dur? ing the first decades of this century, reaching perhaps the low ebb of her appeal in the 1930's, when Lord David Cecil observed that she was "not even admired so much as Trollope." The story of her reestablish ment resembles that of Tennyson, Browning, and Dickens, who have emerged from the ashes of their original popularity to command atten? tion as serious thinkers and symbolists. Leavis has placed Eliot in "the great tradition," a select company that excludes Thackeray because he was a little better than Trollope. She has become a classic in high schools and in graduate schools. But the difference between Eliot and Tennyson or Dickens is that she did not need rediscovery as a thinker. Even when admiration of her work was low, it was clear to most that her novels could come only from a serious mind that had pondered the grave issues of life. She is the foremost philosophical novelist of nineteenth-century England, and she exceeds Dickens and Hardy in the power to think, systematically and intelligently, about life. In a great prose epic like Middlemarch, profound ideas and emotions find a common and recipro? cal expression. Yet Middlemarch is perhaps Eliot's only novel in which we can breathe freely in the mutual presence of her fiction and her moral application of it. In her other novels, though by no means to the same degree in each, the atmosphere is one of friction between her art and her philosophy. And it is not with unbounded enthusiasm that Lord Cecil, when reassessing his original estimates, places her above the other Victorian novelists "because she is the most severe moralist of the lot_" Eliot's ideas often seem to get in the way of her stories. Even The Mill on the Floss, which is probably the best of her early fiction, ends in a way that pleases practically no one. It remains for some an important or a readable novel despite its catastrophe, in which Eliot


We studied the patterns of postnatal growth in a tropical insectivorous bat, Hipposideros speoris , under natural conditions in Tirunelveli, Southern India. The body mass and morphometric growth parameters of length of forearm, fingers, tail, tibia and condylobasal length were measured from ten young bats (5♀ and 5♂s) at 10 days intervals of time starting from neonatal stage to adult. At birth, young H. speoris were altricial and their mothers enshrouded them with their palagiopatagium until the pup"s age of 20 days. Clumsy flight of young bats observed after 40 days, and they became completely volant with steady flights at 50 days. Pups obtained 90% of mean sizes of length of condylobase, ear and thumb finger of postpartum females at the age of 30 days. This indicates a faster growth compared to the length of forearm that attained 90% of postpartum females only at 50 days. A linear regression equation was derived to predict the age of young H. speoris on the basis of length of forearm from 19.9 ± 0.5 mm to 47.8 ± 1.0 mm (1 to 50 days). Of all three models (Logistic, Gompertz and von Bertlanffy), the Logistic and Gompertz models best described the growth patterns of forearm length and body mass, respectively.


This paper presents and discusses data on the application of DNA tracers to a waterflood project in Edmisson Clearfork field in Permian Basin, Tx. The field is divided into two sections, West and East. The West section includes five injection wells, fifteen producers and the East section includes two injection wells and nine producers. To fully understand the flow path within both sections, seven unique DNA tracers were selected and injected. In addition, it was desirable to accurately determine water breakthrough through each production well and to evaluate heterogeneity of the formation between the injection and production wells. Furthermore, identification of high and low permeability zones within the reservoir was identified. Reservoir properties such as drainage area, porosity, water saturation, connate water saturation and water injection rate per well along with the minimum detection limit of DNA tracers were used to calculate the amount of DNA tracers needed to inject in each injection well. A robust sampling schedule was used to make sure an early detection of tracer(s) at each production well. A selected number of samples were used for analyses of tracers. Other samples were kept for future analyses as needed depending on tracer response curve between each injection well and producer.


Because few data indicate that pharmacologic or surgical therapy produces significant regression of Barrett esophagus (BE), endoscopic ablation therapies have been considered. However, few studies have examined the efficacy of ablation therapy in BE patients who have undergone fundoplication. In this prospective, unblinded study, researchers randomized 40 patients with BE who had undergone fundoplication to receive either ablation therapy with argon plasma coagulation (APC, 60 W monthly for a …


The present invention provides a demonstration instrument Coriolis acceleration, Coriolis acceleration is used to demonstrate the phenomenon of inertial force and the Coriolis calculated, wherein, comprising: presentation means Coriolis acceleration, Coriolis acceleration is used to demonstrate the phenomenon; Coriolis measuring inertial force member, and is connected to the Coriolis acceleration presentation means for measuring the magnitude of Coriolis inertial force; and a support member for mounting the Coriolis acceleration presentation member. Demonstrator Coriolis acceleration and Coriolis inertia force measuring method according to the present invention, an indirect measurement of the size of the course completion inertial force equivalent substitution, overcomes the difficulties of measuring the Coriolis force of inertia, you can also verify Coriolis acceleration the calculation formula.


Karnataka a State in south peninsular India receives 73% of its annual rainfall during southwestmonsoon season. Because of the complex physiographical features, the rainfall pattern over the State shows large spatialvariation from 50 to 350 cms. The coefficient of interannual variation of the monsoon rainfall is about 15% over coastalKarnataka (CK) and between 20-30% over interior Karnataka. The precipitation over this State is mainly dominated bysemi permanent systems like off shore trough running along the west coast, low pressure systems forming over the Bay ofBengal during the monsoon season. A well marked low pressure area during 28 September - 3 October 2009 over the Bayof Bengal caused widespread damage to life and property in north Karnataka. In this study, an attempt has been made toexamine the synoptic features of this system that caused heavy rainfall over many districts of the State leading towidespread destruction.


A paper cup forming machine performs the entire process to produce paper cups. Recently, as the demand for paper cups in various fields increases, the need for rapid and timely paper cup forming also increases. However, the more rapid the manufacturing speed is, the higher the possibility of forming failure. Frequent fault occurrences cause a time-consuming and costly repair process and reduces manufacturing efficiency. Among various fault factors in this research, position deviation of the paper from the original position, which induces a jamming and process stop, was selected and a novel deviation detecting system using multiple photo sensors was suggested. Before operating the position detecting system, the performance of the photo sensors was evaluated with respect to response speed and photo beam precision. A deviation detecting mechanism was designed. The developed deviation detecting system was integrated with the paper cup forming machine and experimented with using base papers. It was conformed that the suggested system could be used to diagnose paper deviation failure.


The maximum principle combined with numerical methods is a powerful tool to compute periodic optimal controls. We present some examples, in particular the three links Purcell swimmer and discuss some geometric problems related to such computations.


The paper analyzes the present popular news report style with firstly stating one sentence headline and specific narration in the following. The paper points out the three Junctions by analyzing specific examples.


The problem of the neural stem cell's directed differentiation is the difficulty of neural stem cell transplantation and there is no effective method at present.Lots of studies about the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine have been reported in the field of neural cell's directed differentiation and have made much progresses in this area.The results showed that some Chinese herbal formulas、single herbs and monomers have an effect on the differentiation and proliferation of neural stem cell.However,most of the studies are rather superficial and remain further investigated.


This paper proposed a novel local feature descriptor for multisource remote sensing image matching that is robust to significant geometric and illumination differences. In the proposed registration method, traditional SIFT algorithm is applied for local feature extraction and a novel descriptor, named local order pattern based self-similarity descriptor, LOPSS descriptor, is constructed for each extracted feature point. Then, a matching process followed by a reliable outlier removal procedure is implemented for feature matching and mismatch elimination. Finally, registration parameters are estimated by least square method in the affine transformation. The proposed method is applied for matching multisource remote sensing image pairs and the results verify its robustness and discriminability.


Amputation affects men and women of all ages, classes, races and religions. The patients' reactions are, however, entirely unique. This is a literature study comprising fourteen scientific articles ...


This invention provides a novel plasma apparatus, for the abating emissions of perfluoro compounds, which consists of a vortex plasma reactor, a venturi scrubber, a scrubber liquid sump, a packed tower scrubber, and a foam breaker. The said vortex plasma reactor has a plasma torch installed at the center of one end, and tangentially injected ports installed at the other end for the intake of flue gas containing perfluoro compounds and an amount of water for chemical reaction, to generate a highly turbulent vortex flow with high temperature gradient for enhancing the chemical reaction and destruction of the said perfluoro compounds. The flue gas from the said vortex plasma reactor is further treated by the said venturi scrubber for quenching and removal of acid gases and particulates, the said packed tower scrubber for the removal of acid gases, and the said foam breaker for the removal of entrained droplets and foams. The destruction and removal efficiency, of the said plasma apparatus for the abating emissions of PFCs, has demonstrated to reach 99.9%.


A pseudo-exponential capacitor bank structure is proposed to implement a wide-band CMOS LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with linearized coarse tuning characteristics. An octave bandwidth VCO employing the proposed 6-bit pseudo-exponential capacitor bank structure has been realized in 0.18-mum CMOS. Compared to a conventional VCO employing a binary weighted capacitor bank, the proposed VCO has considerably reduced the variations of the VCO gain (K VCO) and the frequency step per a capacitor bank code (f step/code) by 2.7 and 2.1 times, respectively, across the tuning range of 924-1850 MHz. Measurement results have also shown that the VCO provides the phase noise of - 127.1 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset for 1.752-GHz output frequency while dissipating 6 mA from a 1.8-V supply.


Image guidance is an effective strategy for depth super-resolution. Generally, most existing methods employ hand-crafted operators to decompose the high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) ingredients from low-resolution depth maps and guide the HF ingredients by directly concatenating them with image features. However, the hand-designed operators usually cause inferior HF maps (e.g., distorted or structurally missing) due to the diverse appearance of complex depth maps. Moreover, the direct concatenation often results in weak guidance because not all image features have a positive effect on the HF maps. In this paper, we develop a recurrent structure attention guided (RSAG) framework, consisting of two important parts. First, we introduce a deep contrastive network with multi-scale filters for adaptive frequency-domain separation, which adopts contrastive networks from large filters to small ones to calculate the pixel contrasts for adaptive high-quality HF predictions. Second, instead of the coarse concatenation guidance, we propose a recurrent structure attention block, which iteratively utilizes the latest depth estimation and the image features to jointly select clear patterns and boundaries, aiming at providing refined guidance for accurate depth recovery. In addition, we fuse the features of HF maps to enhance the edge structures in the decomposed LF maps. Extensive experiments show that our approach obtains superior performance compared with state-of-the-art depth super-resolution methods. Our code is available at: https://github.com/Yuanjiayii/DSR-RSAG.


Objective: To research the curative effect of proximal humerus fractures fixed with locking compression plate (LPHP). Method: 58 patients (21 male, 37 female) with proximal humerus fracture were treated with LPHP from January 2004 to September 2007. The average age of patients was 59.6 years old (from 23 to 78 years old). According to Neer Classification, 32 cases were with 2 parts fracture, 20 cases with 3 parts fracture, and 6 cases with 4 parts fracture. Result: The 58 cases were followed up for 5~24 months (mean 11.2 months). Time-to-union was 9.2 weeks. Based on Neer grade standard, the choiceness rate was 81%. The ischemic necrosis of femoral head occurred in one patient. Conlusion: By limited dissection and firm internal fixation, LPHP could cure the proximal humerus fractures. It is good for the union and the function of shoulder joint and tallies with the modern concept for the treatment of fractures; therefore, it is the first choice for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures.


Maozedong and Dengxiaoping adhered to Marxism view of practice to ponder over and resolve great problems about revolution and building.View of practice ran it through their whole theory creation.Practical characteristic is essence and foundamental feature of Maozedong and Dengxiaoping's philosophic thought mode.The mode is also foundmental way by which they created scientific theory.The characteristic embodies in three fields:doing away with trammels of dogmatism,starting from facts,respecting and being bold in practice.


Invited for the cover of this issue are Tomoki Ogoshi and co-workers at Kyoto University, Kanazawa University and Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. The image depicts musical notation to represent hydrogen bond networks and poly(ethylene oxide) chains. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202005099.


It is well known connection between the stroke and diseases of carotid artery (stenosis, aneurysm, kinking). In the XIX century postmortem studies showed association of ischemic brain lesions and plaque formation in carotid bifurcation [1]. Later in 1937 Egaz Moniz performed first angiography while neurologists started to consider connection between carotid and brain lesions, and very soon idea for surgical treatment was born [2]. In 1951, in Buenos Aires, Carrea performed external to internal carotid artery bypass, and published it in 1955 [3]. In the period from 1955-1975 different important cardiovascular surgical groups published their reports about surgical treatment of carotid stenosis in symptomatic patient using different reconstructive procedures. Eastcot, Pickering and Rob in 1954 reported resection of carotid bifurcation and internal to common carotid artery bypass, while DeBakey, then Row and Cooley performed carotid endarterectomy (CEA) – plaque removal instead of bypass [4, 5, 6, 7]. Afterwards idea of plaque removal instead of bypass was accepted widely, and its' efficacy in stroke prevention was later proved in multiple trials [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13].


Process Intensification (PI) based on Flow Induced Phase Inversion (FIPI) phenomenon is reviewed briefly. The relationship between PI and process miniaturization through micro-reactor technology is considered in terms of microreactors and phenomenon based process intensification. The significance of FIPI in micro-reactor technology is considered in more detail. In order to achieve phenomenon based process intensification, it is necessary to conduct processes in micro-scale which provides extended surface area and enhanced selectivity through the interactions between the reactants / products and the micro-reactor environment. Strong interactions can be achieved by providing specific chemical functionality, surface area and accessibility within the microenvironment. These conditions are achieved by using nanostructured micro-porous polymers or metals with controlled chemical structure in which arterial pores provide accessibility and nano-pores provide surface area and functionality. We examined the preparation of sulphonated micro-cellular PolyHIPE Polymers prepared through a High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) polymerization route and subsequently sulphonated using sulfuric acid which is already present within the pores of the micro-porous polymer. In the preparation of such polymers, FIPI is used to control the pore size and prevent the emulsion separation during polymerization as a result of sulfuric acid presence. PolyHIPE Polymers were also used as template in the preparation of nano-micro-porous metals/alloys which can be used as intensified catalyst or catalyst support. These catalysts also provide accessibility for the reactants and products through the arterial micro-pores connecting the nano-pores which provide catalytic activity and surface area.


Colombia signed a Free Trade Agreement with the United States in 2012. The central idea of this essay is to make a brief analysis about the response of Foreign Trade of Colombia from the moment it entered into force in 2012 to 2015.
To identify the response of Foreign Trade, described the Foreign Trade of Colombia it is similar with the lines of foreign policy because it fixed interest more in the country in the north than in the countries located in the same region.
To achieve the term of this Agreement passed about five years and several meetings, so that finally the biggest trading partner of Colombia agreed the term of the agreement.
The essay describes a before and after the Foreign Trade where its behavior is not be the best, considering figures of imports and exports during the period from 2012 to 2015.


The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a calcium chloride solution and a film of sodium alginate on the conservation of minimally processed 'Pera' oranges. The quality of minimally processed orange submitted to treatments with 1% calcium chloride and 1% sodium alginate and the control (without treatment application) were monitored by physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensorial analyses every 3 days during storage at 5 °C for a period of 12 days. Treatment with sodium alginate (1%) showed loss of smaller mass over the period of storage; however, the quality of the samples subjected to this treatment was compromised regarding the contents of ascorbic acid, sugars, soluble solids, and firmness. At the end of the storage period, the treatment with calcium chloride (1%) showed the best performance in maintaining the initial characteristics of the fruit preserving the contents of ascorbic acid, acidity, 'ratio', sugars, and firmness evidenced by the lower pectin solubilization. The microbiological analysis found negligible values of psycrotrophic bacteria, yeasts, molds, and total coliforms in all treatments. This indicates that a control of hygienic conditions led to a standard microbiological product according to the food legislation without Salmonella and coliforms under 45 °C. Sensorially, minimally processed orange treated with calcium chloride (1%) and control proved good for consumption for up to nine days of storage.


Objective To evaluate the response and potential reasons of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with refractory congestive heart failure (CHF) and atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods Five cases of CHF complicated by AF from March 2003 to March 2007 were enrolled.Among them,there were four cases of dilated cardiomyopathy and one case of ischemic myopathy,with NYHA class Ⅲ-Ⅳ.Left ventricular leads were successfully implanted via coronary sinus in 4 patients.It failed in one case,and then,the case was subjected to pacing at two sites of right ventricle,including high septum aspect of right ventricle and apex.Results The average follow-up duration was 12±13 months.At the final follow-up visit,improvements in symptoms,quality of life and exercise tolerance in all patients were observed,and NYHA class increased by 0+-2 grades.The average percentage of biventricular pacing (BiV-p) was (90±9)%.Case 2,4,and 5 suffered ventricular premature beat frequently,with lower percentage of BiV-p (77%-83%).The percentage of BiV-p in case 2 increased from 83% to 95% after administration of amiodarone.All 5 patients died within 1-33 months after implantation,among which,3 died of deterioration of heart failure and 2 of ventricular arrhythmias.Conclusion CRT is effective in treating CHF patients complicated by AF.High percentage of BiV-p is one of the key factors influencing the response of CRT in this group of patients.For CHF patients with AF,CRT may need to be considered in the earlier stage of CHF.CRT-defibrillator treatment may be more suitable in some of these patients.


As manned space travel has steadily increased in duration and sophistication, the answer to a simple, relevant question remains elusive. Does endurance exercise training - high intensity rhythmic activity, performed regularly for extended periods of time - alter the disposition to, or severity of, postflight orthostatic hypotension? Research results continue to provide different views; however, data are difficult to compare because of the following factors that vary between investigations: the type of orthostatic stress imposed (+Gz, lower body negative pressure (LBNP), head-up tilt); pretest perturbations used (exercise, heat exposure, head-down tilting, bed rest, water immersion, hypohydration, pharmacologically-induced diuresis); the length of the training program used in longitudinal investigations (days versus weeks versus months); the criteria used to define fitness; and the criteria used to define orthostatic tolerance. Generally, research results indicate that individuals engaged in aerobic exercise activities for a period of years have been reported to have reduced orthostatic tolerance compared to untrained control subjects, while the results of shorter term longitudinal studies remain equivocal. Such conclusions suggest that chronic athletic training programs reduce orthostatic tolerance, whereas relatively brief (days to weeks) training programs do not affect orthostatic tolerance to any significant degree (increase or decrease). A primary objective was established to identify the alterations in blood pressure control that contribute to training-induced orthostatic hypotension (TIOH). Although any aspect of blood pressure regulation is suspect, current research has been focused on the baroreceptor system. Reductions in carotid baroreflex responsiveness have been documented in exercise-trained rabbits, reportedly due to an inhibitory influence from cardiac afferent, presumably vagal, nerve fibers that is abolished with intrapericardiac denervation. The purpose of this investigation was to attempt to determine if similar relationships existed in men with varied levels of fitness, using maximal aerobic power, VO2 max, as the marker of fitness.


The article analyzes requirements of the National Bank of Ukraine for transparency of banks, banking groups and non-banking financial market participants. Transparency development process in the Ukrainian banking sector considered in a dynamic and in context of the EU's transparency requirements.

Authors came to conclusion that the National Bank of Ukraine have to extended last achievements at banks transparency issues on activities of banking groups and to non-banking financial institutions. This conclusion based on rudiments of effective supervision of banking groups on a consolidated basis, as well as the adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the Law on "Split". This law extends the National Bank's responsibility in the supervision of non-banking financial institutions (insurance, leasing, financial companies, credit unions, pawnshops and credit bureaus) since July 2020. Therefore, the National Bank should introduce new regulatory requirements to increase the transparency of banking groups and non-bank financial intermediaries. These reforms will establish uniform approaches and standards for disclosure of information on the activities of financial institutions, as well as provide the harmonization of national legislation with EU requirements.
Expanding the list of public reporting information and establishing proper reporting intervals will ensure the stable functioning of the financial market and will increase the confidence in the financial system by the users of financial services. These measures will also help management of the financial organization to make informed decisions in defining their development strategy. Besides, they will provide further development of the competitive environment in the financial services industry.
Keywords:
transparency of banking system, transparency requirements, bank, banking group.


This article analyzes the problems that faced by electric power telecommunication system such as business is diffluent,engineer′s knowledge is outdated and standardization management is hard to merge into electric power professional management system.The article also points out these problems are the factors which may be made telecommunication profession fringe,proposes that "The 11th five-years-plan" of telecommunication should emphasize professional and standardizing construction,programming the task that made main business to convert to IP technology,leading maintaining engineers to grasp new technology,thus it can make engineers to finish technology diversion,to promote the professional status from the aspects of management,technology and engineers,to make telecommunication profession to bring into play larger function.


Editorial on content of Doolin Lecture by Dr Joe Barry. The theme was alcohol consumption and its increase in Ireland in recent years.


The control and steering system for testing flow is presented in this publication. Multi-phase flow measurement technologies are still built and improved. There is a clear trend in the industry to implement more optimum related functions, where the focus is on active control and the monitoring system. Control related active optimum functions can only be realized with a system that allows electronic control. Control algorithms cover issues related to the processing of data obtained from various sensors located at nodes. Monitoring is in the range of acquired and processed data as well as parameter automation. The most characteristic features of presented project are compact size of data acquisition module. Complexity and cost of electrical capacitance tomography systems implementation into manufacturing processes as well as substantial size of equipment are the main reasons of their absence in the industry. There was proposed the prototype solution equally efficient as most of the currently existing ones.


The research also aims to draw in professional bodies and agencies, organizations, teacher/academicians, students and parents/guardians to be aware of what effects will result from synergies and what it will bring upon the accounting profession in Nigeria.


We investigate assumptions for the use of diffusion models and show how a diffusion model can be used in the study of the Interior First Passage Problem, wherein we are interested in the first passage time for a process to reach some point or sub-region within the region on which the process is defined. Since analytical solutions are not usually available for the partial differential equations associated with diffusion models we look in detail at finite difference methods of solution. We demonstrate the relationship between a finite difference solution and a random walk solution for a simple problem. A particular finite difference scheme is defined for which sufficient conditions are established for the convergence of several iterative methods of solution of the finite difference equations. In addition we discuss stability of the finite difference scheme. We demonstrate the use of a diffusion model in a study of the


Cognitive radio is a promising technology that improves the sp ctral utilisation by allowing unlicensed secondary users to access underutilised freque ncy bands in an opportunistic manner. This task can be carried out through spectrum sensing: t he secondary user monitors the presence of primary users over the radio spectrum periodica lly to avoid harmful interference to the licensed service. Traditional energy based sensing methods assume the value o f noise power asprior knowledge. They suffer from the noise uncertainty problem as even a mild noise level mismatch will lead to significant performance loss. Hence, developing an effici nt robust detection method is important. In this thesis, a novel sensing technique using t heF -test is proposed. By assuming a multiple antenna assisted receiver, this detector uses th eF -statistic as the test statistic which offers absolute robustness against the noise variance unce rtai ty. In addition, since the channel state information (CSI) is required to be known, the impact o f CSI uncertainty is also discussed. Results show theF -test based sensing method performs better than the energy d tector and has a constant false alarm probability, independent of the accu r y of the CSI estimate. Another main topic of this thesis is to address the sensing pr oblem for non-Gaussian noise. Most of the current sensing techniques consider Gaussian no ise as implied by the central limit theorem (CLT) and it offers mathematical tractability. How ever, it sometimes fails to model the noise in practical wireless communication systems, which o ften shows a non-Gaussian heavytailed behaviour. In this thesis, several sensing algorithms are proposed for non-Gaussian noise. Firstly, a nonparametric eigenvalue based detector is developed by explo iting the eigenstructure of the sample covariance matrix. This detector is blind as no information about the noise, signal and channel is required. In addition, the conventional energy d etector and the aforementioned F test based detector are generalised to non-Gaussian noise, which require the noise power and CSI to be known, respectively. A major concern of these detec tion methods is to control the false alarm probability. Although the test statistics are e asy to evaluate, the corresponding null distributions are difficult to obtain as they depend on the no ise type which may be unknown and non-Gaussian. In this thesis, we apply the powerful bootstr ap technique to overcome this difficulty. The key idea is to reuse the data through resampling in stead of repeating the experiment a large number of times. By using the nonparametric bootstra p approach to estimate the null distribution of the test statistic, the assumptions on the d ata model are minimised and no large sample assumption is invoked. In addition, for the F -statistic based method, we also propose a degrees-of-freedom modification approach for null distri bu ion approximation. This method assumes a known noise kurtosis and yields closed form soluti ons. Simulation results show that in non-Gaussian noise, all the three detectors maintain the desired false alarm probability by using the proposed algorithms. The F -statistic based detector performs the best, e.g., to obtai n a 90% detection probability in Laplacian noise, it provides a 2.5 dB and 4 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain compared with the eigenvalue based detecto r and the energy based detector, respectively. Declaration of originality I hereby declare that the research recorded in this thesis an d the thesis itself was composed and originated entirely by myself in the School of Engineering a t The University of Edinburgh.


Synthetic dyes are widely used in textile, printing, leather tanning, cosmetic, drug and food processing industries. The printing and dyeing industry is considered as one of the most polluting industrial sectors. The printing process is very versatile and includes printing on paper as well as printing on textile, plastic and other materials. After the printing process is completed, various chemicals such as ethers, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, benzene, and esters are used in the cleaning procedure. Resulting wastewater often contains a variety of solvents, surfactants, dyes, and other chemicals, thus greatly increasing the difficulty of wastewater treatment. Improper discharge of printing and dyeing wastewater into water bodies will have several effect, beginning with aesthetical issues followed by destruction of the aqueous ecosystem due to light attenuation, oxygen consumption and toxicity effects. Therefore, it is very important to find out and optimize printing and dying wastewater treatment techniques. Processes for dye removal from wastewater can be physical, chemical, biological and more recently hybrid treatments. Physical processes such as adsorption, based on mass transfer mechanism, are commonly used method mainly due to ease of operation and high efficiency. Chemical processes including coagulation and flocculation, advanced oxidation processes and electrochemical treatment are usually more expensive due t chemicals use, equipment requirements and electrical energy consumption. However, these techniques are destructive and may lead to total mineralization of dye molecules and accompanying pollutants. Biological treatment is a low-cost and environmentally friendly process that produces less sludge. This method has significant advantages but dye molecules are less prone to this kind of treatment as they are made to be stable and reluctant. So, the adjustment and optimization of biological treatment, for dye removal, is an ongoing field of research. In recent studies hybrid processes are gaining more attention, combining different techniques. Integrating treatments, as a cost-saving and time-saving process, can represent optimal solution for printing wastewater treatment.


This research sought a solution to reduce residual displacements of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers after earthquake excitations. Because prestressed concrete (PC) members normally show recovery from elastic stiffness during unloading, this work proposes the possibility of using PC to minimize the residual displacements. However, prestressed members will have reduced ductility. Therefore, a new technique that employs partially prestressed concrete (PPC) for the bridge piers is examined in order to take advantage of the positive features of both RC and PC. An extensive experimental program, using reversed cyclic loading and pseudo-dynamic tests, was conducted. The experimental variables included the relative ratio of prestressing tendons to non-prestressing reinforcement and flexural to shear capacities. Based on test results, the inelastic response behavior of PPC bridge piers was substantially clarified. The advantages and disadvantages of their use were clearly identified. The study revealed that employing prestressing tendons in RC bridge piers could result in subsequent reductions of residual displacements, restrain associated cracking, and enhanced concrete shear strength after earthquake excitations.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a wireless control method and a set-top box. The method comprises the following steps of: receiving control data from a controller through a local area network; and executing corresponding operation according to the received control data. According to the technical scheme, the control data is received from the controller such as a mobile phone terminal through the local area network, and the set-top box can resolve the received control data and execute corresponding control operation. Compared with an infrared transmission technology, the technical scheme adopting the data transmission realized through the local area network is reliable and high in speed, so that a user can control a television system (particularly, the user can control the set-top box, and the set-top box controls a television) by adopting equipment such as the mobile phone terminal.


to the GCF. A paradigm shift might imply moving to more programmatic approaches, for example approaches covering whole sectors or economies. Strong country ownership is essential for a paradigm shift to occur and important for ambition; it will ensure that new ways of working endure in the long term. The GCF can create the conditions for achieving a paradigm shift by providing clear incentives and guidance for ambitious proposals by governments and sub-national actors, by developing access modalities that ensure strong country ownership, by supporting the necessary capacity development, and by encouraging robust knowledge sharing. This must be matched


Honesty is the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation,and the inherent requirements of the contemporary college student's healthy personality.The role of honesty education playing on the development of college student's healthy personality is significant.It has important realistic meaning to shape healthy personality of college students via various ways such as society concern,school teaching,family guiding and self education.


For the quantum walled Brauer algebra, we construct its Specht modules and (for generic parameters of the algebra) seminormal modules. The latter construction yields the spectrum of a commuting family of Jucys–Murphy elements. We also propose a Baxterization prescription; it involves representing the quantum walled Brauer algebra in terms of morphisms in a braided monoidal category and introducing parameters into these morphisms, which allows constructing a 'universal transfer matrix' that generates commuting elements of the algebra.


The legislation and regulations regarding drugs are complex and open to interpretation. Midwives need to be clear about their responsibilities, both professionally and legally, if they are to encompass the recommendations of Changing Childbirth (Department of Health, 1993). This article aims to give a practical interpretation.


Hypotheses about the functions of the male genitalia and the male scape in insects were tested by measuring the slopes of allometric relations in six populations of Chauliognathus scutellaris. All allometric relations used elytron length as the indicator of overall body size. Male genitalia have lower slopes than male pronota (a structure not involved in reproduction), male scapes (secondary sexual characters) have higher slopes than male pronota, and female scapes have slopes that are not different from the slopes of female pronota. These results support Eberhard's onesize-fits-all hypothesis regarding the size of male genitalia in insects, and they raise questions about the role of the male scape in reproductive activities.


A spacer (10) serves to limit the depth of insertion of a shaft of a medical instrument into a body. To this end it has a distal stop (20) for applying on the body, further, it has a length extending over a portion of the shaft spacer element and a device for releasable attachment of the spacer (10) on a medical instrument. The spacer (10) can be applied via a lateral slot opening (14) at the shaft (Fig. 4).


Energy levels of 172Yb have been studied using the (n,n'γ) reaction with fast reactor‐neutrons. The de‐excitation γ‐rays from a target (5.68g of Yb2O3 enriched to 95.0% in 172Yb) were observed with a 30 cm3 coaxial Ge(Li) detector located at a distance of 40 cm from the target and coupled to a 4096 channel analyser. The system resolution was 2.5 keV FWHM for the 1.33 MeV γ‐rays.


Lecturer on Surgery. Loose Cartilages in the Knee-joint. In the number of the Monthly Journal of Medical Science for November 1852, Mr Syme drew attention to a new mode of remedying this very troublesome affection ; and the following cases illustrate well the serious consequences which occasionally followed the old mode of removing these bodies, as contrasted with the safety of the treatment lately proposed by Mr Syme, which is simple as regards the mode of operating, and appears to be effectual as regards its results.


The clinical findings leading to the diagnosis of a spinal cord tumor in pediatric orthopedics are reported with a discussion of the neuro-urological aspects.


Introducing the theory of the chart of the 3T and upper-wind, and the application result of henan province continuous rain storm from 3 to 7, July, 2000.


Bayou Bartholomew in Arkansas and Louisiana is one of the largest free-flowing unchannelized rivers in the United States. A 2004 survey of the unionoid mussel fauna of Bayou Bartholomew in Arkansas yielded 35 native species across 50 sites. The washboard (Megalonaias nervosa) was the most common mussel encountered. Relict valves of black sandshell (Ligumia recta) and the federally endangered pink mucket (Lampsilis abrupta) were also found during the survey. Species richness, Pielou's evenness, and Shannon's diversity all increased from upstream to downstream. These data provide baseline information about the aquatic diversity of Bayou Bartholomew and can serve as possible benchmarks for restoring freshwater ecosystems in other Southeastern rivers and streams.


Prof Lawrence Schlemmer reports on a new empirical study for CDE of South Africa's rapidly growing African middle class, mainly aimed at establishing its orientation towards business and economic growth. It is the first major study of how this class views key challenges facing the country. Schlemmer finds that it is much smaller than is popularly believed, but is growing very rapidly. It strongly identifies with the ANC government, but is not uncritical of it; has few points of contact with the established white middle class; is generally not active in civil society; and has ambiguous attitudes to private enterprise. While it regards affirmative action and BEE as vital to its interests, it doubts whether these policies will do anything for the majority of black people. In this and other ways, this class differs significantly from the much smaller black empowerment elite. This publication is a summary of the main report, which is obtainable from CDE.