This task plan outlines work needed to upgrade the EQ3/6 geochemical code and expand the supporting data bases to allow the Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations (NNWSI) to model chemical processes important to the storage of nuclear waste in a tuff repository in the unsaturated zone. The plan covers the fiscal years 1984 to 1988. The scope of work includes the development of sub-models in the EQ3/6 code package for studying the effects of sorption, precipitation kinetics, redox disequilibrium, and radiolysis on radionuclide speciation and solubility. The work also includes a glass/water interactions model and a geochemical flow model which will allow us to study waste form leaching and reactions involving the waste package. A special emphasis is placed on verification of new capabilities as they are developed and code documentation to meet NRC requirements. Data base expansion includes the addition of elements and associated aqueous species and solid phases that are specific to nuclear waste (e.g., actinides and fission products) and the upgrading and documentation of the thermodynamic data for other species of interest.


The past decade has seen a surge in interest in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. Understanding firms' and portfolios' exposure to ESG risks is essential. For that purpose, the authors examine the interplay between ESG risk, size, and sector and suggest a straightforward approach for investors to adjust ESG risk scores for size and sector effects. They show examples of portfolios that minimize ESG risk while reducing exposure to size and sectors. The authors also show that there is no free lunch—as investors adjust for size and sector, they are, in effect, constraining their investment universe as well. The suggested adjustments are not specific to size or sector factors but could be applied to any factor.


This paper discusses a compact modeling framework for undoped double-gate (DG) SOI MOSFETs. Drain current classical physics non-regional core models are unified for undoped-body MOSFETs, from bulk to asymmetric and symmetric double-gate device structures. Unification is attained through the use of a mixed formulation of the drain current based on a combination of charge and surface potential. The resulting unified expression describes the behavior inside the silicon body, and does not explicitly contain the front and back flatband voltages, oxide thicknesses, or gate biases. This type of unification, which is valid when the electric field vanishes inside or outside the semiconductor body, may provide useful insight about surface potential-based and chargebased formulations for developing MOSFET core compact models.


With recent concern about aquatic contamination from potential teratogens including heavy metals, dioxins, pharmaceutical residues, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and synthetic estrogens,1–6 some public health agencies throughout the world have recommended limiting gestational fish consumption to minimise fetal harm associated with toxicant exposure.7 Conversely, a well-publicised research paper in Lancet concluded that adequate seafood consumption in pregnancy correlates with improved child development and that 'advice to limit seafood consumption could actually be detrimental'.8 This commentary will consider the issue of maternal fish consumption in the context of recent medical literature on nutrition and essential fatty acids (EFAs). With discussion of intricate laparoscopic techniques, avant-garde reproductive interventions, complex microsurgery, and epigenetic therapies, many medical practitioners find the practice of dietary or nutritional therapy to be dull, alternative, and perhaps simplistic medicine. Exploration of the aetiological factors contributing to the global escalation in chronic disease,9 however, has revealed that some contemporary ill health results from nutritional compromise.10 Furthermore, recent research demonstrates that certain obstetric and paediatric afflictions might effectively be prevented by provision during pregnancy of the nutrients required for optimal development and sustained function. The correlation between deficient folate and neural tube defects11 (NTDs) previously prompted widespread periconceptional supplementation and recent concerns about potential fetal sequelae (including cleft palate)12 of maternal biotin deficiency13 as well as considerable risk for NTDs with low maternal vitamin B12 status14 have fuelled intensified research on the link between gestational nutrient requirements and maternal and fetal outcome. Correlations including those of maternal selenium levels with pre-eclampsia15 and maternal vitamin D status with subsequent risk in the offspring for diabetes,16 asthma,17 adverse bone health,18 and multiple sclerosis19 illustrate the truism that the human being requires specific nutrients during gestation to carry out the molecular processes within cells and tissues, processes which on the macroscale influence both maternal physiology and fetal development. Considerable attention has recently focused on the role of EFAs in maternal and fetal metabolism.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of a combined budget-tailored culinary nutrition program for undergraduate nutrition-related majors on knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy and applicability to everyday life and future health careers.

Design/methodology/approach

A wait-list control (n=54) completed a six-week cooking with chef and shopping healthy on a budget cooking matters at the store program. Assessment questionnaires evaluated participants' knowledge and program applicability. Data analysis included response frequency and statistical differences within and between treatment and control groups.

Findings

Significant differences identified at (<0.001) for cooking self-efficacy, self-efficacy for using basic cooking techniques, self-efficacy for using fruits, vegetables, seasonings, and the ability to use economical methods to purchase produce. Average score noted at 89 percent for knowledge of shopping healthy on a budget.

Research limitations/implications

Findings support positive effects of combining culinary nutrition training with food budget information. Concepts enhance self-efficacy in meal planning and preparation for entry level nutrition related graduates.

Originality/value

Combining culinary arts experience with applied human nutrition concepts training provide a basis for enhanced confidence for entry nutrition dietetics healthcare.


This paper aims to analyze the expulsion of the Roma people in France in 2010 as the consequence of their transformation into a societal security issue by the French authorities. It does so by using the theoretical framework provided by the securitization theory especially in its latest, sociological variant. In its first formulation, securitization theory was concerned with security as a speech act, emphasizing the importance of discourse and its rules for the emergence of a security issue. The sociological variant also focuses on practices, context and the power relations that characterize the construction of threat. This is of particular importance since it stresses how different securitizing actors call upon distinct audiences and sources of legitimacy. In order to study these processes I will use a qualitative methodology focused on analyzing the discourses and practices involved. The securitization used by the French authorities referred to several social groups, mixing, for example, Roma people and gens du voyage, but those targeted as scapegoats were the Roma, by invoking the "republican order" and the "values of the French society". Thus, president Sarkozy and the French invoked a threat to the identity of the French society in order to legitimize the ensuing collective expulsions. The aim of the paper is not to reify the way Roma people are perceived but to show how their identity and mobility is recurrently constructed as an illegitimate threat. Especially in times of crisis we deal with this kind of approach in which the political mechanisms of the nation-state produce a rise in xenophobic attitudes which forces some parties to appropriate extreme right wing discourses in order to guarantee their electoral success. Targeting an entire community, as opposed to a case by case approach, makes even clearer the transformation of the issue into a societal threat.


Scientific developments, the following technological innovations and the globalizing world further increased the ubiquitous need for translation over the centuries. Due to the newly emerging and constantly evolving fields, terminology is created for each discipline in order to ensure communication between field specialists and it enables them to meet both nationally and internationally on a common ground, at which point translation becomes an inevitable need. Although specialized translation is widespread in the translation industry, it is one of the most difficult fields for translators. For the translation of medical texts in particular, since the terms, terminology and specialist knowledge used within the context of the fields form the key point of translations, the translator must have the translation competence and the relevant specialist knowledge and especially the terminology. For this reason, in addition to the aforementioned skills, the translators who perform medical translations should interact with professionals and be open to innovation, research and learning.
The aim of this study is to examine how the terms of dental terminology manifest themselves in the context of the respective subject area and with which translation methods they were introduced into Turkish using concrete examples. In this context, the corpus of study concerns instructions for use for dental products, which include the field of dentistry and are intended for professional use. The terms used in the instructions for use were compared in English, German and Turkish. In the specialized translation, it is emphasized that before starting the specialized translation, translators should have translation skills, expert knowledge and should work with relevant specialists and that translation-oriented terminology studies in the specialist areas are crucial.


Bacterial meningitis is the most common serious infection of the central nervous system (CNS) and a major cause of death and disability worldwide, especially in children. Although antibiotic therapy has changed bacterial meningitis from a uniformly fatal disease to an often curable one, mortality remains at 5 to 10% with permanent neurologic sequelae occurring in up to 40% of survivors, including cerebral ischemia, brain edema, hydrocephalus, increased intracranial pressure, seizure activity, and arterial and venous cerebral vascular insults. To produce meningitis, blood‐borne bacteria must typically penetrate the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), which is primarily composed of a layer of specialized brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC), and together with astrocytes, pericytes, neurons and the extracellular matrix, constitute the neurovascular unit (NVU). The BBB functions to protect the brain from toxins and microbes that may be present in the blood by maintaining specialized intracellular tight junctions and strict regulation of endocytosis. To study bacterial‐BBB interactions we used a well‐characterized human BMEC cell line (hBMEC) and the model organism Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), which has emerged as the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in the neonatal period. To assess hBMEC integrity and barrier function we monitored changes in trans‐endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) in real time using the electrical cell impedance sensing (ECIS) system from Applied Biophysics. At various seeding densities we observed an increase in TEER that reached 1000 ohms over 24 hours. However following GBS infection TEER values were greatly reduced. As part of the NVU, astrocytes have previously been shown to help maintain BBB function, however, little is known about the interaction and response of astrocytes to bacterial infection and the subsequent impact on BBB function during the progression of meningitis. Using the human astrocyte cell line, SVG‐A, we have shown previously that GBS adheres to and invades astrocytes. Here we examined the response of astrocytes to GBS infection using RT‐qPCR and found that infection resulted in the induction of several pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and IL‐36 as well as factors that promote cell motility and BBB breakdown such as VEGF, and two key members of the matrix metalloproteinase family, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. Thus we hypothesize that GBS activation of astrocytes may impact neuroinflammation and BBB breakdown. To investigate the contribution of astrocytes to BBB barrier integrity we have co‐cultured astrocytes and hBMEC on opposing sides of trans‐well inserts to develop a more robust in vitro BBB model. Future studies will use the ECIS system to measure TEER during GBS infection to determine how astrocytic response impacts BBB function. Understanding the role of astrocytes during bacterial infection will provide important information in the modulation of BBB disruption during the development of meningitis.


In their Report "Historical warnings of future food insecurity with unprecedented seasonal heat" (9 January, p. [240][1]), D. S. Battisti and R. L. Naylor argue that because agricultural yields are severely reduced in anomalously hot years, a general rise in average growing season temperature


This paper examines the stochastic behaviour of the realized betas within the one-factor CAPM for the six companies with the highest market capitalization included in the Spanish IBEX stock market index. Fractional integration methods are applied to estimate their degree of persistence at the daily, weekly and monthly frequency over the period 1 January 2000 – 15 November 2018 using 1, 3 and 5-year samples. On the whole, the results indicate that the realized betas are highly persistent and do not exhibit mean-reverting behaviour. However, the findings are rather sensitive to the choice of frequency and time span (number of observations).


This work examines the comparative study of various materials, i.e., Metal, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Black Phosphorous (BP), Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Titanium Nitride (TiN) as a gate material in Recessed Channel (RC) MOSFET with an aim to examine the most desired gate material for sub-20nm MOS device. It is perceived from the results that the characteristics of RC MOSFET improves significantly in terms of transconductance (gm) (two times), switching ratio (Ion/Ioff) (102 to 108), subthreshold slope (SS) (47.69%), electron mobility (45.4%) and electric field (71.4%) when Black Phosphorus is amalgamated on to the RC MOSFET when compared to Al, ITO, ZnO and TiN gated RC MOSFET. Thus, this analysis demonstrates the potential of black phosphorus as a gate material which can further be used for the applications in Nanoelectronic devices and IC design.


This paper presents the results of an investigation into numerical simulation tools for high-impedance surfaces (HIS), with the primary aim of assisting in the design and optimization of these structures in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) applications. The mathematically simple stub technique was used for capacitors and inductances to model lumped L and C in transmission line configurations. The basic principles of the transmission line modeling (TLM) method, such as the equivalences between the field quantities and circuit parameters, are briefly discussed and are applied on a uniform and a high-impedance transmission lines.


Abstract: This study was conducted to determine whether there is an effect of the buzz group discussion learning method by comparing the learning outcomes of the experimental class and the control class in mathematics. The research was conducted at SDN 1 SP. Padang with the research subjects being fourth grade students. The research method used in this research is pre-experimental designs with intact-group comparison research design. The sampling used in this research is purposive sampling. The sample used in this study was class IV A as the control class and class IV B as the experimental class with a total of 48 students. Data collection techniques used in this study are test, observation and documentation techniques. The instrument has passed the validity test using the product moment correlation and the reliability test using the Alpha formula. The data that had been collected were then analyzed to see the difference in learning outcomes of the t-test (independent t-test) which was calculated manually. The results showed that student learning outcomes in the experimental class with an average of 71.79 while the average in the control class was 57.58. The level of significance used is 5%. Based on the results of the calculation of data analysis, the value of t_count > t_table is 3.83 > 2.021, it shows that H_o is rejected and H_a is accepted. From the results of the data analysis, it can be concluded that the hypothesis which states that there are differences in student learning outcomes between classes that apply the buzz group discussion learning method and classes that do not apply the buzz group discussion learning method to student learning outcomes in class IV mathematics subjects at SDN 1 SP .Padang.Keywords: buzz group discussion learning method, learning outcomes and mathematicsAbstrak : Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh metode pembelajaran diskusi buzz group dengan membandingkan hasil belajar kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol pada mata pelajaran matematika. Penelitian dilakukan di SDN 1 SP.Padang dengan subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ialah pre- Experimental designs dengan bentuk desain penelitian intact-group comparison. Adapun pengambilan sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah  sampling purposive. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas IV A sebagai kelas Kontrol dan Kelas IV B sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan jumlah seluruh siswa 48 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik tes, observasi dan dokumentasi. Instrument telah melalui uji validitas menggunakan korelasi product moment dan uji reabilitas menggunakan rumus Alpha. Data-data yang berhasil dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis untuk melihat perbedaan hasil belajar uji-t (independent t-test) yang dihitung secara manual.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen dengan rata-rata 71,79 sedangkan rata-rata dikelas control adalah 57,58. Taraf signifikansi yang digunakan sebesar 5%. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan analisis data yang diperoleh nilai  yaitu 3,832,021 maka menunjukan bahwa . Dari hasil analisis data tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis yang menyatakan terdapat  perbedaan hasil belajar siswa antara kelas yang menerapkan metode pembelajaran diskusi buzz group dengan kelas yang tidak menerapkan metode pembelajaran diskusi buzz group terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika kelas IV di SDN 1 SP.Padang.Kata Kunci : metode pembelajaran diskusi buzz group, hasil belajar dan matematika


Introduction. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that isdefined, neuropathologically, by the presence of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau in the neurons andastrocytes of the perivascular area that is located deep in the cerebral sulci. The lesion is associated withrepetitive brain trauma, from the spectrum of asymptomatic subconcussive head injury to grossly identifiablefeatures of concussion. Although the diagnostic neuropathology of CTE is well-characterized, the precisemechanism that causes this to occur in CTE is not yet clearly elucidated. The features of hyperphosphorylatedtau in CTE is quite similar with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), as is the reduced expression of certain genes thatare required to dephosphorylate tau, which is the putative culprit in the generation of amyloid aggregatesand hyperphosphorylated tau.1 In comparison, Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease thatis caused by accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein (α-syn) that causes the formation of intraneuronalLewy Body aggregates. The pattern of accumulation for α-syn involves the olfactory bulb and the gut withprogressive involvement of the posterior part of the brain.2 Despite establishing the presence of two differentintraneuronal inclusions for CTE and PD, contact sports associated with the clinical spectrum of CTE has beenshown to present with Parkinsonian features along with dementia. Mood disorders has been reported to occurin patients with these neurologic conditions. Several studies have documented that patients had a previousexperience of traumatic brain injury prior to the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder (BD). A review of electronicliterature suggested that having an earlier diagnosis of BD increased the likelihood of having a diagnosis ofPD in the future.3,4
Objectives. This research aimed to compare the over- and underexpressed genes in cases with Parkinson'sDisease (PD), cases with Bipolar Disorder (BD), and cases with Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) versusnormal controls. This was done to determine if parallel overexpression in certain genes may indicate the possible association at the level of gene expression. Identifying similar RNA sequence establishing gene expression may provide an insight to the relationship of the diseases in terms of pathobiological behavior. Determining the similar over- or underexpression pattern may provide an insight on the common pathobiologic mechanisms that may be the reason for the three disorders being associated by way of pre-morbid or co-morbid condition.
Methodology. Transcripts from the public domain archive of the NCBI SRA were identified for the RNA sequence (RNAseq) of interest using the search string "Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy," "Bipolar Disorder," and "Parkinson." Only public domain transcriptome files of post-mortem brain samples labeled as RNAseq dataextracted thru the Illumina platform that have a paired normal control were selected. A total of ten (10)cases for each disorder and thirty (30) normal subjects for control in the NCBI SRA RNAseq database witha whole exome sequence file that was available for public domain use was utilized for differential geneexpression analysis.6,7,8
Results and Discussion. Among 21,122 identified genes from the RNAseq, the analysis was able to identify26 genes exhibiting increased expression of up to >15 log2 fold change among cases with CTE, PD, andBD compared with normal controls. In contradistinction, only 6 well-described genes exhibited a decreasedexpression among cases with CTE and BD compared to normal controls. However, there were no identified genes that exhibited underexpression in cases with PD compared with normal controls. The identification of parallel gene overexpression among the CTE, BD, and PD groups with respect to structural integrity, cellular metabolism, homeostasis, and apoptosis may indicate a common pathway that have been initiated as part of the response to maintain tissue function or as a consequence of the underlying pathobiologic mechanism that caused the primary lesion.


The article research deals with the issues of the world market of tourist services and its place in the world gross product. The author highlights the modern trends in the world market of services and defines the place of international tourism as a priority sphere of economy of many countries, providing the lion's share of the total national income of countries, becoming a direction of international specialization, promoting comprehensive sustainable economic development, social inclusion, growth of employment and overcoming poverty, efficient use of resources, environmental protection, development of interculturalcommunications, preservation of peace and security as an important component of social interactions of global scale. Research тhe theory of international trade from the perspective of supply and perspective of demand is investigated and systematized. The comparative advantages that determine the directions of foreign trade through the export of surplus resources and import of scarce resources of production are discovered. It is discovered that all considered traditional theories of international trade were based not on the similarity of countries, but in contrary on their differences. It is proved, regardless of the theory ofrelative factor endowments, that not only the differences but also similarities between countries may be a prerequisite for trade. The country similarity theory, which states that having developed new products in response to discovered market needs in the domestic market, the manufacturing company then refers to markets that are the most similar to the markets of its country, is analyzed. It was established that this theory explains international trade mainly from the perspective of demand, not supply. It is generalized that the theories of international trade is the basis for the statistical monitoring of trade and allow toidentify key indicators of its measurement.


Most bubble breakage models have been developed for multiphase simulations using Euler-Euler (EE) approaches. Commonly, they are linked with population balance models (PBM) and are validated by making use of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models. The latter, however, may be replaced by alternate approaches such as Large Eddy simulations (LES) that play a pivotal role in current developments based on lattice Boltzmann (LBM) technologies. Consequently, this study investigates the possibility of transferring promising bubble breakage models from the EE framework into Euler-Lagrange (EL) settings aiming to perform LES. Using our own model, it was possible to reproduce similar bubble size distributions (BSDs) for EL and EE simulations. Therefore, the critical Weber (Wecrit) number served as a threshold value for the occurrence of bubble breakage events. Wecrit depended on the bubble daughter size distribution (DSD) and a set minimum time between two consecutive bubble breakage events. The commercial frameworks Ansys Fluent and M-Star were applied for EE and EL simulations, respectively. The latter enabled the implementation of LES, i.e., the use of a turbulence model with non-time averaged entities. By properly choosing Wecrit, it was possible to successfully transfer two commonly applied bubble breakage models from EE to EL. Based on the mechanism of bubble breakage, Wecrit values of 7 and 11 were determined, respectively. Optimum Wecrit were identified as fitting the shape of DSDs, as this turned out to be a key criterion for reaching optimum prediction quality. Optimum Wecrit values hold true for commonly applied operational conditions in aerated bioreactors, considering water as the matrix.


We demonstrate a mitigation of fiber nonlinearity using μ-law companding transform in coherent optical OFDM transmission. After transmission of 1,040 km over SMF, the proposed scheme shows 5.5 dB OSNR improvements over non-companded signal.


(1) The color reaction between iodine and basic acetate is not, as is often believed, peculiar to lanthanum. It is shown also by praseodymium, neodymium and samarium. (2) The absorption maximum of iodine-basic acetate shifts to shorter wave-length side with the decrease of the basicity of the rare earth elements. (3) The color change of iodine-basic acetate with the lapse of time was studied photometrically. (4) It was confirmed that the sorption isotherm holds good in the cases of the basic acetates of lanthanum, praseodymium and neodymium. (5) The effect of other ions on the color reaction was discussed.


The width of a well partial ordering (wpo) is the ordinal rank of the set of its antichains ordered by inclusion. We compute the width of wpos obtained as cartesian products of finitely many well-orderings.


The origin and potential implications of a molecular phase in coherent two-pathway excitation are analyzed by means of a time-independent, quantum mechanical theory. A unified model is developed describing unimolecular decay into several continua of general nature, where each breakup reaction takes place both directly and via a manifold of resonances. It is found that the molecular phase, observable in two pathway excitation experiments, correlates with the single-pathway fragmentation line shape, in agreement with recent measurements. We propose the measurement of molecular phases as a route to molecular properties which are silent in conventional observables.


Aim
Determining which species are more prone to extinction is vital for conserving Earth's biodiversity and for providing insight into macroevolutionary processes. This paper utilizes the Pliocene to Recent fossil record of mollusks to identify determinants of species' extinction over the past three million years of Earth history.

Location
Western Atlantic.

Methods
We focus on 92 bivalve and gastropod species that lived during the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP; ∼3.264–3.025 Ma) and have either since gone extinct or are still extant. We used ecological niche modeling (ENM) to assess the vulnerability of these species to extinction as a function of both fundamental (FN) and realized (RN) niche breadth proxies, geographic range size, and amount of suitable area available to them during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼21 Ka).

Results
Geographic range size emerged as a key predictor of extinction for the studied mollusk species, with RN breadth and amount of suitable area available during the LGM as secondary predictors. By contrast, FN breadth was not a significant predictor of extinction risk.

Main conclusions
The failure to recover FN breadth as a predictor of extinction may suggest that extinction resistance is achieved when species are more successful in filling the geographic extent of their fundamental tolerances. That is, when it comes to species' survival, being a generalist or specialist sensu stricto may be secondary to the unique historical, dispersal, and biotic constraints that dictate a species' occupation of suitable environments, and consequently of geographic space, at a particular time. Identifying the factors that promote extinction is important because of the time-intensive nature of estimating extinction risk for individual species and populations, and because of the rising concerns about the future of marine ecosystems and biodiversity.


The article presents the late authorship of Miron Bialoszewski, especially his poems collected in the book Odczepic sie (1978) and a diary Chamowo (2009) that are a document of the poet's life in the block of flats after his removal to the flat in a tower block at the Lizbonska Street in Warsaw in 1975. In these texts we may notice the new way of writing that was formed by new accommodation and living arrangement that influenced the poets' life. On the other hand the room on the ninth floor occurs the place that was marked with sacrum and it puts an impact on the poets' metaphysical and supernatural experience. The flat in the tower block has also influenced the author's perspective and the way of writing, so that Bialoszewski has experienced terminal situation – being between the two forms of living, balancing between the earth and heaven, profanum and sacrum . The removal starts to resemble a ferry across Styx, and the ninth floor becomes an unwanted porch of eternity. The titled word odczepianie sie (disconnecting, separating) from the past and being at the top of the tower block means the new beginning for the poet, and writing becomes an imitation of the God's act of creation that helps Bialoszewski to accommodate in the world after heart attack and removal.


In Florida the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is univoltine with its main activity restricted to the months February through May. The larval parasite, Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), was discovered for the first time in Florida at Gainesville in June 1978. Parasitism of host larvae was 36% for the period 28 February to 7 June 1979, and 73% for the same period of 1980. The weevil population in 1980 was 19% of that present in 1979 and has continued at a low level through 1984. The parasite B. anurus (Thomson) apparently failed to become established at the release site at Gainesville.


Abstract Road defects like potholes have a major impact on road safety and comfort. Detecting these defects manually is a highly time consuming and expensive task. Previous approaches to detect road events automatically using acceleration sensors and gyro meters showed good results. However, these results could be significantly improved with additional usage of image analysis. A large, labeled image data set is required for training and validation. This paper presents a method to automate parts of the labeling task. The method is based on a simple two step approach: at first, an unsupervised algorithm detects possible events based on the acceleration data and filters those video sequences with defects. Second, a human operator decides based on the short video sequences if the event was due to an existing road defect and labels the corresponding area in an image.


Many operations in workflow systems are dependent on database tables. The classical workflow net and its extensions (e.g., worflow net with data) cannot model these operations so that some related errors cannot be found by them. Recently, workflow nets with tables (WFT-nets) were proposed to remedy such a flaw. However, when the reachability graph of a WFT-net is constructed by their method, some pseudo states are possibly generated since it does not consider the guards that constrain the enabling and firing of transitions. Additionally, they only considered the soundness property that just represents a single design requirement, so that many other requirements, especially those related to tables, cannot be analyzed. In this paper, therefore, we re-define the WFT-net by augmenting constraints of guards to it and re-name it as workflow net with tables and constraints (WFTC-net). We propose a new method to generate the state reachability graphs (SRG) of WFTC-nets such that SRG can avoid pseudo states, due to the consideration of the guards in it. To represent design requirements related to database operations, we define database-oriented computation tree logic (DCTL), to represent more design requirements. We design the model checking algorithms of DCTL based on the SRG of WFTC-nets and develop a tool. Experiments on a number of public benchmarks show the usefulness of our methods.


Continued development work at University College, Dublin, on the variable compression ratio, two-stroke diesel engine, discussed in earlier communications to the Institution, has demonstrated the ability of this unique design to combine long service life with high specific output. The present paper summarizes the current status of the programme after four years' work.The basic design philosophy adopts a two-stroke cycle and exhaust gas turbocharging to obtain high specific output, and an automatic variable compression ratio mechanism to ensure long service life by controlling piston loads.The paper gives details of the variable compression ratio mechanism including the specification of the various components of which it is comprised. Test results show the response rate of the mechanism relative to changes in engine operation. Results are also given for the engine as operated with various air supply blowers to give characteristics suitable for specific user applications.


recently, there are many research interests in providing efficient and scalable Video-on-Demand (VoD) service over Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network. In P2P VoD system, an overlay is established among users who are interested in the same clip of a video, and users pull the video content from the server and neighboring peers. However, stringent quality-of-service (QoS) requirements for VoD service, as well as dynamically changing and heterogeneous network capacity in today's best effort Internet, bring many challenges. In this paper, we introduce a novel content scheduling algorithm for topology-aware overlay in which users self-organize into groups. Within the same group, users usually have similar network conditions and can easily collaborate with each other to improve availability of VoD service; furthermore we proposed an intergroup content schedule strategy to improve efficiency of video content delivery between groups. Our simulation results show that the latency in our proposed architecture is less than that of the randomly P2P overlay VoD system, and has the capability to accommodate users' view quality effectively during VoD service.


The antibacterial mechanism of modified PP nonwoven cloth containing pyridi_ nium groups was studied in this paper. The adhesion thermodynamic process of E. coli on the surface of modified PP nonwoven cloth had been investigated. The result showed that when there was no pyridinium groups in the surface of PP nonwoven cloth, the more negative the change of free energy in the adhesion process was, the more advantageous the adhesion to bacterial cells was. It was also found that the antibacterial activity of modified PP nonwoven cloth mainly resulted from the electrostatic interaction between pyridinium group on it and E. coli. The result of activity detection showed that the modified PP nonwoven cloth could capture bacterial cells alive.


The bound state in the continuum (BIC) is a singular point of polarization in the momentum space of a periodic structure. It has been demonstrated that vortex beams can be generated by utilizing the polarization vortex around BIC based on the geometric phase in momentum space. In this letter, we propose a reflective photonic crystal (PhC) to generate a vortex beam and demonstrate the superimposition of topological charges in the momentum space between PhC and the vortex beams. In addition to BICs, we demonstrate that other singularities like degenerate points can also be used to generate vortex beams.


This paper is concerned with the 'real self of al-Mutanabbi, a great poet of the Abbasid period. An effort has been made to discover the deeper aspects of al-Mutanabbi's personality, which constitutes an important aspect of his artistic expression. The study undertaken here - a humanistic psychological approach in Arabic poetry - will deal with some general ideas about humanistic psychology and al-Mutanabbi's poetry. Maslovian theory will be employed to consider al-Mutanabbi as a self-actualising person. This attempt is made to see how humanistic psychology can open the door to a new world in the study of Arabic Poetry and help us to understand the greatness and insight of the works of al-Mutanabbi. It restores the poet to us as a complex and fascinating human being whose problems, though unique, are comprehensible upon his real rather than his imaginary achievement.


Mandibular condyles constitute a major part of the temporomandibular joint. Bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) is a rare morphological variant of the condyle that is asymptomatic in most cases and can be diagnosed incidentally on a orthopantomogram during routine radiographic examination. But orthopantomography is a 2-dimensional imaging modality with various structures superimposed over the temporomandibular region causing practical difficulty in the diagnosis of BMC. The exact morphological architecture of the condyles can be more accurately visualized in advanced imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBMT), helping in the diagnosis of the bifid condyles. The radiological appearance of BMC varies depending on direction and depth of the separating groove. The typical radiographic presentation in most cases is a complete or incomplete split of the condylar heads, separated by a groove. This paper presents a case of a unilateral BMC on the right side which was diagnosed CBMT.


The aim of our paper is to find out what drives student entrepreneurs in Visegrad (V4) countries (i.e. the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) in their business activities. Our analysis is built on 2016 data from GUESSS project - an extensive academic study on student entrepreneurship, and our main sample comprises of 15,971 V4 university students. Potential drivers from individual human and social capital characteristics, perceived institutional support, and demographic attributes are examined, using the logistic regression method. Applying a unique perspective and distinguishing between different types of student entrepreneurs, we focus especially on promisingly sustainable student entrepreneurs with already active businesses, who plan to continue them after completing their studies. According to our results, gender (being a male), increasing age together with dropping number of years to finish studies, intensity of entrepreneurship education, studying in a business-related field, and having entrepreneurial parents significantly drive student entrepreneurship inclinations during their university studies.


Abstract We establish the second main theorem with the best truncation level one for the k-jet lift Jk (ƒ) : → Jk (A) of an algebraically non-degenerate entire holomorphic curve ƒ : → A into a semi-abelian variety A and an arbitrary algebraic reduced subvariety Z of Jk (A); the low truncation level is important for applications. Finally we give some applications, including the solution of a problem posed by Mark Green (1974). 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 32H30.


Current research efforts involve using a supercomputing-visualization facility for climate and weather simulations and data visualization applications. The Numerical Models of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the Community Climate Model version 2 (CCM2) and the Mesoscale Model version 5 (MM5), are currently running on the VPX240 and VPP500 supercomputers and are generating climate and weather data. Workstations and microcomputers connected to the supercomputers have been used to visualize the data. AVS macro-module networks and AVS/Express projects were developed on a SGI workstation to study climatological and meteorological parameters. The specific visualization topics worked on are: comparisons of AVS and AVS/Express visualization systems; comparisons of iso- surface and iso-volume techniques; and a multivariate data visualization system using multi- windows and a composite of data fields. A weather simulation case has been studied by using the multivariate data visualization system and visualization techniques. The results show that common weather features such as fronts, mesoscale high pressure systems, and clouds can be identified easily. Data dissemination and visualization using internet browsers have been successfully conducted across the Pacific Ocean.


This chapter examines corporate law and governance from a behavioral perspective. It begins with an overview of the growing body of behavioral knowledge and its impact on the core assumptions of the agency theory. It then goes on to consider a number of specific areas of corporate law and governance where behavioral perspectives are particularly relevant, with particular emphasis on rule making. The chapter also explores how the board of directors performs, along with modern executive compensation systems, often in the form of performance-based pay. Finally, the chapter turns to the interaction between executives, non-executives, and (institutional) investors in corporate governance.


734 Background: Cabozantinib (C) is an effective treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients (pts). The international mRCC database consortium (IMDC) criteria is the gold standard for mRCC risk stratification. We created a risk scoring system for mRCC pts treated with C. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 87 mRCC pts treated with C at Winship Cancer Institute from 2015-19. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were defined as months from C initiation. The baseline characteristics and inflammation biomarkers included were monocyte, neutrophil, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios (MLR, NLR, and PLR respectively), RCC histology, body mass index (BMI), metastatic sites (mets), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS). Upon variable selection in multivariable analysis (MVA), elevated baseline MLR (≥0.71), presence of sarcomatoid histology, ECOG PS > 1, and absence of bone metastases were assigned 1 point. A three-level risk scoring system was created: low (score = 0-1), intermediate (score = 2), and high risk (score = 3-4). The Kaplan-Meier method, Cox proportional hazard model, and Uno's C-statistics were used to examine performance. Results: The majority of pts were males (71%) with clear-cell RCC (75%). Most pts (67%) received 1+ prior line of therapy. High and intermediate risk pts had significantly shorter OS and PFS compared to low risk pts (Table). The C-statistics for our risk scoring system were higher than IMDC in predicting OS (0.7 vs. 0.62) and PFS (0.65 vs 0.57). Conclusions: Pts treated with C may benefit from risk scoring using RCC histology, ECOG PS, mets, and MLR. These results are hypothesis-generating and should be validated in a larger study.[Table: see text]


Improving the survivability of mobile agents in the presence of agent server failures with unreliable underlying networks is a challenging issue. In this paper, we address a fault tolerance approach of deploying cooperating agents to detect agent failures as well as to recover services in mobile agent systems. Three types of agents are involved, which are the actual agent, the supervisor agent and the replicas. We introduce a failure detection and recovery protocol by employing a message-passing mechanism among these three kinds of agents. Different failure scenarios and their corresponding recovery procedures are discussed. We choose Fatomas approach as a basic method. Message complexity of this approach is O (m^2). Cooperative agents haven't been considered in this approach. We are going to improve this message complexity in a system of cooperative agents.


The Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) is the ubiquitous plasma membrane transporter which regulates the intracellular pH (pHi) and cell volume. The NHE1 is known to form homodimer, but the physiological role of dimerization is not well established. Two approaches were taken for addressing this question; to examine whether 1) co‐expression of transport‐deficient mutant NHE1 inhibits the exchange activity, and 2) intermolecular cross‐linking inhibits the activity through restricting the expected cooperative motion between NHE1 subunits. Forced expression of NHE1 mutant E262I which is catalytically inactive, but normal in plasma membrane expression, dramatically reduced the exchange activity of the endogenous NHE1 at near neutral pHi range and abolished growth factor activation, indicating that it exerted the dominant negative effect. On the other hand, by extensive search we found that intermolecular cysteine cross‐linking at Ser375 in the putative extracellular loop 5, greatly reduced the exchange activity in the physiological pHi range, while treatment with other monofunctional cysteine modifiers had no effect on function of the S375C mutant. These results suggest that cross‐linking inhibited the NHE1 activity by restricting a coupled motion between the two subunits during transport. Thus, we concluded that dimerization of NHE1 is crucial for the exchange activity at least in the physiological pHi range.


Objetive: To describe the classification of Mullerian malformations review of clinical features and behavior in pregnancy. Methodology: 3 cases of patients with pregnancies and Mullerian malformations who were treated for their prenatal controls until delivery in the San Ignacio Hospital (HSI) are presented. Electronic search was performed in PubMed/Medline to collect information in both English and Spanish language from 1988 onward. Review articles, case reports and research Mullerian malformations were chosen. Conclusions:  Mullerian anomalies may difficult or impede pregnancy, resulting in multiple obstetric pathologies that increases perinatal morbidity and mortality. The outcomes of our pregnant patients correspond with the global expected statistics.


During a survey on pin nematodes in western Iran, two populations of Paratylenchus audriellus and Paratylenchus tenuicaudatus were collected and subsequently analysed morphologically and molecularly. Paratylenchus audriellus is characterised by the long stylet (48-61 μm) and the typical female tail with a characteristic claw-like process with sharply pointed terminus. To our knowledge, the Iranian population of P. tenuicaudatus is the first record from Iran. The molecular characterisation of P. audriellus nematodes using the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA and the partial 18S rRNA gene sequences revealed that this species is clearly separated from P. straeleni and should be considered as a valid taxon.


Abstract Neuroscience, psychology, and education are disciplines with different philosophies and methods. Although an interdisciplinary approach is an opportunity to explore the educational implications of neuropsychological research, a good model for this dialogue does not exist yet. To promote the integration of these disciplines, which investigate human learning, the present work analyzes a hemispherectomy case study of a high-functioning young boy. Our goal is to present a neuropsychological vision about learning, the mind, and the influence of the context. This case is extremely rare, as not many individuals have been treated with this technique, and must be interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, the presented case study, and other similar cases that we will mention, afford a unique angle from which we can explore neuroscientific principles such as: the brain is highly plastic, the brain is changed by experience and learning, and human brains are as unique as faces. The goal is to promote the integration of neuroscience, psychology and education with a note of attention to misconceptions and myths in a science not completely known yet.


In this paper, we present the follow-me services framework that provides connected ubiquitous services. This follow-me services framework keeps the service session based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). The service session of the follow-me services framework is preserved even though an end-user moves from one computing environment to others. For getting the follow-me services, all that he has to do is to carry a small mobile pad, such as PDA or Cellular phone, which shows a list of devices that he can use as I/O devices of the on-going service session. He does not have to re-setup the session. When he clicks and selects the proper device among the devices listed on the pad, the session is immediately migrated to the selected device. In this paper, we describe the design of follow-me services framework based on SIP and X.10 that supports both the user mobility and service session preservation in the ubiquitous wired/wireless network environment.


Abstract This article, taking its title from T. J. Clark's The Sight of Death, forges connections between Clark's diaristic, close reading of visual artworks and Ali Smith's 2014 novel How to be both. Reading their shared interest in the possibilities of re-reading, close reading, or what Clark calls 'seeing and seeing again,' I draw on theories of reading, particularly those of Paul Ricoeur, to argue that Smith not only writes a version of Clark's repeated looking—she also produces the conditions within How to be both for her reader to draw out a series of observations which mimic and reward Clark's discourse of detail-orientated and 'ludicrous' close attention. Smith's novel, filled with a playful attention to the unit of the letter and the word, does not just pore over questions of artistic and critical practice but invites its own method of close reading too.


This paper reports different examples of Friedel-Crafts acylation of various substrates with dicarboxylic acid chlorides (phthalic, isophthalic, and malonyl synthons) in the presence of the AlCl3-DMF complex as catalyst. When we reacted 2(3 H)-benzothiazolone with phthalic anhydride in the presence of the AlCl3-DMF complex as catalyst, in addition to the product of 6-substitution, 4-(2-carboxybenzoyl) 2(3 H)-benzothiazolone was obtained as a contaminant. This is the first product ever obtained with a 4-substitution in the acylation of 2(3 H)-benzothiazolone.


The pathogenesis of liver fibrosis in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been studied in animal models and humans, with some researchers finding a direct correlation between the concentration of mast cells and the stage of fibrosis in NASH. This suggests that mast cells play a key role in the progression of fibrosis in NASH patients.


Rounding errors are introduced pervasively when using floating-point arithmetic to approximate real arithmetic. The accumulation or catastrophic cancellation of rounding errors in numerical programs may produce high inaccuracy results, which can cause serious software failures once being triggered. High inaccuracies are known hard to debug and fix manually for developers. Hence, the automated techniques are desired for solving the high inaccuracy problem. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for automated repair of high-inaccuracy bugs in numerical programs. The framework includes the phases of detecting high-inaccuracy bugs, localizing the buggy code, generating and validating the patches, and synthesizing the repaired program at last. Based on this framework, we develop a prototype tool for repairing high inaccuracies in numerical programs. Our preliminary experimental results are encouraging.


The present invention discloses a miniature multi-storey car park comprising a parking support frame and elevating carriage and the conveying mechanism and the strapdown parking chamber. Parking support frame includes a post and crossmember and cable-stayed rods, constitute a framework-like parking support frame posts and cross beams, the lowermost parking support frame is receipts layer. Strapdown parking chamber is provided outside the parking support frame, elevating carriage is provided inside the parking support frame can be equipped with a transport mechanism, the lift together with the conveying mechanism is used for mounting the vehicle and lateral movement between the formula carriage and strapdown parking chamber, in conjunction with the transport mechanism through the elevating carriage can vertical transport between the receipts layer and strapdown parking compartment of the vehicle. Elevating carriage can realize vertical lift through one of the wire rope, chain or a ball screw mechanism. Transport mechanism, the pallet, and one of the comb teeth exchange mechanisms or tire holding mechanism. A beneficial effect, even compared to conventional small-storey car park, small footprint, less entry and leaving operation of the vehicle, in a convenient and fast, the higher safety.


Abstract Chukrasia tabularis is an economically important tree and widely cultured in the southeast of China. Its barks, leaves, and fruits are consumed as a traditional medicine and perceived as a valuable source for bioactive limonin compounds. The extracts from root barks of C. tabularis showed significant anti‐inflammatory effect. The aim of this research was to explore the material basis of C. tabularis anti‐inflammatory activity, and to purify and identify anti‐inflammatory active ingredients. By a bioassay‐guided isolation of dichloromethane fraction obtained two novel phragmalin limonins, Chukrasitin D and E (1 and 2), together with 12 known limonins (3–14). The chemical structure of these compounds is determined on the basis of extensive spectral analysis and chemical reactivity. In addition, the activities of these isolated limonins on the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were evaluated. Limonins 1 and 2 indicated significant anti‐inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 6.24 and 6.13 μM. Compound 1 notably inhibited the production of NF‐κB, TNF‐α and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) in macrophages. The present results suggest that the root barks of C. tabularis exhibited anti‐inflammatory effect and the limonins may be responsible for this activity.


Emergency physicians have traditionally relied heavily on diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of patients with head or neck trauma. This conservative approach is intended to reduce the risk of mis...


The advancements in power electronics technology has made the usage of wind energy conversion technology (WECT) dominant in electrical power generation compare to other technologies. In this paper, modeling, and analysis is made for latest power electronic converter topologies and Induction generator topologies (IG) used in WECT. The mathematical models are built in MATLAB environment. The dominantly used IG i.e., self excited induction generator (SEIG) and Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), Wind modeling, Turbine Modeling, Gear shaft modeling are discussed in detail. This paper concludes by evolving new methods for stabilization of wind farms with new power converter topologies from the obtained results.


HIS PAPER is an attempt to summarize and classify the data on the year and its subdivisions into seasons and months as conceived in former days by the southern Puget Sound Salish. In addition to my own findings in the field, I have included also the data thereon available from other sources. The material available in the field is scanty and sometimes contradictory and confusing. Little has yet been written on this topic, so the publication of this paper may now be worth while and helpful in stimulating further research. In the lists of terms obtained from informants in the field there is a divergence in the textual representation of identical terms. This is due in part to individual and dialectical differences of enunciation and in part to the difficulty of an amateur in mastering the phonetic nuances encountered, as well as to changing practice in the use of phonetic symbols.1 These notes were taken over a stretch of years and were usually incidental to research in other fields. Of the ten informants quoted, only three are now living. THE YEAR AND ITS SEASONS


ABSTRACT The article explains the impact of working and living abroad on informal human capital of two generations of Poles: the 'Generation of Change' who was born in 1970s and the beginning of 1980s and the 'Generation of Migration' who was born in mid-1980s and at the beginning of 1990s. Our contribution to this Special Issue brings the umbrella concept of human capacities with the interplay of its individual (cognitive and intrapersonal) and social (interpersonal) domains. We use data from quantitative (migrants = 4040; non-migrants = 67,174) and qualitative studies (n IDI = 160). In the qualitative data, we found out that international migration has the strongest impact on human capacities of the 'Generation of Change', mostly born 1968–1972. In general, the effects of migration on informal human capital connected to employment persisted in birth cohorts born till the symbolic 1989. We also established that the younger cohorts were, the more the work abroad impacted on their individual, rather than social domains of human capacities. Especially for young Polish migrants, working abroad went far beyond the impact on formal qualifications and competences connected to work and employability only. It related to human capacities connected to life skills of self-making, being, communicating, relating to people and understanding society.


We read with interest the recent editorial by Sobel (1), wherein it is asserted that "intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes appears to increase central obesity." We agree with Sobel that "the insulin resistance underlying type 2 diabetes and frequently manifested in those with type 1 diabetes may be the most powerful determinant of coronary disease" (1), but argue that insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes is unrelated to increased central abdominal adiposity.

Attention should be directed to our recent …


The present invention is one absorbing low-temperature refrigerator. In the low-temperature refrigerator, the generation unit has refrigerant steam outlet connected via condensator to the refrigerantinlet of the self-actuating superposition unit, and the solution outlet connected via dilute solution channel of solution heat exchange to the solution inlet of the absorption unit; the self-actuating superposition unit has liquid refrigerant outlet connected via high pressure channel of the heat regenerator, the first decompressor, evaporator and low pressure channel of the heat regenerator to the first refrigerant inlet of the absorption unit, and the gaseous refrigerant outlet connected to the second refrigerant inlet of the absorption unit.


(57) Abstract: C In this method, the H In the presence of a reduced nickel catalyst (22), mercaptans and H Thus formed sulfide has a boiling point higher than the part of the feed. Thus, a portion of the feed is fractionated to rise upward hydrogenation catalyst bed containing palladium (24), where diolefins and acetylenes are hydrogenated. Sulfides high boiling point are removed as bottoms (110) along with the heavy material. Diolefins and acetylenes which has not been converted to sulfide, selectively hydrogenated to mono-olefins in the presence of a palladium oxide catalyst in the upper bed (24), sulfur compounds, including diolefins, and acetylenes substantially no overhead (116) is obtained.


The production of both interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-{gamma}) was determined in lymphocyte preparations from spleens of copper-deficient ({minus}Cu) and copper adequate control (+Cu) mice. Swiss albino mice were fed a diet low in copper. The +Cu mice drank water with copper added, while {minus}Cu mice drank deionized water. Compared to +Cu controls, {minus}Cu mice had lower hematocrits, reduced levels of liver Cu, low plasma ceruloplasmin activity, and higher levels of liver iron. Production of IL-2 was assessed by the response of an IL-2-dependent cell line (CTLL) to serial dilutions of Con A-stimulated splenic lymphocyte culture supernatants. IFN-{gamma} levels were determined in these same supernatants by an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Analysis indicated that IL-2 production by splenic lymphocytes from {minus}Cu mice was only 62% of the mean +Cu value. IFN-{gamma} levels of {minus}Cu and +Cu splenic lymphocytes, on the other hand, were equivalent. These data indicate differential effects of copper deficiency on two distinct lymphokines elaborated by the same murine T-help subpopulation, T{sub H}1.


Maize (Zea mays L.) is a short duration high yielding cereal crop and has key importance in assuring the world food security (Saeed et al., 2000). Being a C4 plant, it has good photosynthetic ability and is known as the "Queen of Cereals" owing to its highest productivity. Maize is an important crop globally, it is the third most important cereal after wheat and rice in terms of area and production. It has got many industrial applications and is being used for extraction of starch, maltose syrup, glucose, oil etc. besides being used as human food and animal feed. The global statistics indicate the productivity of maize to be 5500 kg/ha, whereas India"s productivity is 2510 kg/ha. In India, maize production is dominated by Karnataka, producing 15 per cent of India"s maize while Tamil Nadu has the highest productivity of 6549 kg/ha. In Karnataka, maize occupies an area of 1.17 mha, with the production of 3.26 mt and average productivity is 2773 kg/ha (Anon., 2016).


In this study, we have proposed a novel perspective for grid scheduling which aims at decreasing the makespan of the submitted jobs and increasing the utilization of resources involved. Grid scheduling is mapping jobs to grid resources at specific time intervals. Efficient scheduling is crucial to achieve excellent performance through grid computation. Meta-heuristics techniques are used, as grid scheduling is an NP-complete problem. Literature proposes genetic algorithm based heuristics and swarm based optimizations for grid scheduling. This study aims at using meta-heuristics techniques for the scheduling problem to reduce the Make span of task submitted to grid. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is selected for optimizing the scheduling due to its simplicity, flexibility and robustness. We have proposed Cluster Heterogeneous Min-Min Artificial Bee Colony (CHMM-ABC) and also a Hybrid ABC algorithm with reactive tabu search for efficient grid scheduling. Also the relationships between initial population and ABCs final outcome have been investigated in this study. Simulation confirms the efficiency of the suggested new approach. The proposed method reaches low makespan in the first run as initial swarm is created by the new CHEFT and Min-Min algorithm with RTS. Simulation reveals a make span decrease of 9.87 % to 13.32 % achieved by the new RTSABC compared to classic ABC.


In this paper we propose an ontology based representation of theaffective states for context aware applications that allowsexpressing the complex relations that are among the affectivestates and between these and the other context elements. Thisrepresentation is open to map different affective spaces; basic andsecondary states relation (using Fuzzy Logic), the relation betweenthese states and other context elements as location, time, person,activity etc. The proposed affective context model is encoded inOWL. Due to difficulties in direct detection of the secondaryaffective states we propose a method to infer the characteristicvalues of these states from other context elements values. Thededuces states are used here to improve the behavior of a ContextAware Museum Guide in order to react more intuitively and moreintelligent by taking into account the users affective states.


Objective In order to make the gene a valuable internal control gene,GAPDH of Eleutherococcus senticosus was cloned and analyzed in sequence.Methods Total RNA of E.senticosus was extracted using improved isothiocyanate method.Part sequence of GAPDH was colned by RT-PCR,and the sequence was acted as internal control gene for semiquantitative PCR.Results Length 627 bp of E.senticosus GAPDH was cloned,speculating coding 209 amino acids.To compare the amino acid sequence of E.senticosus GAPDH with those of Panax notoginseng,P.ginseng,and Arabidopsis thaliana,the amino acid homology was 97%,93%,and 93%,respectively,and the nucleotide homology was 94%,86%,and 84%,respectively.When the sequence acted as internal control gene,the semiquantative PCR has benign amplification effect and good reproducibility.Conclusion The cDNA clone of E.senticosus GAPDH is first reported,the results prove that the sequence is able to be internal control gene for analysis on gene expression.This study could make a foundation for the key enzyme expression and regulate mechanism analysis in eleutheroside biosynthesis pathway.


The Japanese apricot, a commonly consumed food called 'Ume' in Japan, has been used for a traditional Japanese medicine for centuries. MK615, an extract of compounds from 'Ume', has strong antitumorigenic and antiinflammatory effects including the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of cytokine production mediated via the inhibition of MAPKs signaling including ERK‐1/2, JNK and p38MAPK. The inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id‐1), a basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor family, is essential for DNA binding and the transcriptional regulation of various proteins that play important roles in the development, progression and invasion of tumors. In melanoma, Id‐1 is constitutively expressed in the late and early stages, suggesting it as a therapeutic target in patients with melanoma. This study reports that MK615 profoundly reduced both the mRNA‐ and protein expression levels of Id‐1 and inhibited cell growth in A375 melanoma cells. MK615 markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which is associated with Id‐1 protein expression in A375 cells. Id‐1‐specific RNAi induced the death of A375 cells. Moreover, the expression of Bcl‐2 was decreased by both MK615 and Id‐1‐specific RNAi in A375 cells. The results suggest that MK615 is a potential therapeutic agent for treating malignant melanoma. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The results of testing the hypotheses put forward in the work suggest that, firstly, foreign measures are poorly applicable to eliminate sabotage by Russian officials and there is a need to develop individual measures to combat sabotage in the Russian civil service. Secondly, purposeful work on a systematic fight against sabotage of civil servants is not yet being carried out. The extremely poor knowledge of the identified problem set tasks aimed at expanding the objects of research, drawing conclusions about the current state of sabotage in the domestic civil service. The main results were obtained by analyzing the literature and researching surveys of civil servants at the federal and regional levels, conducted by other scientists. At the same time, the emphasis is on studying the opinions of experts, former and current officials, and on their basis, conclusions are drawn about the current state of sabotage in the Russian civil service. As a result, new and refined measures are proposed to combat sabotage of Russian civil servants (organize courts of honor; eliminate overtime unpaid work of civil servants; adjust the regulations for the work of officials; provide non-material benefits to civil servants that reduce the value of rest for them; introduce classical schemes for combating shirking in the civil service, borrowing them from commercial structures; to reduce staff turnover; to increase the attractiveness of the civil service; to establish standards for anti-sabotage behavior). It seems that the questions raised in this article will allow future researchers to better understand the directions of potential research in the field of sabotage of officials, to compose representative questionnaires and identify the right questions for in-depth interviews of civil servants in this area, to develop other measures to improve the management of civil service in the Russian Federation.


The perifornical (PeF) area in the posterior lateral hypothalamus has been implicated in several physiological functions including the regulation of sleep–wakefulness. Some PeF neurons, which contain hypocretin, have been suggested to play an important role in sleep–wake regulation. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the PeF area and hypocretin on the electrophysiological activity of neurons of the oral pontine reticular nucleus (PnO), which is an important structure in the generation and maintenance of rapid eye movement sleep. PnO neurons were recorded in urethane‐anesthetized rats. Extracellular recordings were performed by means of tungsten microelectrodes or barrel micropipettes. Electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral PeF area elicited orthodromic responses in both type I (49%) and type II (58%) electrophysiologically characterized PnO neurons, with a mean latency of 13.0 ± 2 and 8.3 ± 5 ms, respectively. In six cases, antidromic spikes were evoked in type I PnO neurons with a mean latency of 3.2 ± 0.4 ms, indicating the existence of PnO neurons that projected to the PeF area. Anatomical studies showed retrogradely labeled neurons in the PeF area from the PnO. Some of these neurons projecting to the PnO contained hypocretin (17.8%). Iontophoretic application of hypocretin‐1 through a barrel micropipette in the PnO induced an inhibition, which was blocked by a previous iontophoretic application of bicuculline, indicating that the inhibitory action of hypocretin‐1 may be due to activation of GABAA receptors. These data suggest that the PeF area may control the generation of rapid eye movement sleep through a hypocretinergic projection by inhibiting the activity of PnO neurons.


This work starts an in situ processing capability to study a certain diffusion process in magnetic confinement fusion. This diffusion process involves plasma particles that are likely to escape confinement. Such particles carry a significant amount of energy from the burning plasma inside the tokamak to the diverter and damaging the diverter plate. This study requires in situ processing because of the fast changing nature of the particle diffusion process. However, the in situ processing approach is challenging because the amount of data to be retained for the diffusion calculations increases over time, unlike in other in situ processing cases where the amount of data to be processed is constant over time. Here we report our preliminary efforts to control the memory usage while ensuring the necessary analysis tasks are completed in a timely manner. Compared with an earlier naive attempt to directly computing the same diffusion displacements in the simulation code, this in situ version reduces the memory usage from particle information by nearly 60% and computation time by about 20%.


The aim of the present study was to prepare and evaluate microporous pellets loaded with Dronedarone using blend of Avicel PH 101 (Microcrystaline cellulose) and Sodium chloride (NaCl) by Extrusion/Spheronisation technique for controlled release. Solid, porous, discrete, reproducible pellets were obtained. Sieve analysis data indicated that the size of prepared pellets were in the range of 1125 to 1265μm. The yield of pellets was upto 89%. The prepared formulations were subjected to micromeritic properties, SEM, DSC, FTIR and Stability studies. Prepared pellets were spherical in shape, have dent surfaces with pores on the surface, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pellets were free flowing with good packing properties. Compatibility of the drug after encapsulationin the pellets were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by FTIR. The prepared pellets were analyzed quantitatively for the amount of encapsulated drug. Studies such as drug loading and in vitrodrug release indicated F3 as optimized formulation. Formulation F3 shows 92.48% drug release upto 24 hours. It was also observed that, there was no significant release of drug in gastric pH. The release kinetics for all the formulations indicates that drug release followed nonFickian diffusion. The stability studies performed on F3 showed no significant difference in drug content and drug release. It was concluded that the drug release performance was greatly affected by the polymer and pore forming agent used in preparation of pellets.


In the previous paper, plain bending fatigue tests were carried out on tin-base white metal lining on steel plate in lubricating oil and the fatigue strength of the metal was discussed in terms of the crack propagation rate. In the present paper, the fatigue tests are made on lead-base white metal and copper-lead bearing alloy to find the effects of lining thickness, operating temperature and activity of lubricating oil on their fatigue strengths. Lining metals are different in fatigue strength from the bulk metal and the bending fatigue strength of lining metals shows the same tendency as the endurance under bearing tests which is, however, variable with test procedures. The fatigue strength of metals increases as the lining thickness decreases. The larger the ratio of the elastic modulus of backing metal to that of lining metal, the greater is the effect of lining thickness on the fatigue strength. The fatigue strength of lead-base white metal is more affected by temperature than that of tin-base white metal. The fatigue strength of the metal is decreased by the chemical adsorption of lubricants at the tip of fatigue crack. On lead-base white metal and copper-lead alloy, the fatigue strength also decreases due to the surface pre-corrosion by free fatty acid in oil.


The bending deformation of clothes acting on a lateral load and compressive load were discussed by means of "The simulation used with an area moment method" which were suggested in the previous paper. The authors proposed a new simulation method to calculate the deflection curve of the beam with simply supported ends to which lateral load and compressive load were added. By this method, it was proved that the deflection curve of the beam could be calculated with high accuracy. Especially, it was proved that the deflection values could be calculated when the compressive axial load larger than critical load of buckling was added to the beam.


Adopting the industrial control configuration to create the electrical control schema and obstacles, and stimulating the dynamic demonstration of teaching plans can not only present the control principle directly, but also set obstacles with the help of the programming function of the industrial control configuration, which will help students to understand the principle of the control circuit quickly, and acquire the capacity of analyzing and removing the obstacles.


N periodic multiresolution analysis with band M was introduced.By means of Fourier transformation and inner-product,N periodic orthogonal multiresolution analysis with band M was studied.Expression of its scaling function space in frequency domain is obtained,the coefficients relationship of lowpass filter and highpass filter is investigated,and the elementary property of its mask is worked out.The results show that filter and mask of periodic wavelet is a series of coefficients.


This short letter is in response to the article published in your publication about single-incision laparoscopic bariatric surgery, by Chih-Kun Huang. We want to focus on the technical aspects.


The present essay focuses on the contract of carriage of goods by sea, as part of the notion of the charter party, and the legal framework governing it, through the relevant applicable international treaties.
More specifically, the study is based on two main pillars. Initially, it is attempted to exam the contract of carriage of goods by sea itself, by starting from the charter party, in which the contract is included, and by defining all relevant notions. Moreover, for the reader's better understanding, the stages before the signature of the contract are also examined. Furthermore, it is attempted to approach the wider macro-environment, within which the contract of carriage of goods by sea works, through an overview of the concepts of freight market and freight, and the factors that affect them.
The following chapter analyzes the legal framework governing the contract of carriage of goods by sea, and more specifically, the Hague rules (1924), the update protocol of Visby (1968), the Hamburg rules (1978) and the Rotterdam rules (2009) are examined, while they are also approached in a comparative way.
To summarize, the reader has the chance, in this way, to explore the contract of carriage of goods by sea itself, from many different perspectives, and to focus on the legal framework, further exploring the current legal rules, their provisions and goals, together with the market's approach to them.


of the South African national economy. A major factor threatening the sustainability of this industry is mining accidents, which frequently result in injuries or deaths, destruction of property, and pollution of the environment. In the past, mining accidents have led to the shutdown and threat of shutdown of mines (Ryan, 2008; Mail and Guardian, 2011). The country stands the risk of incurring significant losses if the mining industry continues to experience shutdowns. In 2012, the mining sector accounted for R262.7 billion (equivalent to US$32.83 billion) representing 8.3% of GDP directly, on a nominal basis (Chamber of Mines of South Africa, 2013). Mining safety is a global concern and has attracted significant international attention. This has precipitated various studies into different aspects of mining. Unfortunately, human error has been blamed for the majority of these accidents. A study by the US Bureau of Mines found that human error is the cause of almost 85% of all accidents (Patterson and Shappell, 2008). In Australia, it is the cause of two out of every three occupational accidents (Patterson and Shappell, 2008). Various mining companies maintain that they run efficient systems, and hence the behavioural problems of workers are to blame for most accidents. An understanding of accident causality could be a major step in the quest to reduce accidents. Only with a good understanding of the accident process can effective remedies can be designed. The Swiss Cheese model (Reason, 1990) has indisputable value in analysing industrial accidents. The model is based on the fundamental components of all successful production systems, viz. decision-makers, line management, preconditions for effective work, production activities, and safeguards against known hazards. Effective and safe production can be achieved only when the right decisions are taken at each level of the production system. The process leading to an accident starts when inappropriate decisions taken at the management level are propagated through the various components of the production system. These decisions create 'holes' in the barriers put in place to prevent accidents. In this model, an accident is seen as a combination of unsafe acts by front-line operators and latent conditions in the organization (systemic factors). Techniques based on this model have been applied to the aviation (Li and Harris, 2006; Li et al., 2008) and railway industries (Baysari et al., 2008), and more recently to the mining industry (Patterson and Shappell, 2010; Sanmiquel et al., 2010; Lenné et al., 2011). A systemic study of mining accident causality: an analysis of 91 mining accidents from a platinum mine in South Africa by J. Bonsu*, W. van Dyk†, J-P. Franzidis*, F. Petersen‡, and A. Isafiade*


Idiopathic pulmonary "brosis (IPF) is the most frequent idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with a prevalence ranging from 5 to 15 per 100,000 persons, and above 175 per 100,000 in the older population. IPF is a relentlessly progressive "brotic lung disorder leading to death within a median duration of 3 years. It was hypothesized in the 1970s that pulmonary "brosis initiates as an "alveolitis" progressing to interstitial "brosis with connective tissue deposition, derangement of the lung architecture and functional impairment. However, in vitro studies indicated that alveolar/bronchiolar injured epithelial cells can drive the "brotic process in the absence of macrophages and with minimal in"ammation. This, together with the inability of classic immunosuppressive therapy to cure IPF, generated new pathogenesis paradigms and intense research into the role of the lack or the excessive production of anti-"brotic or pro"brotic mediators, oxidant injury, exaggerated coagulation, thus leading to investigate new treatment strategies. Preliminary results of some of such trials have shown signi"cant reductions in lung function decline, disease exacerbation and mortality.


Two earthquakes of ML 3.9 occurred near the CCSD main hole on November 30 and December 25, 2001 respectively. The daily mean variation maps show that a pronounced anomalous phenomenon existed on the curves of fluid compositions in mud of the CCSD main hole before and after the earthquakes. Analysis of the maximum correlation coefficient of the fluid components indicates that all the fluid components are well correlated except Ar and CO2 which are poorly correlated (with a mean maximum correlation coefficient of 0.632 and a mean square deviation of 0.223). Distinct anomalous fluctuations of the maximum correlation coefficient took place both before and after the earthquakes. The daily mean values and anomalous maximum correlation coefficients suggest that the fluid anomalies appearing in the CCSD main hole might have a certain relation to seismic activities in the area.


The objective was to evaluate the influence of thermal exposure, both isothermal and cyclic, on the reaction kinetics, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of Ti-1100 alloy/SiC fiber composites. Previously, it was determined that composites made with TiB2 coated SiC fiber (sigma) reacted at the same rate as SCS-6 fibers. As a result, the thinner surface coating on the Sigma fiber was completely consumed at shorter times than that on the SCS-6. Thermal cycling experiments were conducted on longitudinal and transverse Ti-1100/SCS-6 composites over a temperature range of 150 to 800 C for 500 cycles. The thermal exposures were carried out in air and argon. No appreciable tensile strength degradation was observed for samples cycled in argon, although a strength loss was noted for the samples cycled in air. Fracture surfaces characterization showed brittle matrix failure in regions near the surface and in regions where there was a path for O2 ingress.


【Objective】 To investigate the occurrences of acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia after EPBD and identify predictive risk factors of acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia.【Methods】 Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 128 patients who underwent endoscopic papillary balloon dilation for common bile duct stones,postendoscopic papillary balloon dilation acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia were conducted.A multivariate analysis was made for 13 potential risk factors related to clinical and procedure characteristics.【Results】 Early complications in the form of pancreatitis occurred in 13 patients(10.2%).Multivariate analysis identified 3 independent risk factors for pancreatitis: history of acute pancreatitis(P =0.016),mechanical lithotripsy(P =0.007),40~60 y female(P =0.010).Postendoscopic papillary balloon dilation hyperamylasemia occurred in 22 patients(17.2%).Multivariate analysis identified difficult bile duct cannulation(P =0.000) as the only risk factor for postendoscopic papillary balloon dilation pancreatitis.【Conclusions】 Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation is associated with a relatively high occurrence of pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia.Particular care is necessary when endoscopic papillary balloon dilation is performed in 40~60 y female patients,those with a history of pancreatitis,mechanical lithotripsy,and when cannulation is difficult.Pancreatic duct drainage should be applied for these patients.


An integrated circuit for high speed testing which provides precision edge timing and control for three complete channels is described. It consists of nine timing verniers of 40 pS time-step, 80 pS accuracy and 2 nS full range, and all the logic required to configure the drive waveforms and the strobe of the returning signals. The system clock frequency into the IC is 500 MHz.


This study examines the evolution of language attitudes of linguistically diverse adolescents in urban Catalonia a generation after the instauration of Linguistic Normalization, official language policies favoring Catalan. Woolard (1984, 1989) and Woolard and Gahng's (1990) classic Catalan/Spanish matched guise studies are used as a baseline. Current data come from a modified and expanded replication of those original studies. Findings show: (1) differences in attitudes between youths of Spanish and Catalan background have softened; (2) disparities in Status and Solidarity have evened out; (3) language choice can be highly gendered; and (4) bilingual proficiency is now valued by and for both communities. The support for bilingualism and the easing of divisions are understood as signs of increased 'linguistic cosmopolitanism,' a stance that looks beyond parochial own-group communities and favors bridging linguistic boundaries. The significance is that minority languages can be valued when they take on such symbolic roles.


Reaction of manganese(II) with the electron-deficient ligand 3,6-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (pbptz) leads to distinct coordination networks whose topologies are influenced by the nature of the anions used. As anticipated, the linear ditopic ligand pbptz is involved in various types of supramolecular π interactions, i.e. π⋯π, lone pair⋯π and C–H⋯π interactions, which clearly play a role in the formation of the different solid-state architectures obtained, as shown by DFT calculations.


The "Newtonian" or non-relativistic decomposition of Einstein's gravitational field is useful in the post-Newtonian approximation. We obtain the full non-quadratic Einstein-Hilbert action in terms of these fields as well as the harmonic gauge fixing term and find fairly simple expressions. We discuss alternatives to the harmonic gauge.


Using standard statistical growth analysis, the author shows that Pakistan's growth is the result of: (a) rapid capital accumulation. Pakistan's investment rate was relatively low but its fixed investment rate grew steadily in the 1970s, stabilizing at about 17 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the mid-1980s; (b) growth of the labor force, which offset a tendency toward capital intensity of production; (c) more competition from external trade; and, (d) a policy of economic liberalization since 1978. Pakistan was able to sustain high growth and avoid a financial crisis - despite large deficits - because real interest rates on debts were substantially negative in the 1970s, so debt-to-GDP ratios continued to decline. But real interest rates turned positive in the 1980s. If Pakistan continues to have fiscal deficits of the same magnitude as in the past, a financial crisis will quickly emerge. Pakistan cannot avoid a debt crisis by creating money. Higher inflation will hurt resource allocation and income distribution. To guard against reduced growth, weakened export performance, and higher real interest rates, Pakistan should reduce its fiscal deficit to below 4.5-5 percent of GDP and phase out quasi-fiscal deficits. Pakistan needs more balanced use of fiscal, monetary and exchange rate policies. Putting the burden of external adjustment fully on the real exchange rate, as Pakistan tried to do in the past, is inconsistent with improvements in external balance. Real exchange rate depreciation imposes capital losses on the stock of external debt. The real exchange rate should be set at an appropriate level, and monetary and fiscal policies should be used to adjust demand. A substantial adjustment effort will be needed to increase domestic savings and investment rates. National savings should increase from 14 percent of GDP to 20-22 percent of GDP. Raising public revenues and reducing public investment should focus on areas (such as physical infrastructure and human development) that promote private investment, economic growth, and equity. To contain the fiscal cost of domestic borrowing, Pakistan has pursued a policy of financial repression, which has repressed the private credit and investment needed for long-term growth. Also needed is more rapid progress in human capital development, especially investments in women's health and education. To complete internationally in manufacturing requires more skilled production and a better educated workforce than Pakistan has had.


AbstractSea ice features a dense inner pack ice zone surrounded by a marginal ice zone (MIZ) in which the sea ice properties are modified by interaction with the ice-free open ocean. The width of the MIZ is a fundamental length scale for polar physical and biological dynamics. Several different criteria for establishing MIZ boundaries have emerged in the literature—wave penetration, floe size, sea ice concentration, etc.—and a variety of definitions for the width between the MIZ boundaries have been published. Here, three desirable mathematical properties for defining MIZ width are proposed: invariance with respect to translation and rotation on the sphere; uniqueness at every point in the MIZ; and generality, including nonconvex shapes. The previously published streamline definition is shown to satisfy all three properties, where width is defined as the arc length of a streamline through the solution to Laplaces's equation within the MIZ boundaries, while other published definitions each satisfy only one...


Pacific oyster is one of the leading species in world aquaculture, but heritability estimation applying mixed-family approach has not been actively pursued. In this study, heritability for growth-related traits in the Pacific oyster was first estimated by creating a single cohort of 45 families in a full-factorial mating design consisting of nine sires and five dams. A total of 270 offspring were analysed and parentage assignment inferred by six microsatellite markers achieved 100% success. All parents contributed to the spawn and a total of 42 full-sib families were represented. Using an animal model, heritability estimates at 12 months of age were 0.49 ± 0.25 for shell height, 0.36 ± 0.19 for shell length, 0.45 ± 0.23 for shell width and 0.35 ± 0.17 for wet weight. Genetic correlation between shell height and wet weight was quite high (0.79 ± 0.25), suggesting that direct selection of shell height, which is an easily measurable trait, also improves wet weight. The results obtained in this study indicate that growth-related traits could be improved by exploiting additive genetic effects through selective breeding.


Renovation of existing buildings, in order to reduce energy consumption, represents a big market in Europe. As the first efforts often concentrate in improving insulation and airtightness of the building envelope, important insufficiencies of ventilation can appear, generating health risks for the occupants and a degradation of the frame. Taking into account the difficulties to insert ductworks in existing buildings, it can be easier to use distributed ventilation systems for room-by-room ventilation instead of centralised systems. In addition, balanced mechanical ventilation systems with heat recovery minimize the energy loss due to air renewal. Single-room balanced mechanical ventilation units with heat recovery are used in European countries. They include a air-to-air heat exchanger, two fans and filters and they take place on a wall with air inlet and outlet through the building façade. However, the performance of such devices is not well known and questions remain about their ability to ensure good ventilation of the whole room. In the research project VENTIL'RENOV, supported by ADEME, two representative products from the market have been tested in laboratory as well as in an experimental full scale dwelling. Numerical modelling has also been performed. This paper summarises the results of this project, showing the impact of such ventilation systems on indoor air quality, energy consumption and noise. Realizable turbulence model 1,500,000 hexahedral and also is considered at 7°C, wall and ceiling temperatures are fixed at 20°C, and floor delivers 0.8 W/m (cid:1) . The two systems selected in the study have been modelled. The room does not communicate with other parts of the dwelling, air are balanced and fixed at 20 m 3 /h; the efficiency of heat recovery is fixed by using thermal tests results. The two systems are compared to a centralised exhaust ventilation system, which is represented by typical air inlets and by an imposed at under the