An apparent correlation exists between the specific resistivity of intrinsic point defects (i.e., vacancies and interstitials) and bulk resistivity at the melting temperature for cubic metals. A theory based on the rigid‐ion model and Lindemann's melting criterion is proposed to account for this correlation. The ratio of the defect resistivity to the melting‐temperature resistivity is related to the defect‐formation volume in an infinite crystal (i.e., without the image‐field correction).


Abstract IN THE estimation of the production performance of a group of birds, the commonest measure of type used is the arithmetic mean. This constant, of course, requires that all of the members of the population involved need be measured and it cannot be arrived at until all of the individuals involved complete their performance. Whenever complete measurement on all of the members of the group is not carried out, the determination of the mean presents difficulties. The measurement of the sexual maturity of a family of pullets often involves such complications. In some instances, breeders maintain only part of the family, disposing of the late maturing individuals. In other cases a small percentage of birds do not begin to lay till rather late in the year. In fact, occasionally, there are birds which do not come into production until their second year of life. When the estimate of the results . . .


Background: The proposal of the present study was to assess the cytokine imbalances such as serum levels of IL-2, IL-10 and TGF-1 in childhood chronic ITP during the thrombocytopenic and spontaneous remission phases. The findings of this study are anticipated to offer new insights into the pathogenesis of childhood chronic ITP and the prognostic factors involved in spontaneous remission. Methods: Ten children with chronic ITP, 6 thrombocytopenic and 4 recovered cases, were enrolled. Five healthy children and eight healthy adults were included in this study as controls. The serum levels of IL-2, IL-10 and TGF- 1 were measured by ELISA technique. Results: During this study, four patients achieved spontaneous remission. The serum level of IL-10 was higher in the patients that recovered spontaneously compared to the patients with persistent chronic thrombocytopenia. The serum level of IL-2 was not able to be detected as the levels were too low for analysis. TGF- 1 showed no significant differences among the groups in this study. Conclusion: These data suggest that increased serum level of IL-10 could have prognostic significance in the natural course and long-term outcome of childhood chronic ITP.


Human neutrophils respond to multiple chemical attractants to guide their migration from the vasculature to sites of infection and injury, where they clear pathogens and amplify inflammation. To properly focus their responses during this complex navigation, neutrophils distinguish between attractants to modulate their responses. They prioritize pathogen and injury derived signals over long-range inflammatory signals secreted by host cells. Different attractants can also drive qualitatively different modes of migration. As receptors recognizing both classes of attractant couple to Gαi G-proteins, it remains unclear how downstream signaling pathways distinguish and prioritize between the inputs. Here, we use live-cell imaging to demonstrate that the responses differ in their signaling dynamics: low priority attractants cause transient responses, while responses to high priority attractants are sustained. We observe this difference in both primary neutrophils and differentiated HL-60 cells, for signaling outputs of calcium, a major regulator of secretion, and Cdc42, a primary regulator of polarity and cell steering. We find that the rapid attenuation of Cdc42 activation in response to LTB4 depends on the threonine 308 and serine 310 phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal tail of its receptor LTB4R, in a manner independent of endocytosis. Mutation of these residues to alanine impairs attractant prioritization, although it does not affect attractant-dependent differences in migration persistence. Our results indicate that distinct temporal regulation of shared signaling pathways distinguishes receptors and contributes to chemoattractant prioritization.


Abstract The crystal structure of ammonium Rochelle salt in the paraelectric phase are studied by X-ray diffraction. Systematic structural changes are observed as a function of temperature. Hard links, which connect N ion, and oxygen O(8) with rigid tartrate, are extended in a plane parallel to the b-c plane. The oxygen of 0(8) moves against a frame composed of N ions and the direction of the displacement is along the a-axis. The oxygens of O(9) and 0(10) behave as a rigid body against the frame. These features are similar to these in the lower paraelectric phase of Rochelle salt.


Urban mobility is increasingly becoming accepted as a basic human need, as socio-economic opportunities depend on the ability to reach places within an acceptable time. Conversely, the emergence of megalopoleis as dominant features of the global landscape has increased commuting effort to unprecedented levels, due to the ever expanding urban areas and the associated travel distances. This now poses a risk to the efficient accessibility of cities, but there is an assumption that the problem can be overcome by increasing the speed of transport systems. However, advocates of this approach overlook important utility trade-offs that arise from the conflict between greater vehicle speeds and the additional time required to access the services. In this paper, we investigate this approach and show that higher speeds in metro systems do not always result in faster travel in cities. We then propose a new approach to addressing the problem, which culminates in a solution that can overcome the current paradoxes and increase door-to-door speeds more effectively. The resulting operational concept optimizes speed and coverage in urban rail systems in megalopoleis, accommodating the longer trips within time budgets. We position this research as a starting point to a new perspective on developing complex urban systems in the future.


By comparison between X-ray and radio contour maps of several radio galaxics and clus-ters of galaxies, the distribution of the lower limit of magnetic field and related physicalquantities have been calculated according to the theory of inverse Compton scattering. Thestudied sources are: Cen A, 3C264 (in the cluster A 1367), A 2634, A 1775, and theComa cluster. On the basis of this comparison and calculated distribution, the role that theinverse Compton scattering plays in the X-ray emission has been discussed for differentkinds of sources. It is shown that clusters of galaxies can be a combination of two com-ponents: one or several radio-galaxies and an extended halo source. Radio-galaxies nsuallyhave a strong magnetic field (larger than 10~(-6) gauss), and their inverse Compton X-rayemission is negligible. On the other hand, extended halo sources, at lcast the one in theComa cluster, have similar X-ray and radio contour maps and a smooth magnetic field dis-tribution. Its strength is about 10~(-8) gauss, and the X-ray emission may be due to the inverseCompton mechanism. In this paper,we describe a way to distinguish the inverse Compton mechanism from thethermal one; this can be applied to other cases, but further observation of halo sources isneeded in order to draw a more general conclusion.


This article takes a close look at the quality education from the angle of developing human rescources. It proposes some new views compared with the earlier educational study. It argues that quality education is not the education that sets against the education for exam. The school education of our country at the moment shoulders responsibility of developing and selecting talented persons, which is decided by the economic development of our country and the requirements of market economy. The education at primary and middle schools is the basic project of developing human rescources. Vocational education and higher education are the orienting projects of H.R.D. We must set up the scientific system of talented persons assessment, and put the education, training, working and rewarding together, bring school education into the orbit of H.R.D, and realize the function of education for serving economy, society and people.


Experimental data are presented for six concrete specimens subjected to displacement reversals. Two specimens were reinforced longitudinally with steel bars Grade 410 (60 ksi), two with Grade 670 (97 ksi), and two with Grade 830 (120 ksi). Other experimental variables included axial load (0 or 0.2 fc′ Ag) and volume fraction of hooked steel fibers (0 or 1.5%). All transverse reinforcement was Grade 410, and the nominal concrete compressive strength was 41 MPa (6 ksi). The loading protocol consisted of repeated cycles of increasing lateral displacement reversals (up to 5% drift) followed by a monotonic lateral push to failure. The test data indicate that replacing conventional Grade-410 longitudinal reinforcement with reduced amounts of Grade-670 or Grade-830 steel bars did not cause a decrease in usable deformation capacity nor a decrease in flexural strength. The evidence presented shows that the use of advanced high-strength steel as longitudinal reinforcement in frame members is a viable option for earthquake-resistant construction.


Thermal stability of metastable A15 Fe-Cr phase is investigated through the study of its magnetic and structural properties. This phase presents very interesting mechanical properties suggesting that A15-structured films might be of great interest for tribological applications when considering the hardness H over Young's modulus E ratio i.e., a description in terms of "elastic strain to failure" for wear resistance. Indeed, H is multiplied by a factor 2 with respect to the value measured for the bulk cubic centered α phase whereas E remains identical. Then, an improvement by a factor 8 of resistance to plastic deformation may be expected since predictive models stand that this quantity is proportional to the H3∕E2 ratio. However, heating problems due to sliding during tribological tests may lead to structural transformation in the film and then a loose of mechanical performance. The formation and the stability of the A15 cubic structure (δ phase) in centered-cubic refractory metals are generally attribute...


Land use change is not only the consequence of rapid economic growth but also its direct and indirect driver in China. Based on official land use change data from 2004-2008, this study found substantial land use changes in China, with considerable cultivated land conversion into nonagricultural purposes. Land use change is spatially dependent. Correlation analysis shows a strong association between absolute land use change and absolute GDP growth. Structural equation analysis indicates that land use change is driven by economic growth. Industrial land expansion directly promotes urban economic growth. Land has been successfully used as a tool to attract foreign investment and to sustain infrastructure investment, triggering urban economic growth indirectly. There are some negative spillover effects from land use changes. Findings suggest that land is not a simple factor of production but a strategic tool for economic development in urban China.


In this paper, control laws are designed to achieve desired flight formations for a group of unmanned (uninhabited) aerial vehicles (UAVs). It is proposed that the formation is led and managed by a leader UAV, which determines desired (for instance, safe and achievable) flight trajectories for a group of follower UAVs. Having the desired trajectories, control laws are designed to achieve flight formations according to one of the following scenarios: (1) Each UAV takes off toward its corresponding trajectory and locks on to it in finite time; the UAVs take off independently of each other and one at a time; (2) all UAVs take off simultaneously towards their corresponding trajectories and lock on to them at the same instance of time. Examples are presented to illustrate the efficacy of the designed control laws.


The effectiveness of FRP jackets for increasing the shear capacity and the flexural ductility of reinforced concrete (RC) columns was demonstrated in many studies. However, for smaller axial loads, the contribution of FRP jackets to flexural strength is minimal. Using FRP sheets in the direction of a column with end anchorage to improve its flexural capacity at the base is not easily achieved. This paper reports on a research project aimed at upgrading the flexural capacity of RC piers using near-surface mounted (NSM) FRP rods. Flexural strengthening and testing to failure of the piers were carried out on a bridge that was scheduled for demolition during the Spring of 1999. Three of the four piers of the bridge were strengthened with different configurations using FRP rods and jackets. The flexural strengthening was achieved using NSM carbon FRP rods that were anchored into the footings. The piers were tested under static push/pull load cycles. An analytical model was developed to determine the net forces acting on a bridge pier at a given load level based on the measured response. Strengthening techniques, test results, modes of failure, and sample analytical results of tested bridge piers are described and the effectiveness of this technology is demonstrated.


ABSTRACT Plants are key sources to obtain drugs and related medical compounds. In the species Catharanthus roseus L.G. Don, ordinarily known as vinca, contains significant amounts of the alkaloid ajmalicine, which is used as an anti-hypertension drug. The aim of this research was to verify the effect of macro-nutrient deficiencies and boron over ajmalicine bioproduction in vinca roots. The experiment was performed in random blocks with eight treatments: complete, nitrogen deficient (-N), phosphorus deficient (-P), potassium deficient (-K), calcium deficient (-Ca), magnesium deficient (- Mg), sulfur deficient (-S) and boron deficient (-B), with four replicates. Seedlings were initially watered once a day with a complete solution and after 55 days after germination the treatments were started. Plants were collected 135 days after germination and evaluated in relation to root's dry matter, concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B and ajmalicine. Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and B within the root's dry matter of the vinca plants in deficient treatments were respectively of 62, 61, 93, 52, 70, 61 and 44% lower when compared with complete treatment. Potassium deficiency resulted in ajmalicine increment of 19% within roots, while deficiencies in N, P, Mg and S reduced ajmalicine concentration in 55, 33, 22 and 26% respectively when compared with complete treatment. Deficiencies in Ca and B had no significant effect in ajmalicine concentration within the plant roots. Within plants with the complete treatment, nutrient contents of ajmalicine from the roots' dry matter were respectively of 18,5 g kg−1 N, 1,46 g kg−1 P, 13,5 g kg−1 K, 4,47 g kg−1 Ca, 1,43 g kg−1 Mg, 1,53 g kg−1 S, 61 mg kg−1 B and 1,28 mg g−1 of vitexin.


Objective To study the relationship between the expression of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and neuronal apoptosis in rats with focal ischemia reperfusion.Methods Wistar rats were divided into sham-operated (n=6) and model (n=30) groups.Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)models were established by thread ligation.The expression of AIF in the ischemic penumbra was observed in the sham-operated and model groups 6 h and 1,2,3 and 7 d after the reperfusion; the changes of neuronal apoptosis in corresponding region were observed by TUNEL staining at the same time.Results AIF-positive cells in the ischemic penumbra were significantly increased in the model group 6 h after the ischemic reperfusion,reaching its peak level at 48 h of reperfusion (130.47±11.32 cells).Cell apoptosis occurred at each time point of ischemic reperfusion and the percentage of apoptosis cells at 48 h ofreperfusion (118.53±11.67 ceils) was the highest among all the time points.Significant differences between the 2 groups were found between each 2 time points (P<0.05).Conclusion Focal ischemia reperfusion can induce the increased expression of AIF positive cells and neuronal apoptosis.

Key words:
Cerebral ischemia; Apoptosis inducing factor; Apoptosis


Background: There are three major subtype breast cancers, such as ER+, HER2+, Triple Negative Breast Cancer (ER-, PR-, HER2-). Triple negative breast cancer is the most aggressive breast cancer and has a very poor prognosis. Up to now, there is no target drug for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). It is important to identify novel drug target of TNBC and look for specific target drug of TNBC. Methods: In silicon assay was used to analyze synthase of Ganglioside D3 (GD3s) expression in different cancers and assay association between survival rate and GD3s expression. CCK8 was used to assess the proliferation of cells. Soft agar was used to check colony formation of cells. BD Transwell chambers were used to evaluate migration and invasion of cells. Methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR) was used to check methylation level of GD3s in tissues of cancers. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were uses to check mRNA and protein expression of GD3s, SOX10, MIA, TRIM2, ROPN1 and ROPN1B in TNBC cells. GD3s expression in tissues of cancers was checked by immunohistochemistry. Results: There was higher GD3s expression in ER negative breast cancer than that in ER positive breast cancer. GD3s was also highly expressed in TNBC compared as the other type breast cancers. GD3s was overexpressed in TNBC cells and tissues of TNBC, which was owed by hypomethylation of GD3s gene. Overexpression of GD3s promoted proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation while inhibition of GD3s reduced proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation. Overexpression (OS), free (DMFS),


To know the geochemical behaviour of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni and Zn, their sources, distribution patterns and association with sedimentological factors (organic carbon and carbonate contents, grain size and clay mineralogy of the sediments), 29 surface sediment samples were collected from the Mazatlan Bay, Mexico. In addition to the determination of the concentration of these variables by standard methods proposed on the literature, a correlation matrix and two principal component analyses (PCA) were made and a normalisation procedure was performed employing Li and organic C as conservative elements. Three groups of metals were defined according to their geochemical behaviour: • Al, Cr, Fe, Li, Mn and Zn • Cd and Cu • Ni.


The scaling behavior of the conformational properties of localized random copolymers at a sharp interface is systematically examined. The Garel–Huse–Leibler–Orland model is solved numerically for the localized monomer density at various temperatures, chain lengths, and disorder distributions. The average monomer distance from the interface, the mean free energy, and the localization transition temperatures are all explicitly evaluated and compared with scaling predictions from analytic approaches.


A new adaptive iterative learning control scheme is proposed for complex dynamical networks with repetitive operation over a fixed time interval. By designing difference type updating laws for unknown time-varying parameters and coupling strength, the state of each node in complex dynamical networks can track the reference signal. By constructing a composite energy function, a sufficient condition of the convergence of tracking error sequence is achieved in the iteration domain. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the designed method.


The decomposition of litters is important to the nutrient cycling of the ecosystems and also is the one of the carbon sources of the ecosystems. The steppes litter, the birch forests litter and the larix forests litter were corrected from the forests and steppes ectone of Hulunbeier county, and added into the Brown coniferous forest soil and incubated at 25 ℃. The different decomposition rate and their influencing factors of these litters were discussed in this paper. The results showed: In first stage of litters' decomposi- tion (within 40 days after incubation), different litters' organic carbon mineralization rate and their total mineralized organic carbon accumulation were various, as the order: The steppes litter the birch forests litter the larix forests litter. The organic carbon min- eralized accumulation within 40 days were C 76.53, 47.42, 20.56 mg/g respctvely. It was predominantly attributed to the various chemical characteristics of these litters, especially owe to their concentration differences of the hot water soluble organic carbon (CH W S) and labile organic matter (LOMⅠ) content. However, it was not correlated with the total organic carbon, total nitrogen and w(C): w(N) ratio of these litters.


The lecturer found some constraints in students of understanding English text such as limited vocabulary, the students were lack of stock of the words, the students who have little knowledge of vocabulary will face some difficulties to understand the written language. The students` lack of knowledge about the text, they are hard to understand what the text tells about it. This research used Experimental design. The writer has taught two different classes at Asy-Syukriyyah College in Tangerang. They were control and experimental class. The population of this research is 100 students that consist of two classes. The writer used cluster random sampling technique to measure the reading comprehension test. In collecting data, the writer will give reading comprehension test to the students using multiple choice, questioners in teaching learning using GIST strategy in reading comprehension. The test has given to get the objective data of student`s achievement in reading comprehension by using GIST strategy in experiment class. The writer would apply two test: there are pre-test and post-test. Students reading comprehension increased after given treatment by using GIST strategy of experiment class. Based on the data analysis of post-test, it has shown that values t count more than t table, where t count was 2.18 while t table was 1.99, so hypothesis statistic   (H1) was accepted.  This suggest that GIST strategy was more effective than conventional learning.


immunochemical fecal occult blood tests for colorectal cancer in a screening population. Gastroenterology 2008;135:82e90. 18. Nakama H, Kamijo N, Abdul Fattah AS, et al. Validity of immunological faecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer: a follow up study. J Med Screen 1996;3:63e5. 19. Parente F, Marino B, DeVecchi N, et al; Lecco Colorectal Cancer Screening Group. Faecal occult blood test-based screening programme with high compliance for colonoscopy has a strong clinical impact on colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2009;96:533e40. 20. Dancourt V, Lejeune C, Lepage C, et al. Immunochemical faecal occult blood tests are superior to guaiac-based tests for the detection of colorectal neoplasms. Eur J Cancer 2008;44:2254e8. 21. Allison JE, Sakoda LC, Levin TR, et al. Screening for colorectal neoplasms with new fecal occult blood tests: update on performance characteristics. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1462e70. 22. Hol L, Wilschut JA, van Ballegooijen M, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer: random comparison of guaiac and immunochemical faecal occult blood testing at different cut-off levels. Br J Cancer 2009;100:1103e10. 23. Hol L, van Leerdam ME, van Ballegooijen M, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer: randomised trial comparing guaiac-based and immunochemical faecal occult blood testing and flexible sigmoidoscopy. Gut 2010;59:62e8. 24. Parra-Blanco A, Gimeno-Garcı́a AZ, Quintero E, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of immunochemical versus guaiac faecal occult blood tests for colorectal cancer screening. J Gastroenterol 2010;45:703e12. 25. Fu WP, Kam MH, Ling WM, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer using a quantitative immunochemical faecal occult blood test: a feasibility study in an Asian population. Tech Coloproctol 2009;13:225e30. 26. Chen LS, Liao CS, Chang SH, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis for determining optimal cut-off of immunochemical faecal occult blood test for population-based colorectal cancer screening (KCIS 16). J Med Screen 2007;14:191e9. 27. Grazzini G, Visioli CB, Zorzi M, et al. Immunochemical faecal occult blood test: number of samples and positivity cutoff. What is the best strategy for colorectal cancer screening? Br J Cancer 2009;100:259e65. 28. Rozen P, Levi Z, Hazazi R, et al. Identification of colorectal adenomas by a quantitative immunochemical faecal occult blood screening test depends on adenoma characteristics, development threshold used and number of tests performed. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009;29:906e17. 29. van Rossum LG, van Rijn AF, Laheij RJ, et al. Cutoff value determines the performance of a semi-quantitative immunochemical faecal occult blood test in a colorectal cancer screening programme. Br J Cancer 2009;101:1274e81. 30. Rabeneck L, Zwaal C, Goodman JH, et al. Cancer Care Ontario guaiac fecal occult blood test (FOBT) laboratory standards: evidentiary base and recommendations. Clin Biochem 2008;41:1289e305. 31. Young GP, Sinatra MA, St John DJ. Influence of delay in stool sampling on fecal occult blood test sensitivity. Clin Chem 1996;42:1107e8. 32. Guittet L, Bouvier V, Mariotte N, et al. Comparison of a guaiac and an immunochemical faecal occult blood test for the detection of colonic lesions according to lesion type and location. Br J Cancer 2009;100:1230e5. 33. Vilkin A, Rozen P, Levi Z, et al. Performance characteristics and evaluation of an automated-developed and quantitative, immunochemical, fecal occult blood screening test. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:2519e25. 34. van Rossum LG, van Rijn AF, van Oijen MG, et al. False negative fecal occult blood tests due to delayed sample return in colorectal cancer screening. Int J Cancer 2009;125:746e50. 35. Levin B, Lieberman DA, McFarland B, et al. Screening and surveillance for the early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps, 2008: a joint guideline from the American Cancer Society, the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology. Gastroenterology 2008;134:1570e95. 36. Recommendations for a Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme in Ireland. 2008. http://www.cancerscreening.ie/publications/Colorectal-Recommendations.pdf (accessed 3 Dec 2008).


The neoplastic environment is generally regarded as an immunosuppressive milieu. However, a group of cancers are characterized by the abundance of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Here we examined the possible roles of chemokines in the formation of lymphoid stroma in lymphocyte‐rich gastric carcinomas (GCs), including EBV+ cases and conventional GCs. Regardless of EBV positivity, TILs in lymphocyte‐rich GCs predominantly expressed CXCR3, while its ligand CXCL9 was abundantly expressed by stromal cells and a portion of cancer cells. CXCL9+ stromal cells were judged to include dendritic cells, because they partly co‐expressed fascin, DC‐sign, CD83, DC‐lamp or HLA‐DR. T cells in close contact with CXCL9+ cells showed frequent labelling of Ki‐67 (approximately 10%), suggesting the immunostimulatory activity of CXCL9+ stromal cells. The T‐cell zone of the regional lymph nodes of lymphocyte‐rich GCs also abounded with CXCR3+ T cells and CXCL9+ stromal cells. This indicated a close similarity between cancer stroma and regional lymph nodes of lymphocyte‐rich GCs. Quantitative RT–PCR also confirmed the strong expression of CXCR3, CXCL9 and IFNγ in lymphocyte‐rich GCs. In contrast, conventional GCs contained less abundant CXCR3+ T cells and few CXCL9+ stromal cells. Collectively, the CXCL9–CXCR3 axis plays a pivotal role in the formation of lymphoid stroma in lymphocyte‐rich GCs. Given similar findings in the regional lymph nodes, the lymphoid stroma of lymphocyte‐rich GCs may represent a tertiary lymphoid tissue with predominantly Th1‐shifted immune responses. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper presents a semi-analytical approximation for a two-dimensional (2D) tension analysis of submarine cables during laying operations. In the analysis, based on geometric compatibility relations and equilibrium equations, a set of non-linear differential equations are obtained. The present model considers effects of ocean currents, cable ship mo- tion, pay-out rate, water depth and material properties on submarine cable behavior in water, which are crucial during lay- ing operations. As shown in numerical examples, with consideration of currents and cable ship motion, the cable tension appears to be smaller and cable configuration curve tends to be fatter than the conventional catenary theory. In the last few decades, rapidly increasing expansions of telecom systems and exploitation of the oceanic natural re- sources demand intensive use of cables in marine environ- ments. However, how to ensure the operation quality of submarine cable during laying operation is still a challenge issue in ocean engineering. With the significant commercial benefits, the analysis of submarine cable tension and profile during laying operations in water is very important. Once the analysis is available, it can effectively avoid some detri- mental effects on submarine cables that will guarantee work quality as well as improve operation efficiency. Therefore, the tension analysis of submarine cables has been a great interest to civil engineering research for the past few dec- ades. Based on different assumptions, numerous theories have been developed for the static and dynamic response of sub- marine cable. Among these, Zajac (1) first developed a steady-state theory, in which the cable was modeled as a straight line and excluded the effect of transient motions. Following Zajac (1), many investigators have been trying different approaches to analyze both static and dynamic be- haviors of submarine cables during laying operations. Among these, Yoshizawa and Yabuta (2) presented an ana- lytical method for tension analysis of cables without consid- ering the tangential drag forces, and the model was used to calculate the bottom tension due to negative slack. Their model showed that the bottom tension mainly depended up- on the cable ship velocity and water depth, and the theoreti- cal results were in good agreement with experimental results.


Four Mercedes articulated buses fitted with regenerating catalytic particle filters were subjected to performance tests in Malmoe in 1989-1991. The simplified ECE R49 13-mode driving cycle was applied. Two buses had driven 180,000 km each, the other two drove 50,000 km each during the test period.Comparisons of performance have been made before and after fitting of catalysts on test buses, between buses with and without catalysts, and between buses using fuels of different grades. Results refer to temperature, smoke and emission measurements, fuel consumption with different fuels, back pressure which is critical for catalytic regeneration, driving characteristics and service life. Running costs of buses with catalysts are approx SEK 3/10 km higher than those of buses without. However, since a grade of diesel is now available which has an emission the same as that of ordinary diesel from vehicle with catalysts, there is no point in fitting catalyst any longer.


(caused by digoxin-like substance, DLS), detected with three radioimmunoassays, in serum of near-term pregnant women, their infants, other neonates, and patients with renal failure (1). We report here a different experience with a digoxin radioimmunoassay from Diagnostic Products Corp., Los Angeles, CA (DPC). We compared apparent concentrations of digoxin in serum measured with the DPC liquid-phase second-antibody and with the NML (Nuclear Medical Laboratories, Irving, TX) assays, following the protocols without modification (except 25-zL samples were used for infants) for 43 adults receiving digoxin, 16 newborns (cord blood), and 16 patients with chronic renal failure who were not receiving digoxin. We also measured digoxin in undiluted serum from 14 infants who were receiving the drug (13 samples were also diluted twofold) by the DPC method and from 10 of these infants (seven samples were diluted twofold) by the NML assay. Digoxin concentrations measured by DPC were 0-3.9 p.g/ L in adult patients (NML = LOG x DPC - 0.10 zgfL, r2 = 1.00). No "digoxin" was detected by DPC (<0.05 pgJL) in serum from newborns or renal failure patients not receiving digoxin, but by the NML method the "digoxin" concentration was 0.3 (SD 0.05) gfL (range 0.2-0.4 tg/L) in newborns, and 0.1 (SD 0.04) pg/L (0-0.2 zgfL) in patients with renal failure. Digoxin concentrations measured by DPC in undiluted serum were 0.5-3.7 pg/L in infants receiving digoxin; NML results were 11 (SD 5)% greater (NML = 1.2 x DPC + 0.04 pgfL, r2 = 0.998). DPC results were unchanged by diluting samples twofold, but NML results were now 26 (SD 23)% greater (NML = 1.2 x DPC + 0.12 ug/L, r2 = 0.97). The DPC assay, in contrast to NML, did not detect DLS in any of the samples we studied. Further, this assay yielded appropriate results upen dilution of serum from infants receiving digoxin. As found by Gortner and Hellenbrecht (2) for the DPC coated-tube assay, we confirm that the secondantibody DPC assay is more specific for digoxin than are other currently commercially available digoxin immunoassays.


In the attempt to set up a useful methodology for the investigation of burned human remains in archaeological, anthropological and forensic fields, we decided to compare the most common protocols for the study of bone bioapatites (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, FT-IR, and X-ray Diffraction, XRD) to those deriving from the application of X-ray scattering techniques using synchrotron light. In this way, we expect to take advantage of the wider and more dynamic qualities of such a valuable tool in order to examine a higher number of samples in a very short time compared to the "traditional" techniques, meanwhile assessing its applicability in the archaeological field.


<jats:p>We review the status of the determination of
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from both flavor-breaking finite-energy sum rules based on inclusive
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decay data and the recent lattice-based analysis of inclusive strange
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decay data. In particular, we update the results from these analysis
frameworks taking into account recent improvements to a number of
strange branching fractions reported by HFLAV at CKM2018 and this
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decay data yields results for <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>\vert V_{us}\vert</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix">|</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix">|</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>
compatible within errors with the expectations of three-family
unitarity.</jats:p>


Application of various modern design theories and methods used in coal mine machine is introduced,such as CAD,finite element analysis,optimum design,reliability design and green product design,etc.;also the development prospect is looked forward.


Clay liner is widely used in landfill for its powerful decontamination ability,low penetrability and low expense.It can not prevent the contamination leakage completely under the coupled movements induced by the hydraulic and chemical gradients.If a direct current electric field was applied to a polluted soil,the contamination would be motivated in a different way by the electroosmosis and electromigration.An apparatus newly developed was introduced to investigate the contamination transportation behaviors under coupled flow fields.A group of test results were presented and discussed in which the zinc ions concentration,water content and pH value of polluted soils were measured.The test results show that electrokinetic action may be an effective technique to limit the diffusion of zinc ions.


The objective of this study was to set up a mode for quantitative determination of fermentation metabolites by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and its method validation. In experiment samples centrifugation with 10000rpm for 10min, then obtained clear solution was filtered with a 0.45μm membrane. In Gas chromatography link FID detecter and DB-FFAP column(30m×0.25mm ×0.25μm).The chromatographic conditions;injection temperature and detection temperature are 250℃.The oven temperature programming;initial 40℃ hold 1min,at 15℃/min to 115℃ ,at 30℃/min to 245℃ hold 2min. In the result of validation experiments. The system suitability related standard deviation (RSD) between 0.06%~0.9%(n=6). The linear regression coefficient (R2)︰0.99. The average of spike recovery︰92%~96%(n=3).


ABSTRACT In the course of psychoanalysis, some children who are initially diagnosed as suffering from Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) turn out to move back and forth along an autisto-psychotic spectrum. This subgroup, or spectrum, is characterized by a mixture of paranoid-schizoid anxieties and less differentiated autistic anxieties-of-being. Thus, these children could be described as borderline autistic. The interpretation of unconscious anxiety proves to be a crucial factor in the analyses of these children. They are characterized by an overwhelming influx of intermingled anxieties. Thus, it is the analyst's difficult task to try and trace the dominant, urgent anxiety and interpret it in its own "language." It is helpful to interpret and show the child how autistic withdrawal serves against further fragmentation, and the way fragmentation prevents an influx of paralysing anxieties-of-being. Furthermore, different anxiety states require different technical considerations and means. This is especially so when the type of anxiety is related to disintegrated or unintegrated states of the body. Clinical material taken from a five-sessions-per-week analysis of a boy, initially diagnosed as ASD and later on as suffering from childhood schizophrenia, will attempt to demonstrate the internal dynamics and the technical challenges involved when working with the autisto-psychotic spectrum.


Comprehensive analysis of the order Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation about training stewards to ensure public order and public safety guarantees under official sports competitions.


she writes, 'it also employs its primary ally and enforcer, ''racism'', to police the imaginary border between blood (us) and strangers (them)' (p. 6). The Erotic Life of Racism is critical of recent trends in both critical race and queer theory. The rush towards 'global' perspectives in both critical race theory and queer theory has offered much, Holland argues, but this turn does not help to address the continued importance of theorizing the black/white binary in American society. 'One of the primary truths of African Americanist intellectual work is that we are not yet done with slavery' she notes (p. 31). Its impact on the 'logics of family, belonging and property' has not been properly accounted for, and the psychic life of slavery remains obscure (p. 31). Some more 'parochialism' in this area would serve the field well, Holland suggests, as the US example is particularly well suited to address how slavery has impacted on society as a whole. Holland's book is thorough in its critique of cultural theory on race and the erotic, and it convincingly argues that the erotic has the potential of bringing the 'private' life of racism into view. The book does not attempt to formulate a theory of the erotic life of racism, however. It focuses on the erotic life of racism as it appears in cultural theory in the first three chapters. Only in the concluding chapter does Holland venture into the analysis of other cultural objects, with her explication of the erotic and race in William Faulkner's novel Absalom, Absalom! (1936). Here, the theoretical argument about the significance of the erotic in quotidian racism, and the light this casts on the experience of race, takes on an explanatory power that the discussion of cultural theory earlier in the book does not quite match. After this final chapter I wanted the book to continue along this route and more fully flesh out the power of a coupling of a socially embedded notion of the erotic and quotidian racist practice. That may serve as a call for continuation for those who are currently addressing the crossroads of queer and critical race theory.


A case of spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a thoracic neurinoma during anticoagulation therapy is presented. The underlying pathology, clinical course and pertinent literature are reviewed.


Structural heterogeneity in the vadose zone can significantly influence the dynamics of surface and subsurface distribution of water. It is one important reason for the patterned crops in fields. GPR as a non-invasive tool facilitates the quick investigation of subsurface structures and associated soil water contents of agricultural lands. A field study site with patterned wheat was surveyed at 1.5 m line spacing using 400 MHz multichannel GPR. Through time-lapse snapshots of the ground with multi-channel GPR and surface TDR measurements after a heavy rainfall event, we (i) determine the subsurface 3D architecture, (ii) simultaneously measure the depth-averaged soil water content, and (iii) assess the influence of the structural heterogeneity on the surface and subsurface soil water redistribution. Through investigating the field-scale soil water dynamics, we discuss the relationship between soil architecture and the patterned crops in hydrological perspective. Results demonstrate that multi-channel GPR allows the collection of valuable information about the subsurface structure and soil water dynamics at site-specific land.


The intrinsic luminosity of Uranus is a factor of 10 less than that of Neptune, an observation that standard giant planetary evolution models, which assume negligible viscosity, fail to capture. Here we show that more than half of the interior of Uranus is likely to be in a solid state, and that thermal evolution models that account for this high viscosity region satisfy the observed faintness of Uranus by storing accretional heat deep in the interior. A frozen interior also explains the quality factor of Uranus required by the evolution of the orbits of its satellites.


This study proposes a new method for direct generation of synthetic wind power time series for a wind farm. The method combines the random nature of wind with the operational information of the wind turbines (i.e., failure and repair rates). It uses chronological or sequential Monte Carlo Simulation instead of non-sequential one due to its usefulness and flexibility in preserving statistical characteristics of the chronological processes. The validity of the synthetic values generated by the proposed method and the conventional Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods is compared with the measured data in terms of average and variance values, Probability Distribution Function, and Auto-Correlation Function. Due to increasing interest in the use of the storage system in paralleling with wind power generation, a practical application of the proposed method is also included. Optimal sizing of various energy storage technologies is obtained through a cost-benefit analysis in a typical Micro-Grid.


In order to figure out the sedimentary environments of contourites of two areas in northern Hunan, we test trace elements in all the 43 samples taken from them. The results show that during the Early Ordovician, Jiuxi area was a platform slope zone which was in a hot, dry, high-salinity and reducing environment. Yuanguping area was a transition zone between the slope (the slope was in a hot, humid, ungated and weak-reducing environment) and the basin.


It is shown that the notion of an − cl R space (Demonstratio Math. 46(1) (2013), 229-244) fits well as a separation axiom between zero dimensionality and − 0 R spaces. Basic properties of − cl R spaces are studied and their place in the hierarchy of separation axioms that already exist in the literature is elaborated. The category of − cl R spaces and continuous maps constitutes a full isomorphism closed, monoreflective (epireflective) subcategory of TOP. The function space cl R (X, Y) of all − cl R supercontinuous functions from a space X into a uniform space Y is shown to be closed in the topology of uniform convergence. This strengthens and extends certain results in the literature (Demonstratio Math. 45(4) (2012), 947-952).


Most railway tunnels meet the requirement of operation ventilation by the piston effect of trains, but studies of operation ventilation for super-long railway tunnels at high altitude are relatively infrequent. The new Guanjiao tunnel, which is located on the Xining-Golmud railway, is relied on in conducting research on the natural ventilation of super-long railway tunnels during operations at high altitudes. Based on: (1) the meteorological data of the Guanjiao tunnel region, and according to the calculation principles of fluid dynamics and constant flow theory and (2) getting the velocity of the natural wind and piston wind of the train, combined with the traffic forecast and traffic organizational planning, the natural wind exchange frequency of the Guanjiao tunnel is finally determined. This paper shows that the wind velocity in the Guanjiao tunnel is between 1.5 to 4 m/s and the natural wind direction is mainly from Golmud to Xining. The average piston wind velocity in tunnel I is 8.38 m/s and 8.1 m/s in tunnel II. Once inside the tunnel, to make the air exchange, theoretically it needs 5.3 trains to go through tunnel I and 5.5 trains through tunnel II.


Human activity recognition using wearable devices is an active area of research in pervasive computing. In our work, we address the problem of reducing the effort for training and adapting activity recognition approaches to a specific person. We focus on the problem of cross-subjects based recognition models and introduce an approach that considers physical characteristics. Further, to adapt such a model to the behavior of a new user, we present a personalization approach that relies on online and active machine learning. In this context, we use online random forest as a classifier to continuously adapt the model without keeping the already seen data available and an active learning approach that uses user-feedback for adapting the model while minimizing the effort for the new user. We test our approaches on a real world data set that covers 15 participants, 8 common activities, and 7 different on-body device positions. We show that our cross-subjects based approach performs constantly +3% better than the standard approach. Further, the personalized cross-subjects models, gained through user-feedback, recognize dynamic activities with an F-measure of 87% where the user has significantly less effort than collecting and labeling data.


At the beginning I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Prof. Hassanein Amer for his continuous support, patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge throughout my study and research. I could not have imagined having a better advisor than him.
My sincere thanks also goes to Dr. Sami Botros for his endless support, encouragement, deep interest and being there at all times.
It is a great pleasure to acknowledge my deepest thanks to Dr. Ahmed Khattab, Dr. Ramez Daoud and Dr. Hany El-Sayed for their great support, precious guidance and stimulating discussions. I would also like to thank Eng. Nora Ali for her great assistance in my thesis project. Also, many thanks to the whole SEAD team for supporting me all the way.
Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge my dearest friends and work colleagues for their continuous support and motivation.
Finally, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my whole family, especially my father and my mother, for their great support since I have started pursuing my masters. They were always there for me and by my side and I couldn't have done it without every single one of them. I am so grateful to have them all in my life. Also, I would like to thank my husband for his endless support during those hard times and would like to dedicate this thesis to my little Farida.


Abstract. The long-petaled slipper orchid of Central American has a complex nomenclatural history. Since the first publication of the name Cypripedium humboldtii, this plant has been treated under a number of different synonyms. Here we reconsider the oldest name, suggesting that Warszewicz validly published it, and that the name Phragmipedium humboldtii must be used for this taxon.


The bees now described are of interest for different reasons. The genus Hesperapis, originally described from New Mexico, has been found to be widely distributed over the southwestern States, with eighteen species, two of which come from Lower California.


Aim . To study the incidence and structure of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among the working population of the Bryansk region, as well as to determine its share in the structure of total and cardiovascular mortality in this age group. Material and methods . We analyzed the structure and incidence of SCD in 417740 people of working age (25-64 years) in five major areas of the Bryansk region and the city of Bryansk in 2012. Medical records (outpatient card, patient's chart, autopsy protocol, a medical certificate of death) of 1447 people of working age who died from diseases of the circulatory system were analyzed. Results. 106 cases corresponded to the criteria for SCD, which determined the frequency of SCD 25.4 per 100000 working-age population. The predominance of men over women (85% vs 15%) was marked. Only 24% of cases of SCD occurred in hospitals, while 76% - in outpatient settings. A strong association between SCD and age was noted. Chronic (43%) and acute (37%) forms of ischemic heart disease turned out to be the main clinical entities that caused SCD. Conclusion. The share of SCD in total and cardiovascular mortality was 2.9% and 7.3% respectively. Strong correlation between SCD rate and age was found. Chronic and acute forms of ischemic heart disease turned out to be the main clinical entities that caused SCD.


We discuss anisotropic scaling of long-range dependent linear random fields X on Z 2 with arbitrary dependence axis (direction in the plane along which the moving-average coefficients decay at a smallest rate). The scaling limits are taken over rectangles whose sides are parallel to the coordinate axes and increase as λ and λγ when λ → ∞, for any γ > 0. The scaling transition occurs at γX 0 > 0 if the scaling limits of X are different and do not depend on γ for γ > γX 0 and γ < γ X 0 . We prove that the fact of 'oblique' dependence axis (or incongruous scaling) dramatically changes the scaling transition in the above model so that γX 0 = 1 independently of other parameters, contrasting the results in Pilipauskaitė and Surgailis (2017) on the scaling transition under congruous scaling.


Nila is a fish that mostly cultivated because it is raised easily and it has fast growth and proliferation. The feed quality can influence the growth of nila. Probiotic can optimize the growth of fish. One kind of probiotic is EM4. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of EM4 probiotic in fish feed to the growth of nila (Oreochromis niloticus). This research was done in Biology Education Experimental Garden of Sanata Dharma University. It used Completely Randomized Design experiment method with three treatments that was EM4 concentration of 15 ml/kg of feed (P1), 20 ml/kg of feed (P2), 25 ml/kg of feed (P3) and control or without addition of EM4 (P0). Growth that were measured were the average of weight and total length of fish every seven days. The analyses used Anova one factor between design to know the influence of EM4 probiotic addition fertilizer in feed fish to growth of nila (Oreochromis niloticus). The result of this research found that there were influence of EM4 probiotic fertilizer addition to the weight and the total length of nila fish. The optimized concentration of EM4 for nila's growth was 25 ml/kg of feed. The result of Anova test was significant so it was continued with Duncan test. The result of Duncan test show that P3 treatment was the best treatment.


A quantity Z (essentially the action integral) is shown to be stationary for small periodic deviations from the actual motion. By choosing approximations to the motion containing the frequency and some other parameters, it is possible to make this variational principle the basis of an approximate determination of the motion.Quite simple trial functions are found to give surprisingly accurate values for the frequency and the Fourier components of the motion. Comparison between the exact solution and ours for some systems is given.


For the study of electromagnetic fields generated by precursory effects of earthquakes, the problem of transmission to the atmosphere is investigated for a subhertz plane electromagnetic wave obliquely incident from a homogeneous earth's crust of semi-infinite extent through an inhomogeneous earth's crust of finite thickness. To analyze the problem, the inhomogeneous earth's crust is subdivided into a number of thin homogeneous layers. Then, an easier problem of propagation through a composite multilayered medium replacing the homogeneous and inhomogeneous earth's crusts and the atmosphere is treated. To confirm the validity of the above formulation, an exponential inhomogeneity for the conductivity of the earth's crust is considered for a specific example. First, for the case of the inhomogeneous earth's crust, the overall power transmission coefficient on the earth-atmosphere interface at normal incidence is found to show a broader frequency characteristic and to take a maximum value at a definite subhe...


The utility model discloses a cold and warm dual-purpose portable heat insulation box. The utility model comprises a bottom frame, a pulley wheel, a binding tape, a telescopic handle and a heat insulation tank, wherein the heat insulation tank is fixed on the bottom frame by the binding tape, and the heat insulation tank comprises an outer shell, a vacuum inner liner, an inner shell and an article storage tank. A refrigeration tank is arranged in the article storage tank, and ice blocks are arranged in the refrigeration tank. One side of an outer shell of the heat insulation tank, the vacuum inner liner, the inner shell and the article storage tank are respectively provided with a corresponding hole. A water drainage pipe and a water drainage valve are arranged through the holes. The lower parts of the outer shell, the vacuum inner liner and the inner shell are provided with three corresponding holes, and are sheathed with a triangular frame. Three feet of the triangular frame are penetrated through the three holes, and are sealed by sealing pad rings. The triangular frame is used for supporting the weight of the article storage tank and articles in the article storage tank. The utility model has the advantages of short-term preservation for foods, portability and easy movement.


Nowadays, the need for new materials is urgent due to the scarcity of conventional materials and energy resources. The environmental issue requires materials which are biodegradable. There are many composites, arranged from synthetic fibers and matrix, which cannot be recyclable after their lifetime. In this research, the utilization potency of zalacca midrib wastes for their fibers as composite reinforcement were investigated, especially after the alkaline treatment to improve their characteristics. The influence of alkaline treatment on the density, functional groups of the fiber surface, thermal stability and crystallinity were measured and/or analyzed by linear-density-and-diameter-calculation, FTIR, TGA-DTA and XRD, respectively. The result showed that the zalacca midrib fibers had lower density than synthetic fibers and several natural fibers. Analysis of FTIR spectra indicated that the alkaline treatment of NaOH slightly raised their density because it removed several functional groups which attrib...


Tibet is the center of high altitude animal husbandry.The vast area of grassland and amount of livestock has an important position.Studying on the development of the animal husbandry is necessary and important for the economical development of Tibet.


of the baroque period. There are periods in art when the limitations imposed by the loom seem to irk the craftsman. In such periods he resorts to the oldest tool in textile art, the needle, and instead of embodying his ideas into the fabric superimposes them on it; embroidery takes the place of pattern weaving. In the seventeenth century the possibilities of varying the pomegranate pattern of the Renaissance were exhausted. Baroque art, appealing preeminently to emotion, had no patience with symmetrical ornament, it demanded an overelaboration fthe main motif, comparable to a melody in rich counterpoint. An excellent example of the Baroque trend is represented by an embroidered valance, (L. 132 inches; W. 1 6V2 inches), the gift of Mrs. Emma S. Fechimer (Acc. No. 43.438). On a ground covered with a couched diaper of silver threads, en gaufrure, large tendrils with immense blossoms turn and twist between three cartouches. A parrot and two other birds intensify the gaiety of this colorful invention. The cartouches are framed by silver scrolls in relief, 'similar scrolls connect he valance with its rich wavy fringe. The valance has turn-back ends of yellow damask with an ornament of white and yellow galloon. The cartouches how mythological scenes. In the center (not reproduced) Ganymede is carried off by Jupiter's eagle into a heaven of azure, high over the silvery clouds on the horizon. A galleon spreads her sails before the wind that ruffles the blue Mediterranean into pretty waves. Two men sit on the rocks, absorbed in their fishing; all nature is calm and gay, nobody worries about the boy's plight. At the left Hercules, lightly draped in a shawl of cloth of gold, plays the tambourine for the entertainment ofOmphale who, sitting closely beside him on a grassy bench, wears her lover's lion skin over her pale blue dress and leans on his club. Cupid watches the couple from the shelter of a shrub, the scene is laid in a hilly landscape with flowers, trees and a lonely column. In the third scene at the right a young woman, richly attired, is seated under a tree. Three young


Abstract The phylogenetic relationships of four dioecious populations and one parthenogenetic population of the harpacticoid Canthocamptus staphylinus (Jurine, 1820) were studied. Analysis of the mtCOI gene revealed two main clades as a phylogenetic tree and a network of haplotypes: a clade with Fennoscandian populations in Lake Pääjärvi (Finland) and Lake Vänern (Sweden), and a second clade with populations in Lake Võrtsjärv (Estonia), Orlov Pond in Saint Petersburg (Russia), and the type locality of the species in Lake Geneva (Switzerland). The parthenogenetic population of C. staphylinus showed the smallest nucleotide and haplotype polymorphisms and could have evolved as a reaction to the changing environmental conditions following the Last Glacial Maximum, 20K YBP.


It describes a method and apparatus for video coding. If the intra prediction mode to be used when residual data block is encoded in a specific predetermined class (e.g., level class), the permutation performed during encoding at least part of the residual data quantized transform block. Likewise, if the intra-prediction mode was used to generate the encoded data of the residual block in this class, the transposed at least part of the residual data entropy decoding block during decoding.


Abstract. The thermal infrared cloud camera (IRCCAM) is a prototype instrument
that determines cloud fraction continuously during daytime and
night-time using measurements of the absolute thermal sky radiance
distributions in the 8–14 µm wavelength range in conjunction with
clear-sky radiative transfer modelling. Over a time period of 2 years, the
fractional cloud coverage obtained by the IRCCAM is compared with two
commercial cameras (Mobotix Q24M and Schreder VIS-J1006) sensitive in the
visible spectrum, as well as with the automated partial cloud amount
detection algorithm (APCADA) using pyrgeometer data. Over the 2-year period,
the cloud fractions determined by the IRCCAM and the visible all-sky cameras
are consistent to within 2 oktas (0.25 cloud fraction) for 90 % of the
data set during the day, while for day- and night-time data the comparison
with the APCADA algorithm yields an agreement of 80 %. These results are
independent of cloud types with the exception of thin cirrus clouds, which
are not detected as consistently by the current cloud algorithm of the
IRCCAM. The measured absolute sky radiance distributions also provide the
potential for future applications by being combined with ancillary
meteorological data from radiosondes and ceilometers.


Ribosomes are molecular machineries that decode the information within mRNAs and generate all the proteins required for cellular activities. Ribosomes are essential to every living organism. The synthesis of ribosome is an intricate process, which is carried out in multiple steps throughout the cell in a highly coordinated fashion. For many years, the general perception was that any defects in the "ribosome assembly line" would have fatal consequences on cell. However, it has now become clear that production of defective ribosomes does not lead to lethality in human embryos. Rather, it manifests as specific disease conditions called ribosomopathies, which are rare genetic disorders affecting the bone marrow. This group of diseases has received considerable attention in recent years because of the mystery associated with them i.e. the tissue-specific nature of the clinical phenotypes despite the fact that the genes mutated in patients code for proteins that are absolutely essential and are housekeeping in nature. Despite considerable progress in understanding these diseases, it still remains unclear why defects in the production of a macromolecule as indispensable and as ubiquitous as the ribosome go unnoticed and why the effects are not universal but rather are restricted to specific cell types. This review is aimed at introducing the readers to important ribosomopathies with a brief description about the clinical symptoms, molecular genetics, and the treatments strategies.


This work focuses on the impact of Maya agriculture on soil degradation. In site and out site studies in the area of the city of La Joyanca (NW Petén) show that "Maya clays" do not constitute a homogeneous unit, but represent a complex sedimentary record. A high resolution analysis leads us to document changes in rates and practices evolving in time in relation with major socio-political and economic changes. It is possible to highlight extensive agricultural practices between Early Pre-classical to Late Pre-classical times. Intensification occurs in relation with reduction of the fallow duration during Pre-classic to Classic periods. The consequences of these changes on soil erosion are discussed. However, it does not seem that the agronomic potential of the soils was significantly degraded before the end of the Classic period.


Part 1 Overview: basic information the policy environment. Part 2 The urban land market: the framework within which the urban land market functions the process outcome of the urban land market case studies. Part 3 The urban property market: the framework within which the urban property market functions the process the outcome of the property market prices and rents case studies. Part 4 evaluation: evaluation of the urban land and property markets.


Background: Carcinoma of colon is one of the prevalence carcinoma in the world and it is the most important cause of death in Western countries. The disease process is multifactorial; with etiology include inflammatory conditions of the digestive tract, environmental liableness and genetic factors. Chemokine Ligand1 was share in several mechanisms such as inflammatory process, chemo attraction, and others. Objective: The current study was conducted to analyze gene expression level of chemokine ligand 1 in colonic carcinoma and to deliberate the participant of it as genetic factors in its evolving and prognosis. Material and method: Chemokine Ligand1 gene expression level was evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks that is retrospectively collected from 40 patients (8 women and 32 men) with carcinoma, and 40 patients of normal colonic tissues as control specimen by using Real-Time PCR. Results: The expression of Chemokine ligand 1 gene were established as 12.4112 folds in carcinoma specimen in relation to control tissue (1.3492).  Chemokine ligand 1 genes were found to be over-expressed in advanced stage tumors and elderly patients. Conclusions: Chemokine ligand1 can be considered as a recent biomarker and the possibility to use it as therapeutic target in the treatment of colonic carcinoma.


While the trial of modernity and its legacies, the rise of anti-universalistic discourses, and the temptations of identitarian closures are common Western trends, this paper will specifically focus on the French case, as its republican assimilationist model has been very much infused with universalism and endures many tensions facing multicultural society. By focusing on the arguments mobilized by young French adults to solve the tensions between republican universalism and national particularism, as well as envisioning social cohesion, we analyze their narratives and shed light on four "spirits": Homo Nationalis, embodying a nationalistic passion for the homeland; Homo Civicus, expressing deep commitment to the res publica and the common good; Homo Culturalis, demanding recognition of minority cultures; and Homo Pontifex (the "bridge builder"), encouraging cosmopolitanism and a love of humanity.


PURPOSE: The dental prosthesis system, components for dental prosthesis system and methods for such a dental prosthesis system are provided to reduce the risk of a superstructure which is pre produced. CONSTITUTION: The system comprises a dental prosthesis system incorporating a superstructure(4, 5), a positioning device, and fixtures (1) that are implantable in a person's jawbone. Each fixture (1) is anchored in the jawbone and its opposite end is arranged so that it will be possible to attach a superstructure (4, 5) to it. By means of the positioning device, fixtures (1) are implanted at definite positions and in definite directions, usually parallel directions. The superstructure includes prefabricated elements with fastening devices (8, 9) that can be attached to fixtures (1). In accordance with the invention, reference device (1a) is designed to put the positioning device in place in such a way as to reliably provide the aforesaid definite positions and directions, therewith facilitating the use of prefabricated superstructures. Through its other aspects, the invention is related to significant components suitable for a dental prosthesis system of this type. Moreover, the invention comprises methods used in connection with the application of the dental prosthesis system.


Modern microwave networks must cope with strict Quality of Services (QoS) requirements, such as low latency, high bandwidth and high availability. As network failures can affect service availability, failure management is crucial for service maintenance and, recently, application of Machine Learning (ML) for automated failure management is becoming pervasive. In particular, ML promises to deliver predictive maintenance capabilities, where failure occurrence is anticipated thanks to ML prediction capabilities. In this study we developed two workflows, based on a modular ML implementation, capable of short- and long-horizon failure predictions, while taking into consideration computational complexity constraint. As input data, we used real alarms coming from deployed equipment of a nation-wide microwave network. Our ML-based failure-prediction system learns from human experience through labelled data, performs alarms forecasting, detects future failure occurrence and identifies failure root causes. In our numerical results, we compare the prediction performance of different ML models in terms of various standard ML performance metrics. Overall accuracy over 95% is achieved in all prediction scenario simulated within an hour, suggesting that microwave network operators can gain actual operational benefits by deploying this framework in realworld infrastructures.


Without an effective start and a meaningful end a great lesson may not realise its full potential. In this workshop we will explore a number of short, enjoyable and communicative activities used as warmers to wake up, motivate and enthuse learners, and consider how coolers can be used effectively to wrap up and close a lesson. The warmers and coolers demonstrated in the workshop are versatile, and can be used in teaching both language and skills for all levels and abilities, with a view to making learning not just more fun, but also more productive.


Structural color allows for a vibrant pigment‐free coloration for many potential applications. But now, it is still hindered in practice with crucial issues including complicated fabrication, defective and static appearance. Post‐trimming is proposed for defect‐free and controllable color manipulation after fabrication, which is significant for structural color in practical applications. Till now, most present post‐trimming methods are inhibited due to limited trimming range. Here, a simple and practical strategy supporting wafer‐scale and panchromatic structural color post‐trimming is proposed. By simply controlling a thermal oxidation process, the proposed device can be tuned precisely from red to blue covering the whole visible region. Moreover, a "burn to read" and "burn after reading" structural color is also demonstrated for the first time. Partial thermal oxidation can reveal the encoded information (i.e., "burn to read") and complete oxidation will erase the encoded information (i.e., "burn after reading") owing to a transition from a broadband Salisbury screen‐like cavity to a Gires‐Tournois‐like cavity. The trimming technology is further expanded by using an ns‐pulsed laser and on a flexible substrate, which implies this simple and reliable technology may promote the advancement and applications of structural color in security imaging, anti‐counterfeiting, color display, and printing.


(1966). Studies on the Constituents of Hemp Plant (Cannabis sativa L.) Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 619-620.


We assess the impact of different crowdfunding designs on the success of crowdfunded public goods using a lab-in-the-field experiment. Our design treatments aim to increase the efficiency of crowdfunding campaigns by raising aggregate contributions and decreasing possible coordination problems that may occur when potential donors are faced with a multitude of projects seeking contributions. Amongst others, we explore the potential of seed money and the impact of the attraction effect. Using a four-day time window we implement our crowdfunding experiment using a web-based user interface with multiple threshold public goods, similar in style to conventional crowdfunding websites. We find that such alternative crowdfunding designs affect efficiency via improving coordination, and not so much via affecting total contributions. These results are confirmed in a follow-up framed field experiment with actual nature conservation projects.


The literature highlights the importance of vegetation to enhance the ecological and visual qualities of streets and paths; however, when studies specifically focus on rural greenways they do not consider users' assessments of the planting design. This exploratory study aims to contribute to this issue. It is hypothesized that planting combinations characterized by greater variety and aesthetic flow may be more preferred and restorative. To this end, four virtual scenarios simulating bikers moving along a greenway at 25 km/h were created to find out the following: first, what kind of planting combination is the most preferred, and second, which planting combination is perceived as the most restorative by bicycle riders. To assess the experience, subjects were administered a questionnaire made up of: (i) the Perceived Restorativeness Scale-11 with additional items to assess compatibility, familiarity, and preference; (ii) a list of physical and aesthetic attributes; and (iii) information on bicycle use. The results show that participants' preferences were affected by the perception of the scenario's restorative value, which was not given exclusively by the degree of naturalness, but by the opportunity the greenway offered to engage in social/physical activities. This study shows that preference and restorativeness are not a "simple" matter of quantity of vegetation, but of quality instead, i.e., planting variety. Designers have to consider that the restorative value of greenways is related to the opportunities they offer to engage in physical/social activities.


Law No. 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes as amended by RI Law No. 20 of 2001 concerning Amendment to Law No. 31 of 1999 in its application can not be separated from the offense / elements of acts against the law. One of the elements in Corruption Crimes is the existence of actions which are detrimental to the State. From one of these elements, as a form of existence due to criminal acts of corruption is detrimental to the State. Furthermore, in the process of returning the State's finances, the Prosecutor's Office has an obligation to return the State through replacement money. In accordance with Article 4 of the Corruption Criminal Act, it is stated, "Restoring state losses does not eliminate the responsibility of the perpetrators of corruption". In the application of returning the State's financial losses in the trial by the Defendant in the field of criminal procedural law, it has a very effective and efficient role, because it makes the reasons for the Public Prosecutor and the Case Inspectorate to provide criminal charges and convictions which are made easier for the Defendant as in the case study of criminal case decisions. corruption no. 118 / Pid.Sus / 2013 / PN.Tipikor.Smg on January 27, 2013 and court decision number: 125 / Pid-Sus-TPK / 2014 / PN.Smg on February 16, 2015.
Keywords: Reduction of State Losses, Relieve, Criminal


One of the problems of modern mankind is environmental pollution. Issues related to waste disposal production and consumption are of great importance in ensuring environmental security not only of a particular region but of the entire planet as a whole. More than half of the plastic waste in the world is household waste. These include PET bottles, disposable tableware, and other different packaging products purchased in stores. Problems formation of a large amount of waste, not well-established the system of their separate collection makes it necessary to look for new approaches and methods to their decision. The relevance of the research topic and the degree of its scientific development give the basis for formulating a scientific problem as the need to develop and introduction of a new format of eco-shops "No packaging - zero waste". The methods of theoretical analysis and the graphical method were used in the work. Thanks to the method of theoretical analysis were studied statistical data on plastic waste pollution of the urban environment and the ecological situation in general. The essence of the graphical method was the analytical process of studying schemes of trade without disposable packaging and the technical development of the project.


Synopsis: The FLARE (FlowTriever Pulmonary Embolectomy Clinical Study) is a prospective, single-arm, multicenter trial in which 106 patients at 18 different US sites with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) were treated with percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy using the FlowTriever Retrieval/Aspiration System. The investigators found that the FlowTriever device met its primary effectiveness endpoint with a mean reduction in the right ventricular/left ventricular ratio at 48 hours of 0.38 (25.1%; P< 0.00010). Treated patients also had a small decrease in anatomic degree of thrombus (10% by modified Miller score), and those with pulmonary hypertension exhibited a 3.2 mmHg reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure (P< 0.0001). There were no cases of intracranial hemorrhage, device-related cardiac or pulmonary injury, or device-related deaths. This study introduces an additional modality for the treatment of intermediate to high–risk PE. The change in right ventricular/left ventricular ratio with FlowTriever embolectomy is similar to that noted with other trials investigating catheter-directed thrombolysis and better than that of anticoagulation alone. What sets this device apart from many of its predecessors is that it does not require thrombolytics, offering a safer option to patients with absolute or relative contraindications to systemic thrombolysis. FlowTriever has shown promising results in reducing early right ventricular strain in patients with intermediate-risk PE, but its place in the algorithm in the treatment of PE will more likely be for higher risk PE, especially when relative or absolute contraindications to thrombolysis exist. The long-term benefits for patients with intermediate-risk PE will require further study. Source: Tu T, Toma C, Tapson VF, et al. A prospective, single-arm, multicenter trial of catheter-directed mechanical thrombectomy for intermediate-risk acute pulmonary embolism: the FLARE study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2019:12.9:859–869.


The ever increasing compute capacity of high performance computing (HPC)
systems enables scientists to simulate and explore physical phenomena with an
enormous spatial and temporal accuracy. On the other hand, this accuracy leads
to datasets of many terabytes, petabytes, and even exabytes envisioning the up-
coming exascale area projected for 2018. To understand complex physical
coherences behind such a simulation, an efficient analysis and visualization is
essential but also difficult, since the challenges concern all stages of the visual-
ization pipeline. With this presentation we set the focus on distributed and
hybrid rendering.


OBJECTIVES
To investigate the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of an MDR Empedobacter falsenii strain isolated from a Chinese patient, which was phenotypically resistant to all last-line antibiotics (carbapenems, colistin and tigecycline).

METHODS
Species identity was determined by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The complete genome sequence of the isolate was determined by WGS and the genetic elements conferring antimicrobial resistance were determined. The origin of this strain was tracked by phylogenetic analysis.

RESULTS
The E. falsenii strain was genetically most closely related to an Empedobacter sp. strain isolated from the USA. Members of E. falsenii are speculated to be intrinsically resistant to colistin. The carbapenem resistance of this strain was conferred by a chromosomal blaEBR-2 variant gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the gene encoding the EBR β-lactamase was widely distributed in Empedobacter spp. Tigecycline resistance was mediated by a tet(X) variant gene encoded by a non-conjugative and non-typeable plasmid.

CONCLUSIONS
The MDR phenotype of the E. falsenii isolate was conferred by different mechanisms. Findings from us and others indicate that E. falsenii may serve as a reservoir for carbapenem and tigecycline resistance determinants.


Early and precise detection of diabetic retinopathy prevents vision impairments through computer-aided clinical procedures. Identifying the symptoms and processing those by using sophisticated clinical procedures reduces hemorrhage kind of risks. The input diabetic retinopathy images are influenced by using computer vision-based processes for segmentation and classification through feature extractions. In this article, a delimiting segmentation using knowledge learning (DS-KL) is introduced for classifying and detecting exudate regions by using varying histograms. The input image is identified for its histogram changes from the feature-dependent segmentation process. Depending on the training knowledge from multiple inputs with different exudate regions, the segmentation is performed. This segmentation identifies infected and noninfected regions across the delimiting pixel boundaries. The knowledge-learning process stores the newly identified exudate region for training and pixel correlation. The recurrent training improves the segmentation accuracy with precise detection and limited errors.


Effort were taken to compare the efficacy and phytotoxicity of bioagent B.bassiana Neem formulation and insecticide. Out of six treatment Monocrotophos 36 per cent SL @ 625 ml/ha and Beauveria bassiana 1.15 per cent WP (1x10 8 cfu/g min.) treatments @ 3000 and 2500 g/ha were effective to reducing leaf folder larval population on paddy crop and to increase the grain yield. All the treatments were non-phytotoxic to paddy crop and non-toxic to natural enemies in both the year. Beauveria bassiana 1.15 per cent WP applied @ 2500 g/ha dose was optimum to control leaf folder and to increase the yield. Based on the results of bioefficacy and grain yield, use of Beauveria bassiana 1.15 per cent WP @ 2500 g/ha is suggested for the effective management of leaf folder larvae on paddy crop.


An application of Bluetooth beacons is here proposed to perform real-time tracking of the locations and movements of airport staff through different monitored airport infrastructure elements, such as rooms, terminals or boarding gates. With respect to this, the aim is to provide an efficient location service of airport workers and users through an indoor tracking controller based on fuzzy logic. For this purpose, a mobile application and a Web service have been implemented. This location knowledge may be decisive while performing common airport procedures or managing airport resources, staff or emergency situations aiming at ensuring a short response time. Likewise, the proposed system integrates an operational module of coordination to facilitate the communications of users at the airport. Besides, particular attention has been paid to the security of communication between mobile devices and the Web service, both regarding secure authentication of users and protection of confidentiality of information exchanged between airport staff.


Effect of nitrogen fertilization upon the concentration of nitrate and ammonia nitrogen in subsurface drainage water was studied in a field experiment with different mineral nitrogen rates. Increased rates of applied mineral nitrogen led to higher average values of NO3--N concentration in drainage water. At the treatments with 100 and 150 kg ha-1 N, average nitrate nitrogen concentration was lower than 15 mgL-1 for all years. Maximum average concentration went up to 36.6 mgL-1 NO3--N at treatment with 300 kg ha-1 N. Results substantiate the importance of investigating the influence of different mineral nitrogen rates upon its leaching in the agroecological conditions of Croatia, notably in regions where intensive agricultural production is practised.


Sport at the beginning of the 21st century is understood as one of the most representative sociocultural phenomena, supported by plural meanings and purposes, taking place in different settings and encouraging the participation of different social classes. For the same reason, it is possible to affirm that sport is a heritage of humanity, considering that its emergence was generated based on symbolic representations, built on the relationship between man throughout its historicity1.


If the forced separation of children from their Aboriginal families was well-intentioned, what might ill intentions look like?

The modern Australian political era has several highlights for Aboriginal rights, such as the 1967 referendum, when goodwill led to meaningful change. Faludi (1992) wrote that women as a group are forced to fight the same battles over and over again (for example, reproductive rights) even when the right has ostensibly been won. Aboriginal human rights gains are similarly undermined. This is explained as a result of post-colonial reluctance to relinquish power, including among people of goodwill. Bona fides ignorance is wheeled out to excuse centuries of policy failures. The evident intention to exploit land, labour and capital - Economics 101, as endorsed by all Australian governments - is carried out without reasonable negotiation with traditional owners; and without articulating the assumption that all profit is a national good. Undue influence and unconscionable conduct, as contract law breaches, are not regularly tested in the context of Aboriginal rights. Yet Aboriginal leaders of the first-contact era did not cede the rights and interests associated with their custodial responsibilities; and poverty and ill-health stem directly from Aboriginal peoples' dispossession from the land, its resources, and each other.

The danger of insisting that damaging practices were founded on good intentions is that we will fail to recognise current and future policies that will further damage Aboriginal communities. Here I conflate two typical questions asked by non-Aboriginal Australians. "What can I do?" (bona fides) and "What's it got to do with me?" (mal fides) are employed to identify the purpose of intentional ignorance: to resist pressures to relinquish power and extend rights.


This research presents recently introduced approach by authors of the Ecological-Economic (Eco-Eco) modelling using the Intensity of Erosion and Outflow (IntErO) model for the assessment of soil erosion intensity and the impacts of different land covers on sediment yield. The Eco-Eco modelling approach has been applied in one of the sub-basins of the River Lim in the Northeast Montenegro: Bijeli Potok River Basin (2.9 km). Land use scenarios were simulated in the model aiming to define the optimal scenario of agricultural production. The Ecological (Eco-) modeling demonstrated that the real soil loss under current conditions is 307.16 m3yr (105.91 per km). If agricultural production is intensified, introducing the seed potato production on 4.4 ha of the studied river basin, the model calculated a soil loss of 312.96 m3yr as sediment yield (107.91 per km). The negative effects (caused with the intensification of agricultural production) were decreased using the measure of afforestation balancing with the identical surface of 3 ha (from meadows to forests). The model calculated that afforestation would result in a decrease of sediment yield to 306.46 m3yr (105.67 per km). The Economic (-Eco) modeling revealed that the investment (total cost) of €3,385 per hectare is needed for the establishment of the intensive agricultural – seed potato production. Market value of the final product is calculated to be €8,500 per hectare annually (yield of 17 tons per hectare); Profit €5,115; Net profit: €4,558. As an integral part of Eco-Eco modelling, the investment for the protection of the area with afforestation (implemented through the Government measures). Farmers should strive to get economic benefits, while respecting at the same time sustainable ecological and in this specific case: river basin watershed


This paper analysis the skin color detection mode in Face Detection.For the current widespread use of YCbCr color space has the shortcoming of background color interference,in order to improve the skin detection face detection rate and detection speed,the paper proposes an improving approach which combined the RGB distribution ratio of the face color with the traditional components of YCbCr space,based on this,YCrCg plane was drawn,skin color component was extracted,and the Gaussian density function estimation and statistical methods were introduced to build the histogram color models so that the non - skin color region was accurately separated.After determining the scope of the face region,the lip color image information was extracted,and taking into account the rotation angle of the human face,the detected human face image area was obtained.Based on the human face color gallery of the simulation results show that the skin detection model has good results.


In this paper, curves of AW(k)-type in isotropic space 13 I are defined. Using Frenet frames in isotropic space , 13 I curvature conditions of AW(k)-type curves are given. In addition, new characterizations of Bertrand and Mannheim curves are obtained.


Eccentrically braced frames (EBF) with detachable short links are an efficient solution for buildings in seismic areas owing to their high energy dissipation capacity and ductility and ease of repair in the earthquake aftermath. Past studies revealed that short links can develop shear overstrength (i.e. Vu/Vp, where Vu is the ultimate shear strength and Vp the corresponding plastic resistance) larger than the value recommended in EC8 [1] (i.e. Vu/Vp =1.5). One of the factors causing the higher shear overstrength is the presence of axial restraints that leads to the development of tensile forces in the link at large levels of rotation. Another reason for higher shear overstrength is the composite slab that can resist the shear distortion together with the short link. Within the DUAREM project [2], full scale pseudo-dynamic experimental tests were carried out on 3D EBF allowing thus the investigation of replaceable links considering two arrangements: (i) steel solution – the link was uncoupled from the slab (ii) composite solution – the slab and link are connected. The aim of this paper is to present the results of finite element analyses (FEAs), based on calibrated models and the comparison between the obtained results and the experimental tests performed by [2]. The numerical investigation carried out aims to evaluate the shear overstrength and the level of axial force in the link for both tested configurations.


Different demographics, e.g., gender or age, can demonstrate substantial variation in their language use, particularly in informal contexts such as social media. In this paper we focus on learning gender differences in the use of subjective language in English, Spanish, and Russian Twitter data, and explore cross-cultural differences in emoticon and hashtag use for male and female users. We show that gender differences in subjective language can effectively be used to improve sentiment analysis, and in particular, polarity classification for Spanish and Russian. Our results show statistically significant relative F-measure improvement over the gender-independent baseline 1.5% and 1% for Russian, 2% and 0.5% for Spanish, and 2.5% and 5% for English for polarity and subjectivity classification.


A trait measure of psychological risk for problem gambling was submitted to validation in a random sample telephone survey across Queensland, Australia (N = 2,577). The instrument consists of 4 traits that represent motivations for gambling, including: Escape, Esteem, Excitement and Excess. By design, none of the 40 items on the scale explicitly refers to gambling activities. Results from the survey showed that the 4 traits predicted gambling problems as measured by the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI, Ferris and Wynne, 2001). In addition, the scale reliably distinguished between persons who had gambling problems, and others who had exclusive alcohol abuse problems. The 4 traits can provide a basis for further study in harm minimization, treatment and theory development.


Surface morphology transition processes(ordered flat→disordered flat→rough)on GaAs(001)surface were studied using scanning tunneling microscope and reflection high energy electron diffraction.We found that changes of Arsenic beam equivalent pressure and temperature were the main reason of the evolution of surface morphology transition.Atoms recombination were caused by high temperature which resulting in surface reconstruction changed,which was the main internal mechanism and played key role during the process of surface morphology transition on GaAs(001)surface.The surface morphology which consists of uniform surface reconstruction or one reconstruction hold absolute majority was in the state of ordered flat;and the surface morphology which mixed by multiple reconstructions was in disordered flat;when the surface reconstruction was difficult to distinguish,which surface morphology was in rough state.During our experiments we have an interesting discovery that the state of disordered flat should disappear at the processes of surface morphology transition on GaAs(001)surface while temperature and Arsenic beam equivalent pressure were high enough.


The utility model relates to a voltage source DC deicing and static synchroballistic device comprising at least one basic convertor unit; the basic converter unit comprises a connection reactor Ls, a modularized multi-level converter MMC using a full bridge submodule, knife switches K1-K4, and smoothing reactors Ld1 and Ld2; the voltage source DC deicing and static synchroballistic device can satisfy deicing needs of power transmission lines of various voltage levels; a switching method of different function modes and a control method of the voltage source DC deicing and static synchroballistic device can satisfy safe and fast deicing of various lines, no harmonic pollution is caused to an access point, and dynamic reactive power compensation can be provided for the access point; the voltage source DC deicing and static synchroballistic device can apply to a novel constructed DC deicing project, can be used for upgrading reconstruction of a DC deicing device of a constructed DC deicing project, thus having wide application prospect.


A novel and simple all-hollow-waveguide lens-free system for mid-infrared CO/sub 2 /laser (10.6 /spl mu/m) delivery into precise tissue area is presented. It includes a grazing-incidence-based uncoated hollow glass taper for direct laser-to-waveguide coupling and a multilayer hollow delivery waveguide.


Objective The Majorana demonstrator will operate at liquid Nitrogen temperatures to ensure optimal spectrometric performance of its High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector modules. In order to transfer the heat load of the detector module, the Majorana demonstrator requires a cooling system that will maintain a stable liquid nitrogen temperature. This cooling system is required to transport the heat from the detector chamber outside the shield. One approach is to use the two phase liquid-gas equilibrium to ensure constant temperature. This cooling technique is used in a thermosyphon. The thermosyphon can be designed so the vaporization/condensing process transfers heat through the shield while maintaining a stable operating temperature. A prototype of such system has been built at PNNL. This document presents the experimental results of the prototype and evaluates the heat transfer performance of the system. The cool down time, temperature gradient in the thermosyphon, and heat transfer analysis are studied in this document with different heat load applied to the prototype.