Satellite-communication effectiveness evaluation is one of the key issues in the field of satellite communication links for satellite operation, maintenance, and emergency communication. However, conventional model-based calculation methods require accurate meteorological parameters, thus not applicable to practical engineering problems. In this paper, a hybrid method, combing direct calculation and equilibrium approximation, is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of a satellite communication system, with distributed multi-node receiver stations on the earth. Especially, the proposed equilibrium approximation approach is resilient to meteorological factors. Field tests corroborate the feasibility of this new method for real-world problems.


It's aimed to evaluate the survival and growth of native species in the period of 20 months, in a recovering planting of a degraded area in Vicosa, Minas Gerais. The


CSA cements are prepared by mixing CSA clinker with d fferent amounts of a calcium sulfate set regulator such as gypsum (CaSO 4·2H2O), bassanite (CaSO 4·1⁄2H2O), or anhydrite (CaSO 4), or mixtures of them. It is possible to modify the hydr ation process of CSA cements not only by its composition, but also by the selection of different quantities or sources of calcium sulfate [2,3]. The dissolution rate of the sulfate source is a key point to control the reactions during the hydratio n of CSA cements, and hence the mechanical properties of the corresponding pastes and mortars. The solubility of bassanite in water (0.88 g/100 mL) is 3-4 times larger than that for gypsum or anhydrite and hence, all the reactions start quickl y, showing initial setting times as short as 20 min , which do not allow the preparation of homogeneous s amples, with the consequent dramatic effect onto their mechanical strength values. However, the setting time can be controlled through the addition of small amounts of different additives/re ta ders.


At present, digital control solutions are becoming more attractive than analog implementations in some power converter applications owing to easy design of complex control strategies and control reconfigurability. This paper proposes and validates the digital implementation of an asynchronous linear-non-linear (LnL) compensator to improve the dynamic response of interleaved buck converters. It is important to highlight that the same digital LnL compensator is able to keep the dynamic response even with a very important variation of the power stage parameters, such as the output filter or the switching frequency.


We aimed to evaluate the cyto- and genotoxicity of Cookie and Vanilla artificial synthetic food flavorings at doses 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mL, used in association  as the following treatments: 0.3 + 0.3 mL; 0.6 + 0.6 mL; and 0.9 + 0.9 mL. The assay was conducted using meristematic root cells of Allium cepa L., with exposure times of 24 and 48 h. After fixation, hydrolysis, and staining of root meristems, a total 5000 cells were analyzed under light microscopy for assessment of each control and exposure time. All studied associations, at both exposure times, showed a significant decrease in cell division. Treatments also showed a statistically significant increase in number of alterations in the mitotic spindle and micronuclei of cells from the studied tissue. Thus, food flavorings Cookie and Vanilla, when used in association and under the experimental conditions adopted in our study, are both cyto- and genotoxic to meristematic root cells of A. cepa.


Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and sauger (S. canadense) commonly yield four isozymes of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in electropherograms of white muscle extracts from individual homozygous fish. The heat stability of each isozyme as well as reactivity with nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and NAD analogues have been investigated by measuring the density of each isozyme directly on the electropherograms, after the usual specific staining procedure that links malate oxidation to tetrazolium dye reduction. At least two kinds of supernatant and one kind of mitochondrial MDH in individual fish of each species was demonstrated.Relative abundance of the various isozymes varies with the tissue of origin. In liver, only one heat stable isozyme is observed in both species, and it is likely constituted mainly of supernatant MDH. In heart tissue four isozymes are observed and the liver supernatant form also predominates. In white muscle the two kinds of supernatant MDH appear to be synthesized in compa...


Let me give you some figures: The value of cash in circulation in relation to GDP has decreased steadily from approximately 10 per cent in 1950 to around 1.5 per cent today. Over the past decade even the nominal amount of cash in circulation has decreased, which is quite unique. The decrease has been substantial, between the peak in 2007 to 2016 the number of outstanding notes and coins decreased by more than a third. Most of this


In this paper, an attitude controller based on L2-gain stabilization is proposed for a combined spacecraft, consisting of a server spacecraft, non-cooperative target and manipulators as the connection. Firstly, consuming that the connection between the server and target spacecraft is fixed, a novel modeling method based on interaction torque for the attitude dynamics of combination system is investigated. Then, a robust L2-gain stabilized attitude controller without spacecraft inertia parameters is proposed. Finally, numerical simulations verifies the effectiveness and superior performance of the resulting controller.


Objective:To investigate the effects of reactive oxygen species on apoptosis of HepG2 induced by arsenic trioxide by use of the Mn(Ⅲ) TBAP can specificly eliminate ROS in cells.Methods:Different concentration(2、4 and 8μmol/L) of arsenic trioxide and Mn(Ⅲ) TBAP were used to treat the HepG2 cells.The experiment were divided into three groups:the control group,different concentration of arsentic trioxide group and arsentic trioxide combinated Mn(Ⅲ) TBAP group.MTT assay was used to examine the cell growth inhibitory rate,Laser sanning confocal microscope(LSCM) was used to examine the variation of reactive oxygen species and AnnexinV/PI double labeling FCM was used to determine cell apoptotic rate.Results:Cell growth inhibitory rate of each group was higher than control group(p0.05) when the concentration of arsentic trioxide is higher than 1μmol/L and Cell growth inhibitory rate was increased following increasing the concentration of arsentic trioxide and extending the action time(p0.05).The level of ROS was markedly inceased and much higher than control group(p0.05) when different concentration(2、4 and 8μmol/L) of arsenic trioxide were used to treat the HepG_2 cells.Forepart apoptotic rate were increased(p0.05) following the raised of the concentration of arsenic trioxide and the extention of action time.fuethermore,both higher than the control group and arsentic trioxide combinated Mn(Ⅲ) TBAP group,the control group was higher than rsentic trioxide combinated Mn(Ⅲ) TBAP group.Conclusion: More reactive oxygen species was produced when rsentic trioxide were used to treat the HepG_2 cells and the level of ROS improved the sensibility of rsentic trioxide inducing HepG_2 to apoptosis.


Layer-wise mixed-precision quantization (MPQ) has become prevailing for edge inference since it strikes a better balance between accuracy and efficiency compared to the uniform quantization scheme. Existing MPQ strategies either lacked hardware awareness or incurred huge computation costs, which gated their deployment at the edge. In this work, we propose a novel MPQ search algorithm that obtains an optimal scheme by "sampling" layer-wise sensitivity with respect to a newly proposed metric that incorporates both accuracy and proxy of hardware cost. To further efficiently deploy post-training MPQ on edge chips, we propose to tightly integrate the quantized inference units as part of the processor pipeline through micro-architecture and Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) co-design. Evaluation results show that the proposed search algorithm achieves 3% ~ 11% higher inference accuracy with similar hardware cost compared to the state-of-the-art MPQ strategies. In addition, the tightly integrated MPQ units achieve speedup of 15.13x ~ 29.65x compared to a baseline RISC-V processor.


The study of growth of groups has a long and remarkable history spanning over much of the twentieth century, and goes back to Hilbert, Poincare, Ahlfors, etc. In 1968 it became apparent that all known classes of groups have either polynomial or exponential growth, and John Milnor formally asked whether groups of intermediate growth exist. The first such examples were introduced by the first author two decades ago [4] (see also [3, 5]), and since then there has been an explosion in the number of works on the subject. While new techniques and application have been developed, much of the literature remains rather specialized, accessible only to specialists in the area. This paper is an attempt to present the material in an introductory manner, to the reader familiar with only basic algebraic concepts. We concentrate on study of the first construction, a finitely generated group G introduced by the first author to resolve Milnor's question, and which became a prototype for further developments. Our Main Theorem shows that G has intermediate growth, i.e. superpolynomial and subexponential. Our proof is neither the shortest nor gives the best possible bounds. Instead, we attempt to simplify the presentation as much as possible by breaking the proof into a number of propositions of independent interest, supporting lemmas, and exercises. Along the way we prove two 'bonus' theorems: we show that G is periodic (every element has a finite order) and give a nearly linear time algorithm for the word problem in G. We hope that the beginner readers now have an easy time entering the field and absorbing what is usually viewed as unfriendly material. Let us warn the reader that this paper neither gives a survey nor presents a new proof of the Main Theorem. We refer to extensive survey articles [1, 2, 6] and a recent


First Amendment issues of our time. T Lili Levi is a professor of law at the University of Miami School of Law. She earned an A.B. from Bryn Mawr College in 1977 and a J.D. in 1981 from Harvard Law School. She then worked in New York as a litigation associate with the law firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison and as Broadcast Counsel with CBS Inc. before joining the University of Miami law faculty in 1987. Her scholarship focuses primarily on communications and media law, including articles on media reform and various types of FCC content regulation. Professor Levi teaches communications law, copyright law, international copyright law and business associations law, and has taught defamation and privacy law. She is a member of the American Law Institute.


Birth is one of the processes that every woman will go through after pregnancy, many risks are faced from birth failure to death of the baby and mother. One of the methods for reducing this risk is by Caesarean section, but before doing this, medical personnel or obstetricians need medical records from the patient before making the decision, from this analysis Machine Learning (ML) is needed to analyze whether Caesar is needed or not for the candidate. mother to give birth. The data used in analyzing the prediction of Caesarean birth with external data which consists of 32 attributes totaling 3602 are then tested with the Decision Tree, Random Forest, and XGBoost models then compared which one has the highest performance of each model with the overall data and selected data then tested with the model SHAP to see which features are highest in Caesar's predictions. The test results using all the features show that Random Forest (0.86) achieves the highest accuracy. However, using selected features such as Age, Duration until the next pregnancy in days, and Obesity has the highest accuracy, namely XGBoost (0.85). Finally, in the SHAP model, the highest feature of the 32 features is ICD10O82 (Contractions but without any indication) and ICD10O80 (Infection of the female reproductive organs). From the results of testing with the ML model and it is also seen that the very domain features are used as a guideline for cesarean prediction decision-makers.


Since the introduction of the iPhone in June, 2007, Apple has placed restrictions on how users and developers can utilize the device. While Apple's regulation, testing and approval of all software that can be placed on the iPhone has helped ensure safety and adherence to standards, it has also limited the capabilities of the iPhone and prevented access to certain types of software. While the marketplace reacted favorably to the iPhone App Store 1 and the restrictions it engendered, not everyone was happy with this state of affairs. The response almost from the beginning has been for some users and developers to find ways to circumvent Apple's software restrictions in a process known as "Jailbreaking". In what has come resemble an arms race, each new iPhone software release destroys the jailbreaking methods that existed prior to its release, while hackers race to come up with new methods to jailbreak the phones. Apple claims that in addition to voiding their warranties, users that jailbreak their phones are opening themselves up security and reliability problems. Jailbreaking proponents insist that such claims are exaggerated. We will attempt to test these claims by implementing a malware program on a jailbroken iPhone/iPod Touch that will allow for outside access to all of a user's personal data.


This study was conducted to investigate the relationships among team individuality-relatedness, cognitive flexibility and team creativity. A total of 313 engineering college students who organized 64 teams were assessed on individuality-relatedness scale, cognitive flexibility scale, and team creativity. Relatedness and cognitive flexibility had significant main effects on team creativity. There was a significant interaction between individuality and cognitive flexibility to explain team creativity beyond individuality alone. Finally, limitations of this study and suggestions for future studies were discussed.


Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) are not easy to use because they require parameter tunings to achieve good solutions and performance for an arbitrary complex problem. This paper introduces a MOEA with adaptive population size, self-adaptive crossover and self-adaptive mutation for automating the process of adjusting parameter values to make the MOEA simple to use. The new MOEA is built on the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and named as Adaptable NSGA-II (ANSGA-II). Simulation results on 13 multi-objective problems demonstrate that the ANSGA-II out-performs the NSGA-II in terms of finding diverse non-dominated solutions and converging to the true Pareto-optimal front.


【Objective】To observe the expression of heat shock protein 70(HSP_(70)) in hepatoma cell line H22 and to investigate the effect of Herba Hedyotis Diffusae(HHD) on its expression.【Methods】The tumor-bearing model mice were induced by intraperitoneal inoculation of cultured H22 cells and then were divided into four groups: model group,HHD group,Radix Codonopsis group and heat shock group.The in-vivo expression of HSP_(70) in ascitic H22 cells of different groups was detected by immunohistochemical method.【Results】HSP_(70) expression in HHD group and heat shock group was higher than that in the model group(P0.05 or P0.01).The difference of HSP_(70) expression between Radix Codonopsis group and the model group was insignificant(P0.05).【Conclusion】HHD has an anti-tumor effect and its mechanism is probably related to the induction of HSP_(70) expression and to the increase of immunogenicity in hepatoma cell line H22.


The aim of rural vocational education and farmer training is to enhance the quality of rural labourers and scientific level of agricultural production and to promote transfer of rural labourers.The paper puts forward some suggestions for rural vocational education and farmer training by analyzing the situation and problems in rural vocational education and farmer training in Guizhou.


This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity of the proposed biosimilar HS628 compared with the reference tocilizumab (Actemra®) and also to demonstrate similar safety and immunogenicity profiles in healthy Chinese male subjects. Eighty eligible subjects were randomized into two treatment groups in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single intravenous infusion of HS628 or tocilizumab at 4 mg/kg over 60 min. Blood samples were collected at the scheduled time points for PK and immunogenicity analysis. PK biosimilarity was determined using the standard bioequivalence criteria 80%–125%. A total of 77 subjects received the study drug and completed the study. The main PK parameters were similar for the test and reference groups. The ratio of geometric least‐squares means (GMR) and its 90% CIs for AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, and Cmax between the test group and reference group were 1.06 (1.00–1.12), 1.07 (1.00–1.14), and 1.04 (0.99–1.10), respectively, which were fully within the predefined bioequivalent range of 80%–125%. The incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was similar for HS628 and tocilizumab (p > 0.05). The most common TEAEs were decreased fibrinogen, decreased neutrophils, pharyngalgia, oral ulcer, decreased leukocytes, and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The results of the present study provide strong evidence to support the PK similarity and bioequivalence of HS628 and tocilizumab. The safety and immunogenicity profiles of HS628 were also shown to be similar to those of the reference tocilizumab.


Abstract Introduction Endodontically treated teeth are usually affected by extensive structure loss requiring the use of intraradicular posts to provide retention and restoration. Objective An in vitro assessment was performed on the bonding of glass fiber posts to the root dentin. Material and method Ninety (n = 10) single bovine roots were used in a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial study with subdivided plots: post customization varying the presence and type of resin (without customization, conventional resin, and Bulk Fill resin), light-curing device (Valo, Radii-Cal, Rainbow), and root third (cervical, middle, and apical). Result For the customization factor, Tukey's test (5%) showed the superiority of the Bulk Fill (8.16 MPa) and Z350 (7.40 MPa) groups compared to the control group (4.92 MPa), without differing from each other. All light-curing devices differed, showing the superiority of Valo (9.36 MPa), Radii (6.96 MPa) as an intermediate, and the inferiority of Rainbow (4.17 MPa). The cervical root third (7.81 MPa) was superior, the apical third was inferior (5.80 MPa), and the middle third (6.88 MPa) was an intermediate without differing from the others. Conclusion The customization of glass fiber posts increases the bond strength to the root dentin, regardless of the resin used. There was a compromise in the apical third and when using light-curing devices with lower light intensity.


This paper aims to understand whether traditional management accounting tools (e.g. financial statement, reclassification and contribution margin analysis) contribute to foster dialogue and innovation in business networks composed of SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises). Through the analysis of a case study, the paper focuses on a contractual network operating in the paper&print sector in Italy. Framing the analysis in the Simons' construct (1990 and 1995), who distinguishes between diagnostic and interactive controls, the paper provides insights on the use of management control in inter-organizational settings, arguing that the traditional accounting tools can play an innovative role in network success. The contribution of the paper is on the ongoing debate on which functions, accounting information and MCSs (management control systems) may play in networks. In particular, findings shed light on the need to adapt the distinction between "diagnostic" and "interactive" in the network setting, given the horizontal and non-hierarchical relationships between the units involved.


Pathological investigation for addressing abnormal or precancerous cells in cervix specimens is necessary to diagnose or treat. This process is exhaustive in histologic examination and requires experienced pathologists. Detecting the presence of precancerous cells with bioimpedance is another method to help pathologists by using a small-diameter probe to measure the impedance. However, it requires several measurements and is possibly another exhaustive task. This study proposed the localization of abnormal cells in a specimen using reconstruction images with Frequency-difference Electrical Impedance Tomography (fdEIT). Due to the various shape of specimens in practice, a new approach to cope with modeling error was also proposed to enable using a generic inversion model in the reconstruction process. Simulation of cervix specimens with different orifice shapes and thicknesses was performed. The proposed method was compared with the traditional methods i.e. the simple-fdEIT and the weighted-fdEIT. Amplitude response, radius, position error and ringing ratio of the reconstruction images were determined. The image reconstruction of the proposed method showed superior performance in localization. Although the image amplitude response was smaller, the artifacts that occurred due to modeling error were significantly reduced. Even though the shape of cervix specimens is varied, the proposed method allows to use a generic model for precancerous cells localization. The influence of modeling error can be reduced. Consequentially, the ringing artifact can be significantly reduced and the position error is also slightly reduced.


Implemented software and database for the research of user identification, based on handwritten signature, stamped with a tablet. Base of signatures collected for a future research. Formed and isolated characteristics for authentication. The obtained results allow produce the implementations of the system for identify the user by their signatures. Process of identification will be based on combination of approaches using mathematical statistics and artificial neural networks.


The problem of identifying the position and location of immiscible or miscible layers is a critical issue in methods of carbon dioxide injection for oil producing bodies. Accurate knowledge of the position could lead to an ability to control the position of the carbon dioxide front affecting production, efficiency, economy, and, in the end, profitability. The approach of studying the progress of carbon dioxide in reservoirs using ultrasound is new and may lead to unique and powerful ways of monitoring the position of carbon dioxide, as well as visualizing the reality of the oil producing area. Firstly in this paper, some basic experiments to investigate the acoustic properties in many situations are described. These experiments include the ultrasound reflection properties of stationary water-air, water-oil, air-oil, oil-oil interfaces, as well as those of moving interfaces. Secondly, experiments of ultrasound reflection properties in porous mediums combined with air, water and oil are described. These experiments include reflection of air-water interfaces in porous mediums, oil-water interfaces in porous mediums, and air-oil interfaces in porous mediums. Thirdly, measures of digital signal processing are introduced to obtain position information of interfaces in porous mediums and improve the resolution and accuracy of the location. Ultrasound has many advantages as a tool in underground probing, such as small size, low power consumption and safety.


OBJECTIVE
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease in the elderly and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Tra2β is a protein that has been found to activate PI3K/Akt in recent years. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective effects of Tra2β on chondrocytes and its mechanisms.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The expression of Tra2β in knee cartilage tissue of patients with OA and normal people was compared. In addition, human primary chondrocytes were cultured, the expression of Tra2β in chondrocytes by cell transfection was changed, and its effects on extracellular matrix, inflammation, and apoptosis in chondrocytes were examined. LY294002 was also used to inhibit the activity of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to verify the mechanism of Tra2β to protect chondrocytes.

RESULTS
The expression of Tra2β in the cartilage tissue of the OA group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the IL-1β-induced chondrocytes also expressed the lower Tra2β. The overexpression of Tra2β increased the expression of extracellular matrix collagen II and decreased the expressions of MMP3/13, inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α), and apoptotic factors (caspase3/9, Bax). In addition, the overexpression of Tra2β also increased expression and phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. However, LY294002 attenuated the protective effect of Tra2β on chondrocytes by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

CONCLUSIONS
Tra2β activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, reduces the degradation of extracellular matrix of chondrocytes, reduces the level of inflammation and apoptosis of chondrocytes, and thus, plays a role in the treatment of OA.


Photosensitizers utilized in photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be exited with light of any wavelengths matching their absorption bands. Thus, superficial lesions, such as those involved in cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) might be treated with a light of shorter wavelength than red despite the smaller penetration depth in tissue. We review basic aspects of PDT and some investigations related to the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of different wavelength mainly applied to superficial lesions, and highlight the benefits of the use of violet light and cellular spheroids as a PDT dosage model. Our previous results from spheroids of cervix carcinoma cells, suggest that the violet light from a LED source is appropriate for performing PDT of neoplastic lesions involving about 300 μm in depth. In this work we present a high fluence light source emitting at 420 nm and apply it to perform PDT treatment of a HeLa cell tumor model implanted in BALB/c nude mice. The photodynamic reaction is inferred from the fluorescence evolution measured at the tumor and the temperature evolution of the treated surface. Violet LED light could be a promising alternative for treating CINs involving superficial dysplasia, with reduced side effects.


One hundred twenty-four full-blooded Indians in the Upper Usumacintla Valley and the Yucatan Peninsula were grouped and all of these with the exception of 2 were found to be group O.


The dinoflagellates Karenia mikimotoi (toxic) and Prorocentrum donghaiense (non-toxic) have caused serious blooms in Chinese coastal waters. Although many studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying the harmful algal blooms of these two species, research on bacterial communities associated with K. mikimotoi and P. donghaiense is still limited. In this study, the composition of associated bacterial communities of K. mikimotoi and P. donghaiense were investigated in cultured strains. The genera with the highest relative abundance in K. mikimotoi and P. donghaiense cultures were Balneola and Marinobacter respectively. There were 26 genera specifically present in K. mikimotoi cultures, including Alteromonas, Methylophaga and Thalassospira. Sixteen genera were specifically present in P. donghaiense cultures, including an unclassified genus belonging to Nannocystaceae, Loktanella and Roseivirga. Various aromatic hydrocarbons capable of degrading bacteria were detected in the K. mikimotoi culture, but not in the P. donghaiense culture; this may contribute to the toxicity or toxin synthesis of K. mikimotoi. The results of this study provide further insights into bloom formation mechanisms and elucidate the different characteristics of K. mikimotoi and P. donghaiense blooms.


In this theoretical article we discuss the notions of company resources and legitimacy to explain the strategic efficiency of organizations. As its main contribution, starting from the current trend towards a resource-based view (RBV) and the new institutional theory (NIT), we propose an alternative relational and interpretative perspective, called a legitimate resource-based view, which allows for an understanding of the inter-subjectivity and dynamics present in the strategy preparation process in organizations.


With the significant growth in Aviation in India, Airports Authority of India being the mainstay of civil aviation plays a vital role in managing, upgrading and modernizing its airports throughout the country. Airports Authority of India being a public sector undertaking under Ministry of civil Aviation, Govt. of India controls and manages about 126 airports of the country. There are about 18,000, employees working in various airports all over the country .Bhubaneswar Airport named after legendary hero and son of the soil Late Biju Patnaik, is one of the major non-metro airport of the country. Recently the airport has been upgraded and modernized to world class standard and declared as international airport. A case study on job satisfaction was made on the employees of this airport who are working at different levels and handling various responsibilities. The job satisfaction based on existing practices in the organization like pay & perks, social security benefits, sanction of advances, work environment, Stress at workplace, HR policies, gender equality and management responsibility was examined by conducting sampling survey among the employees working at this airport. The data thus obtained was analyzed by using standard statistical method and findings were made. A comparison was made between the employees working in various groups of employees and co relation between different job satisfaction parameters was established and finally conclusion was drawn. The findings of this study provides valuable insights for the management towards overhauling its HR policy and overcome the shortcomings towards motivation of its employee to achieve better performance in the organizational need and face the challenges ahead.


Through building of the period-cost PERT net model,it adjust the construction continuity and get the resolution through genetic algorithm,which solves the optimal issue of lowest cost and shortest construction period.Through the analysis,it shows this method suits large and middle engineering network optimization.


In this paper, finite-time boundedness and stabilization problems for a class of switched linear systems with time-varying exogenous disturbances are studied. Firstly, the concepts of finite-time stability and finite-time boundedness are extended to switched linear systems. Then, based on matrix inequalities, some sufficient conditions under which the switched linear systems are finite-time bounded and uniformly finite-time bounded are given. Moreover, to solve the finite-time stabilization problem, stabilizing controllers and a class of switching signals are designed. The main results are proven by using the multiple Lyapunov-like functions method, the single Lyapunov-like function method and the common Lyapunov-like function method, respectively. Finally, three examples are employed to verify the efficiency of the proposed methods.


Purpose – The study aims to provide insights into the changing nature and dynamics of business model innovation in India over the last decade.Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a unique hand‐collected data set of 95 observations that mentioned business model innovation in India in the financial press between 2001 and 2008. The study analyses business model innovation trends across industries, firm types and newness of innovation.Findings – First, with time the percentage share of business model innovations by new entrants has been increasing. Second, new entrants increasingly attempt efficiency improvements while targeting novel ways of meeting customer needs, whilst incumbents predominantly adopt efficiency‐based business models. Third, over the period of the authors' study, there was a clear shift in business model innovation away from IT‐related industries towards consumer goods, media and financial services. Fourth, new entrants introduced new‐to‐industry, whereas incumbents introduced new‐...


Abstract - Accuracy and numerical stability of three finite element schemes are thoroughly investigated in numerical experiments for convection-diffusion problems. The aim of this study is to develop robust and accurate solvers for CFD problems. Least-squares approach with standard and stabilized finite element methods is under consideration. The schemes are compared from the viewpoint of their approximation properties and sensitivity to the smoothness of the initial data in a wide range of the Péclet numbers. In particular, the correlation between the error of the method, the mesh size, and the Péclet number is studied for all three schemes. The results reveal new interesting properties of these finite element schemes, which can be useful for their further development.


Good character values need to be possessed by students at the University. Based on the Regulation of Rector, No. 19 Year 2016, UNNES has 12 Ethics, namely: science for truth, academic freedom, harmony, responsibility, honesty, justice, caring, exemplary, discipline, politeness, non-discrimination, and mutual respect. China is known to have a good character education from elementary school to university level. So, we need a collaboration work with a university in China, namely: Guangxi Normal University (GXNU). Partner Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Guo Yuanbing. The problem: What character values are integrated into the learning process of mathematics at GXNU? The method of research: Qualitative approach. The research subjects of Local Students of GXNU were selected. The main activities in GXNU: Observation, interviews, triangulation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) in GXNU, guided by Prof. Dr. Guo Yuanbing. The results (1) The character values that found and grown in GXNU were as follows: Prosperity, Democracy, Civility, Harmony, Freedom, Equality, Justice, Rule of Law, Patriotism, Dedication, Integrity, and Friendship. (2) Lecturer of Mathematics Education of GXNU was given the freedom to apply some or all of the values of character into teaching and learning activities; Character values were not explicitly added into the Lesson Plan of a Math lecturer in GXNU; Violations of the application of character values were left entirely to the lecturer concerned with the support of the institution.


In this paper, we have carried out detailed technical and economic assessment of perovskite solar cells for large scale manufacturing. For ultra-small area of the order of 0.1 cm2, efficiency of 20% or so are reported. However, for area of 25 cm2, the efficiency is about 10%. Based on the photovoltaic module manufacturing requirements of no constraint on the supply of raw materials, low variability of every key process and process-induced defects, low cost of manufacturing, prospects for further cost reduction in the future, green manufacturing, and long-term reliability, there are absolutely no prospects of manufacturing
perovskite solar cells. No one has commercialized perovskite solar cells. Thus, contrary to hype in the literature, there is no truth that perovskite solar cells will replace silicon solar cells. We have also examined the role of perovskite solar cells for increasing the efficiency of silicon solar cells and found unsuitable both for two and four terminal device architectures.


Reperfusion injury (RI) has significant local and systemic consequences. Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) modulates RI and the innate immune response. This study examined whether IPC attenuates RI‐mediated changes in lymphocyte populations and function following elective surgery.


A worn driver gear of the side speed-reducer used in a heavy-loaded tracked vehicle was remanufactured with Fe-Mn-C metastable austenitic coating fabricated by laser cladding.However,such coatings turn hard and ductile due to strain-induced martensitic phase transformation in the surface layer,which make them difficult to machine.An electrochemical grinding method was investigated.An improved special electrochemical grinding machine and an electrolyte were developed,and the processing parameter was optimized.This method is proved to be suitable and efficient for the grinding of hard and ductile tooth surface.Eighteen surfaces of nine tooth were machined to the roughness(Ra)=0.4 μm~ 0.2 μm in about 120 minutes.


ABSTRACT Cholesterol-linked simple supramolecular gelators 1–3 with functional diversity have been designed on 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde backbone for anion sensing through gel-to-sol methodology. Change in functional group in the gelators of common structural feature has significant impact on gelation, gel properties, morphology and anion sensing behavior. The dicyanovinyl derivative 3 has been established as superior gelator among the three as it forms gel from varieties of solvents with lowest concentration. All the three gels are applied in anion recognition. The gel state of 1 remains virtually intact in presence of all the anions tested. The oxime derivative 2 interacts with basic anions like CN−, F− and AcO− and displays no selectivity in gel phase anion sensing. On contrary, the dicyanovinylated analogue 3 shows gel-to-sol transition selectively in presence of CN− and validates its visual sensing. Additionally, the gel of 3 as explored in dye adsorption works well in rapid removal of crystal violet, a cationic dye from waste water. Graphical Abstract


Recently designed wind energy systems use large traction kites to drive electricity generation equipment at ground level; this exploits stronger and more consistent winds available at higher altitudes than used by traditional wind turbine systems. These kites require active control; in this study we build upon past work demonstrating the use of evolutionary robotics techniques to build neural network controllers that maximize energy recoverable from wind in a simulated kite system using only information available at ground level from the line angles and forces. Neurocontrollers are evolved under selective pressure to fly the kite in order to maximise forces through the lines, resulting in optimal figure-eight trajectories. We allow evolution to converge completely and compare the flight trajectory with analytically derived solutions. We consider the robustness of the neurocontrollers to large gust deviations in speed and direction. Finally we address the problem of controlling the kite with different line lengths, which dramatically alters the response properties of the kite.


Objective To investigate the feasibility of DWI in monitoring the dynamic characteristics of tumors after vascular disrupting treatment.Methods Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were selected,and the models of VX2 tumors in muscle(totally 30 lesions) were established.Conventional,enhanced MRI and DWI were performed before and 1,4,8,12 days after intravenous administration of combretastatin A4 phosphate(CA-4-P) with the dosage of 20 mg/kg.The dynamic changes of ADC value in entire,central,peripheral part of tumor and muscle between consecutive two time points were compared,respectively,while the changes of ADC and pathological manifestations were analyzed comparatively.Result Before vascular disrupting treatment(baseline MR scan),ADC in entire,central,peripheral part of tumor and muscle was(1.33±0.16)×10-3 mm2/s,(1.30±0.23)×10-3 mm2/s,(1.19±0.31)×10-3 mm2/s and(1.66±0.13)×10-3 mm2/s,respectively.Histology showed vigorous growth of VX2 carcinoma cells.One day after treatment,ADC value in central part of tumor was lower than that of baseline MR scan(P0.05).Tumor cell swelling and incompact arrangement were observed,while plasmatorrhexis and karyopyknosis were found in the area close to tumor centre with histological examination.Four days after treatment,ADC value in entire,central and peripheral part of tumor were higher than those at 1 day after treatment(all P0.05).Large range necrosis was observed.Eight days after treatment,ADC value in central part of tumor was higher than that at 4 days after treatment(P0.05),and the necrosis aggravated.Twelve days after treatment,ADC value in entire and peripheral part of tumor were lower than those at 8 days after treatment(all P0.05),while progressive tumor proliferation was found in peripheral part of tumor under optical microscope.Conclusion DWI can reveal the dynamic histological changes in rabbit VX2 tumors after intravenous administration of CA-4-P,therefore is an ideal method to monitor and evaluate the efficacy of vascular disrupting treatment.


This White Paper proposes a unique milli-Jansky sensitive arcsecond resolution VLA 15 GHz (Ku band) continuum polarization imaging survey of the Galactic plane using C array configuration. The science driver is to fill the gap between previous lower frequency VLA Galactic plane surveys, mainly detecting synchrotron radio emission at 1.4 and 5 GHz, and the higher frequency (future ALMA and present MSX, SPITZER, PLANCK, WISE) 0.1-100 THz infrared surveys that detect thermal radiation. The 15 GHz band appears to be the highest frequency at which such a survey is both feasible and maximally unique from the synchrotron radio view and will facilitate new multi-waveband Galactic research and, for example, identify targets for ALMA. Depending on the final survey parameters, for example a 3 second integration time for a (8-sigma) 1 mJy 12-18 GHz detection limit over a 10 degree band along the VLA observable (280 degree) Galactic plane, this survey would consume up to 3200 VLA observing hours using on-the-fly mapping and still allow for, e.g., an additional sub-Jy sensitive 12.2 GHz methanol maser line survey. Furthermore this survey would reveal potential compact high-frequency VLA calibrators in the Galactic bulge and plane, a region where there is a severe lack of them.


In recent years, sisal fiber has been widely used as reinforcement of polymer composites due to its renewability, cost effectiveness, low density, high specific strength and modulus. This paper presents a summary of the recent developments of sisal reinforced composites. Structure property relationships and surface modification techniques of the fiber as well as influencing factors of mechanical performance of the composites are reviewed. It is believed that a right combination of fabrication techniques so far developed in accordance with different applications and target user groups should be found out.


The invention discloses a method for generating air data and a corresponding device. The method includes the steps: determining a user geographical position according to user position related information; according to a geographical position of each air detection device, determining reference air detection devices according with a preset rule; and according to the air data detected by the reference air detection devices and the user air detection devices, calculating air data aiming at a user. In the method and device, the factor of the user geographical position is considered, the air data provided by the reference air detection devices near the user geographical position is synthesized for calculating the air data aiming at the user, and thus the accurate air data aiming at the user personal can be provided.


Abstract : Jackknifing techniques are increasingly being applied to data analysis for bias reduction. In robust estimation, several studies have recently been published giving asymptotic properties of jackknifed estimates. Cheng has demonstrated the validity of jackknifing L-estimates under various conditions on the score function. Efron has shown that jackknife turns out to be special case of his bootstrap technique. In problems of density estimation, improvement of kernel type estimates was proposed by Schucany and Sommer through the technique of combining several estimates using different kernels. Usually it is possible to reduce bias in kernel-type estimates simply by a judicious choice of a kernel. However, in that case, the estimates of density functions can be negative. The situation has been described by Stute in his paper showing that the use of nonnegative kernels does not allow the possibility of reduction of bias. In this paper, the effect of jackknifing using leave-out rules, is studied. Pseudovalues in case of density estimates are defined and optimal properties of the jackknifed estimates are given. It is shown that the asymptotic behavior of the jackknifed estimates is the same as that of the classical estimate. A Berry-Esseen type central limit theorem showing the normality of the jackknifed estimate is also given. (Author)


Summary:  Purpose: To assess the available evidence for the belief that valerian, highly recommended in the past for treating epilepsy, possessed real anticonvulsant effectiveness.


Anonymous channels allow users to connect to websites or communicate with one another privately. Assume that either Alice or Allison is communicating with (a possibly corrupt) Bob. To protect the sender, we seek a protocol that provably guarantees that these two scenarios are indistinguishable to an adversary that can monitor the traffic on all channels of the network and control the internal operations in a constant fraction of the nodes.
Onion routing is the method of choice for achieving anonymous communication, used for example by Tor. In an onion routing protocol, messages travel through several intermediaries before arriving at their destinations; they are wrapped in layers of encryption (hence they are called ``onions''). In this paper, we give the first rigorous characterization of the complexity of onion routing protocols for anonymous communication through public networks. We show that in order to provide anonymity, an onion routing scheme requires each participant to transmit, on average, a superlogarithmic number of onions. We match these negative results with a protocol in which every participant creates a polylogarithmic number of onions and participates in a polylogarithmic number of transmissions.


Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),which has high morbidity,difficult diagnosis,and poor treatment results,is a type of malignant tumor in head and neck cancer.The mainstay treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been radiotherapy as NPC is sensitive to radiotherapy.However,there is a significant rate of local failures and distant metastases.PET/CT,an important imaging modality in modem medicine,combines the functional imaging of PET and the anatomic imaging of CT to efficiently image tumor proliferation,metabolism,hypoxia and cell apoptosis.It can also precisely image the anatomic structure of tumors and their adjacent organs or tissues.PET/CT was found to be particularly helpful for guiding diagnosis and therapy,the staging and grading of tumors,monitoring therapy and in evaluating the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Key words:
Nasopharyngeal naoplasms;  Position emission-tomography;  Tomography, X-ray computed;  Fluorodeoxyglucose F18


The aim of this thesis was to combine several advanced NMR spectroscopic techniques for studying the cellulose in materials still possessing, at least partly, the original complexity of wood fiber. The NMR spectroscopic approaches can be roughly divided into two classes: First, solid state NMR methods were used to characterize cellulose and its response to various treatments directly. Second approach involves utilization of molecular probes, namely solvent components and water, to provide information about interactions between solvent species and cellulose in pulp fibers, and about effect of certain reactivity enhancing pretreatments on cellulose accessibility and fiber wall structures up to micrometer size scale. When comparing the different approaches, it was observed that the often used quantity, cellulose crystallinity, turned out to be a rather poor indicator for changes taking place in complex cellulose systems, as its value remained mostly inert while the other techniques already revealed changes in specific surface area of the fibers, average pore size at a size scale of ten nanometers, and in accessibility of chemicals through the fiber wall and to the cellulose fibrils. This shows the importance of combination of different type of NMR experiments when studying materials with considerable complexity.


A yield-per-recruit model is developed for use on a protogynous hermaphrodite. It allows for sex change followed by a growth spurt. An approach is outlined which can be used to account qualitatively for the consequences of a stock-recruitment relationship. The model is used to make predictions for the stocks of slinger Chrysoblephus puniceus off South-East Africa. Model predictions of sex ratios compare favourably with field observations. Predictions of yield-per-recruit models that ignore any relationship between spawner stock size and recruitment can be misleading. Three scenarios concerning recruitment to the Natal stock of slinger can be postulated from the present robust nature of the stock to a high level of fishing mortality. Either recruitment is not dependent only on the number of males in the stock, or there is sufficient migration of 0-year-olds from nearby regions into the Natal stock, or recruitment is related to spawner stock size by the Ricker relationship. If lack of males is a limiting fa...


Dalu Lake is a low permeability reservoir.Now it is during the middle period and later period of oil development. To enhance oil recovery.Numerical simulation has been implied into the paper.By means of the theory,the production of various sand reservoirs have been analised here. Based on the problems of various sand reservoirs, EOR including perfection well pattern?decreasing wells ?unsteady injection have been discussed here.Recovery percent of reserves of Ⅳ sand group is the best than the others. Its well nets are better than the others. The 42 layer is the adjusting key to Ⅳ sand group.


The practice and experience of undertaking social responsibilities and improving hospital sustainable development in perspective of medical effectiveness, accessible, affordable and caring in Baoding Cerebro Vascular Hospital. Fulfilling social responsibilities and continuously matching patient's demand is the power of private hospital sustainable development. Superficially, altruism and self interest is contradiction, they are supplement each other actually. Achieving altruism goals can also achievement self interest goals.


We consider propagation of a two-level atom coupled to one electromagnetic mode of a high-Q cavity. The atomic center-of-mass motion is treated quantum mechanically and we use a standing wave shape for the mode. The periodicity of the Hamiltonian leads to a spectrum consisting of bands and gaps, which is studied from a Floquet point of view. Based on the band theory, we introduce a set of effective mass parameters that approximately describe the effect of the cavity on the atomic motion, with the emphasis on one associated with the group velocity and on another one that coincides with the conventional effective mass. Propagation of initially Gaussian wave packets is also studied using numerical simulations and the mass parameters extracted thereof are compared with those predicted by the Floquet theory. Scattering and transmission of the wave packet against the cavity are further analyzed, and the constraints for the effective mass approach to be valid are discussed in detail.


This book addresses the topical issue of whether the current environment in the US and other major countries, where quantitative easing is used to boost the economy, is conducive to the emergence of hyperinflation. This is a controversial and highly debated issue. Using both economics and history, the author challenges the view that quantitative easing will not lead to hyperinflation and argues that hyperinflation, or at least high inflation, is likely to appear eventually. The book examines all the propositions put forward for and against the eventuality of hyperinflation in the US, using illustrations based on actual and simulated data. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the current fiscal position of the US government, particularly the levels of external debt and unfunded liabilities, will not be rectified without resorting to inflationary financing. The book would be useful not only for policy makers and economists but also for non-specialist observers. Contents: Inflation, Deflation, Disinflation and All That The Measurement of Inflation The Monetary Theory of Inflation Other Theories of Inflation and Some Extensions The Consequences and Costs of Inflation The Phenomenon of Hyperinflation The History of Fiat Money and Hyperinflation Hyperinflationary Episodes since the 1970s The Status Quo: Heading Towards Hyperinflation? Leading Indicators of U.S. Hyperinflation Concluding Thoughts Readership: Professionals, researchers and general public interested in understanding whether quantitative easing will lead to hyperinflation. Key Features: The book provides the most comprehensive treatment of the "fire or ice" debate concerning whether quantitative easing will lead to hyperinflation or depression. It dispels the proposition that quantitative easing is benign The analysis combines theory, empirical evidence and the historical experience of hypeinflationary countries, showing that the US economy is on the path to hyperinflation. The analysis is based on actual and simulated data The book is written for general readership and more specialised readers. Non-specialists can skip the technical parts of the book without any loss of continuity


AbstractThe damping mechanism of various jointed structures can be explained by considering the energy loss due to friction and the dynamic slip produced at the interfaces. The frictional damping is evaluated from the relative slip between the jointed interfaces and is considered to be the most useful method for inspect the structural damping. The damping characteristics in jointed structures are influenced by the intensity of pressure distribution, micro-slip kinematic coefficient of friction and logarithmic decrement at the interfaces. All the above basic parameters are largely influenced by the thickness ratio of the beam and thereby affect the damping capacity of the structures. In addition to this, beam length of the structures and diameter of connecting rivet and bolt also play key roles on the damping capacity of the jointed structures is assessable. For rivet bolt and welded joints the analysis proposes two different methods to calculate damping: experimental and finite element method. The effects of all these parameters are studied distinctly in the present investigation. It is established that the damping capacity can be increased appreciably using larger beam length and their diameters as well as lower thickness ratio of the beams. This design concept of using these structures can be effectively utilized in trusses and frames, aircraft and aerospace structures, bridges, machine members, robots and many other applications where higher damping is required. Comprehensive experiments have been conducted on a number of mild steel specimens under different initial conditions of excitation for establishing the accuracy of the theory develop. Finally damping on various joint structures has been compared.


In this paper the differential equations of the general motion of the rigid body with continual mass variation are considered. The impact force and the impact torque that occur due to addition or separation of the body with velocity and angular velocity which differs from the velocity of mass center and angular velocity of the existing body are introduced. The theoretical consideration is applied for solving a real technical problem when the band winds up on the drum. The plane motion of the drum on which the band winds up is considered. The influence of the velocity of the band on the angular velocity of the drum and the motion of the drum mass center is obtained.


Abstract : This report summarizes the findings of 10 years of research on shelter habitability and management. General conclusions and recommendations are presented relating to shelter living and shelter management. (Author)


A transvaluation of all values: this question mark, so dark and so monstrous that it casts a shadow over the one who poses it – a destiny of a task like this forces him to run out into the sunlight every moment to shake off a seriousness that has become heavy, all too heavy. All means are justified, every "case" is a case of luck. Above all war.War has always been a great kind of prudence for spirits who have become too inward and profound; even in wounding [in der Verwundung] there is healing power. I have had as my motto for a long time a maxim, whose source I withhold from scholarly curiosity: increscunt animi, virescit volnere virtus. [...] [The spirit grows, strength is restored in wounding] This work too [...] is above all a recuperation, a sunspot, an escapade into the idle hours of a psychologist. And perhaps also a new war? And will new idols be sounded out? . . . This little work is a great declaration of war [...] (GD Vorwort, KSA 6.57 f.)


Introduction In 2008, as an extension of the Cuesta College astronomical research seminar for undergraduate students, Russ Genet initiated a student summer research workshop at University of Oregon's Pine Mountain Observatory (PMO) near Bend, Oregon. The workshop's primary objective was to complete several research projects that would result in published papers in a short length of time, initially one week. Pine Mountain Observatory has two main functions: research and public outreach. The research program concentrates on CCD photometry of galaxies with low surface brightness. This research is carried out primarily by the Director of the Pine Mountain Observatory, Dr. Gregory D. Bothun, University of Oregon, Department of Physics. Most of the observations are made by the Resident Observer, Alan Chambers, with a 32-inch Sigma Research telescope located inside a large dome. The summer research workshops also became part of the research program at Pine Mountain Observatory, albeit with smaller telescopes and rather modest scientific goals. The public outreach program at PMO features public nights every Friday and Saturday evening during portions of the year when the observatory is open to the public (the observatory is closed to the public during the winter). Kent Fairfield gives public lectures on these nights, and the visiting public views objects through the 24-inch Boller and Chivens telescope as well as smaller telescopes often set up by amateurs. Dan Gray recently retrofitted the 1950s 24-inch Boller and Chivens telescope with a modern control system from Sidereal Technology (which Dan owns). Keeping a remote, mountaintop observatory functioning is a major task that is handled primarily by Mark Dunaway, the on-mountain Manager for the observatory. Chapter 18


Sustainability - the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.


The article considers "codes' switching" as a special linguistic and socio-cultural competence. The authors provide an analysis of an addresser's strategic use of a marked code as a specific tool of an individual aim-achieving. Code-switching is considered to be a supplementary resource of a communicant, a resource used to reach some pragmatic aims of communication.


One of the main products required in manufacturing concrete is cement, with the increase in the amount of cement used, heat of hydration increases which will lead to the formation of cracks in concrete accompanied by shrinkage effect . To control this, palm oil fuel ash and agro waste which contains some amount of silica act as a pozzolonic material is being used as cement replacement and its strength is compared with conventional concrete of grade M25. Palm oil fuel ash which is obtained by burning palm fruit and dry leaves of palm oil tree in palm oil mills is also used to control heat of hydration effect on concrete, after pulverizing and making into a fine powder. In this study cement is being replaced with palm oil fuel ash in different percentages (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) to get an optimum point. From this optimum point the Steel fiber in different percentages (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) and glass fiber in different percentages(0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%). For each set of fibers, mechanical properties were studied by performing Compression test for Cubes, Flexural test for beams and Split Tensile test for cylinders and durability properties were studied by performing sulphate attack test cubes.


Can governments improve aid programs by providing information to beneficiaries? In our model, information can change how much aid citizens receive as they bargain with local officials who implement national programs. In a large-scale field experiment, we test whether mailing cards with program information to beneficiaries increases their subsidy from a subsidized rice program. Beneficiaries received 26 percent more subsidy in card villages. Ineligible households received no less, so this represents lower leakage. The evidence suggests that this effect is driven by citizen bargaining with local officials. Experimentally adding the official price to the cards increased the subsidy by 21 percent compared to cards without price information. Additional public information increased higher-order knowledge about eligibility, leading to a 16 percent increase in subsidy compared to just distributing cards. In short, increased transparency empowered citizens to reduce leakages and improve program functioning. Contact email: firstname.lastname@example.com. This project was a collaboration involving many people. We thank Nurzanty Khadijah, Chaerudin Kodir, Lina Marliani, Purwanto Nugroho, Hector Salazar Salame, and Freida Siregar for their outstanding work implementing the project and Alyssa Lawther, Gabriel Kreindler, Wayne Sandholtz, He Yang, Gabriel Zucker for excellent research assistance. We thank Mitra Samya, the Indonesian National Team for the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction (particularly Bambang Widianto, Suahasil Nazara, Sri Kusumastuti Rahayu, and Fiona Howell), and SurveyMetre (particularly Bondan Sikoki and Cecep Sumantri) for their cooperation implementing the project and data collection. This project was financially supported by the Australian Government through the Poverty Reduction Support Facility. Jordan Kyle acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 2009082932. All views expressed in the paper are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views any of the many institutions or individuals acknowledged here.


The Post-Colonial Society: The Algerian Struggle for Economic, Social, and Political Change explains how Algeria's current political problems are a product of the Algerian struggle for development and traces these problems from the outset of Algerian independence. A struggle for power continues between underprivileged groups and the petite bourgeoisie who have ruled Algeria since independence. The driving forces behind this struggle are the search for equality, justice and individual freedom. The use of religion as a means to achieve power is also explored.


Climate and agriculture on the Hainan Island is described based on the literature published in the recent years and on the author's study trip in January and February, 1984. First, the synoptic climatological background such as the frontal zones, cloud distribution, stream lines at the 850mb level, typhoon frequencies and fog distribution are described. The southwesterly winds and north easterly winds prevail at the surface level to the 850mb level and the typhoon plays an important role. Secondly, distributions of air temperature, rainfall, and durations of rainy and dry seasons are presented using the climatological records. Climatic division by Ha Daizhang is introduced to show the eight regions. Thirdly, agriculture in the Hainan Island is reviewed with special reference to climatic conditions. Rubber, rice and tea cultivations are dealt with in detail. In particular, the five areas of rubber cultivation were described in terms of cold and wind damages. The upper limit of rubber cultiva tion can be 300-350m a. s. l. in the northern part of the island, but 500m in the southern part. Of special interest is the recent development of hybridized rice cultivation. They grow in winter, ear and flower normally in middle and later March and mature in middle and later April in the southern part of the island. Then they are brought to the home regions in the other part of China and sown there in the normal growing season. Fourthly, typhoon damage and cold damage are described and damage classes are introduced. Especially, early rice and late rice cultivation and cold damages on rubber trees are dealt with, because they are most striking in the development of tropical crop agriculture on the Hainan Island. Lastly, a perspective is given for further development.


2 Abstract The breeding method has been implemented in the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) coupled general circulation model (CGCM) in its operational configuration where ocean data assimilation is used to initialize the coupled forecasts. Bred vectors (BVs), designed to capture the dominant growing errors in the atmosphere-ocean coupled system, are applied as initial ensemble perturbations. We investigate the potential improvement for ensemble prediction by comparing BVs with the oceanic growing errors, estimated by the one-month forecast error from the non-perturbed forecast. Our results show that one-month forecast errors and BVs from the NASA CGCM share very similar features: BVs are clearly related to forecast errors in both SST and equatorial subsurface temperature, particularly when the BV growth rate is large. Both the forecast errors and the BVs in the subsurface are dominated by large-scale structures near the thermocline. Our results suggest that the forecast errors are dominated by dynamically evolving structures related to the variations of the background anomalous state, and that their shapes can be captured by BVs, especially during the strong 1997-1998 El Niño. Hindcast experiments starting from January 1997 with one pair of BVs achieve a significant improvement compared to the control (unperturbed) hindcast by capturing many important features of this event, including the westerly wind burst in early 1997.


Summary Twenty-six compositions in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O were investigated under conditions of 1 and 2 Kb water pressure and temperatures between 300 and 700°C. The solid solution for 7 Å and 14 Å chlorites has been delimited as well as that of the expanding phases (tri- and dioctahedral montmorillonites and expanding chlorites). Negative slopes were found for the transformation montmorillonite → expanding chlorite, and expanding chlorite → chlorite+quartz and a positive slope for 7Å → 4 Å transformation. The relative positions of the reactions chlorite+quartz → cordierite+talc, chlorite+andalusite → cordierite and chlorite+corundum → cordierite+spinel are located between 500 and 65°C. Cell dimensions of the synthetic chlorites can be correlated with their chemical composition. Solid solution in synthetic minerals compares well with 325 analysis of natural minerals from the literature, indicating that the chemiographic relations between phases in the simplified synthetic system are applicable to natural mineral assemblages. The phase relations indicate that at low temperature the 7Å aluminous chlorite is not stable with quartz or another silica phase.


In sports science research,qualitative research and the quantitative research are the two basic research methods at nowadays.There are many differences between the two methods,such as its based theory and research role.Of course each of them has its advantage and its disadvantage.Moreover,the sport is a complex social activity of mankind.Mixed methods research can put these two methods together to use and make advantage of each other.


T WAS in the fall of 1964 that Professor Eric Werner (now of Tel Aviv University) called my attention to a pair of extensive articles in Die Welt.' There for the first time was described a previously unknown group of Schoenberg documents and compositions which, if genuine, might illuminate many previously unexplored areas of Schoenberg's life and work. What a find for a biographer! Writing of his first meeting with Hans Nachod in London, Rudolf Steiner, a dealer in rare books and manuscripts, recounted:


A retrospective study was conducted at a maternity hospital in Guadalajara to compare maternal and perinatal mortality rates in 1990 and 1995 a period during which the frequency of cesareans declined from 28% to 13%. In 1990 there were 1954 cesareans among 4899 deliveries leading to 6853 live births. There were 172 perinatal and 9 maternal deaths (0.1%). In 1995 there were 1504 cesareans among 9176 deliveries and 10730 live births. 199 perinatal and 11 maternal deaths (0.09%) occurred. The risk of perinatal death was significantly higher in 1990 while the difference for maternal mortality was not statistically significant. It was concluded that the reduction in cesareans from 28% to 13% did not worsen maternal mortality rates and in fact improved perinatal mortality rates.


Different metathesis catalysts were evaluated regarding their activity for propene production from ethene and trans-butene feedstocks. Nickel, molybdenum, rhenium and tungsten, along with bimetallic nickel-rhenium systems were applied with commercial supports and self-synthesized MCM-41. For the latter support the Si/Al ratio was adjusted as an additional optimization parameter (Si/Al = 60). Attractive activities were observed using Re and NiRe based catalysts at moderate temperatures of 200–250 °C. In contrast, the tungsten-based catalysts were only active above 450 °C. Three catalysts, namely Re/AlMCM-41(60), NiRe/mix (1:1) and W/SiO2 offered propene selectivity's exceeding 40% at attractive conversion rates. These catalysts were characterized by BET, powder XRD, NH3-TPD and TPR-TPO-TPR cycles. At specific reaction temperatures, reaction-regeneration cycles were performed, which revealed that for the Re and W catalysts the initial reactant conversions and propene selectivity can be recovered. In contrast, for the NiRe catalyst, a continuous, gradual and irreversible decrease of activity was observed. Even though the tungsten catalyst was operated at the highest temperature, no irreversible decrease in conversion and propene selectivity occurred. Therefore, this catalyst has potential as a promising candidate for the synthesis of propene.


The invention provides a copolymer rubber composition, a rubber foamed product, and an automotive sealant. The copolymer rubber composition comprises 60 to 75% by weight of a copolymer rubber (1) and 40 to 25% by weight of a copolymer rubber (2), and [iodine value of the copolymer rubber (1)-iodine value of the copolymer rubber (2)] is 5 to 30. The copolymer rubber (1) is an ethylene-[alpha]-olefin-nonconjugated polyene copolymer rubber having an ethylene unit of 50 mol % to 70 mol %, an [alpha]-olefin unit of 50 mol % to 30 mol %, and an iodine value of 15 to 45, and the copolymer rubber (2) is an ethylene-[alpha]-olefinic copolymer rubber having an ethylene unit of more than 70 mol % and 95 mol % or less, an [alpha]-olefin unit of less than 30 mol % and 5 mol % or more, and an iodine value of 10 to 30.


conditions are favorable" (p. 154); and that workmen's compensation in the United States is less than satisfactory because "Administrative costs are unduly high, medical care and rehabilitation services are inadequate and litigation is excessive" (p. 199). But Professor Richardson believes that ruffling feathers is one of his functions. It is a strong feature of the book that it is studded with value judgments of a long-time student of the subject on how various social problems "should" be handled. His discussion of appropriate retirement age is timely as a contribution to our national debate upon the question. During the course of his sympathetic treatment of the issues, he says that any retirement rule should be "regarded as a guide and not a guillotine" (p. 115). The book is full of interesting observations which would have required another volume to explore fully. His side comments concerning the problems of welfare programming in poverty-stricken areas, a field in which he has had extensive experience, whet our appetites for more which, unhappily, do not materialize (see, however, pp. 213-215). His candor regarding the initial effects of the introduction of a national health service that is, better care of low income persons with the possibility of some restriction of care for middle income groups (p. 177) is refreshing. His repeated insistence that the legitimate scope of social security includes only provision for basic needs will strike many as raising more questions than it settles. Others will question his conclusion that for advanced countries the proportion spent on social security should fall as the national income increases (pp. 37-39). Professor Richardson says that his intention "has not been to present firm conclusions, but to open questions for discussion." His comments on the essentials of the important controversial areas should stimulate the debate which he considers vital in order "to determine the best use of the limited resources available and to ensure the right blend of public responsibility, voluntary effort and individual responsibility" (p. 54). JOHN J. CARROLL Professor of Economics St. Lawrence University Ensuring Medical Care for the Aged. By Mortimer Spiegelman. (Published for the Pension Research Council, Wharton School of Finance and Commerce, University of Pennsylvania). Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1960. xxvi, 280 pp. $6.25.


116 Introduction to the Research 118 Theoretical Frameworks 120 The place of performance in music-centered music therapy 120 Identity: A narrative, relational, performed construct 122 Methodology 124


Argues that the current liability laws are unfair to businesses and consumers, and suggest a statue authorizing federal courts to nationalize products liability law.


Up to the present time few theorems of a general character for the conivergence of continued fractions with complex elements have been obtained, and these few are of very recent date. In the first section of this paper such theorems upon the subject as are known to the writer are brought together for the purpose of indicating the present state of our knowledge, and the scope of the paper is also explained. Some new criteria for convergence are then deduced in the succeeding sections. The results obtained are summed up in theorems 1-10, which may be read independently of the rest of the paper. The demonstration of these theorems is based upon certain equations, Nos. 3-8, 11, and 12, which seem to be new and of a fundamental character.


The improved identification of isolates using molecular techniques have shown that the genus exhibits considerable taxonomic complexity and phenotypic base identification can be ambiguous. The aim of this study was to assess the species distribution of Nocardia strains mostly recovered from patients suspected of having tuberculosis. The clinical isolates were identified to species level using conventional tests and genotypic methods using single and multi locus sequence analysis (MLSA) of 16S rRNA and gyrB genes. Nocardiosis was diagnosed in 46 patients. The most frequent underlying condition were organ transplantation (6 patients; 13%), cancer (6 patients; 13%), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (6 patients; 13%), non-infectious chronic lung disease (5 patients; 10.8%) and tuberculosis (4 patients; 8.7%). Nocardia species was recovered from 46 different clinical specimens, the most common of which was bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (43.5%). In conclusion, infection caused by Nocardia species appears to be more common than is generally appreciated. The current study provides further evidence that Nocardia species are capable of causing a wide range of human diseases in healthy and immunocompromised patients. MLSA is a reliable method for accurate species identification of Nocardia isolates and would be more feasible for routine use in clinical laboratories.


A critical step in the immune response is signal initiation from the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) by its ligand, peptide antigen presented by the major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). How TCR is triggered by ligand binding is still unclear. An interesting aspect of the puzzle is the sharp contrast between the inability of soluble pMHC to trigger TCR and the high triggering efficiency of surface-anchored pMHC. Here, we investigate the boundary between soluble and surface-anchored pMHC by anchoring pMHCs on plastic surfaces via poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linkers of varying length. We found that pMHCs anchored on the surface via a 61 nm linker trigger TCR as efficiently as a much shorter 5.6 nm linker. The lack of negative impact on TCR triggering by the long linker does not support the kinetic segregation model of TCR triggering, in which the critical factor is the shortness of the pMHC-TCR bridge between the membranes of T cell and antigen presenting cell (APC). Our result supports the idea that TCR triggering does not require receptor cross-linking, since the length of the linker far exceeds the distance required for two pMHC molecules to cross-link the TCR. Furthermore, this result is consistent with the receptor deformation model - a long linker may be tolerated as long as the T cell and APC membranes detach to a distance greater than the length of the pMHC-TCR bridge, such that mechanical force can still be applied to the TCR.
 Work supported by NIH R21 AI078387, Joseph L. Hollander Chair, and Joseph Stokes Jr. Res. Inst.


【Objective】To analyze the eradication rates of Helicobacter Pylori(Hp) by different lansoprazolebased triple therapy and the effect of different eradication rates by protein chip.【Methods】Sixty-six subjects with positive gastritis or peptic ulcer were randomly assigned to receive 30 mg lansoprazole twice daily with 250 mg clarithromycin twice daily and 1000 mg amoxicillin(LCA group) which had 31 subjects or 400 mg metronidazole(LCM group) which had 35 subjects twice daily for 1 week. Subjects were screened by rapid urease test,14C-urea breath test,histology test. Specific Hp antibody in serum such as CagA,VacA,Ure,Hsp60,RdxA was tested by protein chip. More than 4 weeks after completion of antibiotic treatment,Hp status was assessed by 14C-urea breath test.【Results】There were 26 subjects eradicated in LCA group and 21 eradicated in LCM group .The eradication rates(83.87%) of LCA group were higher strikingly than that(60.00%) of LCM group(P 0.05). The eradication rates of patients with CagA-positive H.pylori strains were higher than that of patients with another specific antibody(P 0.15). There was no significant difference on side effect in both groups(P 0.05).【Conclusions】The eradication rates of LCA group were higher than that of LCM group. The eradication rates of patients with CagA-positive H. pylori strains were higher than that of the patients with another specific antibody. There was no significant difference of side effect between the two groups.


The aim of the study is to assess the role of the regional economy in the national economy and within the South-East region of Bulgaria and to identify the intra-regional differences, with a focus on the post-2012 period, defined as a period of exit from the economic crisis. The objects of the analysis are: macroeconomic trend, labor market, production and territorial structure of the regional economy, assessment of the localization and concentration of economic activities, identification of priority economic activities according to the classification of the Innovation strategy for intelligent specialization.


The fatigue properties of two types of wood (P. Ussurensis and B. Platyphylla) and wood plastic composites were analyzed by three point bend fracture testing, and fatigue crack propagation models were investigated. Test results show that the maximum stress of wood plastic composites presents a linear relationship with logarithmic fatigue life. Fatigue load increases linearly with enhanced polymer content. For P. Ussurensis, the slope of S N fatigue curve is influenced by polymer content in wood, and fatigue crack grows along wood fibre. For B. Platyphylla plastic composites (PC30 wt.%), fatigue crack grows in the shape of 'Z' along the height of the specimen.


We here analyze the parity space approach to fault detection and isolation in a stochastic setting, using a state space model with both deterministic and stochastic unmeasurable inputs. We first show the similarity and a fo rmal relationship between a Kalman filter approach and the parity space. A first main contribution is probabilistic design of a parity space detection and diagnosis algorithm, which enables an explicit computation of the probability for incorrect diagnosis. A second main contribution is to compare a range of related methods starting at model-based diagnosis going to completely data-driven approaches: (1) the analytical parity space is computed from a known state space model, (2) this state space model is estimated from data, (3) the parity space is estimated using subspace identification techniques and (4) the principa l component analysis (PCA) is applied to data. The methods are here presented in a common parity space framwork. The methods are applied to two application examples: a DC motor, which is a two-state SISO model with two faults, and a larger F16 vertical dynamics five state MIMO model with six faults. Different user choices and design parameters are compared, for instace how the matrix of diagnosis probabilities can be used as a design tool for performance optimization with respect to design variables and sensor placement and quality.


A survey on Garole sheep was carried out in the breeding tract for breed characterization. Garole sheep are distributed in the Sundarban region of West Bengal in India. It is a small-sized breed known for its prolificacy and adaptation to the saline marshy land of the Sundarban region. It is believed that these sheep contributed to the prolificacy gene in Booroola Merino sheep of Australia. The breeding tract of Garole sheep falls under the Coastal Saline Zone of West Bengal and the climate of this region is hot and humid. The population of Garole sheep was 206 720 in 1994–1995. This breed is maintained by marginal farmers and landless labourers. Flocks are stationary and average flock size ranges from three to five. They graze on rice fallow land and natural grass cover on the roadsides and water channels. Garole sheep have the ability to graze in knee deep conditions in marshy land. Their colour is generally white. Some animals of black or brown colour are also seen. The male is generally horned and females are polled. They have three distinct types of ears; small, medium and long. Average adult weights in male and females are 15 and 12 kg, respectively. Twin and triplet births are common. The Garole sheep are reared for mutton production. Farmers generally do not shear wool. Fleece is of a coarse quality and is used as bedding material.


This paper aims at presenting a research held at Universidade de Brasilia in 2010 and 2011 in order to verify the opinion of cinematographic critics in Brazil about adaptations from literature to film. So, eight movies were selected to take part of the corpus, all of them Brazilian ones adapted from Brazilian literature and produced between 2005 and 2010. After analyzing the adaptations we made a collection of the critics available at internet about each of them. Relevant results were achieved about how the adaptations are evaluated: based on the fidelity to the source text or if the implications and resignifications of these adaptations to the target context are observed. V� sz�o�8L�mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>Throughout its history as a translated classic in the West, Sei Shonagon's The Pillow Book has time and again had its textual integrity disrespected and reframed to accommodate each translator's agenda. Peter Greenaway's film could be criticized for disingenuously reproducing some of this "secondhand Orientalism" in its representation of Japanese culture and literature. At the same time, a more idealized approach to translation and fidelity doesn't take into account the creative processes of adaptation and artistic rewriting. A theoretical approach that integrates adaptation and translation studies is needed in order to better understand how different cultures and codes interact in the context of film.


This study explores faculty motivations to adopt technologies for their courses, their current uses of technologies and perceptions of teaching with technologies, as well as their suggestions for how their institutions can best support them. In particular, this investigation compares novice and tech savvy teachers by looking at differences in the technologies they use, how they integrate these technologies in their courses, and the challenges they experience in doing so.


Frequent itemset mining is one of the main and compute-intensive operations in the field of data mining. The said algorithm is use in finding frequent patterns in transactional databases. The 1-itemset frequent count is used as basis for finding succeeding k-itemset mining. Thus there is a need to speed-up this process. One of the techniques to speed-up the process is using the Single Instruction Multiple Thread (SIMT) architecture. This architecture allows a single instruction to be applied to multiple threads at the same time. Current graphics processing unit (GPU), which contains multiple streaming processing units, uses SIMT architecture. In order to abstract the GPU hardware from the programming model, NVIDIA introduces the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) as an extension to existing programming languages in order to support SIMT. This paper discusses how 1-itemset frequent count is implemented in SIMT using CUDA.


Pathogenic variants in SCN1A can give rise to extremely variable disease severities that may be indistinguishable at their first presentation. We aim to find clinical features that can help predict the evolution of seizures into Dravet syndrome and clinical features that predict cognitive outcome in Dravet syndrome. We specifically investigate the role of contraindicated medication (CIM) as a possible modifier of cognitive decline.


Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP) is one of the most challenging combinatorial optimization problems, with practical applicability in a real production environment. In this work, we propose a simple Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm to tackle this problem. To represent an FJSSP solution, a real value representation is adopted, which requires a very simple conversion mechanism to obtain a feasible schedule. Consequently, the DE algorithm still works on the continuous domain to explore the problem search space of the discrete FJSSP. Moreover, to enhance the local searchability and to balance the exploration and exploitation capabilities, a simple local search algorithm is embedded in the DE framework. Also, the parallelism of the DE operations is included to improve the efficiency of the whole algorithm. Experiment results confirm the significant improvement achieved by integrating the propositions introduced in this study. Additionally, test results show that our algorithm is competitive when compared with most existing approaches for the FJSSP.


Higher education in Nigeria is increasingly becoming more competitive and service oriented. This is highlighted by the introduction of private universities and increase in school fees in public institutions of higher learning. There is growing need for universities to monitor students' satisfaction and adopt entrepreneurial approach in service delivery to meet up with the growing competition. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of overall undergraduate students' satisfaction with their universities. The relationship between undergraduate students' overall satisfaction and four key dimensions of students' educational experiences: Teacher effectiveness, classroom environment, administrative services, and curriculum content were investigated. Student Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSQ) was used to gather information from a sample size of 540 students. A reliability coefficient of 0.78 was obtained using test re-test method. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, t-test, ANOVA and ANOCOVA at 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that the respondents expressed overall dissatisfaction with their educational experience in their various institutions. Students were not satisfied with classroom environment and administrative services but slightly satisfied with their teacher effectiveness and curriculum contents. Male students were more dissatisfied than their female counterparts. Recommendations were made; the university should endeavour to annually administer survey questionnaire to find out overall students satisfaction with the school experiences and the administrations.


In the works of poetry,SI Kongtu uses iconic,refined and poetic words and cleverly chooses a serious if images which contain a theorist's life experience and Taoism philosophy.It's a typical Chinese classical poetry artistic conception,based on the previous studies,the author comprehensively analyzes the images of "Twenty-Four Grades of Poetry" from their choices,elements and criticism,in order to find the deeper connotation of these images.


hospitals is more in the personnel than in the patients. If these films are used, there should be ample time for discussion, and there must be continuity in the group. If the patients do not have the support of a large group, they will leave, get upset, and the therapy can leave negative effects. Once the group process begins to have an effect, the films can be used with a remarkable degree of success.


Word-of-Mouth (WOM) is recognized as a powerful marketing instrument. Its importance as a communication mechanism has widely explored and established in influencing purchase decision in the consumer behaviour domain (e.g., Gilly et al. 1998; Herr et al. 1991; Wilson 1991). WOM was recognized as an important determinant of consumer's buying behaviour early in marketing literature (Butler 1923), its influence reported as greater than personal selling and advertising (Engel et al. 1969; Feldman and Spencer 1965; Katz and Lazarsfeld 1955) and findings show that more extravert consumers are more likely to be passionate consumers and engage in brand evangelism. For decades, it has received extensive attention from both academicians and practitioners, who demonstrated that WOM communications could not only influence consumers' purchase decisions (Arndt 1967b; Whyte 1954), but also shape consumers' expectations (Zeithaml and Bitner 1996), pre-usage attitudes (Herr et al. 1991), and even post-usage perceptions of a product or service (Bone 1995; Burzynski and Bayer 1977). Researchers have documented the existence of certain types of consumers, opinion leaders and market mavens, who have a personal predisposition to disseminate WOM to fellow consumers (Feick and Price 1987; Lazarsfeld et al. 1944) in an influencing manner. This paper is an attempt to figure out the inter relationship of positive influence of extraversion on consumer passion and ultimately on brand evangelism as a marketing phenomenon in Indian context.


[Extract] Members of the Rhycidodidae Odhner, 1926 (superfamily Echinostomatoidea Looss, 1899)occur in the intestine and gall-bladder of marine turtles. The family consists of two genera, Rhytidodes Looss, 1901 and Rhytidodoides Price, 1939, each of which possesses a small lateral projection on each side of the oral sucker (also a transverse dorsal ridge in Rhytidodes). These characters distinguish the family from all others in the superfamily, except the Calycodidae Dollfus, 1929 (see Bray, Chapter 4, this volume); it differs from the Calycodidae in always lacking a ventral ridge at the anterior extremity and in the absence of oesophageal diverticula.

Looss (1901) established the genus Rhytidodes for the trematode Distomum gelatinosum Rudolphi, 1819 obtained from marine turtles (Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta) from the Mediterranean Sea. This species was described in detail and drawn by Braun (1901a). Looss (1902a) presented a new description together with a definitive generic diagnosis. He did not indicate the exact taxonomic placement of the genus. Poche (1926) assigned Rhytidodes to the family
Telorchidae [sic] Stunkard, 1924, but Odhner (1926) did not agree with this affiliation and proposed an independent family, the Rhytidodidae, for the genus, apparently based in part on the absence of a prepharynx. Others since then have accepted Odhner's family as the best home for the genus. For further details of the history of the genus Rhytidodes, see Blair & Limpus (1980).


The invention relates to a flow control valve (1) for heating and cooling installations comprising a valve housing (2) with inlet (3) and outlet (4) and a valve seat (7), wherein one of the valve seat (7) and a first closure member (5 ) first throttle point formed is located at a second downstream adjustable throttle point in series, which is (by means of a pressure-difference-controlled second valve closing piece 6) is formed, for which purpose connected in a (with the valve housing 2) housing part (8) a movable partition (9) is provided, which the housing part (8) is divided into two pressure chambers which are connected to the pressure reference areas before and leading downstream of the first throttle point channels, the first closure member (5) with a valve spindle (14) is connected, on which the second closing piece (6) is axially displaceable, which passes through the movable partition sealed (9) and sealed off from the housing part (8) emerges, and in is the area between the movable partition (9) and the spindle emerging from the housing part (8) is arranged a pressure relief device (16) and with the valve stem (14) coupled, by means of which by a pressure differential force on the valve spindle (14) transferable that the force is directed opposite from the pressure differential on the first closing piece (5) and compensates for this.


A parameter estimating method for air targets by fire control system of air defense weapon is presented in allusion to the characteristics in this paper. It can obtain the bearing angle and pitching angle of air target while the distance of the target is unknown, so the passive detecting and tracking is realized. The statistical characteristics of the estimating error are analyzed. The availability of the method is verified by simulation results.


Spines of zoeae of the mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii apparently have been selected primarily through predation by small fishes rather than by predatory inver- tebrates, and do not appear to have evolved either to stabilize the organism or to retard its sinking. The settling velocity and swimming and sinking behavior of spined zoeae vs. those with their spines removed were similar. Sinking slowed when the antennal spines were flared perpendicularly to their resting position, but zoeae do so only when molested. Only 1 of 10 planktonic and benthic invertebrates preyed on more despined than spined zoeae, but spines were effective against two fishes that predominate in upper estuaries of the east coast of the United States where larvae of R. harrisii develop. Spines limited the size at which planktivorous silversides, Menidia menidia, and opportunistic killifish, Fun- dulus heteroclitus, began preying on zoeae, but the effectiveness of spines in preventing predation appeared to diminish with each successive zoeal instar. Gape-limited fishes apparently exert strong selective pressure for crab zoeae to produce spines rather than a large unarmed body. Not only do spines increase the size of the zoeae, but spines are noxious, enhance survival of attacked zoeae, regenerate quickly, and are effective when partially regenerated. Spined first-instar zoeae were preyed upon by silver- sides less often than despined second-instar zoeae, in much the same numbers as despined third-instar zoeae, and more often than despined fourth-instar zoeae. The sharp multiple spines of zoeae prevented fishes from manipulating their prey for easy ingestion, so that zoeae often lodged in the pharynxes of small fishes and sometimes killed them. Rhithro- panopeus harrisii zoeae that were attacked by fishes had the same survival and time to metamorphosis as zoeae that were not attacked, whereas the shorter spines and larger bodies of zoeae of the marsh crab Sesarma reticulatum were less effective at preventing fatalities. Dorsal spines were broken most often during attacks. The partially regenerated spines of third-, but not fourth-, instar zoeae were as effective as unbroken spines in preventing predation by silversides. The effectiveness of spines as an antipredatory adaptation is enhanced, because fishes apparently detected spines and quickly learned to prefer despined to spined zoeae. Zoeae did not attempt to evade or escape attacks by fishes, but instead relied on armor and postcontact antipredatory behaviors for their survival. The differential effectiveness of spines of marine and freshwater zooplankters at deterring predation by fishes and inver- tebrates is discussed.