1 . Introduction. Generalized context-free grammars can be thought of as contextfree grammars all rules of which are of the form A where a is a regular expression. Generalized context-free grammars and their representation by a set of finitestate diagrams are a convenient tool to describe context-free languages. In this paper a classification of context-free languages according to the minimal number of non-terminals of generalized context-free grammars is studied and the corresponding decision problems are investigated.


The color reaction of 1-(6-nitro-2-benzothiazolyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-triazen with nickel was investigated. In the presence of the surface active agent Triton X-100 and in a Na_2B_4O_7-NaOH medium of pH 10.0~(11.5), NBTNPT with Ni (Ⅱ) forms a complex whose molar ratio of Ni(Ⅱ)to NBTNPT is 1∶2 and whose maximum molar absorbtivity is 1.84×10~(5) L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1). The dual-wavelength spectrophotometry is used in this work, in which the referenceand determination waves are 500 nm and 440 nm respectively. Beer' s law is well obeyed in the rang of 0~280 g/L for nickel (II). This method has been applied to deter'minetrace amounts of nickel in steels with satisfactory results.


The sediment accumulation calculation on Danjiangkou Reservoir after the dam being heightened was performed by one dimensional unequilibrium sediment transmission principle under the condition of the reservoir water level being raised to 170 m. The calculation results indicate that:when the reservoir will be operated 100 years,the sediment accummulation amount will be 36.34×108 t;when the project will be operated by the end of 20 years with different frequencies of flood,the water level within reach 190 km apart from the dam will be raised to some extent due to the influence of reservoir sedimentation, but that upstream this reach will be not affected.


Vessels containing pressure liquefied gases (PLGs) such as liquid petroleum gas (LPG), propane, butane, chlorine, ammonia, phosgeneetc, can undergo boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE) if the vessels develop a crack due to mechanical damage or structural weakening as a result of exposure to fire (Khan and Abbasi 1998, a; Lees 2005, Abbasi and Abbasi 2007). BLEVEs are savagely violent explosions in which highly destructive shock-waves, projectiles, and fireballs are generated. If the PLG happens to be non-flammable (such as chlorine or ammonia) there is no fire but, instead, huge masses of toxic substances get hurled in all directions (Abbasi and Abbasi 2007).

Several case histories, taken from developing countries as well as developed countries, reveal that BLEVEs continue to occur across the world despite the advancements in all branches of risk assessment, reliability engineering, and accident prevention (Abbasi and Abbasi 2007, Lees 2005).

Considering that LPG is used worldwide as an energy source for industries as well as households, the risk of BLEVEs can be viewed as ever-present. Another aspect of BLEVE that makes it particularly dangerous is the propensity of a BLEVE to cause secondary, tertiary, and higher order accidents. Three of the most dramatic examples of this facet of BLEVEs are the accidents that occurred at Mexico, Sydney and Vishakhapatnam during 1984, 1990 and 1996 respectively (Khan andAbbasi 1999; Abbasi and Abbasi 2005, Abbasi and Abbasi2007).

In this paper an overview of the BLEVE hazards is presented and a software, developed by us, is described with which it is possible to forecast BLEVE and to assess its consequences. A case study is also presented in which the software has been applied to risk assessment in a petrochemical industry.


Have you thought about hosting a local Technology Student Association (TSA) competitive events conference? Do students in your area have an opportunity to participate in a leadership conference to help prepare them for state or national conference? The benefits are great for students who participate in one or more leadership conferences before attending the state or national conference. Here are ten tips for helping you start a leadership conference in your area. Tip #1: START SMALL AND THEN GROW Limit the size of your conference for the first year in order to work out any of the "bugs." Aim to get twelve schools to bring ten or more students to that first conference. This will keep your challenges to a manageable level. Large school districts might invite the programs in your school system, and small school districts could invite some area schools that first year. Decide upon a reasonable number of events and then expand each year as long as space allows. Open up registration to other schools after the first year. You can give out the conference information at professional meetings, or conference packets could be e-mailed to the technology education teachers in your state. Tip #2: PLAN, THEN PLAN SOME MORE Coordinating a local conference takes a lot of planning. Take the time to think through the details necessary to have a smooth-running conference. Be sure to include setting up judges' boxes with all the materials necessary to evaluate each event. Oklahoma TSA helped me when I first started to develop the judges' boxes and materials. Developing a conference packet is another important component in having a good conference. The packet should have information on events, times, locations, registration, fees, lunch, maps, and other important information. Securing event coordinators and judges is extremely important. Developing a plan for lunch for students, teachers, and volunteers is another must. Awards need to be ordered well before the conference date. The use of a three-ring notebook to organize all of the conference materials is an idea that I stole from the state TSA advisor. Tip #3: LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION Choosing the facility where the conference will be held is one of the most important decisions. The site will determine several things about the conference, such as the size, lunch plans, number of events, and the type of events. The size of the conference will need to be limited if the space requires it. Does the building have food facilities for lunch? Will lunch need to be brought in by an outside vendor? Is there enough space for Flight Challenge or Dragster Design? Are there large areas for group testing or for holding an awards assembly? Are there enough smaller rooms for leadership events such as Chapter Team, Leadership Challenge, Prepared Speech, and other similar events? I have been successful in getting a local university and an area technology center (Vo-Tech) to host the TSA Conference at their campuses. Other possibilities are to use a community center, community college, convention center, or a school for the conference site. Some of the mentioned places are more than willing to host students on their campus because of the positive recruitment environment. This past year Tulsa Technology Center-Riverside campus emptied out fifteen planes from a hangar to allow the Tulsa TSA Conference to be held. Tours of the campus were offered to students who were finished with their competitive events. Some other important factors to consider in choosing a facility would be the date available; whether to have the conference on a school day or a Saturday; and whether the building is free or requires a rental charge. It seems as if it is much easier for teachers to get students to attend the conference if it is held on a school day. The advantage of a Saturday is that a school could be used for the conference. …


T o enhance the efficient and rate of magnesium /seaw ater reaction,M g-based hydro-reactive materials w ere prepared via a multiple variable speed cycle process by high-energy milling method in inert atmosphere. Scanning electron microscope( SEM),thermogravimetry( TG) and specific surface test were used to characterize the microstructure and oxidation characteristic of the materials. The real-time amount of hydrogen produced by reaction of M g-based materials and seaw ater w as recorded using an independent designed metal/ w ater reaction device. T he hydro-reactivity of M g-based hydro-reactive metal materials w as studied. R esults show that the high-energy milling can significantly enhance the reaction activity of M g-based materials and seaw ater. T he reaction efficiency of magnesium pow der after ball mill reaches 80.5%. Addition of catalyst in the process of ball mill can further enhance the reaction activity of M g-based hydro-reactive materials. T he total yield of reaction can reach 91. 1%. T he hydrogen generation reaction rate in the fast stage is 741 mL·min-1·g-1.


This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation exploring the effects of varying degrees of pulverization, from laboratory-quality gradations to field gradations, on the strength and durability of highly plastic clay soils stabilized with lime and portland cement. Background information is presented on the mechanisms of stabilization and on previously reported studies of other materials. A 6-cu yd sample was used to provide 198 large specimens, which were tested in unconfined compression and wet-dry tests. Considerable differences were found in the strength of a highly active clay soil, depending on the gradations used to make specimens. Significant differences were found in the durabilities of specimens, depending on the stabilizer and the gradations used. Lime appears to be a more effective stabilizer for durability and portland cement more effective for strength, provided the gradation is fine enough. Recommendations, subject to further research, include longer curing times and the use of field gradations for all mix designs.


One of the main benefits of multicast communication is the overall reduction of network load. To quantify this reduction, when compared to traditional unicast, experimental studies by Chuang and Sirbu indicated the so called power law which asserts that the ratio R(n) of the average number of links in a multicast delivery tree connecting n sites to the average number of links in a unicast path is Θ(n0.8). Our goal is to explain theoretically this behavior. Claiming that the essence of the phenomenon lies in the geometry of the internet and its modeling assumptions, we introduce the model of self-similar trees with similarity factor 0 ≤ θ < 1. Under this assumption, we analyze R(n) and prove that it is Θ(n1-θ). We also discuss some experimental results of real networks that confirm the power law and show that these networks have the self similar profile. In particular, we find experimentally that the power law holds with θ<inf>exp</inf> ≈ 0.12. Our theoretical findings are established by analytical techniques of the precise analysis of algorithms such as Mellin transform and complex asymptotics.


Rachel Carson's Silent Spring (1962) is perhaps one of the best known books among all envi-ronmental historians, even the ones who have not done their research in the history of agriculture, pest control, or toxic substances. It is no exaggeration to say that Silent Spring had a catalytic effect on the creation of an environmental revivaln the U.S. and Europe during the late 1960s and the 1970s. The very fact that environmental history exists as a field of study can in part be credited to Carson's work. Despite the importance of Silent Spring and the controversy over pesticides in sparking wi de intellectual interests in environmental matters, historical investigations have just begun to reconstruct the context and substance of Carson's battle. Whorton's Before Silent Spring (1974), Graham's Since Silent Spring (197U), and Dunlap's -DDT (1980) each developed im.portant aspects of the story.[1] In Efirs essay, another part of the subject is explored: the relationship among invention and innovation in pest control practices, the food supply, and hunger in the U.S. between 1920 and 1970.


This article discusses the interaction of children in groups during the reading of a dialogue book as a second language learning at school. An English native instructor at a kindergarten school is observed and recorded activities while reading picture books to children aged 5-6 years in a small group reading situation. Data analysis method used is qualitative content analysis. This study reveals that there are various group interactions, but it can provide opportunities for children to learn the language. Teachers in kindergarten also use a variety of learning strategies that involve linguistic and cognitive levels as classroom learning with children. The research will increase teachers' understanding of the importance of introducing language in kindergarten settings and can be useful for teachers to attend language training, especially English. Keywords—group interactions, dialog reading, kindergarten, language learning


Fifty years after the overthrow of St. Thomas and Thomistic Scholasticism in Catholic intellectual life in general and in Catholic philosophy and theology in particular, we are now witnessing a revival of Aristotelianism and Thomism in a place where one would have least anticipated it, mainstream Anglo-American analytic philosophy. This phenomenon has been relatively well-documented in the case of moral theory, but is less well known in two areas that from a Thomistic standpoint are more fundamental than moral theory, viz., philosophy of nature and philosophical anthropology. In my presentation, after highlighting certain consequences of the overthrow of Thomism, I will discuss this revival, along with some cognate developments within recent Catholic theology, with an eye toward giving some direction to the new generation of Catholic philosophers and theologians. 1. The Overthrow: Fifty Years Later First of all, I want to thank the Dominicans of the province of the Most Holy Name of Jesus and, more specifically, those associated with the Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology in Berkeley for inviting me to speak at this Dialogue between Philosophy and Theology. Indeed, while others are welcome to listen in, the intended audience for my presentation is precisely Catholic philosophers and theologians — and especially the younger ones, including graduate students. I know what you're thinking: "Oh, no, not one of those dreary talks by an old guy imparting 'wisdom' to us supposedly benighted young people." Sorry, all I can say in my defense is that I hope it is not too dreary, and I hope you are not too benighted. The truth is that I am desperate to find a receptive audience, given that nowadays at Notre Dame there are only a handful of graduate students in either theology or (especially) philosophy who are interested in St. Thomas or the other great Scholastic thinkers. And therein lies a tale: the tale of the overthrow of St. Thomas and Thomistic Aristotelianism in Catholic higher education and, more generally, in Catholic intellectual life throughout the 1960's and into the early 1970's. I begin my presentation with this tale mainly in order to discuss its lasting consequences rather than to dwell on its causes. As for the latter, there is more than enough blame to go around on all sides, as is evident from Philip Gleason's detailed and even-handed re-telling of the history of Catholic higher education in the 1950's and 1960's. By contrast, my main purpose in this paper is to talk about the past only in order to shed some light on the present and the short-term future. So there I was in the mid-1960's, a student in a diocesan seminary filled to the brim with Philip Gleason, Contending With Modernity: Catholic Higher Education in the Twentieth Century (Oxford, 1995), esp. pp. 287-304.


A long-standing goal in dynamical systems is to construct reduced-order models for high-dimensional spatiotemporal data that capture the underlying parametric dependence of the data. In this work, we introduce a deep learning technique to discover a single low-dimensional model for such data that captures the underlying parametric dependence in terms of a normal form. A normal form is a symbolic expression, or universal unfolding, that describes how a the reduced-order differential equation model varies with respect to a bifurcation parameter. Our approach introduces coupled autoencoders for the state and parameter, with the latent variables constrained to adhere to a given normal form. We demonstrate our method on one-parameter bifurcations that occur in the canonical Lorenz96 equations and a neural field equation. This method demonstrates how normal forms can be leveraged as canonical and universal building blocks in deep learning approaches for model discovery and reduced-order modeling.


Uncertainty was introduced in the certainty model and on the basis of the uncertainty,stochastic process correlation knowledge was employed to study the C-D function.That the C-D function as a solution meets the initial conditions was proved,which confirmed the solution to the probability of only 1.The character of Markov and diffusion of the only solution are analyzed.The flexibility of the output compute formula and ratio are given by using the excursion coefficient and diffusion coefficient.Model effectiveness was validated through actual case analysis.


The Muslim tourism market is rapidly growing on a global scale. The industry`s total value was calculated at 151 billion USD in 2015; more specifically, travel services entitled with Muslim-Friendly tourism were found to be worth 24 billion USD in the same year. With the rise of this particular consumer segment, Korea has begun to see an influx of Muslim tourists. In response, Korea`s domestic tourism industry is developing products and services that are compatible with the Islamic doctrine. Such products are referred to as `Islamic Tourism`, `Halal Tourism`, `Shariah Tourism`, and `Muslim-Friendly Tourism`. However, the conceptual definitions of these terms are still ambiguous, and they are often used interchangeably. The purpose of this study is to define various terminologies used in Muslim tourism market, and to analyze related controversies mentioned in previously published articles in Korea and abroad. Results of this analysis will be useful in creating products and services that are compatible with and sensitive to the needs of Muslim tourists.


Summary Various methods for inducing AA in rats were examined using different rat strains, adjuvant preparations, and sites of injection. The time course of the development of arthritis in the injected and nonin-jected extremity was determined and methods for inducing a disease with limited variability and a high incidence was demonstrated. Standard compounds were tested in two models of AA with special reference to denning a method for discriminating between inhibition due to immunosuppression (IS) and that due to anti-inflammatory (AI) effects. 12 daily doses of IS agents, started on the day of adjuvant injection, totally prevented the disease in the noninjected extremity when measurements were made on day 21. Standard AI agents were ineffective. This test (nonestablished arthritis) was therefore capable of detecting compounds with immunosuppressive potential. The same standard compounds were administered daily for 12 days after the peak of the disease had been reached (established arthritis). In this test the IS compounds were ineffective in reducing the disease in the injected extremity, whereas the anti-inflammatory agents inhibited the disease in a dose related manner. The results indicate that with the use of both models of AA it was possible to detect compounds which were selectively either AI or IS.


This paper analyzes the present satiation of the cost control of the project with lower bid price,expounds the idea for the cost control of the project with lower bid price,and points out the direction of he cost control of the project with lower bid price.


The words grammar and glamour come from the same Scots root, meaning the ability to beguile. For this author, there was nothing beguiling about the study of grammar in grade school. I needed to make it my own, to internalize it, recognize its power to create a sense of rhythmic assurance on the page, breath air into the actual stuff of narrative. The article includes a potted history of the development of grammar to illustrate how it helps bridge the gap between spoken language and its appearance on the page; the development of a flexible mechanism for formal patterning that is limber enough to roll with the punches if you care to use it creatively. To stop the action in any number of subtle ways, make a reader hesitate, or make the story race forward – to hold the reader in narrative thrall. This is the beguilement of grammar.


This study introduces a techno-economic planning strategy of reactive power (VAr) in power transmission systems. This planning strategy primarily has been focused on reactive power planning (RPP) through operating cost minimisation ensuring cost-oriented system security. The objective function (operating cost) is blended with four different components viz. cost due to real power loss, VAr generation cost, additional VAr compensation devices cost and line charging cost. FACTS (flexible AC transmission system) devices are installed at weak positions through different echelons to improve the system voltage stability. The authors also implemented the probabilistic hybridisation of crow search algorithm and JAYA to find out the optimal set of controlling parameters related to VAr. Finally, a sharp and minute analysis of the results has been done to validate the proposed strategy under multi-loading conditions. To understand the efficiency and efficacy the code profiling and simulation has been rendered on IEEE 30 bus and UPSEB 75 bus test system.


OBJECTIVE
To study the feasibility of monoamine neurotransmitters, serum glucose, serum glycerinate and cholesterol as objective indices for evaluating occupational stress.

METHODS
Job stressors, modifiers, job strains in 844 people with four kinds of occupation were investigated, and the concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters, glucose, glycerinate and cholesterol in blood were detected at the same time. The methods of multiple stepwise regression and covariance analysis were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS
There was close relationship between monoamine neurotransmitters and job stressors, the forecast of the equation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) was 0.7238, 0.5703, 0.4438 respectively, the critical values of them were 804.00, 226.00 and 275.00 ng/ml respectively. There was a little contribution of job stressors to the equation of glucose, glycerinate and cholesterol, the critical values were 6.40, 2.51 and 5.92 mmol/L respectively.

CONCLUSION
Monoamine neurotransmitters may be a direct objective evaluating indices. Sugar, glycerinate and cholesterol may be an indirect objective indices.


Glen, J.M.G., Schmidt, J., and Morin, R., 2007, Gravity and magnetic character of southcentral Alaska: Constraints on geologic and tectonic interpretations, and implications for mineral exploration, in Ridgway, K.D., Trop, J.M., Glen, J.M.G., and O'Neill, J.M., eds., Tectonic Growth of a Collisional Continental Margin: Crustal Evolution of Southern Alaska: Geological Society of America Special Paper 431, doi: 10.1130/2007.2431(23).


A short overview of the developments in the field of corr-osion, failures and corrosion protection, highlighting the contributions of National Metallurgical Lab oratory (NML)has been given. The aim is to introduce and publicise the achievements and focus the capabities of our reseach and development scientists to the customers. An attempt has been made to have a glimpse of the future long term vision of R & D Activities in the field


Hydrogen atom ejection and subsequent radical pair formation have been modeled in a simple atomistic study employing a BIOSYM amorphous polyethylene macrocell. Mean radical pair distances have been obtained for various maximum hydrogen displacement vibrational cone angles (o) in the model. o angles extrapolated from these data, which correspond to experimentally determined mean radical pair distances of Dubinskii et al. (ca. 5.6 A) and Iwasaki et al. (ca. 5.75 A), are found to be close to o angles calculated from hydrogen atom ejection theory. The Dubinskii et al. mean is thought to be the best determination, because the associated model o angle (ca. o = 15°) is the closest to o * angles calculated for excited states of methane. The simple computer model thus supports the mechanism of radical pair formation in solid n-hydrocarbons and polyethylenes. In corroborating the theory for radical pair formation, the theory for polyene crosslinking termination reactions in amorphous polyethylenes irradiated in the presence of acetylene is also supported, because the mechanism requires the prior formation of radical pairs that are separated by distances of the order of those found by Dubinskii et al. The model is transferable to the study of radical-pair reactions in solid n-hydrocarbons irrespective of branching and density variations. A distribution function of radical pair distances from this model, which corresponds to the Dubinskii et al. experimentally determined mean distance, is given for amorphous HDPE.


Gender in mystical and occult thought. Behmenism and its development in England. By B. J. Gibbons. (Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History.) Pp. xi + 251. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. £35 ($54.95)0 521 48078 7 This is a book for specialists, of interest to historians of theology and perhaps to historians of feminism. It considers some of the more bizarre ideas of the radicals of the seventeenth-century English Revolution, when Jacob Boehme's writings became very influential, together with those of his followers notably John Pordage and Jane Lead. Many of these ideas Gibbons describes a s ' so incredible and fantastic as to be out of place in serious reading'. But he emphasises their anticipation of feminism, explaining that 'the myth of androgyny (union of sexes in one individual) is embedded in the Genesis account of creation: both male and female were created in God's image'. Julian of Norwich thought that Sophia (Wisdom) is our father and our mother: 'the deep wisdom of the Trinity is our mother'. The Montanist prophetess Priscilla dreamt of Christ as a female figure. The idea that 'God is male and female' passed through Gnosticism into the Western occult tradition. Man is also an 'Hermaphrodite, or Male and Female subject to a Father that is both Male and Female'. John Scotus Erigena anticipated Boehme in seeing the Fall as a loss of androgyny, which Christ alone was able to repair, because he 'united the masculine and feminine in his single person'. The cult of the Virgin Mary added 'a fourth, feminine principle to the masculine Trinity'. There is a decided sexual element here. 'Take me in your arms', Boehme prayed Christ, 'like your own dear bride.' His first mystical experience he described in the words ' I was embraced with love as a bridegroom embraces his dear bride.' 'The wedding of the Lamb' occurs when 'the Virgin Sophia (as the worthy humanity of Christ) is married to the soul'. In the theology of the Jewish Cabala ' the covenant between God and man is understood in terms of a sexual union, in which man penetrates the divine feminine'. Francis Rous's language was even more frankly erotic when he told believers to 'look on Christ, so that thou mayest lust after him... It is a sin not to look, and not to lust having looked'. ' In the bed of love' Christ will 'murmur things inutterable.' Adam at first was a Man and also a Woman. 'Had he not fallen', Pordage observed, 'he had brought forth children of himself. There were two Falls of Man, the second the consequence of the first, for Adam had already fallen by turning his imagination from the heavenly to the earthly an act of adultery against the divine wisdom, Sophia, perpetrated by the female Adam's rejection of the male Adam's sexual advances. ' The second Fall is a fall from androgyny into gender; it is also a fall into matter.' Sophia is 'a power and spirit distinct from the Holy Trinity, and yet one with the Holy Trinity. Her relation to the Son...is a nuptial one, and so is her relationship with the Holy Spirit'. 'The Redemption regains the androgyny lost at the [first] Fall....The androgyny of Christ is therefore essential to the Redemption.' Adam's loss of androgyny explains heterosexual desire, a yearning for a lost wholeness: the 'longing will and desire of Man and Woman to Copulate' because they can no longer procreate asexually, for they are 'one body' in an almost literal sense. Christ is as much the second Eve as the second Adam. Boehme remained influential into the eighteenth century notably in the writings of John Pordage, Jane Lead and William Law. Gibbons concludes that for Boehme and Pordage 'it is the subordination of a masculine principle to a


Although most jurisdictions award sentence discounts to defendants who plead guilty, the exact magnitude of reductions awarded, and the factors determining the levels of reduction, remain underresearched. In addition, the limited research conducted to date in England and Wales has drawn on data sources that prevent the researcher from excluding the effect of factors correlated with the plea. This article reports original findings from a new sentencing database that draws its data directly from the sentencing judge. This jurisdiction is interesting also because courts must follow a sentencing guideline that contains specific recommendations regarding the appropriate discount. Analyses reveal that the plea‐based discounts are more modest than reported by previous researchers. In addition, the data reveal a significant degree of judicial compliance with the guideline, although some departures from the guideline are identified and discussed.


ubiquitous signalling proteins involved in control of cell growth, differentiation and adaptation (Fanger, 1999; Tibbles & Woodgett, 1999). Four parallel cascades of MAPKs have recently been described in mammalian cells, i.e. extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (MAPK), stress-activated protein kinase p38 (MAPK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (MAPK ), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (MAPK) (for review see Widmann et al. 1999). MAPKs are activated via dual phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine residues by MAPK kinases (Widmann et al. 1999). Factors that have been shown to trigger MAPK activation include hormones, growth factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lowered pH and mechanical stress (Guyton et al. 1996; Xue & Lucocq, 1997; Williams et al. 1998; Loufrani et al. 1999). Following activation, MAPKs can either phosphorylate different cytoplasmic targets or translocate to the nucleus and directly or indirectly affect transcription. Transcription factors such as Elk1, ATF2, AP1, CREB and MEF2C have been reported to be downstream of MAPKs (Widmann et al. 1999; Zetser et al. 1999). In addition, signals conducted via MAPK and MAPK may facilitate the initiation of translation via phosphorylation of Mnk1 kinase, which activates the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), the limiting initiation factor in most cells (for review see Raught & Gingras, 1999).


Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (TCDC) reporting criteria for identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) probable cases from fever patients of emergency departments (EDs). Method: A prospective study was conducted in the EDs of five hospitals during a SARS outbreak in Taiwan. The sensitivity, specificity, overtriage and undertriage rate of TCDC reporting criteria for identifying SARS case were also determined. Results: A total of 492 patients were included in the study. Among them, there were 21 SARS probable cases and 471 non-SARS patients. The reporting criteria had sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 81.1%, overtriage rate of 18.9%, and undertriage rate of 14.3% for identifying SARS probable cases. Conclusion: The reporting criteria of SARS suspected cases stated by TCDC could screen out majority of the SARS probable patients. However, precautions should still be taken towards febrile patients who do not fulfill the criteria for reporting.


DAP acknowledges support from a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual
Fellowship within the Horizon 2020 European Union
(EU) Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (H2020-
MSCA-IF-2014-660113). Support for this work was also provided
by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. The National Radio
Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation
operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities,
Inc. We acknowledge useful conversations with and comments
from D. A. Frail, and from D. Watson, M. Michalowski, and D. A.
Kann. We thank the referee for helpful comments. We also thank A.
Levan for supplying HST imaging for several of the host galaxies.


Recently, the memory-based approach, which performs non-local matching between previously segmented frames and a query frame, has led to significant improvement in video object segmentation. However, the positional proximity of the target objects between the query and the local memory (previous frame), i.e. temporal smoothness, is often neglected. There are some attempts to solve the problem, but they are vulnerable and sensitive to large movements of target objects. In this paper, we propose local memory read-and-compare operations to address the problem. First, we propose local memory read and sequential local memory read modules to explore temporal smoothness between neighboring frames. Second, we propose the memory comparator to read the global memory and local memory adaptively by comparing the affinities of the global and local memories. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm yields more strict segmentation results than the recent state-of-the-art algorithms. For example, the proposed algorithm improves the video object segmentation performance by 0.4% and 0.5% in terms of ${{\mathcal {J}}}\& {{\mathcal {F}}}$ on the most commonly used datasets, DAVIS2016 and DAVIS2017, respectively.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the rate of acquisition of resistance to linezolid and macrolides in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with different levels of susceptibility to penicillin and erythromycin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty strains of S. pneumoniae were tested by serial passages in subinhibitory concentrations of each antibiotic by the spiral method. The four copies of the 23S rRNA rrl gene of parent strains and linezolid-resistant mutants were amplified and sequenced.

RESULTS
The rate of acquisition of macrolide resistance did not differ when C-14 and C-16 macrolides were tested. Resistance to linezolid in strains susceptible to penicillin and erythromycin was difficult to produce. For mutants with low-level resistance to linezolid the cut-off value of the MIC was between 6 and 8 mg/L depending on the strain. All linezolid-resistant mutants displayed a mutation in 2-4 copies of the 23S rRNA rrl gene, mainly the G2576U mutation (27/30) with an additional C2610U mutation observed in certain mutants. Two new mutations were also noted, namely C2612A and C2571G. In three linezolid-resistant mutants no mutation was identified within the studied domain, suggesting another mechanism of resistance.

CONCLUSIONS
Linezolid resistance in pneumococcal strains susceptible to penicillin and macrolides was more difficult to obtain than with macrolides. Increased resistance to these agents may therefore influence the clinical use of linezolid.


The invention relates to a method for distinguishing gray and white brain substance from a time-dependent computertomographic image data set (x, y, z, t) of a perfusion CT examination, wherein a plurality of time-independent images (x, y, z) from the time-dependent image dataset ( x, y, z, t), a plurality of threshold histogram analyzes are performed to determine brain regions attributable to one or more types of brain substances, and then from the obtained information regarding the type and region of the brain matter using at least a logical link and at least one exclusion method, the region is determined with gray matter. Furthermore, the invention relates to a control and processing unit (C10) with storage medium in which a computer program or program module (Prgbis Prg) is deposited, which performs the described method in operation.


The aim of this study was to examine how social problems are described and constructed in the printed press from two different regions in the south of Sweden; the rural municipality of Svalov and the densely populated city Malmo. The study was based on news articles from the printed newspaper with the biggest daily circulation, from the respective areas. Articles relating to a predetermined array of social problems were collected from a ten-day period. The number of articles from the respective areas differed greatly, with the number of articles from the city being ten times greater than those from the rural municipality. The articles were analysed with constructs from Faircloughs Critical Discourse Analysis. Faircloughs method of analysing text with the aid of Systemic Functional Linguistics was replaced with the more versatile approach of Content Analysis. This proved to be a more suitable method of analysing a larger sample size. The process included distinguishing themes and identifying discourses in the articles from the two newspapers and comparing them. Findings showed that a disproportionately large percentage of the articles from both areas included the reporting of crimes, and in the case of Malmo, violent crimes and murder. Very few articles related to other kinds of social problems, for example poverty or substance abuse. Furthermore, the relation between the frequency of articles regarding murder in the Malmo newspaper and official statistics was found to be skewed; a calculation of ratio between the two showed that news about murder was greatly overrepresented in comparison to official statistics. Additionally, findings suggested that there are differences in how the two newspapers draw on other discourses, with the rural newspaper having a low level of interdiscursivity and the urban newspaper a relatively high level of interdiscursivity.


...................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY...........................................................1 Background and Context..........................................................................................7 Rationale and Significance of Study ......................................................................13 Conceptual Framework ..........................................................................................16 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ............................................................22 Evidence-based Inquiry .........................................................................................22 Facilitator's Role and Skills Needed......................................................................27 Professional Learning among Adults in Schools ...................................................33 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY .....................................................................................38 Participant Selection and Selection Criteria ..........................................................39 The School District ................................................................................................42 Data Collection ......................................................................................................46 Data Analysis .........................................................................................................50 Researcher Roles and Issues of Validity ................................................................51 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS..................................................................................................57 Introduction to Findings .........................................................................................57 Profiles of Facilitators – Background and Roles ...................................................59


Motivation: Processing of large data files is unavoidable in genomic pipelines. Many tools that do this are either stand-alone languages or command-line tools. There is an impedance mismatch when these tools are used with a host programming language to support more complex analysis. Results: A novel concept, Synchrony iterator, is introduced. It allows efficient algorithms underlying such tools to be easily expressed. As a demonstration, the powerful GenoMetric Query Language (GMQL) is emulated using Synchrony iterators in Scala/Python, and the resulting equivalents of these queries are very efficient. Notably, a user can freely intermix GMQL-like queries with other features of Scala/Python, thereby overcoming the impedance mismatch problem. Availability: Implementations of Synchrony iterator and Synchrony GMQL, in both Scala and Python 3, are available at https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~wongls/projects/synchrony. Contact: email@example.com and firstname.lastname@example.com


With the characteristics including fuzzy edges, high image noise, low pixels and contrast, X-ray images of weld defect are difficult to be effectively recognized. Various well-known deep network is used for improving image recognition performance, so that researchers pay more attention on weld defects detection by using deep network with stack structure. However, such stack structure shows some disadvantages, such as inaccuracy recognition on confusion feature, low uncertainty-handling efficiency, time-consuming and complex computation. In this paper, a propelled multiple fusion Deep Belief Network (PMF-DBN) structure with Fuzzy Classifiers (FC) is created for weld defect classification and recognition. The proposed PMF-DBN enjoy both the ability of DBN neural representation and the of capability of fuzzy representation in order to meet the requirements of variant image feature processing. Meanwhile, instead of time-consuming fine-tuning training, the outputs feature data of each layer is fused in a propelled way, by which effective feature extraction can be achieved. Experiments on weld defects multi-classification demonstrate effectiveness of the PMF-DBN. Compared with the DBN, PMF-DBN has higher recognition accuracy and better fitting performance.


Number Theory, along with geometry, is the oldest mathematical discipline. Today it is understood as discovering and studying properties of integers in various forms as they appear in nature and mathematics. Among oldest topics considered in Number Theory are squares of numbers, as well as sums and differences of squares of numbers in relation to geometric shapes. The oldest known written work, the clay tablet cataloged as Plimpton 322, dated 1800 BC, has been found in Larsa, Mesopotamia. In the interpretation of the work (e.g. [1]) it has been pointed out that sum of squares and difference of squares are connected as Pythagorean triplets


Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in cancer patients. Prevention and treatment of VTE are major issues in cancer patients. For prophylaxis in the surgical setting, once-daily subcutaneous injections of low molecular weight heparin (LMWHs) are as effective and safe as multiple doses of unfractionated heparin (UFH). Extending prophylaxis with LMWH beyond hospital discharge reduces the risk of postoperative thrombosis after abdominal surgery for cancer. The clinical benefit from antithrombotic prophylaxis in medical cancer patients remains uncertain. For the initial treatment of VTE, LMWHs are effective and safe. For the long-term treatment of VTE, LMWHs have been shown to be more effective than the vitamin K antagonists in preventing recurrent VTE in cancer patients. The preliminary observations that LMWHs are associated with reduction in cancer mortality deserve further interest.


In the article the author analyzes the compliance of the professional standard "Tutor of preschool educational establishment" of higher education in specialty 012 "Preschool education" in terms of professional training of future educators of GSE. There is some discrepancy between general and professional competencies in these documents. Inconsistencies will cause a number of problems and the future tutors (graduates) might face them while working in preschool educational establishments. After all, their level of training will not meet modern requirements and professional standards.
The article actualizes the problem of professional training of future specialists in accordance with modern requirements. A thorough analysis of the issue of continuity between preschool and primary education through the prism: compliance with higher education standards in specialties 012 "Preschool education" and 013 "Primary education" in the aspect of professional training of future tutors of GSE and primary school teachers on the implementation of pedagogical interaction in the context of continuity. There has been analyzed the presence of consensus on the issue of continuity, which is specified in the professional standards of "Tutor of GSE", "Teacher of primary school general education", which determined the regulation of normative documents to ensure continuity in the primary education sphere.
In addition, the article substantiates the organizational and pedagogical conditions under which continuity will be effectively ensured in practice: they include the revision of the program of professional training of future primary school teachers and teachers for pedagogical interaction in the context of continuity; normalization of the standard of higher education in the specialty 012 "Preschool education" in accordance with the professional standard "Preschool teacher"; development and mandatory introduction of disciplines "Continuity and prospects in the education and upbringing of children and students of preschool and primary education" during the training of future tutors and primary school teachers; inclusion in the tasks of industrial practice the issue of continuity between the initial links of education; coordination of professional methods of teaching and raising children in both links of education in order to ensure continuity, continuity and prospects; development of a single targeted focus of cooperation between GPE, primary school, family and the public in the context of continuity between the initial links of education; increasing the level of professional and pedagogical competence of teachers of both educational links.


Vitamin D is a fat soluble hormone, with a well explained function in bone fitness and calcium/phosphate metabolism. Current proofs have linked vitamin D to other physiological functions and pathological states. Addition of vitamin D supplements to the theorized (Minocycline, N-acetylcysteine and Aspirin) triple combined therapy to COVID-19, may improve the therapeutic efficacy of the joint therapy. Invivo and invitro laboratory experiments will confirm this theory about COVID-19 crisis.


Change point problem is studied in this paper and a statistical inference method is also proposed which can be used to infer whether change points exist, how many change point there are, which kind they are and where they are. A fact is that change point theory is aimed to solve some problems of nonlinear data processing by statistics. This paper establishes a new algorithm based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) which has self-organizing feature map (SOM) compared with the conventional approach to analyze change point and change degree. Change point can be applied to segment the phases of time series.


This paper addresses the problem of the electro-communication for weakly electric fish. In particular we aim at sheding light on how the fish circumvent the jamming issue for both electro-communication and active electro-sensing. Our main result is a real-time tracking algorithm, which provides a new approach to the communication problem. It finds a natural application in robotics, where efficient communication strategies are needed to be implemented by bio-inspired underwater robots.


The energy efficiency model has been developed to study the impact of competition between public transport modes in urban transport. The model is highly versatile and may be used for any number of travel modes and road types. The paper presents the development of the model and its application to the assessment of two competing modes - buses and minibuses. The case study evaluated the efficiency of passenger transport operations in the current situation and the impact of four future scenarios in the year 2000. A spontaneous growth of the minibus industry is one of the worst scenarios. It will have two negative effects: inefficient use of fuel, especially during critical peak periods, and reduction in the diesel fuel use leading to an imbalance in the petrol-diesel consumption split. The best scenario is based on the simultaneous growth of both bus and minibus industries and the reduction of car travel. The results of the analysis indicate that the best scenario, in spite of the 4 per cent annual growth in travel demand, will produce a higher fuel efficiency than the current traffic situation. The model was found to be a suitable predictive tool for the assessment of the fuel efficiency impact of modal shifts in passenger transport, and for the evaluation of the petrol - diesel fuel consumption balance. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no. 878368.


Adolescents show more risk taking behavior than children and adults. Most adolescents do not experience adverse consequences of this increased risk taking behavior. However, excessive risk taking can result in long term adverse consequences. To better target prevention efforts at those adolescents who are at risk for excessive risk taking, these adolescents should be identified early. Here we first test which statistical approach is best suited to predict the likelihood of risk taking behavior. We use data from a large, three wave longitudinal sample with 298 participants between the ages of 8-25 at the first measurement. We compare out-of-sample prediction performance of three different forms of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression models and a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection (LASSO) model. Results show that the LASSO model outperforms all three OLS regression models on out-of-sample prediction for prediction of risk taking two years later. Furthermore, we show how LASSO can be used to determine a criterion value of who is at risk for specific future behavior, in this case likelihood of excessive risk taking. This criterion value can be used for early identification of individuals at risk and can provide guidance on decisions about prevention efforts.


1. European Reed and Marsh warblers in Africa: migration patterns, moult and habitat. F. Dowsett-Lemaire and R. J. Dowsett. 1987. Ostrich 58:65-85.--From banding records and specimen data the authors compiled information on the African movements of the European Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) and the European Marsh Warbler (A. palustris). Reed warblers from western Europe migrate through northwest Africa to winter in west Africa. Eastern and some central European birds move through northeastern Africa and winter in central and eastern Africa, with some of these birds stopping in northeast Africa to molt into basic plumage first. Some reed warblers return north via the central Sahara. Marsh warblers were found to migrate entirely through the Middle East to northeast Africa, where they spend autumn before moving on to southeastern Africa, where they winter. Both species prefer dense scrub and tall grass in their winter range, avoiding competition through allopatry. Possible explanations for this shift in habitat preference by A. scirpaceus are offered. Timing of molt, migratory weight changes, and site fidelity are also delineated.--Malcolm F. Hodges, Jr.


Single InAs quantum dots grown on an InP vicinal substrate are studied using polarized microphotoluminescence. The study of electron-hole exchange energy splitting reveals that the energy splitting is influenced by quantum confinement. The biexciton binding energies found for single dots grown on the vicinal substrate (around 2.4meV) are high as compared to those of dots grown on an InP(001) substrate and this is attributed to a difference in spatial confinement. Moreover, the quantum dot size is shown to influence directly the biexciton binding energy.


AbstractA review of the theories of cathodic protection has shown that a gradual improvement has taken place in the description of thefundamental principles. At the present time electrode kineticsprovide the most suitable basis for further improvement of the theory. Experimental results show that 'jullprotection' cannot be achieved, and so the criteria of protection have to be associated with a permitted value of corrosion rate. Criteria for cathodic protection have been determined for corrosion systems of steel-potable water saturated with air, steel-potable water saturated with hydrogen sulphide, and steel-potable water saturated with sodium chloride. In practice the form of corrosion damage is very important and this depends on theformation of corrosion cells. The operation of corrosion cells is incorporated in the improved theory of cathodic protection.


This paper described the present condition and development tendency systemically and comprehensively of the new rural cooperation medical scheme in China from the aspects of health service,cooperative medical financing mechanism,use of compensation fund and health cost control in rural area.


This article discusses the impact of airline deregulation on labour relations. It looks at price competition, wage‐cutting, "hard‐nosed" bargaining, strike‐breaking cadres of permanent employees and the detailed effects of the changes in attitudes and the bargaining environment. The implications for and responses of both unions and management are examined.


Abstract Many hot springs are located around the shoreline of the breached caldera in which the township of Rabaul stands. The hydrology and chemical analyses suggest that there is convective circulation of sea water in a zone of subsidence close to two young volcanoes. The total heat flow is not known and there appears to be little thermo-artesian pressure or hot water storage, but it may nevertheless be possible to exploit a part of the hydrothermal field to supply Rabaul's power requirements. Further investigation and test drilling are required before a final assessment of the project can be made.


We consider the exchangeable fragmentation-coagulation (EFC) processes, where the coagulations are multiple and not simultaneous, as in a $\Lambda$-coalescent, and the fragmentations dislocate at finite rate an individual block into sub-blocks of infinite size. Sufficient conditions are found for the block-counting process to explode (i.e. to reach $\infty$) or not and for infinity to be an exit boundary or an entrance boundary. In a case of regularly varying fragmentation and coagulation mechanisms, we find regimes where the boundary $\infty$ can be either an exit, an entrance or a regular boundary. In the latter regular case, the EFC process leaves instantaneously the set of partitions with an infinite number of blocks and returns to it immediately. Proofs are based on a new sufficient condition of explosion for positive continuous-time Markov chains, which is of independent interest.


By performing second-order renormalization group analysis on thin arrays of 4-Angstrom (5,0) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in aluminophosphate–five (AFI) zeolite crystals, we identify singlet superconductivity instability to be dominant at low temperatures, attributable to the screening of the electron-electron Coulomb interaction in the array configuration. Our analysis also shows that there is a crossover as the system scales to lower energy/temperatures, whereby one-dimensional (1D) superconductivity is the ground state, but the response function of the Peierls distortion/charge density wave (CDW) order dominates at the higher energy regime. This crossover behavior indicates that for a thin array of (5,0) CNTs the CDW order may represent an excited state of the array, so that the CDW characteristics can appear at finite temperatures, in conjunction with 1D superconductivity. Experimental results are presented to support this interpretation.


The aim of the article is to analyze the politics of the Serbian Kingdom towards the newly created situation in Ottoman Macedonia, caused by the Young Turks Revolution in 1908. The activities of the Serbian Chetnik organization in Ottoman Macedonia were discontinued as a special Serbian political organization was established. The organisation was mostly interested in the following agenda: regulating the status of the so called "Serbian people" in the Ottoman Empire; regular use of the national name "Serb" instead of the general term "Rum"; expansion of the patriarchies privileges to the "Serbs" in Ottoman Macedonia.


Keeping protein molecules in the active state on a solid surface is essential to protein microarrays and other protein‐based biosensors. Here, we show that the 2‐D chemical environment controls the refolding of the denatured green fluorescent proteins tethered to solid surfaces. Refolding occurs readily on the repulsive PEG functionalized surface but is inhibited on the attractive –NH2 functionalized surface. This result shows the critical importance of the 2‐D chemical environment in the maintenance and revival of protein activity on surfaces and opens the door to designing 2‐D molecular chaperones for protein folding.


why some societies were poor and in need whereas some others were more productive and wealthier, when compared to the rest. He emphasized the overwhelming importance of motivation in his reply (as cited in Maehr & Midgley, 1991). Today, the importance of motivation in every field, particularly in education, is acknowledged as a critical need to lead a society's future. The study of the effects of motivation on schooling and learning is not new. Why does one learn? What is the purpose of fulfilling a task or action? What purposes are functional for the learning individual? Previous studies showed that students' perceptions and beliefs in themselves and their academic competency influenced their academic achievement (Greene & Miller, 1996; Leondari & Gialamas, 2002). In recent years, studies of the cognitive and motivational factors affecting students' attitudes towards learning and their beliefs in academic achievement suggested two motivational factors in the first place: implicit theories of intelligence and achievement goals (Ames, 1992; Dweck & Leggett, 1988; Leondari & Gialamas, 2002; Maehr & Midgley, 1991). Implicit theories of intelligence describe a person's beliefs and perceptions concerning the nature of intelligence—whether it is a constant or a changable entity. Previous studies showed that the way students perceived intelligence—as a constant, unchangable entity or a changable and improvable entity—influenced their cognitive and affective behavior in an academic environment (Dweck & Leggett, 1988; Faria, 1996). The second motivational factor examined in terms of students' beliefs and perceptions concerning achievement is achievement goals. Studies of motivation and achievement in the late 1980s and early 1990s focused particulary on the role of aims/goals included in learning activities (Ames & Ames, 1988; Maehr & Midgley, 1991). In the last 15 years in particular, the goal orientation theory (GOT) appeared to be a new and leading trend in motivation studies (Jagacinski & Duda, 2001; Midgley et al., 1998). Weiner (1990) defines the goal-orientation theory as "a major new direction, one pulling together different aspects of achievement


Due to the worldwide strengthening of the automotive sector, it presents itself as a challenge for the companies that comprise it to immerse themselves in processes of continuous improvement that contribute to increasing the satisfaction of the needs of its customers, as well as achieving a better positioning in the market. This goal is impossible to reach without proper design and management of the supply chain, consideration of issues related to logistics and inclusion of innovative techniques. In the chapter, the authors considered a manufacturing cell responsible for making the assembly of seats for the automotive industry. Waiting times and blocking of machines are incurred by not using the optimum number of vehicles to be used for the transfer of materials and the capacity with which they should count. The objective of this research is to know near-optimum quantities and capacities of the vehicles, materialistic cars, to avoid this situation. The use of mathematical formulations, simulation, and optimization techniques will be used to solve the problem.


Using the method of quantum statistics, combining the c haracteristics of photon gas, the heat performance of photon gas have been studi es. The distribution of photon gas, the Plank law and the Stefan_Boltzmann law h ave been proved. And the internal energy, heat capacity, free energy, enthalpy, Gibbs function, adiabatice coefficient have been gotten.


How and why an agent looks at its environment can inform its navigation, behaviour and interaction with the environment. A human agent's visual-motor system is complex and requires both an understanding of visual stimulus as well as adaptive methods to control and aim its gaze in accordance with goal-driven behaviour or intent. Drawing from observations and techniques in psychology, computer vision and human physiology, we present techniques to procedurally generate various types of gaze movements (head movements, saccades, microsaccades, and smooth pursuits) driven entirely by visual input in the form of saliency maps which represent pre-attentive processing of visual stimuli in order to replicate human gaze behaviour. Each method is designed to be agnostic to attention and cognitive processing, able to cover the nuances for each type of gaze movement, and desired intentional or passive behaviours. In combination with parametric saliency map generation, they serve as a foundation for modelling completely visually driven, procedural gaze in simulated human agents.


Present study focuses on optimization of drilling process parameters during machining of AISI 317 L stainless steel workpiece on Vertical Machining Centre (VMC). To achieve higher dimensional accuracy, maximum circularity and minimum surface roughness, the best optimal level of input process parameters has to be chosen carefully. Hence, in this study cutting speed has been considered at three levels 500, 800 and 1100 rpm and feed rate at 50, 75 and 100 mm min−1 levels. Further, two different drill materials were considered for experimentation namely, HSS and CARBIDE. Experiments were designed using Taguchi mixed orthogonal array L36 as two factors were at three levels and one factor was at two levels. For designing experimental layout and further analysis MINITAB statistical software was used. Based on experimental results and analysis it was observed that cutting speed of 1100 rpm, feed rate of 50 mm min−1 and HSS drill materials resulted in optimal values of dimensional accuracy, circularity and surface roughness. The Monte carlo simulation sensitivity charts illustrated that the drill material is a most effective parameter for the Accuracy 39.9% and for Circularity 49.1% and feed is a most effective parameter for Surface Roughness 54.8%.


A woven textile-form is a form that is constructed simultaneously as the textile is woven. Interfaces designed with this approach hold undisclosed potential for rich interactions. However, the design of woven textile-form interfaces requires specialised tacit knowledge, which is limited even in craft and practice spaces; and it is therefore inaccessible to HCI designers. To bridge this gap, we present the material-driven journey of a multidisciplinary team to design a woven textile-form interface using various techniques such as paper models and diagrams to design for multi-layer weaving. Replacing traditional yarns with conductive yarn, we achieved woven textile-forms with electronic sensing capabilities. By outlining our process, the pictorial highlights the challenges and opportunities of textile-form thinking for HCI designers. Additionally, its printed version serves as a 'paper prototyping tool' for designers to gain hands-on experience developing textile-form interfaces.


The objectives, quality improvement, including reduction of variability and improved process and product performance, often are accomplished directly using RSM (Montgomery 2001). It is well known that variation in key performance characteristics will result in poor processes and product quality. Considerable attention is given to process quality, and methodology is developed for using experimental design, specifically for the following:


This paper explores the conflict between the Arab political strategies with its nation in order to identify the struggle of the Arab nation with the state system (nation-state) and the Arab nation's struggle for its unity. The concepts of new nationalism and old nationalism are used in the analysis in order to expose the conflict between the ethnic nationalism Haweyya Qawmeyya and the new political nationalism Haweyya Wataneyya. These two aspects of the nationalist struggles highlight the crisis, known as Arab Spring that afflicts the Arab world today. It is argued that the suppression of the political struggles to assert a new civic state identity collides with the original ethnic identity. Drawing from the novel of Munis Arrazzaz's Alive In The Dead Sea that shows the protagonist's struggle with two forms of nationalist ideals, we illustrate how the novelist foreshadows the Arab national unity crisis with its political strategies and the current conflict that beleaguers the present Arab world.


to the following referee comment. The extended paragraph (new passage in italic letters): The grid-size in x-direction was predefined by the size of the geocryologic model. Array length and number of electrodes were adjusted for each of the applied electrode spacings to fit the grid size of the geocryologic model. To achieve an even array length in relation to the number of electrodes grid size in x-direction slightly differs between 2 m, 3 m, and 5 m arrays. Extended description for Fig1: Grid size in ydirection for each different setup is based on the assumption of using 36 electrodes per array. Maximum grid size in x-direction is predefined by the geocryologic model.


This paper explores the Gestalt therapy meanings to psychopathological phenomena, especially those known as "psychotic". It shows the emphasis given by Perls...


In order to reserve the resolving ability of multiple features without increasing the dimension of features,a hierarchical model for human action recognition based on normalized R-transform is proposed.The first layer is to classify the query action into a category according to the normalized R-transform on MEI which suggests where the movement occurs.The second layer is to determine which class the action belongs to.Based on the divide and conquer principle,different classes use different strategies.Star skeleton and the width ratio as well as the height ratio of key poses are chosen to recognize actions in the Weizmann and ViHaSi which are publicly available databases.The proposed method has obtained 92.47% and 96.67% accuracy respectively.The experiments highlight the advantages of this approach.


"Political Corruption in Ireland 1922-2010: A Crooked Harp?" Elaine A. Byrne. Manchester University Press. March 2012. --- This book empirically maps the decline in standards since the inauguration of Irish independence in 1922, to the loss of Irish economic sovereignty in 2010, offering important perspectives on corruption theory. Elaine A. Byrne argues that the definition of corruption is an evolving one and that the Irish party system, political culture, and media have all influenced the character of Irish corruption. Bizarre case studies will be of use to historians and political scientists, writes Jason Brock.


An approach to the control of a robot manipulator in grasping a simple moving target with constant speed is presented. A layered neural network architecture-based controller has been developed. It can automatically learn visual motor coordination for the fast reaching movements required in grasping a moving target. A learning scheme known as two-phase learning is described for teaching the skill to the controller. Learning in the controller is achieved through a sequence of trial movements without the presence of a 'teacher'. Visual feedback showing the action of the controller is used to adapt it so as to reduce the error between the target and the robot's gripper.<<ETX>>


Field studies of use of torpor by heterothermic endotherms suffer from the lack of a standardized threshold differentiating torpid body temperatures (Tb) from normothermic Tb's. This threshold can be more readily observed if metabolic rate (MR) is measured in the laboratory. I digitized figures from the literature that depicted simultaneous traces of MR and Tb from 32 respirometry runs for 14 mammal species. For each graph, I quantified the Tb measured when MR first began to drop at the onset of torpor (Tb‐onset). I used a general linear model to quantify the effect of ambient temperature (Ta) and body mass (BM) on Tb‐onset. For species lighter than 70 g, the model was highly significant and was described by the equation
\documentclass{aastex}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{pifont}
\usepackage{stmaryrd}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{portland,xspace}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra}
\usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc}
\newcommand\cyr{
\renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr}
\renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss}
\renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2}
\normalfont
\selectfont}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr}
\pagestyle{empty}
\DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6}
\begin{document}
\landscape
$$T_{\mathrm{b}\,- \mathrm{onset}\,}=( 0.055\pm 0.014) \mathrm{BM}\,+( 0.071\pm 0.031) T_{\mathrm{a}\,}+( 31.823\pm 0.740) $$
\end{document} . To be conservative, I recommend use of these model parameters minus 1 standard error, which modifies the equation to
\documentclass{aastex}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{pifont}
\usepackage{stmaryrd}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{portland,xspace}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra}
\usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc}
\newcommand\cyr{
\renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr}
\renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss}
\renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2}
\normalfont
\selectfont}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr}
\pagestyle{empty}
\DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6}
\begin{document}
\landscape
$$T_{\mathrm{b}\,- \mathrm{onset}\,}-1\,\mathrm{SE}\,=( 0.041) \mathrm{BM}\,+( 0.040) T_{\mathrm{a}\,}+31.083$$
\end{document} . This approach provides a standardized threshold for differentiating torpor from normothermia that is based on use of energy, the actual currency of interest for studies of torpor in the wild. Few laboratory studies have presented the time‐course data required to quantify Tb‐onset, so more data are needed to validate this relationship.


We make a systematic comparison of wind speed computed from the advanced land observing system (ALOS) phased array type L-band synthetic aperture radar (PALSAR) against wind speed analyses from an operational weather model. The standard deviation of the residual difference is very similar to results from C-band synthetic aperture radars (SARs) on Radarsat-2 and Envisat when compared against models, albeit with a systematic and easily removed bias. Results are limited to HH-polarization data. There is little available VV-polarization data over water.


The learning model in the 21st century is a dispute that has not been properly resolved. The form of disputes from learning problems is a measure of the success of the education system in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to minimize problems, obstacles and chaos in learning in the BBC IAI campus environment. The teaching system on campus prioritizes the development of digital access. The involvement of digital aspects needs to be considered, such as improving facilities that support Android phones, Laptops, WFI, Projectors, Infocus, as well as the compatibility between hardware and software. This research method is a qualitative type of phenomenological design. The results of this study describe that students at the BBC IAI campus have access to an online-based learning system. There are features on the e-campus consisting of several features including discussion columns, task uploads, material uploads, videos, audio, references, attendance, lecturer notes and exams and assessments, lecturers and students can see digital footprints where students and lecturers can access using features e campus for the implementation of online learning applications Jitsi, google meet, Skype, Zoom, Big Blue Button, Whatsapp Group, there is a feature in the notes section for lecturer instructions before learning begins equipped with online absences, the completeness of the e campus feature can make it easier for students, lecturers in the learning process with learning innovations to increase the value of creativity for lecturers and students.


The equations of motion of the droplet can be represented by a mechanical analogue, in order to illustrate the dynamical behaviour.


Anisotropic etching of tungsten submicrometre features has been achieved with an electron-cyclotron-resonance-generated SF/sub 6//Ar plasma. The process is suitable for W Schottky gates for highspeed, high-power GaAs transistors. Tungsten gate sidewall profiles are evaluated as a function of RF bias.


Disclosed is a negative electrode active material for an electricity storage device, which contains at least SnO in the composition thereof. The negative electrode active material for an electricity storage device is characterized by having a composition that contains, in mol% in terms of oxides, 70-95% of SnO and 5-30% of P 2 O 5 (excluding 70% of SnO and 30% of P 2 O 5 ).


The invention relates to a method, an arrangement and a product, wherein a plurality of nodes (K) is provided, which are designed for the processing of medical images (B). After determination of the specific workflow for processing the image data (B) decentralized relevant nodes are determined (K) that have the functionality for execution of the particular workflow. Then, the image data (B) in the image data subset (S), based on the workflow, and dedicated allocated to the relevant nodes (K) transmitted for the purpose of processing.


The enhancement of laser-induced fluorescence by intense terahertz pulses was studied both theoretically and experimentally using selected gases. Semiclassical physical picture incorporating photoionization, electron heating, impact excitation, and dissociative recombination was used to explain the plasma dynamics under terahertz radiation in picosecond scale. The dependences of enhanced fluorescence on the terahertz field, laser intensity, and atomic properties were systematically investigated with neon, argon, krypton, xenon, methane ( CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), and n-butane (C4H10) gases. In noble gas plasma, both narrow line emission and broad continuum emission were found to be enhanced by the terahertz field. Their enhancement ratios and time-dependent enhanced fluorescence are greatly influenced by the scattering cross section and ionization potential of atoms. In alkane gas plasma, the enhancement of the fluorescence emission from various molecular fragments was also observed.


By using the example of a contemporary thesis (Engelhardt and moral friends), this paper seeks to analyze alternative ways to reformulate the natural law theory of the universality of law, within a framework in which all metaphysical grounding of the norms have been suppressed. Different ways are considered to fulfil this task: (i) to insist in direct grounding, as in the classic natural law theory, (ii) to replace ontological foundation by other kind of grounding (Finnis and neokantians), or (iii) to embrace contemporary hermeneutic theories, either by accepting an ontologically-based hermeneutics, consistent with classical natural law theory, or by searching contact points of the latter with poststructuralism.


An effective maintenance program should be such that the basic objective is achieved with minimum possible expenditure. The availability of turbine, and chiefly the operating reliability, depends on the satisfactory operation of its control, protection of ancillary equipment such as pumps etc. The study deals with the tests and maintenance necessary to ensure good operating reliability for the turbine. Keywords— Fault tracing, Maintenance, Overhauls, Turbine.


Results The diagnosis of GIST is established by histology supplemented by the immunohistochemical marker CD117, which is positive in 95% of cases. The most common site of the tumour is the stomach. Most GIST are benign with 20–30% malignant. Five-year survival for malignant GIST ranges between 35% and 65% and depends primarily on tumour size, mitotic index and location. The malignant behaviour of GIST is best assessed by invasion of adjacent structures and distant metastases. The gold standard for treatment is surgical resection. Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the primary therapy for unresectable, recurrent or metastatic disease.


Objective: To judge the female progesterone receptor proteins in the biological behavior of endometrial carcinoma tissue, for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma.
Methods: In October 2012 to 2012 years in our hospital's collection of 79 example intrauterine membrane carcinoma specimens, 48 cases of normal endometrium and 51 cases of atypical hyperplasia of endometrium specimens were collected as specimens for analysis, using immunohistochemical method to three kinds of tested specimens of female progesterone receptor protein expression, analysis of the female progesterone receptor protein in normal endometrium, atypical hyperplasia of endometrium and endometrial carcinoma tissue expression differences of endometrial carcinoma tissues and research the female progesterone receptor protein expression and clinical pathological characteristics and treatment outcome of correlation.
Results: The G1 stage endometrial cancer patients with female progesterone receptor protein positive expression rate (21.16%) is significantly higher than grade G3, G3 endometrial cancer of the female progesterone receptor protein positive expression rate (34.78% and 30.77%), compared with significant difference (P<0.05); I period surgical pathology in patients with endometrial cancer of the female progesterone receptor protein positive expression rate (51.51%) was significantly higher than that of IIIV surgical pathology in patients with endometrial cancer of the female progesterone receptor protein positive expression rate (37.50%, 29.41% and 46.13%), compared with significant difference (P<0.05); Positive expression in patients with postoperative cumulative survival rate (86.67%) is significantly higher than the negative expression in patients with postoperative cumulative survival rate (71.05%), compared with significant difference (χ2=1.556, P<0.05).
Conclusion: Positive protein expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors may be served as the reference indicator for prognostic observation of treatment for patients with endometrial cancer.


Aimed at the investigative situation at present of hydraulic turbines and the problem of their low efficiency,the contracting tube on the volute of a single-stage hydraulic turbine was investigated.And the performance curve of the hydraulic turbine was received by using the software ANSYS for different outlet section of volute.The effect of different outlet sections of volute on the performance of the hydraulic turbine and the distribution of pressure and velocity fields were analyzed and the energy loss in outlet tube of volute was calculated for different volute outlet sections.It was found by the investigation that when the centrifugal pump was taken as a hydraulic turbine,the efficiency of the remolded hydraulic turbine by means of changing the outlet section of the volute would be higher than the efficiency of the centrifugal pump used directly as turbine without any change.And along with the increasing of outlet area of volute,hydraulic loss in contracting tube of volute would be gradually decrease.


E3qaThis paper is titled Understanding Child's Right to Primary Education: A Panacea for Achieving National Values in Nigeria. The paper examined the child's right to education and how it will be of benefit to achieving National Values in Nigeria, Every child has the right to education in Nigeria, education that aims to develop his or her personality, talents, mental and physical abilities to the fullest extent. Education should foster respect for a child's parents, for the child's own cultural identity, language and values, as well as for the cultural background and values of others. It also explore the fundamental rights; child's right to education as outlined by different national and international instruments. Other areas covered by the paper are: Primary Education and National Values, Child's Right to Education among other things. Finally the paper recommends that State of emergency shall be introduced across the country, feeding and allowances shall be given to the children in public schools, to ensure they have an access to education.


The purpose of Liu Ya-zi doing research on the dramatic theory and joining in the dramatic activities is to propaganda to be against Qing dynasty and later to be against Yuan Shi-kai for guarding the gains of the Revolution of 1911, and then to be against Japanese saving the nation for democracy. The core of his theory and aim of his activities is to serve the new democracy.


During the period of social transition, there exists a law of the combination of "discarding the old" and "accepting the new". The combination of "discarding" and "accepting " completes the replacement of the old values with the new ones. This process is usually completed by drawing on the interaction between the radiation of nuclear values and the centralization of border values. During the interaction, nuclear values take the dominant position, but meanwhile, should be liberal to other values. Besides, a value system of nuclear values being dominant and combined with various values embodys the objective and ideal of value in a particular society. This system acts as a driving force on the members of a society, impelling people to seek higher values. That is the so-called timely ascending law of value objective.


Editor's note: this contribution was submitted by the authors on behalf of the Eco-DAS 2018 Group. The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) is a community whose members explore innovative research and education across the full spectrum of aquatic sciences. For Early Career Researchers (ECRs), who comprise approximately half of the ASLO membership, the value, energy, and advantages of ASLO are clearly evident, yet the path to becoming an active member of the community is often unclear. ASLO programs that support ECRs can provide that path and cultivate lifelong membership and engagement in the society. The Ecological Dissertations in the Aquatic Sciences (Eco-DAS) symposium, supported by ASLO and the National Science Foundation (OCE-1356192), is designed to do just that; gathering ECRs from across the world for an intensive week of sharing their science, thinking deeply about new interdisciplinary ideas, and building collaborations to make them a reality (Kelly et al. 2017). Bringing together a diverse group of people often results in new, exciting scientific concepts and productive, new collaborative teams. Eco-DAS has been successful in doing this over the years, with collaborations that have resulted in both peer-reviewed publications and published symposia proceedings (Kelly et al. 2017). Programs such as EcoDAS, which support the development of the professional knowledge and networks of ECRs at a transitional career state, are imperative for our careers as researchers. For ASLO itself, Eco-DAS serves as a foundational network for ALSO's future scientists. The leadership provided by Dr. Paul Kemp, the lead organizer of Eco-DAS, is key to the success of the symposium. To acknowledge and thank Paul for his investment of time and energy in the success of Eco-DAS, we the participants of Eco-DAS XIII (2018; Fig. 1; http://eco-das.org/ participants2018.htm) have made a financial contribution to ASLO, in support of ASLO activities and initiatives that fund ECRs. We recognize that investing in the future of ASLO is an investment in the future of the aquatic sciences. The ability of our community to continue to address the increasingly complex scientific problems facing aquatic systems is dependent upon cultivating the next generation of skilled researchers with diverse and collaborative professional networks. Therefore, we encourage other ASLO members to consider providing financial support for ECRs as a way to invest directly in the future of our scientific society and scientific progress.


Soil compaction and related parameters play a pivotal role in the material selection process for earth constructions. Because of time limitations and attention to completion resources, the need to develop models for predicting compaction properties is felt more than ever (i.e., maximum dry unit weight ( γdmax ) and optimum moisture content ( ωopt )) using easily measured index properties. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of conventional SVR, ensembled (additive regression (AD-SVR)), and hybrid SVR (imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA-SVR)) models for predicting the maximum dry unit weight ( γdmax ) and optimum water content ( ωopt ) related to proctor compaction test of lateritic soils, where the used dataset was collected from published literature from specific sites. Results depict that all developed models have acceptable efficiency in predicting the γdmax with R2 larger than 0.844 and 0.719, and the ωopt with R2 larger than 0.732 and 0.714 for the training and testing data, respectively, representing the acceptable correlation between observed and predicted values. The results of all SVR models were better than the literature, in which the hybrid ICA-SVR model outperformed other models by considering performance criteria. Overall, the hybrid ICA-SVR algorithm could get the most suitable results than others for estimating both γdmax and ωopt. The ICA-SVR model outperforms other approaches and demonstrates the optimization algorithm's capacity throughout the optimization process.


The stability of the Indian summer monsoon is investigated by means of a box model of the tropical atmosphere. At the heart of this model is the moisture‐advection feedback which allows for the existence of two stable regimes: besides the "wet" summer monsoon, a stable state exists which is characterized by low precipitation. The model is employed for the identification of changes in the qualitative systems behavior in response to changes in boundary conditions. The most notable result is the occurrence of saddle‐node bifurcations against changes in those quantities which govern the heat balance of the system, i.e., the planetary albedo, the insolation, and the CO2 concentration. These findings are remarkable insofar as they indicate that anthropogenic perturbations of the planetary albedo, such as sulphur emissions and/or land‐use changes, or natural variations in insolation and CO2 concentration could trigger abrupt transitions between different monsoon regimes.


The current global trends lead to fulfilment of specified environmental and economic objectives in all sectors of national economies. Buildings form a basic pillar of smart cities concept where all life processes and nerve centres of social life are read, in order to radically improve quality of life, opportunity, prosperity, social and economic development, thanks to the use of the new technology. The building sector has been identified by various studies as a sector that offers considerable potential for the cost-effective reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, making it an important field for climate protection action. A significant role towards realizing these objectives has in particular the implementation of the latest technologies and technical procedures in all processes at all levels. Smart buildings are no longer considered individually, but as a part of complex ecosystem. They must be adapted to the expectations of future users if they are to be properly used. This paper deals with the problematics of current technological, environmental and economic trends in renewal of residential buildings.


THE stabilization of an industry is unquestionably assisted where the executives of that industry have available and use systematically that body of facts which have come to be known as trade association statistics. This is not an academic assertion; the experiences of representative industries have established the fact. No more convincing statement of its truth can be presented than that appearing in the opinion of the United States Supreme Court in the so-called Maple Flooring Manufacturers Association case. That statement is as follows:


The deformation and support method of roadways have always been important issues in safemining and production. Vinacomin's statistics show that, by 2021, there will be 64.19 km of roadwaysthat need to be repaired (accounting for 25% of the total new roadways). Thus, the problem of maintainingroadway stability is facing difficulties in underground coal mines in Vietnam. To find out the causes ofroadway failures, a case study at roadways of the Khe Cham I and Khe Cham III coal mines, Vietnam, ispresented in this paper. Based on the results of a detailed field survey, the deformation characteristics ofroadways and the failure mode of support structures were investigated. The results show that the roadwaydeformation is severe and the main support cannot control surrounding rock mass. Also, the destructionof support structure is frequent on reused roadways, affecting production efficiency and work safety.Therefore, to reduce deformation and increase roadway stability, a new support method called "multistageanchor of rock bolt + cable bolt" has been developed and a new longwall mining system with criticalcoal pillar width has been proposed. The new findings of the research can provide references for scientificstudies, and apply them in Vietnam's underground coal mine practices.


Tray for transporting products. # The tray is formed from a sheet (1) defining a bottom (2), and a pair of lateral (3) and a pair of end walls (4) defining four corners, comprising each side (3) a central flap (3a) which is fixed on the inside of the side (3) and each end wall (4) comprising an average flap (4a) which is fixed on the inside of the front wall (4) and a outer side flaps (4b) fixed on the outside of said side (3), and characterized in that said outer side flaps (4b) are fixed on the outside of said sides (3) extending exceeding the end of the central flap (3a) of each side (3). # a very resistant tray during use and handling is achieved because it includes at least one layer or thickness in all parts.


We report the analysis of short‐term ground‐based observations of the exospheric Na emission (D1 and D2 lines) from Mercury, which was characterized by two high‐latitude peaks confined near the magnetospheric cusp footprints. During a series of scheduled observations from the Télescope Héliographique pour l'Etude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaires (THEMIS) telescope, achieved by scanning the whole planet, we implemented a series of extra measurements by recording the Na emission from a narrow north‐south strip only, centered above the two emission peaks. Our aim was to inspect the existence of short‐term variations, which were never analyzed before from ground‐based observations, and their possible correlation with interplanetary magnetic field variations. Though Mercury possesses a miniature magnetosphere, characterized by fast reconnection events that develop on a timescale of few minutes, ground‐based observations show that the exospheric Na emission pattern can be globally stable for a prolonged period (some days) and also exhibits fluctuations in the time range of tens of minutes.


THE AUTHORS DESCRIBE THE CONSTRUCTION OF NON SKID BITUMINOUS SURFACINGS UNDER LOCAL CONDITIONS IN RUMANIA. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE MIX DESIGN, CHIPPINGS USED IN THE MIXTURE, AND BITUMINOUS BINDER AND FINES. THE RESULTS OBTAINED WITH THESE SURFACINGS AS REGARDS ROUGHNESS, COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION, ETC., ARE OUTLINED FOR NEWLY-CONSTRUCTED AND EXISTING SURFACINGS.


The idea behind this paper is to draw comparisons between the work of Bill Gibb as Fashion Designer and the contemporary work of Science Fantasy illustrative artists such as Patrick Woodroffe, Alan Aldridge and Mati Klarwein, for example. How did the hallucinogenic and multi-species renderings of folkloric science fantasist worlds in the late 1960's and early seventies, correlate with the writings of Ursula K Le Guin, and are there correspondences that can be drawn between the visual art of this short period, the depictions of neo-societies and advanced cultures in Science fiction/fantasy writing and the elaborate highly crafted renderings of Bill Gibbs work, and question, how could Fashion have reverted to such a conservative standpoint half a century later?


Self-leadership is a form of leadership that has emerged in the last quarter of a century. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a difference in self-leadership strategies between students who choose leadership course and do not choose. The sample of this research consisted of 144 sports management students in 2018; 35 female (24.3%) and 109 male (75.7%). The average age of students is 22.38 (sd=2.88). While 30 students (20.8%) stated that they chose leadership course, 114 students (79.2%) stated that they did not choose leadership course. In this study, the Turkish version of Abbreviated Self-Leadership Questionnaire (ASLQ) was used as a data collection tool, but original ASLQ was developed by Houghton et al. (2012). The Turkish version of the scale was adopted by Şahin (2015). As a result of the reliability analysis, the Cronbach's alpha value was found to be .74. There was a significant difference between ASLQ total scores of students who choose the leadership course and do not choose (yes/no). There was a significant difference between students who choose the leadership course and do not choose (yes/no) and the subscale scores; behavior awareness and volition, constructive cognition, and task motivation. According to the results obtained through the analysis, hypothesis 1 and 2 were accepted.


Failure behaviour of aircraft sandwich panels under bending load has been investigated in this study. Three-points bending test was performed to the specimens with various span-to-thickness (S/d) ratios 32, 40, and 60. Testing method and dimension of specimens were adhering to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D-790M. Deflection and energy absorption of the sandwich panels was characterized by specific span-to-thickness (S/d) ratios. It was found that specimen with S/d of 40 has the steepest slope in stress-strain curve and specimen with S/d of 32 has the highest flexure strength, 831MPa. The flexure strength decreases with the increasing of span-to-thickness ratio. The result shows that the increasing of the span-to-thickness ratio increased the crack length at the lowest maximum bending stress, 636 MPa. The results suggest that the performance of the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy (CFRE) composites is strongly influenced by the crack length.


Measurement of the electrical excitability of the eye provides a useful means for analyzing visual function. Determination of electric thresholds of the eye necessitates, however, the following special precautions. (1) A single constant current pulse of 0.1 sec. in duration is adequate as an electric stimulus, because it can stimulate uniformly all kinds of retinal elements. On the contrary, a brief condenser discharge and alternating currents of definite frequency stimulate selectively a certain kind of element. (2) A weak phosphene caused by an electric stimulus near the threshold can hardly be distinguished from intrinsic light of the retina unless the effect of the stimulus in question is compared with that of a stimulus far below the threshold. (3) The threshold for disappearance of phosphenes can be determined more accurately than that for appearance. (4) Retinal elements of different kind show different thresholds, and this is the most important thing to be borne in mind in determination of the electrical excitability-of the eye following illumination.