A once-weekly session of RT was enough to reduce percentage body fat and progressively increase muscle strength in older men. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study with positive and significant results in percentage body fat after once-weekly sessions of RT. In contrast, body weight and dry lean mass remained constant, with no intragroup change throughout the 32 weeks, but the participants were close to 70 years old, and because dry lean mass was preserved, it can be assumed that reducing percentage body fat is the most important way to prevent sarcopenia. In addition, the significant increase in 30-second chair stand and arm curl performance observed in the RTG represents an important improvement related to daily activities. Extreme maximum strength gains were also found, with an overall percentage change in 1-RM of 67.1%. To the knowledge of the authors, these results demonstrate an effect that has not been observed in any other study using a once-weekly session of RT. In conclusion, a once-weekly RT session improves muscle strength and induces beneficial effects in the functional fitness of older adults. The results of the present study suggest that a once-weekly session of RT is enough to prevent sarcopenia.


Purpose: The increasingly global trade in the world demands the sea transportation industry, especially ships, to further increase the capabilities and expertise of the crew, especially the ability to communicate in English. So in the national education system, learning English is very important.  .
Design/methodology/approach: Various methods are used to improve English language skills, one of which is the use of technology in learning for students, namely by using e-learning.
Findings: This study aims to determine the use of e-learning in maritime English learning, one of which can improve the vocabulary skills of cadets majoring in Eto Pelayaran and to find out the obstacles that might occur when using e-learning in learning English maritime eto shipping.
Research limitations/implications: This study uses a quantitative approach with the analysis used is descriptive-quantitative analysis that reveals the problems that occur
Practical implications: The sample of this study was 25 cadets in the ETO Shipping class in Semester II, totaling 25 people.
Originality/value: This research conducted at the ETO Shipping class in Semester II.
Paper type: This paper can be categorized as a Study cases


A regional bridge failure database was used to verify the cause and determine the rate and probability of failures. The causes of bridge failure were compared to other research and identified the leading bridge failure cause was hydraulic. The number of bridge failures per year was modeled with a geometric distribution which requires a constant failure rate. Using the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) bridge counts as the underlying bridge population, the average number of bridge failures based on the sample data was approximately 1/4,700 annually. Based on a validation analysis with bridge failures from two separate departments of transportation (DOTs), other regions in the United States are anticipated to have similar bridge failure rates. As a result, the actual probability of bridge failure was quantified as approximately 1/63 in 75 years which is two orders of magnitude higher than calibrated Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) desired probability of failure of about 1/5,000 in 75 years. Analysis of the failed bridges by year of construction show there is no apparent era of construction that is more susceptible to failure. As such, changes in the bridge design regulations do not appear to significantly reduce bridge failure rates. Based on the data extrapolation, the estimated average annual bridge failure rate in the United States is between 87 and 222.


Objective
To investigate the effect of transurethral prostatic dilatation on national institute of the health chronic prostatitis symptom index(NIH-CPS), international prostate symptom score(IPSS) and related prostate symptoms in patients with BPH and urinary retention.

Methods
From August 2017 to August 2018, 90 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) and urinary retention were selected in our hospital as subjects, were randomly divided into two groups according to computer-generated number table method, with 45 cases in each group. The control group was treated with transurethral prostate plasma resection. Transurethral prostatic dilatation was performed in the experimental group.The NIH-CPS, IPSS socre and the improvement of prostate symptoms before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.

Results
The duration of operation, intraoperative blood loss, bladder washing time, postoperative indwelling catheter and hospitalization time in the experimental group were less than those in the control group, with statistically significant(P<0.05). After the operation, the NIH-CPSI and IPSS scores of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group, with statistically significant(P<0.05). After the operation, the maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax) of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and residual urine volume(RUV) and international index of erectile dysfunction5(IIEF-5) scores were lower than those of the control group, with statistically significant(P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the experimental group was 4.44%, lower than that in the control group (17.78%), with statistically significant(P<0.05).

Conclusions
Transurethral prostatic dilatation for BPH can shorten the operation time, reduce the surgical trauma, improve the prostate symptoms with few complications.

Key words:
Prostatic Hyperplasia; Urinary Retention; transurethral columnar balloon dilation of prostate


Validation of Innovative Exploration Technologies for Newberry Volcano: Seismic data - raw taken by Apex Hipoint for 1st test 2012


This paper deals with major sources of ambient air pollution. The author has analyzed dynamics of emissions volume of pollutants into the atmosphere for 1992-2014 by stationary and mobile sources. The author gives an algorithm of ecological and economic assessment of the ambient air pollution state


The qualities of the railway vehicle running are determined to a considerable extent by the values of the resistance forces in the spring system. As it is known, the minimization of the dynamic forces that accompany locomotive and wagon running requires the availability of resistance forces of certain values. That has imposed the necessity to use a method, equipment and software to process the information obtained about the operation of a corresponding damper. They have to be precise and capable of data acquisition related to the exact identification of damper features. That was the reason for the authors to develop a stand, equipment and software for examining the hydraulic dampers in order to meet the requirements as defined. The software gives a possibility also of diagnostics of the condition of the main damper elements.


This chapter investigates acute pericarditis. The pericardium serves to protect the heart from physiologic changes in intracardiac pressure related to respiration and postural change, and it may also augment the mechanical function of the cardiac chambers. The pericardium is composed of a visceral layer that directly adheres to the epicardium and an outer parietal layer. These two layers are separated by 10 to 35 mL of serous fluid. Pericarditis refers to the inflammation of these tissues. It may be acute, recurrent, or chronic, and can be due to a wide array of etiologies. Both infectious and noninfectious processes have been identified as causes of pericarditis. Most cases are caused by viruses, are self-limited, and the specific pathogen is often unidentified. Urgent drainage of pericardial fluid should be considered in any patient with a possible diagnosis of purulent pericarditis or if hemodynamic compromise is identified. The outcome in these patients is generally poor without drainage, even when appropriate antibiotics are administered.


This article discusses the massive challenges faced by planners in India. The country is in the midst of a period of strong economic growth, which has expanded the middle class and allowed investment in transportation facilities and new technologies. New megadevelopments are springing up, including a mixed-use infill project and a new town 25 miles southeast of Delhi that will eventually house 800,000 people. Planners in India must help the country find a balance between urbanization and environmental protection, while dealing with development standards that are outmoded and a planning authority structure that makes it difficult to address regional connectivity issues. Since India is somewhat behind other countries of its size in terms of modernization, they have an opportunity to learn from the mistakes of others and choose projects that will benefit future generations.


The Acoi project provides a large-scale experimentation platform to facilitate studies in the area of indexing multimedia objects and their subsequent retrieval. The index model is based on assembling the results of feature detection algorithms into hierarchical structures to classify the objects. This paper provides an overview of the Acoi architecture and the Feature Detector Engine (FDE) model. Central to its design is a grammatical description of the feature relations to classify the multimedia objects and to steer their detection and storage. Its role is informally introduced.


Background: Enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO) is associated with various inflammatory diseases such as sepsis. Although activated neutrophils are presumably involved in septic organ injury, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by these cells has not been elucidated. The authors investigated whether activated neutrophils in sepsis could induce mRNA for iNOS and produce NO.


This qualitative study examines older adults' subjective views on the types and purposes of social activities. In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 20 older adults, with low (n = 10) and high (n = 10) memory performance. We used grounded theory methods to analyze the narrative data. Four types of social activities—altruism, creativity, game, and motion—were identified. The purpose of social activities included enjoyment, relaxation, stimulation, and belongingness. Those in the low memory group seemed to face more barriers to participation. Different types of social activities may be important for cognitive health and well-being.


acts as barriers: accessibility, file size, relevance and cost. Tapes and CD-ROMs gather dust on clinic shelves. Boring talking heads make for lengthy content. Meanwhile, trainees often miss opportunities to perform occasional minor procedures because they like to 'see one' before they 'do one'. Why the idea was necessary Point of care accessibility and fluid integration into workflow increase likelihood of use. Many clinicians need 'just in time' reminders for their professional development, requiring a quick refresher of a previously learned technique. Changing work environments need flexibility in dissemination methods, especially in rural and off-campus community practices. Patients now expect to be better informed when participating in care decisions. What was done PocketSnips uses sophisticated digital formatting to provide video teaching material that can be delivered over low bandwidth connections to any web terminal or to handheld computers. Topics and content of the video library were determined via a modified Delphi process. Our production process espouses the principle of minimally invasive videography, involving little interruption to workflow, even in busy emergency department settings, with rapid setup and use of available lighting. Shot once, the captured material can be reformatted for a variety of teaching scenarios, such as for first time learners, short refreshers and as a content aid in the process of obtaining informed patient consent. We focus on incorporating only the key kinetic elements into the video content. Explanatory and ancillary text information is wrapped around the video file, keeping the byte count down. No special software is needed to view and read the content as web browsers will suffice on most computing platforms. These advantages have also allowed us to build PocketSnips as reference material into our handheld procedure logging programme. Intellectual property is protected by a sophisticated distribution mechanism. A library of 54 procedures is proposed but this will be modified based on demand and usage patterns. Evaluation and impact Evaluation is in the early stages. The average file is 2.3 MB in size and under 3 minutes in duration, which compares favourably with traditional methods (150 MB file size and typical 15-minute duration). User feedback is elicited through brief online surveys after content is delivered. Content is evaluated on relevance, clarity and usefulness. Learners have rated PocketSnips highly for accessibility. Trainees and experienced rural doctors are highly satisfied with PocketSnips' usefulness. The creative process of video capture and postproduction is repeatedly evaluated for cost and intrusiveness to workflow – participating clinicians appreciate our ability to minimise the production time required of them. Ancillary and contextual material has been rated as moderately useful. Presentations at regional and national meetings have been well received. This feedback has been enthusiastic and continues to shape the process and product.


National Library Week offers libraries the opportunity to market our services and ourselves, the opportunity to get to know our users and for them to get to know us, and the opportunity to connect with each other. While this is not the only time that such opportunities arise, National Library Week serves as an ideal focal point for the year.


Due to fundamental scaling laws, the effect of surface forces becomes relatively large for microscale structures, such as MEMS. The operation of an ohmic MEMS microswitch relies on repeated make-and-break contacts, typically between each of two metal tips and a metal drain. Large contact forces are desirable for low contact resistance, but the resulting plastic deformation at this small scale, as well as the breaking through of contaminant films, further increases the adhesion force which can then exceed the restoring force of the actuator. This stuck-closed failure, also known as stiction, is a major hindrance to switch reliability and to the ultimate commercialization of these devices. In this article we review the experimental and modeling efforts which have been directed to achieving an improved understanding of adhesion in an ohmic MEMS microswitch.


Abstract:  HO‐1 is a rate‐limiting enzyme in hemoglobin metabolism, and exerts anti‐inflammatory as well as anti‐apoptotic effects. Previous studies have shown that expression of HO‐1 can prolong the survival of concordant transplanted organs. However, little is known about the precise effect and mechanism of HO‐1 in discordant xenotransplantation. In this study, we investigated the role of HO‐1 in discordant cardiac xenotransplantation. First, HUVECs were used to assess the effect of HO‐1 on TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis. Results showed that TNF‐α induced apoptosis of HUVECs in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, induction of HO‐1 by hemin suppressed TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis. However, the anti‐apoptotic action of HO‐1 was reversed by SnPP. The up‐regulation of HO‐1 by hemin treatment significantly prolonged the survival time of discordant cardiac xenograft, greatly reduced the swelling and apoptosis of myocardial cells, interstitial edema, lymphocyte infiltration, and thrombus formation in small vessels. Furthermore, HO‐1 overexpression significantly attenuated the serum level of xenoantibody IgM, tissue deposition of IgM and complement 3 (C3) in endangium. Finally, HO‐1 mitigated CD40L transcription in the xenograft and recipient spleen. These results indicate that the up‐regulation of HO‐1 can improve the survival of discordant cardiac xenograft by inhibiting apoptosis and alleviating inflammation and thrombosis.


Estimating snow depth is a crucial component and has a significant influence on climate change, the hydrosphere, the energy balance between the surface of the Earth and the atmosphere, and the ecological environment. The high-altitude Hindu Kush (HK) regions are completely covered with snow during the winter period and are responsible for climate change and hazard studies. Therefore, snow depth (SD) estimation is an important field of study in the HK region. As a result, remote sensing is the primary source of information on large-scale SD. Microwave SD remote sensing research has advanced for more than 30 years, starting with the launch of the Nimbus-7 satellite. Researchers have made significant progress in several areas, including electromagnetic dispersion and emission modelling, earth and aerial experiments, and inversion techniques for a future global high-resolution SD remote sensing mission. This research paper will provide an overview of the research and developments in the fields of SD inversion algorithms using passive microwave data and electromagnetic scattering/emission modeling over snow-covered terrain.


According to the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), the Klein-Gordon equation is corrected by the quantum gravity
exactly. Hence, the corrected Klein-Gordon equation will be more precise on the
expression of the tunneling behavior. Then, the corrected Hawking temperature
of the Gibbons-Maeda-Dilaton black hole is obtained near the horizon by quantum
gravity. Analyzing the results carefully, it is obvious for us that the tunneling
result is not only related to the mass of black hole, but also related to the
mass and energy of outgoing fermions. Finally, we also infer that the tunneling
radiation would be stopped at some particular temperature.


We appreciate the reviewer's comments and suggestions. We think the points raised by the reviewer have been well known and discussed in others' and our previous studies. Our analysis of the current study also has well considered these points and our conclusions do not contradict the reviewer's concerns. More importantly, to the best of our understanding on his/her comments and reference, we think the questions of our manuscript tries to answer are different from the reviewer's concerns in nature. Below are our point-by-point responses to clarify how our analysis supports the reviewer's comments and how our objectives are different from the reviewer's concerns.


Although the primary imaging modality in the management of neurological disorders in children is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional neuroimaging often provides complementary information and, in a number of situations, provides unique information that cannot be obtained with MRI. The functional neuroimaging methods most commonly used in children include positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) but, technically, functional MRI (fMRI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) as well as MR methods being developed to evaluate cerebral blood flow might also be classified under the category of functional imaging.


Bacterial infections frequently occur early after liver transplantation. We recently reported significant progress with a synbiotic composition, consisting of one lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and one fiber, which reduced the infection rate from 48% (with selective bowel decontamination) to 13%. Now, our aim is to study if a combination of different LAB and fibers would further improve outcome.


1. When kept at ambient temperatures of 17‐5 and 24 degrees C the colonic temperatures of joeys younger than 166 days declined to near ambient temperature. Pouch joeys of 166 days and older were however able to maintain their colonic temperatures at about 35 degrees C. 2. Joeys first developed the ability to sustain high O2 consumption rates in response to cooling, when aged between 144 and 169 days. Only when this latter facility was fully developed in ontogeny could body temperature be maintained in a cool environment. 3. When joeys older than 130 days were kept in a metabolism chamber at pouch temperature (37‐5 degrees C) and at high humidity their body temperatures quickly rose to lethal levels, demonstrating the need for cooling mechanisms whilst still contained within the pouch.


Five halogen-free (HF) dummy plastic ball grid array (PBGA) components with daisy-chains and Sn4.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC405) Pb-free solder balls were assembled on a HF high density interconnection (HDI) printed circuit board (PCB) using Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC105) and Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) Pb-free solder pastes, respectively. The above compositions were in weight percent. The assemblies were then experienced to moisture sensitive level testing with three times reflow at a peak temperature of 260 °C; no delamination was found present in both the component and PCB laminates. The microstructure showed that the utilization of SAC105 solder paste was beneficial in refining the Ag3Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) within the solder joint and the intermetallic layers formed at various interfaces with different Ni contents and thicknesses due to different metal finishes. The IMC spalling was found at the BGA-side interface within the solder joints formed with SAC 105 solder paste but not discovered within the ones made of SAC305 solder paste. The pull strength of the solder joint formed with SAC305 solder paste was always higher than that made from SAC105 no matter on Cu or electroless Ni. Moreover, the fracture was found at the interface between the Cu foil and epoxy in the halogen-free test device. Numerical analysis showed that the thickness of IMC layer dominated the pull strength of the solder joint because the Z-axial normal stress applied to the solder joints formed with Cu and electroless Ni were 752.0 and 816.6 MPa, respectively, and a thicker IMC layer was beneficial to provide a higher pull strength of solder joint.


Imagine you are standing on the deck of a ship in the northeast Atlantic. To the south is Scotland and to the east the convoluted coastline of Norway extends up through the Arctic Circle to reach Murmansk in Russia. In the summer, you are bathed in 20 hours of daylight, but during the winter, the sun will appear above the horizon only briefly. Now imagine that you are able to peer through 300 m of seawater beneath the ship to the seafloor. What might you see? Perhaps a few fish like cod or tusk making stately progress through the chilly 8°C Atlantic waters. Pull further back and you begin to see occasional boulders dropped by icebergs in the last ice age. Further back still, and the huge scars gouged by these icebergs as the ice sheet retreated from northern Europe 12,000 years ago become visible. On some of these scars, you begin to make out clusters of white rocky outcrops. Move in to take a closer look and you quickly realize these weren't rocks at all but intricately branching reefs growing to form what look like giant white cauliflowers on the seabed.These are coral reefs formed predominantly by a species called


In article the survey information on a new direction in a science nanotechnology. The importance of this direction in studying of viruses is shown.


In order to improve the efficiency of solar photovoltaic systems,maximum power point tracking is particularly important.For the low tracking speed and oscillation phenomenon of classic fixed step perturbation and observation method,a start-stop mechanism which is based on the existing variable step perturbation and observation method is proposed.When the PV array is operating at the maximum power point,the search process stops.When environmental changes,a new perturbation component is given and the correct direction of the search is set in order to open a new round of the search process.The performance of improved algorithm and traditional perturbation and observation method is simulated in Matlab/Simulink.The simulation results show that the improved algorithm can track the maximum power point smoothly and quickly.The simulation results verify the correctness and validity of the improved algorithm.


This paper presents an approach to improve the forecast of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of urban air pollution using deep learning, and most specifically adversarial training. This adversarial approach aims to reduce the divergence of the forecasts from the underlying physical model. Our two-step method integrates a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) based adversarial autoencoder (PC-AAE) with adversarial Long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. Once the reduced-order model (ROM) of the CFD solution is obtained via PCA, an adversarial autoencoder is used on the principal components time series. Subsequentially, a Long Short-Term Memory network (LSTM) is adversarially trained on the latent space produced by the PC-AAE to make forecasts. Once trained, the adversarially trained LSTM outperforms a LSTM trained in a classical way. The study area is in South London, including three-dimensional velocity vectors in a busy traffic junction.


The present invention provides an apparatus and method of short circuiting arc welding two spaced ends of a workpiece having a gap, by the advancing electrode is melted and the melted electrode deposited on said gap, at least part of welding two spaced ends. The apparatus comprising: a main electric arc welder having at least one power source, supplying a welding current to said electrode, said power supply comprises a pulse width modulator and a waveform generator, at least partially controlling the supply of the pulse width modulator Electrode welding current, as shown at least partially controlling the waveform generator of the pulse width modulator, said power supply generating a series of current pulses constituting a welding cycle represents a current waveform, wherein each of the working current pulse having a relatively given polarity, said pulse width modulator controls the pulse width of the current plurality of said current pulses.


This paper presents an educational, experimental research design, aiming at examining the effect of "PAD + microlectures" EAP teaching model on Chinese undergraduates' critical thinking development. It mainly analyzes this experiment from four aspects: research question and hypotheses, difficulties in key term definitions and selection of measuring instruments, potential risks of the design, as well as the challenge of ethics. Such a methodological analysis shows that educational experiments should follow the disciplines of objectivity, feasibility, maneuverability, effectiveness, and innovation.


"Mappa Italia" is a WebGIS service, issued by ANIA Servizi (Associazione Nazionale fra le Imprese Assicuratrici), conceived to support the business activity of insurance companies. It returns a "Risk Index" for the entire Italian territory by analyzing national institutional geo-hazard maps and the physical exposure of the assets located in each terrain unit used in this study. The analysis has been performed by processing data from census tracts, land use map and flood and landslide hazard maps. Census tracts provides data about population, buildings (residential, commercial and industrial) and firms (number of companies and employees). Data about land use (urban and rural areas), have been extracted from the Corine LandCover. Data about flood and landslide hazard have been obtained from institutional maps published by ISPRA (Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research). The assets have been classified into four classes (D1, D2, D3, D4) considering their type and amount in each terrain unit using a k-means clustering technique.Then, four different risk matrixes were applied to get a Risk Index one for each asset class (D1, D2, D3, D4), by plotting the classified asset classes against the probability of occurrence of a given flood/landslide event. Then, a total Risk Index was derived for each terrain unit, by summing up the Risk Index of each asset class.Insurance companies may access results by a WebApp and a Web Service by authentication Service providing login and password.This work has to be considered a starting point targeted to assess and make available information on exposure, hazard and of the vulnerable elements.


Health care costs in the United States are rising at an alarming rate. Although much of the cost of care is dependent on the decisions of care providers, providers remain largely unaware of those costs. Legislators have passed initiatives aimed at increasing cost transparency, but the impact of cost transparency on the cost of care is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to systematically review trials investigating the impact of cost transparency on the cost of care delivery, identify the factors likely to increase the effectiveness of such interventions, and suggest directions for future research. We searched the Scopus database for relevant studies published up to November 2014. After identifying potentially relevant studies, we performed additional searches for publications citing or cited by the selected studies. This process was repeated until no additional studies were identified. Key characteristics of relevant studies were extracted for analysis. We screened a total of 4,906 articles, 23 of which were included in the final analysis. We identified timing (education prior to the decision vs. feedback following the decision) and medium (electronic vs. nonelectronic) of communication as key factors impacting the effectiveness of the cost transparency intervention. One hundred percent (9 of 9) of "postorder feedback" studies resulted in decreased costs, whereas only 54% (7 of 13) of studies in which cost was communicated prior to the clinical decision ("pre-order education" studies) lowered the cost of care delivery. Eighty-eight percent (14 of iv 16) of nonelectronic studies reduced costs; 29% (2 of 7) of electronic studies reduced costs. Cost transparency can be an effective strategy to reduce utilization of expensive tests or therapies. Intervention strategies that employ nonelectronic media for communication of financial information to providers and that communicate postdecision feedback may be most likely to succeed. The trend in current publications suggests that health care providers may be moving toward the less effective methods of cost transparency, which could hamper cost containment efforts. The strength of these observations is limited by the absence of prospective studies that directly compare the effectiveness of various cost transparency intervention methods. Future studies are needed to verify these findings and to determine the impact of cost transparency in new cost-centric organizations and incentive structures.


In the case of insufficient lighting conditions, the images taken by the equipment have problems such as loss of details and presence of noise, which affect people's visual perception seriously, and will also reduce the performance of advanced visual tasks using normal lighting images. At present, most of the research on image enhancement is based on RGB model, and there is a problem that the correlation between channels is too strong. Therefore, this paper makes use of the relatively independent characteristics of each channel in the HSV model to research. At the same time, adding attention module to the enhancement network reduces the noise effectively.


This chapter looks at internal and international migration and changes in urban household economies and the feminization of domestic labour in Latin America from the sixteenth century until the present. Particular attention is paid to colonialism, the transition from slave to free labour, urbanization and industrialization, and their implications for domestic service. The chapter argues that: domestic service is especially suited to Latin America because of its colonial past, social structure, long-term neglect of basic city services, and high levels of income inequality; domestic service draws migrants; female domestic servants since the nineteenth century have typically remained single; children have been integral to internal migration and domestic service throughout history, particularly in Latin America; the expansion in domestic service in Latin America after 1920 and the continued use of servants today is a function of urbanization and the expanding middle class. Keywords:domestic service; feminization; Latin America; migration; nineteenth century; urbanization


A 32 years, male, labourer had intermittent abdominal cramp for one year followed by appearance of multiple small hard lumps in the abdominal wall. The lumps were progressively increasing in size and some of them ruptured through the skin discharging yellowish semiliquid material, occasionally mixed with blood (Fig. 1). There was no history of hematochezia, alteration of bowel habit, vomiting, jaundice, hematemesis, malena, fever, perianal ulcers or discharge. Past, personal and family history was non-contributory. On examination, patient was thin built, undernourished, with mild pallor. Abdominal examination revealed multiple discharging openings on anterior abdominal wall with indurated margin, surrounding hyperpigmentation, and yellowish discharge from some of them (Fig. 1). Routine hemogram, renal and hepatic biochemical profile was normal except hemoglobin 11.3 gm%. Gram stain of the discharge material showed presence pus cells and multiple Gram negative bacilli. Z-N stain and bactec culture could not detect any Mycobacterium. Modified Z-N stain and special culture for Actinomycetes was negative. Fistulogram showed presence of a superficial abscess cavity just beneath the peritoneum with passage of the dye to the large bowel. On barium meal follow through, whole of the jejunum and ileum were normal. Dye-filled lower descending colon showed a stricture on barium enema (Fig. 2). Colonoscopy revealed a stricture at the descendingsigmoid colon junction and a polypoid lesion at 17-18 cm. from anal verge which on histopathology was diagnosed as an inflammatory polyp. CT scan with oral contrast showed passage of dye to the skin from large gut (Fig. 3). Endoscopic exploration of rest of the gastrointestinal tract was normal. Surgical excision of the narrowed segment with end-to-end anastomosis was done. Histopathology showed presence of transmural inflammation, submucosal and intramural lymphoid follicles, ulcers, and fissures without granuloma or crypt abscess (Fig. 4). Search for evidence of tuberculosis yielded negative results. A final diagnosis of isolated colonic Crohn's disease with multiple colocutaneous fistula was made. Fig. 1 : Figure showing multiple discharging openings on anterior abdominal wall with indurated thick puckered margin, surrounding hyperpigmentation and discharging muco-pus.


The chapter discusses the production of Russian operas on the stage of the Monnaie theatre in Brussels between 1910 and 1940, with a special focus on the reception of those Russian operas in the Belgian press. The most important event was the world premiere of Prokofiev's opera "Le joueur". This paper presents and discusses all the available data and archival documentation on this production.


Zhalinskiy Alfred - Honoured Scientist of the RF, Head of the department of Criminal Law,National Research University Higher School of Economics, Professor, Doctor of Juridical Sciences.Address: National Research University - Higher School of Economics, 20, Myasnitskaya str., Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation.


The objective of this paper is to design an efficient control scheme for car suspension system. The purpose of suspension system in vehicles is to get more comfortable riding and good handling with road vibrations. A nonlinear hydraulic actuator is connected to passive suspension system in parallel with damper. The Particles Swarm Optimization is used to tune a PID controller for active suspension system. The designed controller is applied for quarter car suspension system and result is compared with passive suspension system model and input road profile. Simulation results show good performance for the designed controller


It is imperative and highly desirable to buffer the stress in flexible electronic devices. In this study, we designed and fabricated lamellate poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) samples with gradient elastic moduli, motivated by the protection of the pomelo pulp by its skin, followed by the measurements of their elastic moduli. We demonstrated that the electrical and fatigue performances of a Ag-nanowire thin film device on the PDMS substrate with a gradient elastic modulus are significantly better than those of a device on a substrate with a monolayer PDMS. This study provides a robust scheme to effectively protect flexible electronic devices.


There are concerns that environmental changes, such as climate variability and forest harvesting, are altering stream thermal regimes and impacting aquatic ecosystems. Previous studies have suggested that the abundant headwater lakes found in northern landscapes may moderate downstream temperature response to forest harvesting. We investigated this hypothesis using a virtual experimental approach based on detailed field measurements made at boreal catchments in northern Sweden coupled with a process‐based stream temperature model. We simulated streamside harvesting for stream reaches with and without a headwater lake. Mean daily summer stream temperature response to harvesting was generally between 0.5 and 1.5°C higher for the stream without a lake than for the stream with a lake. However, during rain events the stream with the lake showed a greater stream temperature response than the stream without a lake. Headwater lakes typically store and delay runoff from rain events, augment baseflow, and have elevated outflow temperatures. These differences in upstream boundary conditions, in terms of flow and water temperature, were the key drivers for the contrasting harvest responses between streams with and without headwater lakes. These findings were generally consistent across different harvesting scenarios; however, uncertainty in the hyporheic term and post‐harvest microclimate conditions influenced the simulated magnitude of post‐harvest stream temperature response. Our study highlights the utility of virtual experiments for gaining insight on systems understanding but caution is needed when using models for predictions outside the conditions for which models are calibrated.


There is currently a consensus among certain literary critics that many texts that currently form part of contemporary Brazilian literature pay testament to the end of literary 'autonomy'. They argue that such texts deploy language that expands beyond the printed word and utilize formats that move beyond the physical entity of the book, thereby challenging the very theory of a literary field. This article questions that hypothesis, arguing that these critics turn a blind eye (intentionally or otherwise) to a number of works produced on the urban periphery. These works show that there is a limit to the absence of limits in the field, a limit that responds to the failure to go beyond a homogenous group of writers and artists, result of a fixed ideological view about what is or is not literature. At the same time, via an analysis of novels written by Ferrez and several publications that have arisen out of the poetry soirees ( saraus ) that take place on the outskirts of Sao Paulo, this article highlights the benefits of discussing these texts in terms of the notion of post-autonomy.


Transplantation of myelin-forming cells into the demyelinated spinal cord results in remyelination. This paper reviews the electrophysiological properties of demyelinated axons remyelinated by transplantation of myelin-forming cells. Conduction velocity and frequency-response properties of the remyelinated axons are restored to near normal values. Moreover, conduction block can be overcome by remyelination, and no abnormal firing is observed. There is discussion of the challenges of a potential cell therapy approach in human demyelinating disease.


ABSTRACT Climate change-induced sea-level rise, salinity intrusion, sudden water surge, natural calamities, etc. affect the fish biodiversity, food security, and coastal livelihoods that highlight the necessities of developing climate-resilient strategies e.g. adaptive aquaculture techniques. Cage culture of salinity-tolerant fish may be an adaptation strategy to compensate for the losses of freshwater fish production by climate change in coastal areas. Therefore, a 120-day long field experiment was conducted to evaluate the cage culture potentiality of Mystus gulio in the coastal region of Bangladesh. Three treatments at the stocking density of 90 (T1), 135 (T2), and 180 (T3)/m2 were stocked in nine cages (1.115 m2). Significantly (p<0.05) higher growth performance and feed utilization were recorded in T1 followed by T2 and T3. In return, considering overall growth, survival, production, coast-benefit analysis, T2 was found more profitable followed by T3 and T1. This result revealed that the culture of M. gulio in floating net cages might be a potential climate-adaptive aquaculture technique in the coastal region. However, further research works are necessary for optimizing stocking density, nutrition, social acceptance, etc. before conclude it as a viable climate-resilient adaptive aquaculture practice.


Dynamic topic models (DTM) are of great use to analyze the evolution of unobserved topics of a text collection over time. Recent years have witnessed the explosive growth of streaming text data emerging from online media, which creates an unprecedented need for DTMs for timely event analysis. While there have been some matrix factorization methods in the literature for dynamic topic modeling, further study is still in great need to model emerging, evolving and fading topics in a more natural and effective way. In light of this, we first propose a matrix factorization model called SONMFSR (Soft Orthogonal NMF with Sparse Representation), which makes full use of soft orthogonal and sparsity constraints for static topic modeling. Furthermore, by introducing the constraints of emerging, evolving and fading topics to SONMFSR, we easily obtain a novel DTM called SONMFSRd for dynamic event analysis. Extensive experiments on two public corpora demonstrate the superiority of SONMFSRd to some state-of-the-art DTMs in both topic detection and tracking. In particular, SONMFSRd shows great potential in real-world applications, where popular topics in Two Sessions 2015 are captured and traced dynamically for possible insights.


The authors obtained very satisfactory results from treating 27 children suffering from bedwetting with a diet rich in table salt. Before starting dietary treatment, you need to take care of eliminating all kinds of physical and mental causes that support the pathological state of the urinary tract. During the day, the child receives his usual food. Until noon, he can drink as much fluids as he wants. Then the introduction of the liquid is somewhat reduced to 4 hours. At this time, he receives his last portion of milk or tea. At 5.30 am, dinner is served containing as little moisture as possible: meat, eggs, crackers. When the child has finally gone to bed, he is served a sandwich containing 5 g of salt mixed with meat, fish or fat. Under such conditions, salt is absorbed gradually and for a long time exerts its inhibitory effect on urine excretion. After two months of strict implementation of this regimen, you can add fruits and vegetables, and gradually reduce the amount of salt. If incontinence recurs, the amount of salt increases again.


Summary. The effects of salicylic acid (SA) and cold on photosynthesis, activities of carboxylating enzymes ribulose-1,5bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and activities of photorespiratory enzymes glycolate oxidase (GO) and catalase (CAT), and on the activies of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and peroxidase (POX) were investigated in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv. Dogu-88) leaves. Exposure of wheat plants to a low temperature (3 o C) for 48 h and 72 h resulted in decreased levels of chlorophyll, CO 2 assimilation and transpiration rates and increased activity of GO and CAT. Treatment with SA alone for 24 h resulted in a lower rate of photosynthesis, decreased transpiration and stomatal conductance accompanied with enhanced rate of lipid peroxidation and peroxides level. Treatment with 500 µmol/L SA for 24 h before exposure to chilling provided protection on RuBPC activity and chlorophyll content. The activities of GO, CAT, POX, and APX additionally increased in SA-treated plants. The impact of SA and cold on photorespiratory and antioxidative


The present study is conducted to cast light on the main methods and approaches of English Language Teaching and Learning that have been created as an urgent need to simplify language teaching and learning process in general with more details and analyses on eclectic approach which is consider as one of the modern and crucial approach and method that required to concentrate on its characteristics and advantages of using such methods in teaching . Eclectic approach is pioneering one, but the teachers must take to their accounts the correct use of this pedagogy.


A woman in uniform with a baby in one arm and an AK-47 in the other continues to provoke shock, outrage, pride and disdain. With the prevalent sociocultural construct of "man protector" and "women and children protectees", the very notion of a woman, much less a mother, as a security provider is often beyond the popular imagination. Predictably, reconstruction, peacebuilding and development initiatives in postconflict environments often fail to take women into account as actors in the realm of security. As a result, men continue to be highly overrepresented in post-conflict security sector institutions: from 81 per cent of Rwandan police officers and 96 per cent of the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces to 98 per cent of Nepali judges.


As COVID-19 vaccines become more available vaccination rates are slowing down. As a result, the focus of policy makers switches from ensuring sufficient supply to keeping the demand up to achieve the vaccination rate needed for herd immunity. In this paper we classify the reasons of why individuals are not getting vaccinated into four categories: barriers, information, incentives/disincentives, and psychological biases. We propose a framework to assist policy makers in encourage vaccinations at the national, local, and individual level. We analyze the current efforts by federal and local governments and provide behaviorally-informed recommendations to policy makers for new or improved initiatives. JEL Classification: D0; D70; D91; E71; H75; I12; I18


Thermal-gradient chemical vapor infiltration (TG-CVI) is an alternative process to the classical CVI by involving a temperature gradient to obtain uniform densification. It allows fabricating C/SiC and C/C composites starting from a fibrous preform and gasses precursor. The main interest of these processes is increasing the density homogeneity and the densification rate. In the proposed TG-CVI reactor, a heater with a constant temperature (1323 K) is placed in the core of the reactor and the cool gas flows from the outside to the center. Therefore, a continuous radially moving densification from inside to the outside of porous preform can be achieved. A numerical model was developed in order to investigate temperature distribution and velocity profile in the TG-CVI reactor. The commercial CFD software CFD-ACE+ was used. The obtained three-dimensional results were compared with experimental data. Three reference points were defined to measure the temperature in the preform. The computed results of TG-CVI showed a good agreement with the measured data. The simulation results of this study are important for the optimization of the densification process in the preform in The TG-CVI reactor.


Cavitation erosion and corrosion commonly occur on the surface of fluid dynamic system components, mostly water hydraulic valves, causing the failure of metal parts. Coating of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on Al2O3 (010) was created by varying the chain length of polytetrafluoroethylene. Calculations were conducted by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. This study shows that the K10 and K20 chain lengths' mechanical properties possess negative elastic, shear, and bulk modulus values. We have found that the K10 chain length composition shows the high results of binding energy and negative bulk modulus of 6267.16 kJ/mol and −3709.54 GPa, respectively. The K10 chain length was observed to possess a higher cohesive energy density (CED) and solubility parameter of (6.885 ± 0.00076) × 109 J/m3 and (82.974 ± 0.005) (J/cm3)0.5, respectively. It was also found that increasing the chain length contributes to decreasing the binding energy and solubility parameter of PTFE/Al2O3 (010) composition. These results are vital for overcoming the repetitive regime of high compressive strength of water microjets on the valves' material surface. Improved values of the cohesive energy density and solubility parameters imply the water's superior hydrophobic effect.


Ethno-ornithological nomenclature and classification in Tres Ladeiras District, Igarassu, PE, Brazil. Ethno‑ornithology uses the principles of ethno‑biological nomenclature and classification in order to identify similarities between cognitive systems in different societies. The objectives of this research were to verify how the population of Tres Ladeiras District (Igarassu, Pernambuco, Brazil) names and classifies the birds in the region and to compare the nomenclature and local classification with scientific linean species observed in large tropical rainforest fragments.
Procedures of qualitative research were utilized, as follows: selection of informants, non‑structured interviews, guided tours and bird classification using cards with illustrations of bird species. Observations and identification of birds were carried out in five forest fragments, using binoculars, tape recorder and microphone. We identified 129 ethno‑species corresponding to 141 scientific species. Ethno‑classification and nomenclature used one or more perceptual saliencies such as color, size, behavior, habitat, feeding habits, orphology, analogies, voice and onomatopoeia. Four hierarchical levels were recognized on the ethno‑classificatory system: life form, intermediate, generic and specific, based on noticeable principles of biological nature, and through interpretation of songs related to human behavior. In the study area, birds were not assigned to a symbolic value, but they do reveal the ability of informants to observe ehavioral features used as cognitive resources to differentiate species.


This chapter studies Michael Prichard's edition, with translation and copious additional material, of the early statutes of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Although the full work is his, he gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the late Christopher Brooke and Richard Duncan-Edwards, the latter for assisting with the text and translation. Prichard's book is divided into two more or less equal parts. The first part contains texts with translations on the facing pages of the statutes of Edmund Gonville; both the 1353 and 1355 versions of the statutes of William Bateman with John Caius's exposition of them; and the 1573 statutes of John Caius, with the significant modifications added after Caius's death by his friend Matthew Parker, then Archbishop of Canterbury. The second part of the book, titled 'Background and Aftermath' is a set of extensive essays. The 'background' essays discuss the circumstances in which the statutes of the three founders came into being. The five 'aftermath' essays explore topics on which Caius had left clear instructions, but which were either the subject of fierce dispute, or else quietly ignored. They are respectively: the Fellows and the Governing Body, the Master's powers of veto, the supposed preference to candidates from Norfolk, the remuneration of the Fellows, and their dividends.


BACKGROUND
Debilitating, postoperative dysesthetic pain after reconstructive surgery is a rare but problematic complication. Conventional therapy is either marginally effective or fraught with side effects. Gabapentin is a new, novel antiepileptic drug helpful in the management of other pain states.

OBJECTIVE
A case of disturbing, postoperative dysesthetic pain after reconstructive surgery is presented.

METHODS
A trial of gabapentin in escalating dose was initiated and the results and side effects were recorded.

RESULTS
Treatment with gabapentin was associated with a substantial decrease in pain, which relapsed after tapering the medication. Relief was obtained with dose escalation, and a successful taper was eventually accomplished. Side effects were minimal.

CONCLUSION
This is the first reported use of gabapentin in the treatment of postoperative dysesthetic pain. Although this type of neuropathic pain is difficult to manage, gabapentin produced substantial relief with few side effects. Further investigation is warranted.


The ideal of retributive punishment and the ideal of utilitarian punishment respectively regard justice,utility as primary basis for the rationality of punishment in education,which has some rationality. But the common defect between them lies in they both fail to regard the discipline-breaking students' physical and mental development as the ultimate end. The concept educational punishment regards the education nature as the central axis of punishment,which requires punishment base on emotion,direct discipline-breaking students,subtract motivation of violation on moral level,protect student's explore nature. Only justice and utility encircle this central axis can't they be far away from students.


Moving objects produce trajectories, which are typically observed in a finite sample of time‐stamped locations. Between sample points, we are uncertain about the moving objects's location. When we assume extra information about an object, for instance, a (possibly location‐dependent) speed limit, we can use space–time prisms to model the uncertainty of an object's location. Until now, space–time prisms have been studied for unconstrained movement in the 2D plane. In this paper, we study space–time prisms for objects that are constrained to travel on a road network. Movement on a road network can be viewed as essentially one‐dimensional. We describe the geometry of a space–time prism on a road network and give an algorithm to compute and visualize space–time prisms. For experiments and illustration, we have implemented this algorithm in MATHEMATICA. Furthermore, we study the alibi query, which asks whether two moving objects could have possibly met or not. This comes down to deciding if the chains of space–time prisms produced by these moving objects intersect. We give an efficient algorithm to answer the alibi query for moving objects on a road network. This algorithm also determines where and when two moving objects may have met.


Two gas fields offshore Sarawak, Malaysia, are characterised by heavily karstified carbonate reservoirs. These reservoirs are typified by significant porosity and permeability heterogeneities such that large fluid loss zones are commonly encountered while drilling the reservoir section. The drilling strategy for the subsea development wells called for the use of a solid drill-in liner as a contingency should major losses be encountered while drilling the reservoir section. This strategy stands opposed to using a pre-drilled liner. The use of a drill-in liner, however, necessitates perforating.


New precision agriculture technologies allow collecting information from several variables at many georeferenced locations within crop fields. The spatial covariation of soil properties and crop yield data can be evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA). Nevertheless, PCA has not been explicitly developed for spatial data as other multivariate descriptive methods. Other multivariate techniques that include spatial autocorrelation among data of neighborhood sites have been recently developed. In this paper, we apply and compare two multivariate analyses, PCA and spatially constrained multivariate analysis methods (MULTISPATI-PCA). The latter incorporates the spatial information into multivariate analysis calculating Moran's index between the data at one location and the mean values of its neighbors. The results showed that MULTISPATI-PCA detected relations in the data that were not detected with PCA. The mapping of spatial variability from the first principal component was similar between PCA and MULTISPATI-PCA, but maps from the second component were different due to the variance correction by spatial autocorrelation. MULTISPATIPCA method represents a crucial tool to map spatial variability within a field, and to identify homogeneous zones in a multivariate sense.


Newspaper clipping about WASPs attending their 50th anniversary and the unveiling of a statue dedicated to them. An account of June Drew flying again for the first time in fifty years is also shared.


To investigate the pollution levels of PAEs in Tomato bagged with plastic film bag, Tomato samples bagged with different plastic bags were chosen as subjects. By using GC-MS, 11 PAEs compounds in peel and pulp were determined. Results showed that 6 PAEs were detected in tomato peel bagged with single plastic bag, the contents were 0-2.70 mg/kg; 4 PAEs were detected in pulp, which between 0-0.04 mg/kg. The contents of 5 PAEs in tomato peel bagged with paper-film composite bag were 0-5.17 mg/kg, while the 2 PAEs in pulp were 0-0.07 mg/kg. It was concluded that PAEs do exist in tomato bagged with plastic film bag,which mainly enriched in the part of the tomato peel, with lower concentrations in the pulp.


The goal of our project is to demonstrate the effectiveness of statistical techniques in machine translation by improving the state of the art in large-vocabulary French-to-English translation.


Abstract Tainter and Lucas misunderstand my position toward site significance evaluation. The source of their confusion is discussed, and comments expanding upon their discussion of the significance concept and its use are presented.


The paper discusses the centrality of the scientific method within academic discourse and the appropriateness of this situation for the non-natural sciences. I contend that applying the scientific method to non-natural science subjects does not overcome the issues it attempts to address rather it can distort research starting points and findings. I argue that a new philosophy of knowledge for non-natural sciences is required that acknowledges the uniqueness and the validity, as well as the boundaries and limitations, of the methodologies of the various non-natural sciences. I propose some outlines of how to begin to address this situation to enable non-natural sciences to be coherent with their own content. I address the particularly relevance of these issues for religion and its place within the university environment.


This paper describes the application of the PARADISE evaluation framework to the corpus of 662 human-computer dialogues collected in the June 2000 Darpa Communicator data collection. We describe results based on the standard logfile metrics as well as results based on additional qualitative metrics derived using the DATE dialogue act tagging scheme. We show that performance models derived via using the standard metrics can account for 37% of the variance in user satisfaction, and that the addition of DATE metrics improved the models by an absolute 5%.


Peer to Peer (P2P) energy trading were introduced to store, manage, share, track, and access the permanently stored energy data. In particular traditional energy trading systems provide a centralized approach and connectivity among the different participating trusted users. Recently Blockchain Technology shows a potential solution to address critical challenges such as gapped communications, security in an untrusted decentralized environment, inefficient transactions retrieval (low throughput, high latency, high CPU and memory utilization, etc.), and scattered energy records. In this paper a framework is proposed, to record the energy transactions, a JavaScript-based smart contract is deployed over the Hyperledger Sawtooth Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET). Additionally, the proposed framework is shown as a working prototype, and the performances are evaluated taking transaction per second, read and write latency, read write throughput, the number of successful and failed transactions, CPU utilization, network traffic input, and output. Also, it is shown that PoET's performance is better than PoW for multi-hosting environments. It has been observed that out of 1000 transactions sent for each round by clients through Hyperledger Caliper and REST API services, PoET could able to perform 946 transactions successfully, whereas PoW completed only 627 transactions. The results obtained in various rounds of evaluation affirm the superiority of the framework.


For many women, "that time of the month" is a regular occurrence, albeit sometimes a bit of an annoyance. Yes, they can get cranky, and bloated, cramps, and food cravings, but these symptoms do pass. The confusing thing for many women is that their menstrual cycle will not fall into the 'text-book' 28-day cycle – what is "normal" will depend on each woman. So working out what is "normal" is important, but who even remembers what happened last week, let alone their period last month!


Abstract The lack of personal particulate matter (PM) monitoring technique hinders the knowledge of the negative health impacts caused by inhaling PM. Acoustophoresis has a potential to produce miniature particle sorters that can be carried inside human's breath zone. Micron particles can be manipulated by Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF), but sub-micron particles can hardly be directed due to Acoustic Streaming Effect (ASE). The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of sorting sub-micron particles using ASE. In this study, a 2 D numerical model is used to simulate the movement of sub-micron particles, ranging from 0.1 µm to 0.9 µm in diameter with 0.1 µm step size, suspended in a microchannel. Since tiny particles circulate according to the streaming pattern, which depends on the geometry of the container, the effect of the microchannel's cross-sectional shape on particle movement is investigated, from rectangular to non-rectangular. Results found that sub-micron particles are characterized as either ARF-dominant or ASE-dominant. ARF-dominant particles stop at the pressure node and sidewalls, while ASE-dominant particles are trapped by the streaming flow inside a certain area defined by the particle size. Larger ASE-dominant particles move in a narrower region close to the sidewalls; smaller particles occupy a wider area. Since ASE-dominant particles can be directed outside the settling location of ARF-dominated particles, separating them can reach 98.9% purity in a non-rectangular microchannel. Most importantly, separating ASE-dominant particles of different sizes is shown possible using a triangular microchannel. The findings imply that ASE can be the mechanism for sub-micron particle sorting. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research


Urban Environmental Design (UED)' is basically concerned with the concepts, theories, and principles of designing space for various human activities in urban areas. It encompasses all the creative and professional fields that are related to the making of human habitations and its integration with nature. The conventional approach of UED is primarily based on the market principles, I.e., price and value as the prime indicators. It is viewed that the elements of planning in the urban built environment can be pursued through the adoption of principles derived from the revealed knowledge of al-Qur'an which is treated as a source of human knowledge for human benefit. It is possible to develop Islamic principles based on which the resources of the world can be better utilized for the maximum benefit of mankind. There are strong traditions within Islam about urban environmental design. The various activities of urban built environment or environmental design are associated with the management of resources such as land and all its environmental and physiographical features, making it beneficial for mankind (Ismawi Hj. Zen, 2002, p.2).


Intercropping soybeans with corn can produce yields of silage comparable to monocrops of corn but with a higher protein concentration. To maximize N;-fixation by soybeans, it is important to use a strain of bradyrhizobium that is well adapted to local soil and climate conditions. In 1991 and 1992 an experiment was conducted in Truro, Nova Scotia. Canada, to compare a locally isolated bradyrhizobium strain, NS), with a commercial strain (COM). Corn-soybean intercrops and soybean monocrops were grown and various response variables were measured to assess the efficacy of each strain. NSl proved to be superior to the commercial strain of bradyrhizobiu m in both intercrops and monocrops when soybean plant protein concentration, soybean seed protein concentration and soybean seed biomass yield were measured. For intercrop protein yield and intercrop protein concentration NSl outperformed COM only in monocrops. Protem yields per hectare of soybeans grown in either system were higher w'hen NSi was used as an inoculant. No differences were observed between inoculants in biomass yields of soybeans grown in either system. Since soybeans only contributed 2K.5% to the total biomass of intercrops, the biomass of the corn probably masked the differences between the two inoculants for intercrop protein yield and concentration. However, even under the stressful conditions for soybean plants associated with intercropping, soybean protein concentrations and yields when grown in intercrops were higher for the NSl strain of bradyrhizobium. It appears that selection of a locally adapted stram of inoculant for soybeans can prove useful in both monocropping and intercropping systems.


Early Gallatin green beans were packed in .25 and 50/.25 tinplate R-enameled cans with variations in vacuum and pH and with added levels of NO3- and PO4 and were analyzed for brine and slurry pH, NO3-, PO4 CU, and Fe. The cans were then visually examined for pitting after storage at 30°C and room temperature. The pH, NO-3, PO4 and Cu decreased significantly during storage and Fe showed a significant increase. The decrease in slurry pH and Cu was correlated with pitting severity. The increase in Fe content during storage correlated with pitting severity and possibly could be used as an indicator of pitting during prolonged storage.


For synthesizing high quality speech, a concatenative TextTo-Speech system requires a large number of well annotated segments at the phone level. Manual segmentation, though reliable, is tedious, time consuming and can be inconsistent. This correspondence presents an automated phone segmentation algorithm that force aligns the phonetic transcriptions with the utterances of the corresponding Indian language sentences. The algorithm uses the distance function obtained from the output of the recently proposed Bach scale filter bank and the statistical knowledge of the lengths of the phones to force align the boundaries between successive stop consonants. Preliminary results for Hindi database shows that 85.2% of the boundaries detected by the algorithm are well within 20 ms of the manually segmented boundaries. The misclassified frames (20 ms) per sentence or the Frame Error Rate is 20.4%.


The authors aims to find out the relationship between Islamic economic philosophy and developing economic ideology. The author tries to put forward the relationship between Islamic economic philosophy and the Pancasila ideology as the foundation of the nation. The method research used descriptive qualitative method by a literature study and a normative phisopic. The results of the analysis of this paper suggest that the post-sila economy has aspects in common with the principles of Islamic economic values, namely; the first precept with at-Tawhid, the second with al 'Adalah, the third precept with Ukhuwwah, the fourth precept with Musywarah and the fifth precept with Falah.


AbstractPrimary gas standards, gas chromatography, and frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements have been used to assess the effect of variations in the argon mixing ratio on the CO2 mixing ratios reported by commercial cavity ring-down spectroscopy sensors. Supporting calculations demonstrate that the use of argon-free, synthetic air standards can lead to a bias of ≈0.7 μmol mol−1 at atmospheric concentration levels of CO2 as a result of pressure-broadening effects. This bias is an order of magnitude greater than the precision of the best commercial sensors and significantly exceeds the World Meteorological Organization's target compatibility goal.


The first purpose of this study is to analyze events and facts from the past to the present, classify events and facts in the process of changing Taekwondo as a sport competition and find their meaning through Taekwondo magazines. The second purpose is to reinterpret the historical philosophic viewpoint of Taekwondo for the absence of Taekwondo philosophy and the correct interpretation of history on the basis of Taekwondo magazines preserving Kukki Taekwondo records intact and seven characteristics of the sports modernization process suggested by Allen Guttmann. This study tried to analyze the process in the view of pragmatism. In case of Taekwondo, it has been adopted as an official Olympic sport many times, therefore, it has been required more universality as an international sport than ideological or philosophical development as a martial art. This change may give Taekwondo confidence to establish as a sport. Accordingly, it has been necessary for the process of changing Taekwondo as a sport competition to advance with development of period and the process can be a positive change for the future from the viewpoint of pragmatism.


Two numerical models are used to investigate the instantaneous heat transfer between the cylinder walls and gas in a reciprocating compressor. One model uses simple mass and energy balances to predict the bulk thermodynamic properties of the gas in the cylinder. Heat transfer between the cylinder walls and the gas is calculated with a widely used correlation for the heat transfer coeffiecient. The other model solves the unsteady continuity, momentum, and energy equations for the gas in the cylinder using a finite-difference technique. No heat transfer coefficient is needed in this model. Results from the finite-difference model agree quite well with the published results from experiments and similar computations for compressors and non-firing reciprocating engines. The instantaneous heat transfer predicted by the simple model is an order of magnitude less than that predicted by the finite-difference model. INTRODUCTION Heat transfer between the cylinder walls and the gas affects the thermal efficiency of reciprocating compressors. The significance of heat transfer has been debated [1, 2, 3], but no definitive answers have been offered for two questions. How important is heat transfer in determining compressor efficiency, and to what extent can designers control the impact of heat transfer? Research on the effect of heat transfer has taken two basic approaches. The first combines experimental measurements with a heat balance to determine the overall heat transferred to the gas (4, 5, 6, 7]. The advantage of this approach is that it is straightforward. The main disadvantage is that it gives compressor designers little insight into the mechanisms of heat transfer, and the design changes that can improve compressor performance. The second approach uses a numerical model based on the first law of thermodynamics [2, 8, 9]. An advantage of this approach is that parameters may easily be changed to predict the effects of design modifications. The chief disadvantages 159


Abstract This R&D project implements a new way of perception of the three-dimensional surrounding space, based exclusively in sounds and thus especially useful for the blind. The innate capability of locating sounds, the externalization of sounds played with headphones and the machine capture of the 3D environment are the technological pillars used for this purpose. They are analysed and a summary of their main requirements are presented. A number of laboratory facilities and portable prototypes are described, together with their main characteristics.


Abstract Temperature-modulated absorption spectra of SbSI near the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition are reported. The experiment was performed using unpolarized light. The modulation technique allows a more precise and univocal determination of the energy gap E o and its temperature dependence, which has been evaluated by means of a phenomenological interpretation of the experimental lineshapes. A direct explanation is also provided for the already known typical dependence on temperature of the amplitude of modulation spectra at band gap energy.


This article tried directing Islamic education can open with industri revolution 4.0 and with result that Islamic education and Islamic education does not look traditional and is capable to education neo-modernis. An education that balance between al-Quran, as-Sunnah, ulama holy books and technology so that Islamic education not experience disharmony between technology with education and Islamic education will be a central education if can to process that materials. So that Islamic education will be result a smart student in knowledge and technology


We report the one of the first applications of treatment/control group learning experiments in MOOCs. We have compared the efficacy of deliberate practice—practicing a key procedure repetitively—with traditional practice on "whole problems". Evaluating the learning using traditional whole problems we find that traditional practice outperforms drag and drop, which in turn outperforms multiple choice. In addition, we measured the amount of learning that occurs during a pretest administered in a MOOC environment that transfers to the same question if placed on the posttest. We place a limit on the amount of such transfer, which suggests that this type of learning effect is very weak compared to the learning observed throughout the entire course. Introduction The most trustworthy inferences in a complex domain like medicine or education are drawn from experiments comparing outcomes in treatment and control groups that are randomly selected from the same population. Reliability is then largely dependent on statistical uncertainty implying that large samples can support conclusions with greater certainty and/or on smaller effects. Thus treatment/control experiments (A/B experiments) in MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) can leverage the large number of students to study small effects such as learning from particular Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from email@example.com. LAK '15, March 16 20, 2015, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM. ACM 978-1-4503-3417-4/15/03...$15.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2723576.2723582 Christopher Chudzicki Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of


This study was undertaken to assess the change in RANKL and OPG levels in the GCF following the application of orthodontic force. GCF samples were collected from the upper and lower arches of orthodontic patients who had undergone upper and lower first bicuspid extractions. The samples were collected at two time points; T1-End of stage I (Leveling & aligning) and T2- Three weeks after application of retraction force. Disposable micropipettes were used for GCF collection and the collected samples were subjected to an ELISA test to determine the concentrations of RANKL and OPG.
1. Both upper and lower arches showed an increase in RANKL levels from T1 to T2.
In the upper arch a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in the RANKL concentration was observed at T2 (1960 + 285pg/ml) compared to T1 (1520 + 247.3pg/ml).
In the lower arch as well a statistically significant increase (p < 0.0001) in the RANKL concentration was observed at T2 (2008 + 276.7pg/ml) compared to T1 (1584 + 279.9 pg/ml)
2. A reciprocal decrease in the OPG concentration was observed in the upper and lower arches.
The upper arch showed a decrease in OPG levels from 42.8 + 8.3 pg/ml at T1 to 29.6 + 8.43 pg/ml at T2. (p<0.0001).
The lower arch showed a decrease in OPG levels from 40.35 + 7.472 pg/ml at T1 to 20.10 + 7.331 pg/ml at T2. (p<0.0001).
3. An increase in the relative RANKL/OPG ratio was seen in both arches.
In the upper arch, RANKL/OPG ratio increased from 35.5 : 1 at T1 to 66.2 : 1 at T2. (p<0.01)
The lower arch showed an increase in RANKL/OPG ratio from 39.3:1 at T1 to 99.1:1 at T2. (p<0.001).
4. Both factors, i.e, an increase in the RANKL levels and a decrease in the OPG levels contributed to the observed increase in RANKL/OPG ratio. This is in accordance with existing invivo studies by Mogi et al. and Bostanci et al.
The present findings differed from a study done by Lu et al. where the OPG levels remained unchanged and only an increase in RANKL concentration contributed to the increase in RANKL/OPG ratio.
5. The study design varied from existing studies in the manner and duration of force application.
Instead of elastic chains which were used in previous studies, this study used e-ties to apply the retraction force. This was done to provide a relatively constant force over the entire experimental period.
Existing invivo studies have compared the cytokine levels 168 hours after application of orthodontic force. This study increased the duration of the force application to 3 weeks to obtain data belonging to the linear or acceleration phase of tooth movement which require an observation period of at least 15-21 days.
6. Further research in this field would help to refine the analysis of these biologic markers of tooth movement in a clinical setting. This sort of advancement would be especially useful in patients with bone metabolic problems as well as in patients suffering from inflammatory periodontal disease.


The Training Rural Educators in Kentucky (TREK) projects have been providing distance education courses to graduate students in moderate/severe disabilities (MSD) and early childhood special education (ECSE) since 1989. This paper provides the results of a survey conducted at the end of the third 3-year-cycle of federal funding for a TREK project, Training Rural Educators in Kentucky through Distance Learning (TREK-DL). Project staff collected data on students' satisfaction with the content and delivery of distance education courses offered through the TREK projects. In addition, they collected impact data on the degree with which students used best practices for children with disabilities that were emphasized in TREK coursework. The results of the survey show that students were satisfied with the coursework they were receiving and, with the exception of technology malfunctions and communication/interaction difficulties imposed by the technology, they were satisfied with all formats of course delivery (i.e., on site, satellite, and interactive video). In addition, the results show that students are implementing best practices with children who have disabilities and sharing those practices with other adults with whom they work. As well, students indicate that their involvement with the TREK projects has resulted in systemic changes at their places of employment.


Abstract This conversation between Emilia Carlevaro, a longtime political activist and Uruguayan member of the Latin American Organization of the Families of the Disappeared, and Margaret Randall, a feminist poet, writer, photographer, and social activist is a valuable history with lessons for new generations of activists. It explores the shared experience of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Their revolutionary cadre often crossed borders, as did Operation Condor, the regional paramilitary organization charged with destroying them. Keywords: social movements, Latin America, Uruguay ********** THIRTY YEARS AGO, MY SON MARRIED A WONDERFUL URUGUAYAN WOMAN. THEY met in Cuba, where we were living at the time. Laura had arrived with her father and sister, refugees from the Dirty War then engulfing her tiny South American country. Gregory and Laura would go on to France, where they lived for more than a decade and where their three children were born. But eventually, like Laura's father, sister, and so many others, they would return to Uruguay. The dictatorship had fallen. Only the scars remained. Over the years my partner and I tried to visit Uruguay once every year or two. The country began inhabiting a place in our hearts. We witnessed its complex journey through pseudodemocracy to the increasing popularity of a Broad Front (Frente Amplio, FA), and finally the installation of a progressive government. At family asados--the Uruguay an version of our barbeque--several generations would sit around sharing mate, the popular infusion held in a gourd and sipped through a silver straw, and talk about all sorts of things. Little by little, I came to know Laura's large extended family. Generations included aging aunt Augusta, who had played such an important mothering role to younger members of various ages, those who had been forced into exile and those who had stayed. And then there were the youngest, who inherited the dark era only because it was a permanent reference for their parents and grandparents. One night at the family's small beach house in the little fishing community of Santa Lucia del Este, sitting out under southern stars, I asked about those years when siblings had been separated by repression and exile. While Laura and her sister Ana did their university studies in Havana, their older brother Pablo and his future wife Maria did theirs in Montevideo. The war had affected them all in different ways. That evening's conversation taught me how different the experience had been for each of them, and I also learned that they had never before gotten together to compare notes. Listening, and occasionally contributing to, that conversation was Emilia Carlevaro, Laura's aunt. Not only had she stayed in the country, she'd been a member of the Movement of National Liberation (MLN) Tupamaros, the armed struggle organization that eventually helped restore the country's freedom. I knew she had spent a number of years in prison, that like so many she had been tortured, and that in the postwar years she worked with the families of the disappeared. I knew she was a doctor who ministered to the residents of one of the city's marginal neighborhoods. In this family Emilia holds an elder's status. She is always there for its youngest members, and for anyone else needing her support. I knew that if I could convince Emilia to tell her story, it would not only offer a valuable history but also hold lessons for new generations of activists. I wanted to explore a Uruguayan experience: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay suffered together, their revolutionary cadres crossed borders often, as did Operacion Condor, the regional paramilitary organization charged with destroying them. And yet small Uruguay is often left out of the literature. When I wrote to Emilia, asking if I could interview her, her immediate answer was no. She offered the usual "I wasn't that important" argument. …


Introduction: chastity and female identity. The Roman empire: the apostolic life cult and countercults the discipline of the desert. The early middle ages: the power of prayer the frontier outpost the bonds of castimony family ties the world, the flesh, and the devil. The high middle ages: the imitation of Christ cura mulierum disordered women the alchemy of mysticism the tears of Magdalene. The early modern era: regular lives defenders of the faith Martha's part the mystical regiment the sweetness of life. Modern times: culture wars the feminine apostolate. Conclusion: toward a third millennium.


Interpolating scattered data points is a problem of wide ranging interest. Ordinary kriging is an optimal scattered data estimator, widely used in geosciences and remote sensing. A generalized version of this technique, called cokriging, can be used for image fusion of remotely sensed data. However, it is computationally very expensive for large data sets. We demonstrate the time efficiency and accuracy of approximating ordinary kriging through the use of fast matrix-vector products combined with iterative methods. We used methods based on the fast Multipole methods and nearest neighbor searching techniques for implementations of the fast matrix-vector products.


A small, commonly white-colored breed of poultry that is renowned for its ability to produce up to 300 chalk white eggs per year. The fully-grown leghorn chicken averages 3-6 pounds in weight and is characterized by being noisy, flighty, and easily excited. The leghorn has a lifespan of 5-11 years in the wild. In pre-clinical research, the leghorn is a consistent provider of eggs for embryonic, angiogenic, and vasculogenic research.


The ability to differentiate science from science fiction might be
 considered an essential quality in those who stand on their soapboxes
 to proclaim the virtues of particular therapies. Not so the
 protagonists of electrotherapy. It is difficult to think of any
 treatment modality which until recently has been so neglected by the
 purists. This is reflected in the plethora of literature churned out on
 the subject, much of which relates to 'back street' studies which are
 woefully short on science and method.


We consider the prospects for measuring squark flavor violation through the signal of single top production at the LHC. We study this signal in the context of R-symmetric supersymmetry, which allows for large flavor violation in the squark sector, however the results can also be generalized to the MSSM. The single top signal arises from squark pair production in which one squark decays to a top and gaugino, whereas the other squark decays to a non-top quark and gaugino. We study three decay patterns: (I) squark decay into a quark and neutralino LSP; (II) squark decay into a quark and neutralino NLSP, with subsequent decay of the NLSP to a photon and gravitino; (III) squark decay into a quark and chargino NLSP, with subsequent decay of the NLSP to a H±/W± and gravitino. Case II is the most promising, when the NLSP decay is prompt, since every event contains two hard photons that can be used to tag the events, reducing the background to a negligible level. Case I is promising if the neutralino LSP is bino-like. We carefully consider large SM backgrounds and identify a series of cuts to isolate the signal. Case III can occur in the minimal R-symmetric supersymmetric standard model (MRSSM) with Higgsino-like lightest gauginos. Due to the large Higgs coupling, squarks preferentially decay to top quarks, substantially reducing the potential flavor violating signal. Nevertheless, the flavor violating signal might still be identifiable if the chargino NLSP is long-lived.


Variable energy positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (VE-PALS) experiments on polyimide material Kapton are reported. Thin Kapton foils are widely used in a variety of mechanical, electronic applications. PALS provides a sensitive probe of vacancy-related defects in a wide range of materials, including open volume in polymers. Varying the positron implantation energy enables direct measurement of thin foils. Thin Kapton foils are also commonly used to enclose the positron source material in conventional PALS measurements performed with unmoderated radionuclide sources. The results of depth-profiled positron lifetime measurements on 7.6 μm and 25 μm Kapton foils are reported and determine a dominant 385(1) ps lifetime component. The absence of significant nanosecond lifetime component due to positronium formation is confirmed.


Underwater pipeline provides an economic means of oil, gas and water transportation. The underwater pipeline incurs damage due to corrosion, water pressure and mudslides. The oil and gas from impaired pipeline leak in to aquatic environment, affects aquatic eco system and loss of resources. Hence, submarine pipeline require constant monitoring. The submarine pipelines monitor by underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN). The UASN implementation has limitations in terms of bandwidth, ocean current influence on buoys node, end-to-end delay and depth. Hence, mobile Autonomous under water vehicle (AUV) deploy to route data from fixed sensor node to mobile buoys node with minimal energy consumption. The end-to-end delay of UASN depends on routing protocol and node movement due to ocean current. In this paper, we propose CAT Swarm Optimization algorithm (COA) routing in AUV to seek and track mobile buoys node and minimize end-to-end delay, energy consumption between nodes in UASN. The COA performance analyze in NS2-Aquasim environment and the same implement in 1.5x1.5 meter test bed with water for performance analysis. The COA performed better in terms of end-to-end delay and energy consumption compared to conventional routing protocols.


I decided to study the history of American higher education shortly after May 1, 1968. Early that morning, over a thousand New York City police officers had cleared the Columbia University campus of demonstrators and the occupants of five university buildings. Upwards of 800 were arrested; perhaps the same number of students, faculty, and police needed medical attention. The next afternoon, the leaders of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) gathered on the balcony of the Columbia Law School building, looking at over a thousand demonstrators protesting the police action. The images of the police action initiated by the Columbia administration still haunt me. But so does the triumph of "manipulatory democracy" practiced by SDS members.


The investigation of adsorption performance at adsorbent surface can help to reveal the treatment mechanism and improve the treatment efficiency of adsorption technology for heavy metal ions (HMIs). This work developed a methodology to investigate the adsorption behavior of HMI Cr(VI) at silica surface by confined near field evanescent wave (CNFEW) measurement. Silica optical fiber (SOF) was used as adsorption substrate and light waveguide element to integrate both Cr(VI) adsorption and CNFEW production on its surface. According to thesensitive CNFEW response, the adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) was in situ monitored and real time evaluated. The thermodynamic information of adsorption equilibrium constant (Kads) and adsorption free energy (ΔG)), and dynamic information of apparent adsorption rate (vads) and adsorption time (tads)), were obtained through Langmuir isotherm and kinetic fitting, respectively. Different reaction performances between Cr(VI) and adsorption sites were successfully differentiated, evaluated and characterized. A site-decided-mechanism was therefore presented to describe the surface interaction process for Cr(VI), which including fast adsorption on type I Si-O- site through electrostatic attraction with 〖∆G〗_(SiO^--Cr(VI))^I=-45.71 kJ mol^(-1) and slow adsorption on type II Si-OH site through coordinative interaction with 〖∆G〗_(SiOH-Cr(VI))^II=-26.18 kJ mol^(-1). The adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) at SOF silica surface was furthermore verified by zeta potential analysis, FTIR investigation and fluorescence imaging. Unlike conventional ex situ or in bulk detection, the present CNFEW-based approach targets the 'localized' adsorption of Cr(VI) adsorbed to the solid adsorbent surface. Consequently, our work favorably constructs an surface platform and provides new insights on understanding the adsorption mechanism for HMIs.


We investigate lamellar microphases in linear gradient copolymer melts by a combination of techniques, including numerical solutions of self-consistent field equations, scaling theory, and analysis of the strong-segregation limit. In particular, we construct a Flory theory to predict the scaling of the equilibrium lamellar width Leq as a function of comonomer incompatibility measured by χN. The Flory theory balances chain stretching with increased monomer repulsive interactions resulting from conformational fluctuations about a state of uniformly stretched chains, that obtains in the strong-segregation limit. We find Leq/Rg ∼ (χN)1/6, which agrees well with numerical results. Remarkably, this is the same result as for symmetric diblock copolymers, although for quite different physical reasons.


Despite recent extraordinary clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in treating people affected by melanoma, a relevant number of patients still develops an adaptive resistance resulting in poor prognosis. To accelerate access to new therapies, there is a strong need for an in vitro human melanoma model mimicking the complexity of the tumor's cellular and physical microenvironment. Such model should recapitulate 3 critical features: (1) a reconstructed human melanoma-in-skin (Mel-RhS) to model melanoma cell invasion, (2) an endothelium to mimic the vascular system, and (3) circulation of, and ultimately, infiltration by, immune cells.
 Here, we present the development of these 3 individual biological features separately in dynamic conditions. These were constructed in standard multi-well plates (MW) by means of our microenviromentally controlled microphysiological system (MPS) (CubiX). This is a critical step towards the creation of a fully differentiated vascularized immunocompetent metastatic melanoma-on-chip model to recapitulate human pathophysiology, suitable for testing immunotherapies and studying the onset of possible resistance mechanisms.
 (1) Mel-RhS were constructed on transwells (8 μm pore size) and consisted of a human fibroblasts-populated collagen-fibrin dermal compartment, on top of which A375 melanoma cells and human keratinocytes were seeded. Mel-RhS were air-exposed for > 14 days to form of a fully differentiated and stratified epidermis. Melanoma nests developed and expanded into the dermal compartment in the 3D model, mimicking the initial stages of invasive melanoma. Moreover, Mel-RhS were viable under flow conditions for up to 3 days and their histology was comparable to that of the static controls.
 (2) The endothelial layer consisted of a monolayer of CD31+ endothelial cells on the bottom side of the transwell membrane. The shear stress provided by medium perfusion was able to induce alignment (75-80%) of cells within 24 hours (3 times faster than published protocols) as well as Von Willebrand Factor production. Real-time pH, lactate, glucose, and oxygen consumption were measured by using in-line sensors during the culture time.
 (3) Circulation of immune cells (MUTZ-3 progenitor cells) was achieved up to 24 hours in the presence of a healthy reconstructed human skin (RhS) model in a proof-of-concept study. The specific design of the developed MPS allowed for both immune cell flow and collection for downstream phenotypic analysis.
 In conclusion, we have individually recapitulated these major biological features of melanoma in vitro, in standard MW under dynamic culture conditions. In the future, the integration of these features into a single model would provide a unique in vitro vascularized immunocompetent human melanoma-on-chip model as a novel tool to investigate and test new therapies targeting adaptive resistance to ICIs.
 Citation Format: Elisabetta Michielon, Tanja de GruIijl, Taco Waaijman, Matteo Boninsegna, Divyasree Prabhakaran, Hadhemi Mejri, Antoni Homs Corbera, Pierre Gaudriault, Susan Gibbs, Dario Fassini. Towards the development of an in vitro human vascularized immunocompetent metastatic melanoma-on-chip model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 155.


Based on the stratospheric tri-station Time Difference of Arrival(TDOA) passive locating system,the passive locating and tracking algorithm is studied.The IMM algorithm is applied to the stratospheric tri-station TDOA location system.Based on three integrated models of IMM,firstly a rough locating result is figured out based on TDOA measurements,then the IMM is used to estimate the velocity and acceleration of maneuvering targets,and the initial locating result is modified for improving the locating precision.The simulation indicated that the algorithm has short convergence time,high tracking precision and proper calculation cost,and has the adaptive capability for tracking different maneuvering targets.At the same time,the locating and tracking precision of offing remote moving targets is resolved successfully.An idea is also presented to improve locating accuracy of fixed targets with the recursive method.


Embodiments of the present invention is according to protection with comfort and support properties. Protection is knitted or woven sleeve, different shapes and sizes of the shock absorbing pad disposed in the effective range of the sleeve, to protect the ankle range of foot legs and athletes. In particular, shock absorbing pads are arranged in a range on the sleeve, shin lower portion of the athletes to wear protective equipment, medial malleolus, corresponding to the lateral malleolus and Achilles tendon. .FIELD 5