A 10-month-old male infant presented with a large destructive mass that involved the maxilla and palate, and protruded through the mouth. Intra-operative scrape cytology smears stained with rapid Romanowsky (Diff-Quik) stain showed a dual cell population in a faintly blue, lacy background with abundant extracellular elongated pigment granules (Fig. C-1). The predominant cells were small round blue cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, nuclear to nuclear molding, crush artifact, occasional paranuclear blue bodies, and small amounts of indistinct cytoplasm (Fig. C-2A). A second, less numerous, population of epithelioid cells with larger nuclei, open chromatin, moderate to abundant faintly blue cytoplasm containing variable amounts of 1to 2.5-lm long, cigar-shaped pigment granules was also present. The granules stained deep bluegreen with Diff-Quick stain (Figs. C-2B–D) and browngreen with Papanicolaou stain (Fig. C-3A). Occasional nucleoli were seen in the epithelioid cells but not in the small cells. Mitoses were rare. Areas of fibrillary substance with the morphology of neuropil were focally seen (Fig. C-3C). The background also contained rare lymphocytes, neutrophils, and necrotic debris. Based on the intraoperative cytology in conjunction with the frozen section findings, the diagnosis of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) was established and the tumor was resected. Papanicolaou-stained smears showed similar findings, additionally highlighting the cohesive nature of the epithelioid cells. Histologic examination of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis, and demonstrated sheets of small blue (neuroblastic) cells, focally in a fibrillary background and separate tubular or gland-like structures formed by variably pigmented epithelioid cells in a densely collagenized spindle cell stroma. The pigmented epithelioid cells showed a tendency to envelop nests of neuroblastic cells (Fig. C-4). Given the characteristic maxillary location and age of presentation of this neoplasm, the presence of these cigarshaped melanin granules in cytologic preparation from a small blue cell tumor is diagnostic of MNTI. Melanotic neuroectodermal tumors of infancy, previously also referred to as melanotic progonomas or retinal anlage tumors, are rare neoplasms with only about 350 reported cases, including 10 with detailed cytologic descriptions. These tumors, believed to be of neural crest origin, show dual neuroblastic and epithelial differentiation resembling retinal pigmented epithelium. Enveloping pigmented retinal


In this sudy,18 strains of Actinomycetes were screened from intertidal zone sediment of Tang Island Bay.After rescreening on the oily wastewater,a strain named Y-3 with high flocculanting activity was obtained and identified as Streptomyces.Through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment,the optimum medium composition was obtained as follows:ethanol as carbon source,yeast as nitrogen source,low salinity.The optimum cultural conditions were obtained as follows: cultural temperature of 30 ℃,initial pH value of 7.0,ethanol amount of 35 mL·(L sea water)-1,rotation speed of 130 r·min-1.The bioflocculant had good effect on oily wastewater with flocculating rate of 92.76% against kaolin clay suspension under the optimum conditions.


SummaryShoot regeneration in hairy root cultures of Solanum khasianum Clarke influences root growth, solasodine production. and permeabilization of solasodine into the medium. These parameters are dependent on exogenously supplied auxin and cytokinin: the effect being both concentration-and clone-dependent. Hairy root cultures with no shoot regeneration showed high permeabilization of solasodine into the medium by the sixth week of incubation, suggesting the medium acts as a sink for the solasodine synthesized by the roots. Solasodine in the culture medium was toxic to the transformed roots and caused browning of root tips. In a separate set of experiments, the hairy root cultures showed regeneration of approximately 50–70 mm long shoots after treatment with indole-3-acetic acid and kinetin. These hairy root cultures had inereased levels of solasodine production, compared to cultures without shoot regeneration. The plantlets formed in the hairy root cultures accumulated some of the solasodine, thereby reducing its permcabilization into the medium. Transport of solasodine from root to shoot reduced the toxic effect of solasodine in the root zone and extended the exponential growth phase by 8-10d.


Kalra L, Irshad S, Hodsoll J, Simpson M, Gulliford M, Smithard D, Patel A, Rebollo-Mesa I; STROKE-INF Investigators. Prophylactic antibiotics after acute stroke for reducing pneumonia in patients with dysphagia (STROKEINF): a prospective, cluster-randomized, open-label, masked endpoint, controlled clinical trial. Lancet. 2015; 386:1835–1844. Poststroke dysphagia, with subsequent pneumonia, is common and a significant source of morbidity and mortality in acute stroke patients. The Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study (PASS) was published in early 2015. This study randomized 2550 patients in the Netherlands (2010– 2014) to 2 g ceftriaxone daily for 4 days to prevent infectious complications after acute stroke. The investigators found no improvement in the 3-month functional outcome, the primary endpoint, with ceftriaxone therapy. Nor did they find any significant increase in adverse events. The STROKE-INF investigators simultaneously conducted a similar trial in the United Kingdom (2008–2014). The purpose of this prospective trial, reviewed here, was to examine the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic administration in preventing pneumonia after stroke. STROKE-INF randomized 48 stroke units (ie, cluster-randomized; centers stratified for the number of stroke admissions yearly) in the United Kingdom to prophylactic antibiotics for 7 days or standard care. All stroke units were accredited by the United Kingdom National Stroke Audit. Eligible patients were above 18 years old and within 48 hours of acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke at recruitment. Patients were also required to be "unsafe to swallow" due to the level of consciousness, dysphagia, or the presence of a gastric tube. Amoxicillin or coamoxiclav, plus clarithromycin, were recommended, but antibiotics were left to the discretion of the treating center. Additional antibiotics were allowed for the treatment of suspected infections. Pneumonia was diagnosed on the basis of a list of prespecified criteria (Centers for Disease Control algorithm). The primary outcome was poststroke pneumonia on the basis of the diagnostic algorithm. A diagnosis of pneumonia by the treating physician was a coprimary outcome. Secondary outcomes included neurological function, Clostridium difficile diarrhea, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization, the quality of life at 90 days, the length of stay, and mortality. Power calculations based on previously published rates of poststroke pneumonia indicated that 10 clusters of 40 patients would provide 80% power to detect a 12% absolute difference in pneumonia (from 22% to 10%). This was recalculated to decrease the cluster size and add centers to improve enrollment. Finally, it was determined that 1200 participants would provide 80% power to detect a 10.5% absolute difference between groups (2-sided a=0.05). Analyses were by intent to treat. A total of 615 patients were randomized (by stroke unit) to antibiotic therapy and 602 to the control group. Overall, 43% of the participants were male; B90% had ischemic stroke and B10% had hemorrhagic stroke. Approximately one-third received thrombolytic therapy. The baseline median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 15 in the antibiotic group and 14 in the control group. About 16% of the patients in the antibiotic group were current smokers against 15% in the control group. In terms of antibiotic use, 98% of the treatment group received antibiotics at least once (87% at least 3 times) compared with 34% of the controls (10% received antibiotics at least thrice). About 78% of the treatment group received the recommended antibiotic regimen against 1% of the control group. Pneumonia was diagnosed by an algorithm in 13% of the antibiotic group (16% on the basis of physician diagnosis) and 10% of the control group (15% on the basis of physician diagnosis), with adjusted P=0.489 (adjusted for age, stroke severity, and comorbidities). The mean NIHSS at 14 days was 11.7 in the antibiotic group and 10.1 in the control group (adjusted P=0.001). The mortality was 10% at 14 days in both groups (adjusted P=0.796) and 31 against 27% at 90 days (adjusted P=0.204). The neurological outcome was also similar in both groups (18% vs. 21% good outcome at 90 d [modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2], adjusted P=0.448), as was the quality of life. Regarding safety endpoints, C. difficile diarrhea (0.3% antibiotic group vs. 0.7% control group) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (2% in both groups) were not significantly different between groups. Other infections were slightly lower in the antibiotic group (4% vs. 7%, P=0.02); systemic events such as myocardial infarction were not significantly different between the groups. In conclusion, the STOKE-INF investigators conducted a large and well-conducted prospective trial of the antibiotic prophylaxis after acute stroke in patients at a high risk of pneumonia. They found no overall benefit to antibiotic prophylaxis, and thus validated the results of the PASS trial published earlier in 2015. We now have high-level evidence from 2 separate large prospective randomized trials demonstrating no significant benefit or harm from antibiotic prophylaxis after acute stroke. Therefore, prophylactic antibiotic therapy is not recommended in acute stroke patients.


This article presents further development of a Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) prototype, whose main goal is to monitor low-voltage networks using low cost equipment, aiming at a large scale deployment. The device is built around an ARM-based board and commercially available modules. Two units were assembled, calibrated and tested according to the guidelines of IEEE standards. A case study ensues where three experiments are carried out: a comparison with a commercial PMU device, the recording of an interconnected power system event and a low voltage test with controllable loads. The results show that the device (costing between US$ 100.00 and US$ 150.00) can be used to monitor low voltage networks as well as frequency events in interconnected power systems.


PURPOSE: Ependymomas of the spinal cord are rare among children, and individual risks of disease progression are difficult to predict. This study aims at evaluating the prognostic impact of DNA methylation-based classification in children with spinal ependymoma. METHODS: Eighty-two patients with spinal ependymoma <22 years registered in the HIT-MED database between 1992 and 2021 were included. Clinical, radiological, and histopathological data were collected retrospectively. DNA methylation profiles of 46 tumors were classified according to the Heidelberg Brain Tumor Classifier. RESULTS: Spinal myxopapillary ependymoma (SP-MPE, n=27) was the most common methylation group followed by spinal ependymoma (SP-EPN, n=15). Two cases belonged to MYCN-amplified subgroup, one had no match, and one was re-classified as anaplastic pilocytic astrocytoma (the latter excluded from final analysis). WHO grade I and III ependymomas (according to the WHO 2016 classification) classified predominantly as SP-MPE, whereas grade II ependymomas clustered into SP-MPE and SP-EPN. 6/15 patients with SP-EPN (40%) suffered from Neurofibromatosis type 2. Among patients with SP-MPE, 23 underwent gross-total and four a subtotal resection (GTR/STR). Relapses of SP-MPE were more common following STR (5-year progression-free survival (5y-PFS) [STR] 25.0% [95% confidence interval: 0.0-68.4], [GTR] 75.0% [53.4-96.6], p=0.003). In the SP-EPN group, 2/8 patients relapsed after STR (5y-PFS 64.3% [22,3-100]) and 0/7 after GTR (n.s.). WHO I° ependymoma had significantly inferior PFS than II° and III° ependymoma (5y-PFS [I°] 39.0% [5.8-62.2], [II°] 82.4% [67.8-97.0], [III°] 50.5% [18.9-82.1], p=0.009). However, PFS did not significantly differ between SP-MPE and SP-EPN (5y-PFS 65.9% [44.9-86.9], 76.9% [46.3-100], respectively). CONCLUSION: Spinal ependymomas of WHO grade I go along with relatively poor PFS in our cohort, while DNA methylation profiling does not segregate patients into distinct risk groups. Still, larger cohorts and further investigations of methylation class heterogeneity in pediatric spinal ependymomas are needed to complete the basis for future clinical decision-making.


ALMA covering 35-950 GHz is the largest existing telescope array in the world. Among the 10 receiver bands, Band-1, which covers 35-50 GHz, is the lowest. Due to its small dimension and its time-variant frequency-dependent gain characteristics, current solar filter located above the cryostat cannot be applied to Band-1 for solar observation. Here we thus adopt new strategies to fulfill the goals. Thanks to the flexible dc biasing scheme of the HEMT-based amplifier in Band-1 front-end, bias adjustment of the cryogenic low noise amplifier is investigated to accomplish solar observation without using solar filter. Large power handling range can be achieved by the de-tuning bias technique with little degradation in system performance.


Telemedicine is a modality which utilizes technology to provide and support health care across large distances. It has redefined the practices of medicine in many specialties and continues to be a boon for clinicians on many frontiers. Its role in the branch of anesthesia remains largely unexplored but has shown to be beneficial in all the three phases: pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative. Now time has come that anesthesiologists across the globe reassess their strategies and utilize the telemedicine facilities in the field of anesthesia.


This paper aims at analyzing and comparing the behavior of uni-axially eccentrically loaded columns of L shaped section with that of Circular columns using an analytical method in developing moment-curvature relationships. The conventional method of analyzing rectangular columns subjected to bending using interaction diagrams is presented with Design aid for Reinforced concrete structures, SP-16.This study provides an insight to the moment carrying capacity and curvature of L shaped column and circular columns, the moment curvature relation of L; shaped and circular columns was also compared with that of ETABS to estimate the possible deviations. The moment-curvature relations for columns with grade of concrete as M30 and grade of steel Fe 415 is presented. Keywords—L shaped and Circular columns, Interaction Diagrams, Moment Curvature Relationship, Load Moment Interaction.


Background: CT-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology is an established, indeed effective and precise method for diagnosing of pulmonary lesions. Though this procedure has the possibility to lead lung complications. Therefore, this study aimed to learn about the pathological spectrum of pulmonary lesions, examine the pattern of FNAC diagnosis of lung lesions, and analyse and compare the data with published figures. Material & method: This study was carried out at the Pathology Department of Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College and Hospital, as well as the Popular Diagnostic Center in Gazipur, Bangladesh, where all cases were FNAC and cytologically diagnosed. From September 2000 to April 2022, a total of 171 cases were evaluated. All of the patients had nodular or mass lesions in their lungs and were diagnosed with a CT-guided FNAC by following a standard procedure. Result: Out of 171 cases about 119 (69.59%) were male and 52 (30.40 %) female. It was noticed that approximately 117 (68.42%) were malignant cases. Of these, most common malignancy was adenocarcinoma (43.27%). There were about 31.67 % benign lung lesions cases. Among them, 17.54%, 8.87%, 3.5%, and 1.67% cases had pulmonary inflammatory lesions, tuberculosis, aspergillosis and abscess, respectively. Conclusion: CT guided FNAC can diagnose pulmonary lesion fairly and accurately as well as may leading to less morbidity & mortality as treatment can be started early.


Math clubs across Ohio will be hosting their annual spring competitions within the next few months. These math clubs represent only a small portion of the entire student population. How can we get more students involved in math clubs? Perhaps the answer lies in what research calls early math matters. Greg Duncan, an economist and education professor at the University of California (Irvine), is a national expert on the importance of strong early math skills. According to Duncan:


Seven mothers were taught the same language support strategies, in one of two conditions: dialogic reading or elaborative reminiscing with their child. They were also supported in using these strategies over a 6-week period.

The frequency, distribution, and diversity of mothers' strategies were examined before and after the intervention, in two tasks: reading a storybook and reminiscing about a past event. Mothers were also interviewed about their experience and perceptions of dialogic reading or elaborative reminiscing. Additionally, children's narrative and vocabulary skills were examined.

Mothers in the dialogic reading condition used strategies more frequently than those in the elaborative reminiscing condition on the storybook and reminiscing tasks, as revealed by descriptive statistics. Surprisingly, mothers in the reminiscing condition used fewer strategies in the reminiscing task at posttest than at pretest. Descriptively, mothers also showed changes at posttest in their distribution of strategy types, notably greater use of WH questions during both the storybook and reminiscing tasks. All mothers increased their diversity of strategy types on the reminiscing task.

Following the intervention, the children showed improvements in fictional and personal storytelling and receptive vocabulary. Expressive vocabulary and story comprehension did not show an effect. The findings suggest that dialogic reading or elaborative reminiscing, implemented by mothers, has positive effects on certain aspects of children's narrative and vocabulary skills. Nuances in mothers' strategy use across conditions and their impact on children's language skills merit further investigation.


AIMS
To measure the effects of changing attributes of pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) on cigarette packs in a country that has already implemented pictorial HWLs.

DESIGN
A within-subject discrete choice experiment that involved systematic manipulation of pictorial HWL size (75% vs 30% [current policy]); inclusion of imagery on the back of the pack (vs none [current policy]); and color formatting (black on yellow vs. yellow on black [current policy]).

SETTING
Mexico, online panel PARTICIPANTS: Adult smokers (n=705) MEASUREMENTS: For each choice set, participants selected one pack as having the most informative HWL about smoking harms, the one that makes them think the most about quitting, and the one they were most willing to buy. We assessed the independent and interactive effects of HWL attributes on choices.

FINDINGS
Larger HWL size on the pack front (75% vs. 30%) and inclusion of a pictorial image on the pack back were both independently associated with lower willingness to buy a pack (b= -0.228, Standard Error[SE]=0.023 and -0.089, SE=0.016, respectively) and greater perception of an HWL as informative (b=0.214, SE=0.022, and 0.191, SE=0.017, respectively) and motivating to quit (b=0.251, SE=0.023 and 0.194, SE=0.017, respectively). HWL with black text and yellow background were perceived as less informative (b=-0.037, SE=0.016) and less motivating to quit (b=-0.032, SE=0.015) compared with yellow text on a black background.

CONCLUSIONS
Among adult Mexican smokers, pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) on cigarette packages that are larger or cover both sides of the pack appear more effective at lowering purchase intentions and increasing risk perceptions and motivation to quit than smaller HWLs or HWLs with imagery just on the pack front.


Geographically distinct random populations of Echium plantagineum L. (Paterson's curse) were selected across New South Wales, Australia to examine the impacts of Paterson's curse interference upon establishment and biodiversity of common competitors, including both native and non-native herbaceous species. At 16 study sites, 1 m2 quadrats in undisturbed pastures, roadsides, croplands and natural areas were used to evaluate stand counts of Paterson's curse and any other co-established vegetation. Data collected included stand counts of all species present and relative growth parameters related to selected Paterson's curse plants in each quadrat (including height, leaf and stem length and number and reproductive stage). At the same location, quadrats without Paterson's curse were evaluated for relative plant Impact of Paterson's curse (Echium plantagineum) establishment on relative plant biodiversity indices across New South Wales, Australia


In this paper, we present a novel approach to achieve diagnostic color estimation for histological objects in pathology images. The method is based on a von Mises mixture model for hue histogram, followed by implicit pixel clustering via maximum likelihood estimation and representative color computation. Unlike conventional approaches adopting linear processing algorithms to analyze hue histogram which is characterized by a nature of periodicity, we build a circular cluster model composed of multiple von Mises distributions to address the directional nature of hue. Experimental results on synthetic circular data suggest that the proposed circular model outperforms both classical linear thresholding methods and the state-of-art circular thresholding approach in terms of cluster parameter estimation. The color estimation experiment on publicly-accessible cytopathology images demonstrates that our method is capable to accurately estimate object's diagnostic color, which can be used for subsequent image analysis.


This paper reports findings of an ethnographic study on the role and resilience of small-holder seed institutions, and how they can be strengthened for seed security. Data were gathered through historical recounting, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, field observations and informal interviews. Findings show that family seed institutions had better capacity to produce, had critical collaborative links with each other that served to replenish seed stocks, and ensured long-term conservation (i.e. a form of indigenous 'seed bank'). Each family seed institution had centuries of accumulated seed traditions, passed on through successive apprenticeship and inheritance. While saving farm seed was the occupation of family institutions, networking for seed conservation was a communal service. The search for profit from seed quality was not prominent and support from the formal sector almost nonexistent. Intra-communal linkages served to share, develop and conserve expertise, practical knowledge on local social and ecological systems, long-established modes of seed preservation, and distribution. This is one critical means through which local communities endured war, climate change, fires and other threats. This study observed that the development of rural seed security requires seed quality monetarization (relating quality of seed with price), support from formal seed and input sectors, and a functional seed framework that can guide seed system maturation. Whereas indigenous institutions cannot be relied upon exclusively for rice revolution, they are a socially acceptable and trusted starting point to bring immediate support to fragile livelihoods, anchored on their ancestral land and to facilitate locally sustainable rice-based farming systems.


The invention discloses dipping liquid of a polyamide fiber cord and relates to the field of dipping liquid formulae. The dipping liquid comprises a component A and a component B, wherein the component A comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.26-2.34 parts of methanal, 1.42-2.16 parts of resorcinol, 0.04-0.06 parts of sodium hydroxide and 21.4-23.6 parts of soft water, and the component B comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16.98-18.08 parts of butadiene-vinylpyridine copylymer latex, 34.2-35.95 parts of natural latex, 0.027-0.044 parts of sodium hydroxide and 18.7-21.4 parts of soft water. The dipping liquid is simple in formula, a gum dipping process is easier, and the obtained dipping liquid is stable and better in performance, higher in strength and low in cost.


Purpose : In the administration of total parenteral nutrition solution at the clinical dose of 200kcal/kg/day as total calories, after mixing of trace element preparation in growing rats, hepcidin - 25 is induced by non - colloidal iron originating from the trace element preparation. This study investigated the influence of the mixing volume of the trace element preparation in the total parenteral nutrition solution on hepcidin - 25 induction. Method : Hepcidin - 25 was measured after administration of the total parenteral nutrition solution with different mixing volumes of trace element preparation at a dose of 200kcal/ kg/day as total calories in growing rats. The mixing volumes of the trace element preparation were one - half and one - quarter of the clinical dose. As a control, trace element preparation without iron was administered. Results : The induction of hepdicin - 25 was confirmed after administration of the total parenteral nutrition solution mixed with trace element preparation corresponding to one half the clinical dose ; the administration of total parenteral nutrition solution formulated with the trace element of one - quarter of the clinical dose did not induce hepdicin - 25. Discussion : This study suggested that there is a relationship between hepcidin - 25 and the mixing volume of the trace element in the administration of total parenteral nutrition solution to growing rats.


Many rural communities are experiencing a diversity of issues, but what part does leadership play in these communities? This qualitative study describes the environment within two communities in the southeast focusing on community variables of psychological sense of community, community leadership, and social capital. Leaders were identified and a qualitative data analysis identified several themes within these variables. Leaders strongly felt "sense of community" was in the surrounding county and a strong moral compass was provided by schools and churches. Leaders showed a sense of service to their community stressing the importance of involvement in the community. Local community groups provide the greatest opportunity for community action. Finally, they relied strongly on relationships as the backbone to the community. Effective community leaders are important in developing important relationships, establishing communication, and providing the community with direction. Further research should be done with an emphasis on change and development.


The imbalance of wealth distribution, age structure, and quality of life between urban and rural areas all over the world are needed to be addressed in ensuring socio-economic well-being. Rural areas and its community cannot be disregarded as they should have special attention in achieving socioeconomic status and well-being. The impact of socioeconomic well-being is significant where both economic and social dimension is related to the sustainability of rural areas. Sustainable development is connected to human well-being and quality of life where there is a growing interest in socioeconomic well-being measures to move towards sustainability. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview in developing the selection of socioeconomic well-being indicators of rural communities. Besides that, this paper also provides an overview of studies on indicators of socioeconomic well-being according to two-dimension namely economy and social as a fundamental framework for the analysis of the socioeconomic well-being of the rural community.


Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service Trends in Conservation Practices It is difficult to evaluate conservation practice effects on water quality because of the many confounding factors in space and time. It requires a detailed knowledge of both the trends in water quality conditions and the type, number, and location of the conservation practices adopted. The location of conservation practices implemented is particularly important. If the practices are implemented in critical areas, which generate the majority of nonpoint source pollution, they will have a greater influence on water quality than practices implemented in less critical areas. Therefore, a history of conservation practice implementation within a watershed is necessary to determine progress toward achieving watershed project goals.


Extraction of maxillary third molar always comes as a challenge for any dental practitioner owing to its limited accessibility and minimal space for instrument placement. Moreover, the complications related to faulty extraction technique can never be ignored. We have here described a simple and easy method of extraction of the maxillary third molar tooth using hockey stick elevators which can solve most of the problems that are faced by dental surgeons in the extraction of maxillary third molars. This technique has proved its efficacy and has been time tested for removal of a maxillary third molar providing a good alternative for routine extraction techniques of maxillary third molars.


This paper provides estimates of labor market inefficiency and the frictional unemployment rate for Australia and its States over the period January 1978 to December 1997. These estimates are derived from parametric statistical models of employment growth in which technical inefficiencies are accounted for. The mean estimate of the (technically efficient) frictional unemployment rate for Australia over the sample period is 5.3 percent of the labor force. Technical inefficiency in the labor market matching process is significant and contributes around 1.3 percent to the mean steady-state ('natural') unemployment rate. Investigation of the factors explaining the levels of inefficiency suggests that inefficiencies vary countercyclically, are related to which political party is in power and the time of year and that only Western Australia and Queensland have exhibited a significant decline in inefficiency over the period. Copyright 1999 by The Economic Society of Australia.


Congenital obstriietion of the upper part of the alimentary tract is a rare condition. Its frequency has been given by Davis and Poynter1 as 1 in 20,000 subjects, but Sheldon2 states that in 6,000 autopsies in children it -was found in 28 instances. The recognition of such obstruction during life is of importance as successfutl operations for its relief have been recorded. In the absence of operative interference the average duration of life is six days, although some cases may live considerably longer than this.


In this article we analyzed. 126 cases when residents of Irkutsk region and Buryat republic were bitten by Ixodidae tick during 2007-2011 while visiting other regions of Russian Federation (83 % of bites) and. 10 overseas states (17 %). The data on pathogen infection rate, clinical outcomes and. risks of infection with known and. emerging pathogens are presented.


This study examined the factors that most concerned beginning teachers about their first year of teaching. The study assessed the attitudes of 24 preservice teachers who were enrolled in a senior-level undergraduate methods course and 36 graduate students with teaching experience who were enrolled in a graduate level methods course. Participants completed a questionnaire that focused on: discipline and classroom management, the Louisiana Teacher Assessment Program, planning and meeting curriculum standards, portrayal of teacher confidence and assertiveness, student age levels, student apathy, approval and respect from colleagues, student diversity, working with parents, and motivating students. The strongest concerns of both groups related to discipline and classroom management, the Louisiana Teacher Assessment Program, and planning and meeting curriculum standards. Respondents in both groups also agreed that approval and respect from colleagues should be ranked seventh. Differences in the ranking of the other six items indicated some disparity between the groups (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCEAND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


The present titulacion work presents the topic "ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS "he/she SURRENDERS OF ORDERS" WITH TO SYSTEM OF ADMINISTRATION OF QUALITY IN THE COMPANY, BY MEANS OF TO DIAGRAM OF FLOW." Problem that was presented in the company "IMPORTADORA ROSEMARY CORP.", being the lack of clarity of the process "he/she SURRENDERS OF ORDERS", where it was not observed working groups responsible for the execution and development of interrelated procedures that they constitute the process in mention. The lack of a list of the steps of the process, their realization form, maintenance and pursuit of the delivery of the realized orders. Lack of limits of each procedure, nonexistence of a design of diagram of flow of the operations of the company, without having an efficient document of the testimony of the analysis of the process. To improve the company in mention the Process of Orders it was analyzed, by means of a diagram of flow that is a necessary tool to look for in the future an implementation of a system of administration of the quality. The methodology that you applies is that of comparative investigation with technical of observation, he/she interviews, investigation in bibliographical sources as books and papers. Analyzed the problem in the company "IMPORTADORA ROSEMARY CORP." and the advantage that presents the implementation of the DIAGRAM OF FLOW in the company, is expected that the process is more effective, to create an efficient document of the testimony of the analysis of the procedure to improve with which would help in the implementation of a S.G.C. For the aforementioned thing he/she is justified implement a Diagram of Flow.


A wind power box-type substation aims to solve the technical problems that wind power generation faces severe wind site environment and long transport road, and highly requires on structure, protection performance and shock resistance of the substation, environmental temperature and the like. The provided technical scheme includes that the wind power box-type substation comprises a substation, the substation is composed of an oil tank, a body and transformer, the body is disposed inside the oil tank, a cover and a body of the oil tank are fixed in a sealed manner, the transformer together with a high voltage cabinet and a low voltage cabinet forms an independent wind power box-type substation, a high voltage sleeve is led out from the wall on the high voltage side of the oil tank and directly extends into the high voltage cabinet, a lower voltage sleeve is led out from the wall on the low voltage side of the oil tank and directly extends into the low voltage cabinet, an oil level gauge, a signal thermometer and a tap switch are mounted on the side wall of the oil tank, and expansion radiators are arranged on two sides of a narrow face of the oil tank. The wind power box-type substation has the advantages of reasonable structure, stable performance, low loss, low noise, unattended operation, fine shock resistance during long-distance transport, capability of meeting severe operation environments, and safe and reliable protection device.


This paper introduces a kind of zero energy consumption LED intelligent lighting system based on the technology of PoE. The system is a new kind of energy-saving innovative LED intelligent lighting control system based on PoE technology, and the only power source is solor energy. It transfers DC power and data on Ethernet at the same time, reduces the data network failure caused by the power adapter failure and promotes the application of the low power network equipment. By sensing the human activity in the current room and lighting intensity, the system determines the indoor lighting requirements automatically to achieve the intelligent control of LED lighting. This paper describes the system architecture based on mesh topology structure, presents the hardware circuit of the key equipment in the system, analyses the experimental process and gives the experimental results. This design enbodies the zero energy and intelligent lighting.


Neither earlier nor later in Swedish history have such great resources been claimed for the requirements of war as during the great northern war (1700–1721). This dissertation sets out to answer tw ...


Among all the factors that construct the reign moral basis of our Party,the most mportant one is the will of the people.The direct effect of strengthening the construction of the Party' s reign ability is the consolidation and expansion of the Party' s reign basis.We should tamp our Party' s long-term reign moral rationality basis form various aspects.Our Party should thoroughly carry out the important thoughts of "Three Representatives" and "Reign for the People",continuously strengthen the reign moral rationality basis and then it can become the rigid support to lead the construction of China' s socialism modernization.


This paper presents a method to alleviate spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attacks in cognitive radio networks. Spectrum sensing data falsification attacks have been identified as an important unsolved security issue in cognitive radio networks. In essence, SSDF attackers target co-operated spectrum sensing networks. Malicious users send out falsified information about spectrum sensing results (whether a channel is idle or not) in order to deceive legitimate secondary users. To mitigate against SSDF attacks, we introduce a reputation based scheme. Our method is a distributed scheme, in which each secondary user is responsible for gathering and processing data. A distributed scheme is used to mitigate the effects that shadowing and noise have on local observations. Using a distributed scheme allows secondary users to receive additional information from neighboring secondary users, enabling higher accuracy of results. We base our method on a modified belief propagation algorithm that uses reputation as a weighted scalar. Within the reputation scheme, honest users are rewarded with an increase in their reputation. Dishonest users are punished with a decrease in their reputation. Users with a high reputation have a higher influence on the final decision on whether the channel is in use or not. The method presented in this paper is a simple, highly effective way to mitigate spectrum sensing data falsification attacks. It is able to converge quickly and offers high accuracy identification and mitigation of a malicious node.


Congenital vertebral malformations result when the normal induction and formation of the axial skeleton is disrupted during embryonic development1. During early embryonic development, somites, which are transient precursors of the axial skeleton, are formed in a process called somitogenesis2 (Fig. 1). Disruptions in somitogenesis cause vertebral malformations3, including the formation of uneven segments (hemivertebrae and wedge vertebrae), fused segments (block vertebrae), and vertebrae with failure of midline fusion (butterfly vertebrae). Congenital vertebral defects that result from disruption of the induction and formation of the axial skeleton include Klippel-Feil syndrome, spondylocostal dysostosis, Jarcho-Levin syndrome, congenital scoliosis and kyphosis, and a wide range of syndromes and associations (e.g., oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia [Goldenhar syndrome] and the VATER [vertebral defects, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, and radial and renal anomalies] and VACTERL [vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, and limb abnormalities] associations)4-10. While there is frequently overlap in diagnostic classification for these disorders, differences in severity and localization of defects can aid in defining general categories. Vertebral malsegmentation can be observed globally (as in spondylocostal dysostosis or Jarcho-Levin syndrome) or regionally (as in the cervical vertebral fusions of Klippel-Feil syndrome) or in one or two vertebrae (as in Alagille syndrome or some forms of congenital scoliosis). Disruption of genes involved in axial skeletal development, environmental insults during gestation, or a combination of these factors can lead to vertebral defects. The availability of the human genome sequence is aiding in the identification of genetic causes of vertebral malformations. As discussed below, the developmental mechanisms regulating somitogenesis can lead to segmental defects.

Fig. 1
Diagram illustrating the normal formation of somites (the embryonic precursors to the vertebrae, ribs, and axial musculature) and the consequences of defects in early development. nt = neural tube. psm = presomitic mesoderm.

The severe …


EEG event-related potentials, and the P300 signal in particular, are promising modalities for brain-computer interfaces (BCI). But the nonstationarity of EEG signals and their differences across individuals have made it difficult to implement classifiers that can determine user intent without having to be retrained or calibrated for each new user and sometimes even each session. This is a major impediment to the development of consumer BCI. Recently, the EEG BCI literature has begun to apply convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for classification, but experiments have largely been limited to training and testing on single subjects. In this paper, we report a study in which EEG data were recorded from 66 subjects in a visual oddball task in virtual reality. Using wide residual networks (WideResNets), we obtain state-of-the-art performance on a test set composed of data from all 66 subjects together. Additionally , a minimal preprocessing stream to convert EEG data into square images for CNN input while adding regularization is presented and shown to be viable. This study also provides some guidance on network architecture parameters based on experiments with different models. Our results show that it may possible with enough data to train a classifier for EEG-based BCIs that can generalize across individuals without the need for individual training or calibration.


"Islamic State versus National State" was a heated political issue throughout the 1950s that created highly tense and dividing debates among Indonesia's political communities. President Soekarno, a leading proponent of National State, raised this issue for the first time in his speech in Amuntai on January 27 th , 1953. The present paper contends that this speech was crucial for the political discourse contestations that followed between the religiously-neutral Nasionalist camp and the Islamic camp. The former argued against the latter's idea of building an Islamic state in Indonesia and proposed instead, a secular state that guarantees the right of its citizens to observe their religious teachings. The value of Soekarno's speech could be seen from reactions it generated from the supporters of Islamic State who called it a smear campaign and a doctrine dangerous to their struggle to erect an Islamic state in Indonesia.


Whole language (WL), emerging in the late 1970s, was a theory‐in‐practice, grass‐roots teachers' movement that dramatically changed classrooms worldwide. With an emphasis on student‐centered, meaning‐focused, experiential, and interactive engagement with the curriculum, this movement offered more choices and possibilities for classroom teachers and students. Using a systematic historical and archival inquiry of the written words of Ken Goodman, considered the founder of WL, and selected archival documents, I describe his influence on WL teachers' professionalism from mid‐1970s through mid‐1990s. Through his research, writings, and presentations, he positioned teachers as informed, empowered creators of curricular knowledge, instead of passive consumers and script‐followers. Pantić's (2017) model of teacher agency for social justice frames this inquiry and further explicates how WL teachers became agentic. The study concludes with reminders of Goodman's influence today. His respect and subsequent actions to further teachers' agency provides guidance as we address contemporary teacher challenges.


These new plants are the first genetically altered cauliflower developed using the process known as cell fusion, according to Cornell Univ. scientists Elizabeth D. Earle, a specialist in tissue culture and cell fusion technologies, and Martha A. Mutschler, a plant breeder, both in the University's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.


Effective protein extraction is essential especially in producing a well‐resolved proteome on 2D gels. A well‐resolved placental cotyledon proteome, with good reproducibility, have allowed researchers to study the proteins underlying the physiology and pathophysiology of pregnancy. The aim of this study is to determine the best protein extraction protocol for the extraction of protein from placental cotyledons tissues for a two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D‐GE). Based on widely used protein extraction strategies, 12 different extraction methodologies were carefully selected, which included one chemical extraction, two mechanical extraction coupled protein precipitations, and nine chemical extraction coupled protein precipitations. Extracted proteins were resolved in a one‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and 2D‐GE; then, it was compared with set criteria: extraction efficacy, protein resolution, reproducibility, and recovery efficiency. Our results revealed that a better profile was obtained by chemical extraction in comparison to mechanical extraction. We further compared chemical extraction coupled protein precipitation methodologies, where the DNase/lithium chloride‐dense sucrose homogenization coupled dichloromethane‐methanol precipitation (DNase/LiCl‐DSH‐D/MPE) method showed good protein extraction efficiency. This, however, was carried out with the best protein resolution and proteome reproducibility on 2D‐gels. DNase/LiCl‐DSH‐D/MPE was efficient in the extraction of proteins from placental cotyledons tissues. In addition, this methodology could hypothetically allow the protein extraction of any tissue that contains highly abundant lipid and glycogen.


A 51-year-old woman with pancreatic cancer had F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scanning for disease staging. A biliary stent had been placed 4 days earlier to relieve obstruction. The FDG-PET scan showed focal uptake in the bile duct exactly corresponding to the course of the biliary stent. The patient did not have clinical evidence of cholangitis, and during surgery no tumor was found involving the bile duct. This indicates that recent insertion of a biliary stent can cause FDG uptake in the bile duct around the stent, likely secondary to local inflammation from the stent passage.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of blue and red led phototherapy combined with jinhua xiaocuo pills and chloramphenicol tincture on the treatment of patients with acne vulgaris. Methods Patients were randomly divided into two groups,60 patients of treatment group were treated by red blue phototherapy combined with jinhua xiaocuo pills and chloramphenicol tincture, 60 patients of control group were treated with jinhua xiaocuo pills and chloramphenicol tincture. Acne was assessed at baseline and 4 weeks later. Results The effective rate in treating group was 91.67% and control group was 65.00%(P0.05);Two subjects reported side effects of the light treatment in the form of mild facial erythema, itching and scaling. Conclusion Blue and red led phototherapy combined with jinhua xiaocuo pills and chlorampenicol tincture on the treatment of acne is superior to jinhua xiaocuo pills and chlorampenicol tincture.


In this paper, we present a new knowledge-based application dedicated to hot forging. Hot forging is a multiple stages plastic deformation of metal starting from an initial part - named billet. The main difficulty of this process is to get each intermediate metal part - named preform - that is actually defined by blacksmiths thanks to forging rules and know-how. Our application supplies automatically the entire process: it reduces the 3D desired forged part into some appropriate slices thanks to morphological and geometrical criteria. For each slice, it extracts trade features and deforms the slice according to forging rules. Finally, it creates the preform by assembling the deformed slices. The application may iterate on this preform if necessary. In this study, we focus mainly on slices determination, trade features extraction and part reconstruction.


Arne Næss considered nature the best source of knowledge and regarded the economists as morally responsible for the ecological crisis. Therefore, this research focused on students of economic fields at the university level. The experimental group (n = 236) led by a teacher-as-researcher completed a Business Economic course by forest workshops for one semester because the sustainability principles can be very well explained and observed on examples of forest fauna and flora and then applied in managerial practice. Many similarities were found between forest and business principles (optimal growth rate, teamwork, cooperation models, parasitism). This paper aimed to identify if students' proficiency in applying sustainable mindset from a forest ecosystem to practice increased. The achievement test compared outcomes of the experimental and control group (n = 190) of students. Based on statistical testing, it can be stated that the experimental intervention led to better results compared to the control group. For issues in which no suitable parallel with the forest ecosystem was found and were therefore explained according to the textbook, group (E) did not perform better than group (C). The methodology is based on qualitative and quantitative research, a mixed-methods approach.


In this paper, we propose an antenna selection algorithm for down link MIMO SDMA OFDM system. For each user, the data rate corresponding to each transmit antenna is maximized using the optimal bit loading algorithm. A data rate matrix is constructed and used for the antenna selection algorithm assuming the base station (BS) knows the signal-to-noise ratio on all antenna-user pairs of all sub-carriers. In addition to exploiting the multi-user diversity gain, all users are served fairly by the BS. The fairness is achieved through weighting the data rate matrix by a weighting matrix with coefficients inversely proportional to the number of times served for each user. Jain's fairness index is used as a measure of the fairness. Simulation results show that a significant increase in the data rate is a achieved compared to the ultimately fair round Robin algorithm, while satisfying a reasonable fairness.


As emojis are widely used in social media, people not only use an emoji to express their emotions or mention things but also extend its usage to represent complicate emotions, concepts or activities by combining multiple emojis. In this work, we study how emoji combination, a consecutive emoji sequence, is used like a new language. We propose a novel algorithm called Retrieval Strategy to predict what emoji combination follows given a short text as context. Our algorithm treats emoji combinations as phrase in language, ranking sets of emoji combinations like retrieving words from dictionary. We show that our algorithm largely improves the F1 score from 0.141 to 0.204 on emoji combination prediction task.


Employees are the building blocks who contribute for growth of the organization. The major problems that influence employees are work stress, organization values and performance extraction by the organization. Majorly service to the customers becomes the trademark of success and that drives to focus on the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) in the organization. In current business scenario, work done by the BPO service is increased and in turns increases the number of employees in the organization. This overall strategy drives the employees to boost up their potential and contribution towards the organization. On the other hand, employees are struggled to do their work which increases work stress, job alienation, and mental pressure. The research deals with life style as personal issues, BPO culture, family background, skills, communication, health and sexual knowledge of young BPO employees of the organization in Ahmedabad. The result of this paper is an emerged analyze of the major components that impact the life style of the young BPO employees in Ahmadabad City.


This paper describes the application of 5th and 7th harmonic filters to an oil gathering and processing facility substation to reduce total harmonic voltage distortion on the local utility system to within IEEE-519 recommended limits. The authors describe harmonic amplification, harmonic analysis and 25 kV bulk filter design, filter construction and installation, and filter energisation results.<<ETX>>


There was also a tendency to regard all dark shadows in the negative as pathological. One often saw a dark shadow near the apex of the lower premolars, but this was the mental foramen; there were dark shadows also seen about the roots of upper molars, showing the dipping downwards of the floor of the antrum. Further, the appearance of exostosis could be produced by a curved root, i.e., when the plane of the photograph was oblique to the root curve. Some slight rarefactions were also sometimes seen on the skiagram, which he did not think meant disease. For instance in cases of straightrooted teeth which, after an attack of periostitis due to death of the nerve, had been drilled into, and the pulp chambers and canals had been thoroughly cleared and cleansed. He had watched such for years, and they continued quite healthy, there had never been a gumboil or periodontitis or anything of that kind. With regard to the prevention of apical troubles in dead teeth, more care was needed in thoroughly clearing pulp chambers. Short-cuts in treatment, such as mummifying pastes, &c., where contents of pulp chambers were left, should be abandoned. He was aware of the difficulty of being quite sure that curved and inaccessible canals were quite clear of decomposing tissue; in some cases such complete clearance was impossible. In a paper he read many years ago before the Odontological Society the author laid stress on the importance of opening the canals in the long axis and of enlarging and reaming them well out. This ensured thorough clearance and it gave a better chance of following along a curved canal. With straight roots, however, it should not be impossible to get the pulp canals quite clean. The prophylaxis of gingivitis was a more simple matter; it consisted of the inculcation of shampooing and frictionizing the gums with a fairly stiff toothbrush, with or without an antiseptic; the latter being of only secondary importance. He agreed with Sir William Willcox that the earlier recognition and treatment of dental sepsis would be one of the most important factors in improving the health of the nation. As already said, the list of diseases Sir William Willcox gave as due to dental sepsis was somewhat appalling; he had stated that 72 per cent. of the cases of arthritis were of dental origin, and he (Mr. Hern) would like to know what percentage of these were apical troubles of teeth, and in what proportion gingival or pyorrhaeal troubles were the cause.


We describe here the realization of a terahertz (THz) imager based on a high-Tc superconducting (HTS) Josephson junction detector. The detector, made of an YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) step-edge junction, is coupled to a thin-film antenna and a hemispheric silicon lens. Images of high visual quality are obtained at temperatures above 77 K. The results demonstrated the potential of a HTS superconducting detector based THz imaging system. The design, implementation and characterization of the HTS Josephson detector and imaging system together with some images acquired will be presented.


Transcription of the DNA modification gene (mom) of bacteriophage Mu requires methylation of three GATC sites upstream of the mom promoter by the Escherichia coli deoxyadenosine methylation function (Dam). The three sites map within a 40‐bp segment termed region I. Small deletions, inversions, duplications and specific point mutations have been introduced in region I. Their effect on mom expression has been studied in dam+ and dam strains. Dam‐dependent expression of the mom gene requires a specific arrangement of the three GATC sites and the presence of the methylated base in at least two of the three sites. We show that mom specific modification is regulated by a host protein. The Mom function is expressed in dam strains if they are defective in one component of the methylation‐instructed mismatch correction system, mutH. We suggest that the product of mutH functions as a transcriptional repressor by binding to region I.


Abstract Background: There is a broad semantic network of aging stereotypes; where different concepts and their measurement are confused: personal stereotypes, self‐stereotypes and self‐perception of aging. Method: First, we analyze the translated version of the Image of Aging Scale (IAS) measurement model through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, with two representative sub‐samples of the Spanish population aged over eighteen (N = 1,105) and in a sample of gerontologists and geriatricians (N = 325). Second, in an effort to disentangle the theoretical relationships between personal stereotypes, self‐stereotypes and self‐perception of aging, both the IAS (with different instructions) and Lawton's 5‐item scale were administered to a representative sample of Spanish people over 50. Results: Our results indicate that the Spanish version of the IAS has a similar psychometric structure to that proposed by the authors. Furthermore, the factorial structure (equal form and metric invariance) is replicated in both samples, but latent means and factor correlations were higher in the professional group. Conclusions: We discuss Levy's theoretical assumptions about personal‐stereotypes and the self‐stereotype measured with IAS and their relationship to self‐perception of ageing. Resumen Evaluando estereotipos del envejecimiento: estereotipos personales, autoestereotipos y auto‐percepción del envejecimiento. Antecedentes: existe una amplia red semántica sobre los estereotipos del envejecimiento; donde se confunden diferentes términos como: los estereotipos personales, autoestereotipos y la auto‐percepción del envejecimiento; así como la manera en que se evalúan. Método: con el objetivo de clarificar esta red semántica, se analiza la versión traducida del modelo de medición Image of Aging Scale (IAS) a través del análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, en dos sub‐muestras representativas de la población española mayor de 18 (N = 1.105) y en una muestra de gerontólogos y geriatras (N = 325). También se administran el IAS (con diferentes instrucciones) y la escala de 5 ítems de Lawton a una muestra representativa de españoles mayores de 50 años. Resultados: nuestros resultados indican que la versión española de la IAS tiene una estructura psicométrica similar a la propuesta por los autores. La estructura factorial se replica en ambas muestras, las medias latentes y las correlaciones de los factores fueron mayores en el grupo profesional. Conclusiones: se discuten los supuestos teóricos de Levy sobre los estereotipos personales y el auto‐estereotipo medidos con el IAS y su relación con la auto‐percepción del envejecimiento. Palabras clave: estereotipos del envejecimiento, estereotipos personales, auto‐estereotipos y la auto‐percepción del envejecimiento.


The paper presents an experimental and numerical study of the effect of spray angle on spray cooling when applied in the thermal management of electronics. A thermal test chip provided the heated target, and was cooled by a single pressure swirl atomizer. A perfluorocarbon (PF5060) was employed as the coolant. The coolant was subcooled to a fixed level of 26° C, and was sprayed directly onto the heated target at a fixed flow rate of 22 ml/min. The spray angle was varied between 0 and 60 degrees, and the outlet of the atomizer was located at a fixed radius of 1.4 cm from the heated target. The model of Mudawar and Estes (1996) was also modified to account for the effect of spray angle, then used to assist in interpretation of the experimental data. In an effort to estimate the heat transfer characteristics, an inverse heat transfer algorithm is developed. A direct finite element model is applied with estimated heat flux distributions to simulate the thermal field in the test microchip for various cooling conditions. Experimental results are presented for a number of cases and compared with the model's predictions. The experimental data and model both showed that cooling capability dropped off when spray angle exceeded 50 degrees.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


This article introduces a new framework of network management based on Web Service. The network equipment is made a service provider and service requestor by embedded Web Service to it. Some advantages of this framework in modeling,communication,information process and distributed network management are showed by using Web Service.


In 1973, Theodosius Dobzhansky wrote a short essay whose title "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution" became a highly popular catch phrase for evolutionary biologists. Whereas Dobzhansky was criticizing at the time anti-evolutionary creationism, his words reflect, in the context of neuroscience, that since the earliest microscopic studies on the structure of the brains of vertebrates, neuroanatomists have noted many striking similarities in organization across species. The brainstems of all vertebrates clearly follow a common plan of development and organization with increasing divergence in the structure of the diencephalon and telencephalon. In mammals, the telencephalon is dominated by the neocortex, which lies entirely above the lateral ventricle and envelops the deeper telencephalic structures of the basal ganglia including striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) and pallidum (globus pallidus) (compare Fig. 1AC and 1D). Because the cortex enshrouds the lateral ventricle, cerebral cortex was also called the pallium (cloak or mantle) by early anatomists (e.g., Smith, 1919). Similarly, structures of the telencephalon below the lateral ventricle were considered subpallial. The reliance on the lateral ventricle as an important boundary separating pallial and subpallial structures has, however, caused confusion when attempting to extend this distinction to non-mammalian vertebrates. In nonmammalian taxa, no neocortex exists as an obvious 6layered structure, and the neural tissue lying above the ventricle is either non-laminated, or sparsely laminated. Hence, early comparative neuroanatomists (see, for example, Ari€ens Kappers et al., 1967) considered this supraventricular part of the forebrain to be pallial, and the remainder, below the ventricle, to be subpallial (Fig. 1A). Based purely on these topological considerations, the subpallial components were equated with mammalian basal ganglia and were named, accordingly, neostriatum. With the advent of histochemical techniques and the ability to trace connectivity reliably over long distances in the 1960s (Karten, 1969; Nauta and Karten, 1969; Karten, 1991, 1997; Wang et al., 2010; Butler et al., 2011; Karten, 2013), it became evident that the classic formulation of organization of non-mammalian brains was incorrect. Many structures lying below the lateral ventricle had anatomical, biochemical, and functional properties more characteristic of neocortex than of basal ganglia. The realization that subventricular cell groups could be equivalent to cortical populations led to a revolution in thinking about the organization of the avian forebrain, culminating in 2004 with a renaming of the structures in the telencephalon of birds (Reiner et al., 2004; Jarvis et al., 2005), to represent better contemporary views of telencephalic organization. For example, the neostriatum — a structure below the lateral ventricle now recognized to participate in cortex-like functions — was renamed nidopallium, reflecting its probable homology to part of the mammalian pallium. The pair of papers by Jarvis and coworkers in this issue of the Journal of Comparative Neurolology, involves a largescale survey of gene expression patterns across key regions of the telencephalon of birds. (For supplementary histological materials, see http://Wiley.Biolucida.net/ JCN521-16Jarvis_Chen). The patterns of expression largely confirm (see also Dugas-Ford et al., 2012) the pallial nature of many of the structures situated ventral to the lateral ventricle, which classical neuroanatomists had considered to be subpallial. More importantly, the current studies demonstrate that several subventricular populations are topologically continuous with, and share molecular expression properties with, populations situated above the lateral ventricle suggesting an origin from a common embryonic cytological field. Thus, a single population of cells, all equivalent to a set of neocortical neurons, may lie both above and below the lateral ventricle when viewed in transverse sections (Fig. 1B). In mammals (Fig. 1D), the neocortex does not arise by simple radial migration from a proliferative ependymal layer, but also entails long-distance radial and tangential migrations from basal forebrain areas (Anderson et al., 1997). In fishes too, large-scale migrations of neuronal populations from their site of origin may account for the final appearance of the adult telencephalon (Yamamoto et al., 2007). The realization that a cell group's location in adults with respect to the lateral ventricle may not be related to its function or embryonic site of origin is of fundamental importance when trying to define homologies for parts of non-mammalian and mammalian brains. The topography of neuronal populations with respect to the lateral ventricle is especially confounding when considering the forebrains of ray-finned fishes. In this group, no neuronal populations lie above the ventricle (Fig. 1C); the ventricle is covered only by a thin membrane, the tela choroidea, produced by fusion of pia and ventricular ependyma, without obvious intercalated neurons. This organization led early comparative anatomists to the view that the telencephalon in teleosts


Background: Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare tumor comprising 2.5% of soft tissue sarcomas. The tumor presents as a painless mass in the proximal extremities and trunk, is histologically, immunohistochemically & genetically distinct from osseous chondrosarcoma.
Case History: We present a case of Extraskeletal Myxoid chondrosarcoma in a 63 year old female patient. She presented with a painless soft tissue mass along the lateral aspect of right knee since six years which was slowly increasing till present size of 10x10cm. Wide excision was done. Histopathological examination aided with immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of Extraskeletal Myxoid chondrosarcoma. The patient did not reveal metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Three months follow up is uneventful.
Conclusions: 1) Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor. Definite diagnosis is made by histopathological examination with the support of immunohistochemistry.
2) Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a phenotypically and genotypically distinct entity than osseous chondrosarcoma and needs long term follow up because of its protracted clinical course.


The line crack in a nonlocal elastic medium has been analyzed by the dislocation pile-up model. The obtained crack tip stress has a finite value. It is proposed that the long-range cohesive force between the two crack surfaces must be considered in the nonlocal stress boundary conditions. A surface energy definition possessing more definite physical meaning is given. The surface energy, theoretical strength, fracture criterion, and curvature radius of the crack tip are obtained. A scheme for solving nonlocal mixed boundary-value problem with the classical displacement field is suggested.


ABSTRACT Alcohol use among college student-athletes should be of great concern due to their risk for excessive consumption and related negative consequences compared to their non-athlete peers. Previous research has focused on reasons and/or motives for alcohol and other drug use among student-athletes, rather than non-use. Additionally, previous studies on student-athletes have typically focused on a single NCAA division. Therefore, the purpose of this study sought to identify both reasons for use and nonuse of alcohol among NCAA student-athletes, and explore potential differences by gender/sex, race/ethnicity and NCAA Division. In summary, there are significant differences for use and non-use of alcohol between males and female student-athletes, White and Black student-athletes, and student-athletes of differencing NCAA divisions (I, II, and III). ********** Data reported by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (2012) suggest that alcohol use among college student-athletes should be of great concern because they are more likely to engage in excessive consumption of alcohol and experience serious negative consequences when compared to their non-athlete peers (Martens, Dams-O'Connor, & Beck, 2006). In the same report, the NCAA presented substance abuse trends of NCAA student-athletes; 83.1% of respondents reported drinking alcohol within the last 12 months and of this group 49% reported drinking five or more drinks in one sitting (binge drinking/heavy episodic drinking). Moreover, student-athletes that engage in alcohol abuse have reported that they believe this behavior is a normal part of college life for most student-athletes (LaBrie, Hummer, Huchting, & Neighbors, 2009). Not only are college student-athletes susceptible to the same physical, cognitive, and social consequences of alcohol and other drug use as their non-athlete peers, these effects are often exacerbated by the demands that intercollegiate sports place on them (Denny & Steiner, 2009; Venne, Laguna, Walk, & Ravizza, 2006). Whereas physical and cognitive side effects of substance use such as dehydration, increased blood pressure, and difficulty concentrating are of concern for everyone, these same side effects among athletes can cause serious performance impairments, injury, and longer recovery from injury (Murphy, Snape, Minett, Skein, & Duffield, 2012). There is also a growing body of research on the relationship between substance use and psychosocial consequences among college student-athletes. Compared to non-athletes, student-athletes are more likely to experience negative alcohol related consequences such as driving under the influence or riding with someone under the influence, risky sexual behavior, and physical and/or sexual violence (Brenner & Swanik, 2007; LaBrie et al., 2009). Consumption of alcohol by student-athletes differs due to many varying factors. For example, peer norms, environmental influences, and parental communication are all significant mediators of the athlete-heavy drinking relationship (Turrisi, Mastroleo, Mallett, Larimer, & Kilmer, 2007). Another consideration is the unique social environments, heightened physical and psychological stress, and greater time constraints experienced by student-athletes as a result of their dual status as an athlete and as a student (Yusko, Buckman, White, & Pandina, 2008). For example, alcohol use has been shown to be related to in-season/out-of-season fluctuations (Yusko et al., 2008) and peer and environmental influences (Mastroleo, Marzell, Turrisi, & Borsari, 2012; Turrisi et al., 2007). Previous research has examined the concepts of motives and reasons for alcohol use in an effort to postulate why student-athletes use alcohol (Wahesh, Milroy, Lewis, Orsini, Wyrick, 2013). The terms motive and reason are often not differentiated and used interchangeably. According to Merriam-Webster (n.d.), motive is defined as a need or desire that causes a person to act; whereas, reason is a statement offered in explanation or justification (e. …


The "Archaeology in Bulgaria, 2006 Season" news-letter presents data in summary form concerning all archaeological sites investigated in 2006, as well as brief reports on specific archaeological excavations. Reports are arranged geographically from west to east and from north to south.


An experimental study of adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics for Cd2+ on the montmorillonite and desorption kinetics and thermodynamics for Cd2+ with simulated acid rain were conducted by simulating the natural environment.The results indicated that the adsorption kinetics and desorption kinetics were fitted to the Lagergren quasi-second equation,the correlation coefficients(R)were larger than 0.98 when the temperatures were 30℃,40℃ and 50℃ respectively.The adsorption capacity of cadmium on montmorillonite exhibited a process of rise-fall-rise-balance with the time delay at different temperature,and desorption capacity were increased at first and then equilibrium with increase of time.Adsorption process of cadmium on montmorillonite was a spontaneous endothermic process,and it was affected little by temperature.Desorption process was a non-spontaneous exothermic process,and temperature had a big influence on it.


The purpose of this article is to provide a systematic evaluation to examine characteristics of the thermal conductivity and thermal rectification of H-terminated graphene nanoribbons (HGNRs) with Lpristine/LH-terminated = 1. The results show that HGNR thermal conductivities increase in both directions across the entire temperature range tested. Simultaneously, thermal rectification of HGNRs at various temperatures is detected. We found that with increasing temperature the thermal rectification has a gradual decreasing tendency. Furthermore, the overlap of power spectra was calculated to elucidate the underlying mechanism of thermal rectification. This work indicates a possible route to achieve thermal rectification for 2D materials by hydrogenation engineering.


This paper finds the propagation constant of general 2-D cylindrical microstrip and coupled microstrip transmission lines, with and without dielectric overlay, that are printed on ferrite substrates. The ferrite substrate is excited by an axial DC magnetic field. The accuracy of our results is verified by comparisons with other full-wave and quasi-static results. The proposed method is versatile, accurate and rapidly convergent.


This memo describes the basis for the ngVLA dynamic range science requirement, which is to enable the detection of a Milky Way like galaxy forming stars at ≈ 5 M ⊙ yr − 1 at the peak of cosmic star formation activity (i.e., z ∼ 2) at 8 GHz in the observer reference frame. The rms at 8 GHz needed to detect such a galaxy at the 5 σ level is σ ≈ 34 . 5 nJy. Based on 1.4 GHz source counts, the brightest source within the full width at half maximum of the primary beam (assuming an 18 m diameter antenna) has an 8 GHz flux density of S ν ≈ 531 . 5 µ Jy, requiring a brightness dynamic range of ≳ 41.9 dB. However, given the Poisson uncertainty in choosing such a field that would only have a single bright source of that flux density along with a negligible amount of flux density being contributed by the remaining sources in the field, the dynamic range requirement for this science goal is conservatively set to ∼ 45 dB based on known radio source counts. It is expected that such a dynamic range could likely be achieved with existing self-calibration techniques. Given the current ngVLA design and corresponding performance estimates (October, 2022), the integration time to detect such a source is ≈ 37 hr.


SUMMARY.

1
 Hypophysectomy has little or no effect upon growth in neotenous Amblystoma tigrinum.

2
 Regression of the gonads appears to be compensated at least partly by increase in size of the fat-body and possibly also by slightly accelerated growth of the remainder of the body.

3
 The ratio food intake/weight gained is unaltered by hypophysectomy in young actively-growing axolotls, and slightly but not significantly raised in sexually mature larvae.

4
 Following the operation the behaviour of the gonads is exactly like that already described by Burns and Buyse (1931) for this species. This closely resembles their behaviour in Xenopus laevis (Bellerby and Hogben, 1938).


Uncertainty factors of a project construct process which includes randomicity and fuzziness affect the evaluation of project completion time greatly.To manage both randomicity and fuzziness in projects properly,cloud model and cloud operation are introduced to network program modeling methods and a network program modeling method based on cloud model is presented.This network program modeling method based on cloud would reflect uncertainty factually and provides more valuable information.Because network program modeling method based on cloud considers uncertainty adequately,it evaluates completion time of project close to fact.


As COVID-19 spreads, an increasing number of industries have become stagnant, especially the hotel industry. Considering safety hazards, lots of hotel employees tend to make a career change. Therefore, the labor shortage and rising operating costs of human resources have gradually become the major issues for the hotel industry under the pandemic. In this circumstance, it is of great significance for the human resource department to think about how to adjust the hotel business strategy, optimize the management structure and reduce labor costs. Taking the renown Hilton Hotel as an example, this paper describes how the hotel should adopt human resources strategies to effectively cope with the crisis brought by COVID-19 and seize new development opportunities in this context. Hilton Hotels is working hard to ensure guaranteed quality of service during the pandemic, lowering corporate labor costs, and earning higher profits.The specific practice is to improve employee satisfaction, launch new employment mode, use artificial intelligence and so on.


The theoretical resolution capability of Bragg‐imaging technique for two‐dimensional problems has been verified using ultrasonic waves in solids at frequencies in the vhf and L‐band range. The resolution was investigated as a function of ultrasonic wavelength and laser‐beam convergence angle. With an optical arrangement which utilizes a combination of a diffraction‐limited spherical lens and low‐grade cylindrical lenses, resolution nearly equal to the theoretical value was obtained. For this investigation it was necessary to devise techniques for generating multiple ultrasonic beams in one‐ and two‐dimensional array configurations with well‐defined beam dimensions and separations. It is found that the most reliable method of fabricating such configurations is to deposit a gold‐film back electrode with an identical array pattern on a uniform CdS film transducer. The application of Bragg‐imaging technique for visualizing the activity pattern of a CdS thin‐film transducer is also illustrated.


Editor We read with interest the article by Chen et al that proposes a new term "pigmented carpotarsal hyperkeratosis" for "symmetrical acral keratoderma" or "symmetrical acrokeratoderma (SAK)." Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is the most abundant aquaglyceroporin in human epidermis and regulates skin hydration, keratinocyte migration and proliferation, wound healing and tumorigenesis. Although skin hydration was decreased with incremental transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in SAK, AQP3 expression is unreported in SAK. Using immunohistochemical technique with anti-AQP3 monoclonal antibody (clone EPR19932, ab215853; 1:500 dilution; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), AQP3 protein expression was detected in lesional and perilesional normal-appearing skin on the wrists of 12 SAK patients (10 males and two females; 20.83 7.69 years, range 7–39) and control skin on the forearms of 14 healthy subjects (seven males and seven females; 26.86 5.95 years, range 15– 35). AQP3 expression was assessed by addition of positive percentage of stained cells (<10% = 1; 11–33% = 2; 34–66% = 3; >67% = 4) and staining intensity (weak = 1; moderate = 2; strong = 3) and scored as 1+ (2–3), 2+ (4–5) and 3+ (6–7). Results were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. AQP3 immunostaining was membranous and membranocytoplasmic in the strata basale and spinosum but not in the strata corneum and granulosum in all specimens (Fig. 1). Epidermal AQP3 expression was lower in lesional (Z = 2.684, P = 0.007) and perilesional skin (Z = 2.753, P = 0.006) of SAK compared with control skin, while it was insignificant between lesional and perilesional skin of SAK (Z = 0.528, P = 0.597; Table 1). Although most reports including this report found that AQP3 is expressed only in strata basale and spinosum in human epidermis, it was detected in stratum corneum using minimalinvasive technique. Both water and glycerol permeability are remarkably decreased in the epidermis of AQP3-knockout mice, and glycerol transport impairment mainly contribute to reduced stratum corneum hydration and increased TEWL. AQP3 overexpression contributes to epidermal hyperplasia, barrier disruption and incremental proinflammatory cytokines in atopic dermatitis. However, skin dryness in intrinsic and extrinsic aged skin may be at least in part due to AQP3 downregulation. AQP3 expression and skin hydration were reduced, and TEWL was elevated in lesional and perilesional skin of psoriasis. Similarly, AQP3 expression was decreased in lesional and perilesional skin of SAK, which is coincident with lessened skin hydration and enhancive TEWL in SAK lesion. Furthermore, cytoplasmic and membranous immunostaining of AQP3 was respectively observed in psoriatic and control skin, but this difference of membranocytoplasmic pattern was absent in this study, suggesting that AQP3 transport activity is diverse between both disorders. Our previous study showed keratinocyte hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation in SAK lesion. AQP3 is implicated in keratinocyte migration and proliferation but not differentiation in AQP3 knockout mice and human keratinocytes, and AQP3 overexpression reinforces psoriasiform acanthosis in mouse epidermis. Therefore, it is suggested that AQP3 downexpression might be the resulting of epidermal hyperplasia and abnormal differentiation, rather than the cause in SAK. In conclusion, AQP3 downexpression might play a pivotal role in reduced skin hydration in SAK lesion as it functions as a


A wireless speaker system including one or more self-propelled speaker device is provided. The self-propelled speaker device includes a processing unit, a wireless audio transmitter/receiver unit, a speaker unit, a tracking unit, and an actuator. The wireless audio transmitter/receiver unit is coupled to the processing unit and configured to receive an audio signal via a wireless transmission interface. The speaker unit is coupled to the processing unit and configured to produce sound according to the audio signal. The tracking unit is coupled to the processing unit and configured to track a location of a mobile device. The actuator is coupled to the processing unit. The processing unit controls the actuator according to the location of the mobile device. The actuator drives the self-propelled speaker device to move along with the mobile device.


Throughout its long history, Nokia Corporation has played a substantial role in the Finnish economy and during recent years in the global economy. Its operations have expanded from pulp to paper to energy production, from rubber boots to car tyres, and from electric cables to computers, telephone exchanges and mobile phones. The company has evolved and expanded so quickly that even those who have lived through its development have sometimes had difficulty seeing the big picture. One question more than any other stands out in the Nokia story: what explains the company's ernormous rise to become one of the world's biggest companies in the 1990s? It is the first Finnish company with a name commonly known all over the world, so how did a Finnish company become a world-class enterprise? In January 1997, Nokia's Board of Directors decided to document the company's history and pivotal points of development to try and answer that question. "Nokia: the Inside Story "builds on that exercise, and aims to explain the choices and decisions that have steered Nokia's growth. Drawing on key sources including the minutes, memos and correspondence of Nokia Corp., plus interviews with many of the individuals involved and their personal archives, this honest, reliable account provides unique insight into Nokia's histrory.


This paper contains the complete set of Feynman rules for the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Propagators and vertices are computed in the 't Hooft-Feynman gauge, convenient for perturbative calculations beyond the tree level.


In a manner of speaking this old man is my local counterpart, and the last conversation we had together will stay with me to the end of my days. What he said to me was this: "Toubib, you have often expressed interest in the tools that I use for my work. I am too old now to go on. They will not be used again." I replied: "But what about Abd-el-Salaam, your son?" He said: "Toubib, he will not need them nor does he ask for them. He is going to the agriculture station to learn how to graft fruit trees in the new irrigation. My work is finished, but I am glad that yours has so well begun. . ." And he handed me the curious little iron tweezers I had so often admired on his shelf but had never seen him use.


Studies of forest clear‐felling operations in 1995–97 in the Afon Tanllwyth sub‐catchment of the upper River Severn on Plynlimon, mid‐Wales, by Stott et al. (Journal of Environmental Management (2001), 63, 3), indicated elevated suspended sediment loads (SSLs) immediately following timber harvesting. UK Forestry Commission (1993) Forests and Water Guidelines recommended that riparian buffer zones adjacent to streams were left unplanted. This study 20 years on assessed the SSLs at the same point in the Afon Tanllwyth for 21 months between January 2017 and September 2018. While SSLs reported by Stott et al. (Journal of Environmental Management (2001), 63, 3). increased during and after the clear‐felling operations, by 2017–18 (20 years later) they appear to have recovered to levels similar to those measured pre‐clear‐felling (1995), despite this study taking place only a few months after approximately 3 ha of mature forest was clear‐felled on the north side of the catchment. Although the mean monthly SSL for 2017–18 of 1628 ± 95 kg is slightly lower than the 1,800 ± 176 kg reported for 1995, the difference is not significant. When SSL is corrected for differences in total monthly flow the flow adjusted SSLs are 1,346 ± 132 kg for 1995 and 945 ± 55 kg for 2017–18, thus significantly lower in 2017–18. These new data for 2017–18 indicate that SSLs seem to have recovered to levels significantly below those measured and reported by Stott et al. (Journal of Environmental Management (2001), 63, 3–25) in 1995 pre‐clear‐felling period, likely as a result of the establishment of the 50 m buffer zone.


An exercise was devised for fourth-year medical students to teach the use of diagnostic imaging modalities. A round-table discussion of four to six patient summaries is led by staff radiologists and/or other clinicians. The formation of clear flow-chart plans of work-up with logical decision points is the purpose of the exercise. It appears to be an effective method.


th , 2013; revised: Feb. 9 th , 2013; accepted: Feb. 17 th , 2013 Abstract: Based on the importance and complexity of large-scale railway passenger station operation safety, large-scale railway passenger station operation safety was analyzed by using the Petri net from the perspec- tive human error and equipment failure. Taking the overrunning of signal accident of a railway passenger sta- tion an example, the accident model was built based on Petri net theory, then qualitative and quantitative analysis was made. The results show that Petri net could more clearly and accurately describe the operation accident process of railway passenger station and the calculated results reflect the situation of railway pas- senger station operation safety.


Objective : To detect the levels of mdr-1 gene expreession in fresh untreated hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and to correlated these levels to current prognostic indicators of clinicopathology. Methods: mdr-1 mRNA expression of 26 cases untreated hilar cholangiocarcinoma and 12 cases normal bile duct tissue was examined with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results: mdr-l mRNA Expression in tumor tissue was found in 65.4% (17/26) of patients, whereas, it was seen in normal bile duct 8.3%(1/12) (p0.01). No correlation with differentiation, invasion, metastasis and Nevin stage, clinical type, pathological type(P0.05). Conclusion: Higher expression of mdr-1 mRNA in hilar cholangiocarcinoma and mdr-l might serve as indication for drug resistance in chemotherapy.


The research was conducted to develop a music model based on local wisdom at Cikondang village, Pangalengan, West Java. The research problem was that, along with the changing times, the next generation tended to ignore the values of local wisdom. Therefore, through music learning, the values of art could be understood and actualized in everyday life. Music (nembang and ngabeluk) became a medium to express values in pupuh verses which contained wawacan about the relationship between man and their God, man, and others, and man and their surroundings. The data collection was done using observation, interview, and literature review then analyzed with the music education approach. The obtained results reveal that the learning process of seni beluk in Cikondang Village has taken place in the context of community education which is done informally, and formed naturally. There is no invitation or coercion from the elders to the next generation to learn this art form. Meanwhile, for people from the next generation who has a passion for learning. The learning steps do not only train their techniques, but they also learn about the values ingrained in the pupuh verses.


Clinical decision making for wound management is dependent on the types of patients evaluated in your care settings, the skill sets of the clinicians making the decisions for those patients, the products available to manage the patient, and the documentation platform used to capture the work performed. Essentially, every step along the patient engagement continuum is strategically guided through process. In order to strategically manage your process, workflow analysis is imperative. A workflow is a set of tasks that are completed to accomplish a goal. Your workflow should be defined with chronological processes, depicted typically through the sequential use of forms for documentation within an electronic medical record, and identified by the set of people or other resources available to perform those processes and the interactions among them. Providing this process-driven approach for yourself and to your employees can maximize the department's efficiencies and patient throughput and ensure you have completed the necessary quality and patient safety documentation during the patient's course of care. It is important to analyze workflows at least annually to ensure you are capturing the proper documentation elements in the proper sequence to maximize clinical, operational, and regulatory efficiencies.


The intelligence of the biological agents is enabled by their neural intelligence in their brains, in the meantime, their physical intelligence encoded in the bodies plays a nonnegligible role. The development of intelligent bio-inspired robots depends on an in-depth understanding of physical intelligence, particularly in biomechanics. Here, we briefly review the physical intelligence of biological organisms from three aspects: material, structure, and morphology. We envision that bio-inspired physical intelligence would boost the development of future intelligent lifelike machines.


The kernel values of socialism have manifested profoundly the essence of socialism in the aspect of theoretical characteristics,which has laid foundation inevitably in the value relation for understanding the value nature of kernel values of socialism.The value nature of kernel values of socialism is not only one kind of real subject-object relation but also one kind of education value and public value which has priority selection.


Caprolactam has been polymerised by sodium hydride in the presence of isocyanate terminated polymers. The latter participate in the initiation reaction and allow the preparation of materials where the prepolymer can amount to 50% of the product.

There is evidence that block copolymers are formed, and the properties of polycaprolactam are considerably modified by the use of such activators. Styrene-butadiene or, particularly, caprolactone based isocyanates give materials having properties similar to the harder thermoplastic polyurethanes. The dependence of properties on the nature and amount of the polymeric activators, and the conditions of preparation and processing, have been investigated. Crystalline morphology has also been examined. Tensile strengths of 50 MN/m2 with 550% elongation at break are readily attainable with these materials.

Caprolactam wurde, initiiert durch Natriumhydrid, in Gegenwart von Polymeren mit Isocyanatendgruppen polymerisiert. Die Endgruppen nehmen an der Startreaktion teil und ermoglichen die Herstellung von Materialien, die bis zu 50% des Prepolymeren enthalten.

Dabei entstehen Blockcopolymere; die Eigenschaften von Polycaprolactam werden durch solche polymere Aktivatoren betrachtlich modifiziert. Aus Styrol-Butadien oder besonders aus Caprolacton aufgebaute Isocyanate ergeben Materialien mit ahnlichen Eigenschaften wie die harteren thermoplastischen Polyurethane. Die Abhangigkeit der Eigenschaften von Art und Menge des polymeren Aktivators und von den Herstellungsbe-dingungen wurde untersucht. Ferner wurde die Kristallitmorphologie untersucht. Zugfe-stigkeiten von 50 MN/m2 bei 550% Bruchdehnung werden bei diesen Materialien erreicht.


Equations are derived that describe the conditions at a general idealized revolute joint, with clearance but with no hydrodynamic lubrication present. The equations are governed by three dimensionless parameters that depend on the nominal motion, mass distribution and influence coefficients of the linkage in which the joint appears, as well as the clearance magnitude. A series of numerical solutions of the equations is used to predict the conditions under which contact is lost, leading to impacts. The results are presented in the form of a design chart and the implications are discussed.


By employing implicit function theorem and comparative statistics optimization, this paper presents a mathematical model, which examines how the demand, production and price of seasonal goods behave during periods of peak demand. The model explores that an external factor represent a seasonal cycle, such as temperature level or numbers of holiday days, are positively related to demand of such goods whereas the price of these goods behaves "mildly counter-cyclical" or "sticky" to the extent of perfect competition of the market. As an additional implication of the model, whether the stocking possibilities of these final goods affect on their cyclical pricing behavior is also examined.


This paper reveals the study of sub methods of the phases of SDLC i.e. Software Development Life Cycle. Some methods or sub-practices are always required to execute each and every phase. There is always a need of some procedures, steps, methods and processes to build anything whether it is software or anything. Even a recipe needs a proper steps otherwise it will give a bad taste. An appropriate approach or accurate steps are to be followed always to construct a quality product. Various models, standards and processes have been introduced by ISO, CMMi etc to follow a proper approach to reach the destination. There was a need to find a method which would be suitable for company/organization. As companies have to manage each and everything with the existing resources by keeping in mind the quality and goal of customer. This paper represents the exhaustive study of the sub-methods or sub-practices of SDLC phases as per the process areas of CMMi and a model which shows the best suited combinations of various methods to achieve the desired product as per the requirements and existing resources. This is was the part of process improvement of a software organization "Saber Corp(Made-Up)". This whole paper represents the CDP model which was the output of process improvement process of company Saber Corp.


The formation of alkali-metal ion complexes with the crown ethers,
18-crown-6(18c6), benzo-18c6 and dibenzo-18c6 has been investigated.
Theoretical studies of structural changes on complexation, binding
energies and changes in electron distribution have been carried out
using ab initio quantum theoretical methods. A
complementary study of the NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants
has also been used to obtain information on complexation and
structural changes. The overall views of the structural changes and
their relation to ion selectivity as determined by the theoretical and
NMR investigations are in agreement. In most cases the structural
parameters found bear a close relation to those obtained in
crystallographic work on the complexes, where such results are
available. An attempt has been made to include solvent effects in
aqueous solution by computing the energy of the reaction in which some
water molecules in the coordination shell of the metal ion are
replaced by the crown ether. When this is done, the ion selectivity
sequence predicted from the theoretical work is in conformity with
existing (incomplete) experimental data.