This study aims to (1) find out how the harmonic tradition exists in Buton society, (2) know the tradition forms of Buton society, and (3) know the character values in the tradition of Buton society. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach that describes the process of harmonic tradition implementation in Buton society. The data is obtained through observation, interview, and documentation. The data source consists of 15 people consisting of syara Masjid , customary leaders, and village and community leaders. Data analysis is undertaken by using Miles & Huberman analysis model. The results showed that the implementation of the haroa is a hereditary tradition created by Buton society where the implementation is done from house to house, in the mosque, and in other places mutually agreed. The forms of haroa practice can be classified as follows: (a) haroa for the big days of Islam, such as isra'mi'raj, maulid of the Prophet Mauhammad Saw, Sha'ban, ramadhan , lailatul qadar night, feast of Eid fithri and Eid adha (b) haroa for syukuran / selamatan , (c) haroa for death ( poalona mate ). The character values contained in the tradition of the haroa are religiousity, gratitude, togetherness, love and affection, unity, help, care, deliberation, and tolerance.


UV. -irradiation of the 11-oxo-δ14-5α-pregnene derivate 16 gives rise to a novel photochemical reaction. The preferential attack of the photochemically excited carbonyl on CH-8 furnishes the tertiary cyclopropanol compound 18 in high yield.


This work presents the use of Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (ABC) for curve reconstruction using Quartic Bézier. Quartic Bézier curve is rarely used by the researchers in the application of medical images. Therefore, by increasing the degree of the Bézier curve, a better curve with small error can be obtain. The process of curve reconstruction involved was boundary and corner point detection of the medical image, parameterization and curve reconstruction by using ABC. By applying these processes, the fitted Quartic Bézier is obtained. The Sum Square Error (SSE) is used to record the error between the fitted Quartic Bézier curve with the original image. The results of SSE is recorded after the process is repeated 10 times with the average error of 03 3.4463 e . Because the final output of the fitted curve resembles the original image, the suggested method can be considered as an option method for curve reconstruction applications. ABC algorithm is an interesting algorithm that can be explored in more detail and can be applied in various problems.


The original observations of Powell (1938, 1939, 1941) that, for lactating cows, diets containing only a small amount of roughage, or usual amounts of roughage offered in a finely ground form, are frequently associated with an unusually low content of fat in the milk have been fully confirmed (see Van Soest (1963) for a comprehensive review). Information on the associated changes in the composition of the milk fat is, however, incomplete. The few studies in which changes in the fatty acid composition have been measured by chromatographic techniques (Smith & Ronning, 1961 ; Brown, Stull & Stott, 1962; King & Hemken, 1962; Palmquist, Smith & Ronning, 1964) agree generally in showing an increase in the proportion of unsaturated acids when diets contain little roughage, but the reported effects on the other acids are inconsistent and in much of the work all the acids were not investigated. There is also still much uncertainty as to the cause of the fall in milk fat content (Van Soest, 1963; Rook & Storry, 1964). The experiments now described were therefore done to obtain additional information on the effect of a diet low in hay and high in flaked maize on the secretion in milk of the component fatty acids of milk fat and on the concentrations in blood plasma of several constituents that are possibly of importance in milk fat synthesis.


The purpose of this study was to compare shared frailty model, joint frailty model and joint nested frailty model in terms of model fitting and prediction accuracy, as applied to Lynch Syndrome family data. The specific question we wanted to address was how the intervals between screening visits affect the risk of developing colorectal cancer among Lynch Syndrome family members. We also addressed questions on how the screening process has an effect on mortality and risks of developing different stages of colorectal cancer. Results from the models show that joint nested frailty model is preferable. This model improves the prediction accuracy by jointly modeling recurrent screenings and terminal event at the same time accounts for both individual and familial correlation.


This chapter is concerned with a set of scholarly practices which were fundamental to late Renaissance and early Enlightenment education and thought. They went by the names of criticism, or the ars critica , philology, literae humaniores , and grammar. The author offers notes towards a prehistory of the appeal to impartiality as an ideal within the philological arts, starting with the most important debate about the status of criticism in seventeenth-century England. This was the debate over the scholar and lawyer John Selden Historie of Tithes , whose title page proclaimed its impartiality; 'We are not moved by party prejudice, but have taken up arms against your counsels, deceitful Sloth'. Selden's Historie of Tithes was published in 1618, having circulated beforehand in manuscript. For Selden, the task of philology was to provide greater precision, bringing glosses and parallels to bear in order to make the singularity of each example apparent. Keywords: ars critica ; Historie of Tithes ; impartiality; John Selden; literae humaniores ; Renaissance


In this paper we compute the main parameters (length, dimension, minimum distance) of the evaluation codes arising from the toric set associated to the incidence matrix of a weighted complete bipartite graph when we assign the same weight to every edge of the graph.


This chapter deals with various photoreactive coordination polymers (CPs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that undergo [2+2] cycloaddition reactions in the solid state, solid-state structural transformations, post-synthetic modification of surfaces creating reactive sites, radicals that are not possible by conventional synthetic routes, polymerization on the surfaces, cis-trans isomerization of the guest molecules in the cavities as well as the dynamic behavior of the CP and MOF structures. Further the formation of these compounds by photochemical methods is also discussed. The three-dimensional (3D) structural characterization of the products of a number of photochemical and photo-polymerization reactions were hampered by the lack of a suitable structural tool other than single crystal X-ray crystallography. On the other hand, most of the examples discussed in this chapter do maintain single crystals at the end of the reactions such that 3D structural elucidation is possible by single crystal X-ray crystallography to understand the reactivity completely. A few examples have been illustrated where [2+2] cycloaddition reaction has been used to monitor the formation of ladder structures in the solid state in the absence of crystal structures.

Keywords:

cycloaddition;
C=C bonds;
coordination polymers (CPs);
cyclobutane derivatives;
ladder structures;
photodimerization;
photochemical reactions;
photoreactivity;
solid-state reactions;
structural transformations;
thermal cleavage;
UV irradiation


Side-scan sonar is now a sophisticated tool providing high-quality data on the ocean floor. In its early days, however, it gave discouraging results, and for many years it seemed as if it would never provide useful geological information at all.


The invention discloses a method for the one-stage extraction, distillation and separation of carbon 5 (C5) fractions by using the reactive distillation NMP method. The method comprises the following steps of: light components removal, heavy components removal, extractive distillation, gas stripping and purification, wherein in the step of light components removal, most alkynes are removed from atower top through isopentane; in the step of extractive distillation, the mixed solvents of the NMP and salt solution serve as an extracting agent; and in the steps of light components removal and heavy components removal, the process of reactive distillation is used. The method has the advantages of improving the extracting agents and the selectivity of the extracting agents; saving a two-stage extractive distillation unit, and reducing the using amount and regeneration amount of the solvents, thereby reducing the operation fee.


vital to solving system constraints, their efficiency can be limited unless they are targeted to address key constraints and to contribute to overall household production objectives. Contrasting production systems demand different technological innovations and entry points to bring immediate change before targeting complex natural resource management issues. Diversity in production Training Course on System Optimization Based on Demand, Markets and the Resource Base December 2005 • No. T1 • African Highlands Initiative • Empowering Communities to Regenerate Livelihoods and Landscapes


It was Nicola Grist (Nicky) who introduced the author to Ladakh; her untimely death prompted the author to visit Leh and Kargil, and speak in her honour at the 12th Colloquium of the International Association for Ladakhi Studies. This chapter is based on that presentation. Nicky?s passion about the history of Ladakh, its position within the broader Himalayan region and processes of incorporation within the nation state, was equally a passion about the situation today and, in particular, relations of inequality. When Nicky first visited Suru valley in the early 1980s, she found that the yokmapa were still associated with millenarian, apparently other-worldly, activity anticipating the coming mahdi . Nicky was endlessly fascinated by kinship as a form of history about locality, land and labour. Nicky?s vision of Ladakh included Muslims as well as Buddhists, women as well as men, children as well as adults, Kargil as well as Leh. Keywords: Buddhists; Kargil; Ladakh; Leh; Nicola Grist; Suru valley; yokmapa


The first deep catalog of the H I Parkes All Sky Survey (HIPASS) is presented, covering the south celestial cap (SCC) region. The SCC area is ∼2400 deg2 and covers δ < -62°. The average rms noise for the survey is 13 mJy beam-1. Five hundred thirty-six galaxies have been cataloged according to their neutral hydrogen content, including 114 galaxies that have no previous cataloged optical counterpart. This is the largest sample of galaxies from a blind H I survey to date. Most galaxies in optically unobscured regions of sky have a visible optical counterpart; however, there is a small population of low-velocity H I clouds without visible optical counterparts whose origins and significance are unclear. The rms accuracy of the HIPASS positions is found to be 1.′9. The H I mass range of galaxies detected is from ∼106 to ∼1011 M⊙. There are a large number of late-type spiral galaxies in the SCC sample (66%), compared with 30% for optically selected galaxies from the same region in the NASA Extragalactic Database. The average ratio of H I mass to B luminosity of the sample increases according to optical type, from 1.8 M⊙/L⊙ for early types to 3.2 M⊙/L⊙ for late-type galaxies. The H I–detected galaxies tend to follow the large-scale structure traced by galaxies found in optical surveys. From the number of galaxies detected in this region of sky, we predict the full HIPASS catalog will contain ∼5000 galaxies, to a peak flux density limit of ∼39 mJy (3 σ), although this may be a conservative estimate as two large voids are present in the region. The H I mass function for this catalog is presented in a subsequent paper.


We measured the thermal expansion and magnetostriction of PrB 6 under the longitudinal magnetic fields up to 15 T for three magnetic field directions. We found the following results in the IC1 and IC2 phases for H ∥ . The magnetostriction shows only a small magnetic field dependence in the IC1 phase but exhibits a large shrinkage with increasing magnetic field roughly proportional to - H 2 in the IC2 phase. The thermal expansion exhibits a small change in the IC1 phase but a large increase in the IC2 phase with decreasing temperature. These different behaviors between the IC1 and IC2 phases originate from the existence of both χ || and χ ⊥ components exist in the IC1 phase and only the χ ⊥ component in the IC2 phase. The characteristic magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of the experimental results are reproduced by the simple calculation for the two sublattice model, although this model does not represent the incommensurate magnetic strucutres of PrB 6 . The important point is the weight of χ || a...


There are little evidences for relationships between brand image and customer satisfaction. Therefore, this study attempts to know about the relationship between brand image and customer satisfaction. This study considered a sample size of 200 respondents. Results of correlation revealed that relationship between brand image and customer satisfaction is analysed using correlation analysis. Results of the correlation (0.865) indicate that there is strong correlation between brand image and customer satisfaction. Results of the hypothesis indicated that there is relationship brand image and customer satisfaction. In terms of the results of an overall regression, Values of R square and adjusted R square in model summary table are 0.746 and 0747 respectively. It means that brand image explains about 75% of variation on customer satisfaction. F statistics in analysis of variance table is significant. In terms of the results of an individual regression, values of R square and adjusted R square. In terms of the values of R square and adjusted R square, brand image that is comprised of brand association, customer experience and advertising & marketing explain around 73% of variation on customer satisfaction. Value of SS regression, SS residual and SS total are 4399.754, 1658.601 and 6058.355 respectively. MS regression and MS residual are 1466.585 and 8.462 respectively. F statistics (173.309) is significant. In terms of the coefficient table, unstandardised beta coefficients for constant is 7.885 and those of brand association, customer experience and advertising & marketing are .841, 1.161 and .602 respectively.


Flexible wireless communication systems capable to operate within multistandard, multimode, and multiservice environments, achieved through software reconfigurability, form another revolution in wireless communications. Adaptive spectrum management, quality of service on demand, smart management of hardware resources, and reduction in the cost of wireless services are examples of this, new emerging technology's benefits, so called software defined radio (or software radio SR). Evaluation and experimentation platforms are fundamental tool at research and development stages, described in this paper. We demonstrate the architecture and specifications of several such platforms used for developing SRs then we conclude with an outlook of SR research experimentation trends.


Background:
 Accelerated telomere shortening is a hallmark of cellular senescence and has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Oxidative stress has been proposed as a cause of telomere damage. We explored the association between vascular redox state and telomere length in patients with advanced atherosclerosis.

 Methods:
 We recruited xx patients undergoing bypass surgery. Saphenous vein (SV) samples were used to measure superoxide (O2-) generation using lucigenin chemiluminescence (+NADPH 100 uM to estimate NADPH-oxidase activity). DNA was extracted from whole-blood and SV samples and used to measure relative telomere length (TL) using qPCR (which determines T/S ratio using albumin as a single-copy gene). DNA was also used to genotype for two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs rs4673 and rs1049255) in the CYBA locus, which encodes for the p22phox membrane subunit of NADPH-oxidase and is associated with activity of the enzyme.

 Results:
 Shorter vascular TL was associated with increased NADPH-stimulated O2- generation in SV tissue (A). The additive effect of the rs4673C and rs1049255G alleles was linked to increased vascular NADPH-oxidase activity (B). In addition, the same combination of SNP alleles was linked to reduced T/S ratio in whole blood DNA (C), suggesting a causal association between high oxidative stress and accelerated telomere shortening.

 Conclusions:
 We demonstrate for the first time in humans that genetically determined high NADPH-oxidase activity could be causally linked to reduced TL in vascular and blood cells. These novel findings highlight the importance of oxidative stress on cellular senescence and provide an important link between aging and cardiovascular disease.


Emily Bronte was born in a pastor's family.Either her poems or her novel are rich in religious colors.However,it's hard to identify her religion for critics.Someone labeled her as a pantheist,some a pagan,even an atheist.Undoubtedly,the Bronte sisters shared the same religious education,but Emily's religion is so different from Charlotte's or Anne's.The paper here tries to discuss Emily's religion from two aspects: contemporary religious climate and the family religious environment,what's more,the paper tries to emphasis Methodism's influence on Emily's religious establishment.


The year 2009 approaches the twentieth anniversary of the birth of sexual predator legislation, a family of laws aimed at controlling sexual violence through "regulatory" schemes of prevention - schemes that claim exemption from the constraints surrounding the normal "charge and conviction" paradigm of the criminal justice system. This same two-decade time span has witnessed the most energetic, sweeping legislative agenda on sexual offenders in memory.This brief Article identifies the broad arc of these developments, tracing key legal issues, as well as the ways in which the existence of this new legal approach has shaped both other areas of the law and the behavioral sciences.


Oxidative stress induced loss of neuronal function with age is related to disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB)integrity. The protective effect of Bacopa monnieri in combating oxidative stress induced dysfunction of BBB is being studied. We extracted, isolated and quantified bacoside A from bacopa leaf powder. An invivo trial was conducted in rats, which were treated with two doses of Bacoside A (200 and 400 mg/kg BW), through intra-peritoneal route for 7 consecutive days and the efficacy of the treatment was tested by studying the integrity of BBB using Evan's Blue (EB) dye extravasation, antioxidant enzyme activity and Lipid peroxidation and expression of tight junction (TJ) protein occludin and ROS induced factor Nrf2in the brain. Bacoside A treatment for 7 days resulted in a dose dependent significant (p<0.001) decrease in concentration of EB into the brain indicative of minimum disruption in BBB integrity compared to control rats. Similarly, bacoside A significantly (p<0.001) increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes viz. SOD, catalyse and GPx, with a concomitant significant (p<0.001) decrease in lipid peroxidation in brain. Further, a small dose depended increase in the relative mRNA expression of occludin and Nrf2 was observed in brain of rats treated with bacoside A. Hence, it is concluded that the beneficial effect of Bacoside A in restoring integrity of BBB could be associated with the increased expression TJ protein occludin and ROS induced transporter Nrf2 that might have strengthened the TJ and minimized ROS induced damage of the BBB.


IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS., vol.30, no.1, January 1994, NEW YORK USpages 167 169 J.P.PINTO ET AL. 'SUPPRESSION OF SPIKING BEHAVIOR IN FLASHPUMPED 2-um LASERS' SOVIET JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, vol.16, no.8, August 1986, NEW YORK US pages 1146-1147 V.KH.BAG DASAROV ET AL. 'PULSE-PERIODIC YAG:Nd LASER EMITTING VARIABLE-DURATION (0.2-1 0msec) PULSES' OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY, vol.26, no.1, February 1994, HAYWARDS HEATH GB pages 39 43 Y.LUTZ ET AL. 'OPTIMIZATION OF THE EXCITATION CHARACTERISTICS OF A FLASHLAMP-PUMPED TITANIUM SAPPHIRE LASER' SOVIET JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, vol.17, no.3, March 1987, NEW YORK US pages 358 361 N.V.DANIL CHUK ET AL. 'INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF LUMINESCENCE OPTICAL FILTERS MADE OF ACTIVATED QUARTZ GLASS IN NEODYMIUM LASER APPLICATION'


Tetrabutylphosphonium intercalated montmorillonite (P-MMT) was dispersed in toluene using sonication technique and a PMMA/toluene solution. The PMMA/P-MMT nano-suspension was then casted as a composite film on a glass plate, using spin coating technique with a rotation of 180 rpm. The composite films were characterized by various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry thermo-gravimetric analysis, etc. The montmorillonite interlayer distance, estimated XRD results, was found to be equal to 1.6 nm. The PMMA/3 wt%P-MMT nano-composite film was found to completely decomposed at the temperature Td (PMMA/3 wt%P-MMT) = 370°C which is slightly higher than that of the neat PMMA, i.e. 365°C. It was also found that both plots of ϵ′r and ϵ″r versus frequency display equivalent behaviour. The optical absorption spectra show a rather large domain of transparency between 300 and 2700 nm, with a rather structured absorption band between 1700 and 2700 nm. Dielectric constant ranges near 1 to 3, depending on the frequency. This is very important for some electronic application, as underlined by former Authors.


Theodore Dreiser is regarded as guide and pioneer of American naturalism. In his works he portrayed the American society scientifically and truthfully. He also described the insignificance and helplessness of man in face of the forces of environment and social pressure during the process of urbanization. In SISTER CARRIE, he adopted symbolism of the rocking chair so successfully that the characters were vividly portrayed and uncovered the theme of the novel clear, the happiness Carrie and Hurstwood pursuing could only be dreams in rocking chair.


In this paper, we use a time series of coarse spatial resolution remote sensing data to examine the interannual variability of vegetation biomass and soil moisture over the Amazonian Cerrado.


IT CONTAINS UNDER THE CONTROL OF A COMPUTER 20 CHAIN 16 TREATMENT OF OBJECTS, CHAIN 17 ACQUISITION OF THEIR IMAGE CHAIN SYMBOLIZATION 18 AND CHAIN FORMALIZATION 19 OF OBJECTS, WAY TO IDENTIFY THE RECOGNITION OF hARMONIC FORM.


This paper has organized and summarized the economic analysis on climate change from five angles,namely,connotation of discount rate,identification of and dispute about discount rate,discounting way,impact of the discount rate,and the integrated evaluation model of climate change impact and the discount evaluation.As the climate change economic analysis shows,there is a major dispute about discount rate between the market school and the ethic school.Rate of discount largely relates to the present value of potential loss attributable to climate change,and then influences the selection of policies for adapting and slowing down climate change.In the past,the constant index discount was adopted as the main way.But with the full understanding of discount rate,the uncertainty of loss attributable to climate change has been considered in the discount.


Levels of damage caused by Comstock mealybug were estimated and compared to costs of an eradication and biological control program in California. Damage to apple, peach, and lemon was considered. Results of analysis indicate substantial short- and long-term financial benefits were gained from research investments in a biological control program. Results of the analysis show that the successful use of biological control was also an economic success.


In the monomeric form, the title systems assume unexpected optical properties, and as oligomers they can serve as candidates for molecular devices. In bulk they are attractive in the area of material science. A broad set of quantum chemical methods ranging from density functional theory by the Hartree–Fock method and the Moller–Plesset perturbation theory to the coupled-cluster method, in connection with nonrelativistic Dunning's basis sets as well as with relativistic SDD basis sets were used. Electronic spectra were analyzed by means of time-dependent DFT, with the symmetry-adapted cluster configuration interaction and with the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction. The Douglas–Kroll–Hess quasirelativistic Hamiltonian served as a basis for the estimation of the role of relativistic effects. All the diatomics representing 25 elements of a matrix formed by the combination of group IIa (Be, ..., Ba) with group VIa (O, ..., Po) atoms were characterized by calculated bond length, valence vibration, dipole moment, and the Hartree–Fock frontier orbital energies. Calculated characteristics were confronted with experimental data. The geometry of the oligomers (from dimers through hexamers) was investigated systematically, and the nature of the located stationary points on the respective potential energy surfaces was established. Special attention was paid to the four lightest elements of the group IIa–VIa matrix, i.e. BeO, BeS, MgO, and MgS. As for electronic spectra, the systems of the first column (BeO, ..., BaO), the first row (BeO, ..., BePo), and the systems of the main diagonal (BeO, ..., BaPo) were calculated in the form of monomers and dimers. Analogous calculations were performed for a few group Ia–VIIa, IIIa–Va, IVa–IVa, and IIb–VIa systems. The group IIa–VIa and IIb–VIa diatomics exhibit electronic transitions in the visible region of the spectrum, and the longest wavelength bands are located in the near-infrared region. MgO represents an extreme with the first band appearing at about 3500 cm–1, which strictly speaking makes the use of the Born–Oppenheimer approximation questionable. Whenever experimental transitions are available, the agreement between the calculated and observed band positions is good. Passing from monomers to oligomers is always associated with a significant hypsochromic shift in the first transition.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)


Abstract We show that there exist infinitely many knots of every fixed genus
$g\geq 2$
 which do not admit surgery to an L-space, despite resembling algebraic knots and L-space knots in general: they are algebraically concordant to the torus knot T(2, 2g + 1) of the same genus and they are fibred and strongly quasipositive.


SUMMARY This paper analyses accountability and partnership in Initial Teacher Education for the primary school sector in Northern Ireland. In considering teacher education, the paper focuses on three higher education institutions: Stranmillis University College, St Mary's University College and the University of Ulster. Of the three institutions, the Roman Catholic Church maintains St Mary's University College while the other institutions have no religious affiliations. The paper focuses on the reform of teacher education within the British Isles and sets Northern Ireland into a context of a system of teacher education which has developed new patterns of accountability. Three sources of evidence are used to analyse accountability; firstly the perception of schools that are partners in Initial Teacher Education; secondly, the views of the Education and Training Inspectorate who are responsible for accrediting teacher education in Northern Ireland; and thirdly, the views of the three university schools of education. The paper will demonstrate how teacher education in Northern Ireland is simultaneously similar to, and different from, teacher education in the rest of the developed world. It will illuminate the dimensions of accountability in the primary school sector and show how in Northern Ireland this is heavily segregated by religious denomination.


Laser beam propagation in maritime environment is particularly challenging, not only for scattering and absorption due to high humidity, but also for a different behavior of atmospheric turbulence with respect to terrestrial propagation. Recently, a new power spectrum for the fluctuations of the refractive index in the Earth's atmosphere has been introduced to describe maritime atmospheric turbulence. This maritime power spectral model shows a characteristic bump, similar to Hill's bump, that appears when the product between the wavenumber and the inner scale is around unity, κ • l0 ~1. In this paper, under weak turbulence conditions, we use the mentioned maritime power spectrum to analyze long term beam spread, beam wander and Strehl ratio of a Gaussian beam wave propagating through maritime atmospheric turbulence.


Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cultivar Longstanding Bloomsdale) grown at 20 °C was subjected to a range of rapid thermal shifts as high as 42 °C. There was a decrease in the level of protein synthe...


Background and objectives Tuberculosis and COPD are common diseases in developing countries, sharing risk factors like smoking and low socio-economic status but little is known about the specific relationship between tuberculosis and COPD. Methods Retrospective analysis was done. All COPD patients with either fibrotic and proliferative tubercular changes in chest imaging or none of the features of tuberculosis (in chest imaging, sputum test, skin test or history) admitted in Sun Yat- Sen Memorial Hospital, China from the year 2007 to 2010 were taken for the study. Clinical features along with post– bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<70% were used as a basis for the diagnosis of COPD. Results Among 84 COPD patients with fibrotic and proliferative tuberculosis changes in chest imaging, 20 of them had bullae or blebs in their radiologic examination whereas only 11 of 105 non-tuberculosis COPD cases had those features, Pearson Chi Square value=6.05, p=0.014. COPD patients with fibrotic and proliferative tuberculosis changes had lower blood iron, transferrin, albumin but higher high sensitive CRP (hsCRP) (p=0.010, 0.003, 0.010 and 0.032 respectively) compared to non-tuberculosis COPD cases. Conclusions Fibrotic and proliferative tuberculosis changes in COPD results in greater inflammation and damage to lung tissue (determined by increase bullae formation, higher hsCRP level) with decrease in basic nutritional elements. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.10053 Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.3(1) 2014; 40-44


Variables and expressions serve as bridges where students cross from arithmetic to algebra. Although variables and expressions are important concepts in middle school and high school mathematics, they are topics that many students find challenging, and many, in fact, do not develop a thorough understanding of these topics. This study aims to explore the epistemological obstacles students face in understanding and interpreting the concepts of variables and expressions. Based on these objectives, a qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach was chosen to achieve this research objective. The subjects in this study were 8th grade middle school students in the city of Medan, Indonesia. Tests and interviews were used to collect data. The data obtained were analyzed using an inductive approach. The data obtained are presented in narrative and graphical forms. Based on the research results obtained, six types of student errors in solving problems related to the concept of variables and expressions were identified. Overall, students' limitations in understanding and interpreting variables as something unknown is one of the triggers for epistemological obstacles. Teachers should give chances for pupils to debate and explain variables and expressions in the classroom to assist students gain a comprehensive knowledge of these mathematical tools.


We model a cellular network as a more general multiple service, multiple resource system. We define the "state" of the system as the number of calls currently carried in each cell. We restrict ourselves to channel allocation policies that place restrictions on the global state of the system, are allowed immediate global channel reallocation, and ignore handoffs. Maximum packing and fixed allocation are considered as special cases of such policies. Under uniform load conditions, we prove that throughput is increasing and concave with respect to increases in load or capacity, under maximum packing or fixed allocation. We propose that the optimal policy, in the considered class, varies from maximum packing at low loads to fixed allocation at high loads. This policy is often impractical to implement, but can be considered as a performance bound on practical systems. The analytical results are investigated numerically using a simple seven cell linear network. >


and non-smokers; (3) Explore how support in situations of risk for relapse can be incorporated into digital (just-in-time) smoking relapse prevention


Green pesticides are one of the focuses to solve environmental problems caused by the intensive use of synthetic chemical pesticides. The aim of the present study is to investigates the toxicity of acetone, n-hexane, and methanol extract of Momordica charantia (L.) leaf to adult and egg stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) at 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25% concentrations. Repellent effect of the leaf extracts to adults was also tested at the same concentrations. Adult mortality was monitored after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h from exposure to the leaf extracts. Adult emergence from pre- and post-oviposition treated seeds was used as index of ovicidal activity of the tested extracts. The obtained data indicated that all extracts significantly (P methanol >acetone. Regarding post-oviposition treated experiment, n-hexane extract caused complete inhibition of adult emergence at all concentrations while methanol and acetone extracts caused 100% inhibition of adult emergence at 15-25% concentrations. On the other hand, all extract-treated cowpea seeds in repellent tests revealed complete repellent effect against the insects. The efficacy of extracts of M. charantia in this study indicated that the plant contained some active components against the tested insect.


This course introduces computational methods in human--computer interaction. Computational interaction methods use computational thinking---abstraction, automation, and analysis---to explain and enhance interaction. This course introduces the theory of practice of computational interaction by teaching Bayesian methods for interaction across four wide areas of interest when designing computationally-driven user interfaces: decoding, adaptation, learning and optimization. The lectures center on hands-on Python programming interleaved with theory and practical examples grounded in problems of wide interest in human-computer interaction.


This research aims to describe academic self-management strategies by theoutstanding students on Buddha Religion Education Studies Program in STABN Sriwijaya.The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with case study approach. Datacollection techniques are used: observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysistechniques using Miles and Huberman interactive models. The validity test of the data usingthe credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The result of this research,are: (1) academic self-management strategies which can be devided into three parts, namely:(a) motivation, where the main motivation of most students relates to parents, such asremembering the struggle, want to make happy, easing the burden, maintaining trust, andcontinuing the work of the parents; (b) student's self-adjustment on: time, learning, physicaland social environment, and discipline; (c) learning, such as: the use of learning resources;follow the lectures; learning outside the classroom; and preparation for UTS/UAS/quiz;and (1) the difficulties or constraints faced by the students come from within the student, inthe case of: planning, discipline, physical health, emotional management, knowledge, socialinteraction, and preparation for examination; and difficulties that come from outside thestudent's self, in the case of: physical environment, lectures in class, social interaction, facingexaminations, and the number of activities to be followed.


PASTE is a network stack architecture that enables handling high I/O rates and efficient persistent memory integration. FreeBSD implementation of PASTE is an extension to netmap(4) in two ways. First, it integrates netmap(4) with the feature-rich kernel TCP/IP implementation. The netmap API enables a fast datapath that batches system calls and NIC I/O operations, and the use of the kernel TCP/IP implementation allows applications to use familiar socket APIs for control. Second, PASTE provides applications abstractions where they can move data between networks and persistent memory without data copy. This is an important property to efficiently support persistent memory which is two-three orders of magnitude faster than solid-state or spinning disks.


Summary

The phenomenon of pullulation of weevils in grain masses has heen examined under several controlled conditions and the results subjected to statistical analysis. The conditions employed were (i) absence of light and mechanical disturbance, (ii) light stimulation and mechanical disturbance applied together, (iii) light alone, and (iv) mechanical disturbance alone,

1
Without the application of a stimulus weevils move through the grain, the males accumulating in the surface layers in numbers greater than can be accounted for by an even distribution through the grain. Females, on the other hand, accumulate in smaller numbers in the surface layers and, therefore, may be said to show some avoidance of these regions.

2
When stimulated, either by light alone or by mechanical disturbance alone, or by both these means together, the movements of both sexes are greatly increased and are significantly in excess of those observed during quiescence.

3
Generally it is found that females need the application of some stimulus to evoke activity of an order similar to that shown by males. The greater initial pullulation of males in quiescence is not increased by stimulation in the same degree as is shown by females.

4
Females are particularly responsive to light stimulation and exhibit a response from light stimulation alone approximately equal to that resulting from both mechanical and light stimulation when appued together. Their response to mechanical stimulation alone is definite, though less in extent, than that arising from light.

Males, on the other hand, show that the effects of the two stimuli are approximately additive, the effect of light alone, and of mechanical disturbance alone being together about equal to the effects of these two stimuli when applied together.

5
There is some evidence that females tend to respond to a longer succession of repeated stimuli than do males.

6
It is suggested that some of these differences between the sexes may have resulted from the complete segregation of the sexes imposed in these experiments, and that had experiments been conducted on mixed sexes the differences in male and female activity might not have been so marked.


Through a pedagogical and autonomous political process, the Zapatistas not only counteract the counterinsurgency war Mexican Government, since 1994, but also promote the sociocultural reproduction and change of the new generations, configuring the socio-educational practices of children. This article reviews the processes of socialization and subjectivation of children under 6 years of age, as well as the intersubjective relationships that they establish with their elders. The youngest children teach us with their words, games and attitudes what it means to be a Zapatista, to live in resistance in the face of war, contradicting the hegemonic paradigm about early childhood.


The contemporary development of international audit regulation is connected to the growing significance of international investors who demand financial reports that are prepared and audited in accordance with globally accepted international standards. International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) are set by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), an independent standard-setting board working within the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) and subject to public oversight by international regulators. ISAs have been adopted in more than 100 countries, but their practical impact depends centrally on how they are implemented and enforced. In recent years, there has been a greater emphasis on such issues.


The present study investigated the preattentive perception of speech prosody changes in lexical tone as revealed by the low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). The mismatch negativity (MMN), elicited by consonant-vowel (CV) syllable change of both native and non-native speech sound contrasts in tonal languages was assessed by measuring the electric sources of MMN in both hemispheres. Our results suggest that the left hemisphere was predominant in the perception of native speech sounds, whereas the non-native speech sound was dominated by the right hemisphere, which may be explained by the specialization in processing the prosodic and emotional components of speech formed in this hemisphere.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture combined with constraint-induced movement therapy for upper extremity motor function disorder in stroke patients. Methods 100 patients with upper extremity motor function disorder caused by stoke admitted to this hospital from November 2013 and December 2014 were included and randomly divided into two groups. The control group adopted constraint-induced movement therapy, while the treatment group underwent acupuncture combined with constraint-induced movement therapy. The treatment efficacy was compared between the two groups. Results The total treatment efficacy was 86.00% in the treatment group and 52.00% in the control group, while the nerve function impairment scores was(8.33±4.11)points in the treatment group and(14.78 ± 5.55) points in the control group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups, P0.05. Conclusion The efficacy of acupuncture combined with constraint-induced movement therapy for upper extremity motor function disorder in stroke patients is remarkable.


e13680 Background: Telemedicine (TM) is the practice of medicine using technology to deliver care to patients at their locations. One of the major difficulties that cancer patients in Syria face is the ability to frequently visit Albairouni University Cancer Center (ABUH) in Damascus. The travel-related barriers to reach ABUH have increased due to the war, unsafe road, shortage of fuel, and high travel costs. Moreover, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country, healthcare providers reduced unnecessary visits. Here, we present an initiative illustrating our Syrian experience of TM in cancer care. Methods: The initiative began on 2 January 2021 to serve cancer patients near to Salamyieh (a rural area, 3-hour drive to ABUH). We satellite a clinic located near to patients' homes, and we provide it with the necessary telecommunication infrastructure to virtually contact me at ABUH. The team, consisting of physicians and volunteers, meet patients and help me gather the history, symptoms and all relevant documents to set up and complete the care plan. Patients who need to receive treatment present to ABUH where the cancer therapies are completely free of charge. The whole services of this initiative are free including the E-consults, follow-ups, and auto transportation back and forth to ABUH. The volunteers accompany and help patients in their trips to AHBU, as many of them lost their beloved caregivers due to the war. Results: Throughout the last 2 years, we served 500 new patients. The numbers of E-consults were 920 and 800 in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Few patients were uncomfortable with it due to the lack of in-person interaction. Thus, it was a challenge to build connection and trust with patients virtually. Conclusions: Collectively, despite of the limited resources, TM initiatives have a lot to offer for patients with cancer and present a great solution to follow up with them. This experience shows that TM works especially in low-income countries, during the pandemic, and in a war-affected setting, all of which are associated with poor socioeconomic status and insecurity.


Abstract This objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) station was developed to evaluate the motivational interviewing and counseling skills of medical students at the end of the third year...


Objective
To assess the relationship between the location, quantity and leukodystrophy of cerebral infarction and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), and to compare the differences of the severity and domains of cognitive impairment among the different types of cerebral infarction, which will provide the pathophysiological evidence to the mechanism for the development of VCI.

Method
The patients suffering from cerebral infarction or leukodystrophy were recruited from either the ward or clinic in Tianjin General Hospital from April 2009 to April 2010, then assessed the cognition, and classified into different groups according to the location, size, quantity, whether or not they have leukodystrophy and the severity. The Logistic regression analysis was taken with whether or not the patients have had developed to the VCI as the dependent variable, and with the location, size, quantity, whether or not they have leukodystrophy and the severity as the independent variables. The differences of the score of NIHSS, Bathel index and the level of cognitive impairment were compared among patients with different types of lesions. Moreover, the difference of the score of MoCA for each cognitive domain were compared among patients with different types of lesions.

Results
There was a relationship between key position infarction in the subcortex and white leukodystrophy with VCI. The position infarction in the subcortex and white leukodystrophy (gradeⅡand Ⅲ) might be the independent risk factors for the VCI(OR=1.752,2.135,3.753; 95%CI 1.533—3.821, 1.541—6.787, 1.432—6.821, all P<0.05). There were significant differences in the domains of excusive ability, attention, calculation, fluent language and orientation. The average scores of the domain of excusive ability in the subcortical group (3.40±1.90) and the mix group (3.83±1.27) were significantly lower than the cortical disease group(4.28±0.89, t=0.050, 0.857, both P<0.05). The average scores of the domains of attention, calculation, fluent and orientation in the mix group were significantly lower than the subcortical group and cortical disease group.

Conclusions
There is a significant association of the key infarction in the subcortex and leukodystrophy with VCI. The patients with both the subcortex infarction and leukodystrophy are susceptible to VCI. The development of VCI is depended on the position of infarction instead of the quantity and size of infarction. The development of VCI is not only related to the white matter disease but also related to the severity of the leukodystrophy. The data highlights the need to small vessel disease. The patients with subcortical lesions mainly impair the executive ability. The patients with mix lesions may have more extensive domains and more severe cognitive impairment.

Key words:
Cognition disorders; Brain infarction; Dementia;  vascular; Cerebrovascular disorders


Mediation is one of the different forms of ADR that is alternative dispute resolution. It is a consensual form of dispute resolution mechanism which generally falls outside the purview of the judicial dispute resolution system. It is generally employed only in settling the disputes which are private in nature. The paper is aimed to look firstly at the question that can the mediation as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism be successfully employed in resolving the disputes concerning environment and secondly if the answer to this question is in affirmative then what are the limitations on its use as an alternative environmental dispute resolution mechanism. Thirdly what are the advantages and possible disadvantages of resorting to mediation as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism in environmental cases?


The study of the shielding materials used in shipbuilding is an important element both for the protection of electronic systems onboard ships and of the crew against electromagnetic disturbances. By its approach, this paper has as a starting point, a brief presentation of the calculation method for determining the attenuation expression, by reflection and absorption, known as the impedance method, for a common frequency range between 50 Hz and 20 GHz. for both civilian and military vessels. Also, some aspects of the shielding of the near fields (at low frequencies) and of the far-field (at high frequencies) are analyzed. Based on the theoretical study and some of the magnetic and non-magnetic materials properties, several solutions have been proposed in order to reduce the effects of these types of electromagnetic fields.


This paper deals with the improvement of doctrine, organization, and training for Weapon systems during the defense acquisition process. We analyze the combat development element such as doctrine, organization, and training which is working in the United States of America. then we apply the ideas to our proposal for the improvement of doctrine, organization, and training for weapon systems. This paper will be contributed to the improvement of doctrine, organization, and training and the efficiency of defense acquisition program management.


Objective: To describe how supplementation with infant formula in the first two days (F2D) of life is associated with breastfeeding duration in a nationally representative sample of US births.


A kind of glucagon-like peptide derivatives (GLP-1) having the following formula (I), and its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, chelate, noncovalent complex, prodrug, or mixture thereof are provided. The compound is chemically stable and not easy to be degraded by the intracorporeal dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). When the compound and the drug produced therefrom as an active ingredient are used to lower the intracorporeal blood glucose concentration, they have not only a longer plasma half-life, more than 30 hours, but also a remarkable effect of reducing blood glucose. wherein X is selected from glycine or glycinamide.


M-U (Henry Kimpton, price 21s.). Dr Hamilton has been for many ^ars a diligent and ingenious student of animal behaviour. W at pains to stndy the reaction tendencies of been eings and their modifications by experience. In correlated with his clinical findings as a practising psyehQ^thoiops ^e result being an original and valuable presentation o . -n fr?m the behaviourist standpoint. We have no es acknowledging Dr Hamilton's service to psychology, a * allow the value of such an approach as he here makes o


Use of alcohol increasingly affects the problem of highway accidents and fatalities in this country. According to the National Safety Council, use of alcohol by a driver or drivers accounts for I in every 4 highway fatalities. The yearly rate of 38,000 car accident deaths has stirred several major organizations to study the problem as an epidemic. They note in their summary of findings that the dangerous effects of an evening's drinking may last up to i8 hours, regardless of coffee intake; and that use of sedatives and tranquilizing drugs dulls the driver's skill. The habit-forming properties of meprobamate have also been noted. In a series of more than 6oo alcoholic patients treated by the drug, its use led to excessive self-medication in 13 patients, io of them abstemious at the time. With overdoses the patient acts as if he were drinking, and the danger of driving a car is obvious. Various reports in the literature disagree on the interpretation of the term "under the influence of alcohol." For example, Loftus, from his experience with tests results of about 400,000 car drivers in Oslo, considers the clinical diagnosis of "not sober" not readily quantified because it is based on multiple symptoms and observations.


. The ideology of Narodnichestvo has historical and topical significance in the development of legal consciousness and legal culture of Russian society. It reveals the paradoxes of both past and present: Russian intelligentsia embodied the cultural and historical mission in relation to the people as an organic community. In the formation of legal culture with obvious manifestation of the paradox between faith in the people and literary-centrism, containing the idea of returning to the pre-Christian principles of original life, which was a consequence of an era of secularization and not continuity of constitutionalism and conservatism development of Russia.


This important book demonstrates how businesses can operate both profitably and ethically - by finding a common interest between all those involved in their operations. It does so through the example of Dick Dusseldorp, founder of Lend Lease, one of Australia's most admired blue-chip corporations. Arriving in postwar Australia with only one construction contract and a handful of workers on his company's books, Dusseldorp built Lend Lease into a billion-dollar property development and financial services concern. Widely respected for his business success, Dusseldorp was equally well known for his commitment to sharing the fruits of that success with the workers, shareholders and clients of Lend Lease, and the communities where the company conducted its business. Not only does this book tell the story of Lend Lease and its founder, through them it demonstrates how business can be done inclusively - and so provides a workable model for corporate governance.


The atomic structures, growth behavior, and electronic properties of (Al2O3)n, n = 1–10, clusters have been studied within the framework of density functional pseudopotential theory and generalized gradient approximation for the exchange–correlation energy. The lowest energy isomers of these clusters show preference for 4-membered Al2O2 and 6-membered Al3O3 rings. There are 3-, 4-, and 5-fold coordinated Al atoms and 2-, 3-, and 4-fold coordinated oxygen atoms. The atomic structures have similarity with that of the γ-Al2O3 phase and the average coordinations of Al and O atoms in clusters are much lower from the values in the ground state of α-Al2O3 (corundum structure). In general, isomers with cage structures lie significantly higher in energy compared with the lowest energy structures we have obtained. The bonding characteristics for clusters of different sizes is studied using Bader charge analysis. It is found that with increasing size, the charge transfer from Al atoms to oxygen increases toward the ...


Negotiations in the Council of the European Union have been described as non-transparent since access to certain documents concerning the deliberations is restricted. As a result, national parliaments struggle to hold their national governments to account. Parliaments, providing a direct link between voters and the executive, play a vital role in granting legitimacy to the EU. Their incapacity weakens the democratic legitimacy of the European project. Existing literature on the topic has examined the formal powers of national parliaments and how active they are. However, it has failed to explore their access to information. This paper analyses the access to information on deliberations in the Council by the German European Affairs Committee (EAC) in the Bundestag. Interviews were conducted with members of the German EAC and their EU policy advisors. The analysis revealed that the German EAC employs an extensive network of direct oversight, manually scrutinizing a large number of documents. Certain limitations of this method were revealed, as due to capacity constraints only select decisions were examined. Individual citizens, organized interest and the media were shown to play a role in triggering the oversight at times, thus providing the impetus to start the scrutiny process.


The high resolution far‐infrared spectra of cyclopentanone‐α‐d4, and d8 have been observed. The energy levels of the low‐frequency vibration have been calculated as a problem of a particle in a two‐dimensional potential well with a variable reduced mass. The eigenstates of the hindered pseudorotation have been described in terms of a mixture of the eigenstates for the two orthogonal motions, pure bending and pure twisting around the twisted equilibrium conformation. The conformational energy of the molecule is estimated to be V(x, y) in cm−1 = 1302 x2 − 14531y2 + 366x4+ 14765x2y2 + 70352y4 where x and y are dimensionless bending and twisting coordinates. The interconversion between the two twisted conformations occurs through the planar form whose potential energy is about 750 cm−1 higher than the equilibrium form. To account for the observed deuterium substitution effects, some coupling of the α‐methylene rocking motions with the hindered pseudorotation has been postulated on an empirical basis. The majo...


The school management has close relationship with normal management and enterprise management.Many theories of school managenment. Since the theory of knowledge management in enterprise is greatly successful,the theory of knowledge management in school must be more and more emphasized and used extensively.Now the knowledge management in school of China should change from the theory introduction,theory deduction into management practice.Therefore we can achieve the great success and development on the integration between theory and practice of knowledge management.


Ion exchange resins are used in the nuclear industry to trap and remove radioactive caesium from power station spent fuel cooling ponds. Natural zeolites such as clinoptilolite, chabazite and mordenite including other organic ion exchanges such as sodium titantates, titanosilicates and hexacyanoferrates have been extensively studied for use in the nuclear industry. This report develops an understanding of the thermal performance of hexacyanoferrates and addresses the concern that cyanide may be produced on heating. TGA/MS analyses were conducted on four different materials: 1. potassium hexacyanoferrate 2. Cs Treat 3. KNiFCPAN 4. Sodium nickelhexacyanoferrate In air, decomposition leads to the generation of CO2, NOx and H20 with little or no HCN observed. In the absence of air, decomposition generates HCN in addition to gases like CO, CO2, NH3 and NOx. The amount of HCN generated depends on the type of hexacyanoferrate, the temperature and whether the carrier gas is dry or wet. It should be noted that hexacyanoferrates are inherently unsafe at high temperatures be it in anaerobic or aerobic conditions. In anaerobic conditions, HCN, NH3 and CO are released and in aerobic conditions noxious gases like NOx are produced. Therefore, no matter what conditions they are stored in, they remain potentially dangerous in case of an accidental release.


The current implementation of the Fan Chart displays equal tail probability bands and do not take into account that the variable of interest may be subject to data revision. In this note I propose the use of Highest Probability Density, HPD, bands and include flexibility to display the risks related to data revision. Click here to obtain a Visual Basic for Excel routine. Please save the the as FanChartGdpGrowth.xls and enable Macros to run the program.


The biospeleological investigations of several cenotes in the eastern region of Yucatán state, Mexico, during January 2018 yielded, among other invertebrates, two new truncatelloid gastropod species described herein as Mexicenoticaxochiigen. n. et sp. n. and Pyrgophorusthompsonisp. n. Both species represent the first record of stygobiont gastropod species from the cenotes of Yucatán indicating the high biodiversity potential of the studied area.


William Brasss indirect method of estimating infant and child mortality is applied to data from a fertility survey conducted in rural and urban areas of Rajasthan India in 1972. Comparisons are also made with other techniques and it is found that the Brass method is more accurate. (ANNOTATION)


In the last seven years 283 trauma patients were treated for multiple rib fractures and/or flail chest. Primary management consisted of only morphine analgesia in 16 patients, TEA in 112 patients, and mechanical ventilation in 155 patients. The indication for mechanical ventilation was always associated injuries (cerebral contusion, para- and tetraplegia, aspiration, severe lung contusion) and not the instability of the thoracic cage.


The results of neutralization and complement-fixation tests for antibodies against adenovirus types 1, 2, 3, and 4 were compared in 41 persons who did not have disease attributable to these agents at the time sera were drawn for testing. There was a dissociation between the results of the two tests with regard to the presence or absence of antibody and the magnitude of antibody titers in individual sera. In another group of 5 persons, varying degrees of persistence of complement-fixing antibody titer were demonstrated from periods of 1 year to 7 years or more. Finally, 20 to 26 persons with neutralizing antibody against adenovirus type 4 in 1954 were found to have such antibody in sera available 5 to 7 years previously. It is suggested that differences in the rate of disappearance of complement-fixing and neutralizing antibodies might explain, at least in part, the previously noted dissociations.


The systemic fungicides furalaxyl, metalaxyl and ofurace,1 used to control diseases caused by phycomycetes, were extremely active in vitro against Pythium ultimum, Phytophthora nicotianae and Phytophthora palmivora. Sporangia production was reduced more than mycelial growth but germination of sporangia and zoospores was relatively unaffected. Less than 1% of the metalaxyl or furalaxyl, present in media at the ED50 for hyphal growth, was firmly absorbed by Phyt. palmivora mycelium; uptake was against a concentration gradient and was characterised by a rapid accumulation followed by a more gradual release. Respiration and wall synthesis were not inhibited, whilst membrane permeability was unaffected. Lipid patterns were altered but these changes were probably of secondary importance. The fungicides inhibited protein and nucleic acid synthesis; RNA production was particularly affected. There was some evidence of a reduction in nuclear division. The primary effect of furalaxyl and metalaxyl probably involves impaired biosynthesis of RNA so that mitosis is inhibited; ofurace may act in the same way.


Objective To explore the change of p53 and Bcl-2 in cerebral tissue after acute cerebral infarction in rats and the protection of Herbal medicine therapy Huonaokang.Methods 50 healthy wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control(A),sham operation(B),model(C),Huonaokang(D) and buchangnaoxintong positive control(E),We firstly establish cerebral ischemia rat model by using thread blockage,and then detect the expression of Bcl-2 and inflences of Herbal medicine therapy Huonaokang by immunity histochemical method.Result Contrary to model group,Herbal medicine Huonaokang can decrease the expression of p53 around ischemic area,and promote protein Bcl-2 to express(P0.001).Conclusion Huonaokang can be discriped Huonaokang inhibit epoptosis,lessen of ischemic injury and proteist injured brain tissue.


This paper presents a reference-free readout method for the phase-change memory (PCM) that compensates for the temperature drift of the cell resistance. The proposed method reconfigures the sense amplifier (SA) array into flash analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in order to extract the optimum decision threshold for the given temperature from the distribution of the data output therefrom. The resolution of the reconfigured flash ADC, the number of flash ADCs for data averaging, and the required number of samples are determined for a target bit error rate of 1 ppm. The proposed SA drives a bit line (BL) rapidly with switchable current sources. A proof-of-concept prototype chip is fabricated via the 180-nm CMOS process. A single-channel readout path occupies <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$137 \times 27\,\,\mu \text{m}^{\mathbf {2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and consumes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$305~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> under a 3.3-V supply, with readout latency less than 100 ns.


There is a need for small Sense and Avoid (SAA) systems for small and micro Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to avoid collisions with obstacles and other aircraft. The proposed SAA systems will give drones the ability to "see" close up and give them the agility to maneuver through tight areas. Doppler radar is proposed for use in this sense and avoid system because in contrast to optical or infrared (IR) systems Doppler can work in more harsh conditions such as at dusk, and in rain and snow. And in contrast to ultrasound based systems, Doppler can better sense small sized obstacles such as wires and it can provide a sensing range from a few inches to several miles. An SAA systems comprised of Doppler radar modules and an array of directional antennas that are distributed around the perimeter of the drone can cover the entire sky. These modules are designed so that they can provide the direction to the obstacle and simultaneously generate an alarm signal if the obstacle enters within the SAA system's adjustable "Protection Border". The alarm signal alerts the drone's autopilot to automatically initiate an avoidance maneuver. A series of Doppler radar modules with different ranges, angles of view and transmitting power have been designed for drones of different sizes and applications. The proposed Doppler radar micro SAA system has simple circuitry, works from a 5 volt source and has low power consumption. It is light weight, inexpensive and it can be used for a variety of small unmanned aircraft.


Objective
To investigate the genetic variations of gag-pol gene in human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1) CRF07_BC strain in Guangdong Province.

Methods
From February to September in 2015, plasma samples of 78 cases with HIV-1 CRF07_BC infection in Guangdong were collected before antiretroviral treatment. Viral RNA was extracted from plasma. Gene (gag and pol) sequences were amplified by reverse transcriptase and nested-PCR using specific primers. Phylogenetic tree, genic dispersion rate, nucleotide polymorphism, selection pressure and variation characteristics were analyzed.

Results
The main transmission route of the enrolled patients was homosexual transmission (80.77%, 63/78). The gag-pol gene phylogenetic tree was divided into two sub-clusters. The strains from different transmission routes were not in cluster. The average genetic dispersion rate and average entropy of gag gene were both higher than those of pol gene. The average genetic dispersion and average entropy of p17 and p6 regions of gag gene were both higher than those of p24. The average genetic dispersion and average entropy of pol gene were higher than those of rt region. The average ds/dn values of gag and pol genes were greater than one. Compared with the common HIV-related antigenic epitopes (A2, A11, B39, B60, Cw1, Cw3, Cw8), the cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) epitope mutations in the P17 region were more in the consensus of GAG region than those in the P24 region. The epitope conserved rates were 26.92%, 0, 1.28%, 0, 96.15%, 82.05%, 84.62% and 98.72%, respectively. The drug resistance rate of pol gene was 2.56% (2/78).

Conclusions
The gag and pol genes of CRF07_BC strain in Guangdong are all mutated. Diversity of gag gene is greater than that of pol gene, and gag gene variation is mainly in p17 and p6 regions. gag and pol genes are both affected by negative selection pressure. P17 protein CTL epitope variability is greater than P24 protein epitope. The prevalence of drug resistance mutation is lower than the threshold. It's important to monitor the spread of drug-resistant strains.

Key words:
HIV-1; Epidemiology, molecular; CRF07_BC; Drug resistant mutations


A cluster expansion is obtained for the coherent and incoherent dynamic structure factors in the case of a simple classical dense fluid. The expansion is useful in the case of fluids where the hard-core repulsive part of the interaction plays an important role. The first term in the expansion is given by the dynamic structure factor of a noninteracting system. The second term is obtained by solving the dynamics of a two-particle system with initial positions given by the pair-correlation function for the full system and initial velocities given by a Maxwellian distribution. The third term is obtained by solving the dynamics of a three-particle system, etc. Keeping only the first two terms, the effect of repeated binary collisions on the dynamic structure factor is studied in the case of a hard-core fluid and a Lennard-Jones (6,12) fluid with liquid-argon parameters. The results are compared with neutron-scattering experiments.


Electrolyte structure and ion solvation dynamics determine ionic conductivities, and ion (de)solvation processes dominate interfacial chemistry and electrodeposition barriers. We elucidate electrolyte effects facilitating or impeding Li+ diffusion and deposition, and evaluate structural and energetic changes during the solvation complex pathway from the bulk to the anode surface.


This study investigated the emission and diffusion of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as one of the odorous gases generated from landfills, in a municipal solid waste landfill of a south Chinese city. To this end, the flux of the H2S emissions in the working area of the landfill and its diffusion in the surrounding area were measured. The diffusion of the H2S was simulated at different wind speeds, wind directions, bare working areas of the landfill, heights of the landfill, and angles between the wind direction and the long side of the working area. The results indicated that the concentration of the H2S around the monitoring point ranged from 0 to 60 µg/m3, and the simulated data were consistent with the measured results. At a uniform wind direction, the pollution range of the H2S was narrow. Furthermore, with an increase in the height of the waste dump, the concentration of the H2S decreased in the working area but rose in the surrounding area. Notably, when the angle between the long side of the working area and the wind direction was 0°, the H2S largely spread along the extension cord of the long side of the working area. When the angle increased to 90°, the influence range of the H2S extended significantly. The working area in the landfill site should be regulated based on the monitored data to reduce the effect of this harmful gas on the living environment, and the health of the landfill staff and nearby residents.


More than two years ago, a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) physician arranged for some Philadelphia researchers visiting NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif, to see some of the minimum-friction devices used to simulate satellite motion, spacecraft acceleration, and prolonged weightlessness. Out of that visit has come a device that may help some brain-injured children and adults learn or relearn how to crawl. The visitors, from the independent, private Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential, talked that day with Hubert C. ("Vic") Vykukal, BSME, a NASA research scientist. From this and subsequent conversations evolved the "vehicle for initial crawling," so named because its acronym is the same as its developer's nickname—VIC. The crawling-assistance device is being evaluated for possible roles in rehabilitation efforts. Fifty such devices have been built for the Philadelphia facility by a contractor at a cost of $110 apiece. Essentially, the device consists of


In Marx's age, the main form of alienation is labor alienation; consumption alienation is derived from labor alienation and appears as insufficient consumption. But as time went on, especially after the Second World War, the manifestation of consumption alienation changed from the alienation of insufficient consumption to the alienation of excessive consumption. This shift reflects the transition of the capitalist mode of production and way of exploitation. How to conceive the shift of the main manifestation of alienation from labor alienation and consumption alienation of insufficient consumption to the consumption alienation of excessive consumption? Our answer affects our view of today's capitalist system and Marxist alienation theory.


We have investigated the magnetic behavior of magnetite nanoparticles covered by the 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid around magnetite core prepared by a standard co-precipitation method. The particles show superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature, with transition to a blocked state at blocking temperature 91 K estimated from zero eld cooled and eld cooled at 500 Oe experiment. The hysteresis loop measured at 293 K showed magnetization 32.8 emu/g at 50 kOe without any coercivity. The mean particle size (7.1 nm) was determined by tting a magnetization curve obtained at 295 K assuming a log normal size distribution.


In China,Enterprises' Annuity is a new social security system on which has more emphasis.However,the research of accounting about Enterprises' Annuity has just a new step.This paper has a new research angle from accounting entity,especially to discuss how to combine the enterprises' annuity system with accounting theory basis.Moreover,this paper hope to find the accounting entity theory, which suits the development of this system,from the research method of accounting theory and practice with the nature of enterprises' annuity.


This paper shows that a cold expanding universe naturally produces stars at high redshift. A homogeneous universe composed of low-entropy matter (S or approx. =2 M/sub sun/, none would be burning now, but their remnants may form the darkmore » matter in galactic halos and clusters. These stars must also be held accountable for the production of the microwave background, galaxies, and, probably, helium. The model makes simple predictions about the expected large-scale anisotropy in the microwave background which differ from standard theories postulating fluctuations in the initial state and/or a primordial origin for the entropy. Other less direct tests are also proposed.« less


An eye nurse was drafted in by police to provide health advice during an initiative to encourage drivers to have regular eye checks. Karen Dolling (above left), support nurse for visually impaired people at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, was asked by South Yorkshire Police to tell drivers about various eye conditions. Drivers were stopped by police, including South Yorkshire sergeant and FA Premier League referee Howard Webb (centre), and asked to read a number plate at the legally required distance of 20.5 metres. 'The most common problems are related to diabetes, cataracts, glaucoma and age-related maculated degeneration,' said Ms Dolling. The driver above passed the test with flying colours.


The addition of diatomite can improve the physical-mechanical performance of asphalt mixture and enhance the quality of pavement engineering.An experimental investigation is undertaken in this research.The bending creep rate are tested.The low temperature performance of asphalt mixture which are filled with diatomite are studied.According to the laboratory experimental investigation,it is approved that diatomite can improve the low temperature performance of asphalt mixture and with the increasing of diatomite content the low temperature performance of asphalt mixture follows special rules.


This study deals with different strategies of resource allocation in relation to tracking purposes. The integration of sensors for target tracking and resource management has been intensively investigated and several effective techniques have been developed. In a military context, resource allocation has two main purposes: precision of target tracking and sensor discretion, that means a number of limited pulses. Our different techniques provide solutions in our search of optimal strategy according to the requirements of allocation. Optimizing target pulse allocation amounts to minimize a given criteria, taking into account target vagueness. Our work consists in adapting this criteria to the tracking requirements by favoring a running mode (Stand-By or Tracking).


From the sensitivity of the FBG center wavelength changing with the macro-elastic modulus and the instantaneous fracture strain wave on the surface of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) composite, we investigate the correlation between the macro-elastic modulus (the changing rate of the FBG center wavelength during the stretching process) and the fracture status of CFRP specimen. An FBG staged monitoring method based on modulus/strain wave coupling properties designed to monitor tensile fracture state of composite has been proposed. By monitoring the change of macro-elastic modulus during the stretching process, the damage state of composite in a macro perspective is obtained; when the internal damage reaches a critical state, the fracture distribution status of CFRP specimen is captured by monitoring the strain wave response induced by stress relaxation in different locations. Simulated analysis and experimental results in this paper show that the proposed FBG staged monitoring method can achieve the identification of the damage state and the breakage position of CFRP composite effectively, with a good prospect.


Cloud Security is still considered one of the main factors inhibiting the diffusion of the Cloud Computing paradigm. Potential Cloud Service Customers (CSCs) do not trust delegating every kind of resources and data to external Cloud Service Providers (CSPs). The problem grows in complexity due to the increasing adoption of complex supply chains: CSPs that offer Sofware-as-a-Service (SaaS) cloud services often do not have their own data centers, but just acquire resources and services from other CSPs. This makes ithard, if not impossible, to ascribe the responsibility of a securityincident. A possible solution is the adoption of Security ServiceLevel Agreements (SLAs): CSPs should deliver services withan SLA that details each guarantee offered in terms of security, and CSCs should be able to compare offerings from differentCSPs and verify that SLAs are respected during service lifecycle. This paper shows how it is possible to build up a per-serviceSecurity SLA in a chain of cloud services, proposing asolution based on a security evaluation technique to comparedifferent cloud service supply chains based on their SecuritySLAs.


Undulin, a large extracellular matrix (ECM) mosaic glycoprotein related to collagen type XIV, is associated with dense collagen matrices in soft tissues and is likely to be involved in the supramolecular organization of interstitial collagens. By fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we have assigned the undulin locus (UND) to band q23 of human chromosome 8.


The author analyses the influence of the separate issue on the economic development in Russian regions in the Civil War 1917-1920. Special attention is given to the study of separatist trends in the national economy.


In the Taoist book The Zhuangzi, three behavioral attitudes are expounded in the chapter entitled "Man in the World in Association with Other Men": (1) "inwardly maintaining one's straightforward intention," (2) "outward adaptability" and (3) "fully declaring one's sentiments and substantiating them by appealing to antiquity." The aim of this study is to elucidate these attitudes by analyzing the notion of speech conveyed in the adage "Speech does not need words." This analysis focuses on the ways to conduct oneself in society described in The Zhuangzi as being "a follower of Heaven," "a follower of the people" or "a follower of the respected ancients." This study also encompasses perspectives pertaining to a person's appearance, mind and utterances in general, thereby foreshadowing the meanings of "words like the water that daily issues from the cup," "words from valued writers" and "words that are metaphorical," as explained in the chapter on "Metaphorical Language" in particular. These three kinds of utterances are regarded by some scholars as formulas to explain, as well as language to experience, the Tao as expressed in The Zhuangzi. However, in this report it is maintained that the aforementioned methods for explicating the Tao transcend these formulas. Hence, in view of the idea of dispensable words, an attempt is made to demonstrate the application of the "Speech does not need words" concept by first reviewing the three types of behavioral attitudes and subsequently their relations to the three kinds of utterances. In addition to the approaches expressed as "the fasting of the mind," "sitting and forgetting everything" and "forgetting the words when the ideas are apprehended," the concepts of "nothingness," "forgetfulness" and "diminishment" are investigated to further explore the proposition that "Speech does not need words." In the same vein, the German philosopher Martin Heidegger, in his interpretations of "Weg" and "Sagen," maintained that speech most embodying the essence of the Tao must be generated by steps consisting of "disregarding," corresponding to the concepts of "nothingness," "forgetfulness" and "diminishment." Heidegger's arguments are also considered herein.


Background To estimate the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of the AdenoPlus point-of-care adenoviral test compared to PCR in an ophthalmic accident and emergency service. These findings were compared with those of a previous study. Methods This was a prospective diagnostic accuracy study on 121 patients presenting to an emergency eye unit with a clinical picture of acute adenoviral conjunctivitis. AdenoPlus testing was carried out on one eye of each patient and a PCR analysis was also performed on a swab taken from the same eye. AdenoPlus and PCR results were interpreted by masked personnel. Sensitivity and specificity for the AdenoPlus test were calculated using PCR results as the reference standard. Results 121 patients were enrolled and 109 met the inclusion criteria. 43 patients (39.4%) tested positive for adenovirus by PCR analysis. The sensitivity of the AdenoPlus swab in detecting adenovirus was 39.5% (17/43, 95% CI 26% to 54%) and specificity was 95.5% (63/66, 95% CI 87% to 98%) compared to PCR. Conclusions The AdenoPlus test has a high specificity for diagnosing adenoviral conjunctivitis, but in this clinical setting, we could not reproduce the high sensitivity that has been previously published.


Anguish and despair have marked the Spanish literature of twentieth century man. One can trace the existential anguish in the works of Ortega y Gasset, Unamuno, Sender, Laforet, Cela, and in the tremendista writings in general. Pedro Lain Entralgo in La espera y la esperanza opposes to this trend his analysis, claiming that Machado and others exhibit in their resistance to despair, a philosophy of hope. Perez de Ayala emphasizes man's free will and the importance of living one's life. Baroja insists on a constant battle with the world to create one's own environment. Unamuno, in addition to his themes of immortality, anguish and search for God, in discovering life's absurdity, finds life as he becomes life. He stresses the idea of the final boundary, and his heroes, like Alejandro in Nada menos que todo un hombre, although they fight with passion and with a will to dominate life, must in the end succumb to unconquerable death. All share the concept of man as a builder of his own moment, the maker of his own future. Sartre claims that man, unlike objects, through present action to construct a future creates a future which permits understanding and changing the present. Ortega, much earlier, expressed the same idea more clearly in his essay, "En tomo a Galileo":


We suggest the existence of initial order mixing in the short-time evolution of the kinetic Ashkin–Teller model. The phenomenological short-time scaling laws are tested with numerical simulation.


This paper designs the main function modules of DSM decision supporting system, and constructs a DSM decision supporting system of B/S structure according with J2EE architecture. The system realizes ten functions, including energy efficiency assessment, DSM program design, DSM project management, DSM electricity savings analysis, electric load analysis and forecast, peak load shifting management, DSM policy modeling, DSM project comprehensive evaluation, DSM case management and DSM prime data management, which can provide a unified decision supporting platform with universal functions for participants in DSM work.


Deliberately microand nanostructured interfaces for biology and medicine have attracted much interest over the last 15 years. The manufacturing technologies developed for the fabrication of integrated circuits have readily been adopted for the creation of well defined topographically, chemically, or mechanically patterned interfaces 1 . These patterns are of interest for the tight control of cell/material interfaces in the areas of biosensors, implant, and cell biology and the methods applied have benefited from the drive in the electronics industry for ever-closer integration of features on integrated circuits. In the following I would like to concentrate on the fabrication of topographic patterns for various biomedical applications. We concentrate here on surface topographies as there have been a large number of papers suggesting that nanoand microstructured surfaces have useful effects on cells (i.e. to elongate, guide, control adhesion, and differentiate). Further points in favour of topography are that the underlying principle is based on surface physics/mechanics; topography has permanence, and is "easy" to fabricate. As biomedical applications are not uniform in their needs, the patterns required are not standardised . Therefore, the methods for the primary pattern definition at the submicron level vary considerably: phase separation of binary polymer mixes, or block-copolymers, which form tunable, but random patterns and colloidal lithography, holographic, and x-ray lithography as well as electron beam lithography have been applied. As the fabrication of primary patterns is usually time consuming and often expensive, a wide range of replication techniques were employed to create the number of topographic samples required for biological tests, see Figure 1 for further detail. We applied imprint technologies to replicate e-beam defined features in polymers 2 In earlier experiments we observed that a wide variety of cells responded to microtopography, and even more so to patterned adhesive chemistry 1 .. We have developed techniques which allow the "fast" fabrication of e-beam defined regularly nanofeatures 2 . When the dimensions of pits or pillars on surfaces were reduced to submicrometric levels, various cell types (fibroblasts, epithelia, bone) responded by exhibiting a significantly reduced tendency to adhere and spread . These kind of features are known to influence the physicochemical surface properties of materials, and we investigated the changes in surface energy on nanopatterned hydrophilic, and hydrophobic model materials, and polymer imprints. The results showed that nanopatterning increases hydrophobocity, if the material had a water contact angle of around 70o, and that the same features made hydrophilic materials superhydrophilic 3 . This lead us to hypothesise, that the reduced adhesion, and proliferation of cells on these surfaces could be due to surface trapped air. As the most effective patterns had to be defined by e-beam, but cells live in a 3dimensional environment we needed to develop methods to take the most effective nanopatterns and incorporate them into 3-D. The method developed is based on supported thin silicone membranes, which bend during embossing, to accommodate the viscous flow of the polymer, see Fig 2. We have shown, that cells respond to topographic, chemical, and mechanical patterns of both microand nanometric size, with changes in cytoskeletal arrangement, behaviour, and gene expression. Although we are trying to establish the underlying physical principles of the cell surface interaction, there is so far not enough evidence to support a generalised theory which would allow the prediction of a cells reaction simply based on the surface design.


The statement of Fujian spirit demonstrates the requirements of advanced socialist culture.In the expression,to love the motherland and hometown is the pneuma;to be tolerant with different views is the attitude;to be charitable is the virtue;to be daring to challenge is the character.The educational significance of Fujian spirit is that to love the motherland and hometown is the essence of scientific development,to be tolerant with different views is a psychological status of making a good life,to be charitable is a vivid demonstration of cultural harmony and to be daring to challenge is a positive attitude towards cultural awareness.Therefore,college students should well educated in being patriotic,healthy-minded,grateful and innovative.


Virtue is the kernel of Confucius' Philosophy that embodied his political opinion,cultural ideals he pursued and also the historical consideration of that "three dynasties".These ideals strongly accumulate his cherished ideals of "Golden Epoch",and also indicate Confucianism founder's historical consciousness towards the "three dynasties" spirit.Especially,it profoundly indicated Confucius's historical sense and Confucian's massive responsibility by reflecting,regressing and transcending the "three dynasties".


Abstract The rise of patriarchal populist leaders over the past decade has fortified a long-standing campaign by conservative governments and advocacy groups to undermine women's international human rights. Their efforts have increasingly focused on revising language as a means to challenge and weaken the international norms and organizations essential to women's and girls' equality and health. Through our textual analysis of UN records, governmental and nongovernmental publications, media coverage of disputes over language, and background interviews with activists, we identify and delineate the significance of this 'norm spoiling' strategy and trace its expansion during the Trump administration. We find that women's rights challengers have pursued three distinct spoiling tactics based in language: controlling what women's rights advocates can say through policies such as the United States' 'global gag rule'; altering the meaning of women's rights by reframing them as an attack on other rights, such as religious freedom; and deleting foundational words, such as 'gender' and 'sexual and reproductive health and rights', from international agreements. The role of language in today's patriarchal populism goes beyond populist leaders' speeches, rallies and tweets. Their governments and allies systematically control, alter or delete words central to women's rights.


The Bolshevik revolution and subsequent dramatic events in Russia challenged and reshaped many conventional assumption about time and temporality. Early Russian avant-garde was equally informed by the utopian energies of the Revolution and by the newest developments in European philosophy and art that also questioned and critiqued the traditional understanding of time. The paper examines the hieroglyphics of time as developed by one of the last Russian avantgarde writers Daniil Kharms (1905-1942) and the French playwright and poet Antonin Artaud (1896 – 1948). The Chinari group to which Kharms belonged developed a peculiar system of signs, a mystical semiotics of radical performance that often referred to certain messengers. In Kharms' texts, an encounter with these is a reminder that time as we know it does not really exist. For Kharms, messengers are in themselves hieroglyphs of temporality, dreadful omens of the imminent end of Chronos. As the last heirs to the "heroic" Russian avant-garde Kharms' circle of writers brought Futurists' obsession with the end of history (cf. Mayakovsky with his famous motto "We'll ride the jade of history to death!") to its logical conclusion. For Antonin Artaud the concept of a dreamy mystical hieroglyph was very important as well. Drawing on Charles Baudelaire's concept of hieroglyphical dream from Les paradis artificiels ("Ce reve, que j'appellerai hieroglyphique"), Artaud perceives hieroglyph as an archetype of temporality. As Artaud puts it in "Sur Le Theatre Balinais" and in some later works, hieroglyph stands for the ineffable higher reality of existence and makes it possible to destroy the mundane time-flow of everyday life. In this context, hieroglyph is initially grasped as an unknowable noumenon of a Kantian ding an sich. In both Kharms and Artaud, hieroglyphs are intimately linked to the theatrical. Similar to Kharms' hieroglyphic messengers, Artaud's mystical hieroglyph gradually acquires the status of a full-fledged literary character. Literary personae in Artaud become decorated as hieroglyphs; his theatre addresses performers as "moving hieroglyphs" so to speak. The paper considers the two Avant-Garde authors' mystical temporality of performance in the context of the larger debate on the modern "body," identity and subjectivity.


The accurate measurement of penile length is important in children with abnormal genital development, e.g. micropenis, microphallus, buried penis and webbed scrotum [1,2]. Penile/phallic length may also be a critical determinant in gender assignment [3]. We describe a simple and eCective method for measuring penile length in neonates and infants and its comparison with the conventional stretched penile length measurement (CPLM). A penis of inadequate length or appearance in a newborn or infant can cause parental anxiety and may also be a source of severe psychological disturbance in the child at puberty, aCecting body image [2]. The abnormal appearance of the male genitalia, other than in intersex disorders, is usually caused by micropenis, microphallus, buried penis or webbed scrotum. A micropenis (a very small penis but with no hypospadias) has a CPLM of >2.5 sd below the mean for the age of the child. Micropenis may also be a feature of some dysmorphic syndromes, e.g. Down's syndrome, Noonan syndrome and the William's syndrome [4]. The term microphallus usually defines an ambiguously appearing organ with variable degrees of hypospadias [5]. Buried penis is caused by a deficiency of penile shaft skin and b a


The fundamental group is one of the most basic topological invariants of a space. The aim of this paper is to present a method of constructing representations of fundamental groups in complex geometry, using techniques of partial differential equations. A representation of the fundamental group of a manifold is the same thing as a vector bundle over the manifold with a connection whose curvature vanishes, and this condition amounts to a differential equation. On the other hand, the natural objects of geometry over a complex manifold are the holomorphic vector bundles and holomorphic maps between them. We will adopt a philosophy based on algebraic geometry, that these holomorphic objects are understandable, and this leads us to try to produce flat connections starting from holomorphic data. Briefly, the results are as follows. We solve the Yang-Mills equations on holomorphic vector bundles with interaction terms, over compact and some noncompact complex Kahler manifolds, yielding flat connections when certain Chern numbers vanish. An application in the compact case gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a variety to be uniformized by any particular bounded symmetric domain. The first such construction was the theorem of Narasimhan and Seshadri relating holomorphic vector bundles and unitary connections on a curve. It was later extended to higher dimensions by Donaldson, Uhlenbeck, and Yau. Their work serves as a paradigm for what we will prove, so it is worth describing first. Let X be a compact complex manifold. One can produce unitary connections using holomorphic vector bundles as follows. There is a natural operator 8 which reflects the holomorphic structure of a bundle E. Given a metric on E , there is an operator a defined by the condition that the sum D = a + 8 is a connection which preserves the metric. The curvature of D is a two-form F = D2 with coefficients in the endomorphisms of E. The equation F = 0 is usually overdetermined, but there is a natural intermediate equation, itself of


Oxygen‐deficient zones (ODZs) play an important role in the distribution and cycling of trace metals in the ocean, as important sources of metals including Fe and Mn, and also as possible sinks of chalcophile elements such as Cd. The Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP) ODZ is one of the three largest ODZs worldwide. Here, we present results from two sectional surveys through the ETNP ODZ conducted in 2018, providing high‐resolution concentrations of several metals, along with complimentary measurements of nutrients and iodine speciation. We show that samples obtained from the ship's regular rosette are clean for Cd, Mn, Ni, and light rare earth elements, while uncontaminated Fe, Zn, Cu, and Pb samples cannot be obtained without a special trace‐metal clean sampling system. Our results did not show evidence of Cd sulfide precipitation, even within the most oxygen‐depleted water mass. High Mn and Ce concentrations and high Ce anomalies were observed in low‐oxygen seawater. These maxima were most pronounced in the upper water column below the oxycline, coincident with the secondary nitrite maxima and the lowest oxygen concentrations, in what is generally considered the most microbially active part of the water column. High Mn and Ce features were also coincident with maxima in excess iodine, a tracer of shelf sediment sources. Mn and Ce maxima were most prominent within the 13°C water mass, spanning a density horizon that enhances isopycnal transport from the shelf sediments, resulting in transport of Mn and Ce at least 2500 km offshore.