This paper concentrates on the experience, methods and results of the Inter-Islamic Network on Water Resources Development and Management (INWRDAM) in greywater treatment and use, in order to make it easily affordable to more Islamic countries. Over the last five years the INWRDAM has undertaken applied research on decentralized wastewater treatment and use. This has focused on instigating a holistic approach for the development of "state of the art" modular on-site greywater treatment and use units at the INWRDAM household level, and implementing capacity building of the local peri-urban communities to enable them to practice sustainable urban agriculture (UA) by saving fresh water and safeguarding the environment. The outcome of this research to date has been the optimization of the modular low-cost units for greywater treatment and use by drip irrigation techniques and selection of crops for home gardens. These findings were the results of three projects. The first, entitled 'Post Project Evaluation of Permaculture Techniques', and second, entitled 'Greywater Treatment and Reuse in Home Gardens', were both conducted in the town of Ein Al-Baida, Tafila Governorate, in the southern part of Jordan, and were funded by research grants from the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada (IDRC). The third project, entitled 'Community Involvement in Reuse of Greywater to Improve Agriculture Output', was financed by the Jordanian Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation of Jordan (MOPIC), and benefited more than 800 households in 90 peri-urban sites throughout Jordan with greywater units and drip irrigation systems. The INWRDAM also succeeded in establishing similar greywater activities in other Islamic countries such as Lebanon, where the adoption of greywater in a cluster of six towns is being implemented. The results of this research were well-accepted by the local community and by the government of Jordan. More projects addressing greywater use are now being implemented in Jordan, Palestine and Lebanon, with emphasis on conserving fresh water, improving sanitation and generating extra income for the poor in peri-urban areas. They constitute sustainable urban agriculture practices. As a result of these activities, a recent evaluation of INWRDAM's greywater projects indicated that 'INWRDAM has contributed to raising the profile of greywater use both in Jordan and in other parts of the world'.


Social enterprise is recognized as an alternative for sustainable development, as it balances social aspects with economic prosperity. Evaluating social enterprises is very important for both the enterprises themselves and the government, since grants from the government or institutions highly depend on their performance. While relatively significant attention is paid to the social value that these enterprises create, there is a lack of interest in assessing the operational performance directly linked to the sustainable operation of social enterprises. Therefore, this research analyzes the performance of social enterprises from the efficiency perspective, incorporating both operational (economic) and social performance measures. To this end, we apply data envelopment analysis to assess the performance of social enterprises when considering the dual-role factor—the grants. To facilitate clarity for readers, a dataset of Korean social enterprises is used. Through this analysis, we show that the grants can be used for performance evaluation in different ways for each enterprise. Furthermore, an industry-specific analysis provides more realistic and feasible benchmarking information to which inefficient social enterprises should refer. We expect that these findings will complement existing methods of social enterprise evaluation.


Background: The dysfunction in sexual ability has effects on the quality of life in men. Oxytocin plays a role in sexual and social behaviors. Hyperprolactemic males had erectile dysfunction. Endogenous estrogens in men, are not only important for health integrity but can additionally cause the promotion of many diseases. Objectives: The current review aimed to high light on the role of oxytocin, prolactin, and estrogen in male sexual functions. Oxytocin neurons have been heavily implicated in mediating sexual behavior in both humans and animals. Oxytocin hormone regulates social behaviors such as mating, maternal/paternal care, and bonding. Oxytocin levels rise during mating in females and males in humans and animals and may mediate anxiolytic/calming effects of sexual activity and antidepressant effects.Oxytocin's role in regulating erection and ejaculation has been studied in mice and rats. Oxytocinergic projections from the paraventricular nucleus to the hippocampus, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord facilitate penile erection. Prolactin (PRL) serves a dual function both as a circulatory hormone and as a cytokine. PRL is known to be involved in the control of male copulatory behavior in humans, mice, rats, and other rodent models. It release during copulation in males and has a positive modulation for various aspects of testicular functions which hinting at the crucial role of prolactin in male reproduction. The lower concentration of prolactin was associated with reduced seminal vesicle volume and ejaculate in the infertile human male. Hypoprolactinemia has been associated with premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. Hyperprolactinemia can be caused by tumors, drugs, or idiopathic, leading to alterations in sexual behavior as loss of libido and erectile dysfunction. It is also reported that it can cause endocrine disturbances leading to abnormal levels of testosterone, FSH, and LH. Chronic hyperprolactinaemia suppresses copulatory behaviour in animal models and yields sexual dysfunction and other side effects in men. In men, testosterone acting via its action on androgen receptors may be dependent on the action of aromatase enzyme on of testosterone and converting it to estradiol (E2). Estrogens act through ERα and ERβ at the plasma membrane and in the nucleus to regulate functions of many organs in men. The role of estradiol action on libido is seen at various levels of regulation, starting with direct effects in the brain. Not only does estradiol modulate sexual behavior in the adult male, it also appears to organize the early brain to program sexual behavior. The exact role of estradiol in each area of male sexual function including libido, spermatogenesis, and erectile function is difficult to determine. A complex balance of testosterone, estradiol, aromatase, and estrogen receptors in brain, testes, and penis, confirmed the indispensable and highly regulated hormonal interaction of estrogen in the male. Conclusion: It can be concluded that oxytocin hormone regulates social behaviors such as mating, maternal/paternal care, and bonding. PRL is involved in the control of male copulatory behavior in humans, rats, mice, and other rodent models. Hypoprolactinemia has been associated with reduced seminal vesicle volume, premature ejaculation, and erectile dysfunction. Hyperprolactinemia can be caused by tumors, drugs, or idiopathic, leading to alterations in sexual behavior as loss of libido and erectile dysfunction. Also, hyperprolactemic males had erectile dysfunction. Estradiol modulates sexual behavior in the adult male, and appears to organize the early brain to program sexual behavior.


This paper aimed to characterization of like thermal conductivity, viscosity, flash point and fire point tests of CuO based engine oils. CuO based engine oils are synthesized nanoparticles. XRD and TEM analytical techniques are used in preparation in nanoparticles and three different types of (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5%) mass concentrations of CuO nanoparticles are mixed to commercially available engine oil for the experimental investigations. KD2 pro thermal property analyzer, Redwood Viscometer–I and Cleveland open cup apparatus are used to evaluate quality parameters like thermal conductivity, viscosity, flash and fire point of nanoparticle engine oil.


Inverted duplicated sequences are a common feature of structural variants (SVs) and copy number variants (CNVs). Analysis of CNVs containing inverted duplicated sequences using nanopore sequencing identified recurrent aberrant behavior characterized by incorrect and low confidence base calls that result from a systematic elevation in the current recorded by the sequencing pore. The coincidence of inverted duplicated sequences with catastrophic sequence failure suggests that secondary DNA structures may impair transit through the nanopore.


The study of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition is one of the topics of more interest in the field of human evolution, where the differences in the subsistence strategies carried out by Neanderthals and Anatomically Modern Humans have generated numerous debates during recent years. Hornos de la Peña cave (Cantabria, Northern Iberia), excavated during 1909-1910, contains archaeological levels attributed to this transition, which have provided se-veral publications about the human groups that occupied the cave. However, the stratigraphic sequence proposed by Obermaier at the beginning of the 20th century has been questioned due, among others, to the lack of reliable dating. From 2016 to the present, new excavation works are being carried out to review the integrity of the stratigraphic sequence and its chronology and to analyze the new faunal remains. In this article, we present the first radiocarbon dates performed on the levels attributed to the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition, as well as the archaeozoo-logical and taphonomic results of the macrofauna recovered. Our results have revealed the complexity of the stratigraphic sequence, confirming that the previous stratigraphy proposed by Obermaier must be reconsidered. For that reason, although the activity of human groups inside the cave has been proved due to the presence of different anthropogenic modifications (mainly in horses, red deer and large bovids), it is not possible to construct hypotheses about their subsistence strategies. In summary, this new study has made it possible to reassess the stratigraphic sequence and provide new data on the chronology and the activities carried out by the human groups that occupied the cavity. In addition, this work highlights the importance of reviewing and dating levels from ancient excavations without reliable dating.


An otoacoustic emission simulation test system, which belongs to the technical field of a medical audiological detection system. The otoacoustic emission simulation test system comprises: an acoustic input port fixing buckle (1) is connected to an input end interface (3) of a 2cm 3 coupling cavity (4) to form a cavity, wherein an earphone bracket (2) is fixedly arranged in the cavity; an output end interface (5) of the 2cm 3 coupling cavity (4) is connected to one end of an interface bracket (6) through an O-shaped ring in a sealing way; the other end of the interface bracket (6) is connected to a simulation electronic cochlea acoustic receiving and output part (8); and the simulation electronic cochlea acoustic receiving and output part (8) is connected to a simulation electronic cochlea electric interface part (9) to form a simulation electronic cochlea. The otoacoustic emission simulation test system can restore basic functions of a human cochlea, simulate an actual otoacoustic emission effect and ensure completeness and effectiveness of an output otoacoustic emission signal. In addition, a probe of the simulation electronic cochlea has a same size as a standard microphone for measuring, thus direct replacement can be realized without damaging characteristics of an artificial ear.


Coalmine methane (CMM) liquefiers in small scale, 5000 to 20000 Nm3/d, are applied more and more in Chinese LNG projects. Most CMM sources contain ∼50% methane and 50% air. In order to make use of these low methane energy sources, a new full-scale separation system was designed and tested using a mixed refrigerant cycle. A method of removing air from CMM sources with a liquefying process is discussed in this paper.


Rabies is acutely fatal encephalitis caused by a neurotropic virus. This virus belongs to the family of Rhabdoviridae and genus of Lyssavirus. The virus is almost always transmitted to human through infected mammalian saliva. Rabies is inoculated to a wound by an infected animal bite. Since infection is established in the CNS, the outcome is almost always fatal. According to the outstanding role of vaccination against rabies in animals, as well as post-exposure treatment regimen in human, production of cell-cultured rabies vaccine is the most common interest of researchers. Two BHK-rabies vaccines, one made in the Pasteur Institute of Iran and two in Schering-Plough Animal Health of Madrid, Spain have been tested on 12 dogs divided into two groups. Sera were taken monthly over 18 months. To evaluate the titer of the rabies-neutralizing antibody, these sera were analyzed by the rapid fluorescence focus inhibition test (RFFIT) in the end of each month. Both study groups showed a sufficient immunogenic response without any significant difference at least one year after first vaccination. With respect to the effective immunization of rabies vaccines, their annual injections would be sufficient. According to the results, at the end of the study (18th month) serum titer in only one dog (No. 7) was less than protective level. Two animals in group one (No. 2 and No. 5) also had serum titers less than protective level. Mean of post vaccination antibody titer were not different in either groups (P=0.35).


We investigated optical properties (cathodoluminescence linescans) of selectively deposited quantum wells. As expected for selective MOVPE, composition and growth rate of bulk layers and quantum wells with thicknesses above 6 nm are determined by gas phase diffusion. Thin quantum wells (L/sub z/<6 nm) showed a clearly visible thickness variation in monolayer steps. The monolayer steps are extended at least over several 10 /spl mu/m depending on the mask pattern. Their formation can be influenced by the growth conditions, especially growth interruptions at the heterointerfaces. Based on our recent experiments, the lower interface (InP-GaInAs) is supposed to be crucial for the generation of monolayer steps.


We present an electronic cortical neuron incorporating both active and passive dendritic properties. The circuit is simulated using a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor SPICE model. We demonstrate that our neuron can detect coincident spatiotemporal input, and transform this neural information into a precisely-timed output spike. We also demonstrate that a dendritic spike is key to enhance precisely-timed input-output transformation within an individual neuron; without a dendritic spike it would require more neurons to achieve the same level of precision. Our simulation results show reliable firing and improved precision of output spike when a dendritic spike is initiated.


In this paper, we study the problem of cross-domain image-to-image transformation from real faces to faces with shadow puppet style. Our aim is to make target images retain the salient features of real faces and capture the artistic style of shadow puppet faces. This task involves dual changes of contents and geometric structures to the source image, and the target distribution is a transitional distribution, that cannot be solved by existing solutions. We propose a new CycleGAN-based scheme that extends the transformation of two image domains to that of three domains. We adopt a two-stage generation strategy in the forward transformation and urge the generator of the first stage to learn the target distribution. To this end, we set up a discriminator for the generator to guide its generation. We also present a multiple contrastive training strategy to address the problem of difficulty in training the discriminator, because there is no way to obtain real samples from the target domain. The experimental results show that our scheme is effective and that the target generator can produce intermediate images that meet the requirements.


We present a series of 31 AMS radiocarbon dates on charcoal samples from six sites with eastern Lapita and Polynesian plain ware occupations in the Ha'apai Islands of Tonga. These dates indicate an initial Lapita settlement beginning no earlier than 2850 cal BP, with a rapid transition to a Polynesian plain ware phase by 2650 cal BP at the latest. Comparison of the Ha'apai chronology to radiocarbon dates from elsewhere in Tonga and in Western Polynesia suggests it may have wider application, with only plain ware dates from American Samoa standing as the exception. The Ha'apai results have implications for the resolution of a rapid versus staged model for Lapita colonisation of Oceania. Rather than a Polynesian "express train", Lapita settlement appears as a clinal progression involving a period of no less than 450 years.


Introduction: Japan: Descending Asian Giant? Financial System Reform: Recovery or Retrogression? Political Earthquake in Japan Japan's ODA as Soft Power Japan in Global Governance: War and Peace Japan's Politics of Environment and Climate Change: From NIMBY to Global Networks National Security in Japan's Space Policy Japan's Regional Engagement: Network Diplomacy Can Japan Engage Northeast Asia? Overcoming Perceptual and Strategic Deficits Japan's Education System: Problems and Prospects in the Post-Industrial Age The Impact of Changing Age Structure on Demographic Dividends and Intergenerational Transfers in Japan Have Jobs and Hope Gone Forever in Japan? From Family and Firms to a New Social Network The Culture of Migration Politics in Japan


In this work, cold bulge forming of an Aluminium-Magnesium (Al-Mg) sheet with a solid bulging medium is performed experimentally and numerically.  Mechanical properties and thickness variations of Al-Mg sheet are evaluated before and after the forming process.  The results indicated that the Al-Mg sheet has taken the desired shape without necking using the cold bulge forming process.  Also, the experimental results show significant improvements in mechanical properties of Al-Mg sheet after bulge forming.  It is proved that the maximum thickness reduction of Al-Mg blank is less than 6% after cold bulge forming.  Numerical simulations of cold bulge forming of Al-Mg sheet are conducted using Abaqus finite element software.  For this purpose, many numerical models are created and analysed to investigate the effects of bulge forming speed on the blank thickness variation for different Aluminium alloys.  In these simulations, four different speed of 1, 5, 15 and 25mm/min are used as forming speeds.  Numerical results of bulge forming of Al-Mg sheet are compared with experimental measurements and good correlation is observed between the results.  Moreover, obtained results from numerical simulations for different Aluminium alloys show that the thickness variations of formed Al-Mg sheet are more uniform by reducing the forming speed.


This paper is pam of a larger study of the fungi causing leaf-spot diseases which affeot llhe grasses on leys in Finland. The material examined consisted of grasses growing on cultivated gra:sSiland or the borders of fields. The fresh materiad (c. 3770 samples) was collected at Viilk and the Muddusniemi Experiment Farm of Helsinki UnivePsity, art: Experiment Stations of the Agricultural Research Centre, the Plant Breeding InstitutJe of Ha:ruklkija and in other Localities in sounthem Finland. In additio.n seeds of grasses (c. 160 lots) ohiefly from llhe State Seed Testing Station (SSTS) and from the material (c. 40 lots) of the late Prof. Otto Valle's experiments were investigated. The last mentioned lots of the Finnish seeds (Tammisto) were produced in the USA. This study is moreover has•ed on artificiaJ cul1ture and inoculation tests. The genus H elminthosporium Link has been found to be well-represented in Finland on various grasses. Des·criptions of disease symptoms, morphological chracters and general significance are given for uhe fol!)mving species. H elminthosporium dictyoides Drec!hs. f. sp. dictyoides Braverman & GraJha.m, H. dictyoides Dreohs. f. sp. perenne Braverman & Graham, H. phlei (Graham) Scharif, H. sic cans Drechs., H. vagans Drechs. , H. tritici-repentis (Died. ) Diediake, H . sativum Pammell, King & Ba.!ktke, H . biforme Mason & Hughes, H. triseptatum Dredhs., as well as Drechslera dactylidis Shoemalker. The mosot important and widespreaJd species are H. phlei on Phleum pratense L., H . dict)'oides f. sp. dictyoides on Festuca pratensis Huds., H. dictyoides f. sp. perenne and H . siccans on Lolium multiflorum Lam. and L. perenne L. as weiH as H. vapans on Poa pmtensis L. H. tritici-repentis is art: least locally common on Agropyron repens (L.) PB., whereas H . sativum, H . biforme and H. triseptatum were found only aoci-dental'ly.


We obtain some results on the transcendental meromorphic solutions of complex functional difference equations of the form , where is a finite set of multi-indexes , are distinct complex constants, is a polynomial, and , , and are small meromorphic functions relative to . We further investigate the above functional difference equation which has special type if its solution has Borel exceptional zero and pole.


Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis with a single random primer, OPX-10 (5'-CCCTAGACTG-3') revealed distinct polymorphism among closely related groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) varieties. The primer appeared veryspecific to groundnut as it did not reveal polymorphism in other crops. Considering the narrow genetic base of groundnut in general and that of the varieties analysed, all having been derived from a single variety (Spanish Improved), OPX-10 primer appears to have amplified a fast evolving region of the genome.


Energy efficiency and quality of service are two important aspects in cloud applications. Their management requires the collection of a large amount of data through a monitoring system which monitors the behaviour of the application. In order to provide an effective approach towards efficiency and quality management, it is important to investigate relations and mutual influences between the monitored metrics. This analysis can be time and computational expensive. In this paper we propose to monitor the system in a distributed manner. We also propose to use a map-reduce like approach to analyse relations among the monitored variables by executing the computation locally and then sending the results to a coordination node. In this way we are able to create a dynamic model of the relations among monitored variables, here represented as a Bayesian Network.


This dissertation traces the afterlives of demolished buildings in post-war Beijing as a case to interrogate the changing role of waste in the political economy of development in contemporary China. In contrast to the mainstream narratives about China's post-Mao transformation, which often render waste as an external cost of economic development, I argue that waste has remained treated in China as a resource from the Mao to post-Mao eras. What has changed during the period of market reform, instead, is the geography of waste consumption. I establish this argument by showing a profound change of the network of institutions that removes used building materials from Beijing's demolition sites. In Mao's Beijing (1949-1978), the state was the main consumer of used building materials. Governments and state-owned enterprises in the city used the materials to accomplish production goals and to construct public urban projects. Used building materials, therefore, stayed at the urban center and contributed to the modernization of the city. In contrast, in the reform era (1978-present), villages and towns surrounding Beijing have become the center of demolition waste consumption. These peripheral villages and towns appropriate used building materials from the city to cultivate resources and to open up opportunities for growth. In focusing on the network, this study further reveals the diverse forms of businesses involved in the organization of waste work. In this respect, I show that the labor process of un-building (that is, the process of stripping a building down and of removing the resulting materials from its original location to another location) has always been a value-adding activity in China: it gives used building materials a second life. In the reform era in particular, the recovery of demolition waste constitutes a vibrant part of the urban economy. In urban areas, businesses emerge to organize the collection, sorting, and transportation of used building materials. These businesses purchase waste materials from property owners in the city, help urban governments reduce the costs of disposal, and offer a great number of jobs for the city's rural migrants.


Abstract Cellulose based nanomaterials have the great potential to be applied to paper as bulk additive or coating material to improve overall final properties, especially in secondary fiber. In the present work, the effect of applying different kinds of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) to papers obtained from recycled fibers using size press on physical, mechanical and barrier properties was investigated and compared with the sole use of starch as coating material. The coating process of CNF was carried out by the addition of size press grade starch to coating suspension. As a cellulose source, wheat straw was evaluated and CNF was obtained through oxidative and enzymatic pretreatments. Results indicate that starch/CNF suspension improves the overall paper properties. As a result of the deposition of coating suspension contains of 4 % wt. periodate-oxidized CNF onto paper surface, tensile and burst indices of papersheets increased as 52.2 % and 194.4 %. Significant decreases were observed in air permeability as 69.8 %. Compression tests also have been conducted to evaluate papersheets end-use properties. In comparison to the other pretreated CNF, due to is lower viscosity, applying periodate-oxidized CNF as size press significantly increased the mechanical properties of the papers fabricated from the recycled pulps.


We propose a detailed analysis of the complex preposition au dire de/aux dires de and of the main elements of its structural schema: X, its complement, and Y, the proposition in the scope of the prepositional phrase au(x) dire(s) de X, which functions as a sentential adverbial that indicates the origin or source of the information provided in Y. This use (symbolized as COMT), is opposed to two non-prepositional uses of the combination au(x)+dire(s)+de X, symbolized respectively as CIRC (adverbial complement of time/cause) and SEL (essential argument selected by the verb or complement added to a noun, adjective, adverb or preposition). Are described then the distributional, morphosyntactic and semantic properties of the lemma dire, the noun phrase le dire and the initial preposition a/au(x) ; then those of the elements X (namely the substitutability of the prepositional phrase by a possessive adjective) and Y (in particular its semiotic status, its forms and sentence modalities) and the place of the prepositional phrase au(x) dire(s) de X in the sentence.


Carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) ate the most major non-drug therapeutic approaches in patients with carotid stenosis at present. The measurement of cerebral reserve capacity in patients with carotid stenosis can not only select the patients at high risk who may face stroke recently but also modify the inclusion criteria of CEA or CAS in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis, and thus provide the best therapeutic regimen for patients. This article reviews the measurement of cerebal reserve capacity and the applications of MRI in it.

Key words:
carotid stenosis;  cerebral reserve capacity;  carotid endarterectomy;  stenting;  cerebral perfusion;  vascular reactivity


The scope of the present thesis is four-fold. First, to clarify and explain the means-ends framework and step-by-step analysis of the Austrian school. Second, to apply this framework to the Austrian theory of exchange rates. Third, to link the framework with most of the existing Austrian research related with the exchange rate theory and discuss this research. And fourth, to confront the Austrian economics with two mainstream approaches - Dornbusch?s overshooting model and short-run portfolio balance model. Message springing from this confrontation is twofold. First, the fundamental differences between present-day mainstream methods are envisaged. And second, the fact of possibility of mutual enrichment of both approaches from each other despite of completely different methodological backgrounds is suggested.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical development and health status of 5 year-old children for more effective health management of preschool children. This study carried out examinations of height, weight, hemoglobin, visual acuity & dental examination for 5 years-old preschool children in Kwang-ju up, Kwang-ju gun, Kyunggi-Do from January to February, 1996. For height and weight, the data were compared with the 1985's Korean standard and the hemoglobin and visual acuity data were compared with the Korean standard. The results were as follows. The average height for 5 year-old male children was 106.34.7(cm) and that of 5 year-old female children was 105.34.3(cm). Sixty seven point eight percent of male subjects registered below the 50th percentile for the Korean standard height and 79.5% of the female subjects registered below the 50th percentile for female. The average weight for 5 year-old children was 18.62.6(kg) for females. Also, it is estimated that obese subjects totaled 2.7%. For the visual acuity, 18.0% of subjects had weak vision in the left eye and 16.9% in the right eye. As a result, it was advised that these children undergo further examination. It was remarkable that there were so many anemic children. Children with a hemoglobin content of less than 11.9(g/dl) totaled 47.8%. It is anticipated that the results of this study will contribute to the on-going evaluation and subsequent planning for the children health management program within the health promotion program of public health center in Kwang-ju gun.


This paper discusses the problem of tracking a geometric object using data from a real-time laser rangefinder. Because of the volume of data we choose to preprocess each range image to find the edge points. Then 3D lines and circles are extracted from these edge points. By matching these extracted curves to the model of each object we are able to compute the object pose, that is its position and orientation. Some examples are given of the operation of these algorithms using simulated range data.


Partial deletions of chromosome 18q distal lead to diverse congenital dysmorphic features such as hypomyelination short stature cleft lip and palate foot deformity and aural atresia. In contrast mosaicism of 18q distal deletion is a rarer situation with a highly variable phenotype, leading to clinical diagnostic challenges A Japanese female was born at term with no asphyxia. Her family history was unremarkable. At 5 months of age, the patient was admitted due to no head control. Physical examination revealed general muscle hypotonus, course face with hypertelorism, microcephaly (37.5 cm, −2.7SD), curly hair, lymphedema foot, short fifth fingers, and malposition of the first and the fifth foot digits. Gastrointestinal and urological examination revealed tubular anal duplication, right hydronephrosis, and vesicoureteral reflux. She subsequently presented focal epilepsy with the dominancy in the left upper limb and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Brain magnetic resonance imaging at 5 years of age showed complete agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) (Figure 1A) and diffuse cerebral hypomyelination (Figure 1B). At 10 years, she could sit supported, but say no words. G-banded analysis at 2 years of age showed a normal female karyotype (46,XX). We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) at 11 years of age. We could not find any possible pathogenic single nucleotide variants but found about 20 Mb deletion at 18q21.31-qter (chr18:56585841-77513763) by two copy number variants (CNVs) detection tools (Figure 1C,D). The quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed 0.8 of relative copy number ratio to a control sample. The FISH analysis using 18q unique probe showed two copy signal patterns in all the 10 lymphocytes prepared at 2 and 7 years. Finally, we evaluated the WES data by H3M2 program, a detection program of runs of homozygosity. In the normal two copy region, B allele frequency (BAF), the ratio between B-allele read counts and the total number of reads mapped to that position (A + B allele), showed three lines. Value of zero and 1.0 means homoor hemizygous for A and B alleles, respectively, and about 0.5 means heterozygous allele. However, in the deletion interval, BAF showed four lines, suggesting that two types of heterozygous alleles (mosaic A or B allele deletion in the A/B heterozygous allele) were present in this region (Figure 1D). Chromosomal microarray analysis (CytoScan HD Array, Affymetrix) showed arr[hg19] 18q21.2q23(51392374-78 014 123)x1-2 (Figure S1). Therefore, we concluded that this patient has the low-prevalence mosaic deletion of 18q21.2qter. The partial deletion on the chromosome 18q23 including myelin basic protein (MBP) and a galanin receptor (GALR1) is critically related to cerebral hypomyelination. Prior cohort studies reported that partial chromosome 18q deletion was identified in three of 26 patients with hypomyelination leukodystrophy, and none of 162 patients with ACC. Although the combination of cerebral hypomyelination and ACC is observed in several congenital diseases including pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9 (caused by variants in AMPD2), glycine encephalopathy Received: 6 February 2019 Revised: 24 June 2019 Accepted: 13 July 2019 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12351


The article discusses methods for reinforcing brickwork using composite materials, as well as using stainless steel threaded rods. These methods are not widely used in Kazakhstan due to the lack of a regulatory framework governing their use. Traditional amplification methods are effective, but in some cases they are not suitable for use. An example is the strengthening of the load-bearing structures of historical buildings, the determining factor of which is the preservation of the appearance. In this case, the use of the discussed methods may be a justified alternative.


Many biological objects have a poor contrast in microscopy when they are imaged on the basis of the intensity of transmitted and reflected light. For pure phase objects the differential phase contrast technique increases the contrast of the images. We combined the differential phase contrast technique with optical coherence tomography. Our setup is based on a Michelson interferometer with a polarization sensitive detection unit. We scan the sample with two orthogonally polarized beams, which are separated by a distance of 17.5 micrometers . The full interferometric signal of each object beam is recorded by a separate detector. We calculate the phase functions of the interferometric signal through analytic continuation by use of the Hilbert transformation. Subtracting the two phase functions we get the phase difference between the object beams. Now we can derive the path length difference of the object beams at a certain depth in the object where the light was backscattered. The method is independent of variations in the backscattering coefficient, which was a problem in an earlier version of our setup. To investigate the performance of the technique we measured pure phase objects in the nm range. Differential phase measurements through scattering test samples quantified the influence of scattering on the phase measurement. First images of cell structures are presented.


To gain insight into the out-of-plane electrodynamics of high-T-c superconductors we have measured the absolute values and temperature dependence of the c-axis magnetic penetration depth lambda(c)(T) for two typical single-layer high-T-c cuprates, La2-xSrxCuO4 and HgBa2CuO4+x, as a function of doping. A distinct change in the behavior of lambda(c) is observed near 0.20 holes/Cu, which is related to the opening of the normal-state pseudogap. The variation of lambda(c) with doping is qualitatively similar to that of the in-plane component, lambda(ab), which suggests that the c-axis superfluid response is mainly governed by the superconducting condensation energy. The strong doping dependence of lambda(c)(0) for p<0.20 provides an explanation for the discrepancies in the literature.


In North America and Europe, Legionella species are reported in 2% to 15% of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The


ABSTRACT Welfare decentralisations have increased the importance of local neighbourhoods as context for care. As welfare reforms largely rely on increased citizen participation, local infrastructures facilitating participation, especially in disadvantaged neighbourhoods, become a focal point for understanding neighbourhood care. We studied professional and citizen led forms of care in two low-income neighbourhoods in the Netherlands. Our analysis of collective care as practices of repair and maintenance highlights the collective losses that neighbourhoods suffer within an institutional context of care as self-management and individual responsibility. The sustenance of collective neighbourhood care as a context and practice of social work requires recognition of the epistemic and relational work carried out by citizens and professionals in maintaining and repairing local care infrastructures.


We study the impact of misfit dislocations on the luminescence from InAs quantum dots (QDs) grown on Si substrates. Electron channeling contrast imaging is used together with cathodoluminescence mapping to locate misfit dislocations and characterize the resulting nonradiative recombination of carriers via near-infrared light emission profiles. With a 5 kV electron beam probe, the dark line defect width due to a typical misfit dislocation in a shallow QD active layer is found to be approximately 1 μm, with a 40%–50% peak emission intensity loss at room temperature. Importantly, we find that at cryogenic temperatures, the dislocations affect the QD ground state and the first excited state emission significantly less than the second excited state emission. At the same time, the dark line defect width, which partially relates to carrier diffusion in the system, is relatively constant across the temperature range of 10 K–300 K. Our results suggest that carrier dynamics in the QD wetting layer control emission intensity loss at dislocations, and that these defects reduce luminescence only at those temperatures where the probability of carriers thermalizing from the dots into the wetting layer becomes significant. We discuss the implications of these findings toward growing dislocation-tolerant, reliable quantum dot lasers on silicon.


Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols on gold were produced and characterised using contact angle goniometry, ESCA, SPR, and MALDI-MS. Two-component SAMs of polar and non-polar alkanethiols were included in the study. An alkanethiol equipped with an aromatic tail group was synthesised, and surface synthesis was carried out on hydroxylpresenting SAMs to introduce fluorinated and aromatic tail groups respectively.


Mike Philips of MIT presented recent progress on the VOYAGER system. In particular, MIT has incorporated a "top-N" approach to increase the level of integration between speech and natural language. They use Viterbi search to compute the upper bound estimate for an A* search. Readers should contrast this with papers from BBN and AT&T in the first SLS session. MIT has also developed an interesting way of creating a highcoverage/low-perplexity word-pair grammar based on sentences generated from their natural language grammar.


The oocyte is a highly specialized cell capable of accumulating and storing energy supplies as well as maternal transcripts and pre‐positioned signal transduction components needed for zygotic development, undergoing meiosis under control of paracrine signals from the follicle, fusing with a single sperm during fertilization, and zygotic development. The oocyte accomplishes this diverse series of events by establishing an array of signal transduction pathway components that include a select collection of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) that are expressed at levels significantly higher than most other cell types. This array of PTKs includes cytosolic kinases such as SRC‐family PTKs (FYN and YES), and FAK kinases, as well as FER. These kinases typically exhibit distinct patterns of localization and in some cases are translocated from one subcellular compartment to another during meiosis. Significant differences exist in the extent to which PTK‐mediated pathways are used by oocytes from species that fertilize externally versus internally. The PTK activation profiles as well as calcium signaling pattern seems to correlate with the extent to which a rapid block to polyspermy is required by the biology of each species. Suppression of each of the SRC‐family PTKs as well as FER kinase results in failure of meiotic maturation or zygote development, indicating that these PTKs are important for oocyte quality and developmental potential. Future studies will hopefully reveal the extent to which these factors impact clinical assisted reproductive techniques in domestic animals and humans. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:831–845, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


D~SCLA~F~ The contents ~ this tepid ~f}e~ the views of the ~th~, who ~ responsible for the facts Bed the ~cc,rsc~ of the Mformstien presente~ herein. T~Js do~urnent is ~isseminate~ enter the sponsorship of the Department of Transp~rtation. L~niversi~ Tr~nspor~t~on Centers P~ogram. in the h~terest of [nbrn~ation ~x~hange. The U.$, ~overnment assumes no JJ~bi~Jt~ let the content~ or ese thereof. Abstract This, paper presents an empmcal analysis of subcenter growth We develop a seiles of hypotheses based on the theoretical concep'¢s that have been proposed as explanations for the emergence and growth of subcenters We then conduct tests of these hypotheses using 1970-80 data from Lhe Los Angeles region We find that subcenters containing fast-growing mdustnes tended to grow rapidly, and so did those close to airports There is weak evidence that large subcenters and those located near downtown Los Angeles grew more slowly m proportional terms, possibly indicating &seconomles of scale due to congestion


In mammals neurofilaments (NF) are formed by coassembly of three subunits: NFL, NFM, and NFH (light, medium, and heavy). It had been believed that lampreys have only one subunit, NF180. However, a previous study showed that NF180 could not self‐assemble but could coassemble with rat NFL, suggesting the existence of additional NF subunits in lamprey. More recently, we cloned three additional NF subunits. These new subunits and NF180 have now been transfected in combinations into SW13cl.2Vim− cells, which lack endogenous cytoplasmic intermediate filaments. None of the subunits could self‐assemble. No combination of NF subunits could form filaments in the absence of lamprey NFL (L‐NFL). Assembly occurred at 28°C, but not at 37°C. L‐NFL could form thick NF bundles with NF180 but not with NF132 and NF95, which formed only fine filamentous arrays. To determine which parts of the NF subunits are required for filament or bundle formation, we constructed deletion mutants of NF180 and cotransfected them with L‐NFL. As with mammalian NF, only constructs with intact head and core domains could form filaments with L‐NFL. However, the full length of NF180 was required to form NF bundles. As with NF180, in situ hybridization indicated that mRNA for L‐NFL and NF132 was downregulated in identified reticulospinal neurons by 5 weeks after spinal cord transection, but was reexpressed at 10 weeks selectively in those neurons whose axons have a high probability of regenerating. This is consistent with a possible role of NFs in the mechanism of axon regeneration. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3657–3671, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract Although sonnets on the subject of contemporary portraits were common in Renaissance Italy, the genre as a whole has been neglected by art historians. Individual examples have been briefly alluded to, or used as an aid to dating, but rarely have the poems been examined for what they reveal about Renaissance attitudes to portraiture.1 Literary historians have been equally dismissive: Colasanti, for example, in his fundamental article on Renaissance poems on works of art, condemns the writers for their lack of sincerity and their unoriginal repetition of similar motifs, such as the artist in contest with Nature;2 and more recently Hagstrom has described the sixteenthcentury sonnets, with their heavy dependence on Petrarchan models, as 'of interest only on grounds of historical continuity'.3 This study, while not attempting a general defence of the poems' aesthetic merits, will argue that they can amount to more than banal re-shuffiings of stale motifs from an enclosed literary tradition. If looked ...


Deeply penetrating particles in the 10 to the 17th power eV cosmic ray flux were investigated. No such events were found in 8.2 x 10 to the 6th power sec of running time. Limits were set on the following: quark-matter in the primary cosmic ray flux; long-lived, weakly interacting particles produced in p-air collisions; the astrophysical neutrino flux. In particular, the neutrino flux limit at 10 to the 17th power eV implies that z, the red shift of maximum activity is 10 in the model of Hill and Schramm.


THE SEQUENCE of bronchial infection, bronchiectasis and fibrosis and asthma, with its enormous actual subsequent morbidity, has rightly led to considerable study of the well recognized favorable effects of penicillin inhalation therapy.1The problem has been one of determining the easiest and least harmful method of placing the penicillin in contact with the offending bacteria. Inhalation has circumvented the prime defect of parenteral therapy, namely, deficient circulation of blood in the fibrosed areas, yet there has remained the barrier of the diseased and irritated bronchi and bronchioles. One of us (S. J. W.) had been impressed by observation of the long-continued relief afforded ambulatory persons with diverse types of chronic bronchial asthma by repeated inhalations of mechanically nebulized 3 per cent solution of ephedrine sulfate U. S. P. Similar use of vaporized epinephrine U. S. P. and other bronchodilators was reported several years ago.2In the present experimental


ABSTRACT Professor Ho's team has raised three questions about our paper entitled 'On evolutionary economic geography: a literature review using bibliometric analysis' published in European Panning Studies. The first one is about the number of articles in our search results. The second one is about the databases we have used in the Web of Science system. In the last comment, Professor Ho suggests a new searching strategy – 'front page' rule. We have responded to those three comments one by one in this rejoinder.


Today, agile approach is arguably the most-widely-used project management method in software development industry. The dynamic nature of agile methods however is putting an overwhelming pressure on agile team members which in turn might negatively influence their overall agile wellbeing. Drawing on IT mindfulness as a theoretical foundation, this research-in-progress develops a conceptual model to examine the potential impact of agile mindfulness, in conjunction with agile identity, on the agile wellbeing of individuals in information system development projects. The findings of this research, upon completion, will contribute to IS literature by providing an evidencebased theoretical understanding of the relationship between agile mindfulness, agile identity, and agile wellbeing. The findings could also help agile teams to understand what improves agile wellbeing of team members, and in turn help them maintain, promote, and enhance it.


Three approaches for nonlinear control are compared; feedback linearization, generalized controller canonical forms, and input/output linearization. To establish a framework for comparison, the example of a shunt DC motor is studied. It was found that the conditions for applying the method of feedback linearization were not satisfied; the full 3D state-space system could not be linearized by state transformation. It was found that, after eliminating a state and therefore reducing the dimension from three to two, the system became feedback linearizable. In other words, the dynamics associated with the remaining two states could be linearized by change of coordinates and state feedback. A similar situation occurred with the input/output linearization, except that the dynamics that were linearized were those associated with the rotor position and velocity, while the remaining dynamics (associated with the field current) were made unobservable.<<ETX>>


This research was motivated by the important role of digital content production management at the Ketoprak Mataram RRI Programa 4 Yogyakarta event and how to implement health protocols during the pandemic. This paper aims to find out how to manage digital content production for the Mataram Ketoprak Show program and the application of health protocols during the production of the RRI Program 4 Yogyakarta Ketoprak Mataram Show program during the pandemic. The method used is a case study method while data collection techniques are carried out by in-depth interviews, observation, documentation, and archival recordings. The results showed that during the production process due to the pandemic, RRI Programa 4 Yogyakarta employees had succeeded in designing new strategies and concepts to continue to hold the Mataram Ketoprak Performance. They use the media in the form of Live Streaming via the YouTube platform @RRIJOGJAOFFICIAL. The production management model that is applied to the intended digital content can go through several stages, namely pre-production, production, and post-production. In addition, good health protocols have also been implemented properly to minimize the spread of COVID-19 virus transmission at all stages carried out during the production process. at the Ketoprak Mataram Program RRI Program 4 Yogyakarta has been implemented and implemented well, as well as the implementation of health protocols according to the standards that have been set during the pandemic.


This paper analyzed recurvature of typhoons by using 20 years meteorological data from 1992 to 2011. The results of this study are as follows. Yearly numbers of typhoon recurvature showed decreasing tendency gradually with decrease of numbers of typhoon occurrence. Typhoons recurvature were especially many between August and October and number of typhoon recurvature between July and October was occupied counts for 71 % of the whole typhoon recurvature. Life of typhoon recurvature in the North Pacific was most frequent at 5 days and 7 days. Mean life of typhoon recurvature was 6.8 days and this numerical value was longer than mean life of the whole typhoon including recuevatute and non-recurvature. Most of typhoons recurvature changed their direction north-eastwards in 20-34 degrees north latitude and 120-139 degrees east longitude. Mean latitude recurvature and longitude recurvature were 25 degrees north latitude and 135 degrees east longitude, respectively.


A decomposition of stability criteria for multicomponent controlled systems with and without nonlinearities is suggested. The result obtained in the form of frequency-domain inequalities allows the possibility for the design/analysis of components separately from one another. The approach is extended for estimating the capacity to oscillate. The method is illustrated by studying the connective stability of a frequency/active load control system for a multiplant power facility.<<ETX>>


The development of a CD4 T cell-dependent protective immune response against helminth parasites is a key achievement of the adaptive immune response. The generation of helminth specific Th2 cells is thought to occur mainly in the draining lymph node while the containment of infection is thought to be dependent on the migration of Th2 cells to mucosal sites such as the skin, lung and gut. We used our Helminth infection model (Nippostrongylus brasiliensis & IL4/GFP reporter mice) to investigate in which tissue and how CD4 Th2 cell immunity is generated. We used the drug FTY720 to block recirculation of T cells from lymph nodes to peripheral tissues and examined CD4+ memory T cell development in peripheral tissues following primary and secondary infection. Our studies identified that the lung is a key site for immune protection rather than the skin or gut, and that lung resident CD4+ memory T cells were necessary for the development of this protective response. Furthermore we show that the CD4+ T cells that mediate protection against reinfection with N. brasiliensis can be generated without cellular recruitment from the lymph node. We conclude that the lung is a key site for inducing and mediating protective immunity against tissue migrating Helminths such as hookworm.


In this digitalised world where every information is stored, the data a are growing exponentially. It is estimated that data are doubles itself every two years. Geospatial data are one of the prime contributors to the big data scenario. There are numerous tools of the big data analytics. But not all the big data analytics tools are capabilities to handle geospatial big data. In the present paper, it has been discussed about the recent two popular open source geospatial big data analytical tools i.e. SpatialHadoop and GeoSpark which can be used for analysis and process the geospatial big data in efficient manner. It has compared the architectural view of SpatialHadoop and GeoSpark. Through the architectural comparison, it has also summarised the merits and demerits of these tools according the execution times and volume of the data which has been used.


This follow‐up to 'The Congo is Back!' in the June issue of ROAPE (No. 72) focuses on the ADFL's (Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of the Congo) economic project and plans for reconstruction; Western and African governmental and private sector responses to the Congo's economic prospects; how Kabila's ongoing dispute with the UN over human rights abuses during the ADFL advance may affect these; and how civil society is faring in the new period.


Sparse representations provide a flexible and parsimonious description of high‐dimensional model parameters for reconstructing subsurface flow property distributions from limited data. To further constrain ill‐posed inverse problems, group‐sparsity regularization can take advantage of possible relations among the entries of unknown sparse parameters when: (i) groups of sparse elements are either collectively active or inactive and (ii) only a small subset of the groups is needed to approximate the parameters of interest. Since subsurface properties exhibit strong spatial connectivity patterns they may lead to sparse descriptions that satisfy the above conditions. When these conditions are established, a group‐sparsity regularization can be invoked to facilitate the solution of the resulting inverse problem by promoting sparsity across the groups. The proposed regularization penalizes the number of groups that are active without promoting sparsity within each group. Two implementations are presented in this paper: one based on the multiresolution tree structure of Wavelet decomposition, without a need for explicit prior models, and another learned from explicit prior model realizations using sparse principal component analysis (SPCA). In each case, the approach first classifies the parameters of the inverse problem into groups with specific connectivity features, and then takes advantage of the grouped structure to recover the relevant patterns in the solution from the flow data. Several numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the advantages of additional constraining power of group‐sparsity in solving ill‐posed subsurface model calibration problems.


Abstract A study was conducted to identify methods of achieving uniform flow distribution in compact irrigation splitter boxes over a wide range of flows but specifically operating at high flow rat...


The role of children in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the scope of pediatric illness has been examined since the start of the pandemic (NEJM JW Gen


A "cultivation prior to domestication", or a "pre-domestication cultivation" phase features in many reconstructions of Near Eastern plant domestication. Archaeobotanists who accept this notion search for evidence to support the assumption regarding a wild plant's cultivation phase, which in their view, preceded and eventually led to plant domestication. The presence of non-crop plant remains in the archaeobotanical record interpreted as arable weeds, i.e., weeds of cultivation, is viewed as a strong argument in support of the pre-domestication cultivation phase. Herein, we show that the simple practice of harvest by hand-pulling (uprooting) has the potential to secure an almost weed-free harvest. Indeed, rather clean (weed-free) Neolithic seed caches from a range of relevant sites were documented in archaeobotanical reports. These reports, alongside ethnographic observations suggest that (in certain cases) ancient harvest may have been carried out by selective hand-pulling. Hence, one has no reason to view archaeobotanical assemblages from occupation sites as fully representative of cultivated fields. Therefore, the concept of "arable—pre-domestication weeds", its logic, and its potential contribution to the prevailing reconstructions of Near Eastern plant domestication need be reconsidered.


A traditional understanding of monetary and institutional convergence related to the theory of optimum monetary zones (OMZ) is confined by several restraints. Firstly, it fails to allow for the condition of the monetary institutions, formal and informal alike. This type of the interpretation of convergence, which is more typical of the industrial stage, does not account for the changes which have taken place in the globalized information society. It regards convergence, above all, qualitatively as an aggregate and entirely mechanic phenomenon. Hence the idea of convergence is dissociated from reality, although it acquires certain possibilities to be gauged. This type of convergence fails to take into account the institutional characteristics and differences between individual eastern European countries, including Bulgaria. The sole yardstick to judge the efficiency of the monetary regime adopted is the extent it has served to meet the Maasricht criteria. The above weaknesses may be overcome in two ways: The first way involves considering the institutional aspects of the currency while looking at the entire framework of the i?½institutional monetary convergencei?½. The second approach involves adopting the model of institutional competition, or at least a partial institutional competition, between the monetary regimes of East European countries in the process of euro adoption (such as allowing the circulation of the euro alongside the national currency).


Background: Malnutrition and growth failure are major problems among children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). No single metric can describe their nutritional status; therefore, a series of indices and methods are required for evaluation.
Aim of the Work: Evaluation of the nutritional status of children with CKD using dietetic history, anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters and BIA.
Methods:  This case-control study was conducted on forty CKD children (stages 3-5) from those attending Pediatric Department, Tanta University Hospitals between March 2021 and February 2022 in comparison to forty healthy control children. All were subjected to: dietetic history, anthropometric measurements including (weight, height, body mass index, mid-arm circumference, skin fold thickness), BIA using TANITA Body Composition Analyzer MC-980 MA-N plus III device and laboratory investigations: (CBC, urea, creatinine, ABG, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, parathormone hormone, serum proteins, albumin and 24hrs urinary proteins).
Results: CKD children had significantly lower caloric intake and other nutrient consumption including protein, carbohydrate and fat intake (p < 0.05), significantly lower anthropometric measurements including weight, height, body mass index, skinfold thickness and mid-arm circumference than controls (p < 0.05) and significantly lower in BIA measurements including fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), total body water (TBW) and bone mass (BM) than controls. There was significant positive correlation between caloric intake and protein intake with FFM, MM, SMM, BM, TBW and BMR, also there was significant positive correlation between serum albumin and FFM, MM, SMM, BM and TBW in CKD patients.
Conclusions: CKD children had low caloric and protein intake, low body composition parameters, so good nutritional assessment and improvement of their nutritional status is very important. BIA could be used with dietary assessment and anthropometric measurements to achieve more accurate nutritional evaluation in CKD children.


Parenting can be hard enough, without having
to deal with anonymous criticism from strangers.
But sadly, too many people just can't resist having their say.
In the Latest example of mum-shaming to go viral,
a London mum got a Letter through her door from a woman
who signed herself just as Sheila, telling her off for taking her
child to nursery.
"It upsets me seeing your baby crying," the Letter said.
"You are always rushing to put it in the nursery.
You are not thinking about your baby, who doesn't want to be there,
and it is far too early for your baby to wake up".
It ended, "There is no point in having kids
for someone else to bring up".
Editor-in-chief of Netmums, Anne-Marie O'Leary, and psychologist Laverne Antrobus discuss.


The bottom-reflection loss is described by a "three parameters model," and the average field structure of the shallow homogeneous layer is calculated for the case k_0H1. As the main features of the bottom-reflection loss varying with the grazing angle can be described by the model, the previous work of Brekhovskih has been much improved. Our main results are as follows: (ⅰ) A new transition range r_1 is given to indicate the transition from the spherical field at near range to the waveguided field. (ⅱ) The second transition range r_2 given by Brekhovskih to indicate the transition from waveguided field to the leakaged field, is modified by a factor (1/sin~2 α~*). (ⅲ) An expression of the transmission anomaly at near range is given. Thus, an overall structure of the average field is obtained, and the effect of the bottom reflection on the structure of the average field is further clarified. Finally, the difference between the homogeneous layer and the isothermal layer is discussed, and the criterion is given.


Process for recovering ruthenium from a used catalyst containing ruthenium, ruthenium-containing as ruthenium oxide on a carrier material sparingly soluble in mineral acid, comprising the steps: a) the catalyst containing ruthenium oxide is treated in a hydrogen stream, wherein the ruthenium oxide present on the carrier is reduced to obtain metallic ruthenium; b) the reduced catalyst from step a) containing metallic ruthenium on the carrier material is treated with hydrochloric acid containing hydrogen chloride of 20-37% by weight, in the presence of air and at a temperature of 60 to 150 where air is introduced into the solution, wherein the metallic ruthenium present on the carrier is dissolved as ruthenium (III) chloride thus obtained as a solution of ruthenium (III) chloride; c) optionally the solution of ruthenium (III) of step b) is further processed.


ABSTRACT A pure strain of Microbacterium lacticum DJ-1 capable of anaer-obic biodegradation of ethylbenzene was isolated from soil contaminated with gasoline. Growth of the strain and biodegradation of ethylbenzene in batch cultures led to stoichiometric reduction of nitrate. M. lacticum DJ-1 could degrade 100 mg L−1 of ethylbenzene completely, with a maximum degradation rate of 15.02 ± 1.14 mg L−1 day−1. Increasing the initial concentration of ethy-lbenzene resulted in decreased degradative ability. The cell-specific growth rates on ethylbenzene conformed to the Haldane–Andrew model in the substrate level range of 10–150 mg L−1. Kinetic parameters were determined by nonlinear regression on specific growth rates and various initial substrate concentrat-ions, and the values of the maximum specific growth rate, half saturation constant, and inhibition constant were 0.71 day−1, 34.3 mg L−1, and 183.5 mg L−1, respectively. This is the first report of ethylbenzene biodegradation by a bacterium of Microbacterium lacticum under nitrate-reducing conditions.


The utility model provides a cyclone ultrafine disintegrating internal grader. A main structure comprises a feed port, a disintegrator with an air inlet, a grading machine on the upper part of which a same cavity body is arranged, a collector which is communicated with the discharge port of the grading machine, and a blower. The utility model is characterized in that a vortex slot is arranged on the corresponding inner wall of a rotor outer circle. The device integrates mechanical grinding, whirl self-grinding and airflow grinding. The utility model has the advantages of reasonable and compact structure, low cost, less comprehensive investment, high product grading precision, good quality, low noise, little pollution, high output, less energy consumption, and simple and convenient repair.


Managing shipment of goods to consumers is one of the central aspects of retail competition on the Internet. In this article, we use data from the Internet book retailing industry to analyze ̄rms' choices of shipping options. We discuss and test the implications of alternative theories on the relation between a ̄rm's product price, the quality of its shipping, and its shipping fee. We ̄nd that ̄rms with lower product prices o®er higher shipping qualities and lower shipping fees than ̄rms with higher product prices. Compared with perfect information models with product di®erentiation, models based on imperfect consumer information explain better the observed patterns. ¤We thank Aimee Chin, Adriana Kugler, Pedro Pereira, Roy Ru±n, Rebecca Thornton, and many others for comments, and especially Roger Sherman, for several useful conversations and suggestions. yCorresponding author. Department of Economics, 204 McElhinney Hall, Houston, TX 77204-5019. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com zDepartment of Economics, 204 McElhinney Hall, Houston, TX 77204-5019. E-mail: email@example.com


Missional Change: Beginning a Missional Transition in a Seventh-day Adventist Congregation Campbell S. Page Doctor of Ministry School of Theology, Fuller Theological Seminary 2013 The goal of this study is to reconnect God's mission with his church in a Seventhday Adventist context by providing a viable Seventh-day Adventist missional theology for being God's church to a postmodern Canadian context. The study argues that missional thinking is definitely biblical and also prevalent in the writings of Seventh-day Adventist pioneer, leader, and prophet, Ellen G. White. It maintains that missional thinking is in fact the predominant worldview through which White understood Jesus Christ and the gospel of the kingdom of God. It also explains that the present Seventhday Adventist Church is not functioning in line with God's mission to the world. This study contends that in order to follow both the mandate of Scripture and the mission God gave to the Seventh-day Adventist Church, the Church must return to functioning in a missional paradigm. Contemporary Christian authors are used to understand contemporary missional theology and also to inform a Seventh-day Adventist missional theology. This thesis was explored and implemented through a missional transition process in the New Life Seventh-day Adventist Church in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. The process was centered on a congregational study of Reggie McNeal's Present Future DVD series over a period of nine weeks. It also included the implementation of missional experiences in the community, as well as the formation of missional leaders and communities in the congregation. Overall, these components were successful in terms of the congregation beginning to establish, embrace, and embody missional principles in its everyday practices. This study concludes that missional theology offers Adventism perhaps its only viable lifestyle for making the reign of God visible to a postmodern and secular world. Returning to the missional roots of Adventism is the only way of truly fulfilling the unique mission God has given to the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Theological Mentor: Kurt Fredrickson, PhD Word Count: 297 To my wife, Colleen, who has always believed in me more than I believe in myself and encouraged me to reach higher and higher in my service to God. You are most certainly "the love of my life and the joy of my existence."


The continuous development of power system enlarges the power supply scale of power grid, so the security and stability of power grid are of crucial importance to normal power supply. Accordingly, higher requirements are also proposed for the power supply capacity of power system. At present, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) has been widely applied in many fields based on the continuous development of some intelligent technologies, such as wireless positioning technology, remote sensing technology, wireless data transmission technology, and image processing technology. Due to the advantages of small size, low energy consumption and easy control, UAV can be applied to the field of patrol inspection of power transmission lines. Combined with the specific requirements of transmission line inspection task, this study designs the intelligent ground monitoring system of UAV inspection. The design has good application value and broad application prospects and is of great significance for the realization of intelligent power system.


Gallegos also said Regent Policy 3.C[5] will guide the search. The board is scheduled to introduce a notice of motion at its meeting today to make slight modifications to three areas of that policy: adding a provision for two regents to cochair the search (which happened in the most recent presidential search); more clearly articulating the attributes and role of community members on a search committee; and allowing for the release of certain demographic data on candidates while also maintaining confidentiality of the pool. The motion will proceed through the ordinary governance process, with input from shared governance groups before any changes are formalized.


Standardization of the content of integrated reporting is aimed at providing economic entities with complete information on various environmental, social and management indicators. The main benefit of integrated reporting is that it enables management to better understand and manage multiple value changes and make better decisions. An analysis of the history of the development of integrated reporting allows us to conclude that it is necessary to form not only financial statements, but also to draw up integrated reporting, which, without fail, at the present stage of development of the world community, includes information on ensuring the sustainable development of an economic entity.


Abstract This paper contains a theoretical interpretation of the wavenumber spectra of wind and temperature obtained from an analysis of data from over 6900 flights during the Global Atmospheric Sampling Program. The spectra cover scales ranging from 3 km to nearly 10 000 km. Major features of the observed spectra are found to be in general agreement with expectations from theoretical models of quasi two-dimensional turbulence. Kinetic energy spectra are remarkably universal, and temperature spectra adjust as required for equipartition between the two horizontal components of kinetic energy and potential energy. The observed wavenumber spectra agree closely in magnitude and shape with frequency spectra obtained independently, and this agreement supports the validity of the Taylor transformation; conversely, because the Taylor transformation works, it suggests the disturbances are turbulence rather than dispersive waves. The GASP spectra are compared in a general way with recently proposed internal wave sp...


Based on the ab initio density functional theory we study the influence of many-body effects on the quasiparticle QP band structures and optical absorption spectra of highly ionic crystals. Quasiparticle shifts and electron-hole interaction are studied within the GW approximation. In addition to the electronic screening the effect of the lattice polarizability is discussed in detail. Substantial effects are observed for QP bands of AlN and NaCl that have large polaron constants of 1–2. The effect of electronic and lattice polarization on the optical spectra is discussed in terms of dynamical screening and vertex corrections. The results are critically discussed in the light of experimental data available. We find that measured peak positions can be reproduced without lattice polarizability in the screening of the electron-hole interaction and a reduced lattice contribution to the QP shifts.


One of problems that can increase the risk of forest fire occurrences in Indonesia is drought which is affected by weather conditions. Therefore, weather conditions and forest fire are strongly related. Spatial colocation pattern can be applied to identify the weather conditions that are vulnerable to fires based on the distance between weather observation points and hotspot occurrences. The purpose of this study is to apply the colocation miner algorithm on the weather and hotspot data in Rokan Hilir Riau Indonesia and to analyze the generated co-location patterns. Experimental results show that precipitation which co-located with hotspot occurrences are 0.08–6.69 mm/day. In addition, the temperature which co-located with hotspot occurrences are 22°C–29.17°C. Inside the intervals, hotspots will occur in the radius of 9.724 km from the precipitation and temperature observation points. In 2008, many hotspots were found on the three areas in the study area with the average of precipitation around 3.65–3.71 mm/day and temperature around 24.44°C–25.23°C.


In this paper we develop an agent-based model of conspicuous consumption built on well-established social behaviors. The process of preference formation, based on imitation and differentiation under cognitive limitations, endogenously generates class-specific consumption profiles. Considering consumption as competition among households to obtain social recognition, we find that low levels of 'social competition' increases individual well-being. According to the model, public policies, when aiming to reduce income inequality, are efficient for increasing 'subjective well-being' in the economy, however, well-being improvements are low when demonstration effect and consumption standards are high.


Pleurotus florida is an edible mushroom with high quality of proteins, fiber, vitamins and minerals. The cultivation of Pleurotus florida using different substrates provides a comparative assessment of its nutritive values. The mushroom grown on paddy straw shows high amount of carbohydrate and protein content as compared to sugarcane base substrate.


ABSTRACT Background: Substance use is significantly more prevalent among the homeless, compared to the general population. However, the risk and protective factors for substance abuse among homeless population have not been well defined. Objectives: We examined risk and protective factors for substance abuse among homeless in Tehran. Methods: A total of 193 homeless people from Tehran were interviewed during the autumn 2015 about substance and alcohol use and other social factors associated with drug use disorders. A binary logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between substance abuse and a set of predictive variables. Results: Prevalence of drug abuse was 61.14% (95% CI: 55.20, 68.8). The most frequent used drugs were recognized to be: heroin, methamphetamine, and opium with prevalence rates of 51.54%, 36.08%, and 16.49%, respectively. Having a stronger social network and being married were of protective factors, while smoking and having history of incarceration turned out to be the risk factors for substance abuse among Iranian homeless people. Conclusion: Results suggested that risk and protective factors may be substantial mechanisms by which to improve substance abuse consequences and apply better contextualize prevention as well as planning early intervention policies for the homeless men.


tag=1 data=Republican boomerang. by Kerry-Anne Walsh

tag=2 data=Walsh, Kerry-Anne

tag=3 data=The Bulletin,

tag=4 data=115

tag=5 data=5892

tag=6 data=19 October 1993

tag=7 data=16-18.

tag=8 data=CONSTITUTION

tag=10 data=Having launched their campaigns, the politicians now face a dangerous rebound of public sympathy. Charting the path of the constitutional debate.

tag=11 data=1993/5/11

tag=12 data=93/0657

tag=13 data=CAB


Aiming at the problems of low mechanism precision, large motion inertia, and ease of secondary patient damage in the elbow joint rehabilitation robot, an exoskeleton parallel robot that can realize two degrees of freedom (2-PRR-S) motion of the elbow joint is designed. First, use Solidworks to complete the design and modeling of each component, and use ANSYS to perform finite element analysis on some important components to check the strength of the components. Finally, Adams is used to performing kinematic analysis in order to verify the kinematic properties of the forearm support, and the check analysis of the whole mechanism's kinematic properties is completed. The simulation results show that the designed elbow joint rehabilitation robot meets the design requirements.


The invention is applicable to the field of resistive touch screens, and provides a method, a system and a mobile terminal for scaling pictures. The system comprises a detection unit and a picture scaling control unit, wherein the picture scaling control unit is used for controlling the scaling of the displayed pictures of the resistive touch screen according to the touch resistance detected by the detection unit. In the invention, the method controls the scaling of the displayed pictures of the resistive touch screen by using the touch resistance reflecting the magnitude of pressure borne by the resistive touch screen, and then a voltage-sensitive sensor does not need to be provided so as to reduce the cost of the resistive touch screen.


The influence of Bi doping on the charge carrier transport mechanism in GST225 thin films was investigated. The three regions with different current-voltage dependencies were established. The energy diagrams for Bi doped GST225 thin films for different regions were analyzed. Analysis of experimental data showed that space charge limited current is the most possible explanation for the nonlinear I-V dependence in the middle electrical field strength (103 < E < 104 V/cm). Position of the trap levels (Et) controlling transport mechanism, and density of traps (Nt) were estimated with using of Rose and Lampert theories. It was established that Bi doping can significantly change I-V characteristic, resistivity, mobility gap, Urbach energy, density distribution of localized states, and activation energy of conductivity. The most pronounced modification of current-voltage characteristic and parameters of the thin films was established for GST225 + 0,5 wt. % Bi. Thus, doping of Ge2Sb2Te5 by Bi expands the range of material properties, which is important for the optimization of PCM technology.


By analyzing the effect of using biodiesel,we can conclude that biodiesel is of great benefit to the environment in producing lower CO 2 and nearly all of the other engine emissions,less polluting the water and soil,increasing the virescence area.At the same time,developing our naˉtion's biodiesel industry can bring much benefit to our nation's economy:settle the problem of the lacking of energy sources,buildup the country's petroleum security,adjust the structure of the aˉgriculture,stimulate the development of oil plants forestry,transform the waste oil of tables to safeˉguard people's health,add the income of farmers and the township business,promote the explore of the West,increase the employment.


resulted in increased indole disappearance. The omission of pyridoxal phosphate also markedly reduced the extent of indole disappearance. L-Serine rather than D-serine appeared to be involved in the coupling reaction. Glycine, threonine, homoserine, cysteine, alanine and glycolate were all unable to substitute for serine. pH dependence was studied in 3 different buffer systems. The overall results suggest low activity below pH 7, a sharp increase starting somewhere between 6.5 and 7, and a leveling-off somewhere near 8 or 8.5. Indole disappearance progressed at a constantly decreasing rate during the 100 minute incubation period studied. Expanded pea leaves also yielded active extracts. Preparations from stems, root tips, pods, and developing seeds, as well as plants other than the pea, did not promote serine-dependent indole disappearance. The results with pea cotyledons were uncertain. The tryptophan synthetase of pea buds appears to be very labile, and it is believed that the observed lack of activity in extracts of other plants may be partly attributable to enzyme lability. Chromatographic evidence suggests that in the pea bud system, the product of serine-dependent indole disappearance is tryptophan. It is concluded that pea bud extracts contain an enzyme analogous to tryptophan synthetase in microorganisms, and that tryptophan synthesis in the pea plant probably follows the same pathway as in microorganisms.


Under the construction of the new-type power system, fully exploiting the adjustment potential of demand-side flexible resources and injecting vitality into the auxiliary service market is a key measure to achieve the energy strategic goal. This study mainly analyzes the key mechanisms for distributed energy resources to participate in the peak-regulation service market. First of all, the types and access conditions of distributed resources, the transaction varieties in the peak-regulation auxiliary service market in different provinces are summarized. Then, different transaction organization methods and key transaction mechanisms for distributed resources to participate in the peak-regulation service market are introduced. Finally, an outlook on the participation of distributed resources in the peak-regulation service market is provided.


The structure of hydro-pneumatic spring of heavy vehicle was introduced.The mathematical models of the nonlinear damping and single-wheel two DOF vibration were built for the hydro-pneumatic suspension system.On this basis,the two DOF vibration simulation model of single-wheel hydro-pneumatic suspension system was built with AMESim.The influences of changing the orifice area of damping on the body of vehicle were analyzed.The results show that the orifice area has a great influence on vibration attenuation and shock of vehicle body.So a reasonable design of the orifice diameter can effectively improve the ride comfort of vehicle.


The opportunity for measurement of X-ray spectra with the help of carbon nanotubes cathode was realized. The K/spl alpha/-spectra of the carbon, which was transferred on the copper anode as a result of field emission from cathodes containing multiwall and single-wall carbon nanotubes, was obtained. The carbon materials were found to consist from graphite-like particles. The spectrum of carbon material produced at the destruction of the cathode from single-wall nanotubes showed an enhanced intensity in the short-wave region that is indicative of stronger localization of x-electrons. The reason of such localization is likely to be due to the small size of the transferred particles.


This paper presents an exploration approach for the researcher to choose the suitable size of scratch-pad memory (SPM) for maximal performance improvement of a specified application. The approach uses an extended control flow graph (ECFG) to describe the application and provides a solution to reduce the additional overhead of moving nodes to SPM. Experiments achieves on average 11% increase in performance compared to the previous approaches and 44% decrease in the application's runtime compared to no SPM environment.


Ayu', Plecoglossus altivelis is the most prized freshwater fish in Japan after eel. However, culture of this species is not wide spread compared to other freshwater or marine fishes. This is probably due to the complex life cycle of this species


The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of taraxerone in non-small cell lung cancer cells (A-549). The effect of this compound on apoptosis and cellular morphology was also studied. MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to evaluate the effect of the compound on cell viability. Cellular morphology after taraxerone treatment was demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that taraxerone induced dose-dependent as well as time-dependent growth inhibitory effects on A-549 cell line showing an IC 50 value of 53.2 and 61.6 µM at 24 hours and 48 hours time intervals respectively. It also inhibited cancer cell colony formation in a dose-dependent manner and around 90% of the cancer cells were destroyed by the 125 µM dose of taraxerone treatment. Taraxerone also induced cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and nuclear membrane rupture which are characteristic of apoptosis.


Marker-assisted technologies in the field of plant biotechnology have attracted great interest of scientists seeking to determine the genetic variety and improve specific characteristics of species. Among several types, molecular markers hold great promise due to their high efficiency, adequate accuracy, and good reproducibility. This review aimed to present different molecular markers used in genetic biodiversity studies of common food plants, including potato, corn, and tomato.
We presented some of the most frequent molecular markers in terms of their methodologies, advantages, challenges, and applications. We also reviewed the latest advances in the genetic diversity studies of common food plants that contribute to agricultural activities.
According to latest progress, Simple Sequence Repeats, Sequence Characterized Amplified Region, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism are the most common molecular markers in plant diversity studies due to their co-dominancy, high level of polymorphism, great reproducibility, and adequate specificity. Considering common food plants like potato, corn, and tomato, Simple Sequence Repeats and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms provide detailed information about polymorphisms, resistance to pathogens or diseases, genome maps, and population dynamics. However, more research should be conducted to apply the latest and more efficient technologies, such as Next Generation Sequencing, Diversity Array Technologies, and omics, to the genetic diversity studies of plant species.
Within the scope of recent progress, this review has a strong potential in providing relevant material for further research. It can serve as a guide to adopt the latest and most efficient sequencing platforms for examining various plant species, primarily potato, corn, and tomato.


Purpose: the task of scientific research is to determine legal methods to avoid the bankruptcy of aviation enterprises. Particularly, the article deals with the process of bail-out before the initiation of a bankruptcy case as one of the effective measures to avoid insolvent debtor of the aviation enterprises. Methods: comparative and systemic methods for disclosing the restructuring of aviation enterprises. Discussion: it was estimated that the most effective ways to avoid bankruptcy of the aviation enterprise are the bail-out of the debtor before the initiation of a bankruptcy case. The bail-out procedure is a system of measures to restore the debtor's solvency, which can be carried out by the founders of the debtor's company (participating partners and shareholders), owner of debtor's property (the body authorized to manage the property), the debtor's lender, other persons for the purpose to avoid bankruptcy of the debtor by taking organizational, economic, managerial, investment, technical, financial, economic, legal measures in accordance with the law until the violation of the laws in the case of bankruptcy.


As technology is enhanced different MANET devices are introduced with more mobility which in turn consumes more battery power. Energy optimisation is a basic necessity to evaluate the battery power consumption in the MANET networks. In previous research some energy efficient protocols like EPAR, MTPR etc are already available which reduces battery power consumption up to 20% only. Still there is a limitation of energy efficiency. EPAR Protocol reduces power consumption by selecting routes with more packet capacity and less energy consuming. We introduce the proposed EPAR Protocol which reduces power consumption up to 40% and increases the network lifetime. EPAR protocol has the limitation of network rescanning during link failure. Therefore proposed EPAR with implementation of Adaptive Ant colony optimization is introduced which provides alternative path in case of link failure. Proposed EPAR protocol gives better results for every parameter like delay, throughput, network load, jitter etc. Power saving is the urgent need of mobile adhoc networks to scale back gap between the power consumption needs and power accessibility.


In this paper, we describe our systems and report our results for the CHiME-5 single-array track. We focus on front-end multi-channel speech processing, including beamforming and dereverberation. To address the complexity of the data and recording scenario, we use multiple beamformers where each beamformer targets at a predefined direction. N-Best lists are obtained from decoding each beamformed signal. These multiple N-best lists are further processed by ROVER to get the final result. Before beamforming, a multi-channel generalized weighted prediction error method is adopted to do the dereverberation. Comparing with the official baseline system, CNNTDNN-F shows significant improvement. In language modeling, LSTM-based language model re-scoring generates additional improvement. Without system fusion, our single system can get 14.4% relative word error rate reduction on development set over the baseline system.


AbstractEnergy dissipation due to tire rolling resistance has been widely recognized as a major component of vehicle energy loss and greenhouse gas emission. The objective of this study is to evalu...


Differential amplifiers are widely used for their ability to reject common-mode noise. The differential amplifier may be implemented using BJTs and MOSFETs. It is a commonly used building block in analog IC design.In this research work, the differential amplifier has been designed with Parallel-Gate (PG) MOSFET. To explain this model, first, the basic differential amplifier has been discussed, and after that, it has been structured with PG MOSFET.To analyze this differential amplifier a signal conditioning unit has been used and set at V i1 = V i2 = 3.05 V, 4.05 V, and 5.0 V dc and current mirror circuit atcurrent2 mA to measure the ac differential voltage gain (V o1 − V o2 )/ (V i1 − V i2 ). Due to two transistor the hamming / noise canceled each other, and a clear output signal can be achieved.


Background : This study was carried out to detect the distribution of Streptococcus mutans with dental caries in Iraqi's patient samples. Out of 100 patient's samples only (22) with age (3-17) years old were found to be effected with Streptococcus mutans . DNA was extracted amplified by Gradient PCR and then sequenced. vicR was showed highly conserved with no mutation while vicK showed that these were silent mutation and four isolates have missense mutation from eight isolate. Material & Method : In this study, 22 from clinical S. mutans strains were isolated from caries- children to sequence the vicR, vicK and 16s rRNA genes. Genomic DNA was extracted from S. mutans strains and amplified using Gradient PCR. The PCR products were purified and then sequenced. Result : The molecular study include vicR , vicK and 16S rRNA, genes by Gradient PCR. The result of sequencing appear that no mutation in vicR genes, although in 16S rRNA present transion and tranvesion mutation . Finally the sequencing of vicK gene appear silent mutation and four isolates have missense mutation from eight Conclusion the result of molecular study of vicR gene were appear no mutation in all isolates while 16S rRNA although have transition and transvertion mutation, the Sequence of vicK gene that note more of mutation was silent mutation but some of them was missense mutation.


There has been considerable discussion of the role of standards in the field of simulation. However, when one examines the areas of application and methodology employed in simulation studies, one might seriously question whether simulation is a unified field amenable to standardization at all. Likewise, when one examines the education and other background of those who consider themselves simulation professionals, relatively little commonality is found. Even textbooks on simulation tend to fragment the discipline. This paper propounds the twin theses that there is a common body of knowledge amenable to standardization which is called simulation, but that before these standards can be formulated and implemented, there must be standards for the preparation of simulation professionals themselves. A set of possible standards for preparing modelers is presented.


In the universe Industrial growth and improvement plays a vital role to make progress. Industrialization helps to improve the standard, the National Income and reduce poverty and unemployment problem. In IndiaIndustrialization plays a leading role to developed the country. This paper tries to analyzed the role ofBuldhana  MIDC in the Industrial development. Primary and secondary data are used to give the inference. It tries to identify and remedies over the sickness of the units. By doing  proper study of the units and taking educate measure we can  eliminate the problem of sickness and the country will look forward to make stringent industrial progress.


This paper summarizes the basic properties of a series of rare-earth zirconate ceramics (Gd2Zr2O7, Sm2Zr2O7, Dy2Zr2O7, Er2Zr2O7 and Yb2Zr2O7). The phases and microstructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal properties of these materials were determined. The results indicated that Sm2Zr2O7 rare-earth zirconate ceramics have the lower thermal conductivity and the highest thermal expansion coefficient than other rare-earth zirconate ceramics. The dielectric constant decreases with the increase of atomic number.


primarily in the writings of management intellectuals. The techniques of scientific management, not its ideological underpinnings, were the usual focus of attention. During the period studied, firms faced demands for increased efficiency and other pressures that sometimes required specific organizing principles; workers were willing to work under "unfair" or ideologically inconsistent rules in exchange for high wages or non-pecuniary rewards. Across the countries examined in this book, it appears that participants did not require the factory to work the way they believed the world worked. That is, work did not have to reflect ideology. While technological determinism is not the whole story, it is clearly part of the story. My second reservation may reflect my loyalty to the structural analysis school. In my opinion, the book does not adequately address the impact of differences in industry distribution across countries. Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany had very different industrial foci during the period studied. Given varying internal and external pressures on industries, we would expect differences in the choice of management systems and the timing of the introduction of those systems. Since industry type is closely linked to some of the issues studied, such as labor structure and attitude, we are left wondering how much of the effect is actually attributable to the forces described in the cases and how much is attributable to the more basic industry structure variable. In Appendix C, Guillen addresses this issue briefly with an examination of differences in management systems across industries in the United States between 1935 and 1946. His finding that significant differences did exist suggests that a clearer outline of national industrial structures would likely have enriched the cases and made the causal links clearer. Perhaps that will be a topic for further work by Professor Guillen.