RIOR TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANTILEUP kemic and antitumor effects of the enzyme Lasparaginase, no qualitative differences in nutritional requirements between cancer and normal cells were known, and there were no chemotherapeutic agents which were qualitatively specific for any type of cancer cell. The present clinical studies on L-asparaginase stem from the discovery of Kidd,21 in 1953, that injections of guinea pig serumbut not of sera from other species-inhibited the growth of Iymphoma in mice. Independently, Neuman and McCoy23 demonstrated that cells of the rat tumor Walker 256 would not grow in tissue culture medium without asparagine. Similarly, in studies from 1958 to 1961, Fischer et al.15 and Haley et a1.18 showed that cells of the transplanted mouse leukemia L5178Y would not grow in culture medium devoid of glutamine or asparagine. These independent and apparently unconnected findings assumed significance when Broome noticed an earlier report. by Clementi,lO in 1922, which stated that guinea pig serum, in contrast to the sera of other species, contained the enzyme L-asparaginase (Aase). By fractionating guinea pig serum and studying the fractions for both antileukemic and A-ase activities, Broome,3.4 in 1961, was able to prove that the 2 were identical. Despite the fact that A-ase had been proven to be the active antileukemic factor in guinea pig serum, the problems of supplies sufficient for clinical work were still enormous. At the time of Kidd's original discovery, Karnofsky20 had calculated that to treat a patient with comparable dosage would require approximately 2 to 6 liters of guinea pig serum daily, which immediately relegated this form of treatment to a scientific curiosity rather than a practicality. The discovery by Mashburn and Wriston,22 in 1964, however, that an asparaginase with antileukemic activity could be recovered from Escherichia coli opened


: Frequent high quantity overflows of combined sewage entering the Mississippi River near the city of Red Wing, Minnesota, have degraded water quality and caused concern among federal and state environmental agencies. The city of Red Wing was required to conduct a comprehensive waste control study, as part of the sewer system Construction Grant (Section 201 of PL 92–500), to identify alternative waste control and treatment measures and to recommend the optimum combination of alternatives in terms of both cost and waste control effectiveness. The study involved these basic steps: determination of present and future (year 2020) sanitary flow rates and volumes, storm runoff discharges, frequencies and volumes, and combined sewage bypass volumes; identification of alternative waste control measures; elimination of unfeasible alternatives; detailed analysis of the hydrologic, economic, and waste control feasibility of the promising alternatives; selection of the optimum combination of alternative waste control measures to satisfy the study objectives, and determination of construction priorities for the optimum control measures. Because of an uncertain budget and undetermined conditions of state and federal assistance, the city has not yet selected the optimum waste control measure for its needs. When the decisionmaking process between representatives of the city and the state commences, the optimum combination of waste control alternatives can be easily identified using the results of this study.


Both condition monitoring and fault diagnosis are the key process in the Condition-based Maintenance (CM) for hydroelectric equipment .The artificial neural network (ANN) has more superiority in fault diagnosis . In this paper , the method of the neural network based on BP(back propagation) algorithm has been studied to diagnose fault in main equipment of turbine and generator units. The method proved to be effective in application of it in fault diagnosis for generator sets .


We address the question of whether the quality of corporate values contribute significantly to improve the stock performance of banks listed on emerging stock markets in six Latin-American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru and Mexico). The corporate values analyzed are ethics, corporate governance, social responsibility, sustainability, and transparency. Stock performance is evaluated considering stock volatility, liquidity, and abnormal stock returns. The research design involves linear cross-section multiple regressions where the dependent variable is stock performance and the explanatory variables are corporate values, together with a set of control variables. We show that corporate values as a single average index show a negative relationship with stock return volatility, as expected. Individually, ethics, social responsibility, sustainability and transparency also show negative relationships with stock volatility, whereas corporate governance does not. We also find that ethics reduces liquidity and that there is no significant relationship between the corporate values studied and stock abnormal returns.


Abstract : For the Communications Systems Network Interoperability (CSNI) project two different protocols were implemented for the SATCOM subnetworks. The United Kingdom developed a TDMA/Token Ring protocol for SHF SATCOM subnetwork, and the United States developed a Reservation Protocol for UHF SATCOM subnetwork. The U.K. provided two versions of their protocol. One version supports a multiple member subnetwork and is used with the WESTLANT DSCS satellite. Canada, Shape Technical Centre (STC), U.K., and the U.S. formed the members of this subnetwork. The link data rate for this subnetwork is 56 kbps. The second version supports a point-to-point connection and is used with the NATO IV satellite. There are three SHF point-to-point links: STC-Netherlands, STC-Germany, and U.K.-Germany. All the point-to-point links support a link data rate of 64 kbps. There are two UHF SATCOM subnetworks. Both use the same reservation protocol. One subnetwork uses the FLTSAT7 satellite and consists of three nodes: Canada, U.S. at NRaD, and U.S. at NRL. The second subnetwork u1 or 8 satellite and consists of five nodes: Canada, three nodes in the U.K., and the U.S. at NRL. The link data rate for both subnetworks is 9.6 kbps. All the designs adhere to the CSM SNAC External Interface Specification which allows any CSNI subnetwork to attach to any participating CSNI intermediate system. This paper discusses the protocols and how the software is implemented. A discussion of over the air test results is also provided.


This article analyses the use of dilatometry to assess the durability of load-bearing clay brick masonry in a century home in Toronto (Canada). The building had recently undergone the addition of medium density closed-cell polyurethane spray-applied foam insulation on all interior sides of the exterior clay brick load-bearing walls, increasing the insulating value in areas to RSI 7.9 m2K/W, on average, from the original RSI 0.5 m2K/W, on average. The critical moisture content (saturation degree) of representative samples from the building were compared with values obtained from frost dilatometry testing. The later indicate critical moisture content for freeze–thaw. The frost dilatometry method was furthered by studying three-dimensional testing, rather than the traditional two-dimensional approach. The results showed the brick masonry in the study building are at a relatively low risk of freeze–thaw damage thanks to good resistance of freeze–thaw of the subject brick masonry and low wetting potential of the brick masonry on site. This further strengthens the need for good water shedding characteristics.


"Visllani visllacuni" the Quechua expression in the title means "what did they serve with these spoons?" Th is study examines locally made spoons in distinct shapes and sizes from excavations at the site of Conchopata, Ayacucho, in order to understand how spoons were used in daily practice. Notable patterns of production, circulation and consumption strongly suggest that spoons can both reveal domestic and ritual behaviors which have not previously been addressed in the literature. Spoons are not generally examined as luxury goods or as objects with symbolic dimensions, yet during the early Huari Empire (AD 550-1000) in the central Andean Valley of Ayacucho spoons were excavated not only from expected domestic areas, but from a variety of contexts. Th ree spoon sizes are identifi ed. In this essay, I focus on the provenience, design and modeling of the smallest size category. Although spoons had a practical use they also had symbolic signifi cance that transcended life and is expressed in their association with the dead, and associated rituals.


The reasons of impossibility of creation of the theory of phase transitions of first sort on the basis of statistical methods are analyzed. Possibility of creation of the theory of phase transitions of the first and second sort on basis of the molecular and photon theory offered by authors in previous articles is shown. It is shown that in phase transitions two mechanisms work. First, weakening of intermolecular interaction at expense of "photon field" formed by thermal photons circulating between molecules. Secondly, reorganization of electronic molecular orbitals at coincidence of energy of thermal photons and power education levels of steady molecular orbitals of electrons. Distinctions of processes of melting of crystals and amorphous bodies are explained by that when melting crystals destruction of communications happens at a certain temperature (energy of thermal photons) since energy of communications in a crystal has a certain level. In amorphous bodies because of a chaotic structure energy of communications between molecules has dispersion and therefore melting happens not at fixed temperature, and in some interval of temperatures. It is shown that hidden warmth of melting is that part of energy of thermal photons which is necessary accumulates in substance for easing of potential energy of communications of molecules. Weakening of intermolecular communications also gives necessary freedom of motion of the molecules relatively each other as it is inherent in liquids.


Proteins are biological macromolecules playing essential roles in all living organisms. Proteins often bind with each other forming complexes to fulfill their function. Such protein complexes assemble along an ordered pathway. An assembled protein complex can often be divided into structural and functional modules. Knowing the order of assembly and the modules of a protein complex is important to understand biological processes and treat diseases related to misassembly. Typical structures of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) contain two to three subunits and a few thousand atoms. Recent developments have led to large protein complexes being resolved. The increasing number and size of the protein complexes demand for computational assistance for the visualization and analysis. One such large protein complex is respiratory complex I accounting for 45 subunits in Homo sapiens. Complex I is a well understood protein complex that served as case study to validate our methods. Our aim was to analyze time-resolved Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation data, identify modules of a protein complex and generate hypotheses for the assembly pathway of a protein complex. For that purpose, we abstracted the topology of protein complexes to Complex Graphs of the Protein Topology Graph Library (PTGL). The subunits are represented as vertices, and spatial contacts as edges. The edges are weighted with the number of contacts based on a distance threshold. This allowed us to apply graph-theoretic methods to visualize and analyze protein complexes. We extended the implementations of two methods to achieve a computation of Complex Graphs in feasible runtimes. The first method skipped checks for contacts using the information which residues are sequential neighbors. We extended the method to protein complexes and structures containing ligands. The second method introduced spheres encompassing all atoms of a subunit and skipped the check for contacts if the corresponding spheres do not overlap. Both methods combined allowed skipping up to 93 % of the checks for contacts for sample complexes of 40 subunits compared to up to 10 % of the previous implementation. We showed that the runtime of the combined method scaled linearly with the number of atoms compared to a non-linear scaling of the previous implementation We implemented a third method fixing the assignment of an orientation to secondary structure elements. We placed a three-dimensional vector in each secondary structure element and computed the angle between secondary structure elements to assign an orientation. This method sped up the runtime especially for large structures, such as the capsid of human immunodeficiency virus, for which the runtime decreased from 43 to less than 9 hours. The feasible runtimes allowed us to investigate two data sets of MD trajectories of respiratory complex I of Thermus thermophilus that we received. The data sets differ only by whether ubiquinone is bound to the complex. We implemented a pipeline, PTGLdynamics, to compute the contacts and Complex Graphs for all time steps of the trajectories. We investigated different methods to track changes of contacts during the simulation and created a heat map put onto the three-dimensional structure visualizing the changes. We also created line plots to visualize the changes of contacts over the course of the simulation. Both visualizations helped spotting outstandingly flexible or rigid regions of the structure or time points of the simulation in which major dynamics occur. We introduced normalizations of the edge weights of Complex Graphs for identi-fying modules and predicting the assembly pathway. The idea is to normalize the number of contacts for the number of residues of a subunit. We defined five different normalizations. To identify structural and functional modules, we applied the Leiden graph clustering algorithm to the Complex Graphs of respiratory complex I and the respiratory supercomplex. We examined the results for the different normalizations of the weights of the Complex Graphs. The absolute edge weight produced the best result identifying three of four modules that have been defined in the literature for respiratory complex I. We applied agglomerative hierarchical clustering to the edges of a Complex Graph to create hypotheses of the assembly pathway. The rationale was that subunits with an extensive interface in the final structure assemble early. We tested our method against two existing methods on a data set of 21 proteins with reported assembly pathways. Our prediction outperformed the other methods and ran in feasible runtimes of a few minutes at most. We also tested our method on respiratory complex I, the respiratory supercomplex and the respiratory megacomplex. We compared the results for the different normalizations with an assembly pathway of respiratory complex I described in the literature. We transformed the assembly pathways to dendrograms and compared the predictions to the reference using the Robinson-Foulds distance and clustering information distance. We analyzed the landscape of the clustering information distance by generating random dendrograms and showed that our result is far better than expected at random. We showed in a detailed analysis that the assembly prediction using one normalization was able to capture key features of the assembly pathway that has been proposed in the literature. In conclusion, we presented different applications of graph theory to automatically analyze the topology of protein complexes. Our programs run in feasible runtimes even for large complexes. We showed that graph-theoretic modeling of the protein structure can be used to analyze MD simulation data, identify modules of protein complexes and predict assembly pathways.


Background The relationship between insight and suicidal behavior among psychotic patients is poorly studied and possibly mediated by clinical variables. Objectives Our goal was to investigate clinical differences in suicidal and non-suicidal delusional disorder (DD) patients, and to evaluate the relationship between insight, psychotic and depressive symptoms. Methods Cross-sectional study in 64 consecutive DD patients. For assessment, we used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17), the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and the first three items of the SUMD scale for insight. The sample was divided according to the presence of suicide attempts. To investigate psychopathological associations, bivariate correlation coefficients were used. Age at onset served as covariate in subsequent analyses. Results Suicidal DD patients had higher depressive symptoms and were more frequently admitted than non-suicidal patients. A logistic regression model confirmed that insight, depressive symptoms and age at onset were predictors of suicidal behavior. Unawareness of the effects of medication was negatively related to depressive symptoms. After adjustment, depressive symptoms were weakly correlated to better insight into the effects of medication. No other statistically significant correlations were found. Discussion Depressive symptoms, insight and age at onset of disease may be potential predictors of suicidal behavior in DD patients.


Abstract A family of Euler sums is investigated that adds a new important class to the vast literature of existing knowledge of representation of Euler sums in terms of well-known special functions such as the Riemann zeta and Dirichet beta functions. Some examples are given to highlight the obtained theorems.


The effects produced in the relative displacement and average strain, whose exact estimation is indispensable for earthquake-resistant design of pipeline structures, are investigated, when the distortion of seismic waves is also taken into consideration as well as their propagation. As one reason for wave distortion a dispersive wave such as Love wave is considered. This wave is assumed as a stationary wave with respect to both time and place having the same power spectral density function at every location. The spectra of the relative displacement and average strain are formulated, and their characteristics (predominant frequency and r. m. s. value) are examined. Then, by means of simulation technique of propagating dispersive waves, the analytical results are proved.


Results for the diffusion coefficient of the hydrogen ion in aqueous solutions of the chlorides, bromides and iodides of sodium and potassium, and tetrabutylammonium bromide obtained from polarography using the modified form of the Ilkovic equation with A= 17 are compared with those determined by the porous diaphragm cell.The different results obtained by Woolf (using the diaphragm cell method) appear to be due to partially immobilized layers of water in the pores of the sintered glass diaphragm.


Photomechanical materials exhibit mechanical motion in response to light as an external stimulus. They have attracted much attention because they can convert light energy directly to mechanical energy, and their motions can be controlled without any physical contact. This review paper introduces the photomechanical motions of photoresponsive molecular crystals, especially bending and twisting behaviors, from the viewpoint of symmetry breaking. The bending (right–left symmetry breaking) and twisting (chiral symmetry breaking) of photomechanical crystals are based on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors like molecular orientation in the crystal and illumination conditions. The ability to design and control this symmetry breaking will be vital for generating new science and new technological applications for organic crystalline materials.


Matthews, S. "Colonised Minds? Post-development Theory and the Desirability of Development in Africa." Third World Quarterly (2017). http://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.201 7.1279540 When the above article was first published online, information was transposed from Notes 21 and 25 into the main text in error. This has now been corrected in both the print and online versions, by removing the information from the main text and inserting it into the relevant places in Notes 21 and 25. Taylor & Francis apologises for this error.


This paper overviews needs-assessment as a recent legislative requirement in adult mental health services in the United Kingdom. The aim of the paper is to highlight and familiarise those people working in the area of adult mental health with the theories, concepts and methodologies of needs-assessment. To do this the paper outlines the guiding principles and practices in the conceptualisation, development and implementation of needs-assessment in mental health - with special reference to the long-term mentally ill. The paper goes on to explore how needs-assessment has the potential to influence individual psychiatric practice in relation to users, providers, planners and the purchasers of mental health services. Finally, the paper calls for empirical evidence and the standardised evaluation of the assessment of need for the long-term mentally ill. The paper concludes by highlighting the possible opportunities offered by needs-assessment, especially client-centred needs-assessment, in relation to the care...


The absence of DNGR-1 is dangerous Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) can sense tissue damage via DNGR-1, which binds F-actin exposed by necrotic cells. DNGR-1 activation favors cross-presentation, the process by which extracellular antigens are processed and presented to CD8+ T cells via major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Del Fresno et al. studied mice lacking DNGR-1 and found that DNGR-1 also has anti-inflammatory effects (see the Perspective by Salazar and Brown). It inhibits the secretion of the chemokine CXCL2 by cDC1s, which, in turn, limits neutrophil recruitment. Thus, DNGR-1 connects cell-death sensing with a mechanism of damage control. Science, this issue p. 351; see also p. 292 A damage-sensing receptor hits the brakes to control the extent of tissue damage during infection, injury, and inflammation. Host injury triggers feedback mechanisms that limit tissue damage. Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) express dendritic cell natural killer lectin group receptor-1 (DNGR-1), encoded by the gene Clec9a, which senses tissue damage and favors cross-presentation of dead-cell material to CD8+ T cells. Here we find that DNGR-1 additionally reduces host-damaging inflammatory responses induced by sterile and infectious tissue injury in mice. DNGR-1 deficiency leads to exacerbated caerulein-induced necrotizing pancreatitis and increased pathology during systemic Candida albicans infection without affecting fungal burden. This effect is B and T cell–independent and attributable to increased neutrophilia in DNGR-1–deficient settings. Mechanistically, DNGR-1 engagement activates SHP-1 and inhibits MIP-2 (encoded by Cxcl2) production by cDC1s during Candida infection. This consequently restrains neutrophil recruitment and promotes disease tolerance. Thus, DNGR-1–mediated sensing of injury by cDC1s serves as a rheostat for the control of tissue damage, innate immunity, and immunopathology.


'Early White Vienna' kohlrabi was seeded into 25-ft, 2-row beds having 22-in row and 16-in interplant spacing on 8 May. The Ritzville silt loam (Calciorthidic Haploxerolls) soil had 1.6% organic matter and a pH of 6.2. Dyfonate was broadcast at 1, 2, and 4 lb (AI)/acre and then incorporated 4- to 6-in deep by rototilling on 8 May, in the preplant application. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. Plots were sprinkler irrigated as needed at a rate of 0.375 acre-in/h. Efficacy was determined at harvest by examining 16 roots/plot for insect damage. Phytotoxicity (stand loss) was determined at thinning, ca. 6 weeks after planting.


Evolutionary multi-objective optimization methodologies have been amply applied to generate an approximation of the Pareto front. Nevertheless, this does not completely solve the problem since the Decision Maker (DM) still has to choose a single solution of that set. It is a task that becomes difficult when the number of criteria increases. In this paper, we present a new approach for incorporating the DM's preferences into a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. The preferences are expressed in a set of solutions assigned to ordered categories. Our proposal is called Hybrid Multi-Criteria Sorting Genetic Algorithm (H-MCSGA) which is a variant of the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm 2 (NSGA2). Preliminary results show that, in examples with four objectives, the H-MCSGA has a better performance than NSGA2.


ABSTRACT The membrane receptor Toll and the related Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are best known for their universal function in innate immunity. However, Toll/TLRs were initially discovered in a developmental context, and recent studies have revealed that Toll/TLRs carry out previously unanticipated functions in development, regulating cell fate, cell number, neural circuit connectivity and synaptogenesis. Furthermore, knowledge of their molecular mechanisms of action is expanding and has highlighted that Toll/TLRs function beyond the canonical NF-κB pathway to regulate cell-to-cell communication and signalling at the synapse. Here, we provide an overview of Toll/TLR signalling and discuss how this signalling pathway regulates various aspects of development across species. Summary: This article highlights the diverse, context-dependent roles that Toll/TLRs play beyond innate immunity in determining cell fate and differentiation, including during competition for light in plants and in neurotrophism and plasticity in the CNS.


Optical biosensors present themselves as an attractive solution for integration with the ever-trending lab-on-a-chip devices. This is due to their small size, CMOS compatibility, and invariance to electromagnetic interference. Despite their many benefits, typical optical biosensors rely on evanescent field detection, where only a small portion of the light interacts with the analyte. We propose to use a silicon nanowire ridge waveguide (SNRW) for optical biosensing. This structure is comprised of an array of silicon nanowires, with the envelope of a ridge, on an insulator substrate. The SNRW maximizes the overlap between the analyte and the incident light wave by introducing voids to the otherwise bulk structure, and strengthens the contribution of the material under test to the overall modal effective index will greatly augment the sensitivity. Additionally, the SNRW provides a fabrication convenience as it covers the entire substrate, ensuring that the etching process would not damage the substrate. FDTD simulations were conducted and showed that the percentage change in the effective index due to a 1% change in the surrounding environment was more than 170 times the amount of change perceived in an evanescent detection based bulk silicon ridge waveguide.


The most relevant measures of the safety of a mother's drug during breastfeeding are the dosage received by the breastfed infant and the drug's potential toxicity. The dosage of most drugs transmitted to an infant via breast milk is well below a pharmacological dosage for most infants. While there are drugs that are too toxic to allow breastfeeding, such as cancer chemotherapeutic agents, radiopharmaceuticals, and a few others, most drugs pose little threat to the infant. (non-author abstract)


Although service is fundamental to a physician's role, it is being harmfully undermined within the medical profession and in graduate medical education, according to surveys of residents conducted by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.


On July 20, 2018, P.L. 115-197, the American Innovation $1 Coin Act, was signed into law. This law requires the Secretary of the Treasury to mint new $1 coins "in recognition of American innovation and significant innovation and pioneering efforts of individuals or groups from each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the United States territories." The first coin was minted in fall 2018, and four new coins are to be produced each year through 2032.


We unveil a mechanism enabling a fundamental rogue wave, expressed by a rational function of fourth degree, to reach a peak amplitude as high as a thousand times the background level in a system of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations involving both incoherent and coherent coupling terms with suitable coefficients. We obtain the exact explicit vector rational solutions using a Darboux-dressing transformation. We show that both components of such coupled equations can reach extremely high amplitudes. The mechanism is confirmed in direct numerical simulations and its robustness is confirmed upon noisy perturbations. Additionally, we showcase the fact that extremely high peak-amplitude vector fundamental rogue waves (of about 80 times the background level) can be excited even within a chaotic background field.


The article investigates the problem of strengthening the regional taxable capacity as a factor of sustainable development of territorial entities, as well as presents analysis of the various approaches to the study of taxable capacity. Also, the article presents the summary of the region's economic status and the structure of tax revenues in the consolidated budget depending on the region's economic activities. Authors give arguments to the main reasons for the low fiscal performance and offer proposals for the development of the taxable capacity of the region through the implementation of priority project "Whitewashing the economy". The research findings can be used by federal and regional authorities as a theoretical and methodological framework when developing proposals for the enhancement of taxable capacity of the territorial entities. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s2p343


Modelling and, hence, quantifying C flow through the so-called central pathways of metabolism (e.g. glycolysis, the Kreb's (TCA) cycle and gluconeogenesis) present considerable experimental challenges. Because these metabolic pathways are the common route leading to the oxidation of essentially all the organic macronutrients, they receive C from a wide variety of precursors. Compounds generated as intermediates of the pathways also provide the precursors for other biosyntheses (e.g. nucleoside, amino acid and lipid synthesis). As a consequence, models that aim to quantify the reactions in the central pathways must eventually account for the complications of multiple inputs and outputs. The presence of substrate cycles (e.g. the pyruvate-oxaloacetate-phosphoenolpyruvate and oxaloacetate-malate-fumarate cycles) at key regulatory points in these pathways further complicates the interpretation of isotopic experiments. The result is that obtaining answers to what are apparently simple questions concerning metabolism leads rapidly to more complicated theoretical and experimental exercises (for example, Kelleher, 1986; Kelleher & Masterson, 1992). A particularly useful example of this phenomenon is the large research effort gone into answering


Leonardo is heading toward the organization's 50th anniversary as the originator and still premier publisher of scholarly research and creative work at the intersection of the arts, sciences and technology. What began in the mid-1960s as a conversation among a group of distinguished scientists and artists is still evolving. Today's large, diverse and rapidly growing field of Art|Science is much more than a publication. The global network includes prestigious academic programs; research centers, labs and institutes; and a large number of workshops, conferences and other events that are moving beyond the boundaries of academia to K-12. The number of organizations dedicated to Leonardo's interest in the arts, sciences and technology continues to grow as the field gains interest and advocates from academics, industry and governments. As much activity as there is today, we are still near the beginning of an era of greater and more rapid growth. Leonardo's leadership as the publisher of record for the Art|Science field remains a primary organizational commitment. We are actively engaged in and pursuing partnerships that focus on the future of Art|Science publishing and exploring new and experimental digital platforms that enable collaborative research, rapid review and publication of research, advanced media and interactive technologies, and emerging models that enhance multiplatform distribution. Leonardo will announce new partnerships as soon as they are in place.


Fes Airport, run by the National Airports" Office in Morocco, aspires to be certified by the ISO 9001: 2015 standard; Hereby, it has to meet the needs of the stakeholders" expectations in an attempt to promote the airport activities, it has also to take into consideration the risks that are related to the various actors who have well-set priorities and expectations.The aim of this article is to shed light on the interconnection between the various participants in an attempts to meet the new requirement 4.2 of the ISO 9001: 2015 and to examine the dangers of the integrated management system (QSE) taking into consideration the proposal of an action plan to monitor interfaces, and to promote the application of an integrated approach, in collaboration with concerned participants as well as the amelioration of an integrated management system to realize the various goals set by the different participants and satisfy the passengers.


Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease in adults between 20 and 100 years of age and its prevalence has been reported to be higher in males than in females. There are several methods for measuring the severity of OSA. These include measuring the number of apnea and hypopneas per hour of sleep (apnea-hypopnea index: AHI), the degree of oxygen desaturation during sleep, or the severity of daytime sleepiness, which is the most common condition that negatively affects the quality of life. The gold standard test for the diagnosis of OSA is polysomnography. The pulse oximeter, home sleep apnea testing, SleepQuest device, peripheral arterial tonometry, ApneaLink Plus device, maximum static inspiratory pressure, and maximum static expiratory pressure measurements are preferred methods for OSA diagnosis.


This article based on multi-source Geo-data, Remote sensing information and geo-physical information of mines area in Lancang LaoChang are fused.The results of fusion disposed with simple correlation analysis.The result of analysis will providing reliable information for geological exploration and ore forecasts


Abstract This paper reports on research undertaken in a high security psychiatric hospital in the United Kingdom which manages those patients considered dangerous, violent or having criminal propensities. In these special hospitals violence and aggression are common features and staff respond to these threats in a number of ways. One common approach is to employ the use of seclusion, which isolates the patient away from human contact until he or she is considered no longer an immediate danger to others. Data were collected on 95 seclusion episodes over a six month period. The hypotheses addressed whether: (a) there was a higher frequency of seclusion in response to actual violence over threatened violence; (b) the recording of mental states indicated increased severity for those who had been secluded due to threatening or attacking staff; and (c) there was an increased duration of seclusion when staff are attacked in relation to patients being the target. The results suggested that there was an over-presc...


This paper discusses a study in which groups of youth, aged sixteen, recorded videos, using camcorder equipment on the subject of environment. The paper describes how this project gave youth an opportunity to enhance their environment media literacy skills through a media production experience. This paper reports the findings of a project that aimed to engage youth with media critically and creatively. We present the findings that emerge out of focus group discussions with the participants regarding their media production experiences and their views towards environmental issues. This study has demonstrated that digital video production can be a powerful vehicle for enhancing environment media literacy skills among youth in Malaysia.


Production and characterization of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and other transition metal dichalcogenide materials attract significant attention of scientific community due to pronounced two‐dimensional character of their electronic properties. Herein, MoS2 synthesis by chemical vapor deposition with gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) containing thermally evaporated molybdenum (Mo) is presented. The films deposited onto silicon (Si) substrate consist of flake‐like crystallites of nanometer thickness assembled of parallel atomic layers oriented predominantly along a normal to the substrate surface. The dependence of film morphology on deposition time, substrate temperature, and precursor composition in gaseous phase is investigated. The Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy analysis reveal the presence of mono‐ and bilayered structures in the film. Photoluminescence (PL) efficiency of the films is found to be increased in comparison with the monolayer MoS2 crystallites. The high PL efficiency in combination with the high spatial uniformity of the film materials makes them prospective for application in electronic and photonic industry.


Phishing has been a major problem for information systems managers and users for several years now. In 2008, it was estimated that phishing resulted in close to $50 billion in damages to U.S. consumers and businesses. Even so, research has yet to explore many of the reasons why Internet users continue to be exploited. The goal of this paper is to better understand the behavioral factors that may increase one's susceptibility for complying with a phisher's request for personal information. Using past research on deception detection, a research model was developed to help explain compliant phishing responses. The model was tested using a field study in which each participant received a phishing e-mail asking for sensitive information. It was found that four behavioral factors were influential as to whether the phishing e-mails were answered with sensitive information. The paper concludes by suggesting that the behavioral aspect of susceptible users be integrated into the current tools and materials used in antiphishing efforts.


ABSTRACT The current research assesses the characteristics of neighborhoods where registered sex offenders (RSOs) reside and whether or not race influences the locations of these RSOs. Drawing on data from 2,290 RSOs in five urban counties, analysis focuses on assessing the characteristics of census tracts where Black and White RSOs reside, as well as assessing characteristics of census tracts with high concentrations of RSOs in residence. Findings show that census tracts where sex offenders reside display more social disorganization than communities and the nation as a whole. Census tracts where Black RSOs reside are generally more socially disorganized than those where White RSOs reside. Additionally White RSOs are more likely to reside in census tracts with high concentrations of RSOs.


This study examined the effect of parenting style on children`s prosocial behavior. Children`s prosocial behaviors were examined by 3 factors : adaptation to school life, relationships with others, and ability to control emotions. Subjects were 195 three-, four-, and five-year-old children and their parents. Children`s prosocial behavior differed as a function of children`s age but not gender. Children`s relationships with others among the prosocial behaviors showed a statistically significant difference by mother`s autonomous parenting style. Unexpectedly, children`s prosocial behaviors did not vary according to fathers` parenting style.


Two mixtures of elemental nickel and titanium powders in atomic proportions of 50% Ni + 50% Ti and 32% Ni + 68% Ti, respectively, were ground for 40 hours in a high energy planetary mill. In the case of the first mixture, the mechanical alloying was totally produced, while for the second, the alloying was partial. In both mixtures, qualitative X-ray diffraction phase analysis revealed the presence of metastable phases, such as Ni HC and NiTi- R-phase. Also, the equiatomic mixture is characterized by a partially amorphous structure. 10% of each type of mixture submitted to milling was used as reinforcing element in the form of particulates for two magnesium matrix composites. They were obtained by sintering in the plasma at 590�C. In the case of the reinforced with the second mixture composite, the production of new phases other than the matrix and those present in the mixture of nickel and titanium powders after milling were recorded. The electron microscopy images of the two composites have resistant, free of micropores or microcracks matrix / particulates interfaces. The Mg-10% (32 at% Ni + 68 at% Ti) composite is characterized by Vickers hardness higher than that of the composite reinforced with the equiatomic mixture.


The rj1 gene in soybeans (Glycine max L Merrill), prevents nodulation with a broad range of strains of Rhizobium japonicum. Strains of R. japonicum that produce rhizobitoxine induced foliar chlorosis can nodulate rj1 plants in sand or vermiculite culture in the greenhouse. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of temperature on the expression of chlorotic symptoms and nodulation of rj1 plants, and to clarify the relationship between nodulation and chlorosis. Tests with plants cultured in Leonard jars in environmental control chambers maintained at 21, 27, and 32 C indicated that temperature modified the nodulation response of Clark rj1 soybeans with the chlorosis inducing strains 61 and 76. Chlorotic symptoms were beast evident at 21 C. Strain 61 produced good nodulation on rj1 plants at 21 C, but exhibited no induction of chlorosis at that temperature on the cultivar 'Hawkeye.' Strain 76 produced strong chlorotic symptoms on both the cultivars Hawkeye and 'Peking' at 32 C, but only a low level of nodulation with the rj1 plants. This differential effect of temperature on these two processes suggested that, while rhizobitoxine is correlated with both processes, separate control mechanisms with different temperature optima govern their expression.

Increasing the temperature from 21 to 32 C mitigated the expression of the ineffective nodulation response of the Rj1 gene with strain 61 in the cultivar Peking. Despite the low level of nodulation (3.6 nodules per plant) of strain 61 with Peking at 32 C, chlorotic symptoms were clearly apparent.


The drive towards greater economic and environmental efficiency in chemicals manufacture has led to a growing need for processes that produce minimal waste and avoid, as much as possible, the use of toxic and/or hazardous reagents and solvents. This has led to a reassessment of many existing technologies. Alternative processes to particular products are compared on the basis of their atom utilization and E factor (kg byproduct per kg product). The use of high-atom utilization, low-salt catalytic processes as clean alternatives to conventional technologies for the manufacture of fine chemicals is discussed. In particular catalytic oxidations and catalytic carbonylations are highlighted using citral, caprolactam, paracetamol, ibuprofen and methylmethacrylate as commercially relevant examples. The question of catalyst recovery and recycling is also addressed, e.g. with the use of redox molecular sieves as solid catalysts for liquid phase oxidations and the use of a water-soluble palladium(0)trisulfonated triphenylphosphine complex, as a catalyst for carbonylation in aqueous media. © 1997 SCI.


UV Raman spectroscopy could distinguish the chromate species on Cr-MCM-41. Only one kind of monochromate species was observed on the Cr-MCM-41 synthesized by a direct hydrothermal synthesis method whereas several types of chromate species possibly including both monochromates and polychromates existed on that synthesized by a template-ion exchange method.


In traditional modeling approaches, such as entity-relationship modeling, the predominant information modeling problem is how to represent external reality in the system in a true way. In these approaches, semantic aspects of language are in focus. In contrast to this, the main information modeling problem could be to understand how information systems may support a meaningful use of language and information in a social action context. This chapter presents an information modeling approach based on speech act theory that takes both semantic and pragmatic aspects into consideration. With such an approach, it is possible to reconcile traditional information modeling and the pragmatic aspects of language and information use. Such reconciliation is essential to arrive at information systems that support meaningful communication between different actors within a social action context. IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING This chapter appears in the book, Advanced Topics in Database Research, vol. 4 edited by Keng Siau © 2005, Idea Group Inc. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITB11287


Background To immunohistochemically evaluate the association between the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the tumour expression of podoplanin (PDPN) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and their association with clinicopathological variables. Material and Methods A tissue microarray (TMA) with biopsy sections from patients diagnosed with HNSCC was stained with antibodies against the CAFs marker, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and PDPN. We subsequently evaluated their expression to determine the association between them and with clinicopathological variables including age, primary tumour site, TNM stage, and tumour differentiation grade. Results Positive reaction to α-SMA was observed in the tumour stroma, revealing spindle-shaped cells compatible with CAFs, which showed a high expression in 62% of cases and a significant association with laryngeal carcinomas, advanced clinical stages, and lower tumour differentiation (P ≤ 0.05). PDPN staining on tumour cells showed low expression in 72% of cases, and it was not associated with any clinicopathological variable or with the presence of CAFs. Conclusions The presence of CAFs in the tumour stroma is related to an aggressive phenotype and could increase as the disease progresses, although based on our findings, it would have no relationship, at least directly, with the expression of PDPN. Key words:Cancer-associated fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, head and neck neoplasms, podoplanin, immunohistochemistry.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate pediatric nurses' perceptions regarding in end-of-life care and turnover intention. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed among 111 hospital nurses. Pediatric nurses' perceptions of obstacles and supportive behaviors were mea...


The cake is a food commonly consumed by people of different ages. It consists of a mixture of fat and sugar, with over other ingredients. In some formulations the use of chemical growth is required. The aim of this study was to analyze chemical growth agents such as baking powder, bicarbonate of soda and mix of both in chocolate cakes. The analysis of specific volume and acceptability fifty untrained judges test were performed. All cakes were accepted in sensory analysis. The sample with baking powder showed the highest and the lowest note in the taste Question on color attribute. The use of sodium bicarbonate of soda caused darkening of the cake dough.


Abstract A cobalt porphyrin efficiently catalyzed the formal [3+2] cycloaddition of alkyl-/aryl-substituted cyclopropanes and carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones to afford the corresponding substituted tetrahydrofurans. The use of the cobalt porphyrin complex as a Lewis acid to catalyze the reaction via the electrophilic activation of cyclopropanes was demonstrated. The high functional-group tolerance and robustness of the catalyst were also demonstrated. Further, the potential utility of the catalyst was demonstrated by performing the cycloaddition of cyclic ketones and cyclopropanes to afford spiro tetrahydrofurans.


On behalf of the Steering Committee, I hope that everyone attending the 1982 Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Monolithic Circuits Symposium will find it an informative and rewarding experience, This is the first such symposium, but one which will be held annually in conjunction with the IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium.


Background The application of three-dimensional scan models offers a useful resource for studying craniofacial variation. The complex mathematical analysis for facial point acquisition in three-dimensional models has made many craniofacial assessments laborious. Method This study investigates three-dimensional (3D) soft-tissue craniofacial variation, with relation to ethnicity, sex and age variables in British and Irish white Europeans. This utilizes a geometric morphometric approach on a subsampled dataset comprising 292 scans, taken from a Liverpool-York Head Model database. Shape variation and analysis of each variable are tested using 20 anchor anatomical landmarks and 480 sliding semi-landmarks. Results Significant ethnicity, sex, and age differences are observed for measurement covering major aspects of the craniofacial shape. The ethnicity shows subtle significant differences compared to sex and age; even though it presents the lowest classification accuracy. The magnitude of dimorphism in sex is revealed in the facial, nasal and crania measurement. Significant shape differences are also seen at each age group, with some distinct dimorphic features present in the age groups. Conclusions The patterns of shape variation show that white British individuals have a more rounded head shape, whereas white Irish individuals have a narrower head shape. White British persons also demonstrate higher classification accuracy. Regarding sex patterns, males are relatively larger than females, especially in the mouth and nasal regions. Females presented with higher classification accuracy than males. The differences in the chin, mouth, nose, crania, and forehead emerge from different growth rates between the groups. Classification accuracy is best for children and senior adult age groups.


BACKGROUND :
Diabetes mellitus comes under the group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period due to alteration in either the insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Worldwide, as of the recent 2016 data collected from the World Health Organization (WHO) around 422 million adults have diabetes mellitus. Diabetic foot, characterized by ischemia, peripheral neuropathy, osteoarthropathy, foot ulcer and infections possesses a major burden both to the community and to the patient. The lifetime risk of developing foot ulcers in diabetes is estimated to be around 15-20%. The amputation rates can be cut down to 49-85% by a multidisciplinary approach. With the latest advances in the theory, factors and cell types of wound healing, a new pathway has been initiated in the treatment of chronic diabetic foot ulcers. The present study was conducted to analyse the effectiveness of topical Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor (rhEGF) in the healing of diabetic wounds as against the conventional EUSOL (Edinburgh University Solution of Lime) dressing. rhEGF cuts down the duration needed for wound healing and the mean closure was notably higher in the rhEGF group.
Objectives:
The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of topical Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor (rhEGF) versus EUSOL (Edinburgh University Solution of Lime) dressing in the healing of diabetic wounds in terms of :
• Duration required for wound healing.
• Rate of granulation tissue formation as percentage of the total surface area.
• Rate of reduction in mean ulcer surface area.
• Any cellulitis in the surrounding area.
Primarily aiding in complete healing of the ulcer.
Secondarily resulting in the reduction of the surface area of the wound to get closed by suturing/skin graft/flap cover.
METHODS AND MATERIALS :
60 eligible patients who presented to Govt. Kilpauk Medical College and Hospital with diabetic foot ulcer are allocated into two groups with 30 patients in each group where group I receives the topical recombinant epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) dressing and group II receives the Edinburgh University Solution of Lime (EUSOL) dressing. The duration of the study is 5 months with a follow up period of 1 month. Patients with age 80 years, using steroids, chemotherapy or immunosuppressive drugs, with comorbid illness, wounds resulting from venous insufficiency/ malignancy/ischaemia , with evidence of osteomyelitis, septicaemia, wound sites other than lower limb, ulcers of grade III, IV and V and with doppler showing atherosclerotic changes and venous abnormalities like varicosities are excluded from the study.
RESULTS :
In the present study, diabetic foot ulcer was most common in the age group between 61-70 years with 11 patients in the rhEGF group and 12 patients in the EUSOL group. There were 27 male patients (90%) in the rhEGF group and 22 male patients (73%) in the EUSOL group. The ulcers were more commonly located in the plantar aspect (73%). The patients were suffering from diabetes for a duration varying from months to years.24 (80%) patients in Group A were suffering from diabetes for duration of less than 5 years as compared to 12 (40%) patients in Group B. A total of 10 patients (33%) from Group A and 22 patients (73%) in Group B had surrounding cellulitis on admission. By the end of this study, one patient from Group A and 5 patients from Group B showed a surrounding cellulitis. On the 7th day of treatment, patients in the study group had a mean granulation tissue of 37% over the wound as compared to 5% in the control group who received the EUSOL dressing. On day 14, 3 patients in the study group showed complete healing with a mean of 52% in the formation of granulation tissue while the patients in the control group showed 17% mean in the formation of granulation tissue. On day 21, out of the remaining 27 patients in the study group who received rhEGF, 5 patients showed complete healing and 2 patients underwent treatment for skin closure in the form of secondary suturing. A 66% mean in the formation of granulation tissue was noted in the rhEGF group as compared to 30% in the group of patients who received EUSOL dressing. 1 patient showed complete healing in the control group.
By the 28th day of the start of the treatment, 10 patients in the study group showed complete healing as compared to 1 in the control group. 3 patients in the control group underwent secondary suturing. The study group had a mean granulation tissue formation of about 72% as compared to 42% in the control group and there is a significant difference between the two groups with a P value of <0.0001 which is considered statistically significant. The mean size of the ulcer on admission was 3.85 sq.cm. in the study group and 3.92 sq.cm. in the control group which gradually reduced to 1.96 sq.cm in the study group and 3.31 sq.cm. in the control group as estimated on the 14th day of treatment. There is a definite reduction in the size of the ulcer in the study group which received topical recombinant human epidermal growth factor. 10 patients (33%) in the study group showed complete healing as compared to 1 (3%) in the control group. Healing by secondary intention was evident in 50% of the patients in the study group as compared to 43% in the control group. Ulcers were not healed in 2 patients (7%) in the group which received dressing with rhEGF as compared to 12 patients (40%) in the control group.
CONCLUSION :
Our study demonstrated the efficacy of topical recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in the healing of diabetic wounds in terms of rate of formation of granulation tissue and wound healing when compared with the control group who received EUSOL (Edinburgh University Solution of Lime) dressing. Treatment with topical rhEGF can be added to the wide spectrum of treatment modalities available for the management of the diabetic foot ulcers after further research with a large population.


Abstract— Northern anchovy larvae were exposed to various amounts of both natural (global solar) and artificial (sunlamps filtered by cellulose triacetate) UV‐B energy over a 12‐day period. Dosage was determined on the basis of a weighting function for biological effectiveness. The action spectrum on which this biologically effective dose for anchovy mortality is based was developed using broad‐band spectroscopy. These experiments indicated that biologically adverse conditions exist near the sea surface. Larvae exposed in shallow containers to global solar UV for 12 days suffered significant UV mortality from February to October. Larvae surviving all solar and artificial UV doses were smaller than those not exposed to UV. [Lowest dosage = 398 J·m−2(bio.eff.).] Fifty percent of the larvae survived a cumulative dose of 605 J·m−2(bio.eff.), or 50 J·m−2·day−1(bio.eff). Dose reciprocity did not hold; when a similar cumulative dose was given in the first 4 days of 12, there were about one‐half as many survivors.


Production trend in the chocolate industry is to purchase finished cocoa liquor or finished chocolate mass which is then used in production of different chocolate products. If the finished chocolate mass is supplied to the facility, it is used within 30 days. The rheological properties of chocolate are highly important in quality determination and consumer preference. Since chocolate is a non-Newtonian fluid, its properties could be changed during the afore mentioned storage period. The aim of this research was to monitor the rheological properties of dark chocolate during 30-day storage at 50°C. Different emulsifiers (lecithin, PGPR, citric acid esters of and mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (citrem) and citric acid esters of and mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids 2in1 (citrem 2in1)) were added to the chocolate in order to elucidate the influence of an emulsifier on the rheological properties during storage. The results showed that the rheological properties of all chocolate samples changed during storage. The addition of lecithin lowered plastic viscosity and yield value. At the end of the storage period, the yield value of the chocolate mass with lecithin increased, while other emulsifiers decreased its value.


On the basis of the detection range and style of the Academic Misconduct Literature Check(AMLC),and the feedback from responsible editors,the article is aimed to evaluate the limitations of AMLC from an editor's perspective.Presumably,it will be very effective to inhibit academic misconduct if introducing peer review system in a small range,shared editorial board and combined precaution among editorial departments of scitech periodicals.Some suggestions are put forward for the complement of AMLC finally.


Objective To evaluate the outcome and treatment duration in extraction patients treated with Smart Clip and traditional straight wire brackets.Methods Fifty-six finished extraction cases (female,12-14 years) were collected.Half of them (SmartClip bracket group) were treated with SmartClip brackets and the other half (traditional bracket group) treated with traditional straight wire brackets.PAR scores were used to compare the outcome of the treatment and the treatment duration was evaluated in different groups.Results No significant differences in PAR scores were found after treatment between two groups.The treatment duration in SmartClip group was longer than that in traditional straight wire group by 1.75 months.Conclusion Good results could be achieved in the SmartClip bracket group and traditional straight wire bracket group.The treatment duration was slightly different.

Key words:
PAR index;  treatment outcome;  treatment duration


A Rule Compiler design for Fuzzy Classifier Systems is described in this paper. The design of the compiler is based on the building of Grammars described like predicates, which represent the system rules.


AbstractThe correlation between increased Sahel rainfall and reduced Saharan surface pressure is well established in observations and global climate models, and has been used to imply that increased Sahel rainfall is caused by a stronger shallow meridional circulation (SMC) over the Sahara. This study uses two atmospheric reanalyses to examine interannual variability of Sahel rainfall and the Saharan SMC, which consists of northward near-surface flow across the Sahel into the Sahara and southward flow near 700 hPa out of the Sahara. During wet Sahel years, the Saharan SMC shifts poleward, producing a drop in low-level geopotential and surface pressure over the Sahara. Statistically removing the effect of the poleward shift from the low-level geopotential eliminates significant correlations between this geopotential and Sahel precipitation. As the Saharan SMC shifts poleward, its mid-tropospheric divergent outflow decreases, indicating a weakening of its overturning mass flux. The poleward shift and weaken...


This is one of the few systematic texts on the human geography of western Europe. Its topic-by-topic approach allows a proper examination of the processes which have created spatial variations in human activity. However, whilst the first edition of this book examined the forces creating and remaking the human landscape of western Europe during the post-war era of almost continuous economic growth, the second edition has been set within a more pessimistic environment of stagnation and decline. The oil crisis of 1973-4 was an important turning point in the human geography of western Europe and the late 1970s and 1980s have been characterized by a reversal of many of the processes which were so important in the 1960s. Therefore, as well as emphasizing the complex and diverse nature of western Europe, with its regional disparities, core-periphery relationships, temporal changes, and varied government policies, this book describes such processes as counter-urbanization, return migration, de-industrialization, the urban-rural manufacturing shift, increasing unemployment and regional differences, and planning orthodoxies for decline rather than growth. An introductory volume for use by first-degree students, sixth form students and teachers; all those with an interest in the European landscape.


This article introduces a new form of religious education based on what it calls "paradoxical logic," which is based, in part, on Jurgen Habermas' concept of an alternative rationality. The article uses the biblical parable of the rich young man (Mt 19:16-30) to develop this logic and a specific method for individual transformation.


Differential piston within a cylinder unit for a hydraulic press with high pressure, the piston head and the piston shaft are alternately applied, wherein a circumferential, radial and axial symmetrical shape is arranged in the transition region between the piston head and piston skirt, characterized in that the formation of a continuous, continuous transition zone (14) from the outer peripheral configuration (15) of the piston head (2) to the outer peripheral configuration (16) of the piston skirt (3), whose largest diameter (D


Background: Biological approaches tend to treat love as a brain generated physiological process like hunger or thirst. On the other hand, psychologists have created many descriptive theories of love in an effort to understand the full range of experience and behaviours associated with love. One of the most prominent and interesting models is the John Alan Lee's theory called "love styles". According to him, there are six love styles, named: eros, ludus, storge, pragmatic, maniac, and agape. Aims and objectives: This study aimed to assess the love styles of young adults and assess its relationship with their personality traits. Materials and methods: A total of 120 young adults were taken as the sample using purposive sampling technique. Socio-demographic profile, relationship status, and attitude towards sex were assessed through semi-structured questionnaire. Love Attitude Scale was applied and clinical assessment of personality traits was done using the text revision of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) after taking their informed consent. Data was pooled and statistical analysis was done, using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. Results: The most preferred love style in the study population was eros, while the least preferred was ludus. Extramarital relationship and premarital sex was positively associated with ludus love style. Subjects with borderline and narcissistic personality traits scored significantly high on the ludus love styles. Conclusion: Love styles differ between the two sexes and also changes with their age. Personality trait influences the love style of a person. Avinash PR, Kalra G, Subramanyam A, Shah H, Kamath R. Love styles of young adults in a metropolitan city of India. Open J Psychiatry Allied Sci. 2015;6:83-8.doi: 10.5958/2394-2061.2015.00002.6


The fishery for spiny lobster Panulirus argus in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary is well chronicled, but little information is available on the prevalence of lost or abandoned lobster traps. In 2007, towed-diver surveys were used to identify and count pieces of trap debris and any other marine debris encountered. Trap debris density (debris incidences/ha) in historic trap-use zones and in representative benthic habitats was estimated. Trap debris was not proportionally distributed with fishing effort. Coral habitats had the greatest density of trap debris despite trap fishers' reported avoidance of coral reefs while fishing. The accumulation of trap debris on coral emphasizes the role of wind in redistributing traps and trap debris in the sanctuary. We estimated that 85,548± 23,387 (mean±SD) ghost traps and 1,056,127± 124,919 nonfishing traps or remnants of traps were present in the study area. Given the large numbers of traps in the fishery and the lack of effective measures for managing and controlling the loss of gear, the generation of trap debris will likely continue in proportion to the number of traps deployed in the fishery. Focused removal of submerged trap debris from especially vulnerable habitats such as reefs and hardbottom, where trap debris density is high, would mitigate key habitat issues but would not address ghost fishing or the cost of lost gear. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, as much as 70% of the global input of marine debris sinks to the seafloor in both shallow coastal areas and much deeper parts of the ocean (UNEP 2011). Many factors influence localized accumulation of debris, including size of debris items (e.g., length of a piece rope), bottom topography (e.g., ledges, crevices), oceanographic processes (e.g., tides, circulation Subject editor: Anne Hollowed, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle *Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com Received November 27, 2012; accepted September 29, 2013 patterns), meteorological events (e.g., hurricanes), distribution of fishing effort, and level of boating activity (June 1990; Galgani et al. 1995, 1996; Hess et al. 1999; Moore and Allen 2000; Acha et al. 2003; Boland and Donohue 2003; Katsanevakis and Katsarou 2004; Chiappone et al. 2005; Uhrin et al. 2005; Bauer et al. 2008; NOAA 2009). In a review of the literature on benthic marine debris, more than 60% of the 20 D ow nl oa de d by [ C cf hr B ea uf or t L ab ] at 1 1: 09 0 2 Ju ne 2 01 4 LOBSTER TRAP DEBRIS IN FLORIDA KEYS 21 studies cited marine activities (e.g., shipping, fishing) were the primary source of benthic debris worldwide (Spengler and Costa 2008). Although the contribution of abandoned, lost, or otherwise discarded fishing gear to marine debris has long been recognized worldwide, quantitative data on this debris are sparse for many regions (Macfadyen et al. 2009). In 2007, 25,370 pleasure boats and 2,653 commercial vessels were registered in the Florida Keys (FLHMSV 2007), providing ample possibilities for intentional or unintentional littering and loss of gear and equipment, debris likely to settle on the seafloor. A large majority of registered commercial vessels target the spiny lobster Panulirus argus fishery (Milon et al. 1998; U.S. Office of the Federal Register 2011). Over the past 10 fishing seasons (2003–2012), the number of traps permitted annually in this fishery averaged 493,000. Lobster fishers reported that they lose 10–28% of their actively fished traps in nonhurricane years (Matthews and Uhrin 2009). The law requires that all lobster traps have an attached surface buoy; buoy lines are a navigational challenge in this region of high boat traffic and are often severed by boat propellers. The resulting absence of surface demarcation leads to impaired trap relocation and gear loss. Other causes of loss are vandalism, theft, entanglement of gear on the bottom, inability to relocate traps, and gear degradation. Although Florida lobster fishers are required by law to retrieve their traps before the close of the season, some abandonment of traps occurs. Strong winter storms, tropical storms, and hurricanes greatly exacerbate gear loss. Respondents of a mail survey reported a lobster trap loss of approximately 60% during the 2005–2006 fishing season when three hurricanes (Katrina, Rita, and Wilma) battered the Florida Keys during August–October 2005 (Lewis et al. 2009). Derelict lobster traps and trap-generated debris are detrimental to seagrass and coral habitats (Chiappone et al. 2005; Uhrin et al. 2005; Miller et al. 2008; Lewis et al. 2009). Significant declines in seagrass density occurred during prolonged deployment of lobster traps (6 weeks) in beds of Thalassia testudinum and Syringodium filiforme; after 6 months, the area directly beneath the traps had been denuded (Uhrin et al. 2005). Trap debris causes tissue abrasion in scleractinian corals, octocorals, and sponges (Chiappone et al. 2005; Miller et al. 2008), which contributes to loss of living habitat; the area affected is greater than a trap's immediate footprint and can encompass several square meters when traps move during high winds (Uhrin et al. 2005; Lewis et al. 2009). During tropical storms and hurricanes a trap can move hundreds of meters from its site of deployment, possibly becoming repositioned in sensitive habitat not directly targeted by the fishery or an area in which fishing is prohibited (e.g., coral reefs, no-take areas). Areas of denuded substrate as large as 1.2 m2 were observed in a T. testudinum bed as a result of trap movement during Tropical Storm Gabrielle in 2001. Less than 2 months later, all traps in the same area had been lost following the passage of Hurricane Michelle (Uhrin et al. 2005). During Tropical Storm Barry in 2007, individual intact traps experimentally deployed on hardbottom habitat in 4 m of water moved an average of 23.06 m, resulting in an average affected area of 21.27 m2 per trap (Lewis et al. 2009). The affected area was largely denuded, and scleractinian corals, sponges, and gorgonians were sheared or detached (Lewis et al. 2009). Efforts to address the accumulation of derelict fishing gear have included debris recovery and programs designed to reduce overall fishing effort. The annual Trap Retrieval Program (TRP), initiated in the Florida Keys in 1985, is still underway. Shoreline and on-the-water cleanups recover lost gear primarily comprising polypropylene rope, polystyrene foam buoys, trap parts, and plastic trap throats (NOAA 2011); most on-the-water efforts target only those traps that are easily identifiable from the water's surface (i.e., via surface buoys that are still attached). Each year 3,000–6,500 traps (spiny lobster and stone crab Menippe mercenaria combined) are retrieved from the waters of Monroe County in the Florida Keys (K. Miller, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, unpublished data). Excessive effort in the fishery (i.e., numbers of traps: Milon et al. 1999), which peaked at more than 900,000 traps in the early 1990s and was implicated in contributing to excessive mortality of sublegal-sized lobsters, declining trap yields, congestion and conflict on the water, and pollution, led to the implementation in 1993 of the Lobster Trap Certificate Program. Although annual trap reduction rates were established under this program, they have been amended over the years to include active reductions (10% of certificates held by each fisher are reverted back to the state) and passive reductions (up to 25% of certificates transferred in a sale from one fisher to another are reverted back to the state). The current 10% passive reduction rate has delayed progress toward meeting the existing trap reduction target of 400,000 established in 2005 (Florida Administrative Code R. 68B-24.009). Understanding the sources and processes that drive the spatial distribution of marine debris is crucial to remediation efforts (Martens and Huntington 2012). Previous efforts to characterize benthic marine debris in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary were conducted in conjunction with studies of coral reef ecology and were confined to that habitat (Chiappone et al. 2002, 2004; Miller et al. 2008). Herein, we conducted marine debris surveys in the area primarily targeted by the commercial lobster fishery across all benthic habitats in the sanctuary (FWC and NOAA 2000; Matthews 2003; Sheridan et al. 2005). Basic information on the abundance and distribution of derelict lobster traps is required for evaluating the environmental impact of the spiny lobster fishery in the Florida Keys. Studies have measured either habitat degradation or lobster mortality due to confinement (Hunt et al. 1986; Uhrin et al. 2005; Lewis et al. 2009), but the magnitude of the problem could not be put into context fisherywide due to the lack of an estimate of the number of derelict traps. The objectives of this study were to (1) generate estimates of the abundance, composition, and spatial distribution of benthic marine debris in the sanctuary, with special regard to commercial trap debris, (2) describe habitatmediated patterns of debris accumulation, and (3) relate spatial D ow nl oa de d by [ C cf hr B ea uf or t L ab ] at 1 1: 09 0 2 Ju ne 2 01 4


The purpose of the study was to elucidate if the sign of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis polyresistance is a risk factor for more severe pathological process. To this effect, clinical manifestations of pyo-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues in 86 patients were compared. It has been shown that the pathology caused by polyresistant Staphylococci is characterized by prolonged fever. It is often accompanied by complications and marked inflammation as compared to the pathology caused by signfree strains.


The present invention discloses an environmentally friendly and fast curing UV-curable inks, characterized in that the preparation is made from the following raw materials by weight: organic pigments 1-3, 3-5 dimethicone, tributyl citrate 2- 3, 1-2 kaolin, talc water 2-3, 1-2 titanium, polybutyl acrylate 12-14, 11-15 fatty acid polyglycol esters, tripropylene glycol diacrylate 16-19,2- hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone (1173) 4-5, UV epoxy acrylate 12-15,2- amino-5- (p - methoxyphenyl) -1,3 , 4-thiadiazole 2-3 lanthanum, tris (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite 4-5, 4-5 aids; obtained raw material and production method of the present invention is fast curing ink, short production cycle, easy operation, solvent pollution, environment-friendly.


We calculate the cross section for the dissociation of J/ψ by kaons within the framework of a meson exchange model. We find that, depending on the values of the coupling constants used, the cross section can vary from 5 mb to 30 mb at √ s ∼ 5 GeV. In relativistic heavy ion collisions J/ψ suppression has been recognized as an important tool to identify the possible phase transition to quark-gluon plasma (QGP) [1] (for a review of data and interpretations see refs. [2,3]). Since there is no direct experimental information on J/ψ absorption cross sections by hadrons, several theoretical approaches have been proposed to estimate their values. In order to elaborate a theoretical description of the phenomenon, we have first to choose the relevant degrees of freedom. Some approaches were based on charm quark-antiquark dipoles interacting with the gluons of a larger (hadron target) dipole [4–6] or quark exchange between two (hadronic) bags [7,8], or QCD sum rules [9–11], whereas other works used the meson exchange mechanism [12–17]. In this case it is not easy to decide in favor of quarks or hadrons because we are dealing with charm quark bound states, which are small and massive enough to make perturbation theory meaningful, but not small enough to make non-perturbative effects negligible [9–11,18]. The meson exchange approach was applied basically to J/ψ −π and J/ψ −ρ cross sections, with the only exception of ref. [13] where J/ψ−K cross section was also estimated. However, as pointed out in ref. [14], there are some inconsistencies in the Lagrangians defined in ref. [13]. In this work we will evaluate the J/ψ − K cross section using a meson-exchange model as in ref. [13], but we will treat the VVV and four-point couplings in the effective Lagrangians as in ref. [14]. As in refs. [13–16] we start with the SU(4) La-grangian for the pseudo-scalar and vector mesons. The effective Lagrangians relevant for the study of the J/ψ absorption by kaons are:


The study "Transition of Ukraine to the Renewable Energy by 2050" was carried out in 2016-2017 by the State Organization "Institute for Economics and Forecasting" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine with the support of the Heinrich Boell Foundation Regional Office in Ukraine and in cooperation with civil society organizations, public authorities, specialized in renewables business associations and independent experts. This study presents results of modeling of the reference and alternative scenarios for the development of Ukraine's energy sector by 2050 and demonstrates how the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy can be achieved and what economic impacts it will have.


What, in Frege's view, makes definitions fruitful? In Grundlagen §70, Frege offers an answer: Unfruitful definitions are definitions that "could just as well be omitted and leave no link missing in the chain of our proofs". The §70 passage, however, poses an interpretive puzzle as its characterization of fruitfulness appears to conflict with other conditions that Frege imposes on definitions, namely, eliminability and conservativeness. It appears that the only way to resolve this conflict is to attribute to Frege a notion of fruitfulness that is trivially satisfied and, hence, poorly motivated. I argue that this worry is misplaced. This is because Frege distinguishes between two roles of definitions, namely, between definitions qua explanations of concepts (analytic definitions), and definitions qua resources of a proof system (logical definitions). I use this distinction to argue that a fruitful definition, for Frege, is a definition that plays both roles, and that to play both roles, the definition has to be used in the proof of sentences containing the term so defined. Starting from §70, I develop and defend this reading of Frege's notion of fruitful definition.


Background:
 Circulating odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs) 15:0 and 17:0, potential biomarkers of dairy (fat) intake, have been associated with cardiometabolic outcomes in population-based studies. Whether circulating OCFAs are related to mortality risk in patients who experienced a myocardial infarction (MI) is not yet clear.

 Methods:
 We included 4,741 Dutch patients aged 60-80 y (78% males) from the Alpha Omega Cohort, who experienced a myocardial infarction (MI) up to 10 years prior to study enrolment. At baseline (2002-2006), data were obtained on risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), medication, lifestyle factors and dietary intakes (203-item FFQ). Fatty acids in serum cholesteryl esters (CE) were assessed using gas chromatography. Multivariable Cox models were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for total and CVD mortality in relation to 15:0 and 17:0 in CE (per 10
 th
 to 90
 th
 percentile range, P
 10-90
 ). HRs were adjusted for age, sex, education, BMI, physical activity, diabetes, other CVD risk factors, medication, circulating linoleic acid, circulating EPA+DHA, and dietary factors. Missing data imputation was performed for confounders.

 Findings:
 Most patients used cardiovascular drugs (statins: 85%) and 979 patients (21%) had diabetes. During a median follow-up period of 12.4 years (total of 52,625 person-years), 2,233 patients died, of whom 984 from CVD. Circulating levels (% of total fatty acids) were low for 15:0 (median: 0.16; P
 10-90
 : 0.11-0.21) and 17:0 (median: 0.08; P
 10-90
 : 0.00-0.11). For 15:0, age and sex adjusted HRs per P
 10-90
 were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81-0.95;
 P
 =0.001) for total mortality and 0.94 (0.83-1.06) for CVD mortality. In the most adjusted model, HRs for 15:0 were 0.92 (0.84-1.00;
 P
 =0.042) and 0.97 (0.85-1.11), respectively. For 17:0, HRs were 0.94 (0.85-1.05) for total mortality and 0.97 (0.83-1.13) for CVD mortality. Stratified analyses by sex showed inverse associations for 15:0 mainly in men (total mortality: HR of 0.90 [0.82-1.00];
 P
 =0.047). For 17:0, inverse but non-significant associations were mainly observed in women (total mortality: HR of 0.85 [0.68-1.05]). Associations for 17:0, but not for 15:0, were stronger in diabetic patients (total mortality: HR of 0.78 [0.64-0.96];
 P
 =0.019).

 Conclusions:
 Higher circulating OCFA levels may be related to a lower mortality risk after MI, which needs confirmation in other cohorts of CVD patients. The role of dairy fat intake in this relationship warrants further investigation.


Jennifer Prah Ruger's (2010) Health and Social Justice evidently is the product of years of prodigious library research, drawing on the relevant literature in philosophy, political science and economics. From that research effort she seeks to forge a new, integrated analytic framework for thinking about what we might mean by a 'just' distribution of healthcare. In a nutshell, Ruger searches for a philosophical justification for a health policy that will guarantee individuals, as a basic human right, an ability to function so as to realize to the maximum their 'human flourishing,' an Aristotelian concept. This right implies guaranteed financial and physical access to a set of healthcare services required to achieve a basic set of 'capabilities to function' so as to realize the maximum human flourishing, given the individual's capacity to flourish that nature has allowed them. In the simpler language of applied health policy, the right she envisages requires social agreement on a basic package of healthcare services, access to which is to be facilitated through commensurate health insurance coverage. Financing that coverage, in turn, requires a redistribution of income from healthier or wealthier members of society to less healthy or poorer members. Ruger believes it is possible to establish such a basic human right on a global basis. Much of the book is devoted to lengthy, critical reviews of what others have written on the topic and an explanation of why her approach is both novel and superior. Given the generally high abstractions within which Ruger develops her propositions and her resort professional jargon that appears to be unique to her academic discipline, her intended readership appears to be mainly the small circle of her peers in philosophy who focus on these issues. For example, on page 2 she casually refers to what she (and presumably her peers) call 'health agency,' without bothering to explain to lay readers what that might be. Only on page 9 do we learn that the 'individual's health agency' apparently means 'their ability to engage with and navigate the health system and their environment to avoid mortality and morbidity and to meet health needs,' whatever 'health needs' are. I would wager that in the minds of very few health policy analysts outside Ruger's circle of Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Vol. 12, No. 4, November 2011


Aerodynamic damper (1) with a joint device for forming a rotational axis for rotatably supporting the aerodynamic flap (1) to a wing part (10) or structural part having a during the intended coupling of the flap (1) to the wing part (10) (in the direction of flow S seen) in front of the axis of rotation located anterior flap portion (7) having a front edge line and situated behind the rotational axis of the rear flap portion (9), where (on the front flap portion 7) a plurality of over the span of the flap (1) distributed extension parts (13) are arranged, the ends of the exposed parts as seen from the axis of rotation beyond the front edge line of the flap (1) protrude, whereby the extension parts (13) are arranged fixedly and in such a way to the flap (1), that a surface of the extension parts (13) with the top or the bottom of the flap (1) forms an aerodynamically uniform surface and that the exposed ends of the United extention parts (13) are located at a deflection of the flap (1) for generating turbulence at an angle to the flow and these are oppositely directed and in a neutral position of the flap (1) below the boundary layer of the wing; and wings with such an aerodynamic flap (1).


The invention discloses a method for producing oat and fiberflax (flax ) nutritional meal, which belongs to the field of food processing and particularly relates to a method for processing convenient, instant and nutritional oat and fiberflax food by using oats, flax and red dates as main raw materials. The invention aims to provide the instant, convenient and nutritional oat and fiberflax(flax) seed nutritional food by fully playing the nutritional value of the oats and the fiberflax (flax) seeds and organically combining the oats and the fiberflax seeds. The method comprises: rinsing oats, moistening, steaming, fermenting part of oats by distiller's yeasts, filling the part of oats into small bags, sterilizing to obtain oat grain bags, tabletting the other part of oats, drying, filling into bags, mixing with fiberflax and red date grains, and packaging independently. The oat and fiberflax (flax) nutritional meal is taken by mixing with water. Thus, the production method is implemented.


This study proposes a modification for the binary logistic regression to treat time-dependent covariates for reliability studies. The proportional hazard model (PHM) properties are well suited for modeling survival data when there are categorical predictors; as it compares hazards to a reference category. However, time-dependent covariates present a challenge for the analysis as stratification does not produce hazards for the covariate stratified or creation of dummy time-dependent covariates faces difficulty on selecting the time interval for the interaction and the coefficient results may be difficult to interpret. The findings show that the logistic regression can provide equal or better results than the PHM applied for reliability analysis when time-dependent covariate is evaluated. The PHM is potentially preferred to address data set without time-dependent variables as it does not require any data manipulation. The logistic regression ignores the information on timing of the events; which is corrected by breaking each subject survival history into a set of discrete time intervals that are treated as distinct observations evaluated as a binary distribution. Recurrent events can be addressed by both methods with proper correction for lack of heterogeneity. The application of the modified logistic regression model for the study of reliability is innovative and with readily potential application for step-stress time-dependent accelerated life testing.


"If you ask me if it's worth it to live a lifestyle of serving others, my answer would be that I wouldn't have it any other way." —Giovanni Corso


This study aims at investigating the linguistic and educational factors affecting TOEFL scores, focusing on three OECD countries, Korea, Japan, and Finland. The data comprise document analysis on curriculums, websites, and literature. The findings reveal that the number of Korean test-takers and their TOEFL scores gradually increased year by year. Finnish test-takers consistently gained greatly high scores, and Japanese examinees showed the lowest scores. The languages Korean, Japanese, and Finnish are all far distant from English and receive little support on historical grounds from the Indo-European family tree. In Finland, however, Swedish which belongs to Indo-European languages is still used as an official language with Finnish. Korea and Finland adopt English education from Year 3 in primary school, whereas English is not an official subject in primary school at present in Japan. Finnish students are taught a foreign language in addition to English from primary school. These seem to support the result of the high TOEFL scores of Finnish test-takers. This study concludes that social context which includes linguistic and educational environments are the main factors which affect TOEFL scores.


In this paper we study microlocal regularity of a $\mathcal{C}^2$ solution $u$ of the equation \begin{equation*} u_t = f(x,t,u,u_x), \end{equation*} where $f(x,t,\zeta_0, \zeta)$ is ultradifferentiable in the variables $(x,t)\in \mathbb{R}^{N} \times \mathbb{R}$ and holomorphic in the variables $(\zeta_0,\zeta) \in \mathbb{C} \times \mathbb{C}^{N}$. We proved that if $\mathcal{C}^{\mathcal{M}}$ is a regular Denjoy-Carleman class (including the quasianalytic case) then: \begin{equation*} \mathrm{WF}_\mathcal{M} (u)\subset \mathrm{Char}(L^u), \end{equation*} where $\mathrm{WF}_\mathcal{M}(u)$ is the Denjoy-Carleman wave-front set of $u$ and $\mathrm{Char}(L^u)$ is the characteristic set of the linearized operator $L^u$: \begin{equation*} L^u = \dfrac{\partial}{\partial t} - \sum_{j=1}^{N}\frac{\partial f}{\partial\zeta_j}(x,t,u,u_x)\dfrac{\partial}{\partial x_j}. \end{equation*}


The objective of this study was to evaluate the non preference for feeding and biological aspects of Chrysodeixis includens in five cowpea genotypes (BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauame, BRS Guariba, BR17 Gurgueia and BR3 Tracuateua). In non preference for feeding assays were performed tests freechoice and no-choice for the evaluation of attractiveness, writing down the average number of larvae attracted to the leaf disks 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 , 120, 360 and 720 minutes after its release and dry matter consumed, using 20 replications. In the evaluation of the biological aspects of C. includens were evaluted following biological parameters: larval period duration, viability and weight of larvae at 10 days of age; pre-pupae duration of the period; pupal period duration, viability, weight after 24 hours of age and sex ratio; adult period – longevity, adult weight and the total number of eggs per female; larva-adult period – duration and viability, using a randomized design with six replications. The genotypes BRS Guariba and BR3 Tracuateua were less attractive. In relation to biological parameters evaluated, the insects fed of the BR3 Tracuateua genotype presented the worst rates and can relate this genotype as the least suitable for the development of C. includens. On the other hand the genotype BR17 Gurgueia was the most attractive to the 3rd instar larvae of C. includens, and the best among the genotypes for the development of this species.


In the given article aspects of communications of patriotic education of youth, as the directions of the state youth policy, with successful and stable development of Russia in the future are mentioned. The basic principle of ideology of modern patriotism declares the support to a native land and activity for the Fatherland blessing, respect of traditions. Patriotism is a leading position in the list of vital values of Russians.


Semantic reconciliation is an important step in determining logical connectivity between a data source (databcise) and a data receiver (application). Semantic reconciliation is used to determine if the semantics of the data provided by the source is meaningful to the receiver. In this paper we describe a rule-bzised approach to semantic specification and demonstrate how this specification can be used to establish semantic agreement between a source and receiver. We describe query processing techniques that use these specifications along with conversion routines and query modification to guarantee correct data semantics. In addition, this work examines the effect of changing data semantics. These changes may occur at the source of the data or they may be changes in the specifications of the data semantics for the application. Methods are described for detecting these changes and for determining if the database can continue to supply meaningful data to the application. Though described in terms of the source-receiver model, these techniques can also be used for semantic reconciliation aind schema integration for multidatabase systems.


issued a second ruling clarifying their first, in which they broaden the definition of "any risk" to include "any articulable risk beyond the minimal kind of risk that is inherent in any endeavor." This latest ruling relieves the fear of many researchers that the court had effectively banned nontherapeutic research on children in the state of Maryland. This decision regards two cases brought on appeal to the court by claimants suing the Kennedy Krieger Institute of Johns Hopkins University for alleged risks of lead poisoning to children volunteering as subjects in a lead abatement study. The study compared the efficacy of 4 different types of lead abatement by measuring the blood lead levels of subjects. A control group, living in leadfree housing, was also included in the trial. The defendants in the cases claim that Kennedy Krieger was negligent in allowing subjects to be exposed to the unnecessary risk of lead poisoning by having them remain in housing with insufficient lead abatement. They argue that informed consent measures were inadequate. Researchers who conducted the study, however, explain that at least an 80% reduction in lead dust was maintained in all of the subjects' homes, compared with other homes in the neighborhood. Furthermore, families of subjects were instructed on how to clean their houses to best reduce lead levels and were given cleaning supplies. On September 17, the Association of American Medical Colleges, the Association of American Universities, Johns Hopkins University, and the University of Maryland Medical System filed a brief arguing that the court-ordered restriction on research is draconian and would be severely damaging to research throughout the state of Maryland. They requested the court to either strike or substantially modify its restriction on research. This setback to Johns Hopkins comes on the heels of the short-lived but stunning shutdown of all federally funded research on human subjects throughout the Johns Hopkins health system following the death of a healthy research subject involved in an asthma study. The Office of Human Research Protections (OHRP) ordered the research ban on July 19, revoking it on July 23 after obtaining commitments from the University to improvements in protection of human subjects in clinical trials (see News article in JIM 2001;49:379). Since then, the university has conducted both internal and external reviews of their research policies. In late August, the external review committee commissioned by university president William R. Brody submitted a report in which it concurred with many of the recommendations put forth by a previous internal review committee and severely criticized the university's current clinical research oversight measures. The committee did, however, praise Johns Hopkins for its quick response to the concerns presented by the OHRP and its renewed commitment to the protection of human research subjects. University officials have embraced the recommendations of the external review committee and plan on taking action to make the much-needed improvements. Some of the proposed actions are as follows:


When reviewing Confucius's righteousness-benefit thought,many researchers used to focus only on the consistency in this thought between the whole Confucian School and Confucius himself,but ignore their differences.Confucius does not deny the benefit,but advocates the priority of righteousness while not ignoring the importance of benefit.He thinks that equal importance should be attached to righteousness and benefit and at the same time righteousness should be employed to control one's attention to benefit.Considering the reality of the socialist market economy,Confucius's righteousness and benefit view should be better understood and interpreted.Benefit is the precondition and foundation for righteousness,pursuing benefit for the people should be regarded as the highest value,and the socialist morality can be used to regulate people's behaviors of seeking benefit.In this way,a new-typed righteousness-benefit view can be established to meet the demands of the times and social development.