Economic theory suggests that the presence of undiversifiable background risks influences household portfolio choices. Households face significant location-specific background risks due to sea level rise (SLR). Using detailed local variation in SLR exposure and disaggregated geographic information on households in the United States, I show that SLR exposed homeowners are less likely to participate in the stock market and invest a smaller share of their financial wealth in risky assets, compared to unexposed homeowners in the same neighborhood. Differences in risk preferences and endogenous location choices are unable to explain this effect. Using plausibly exogenous variation stemming from the adoption of state-level climate change adaptation plans that reduced households' SLR risks, I provide causal evidence of the effect of SLR risks on portfolio allocation decisions. Following the adoption of such climate adaptation plans, SLR exposed households increase their stock market participation and hold a larger risky share in their financial wealth.


In recent years there has been the emergence of global and local anti-gender-based violence movements such as #MeToo and, in South Africa, #menaretrash, which has precipitated an increase in the disclosure of the names of the alleged perpetrators of sexual violence by the survivors. The increase in the disclosure of these names has been met with the intensification of legal processes by alleged perpetrators to counter and silence survivors.
This case note will focus on the recent appeal case of S v P 2022 2 SACR 81 (WCC) in the High Court of South Africa, Western Cape Division, in Cape Town. In this case the court had to consider whether the court a quo was correct in issuing a final protection order (in terms of the Protection from Harassment Act 17 of 2011) against the appellant (S) where the court a quo found that her act of harassment was a third party's public disclosure of the respondent (P) as her rapist.
It will be argued that the Western Cape High Court was correct in finding that the court a quo should not have issued a final protection order against S. It will be further argued that the reasons to overturn this decision included the court a quo's failure to appreciate the gendered purpose of the Protection from Harassment Act and that P misused and abused the Act in order to silence S. It will then be argued that one of the reasons why survivors choose to disclose alleged perpetrators' names on social platforms is a societal contextual reason, which includes the high rates of gender-based violence in South Africa alongside the high rates of attrition in gender-based violence cases in the criminal justice system.
Finally, I will consider the cases of Mdlekeza v Gallie 2021 (WCHC) (unreported) case number 15490/2020 of 20 April 2021 and Booysen v Major (WCHC) (unreported) case number 5043/2021 of 30 August 2012 and argue that these cases are further examples of this abuse of process employed to silence survivors. With the courts seeing an increase in these applications to silence victims, it is argued that the courts must adopt a feminist-contextualised approach in order to avoid gagging survivors of gender-based violence and being complicit in the increasing weaponisation of court processes by alleged perpetrators.


Chapter 6 explores the political economy of art in urban spaces marked by waves of dispossession and social segmentation. Formerly inhabited by minorities, the physical "voids" of Istanbul and Berlin have become nexuses for the enterprising art and aestheticizing business in contexts of urban and national governance that identify art primarily as an economic expediency and tool for urban renewal. Gentrification is just one—but perhaps the most visible—component of this dynamic in which artists are both complicit and resistant. The chapter anchors this discussion in the biennials that both cities host. It shows how these events as proclaimed realms of artistic experimentation have been increasingly streamlined to accommodate normative frames of for-profit enterprise that in turn likens it workings to that of creative labor. I argue that the spectacularization of art in urban space through the format of large-scale arts event has been vital in disavowing the violence of the 1980 coup d'état in Turkey and the specter of Nazism that haunted the lead-up to and aftermath of Germany's reunification. Finally, the chapter takes a look at the counterstrategies that artists develop to (re)claim urban spaces for artistic interventions as well as for engagements with their difficult pasts.


AIMS
To establish a nutritional and constitutional profile concerning the micronutrient plasma concentration of patients who suffer from AWS.

METHOD
Observational case control study to determine whether patients who exhibited symptoms of AWS (N = 60) had micronutrient plasmatic concentration deficiencies when compared with healthy controls (N = 34).

RESULTS
There were statistically significant differences between the concentrations of nutrients that are correlated with glutamate hyperactivity (zinc, magnesium and folate/vitamin B12/homocysteine).

CONCLUSION
Evidence from literature and our experiment suggests that brain activity, especially the glutamatergic system, might be directly involved in micronutrient concentrations. Therefore, their supplementation to the AWS patient might improve symptom evolution.


T HE term "newer therapy," as applied to pneumonia, may mean one thing today and something very different tomorrow. Less than two years ago, specific serum was considered the last word in pneumonia therapy. By its use, the mortality rate from pneumococcus pneumonia, in our larger hospitals, was reduced by 50 per cent. Then came a discovery which has again halved the death rate. Since Erlich's discovery of salvarsan, we have hoped for a chemical agent which would inhibit


We show that the standard decision-directed estimatedgradient adaptation algorithm for joint MSE equalization and carrier recovery, normally utilized in the open-eye condition, can be turned into an algorithm providing effective blind convergence in the MSE sense, usable in the closed-eye startup phase with no need of a known training sequence. This is obtained by means of a simple flag telling both the equalizer and the synchronizer whether the current output error with respect to the decided symbol is sufficiently reliable to be used. If not, adaptation is stopped for the current iteration. In the paper, this "stopand-go" decision-directed algorithm is presented for both linear and decision-feedback MSE complex equalizers with joint blind carrier recovery. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.


AlxGa1-xN (x = 0.15 and 0.77) films, grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy, were implanted with 300 keV Tm ions. Implantation damage accumulation is investigated with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry/channeling (RBS/C), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD). Distinct damage behavior for samples with different AlN contents was found. Surface nanocrystallization occurs for samples with x = 0.15, similar to implantation effects observed in GaN. Samples with x = 0.77 approach the behavior of AlN. In particular, surface nanocrystallization is suppressed and the depth range of the stacking fault network, typical for implanted III-nitrides, is decreased. The crystalline quality of the sample with x = 0.15 was investigated to compare random and channeled implantation, showing less concentration of damage but with a higher range for channeled implantation. Surprisingly, the strain field caused by the implantation reaches much deeper into the sample than the defect ...


This paper will analyze the construction of gender in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election for the two primary candidates—Ann Richards and George W. Bush. This analysis invites two conclusions: The gender identities constructed for both Ann Richards and George W. Bush entailed a combination of traditionally masculine and feminine images and themes, as well as an articulation of particularly "feminist" issues. The result was the construction of a woven gender both rhetorically useful and increasingly utilized by both sexes in mediated politics.


The autonomous ability of autonomous control strategy is the core of unmanned vehicle. At present, the autonomous ability test is mainly carried out through the actual road test, which is limited by the situation of test site, the number of test scenarios and test data collection. At the same time, it is difficult to reproduce a variety of dangerous scenarios, which makes the existing methods unable to meet the rapid test of all-round autonomous ability of unmanned driving control strategy. Aiming at the above problems, a fast test method of autonomous ability of unmanned driving control strategy in dangerous scene is proposed. Firstly, a new test model of autonomous ability is established to test the autonomous ability of unmanned vehicles from the four dimensions of "human intervention degree", "basic control ability", "environmental complexity" and "task execution". Secondly, the formal description method of dangerous scene is established to quickly realize the dangerous scene in the virtual scene, and the autonomous ability test platform based on virtual simulation environment is constructed, and then the autonomous ability test of unmanned driving control strategy is carried out. Finally, two different control strategies of unmanned vehicles are tested in more than 40 dangerous scenarios by using the built autonomous ability test model in the virtual simulation platform. The results show that the autonomous ability rapid test method can comprehensively test the driving control strategy of unmanned vehicles, and quickly discover the defects of the control strategy, so as to finally be unmanned Suggestions are put forward to verify and improve the autonomous ability of vehicle control strategy.


ABSTRACT Morphologically similar species are often overlooked but molecular techniques have been effective in signalling potential hidden diversity, boosting the documentation of unique evolutionary lineages and ecological diversity. Platynereis dumerilii and Platynereis massiliensis are part of a recognised species complex, where differences in the reproductive biology have mainly been highlighted to date. Analyses of DNA sequence data (COI, 16S rDNA and D2 region of the 28S rDNA) of populations of the apparent morphotype of P. dumerilii obtained from a broader sampling area along European marine waters, including the Azores and Webbnesia islands (Madeira and Canaries), provided compelling evidence for the existence of at least 10 divergent evolutionary lineages. Complementing the genetic data, morphological observations of the better represented lineages revealed two major groups with distinctive paragnath patterns. Two new Platynereis species were erected: P. nunezi sp. nov., widespread in the Azores and Webbnesia islands, and P. jourdei sp. nov., restricted to the western Mediterranean. The new combination P. agilis is also proposed for Nereis agilis, previously unaccepted for one of the lineages present both in the Northeast Atlantic and western Mediterranean. Platynereis dumerilii is redescribed based on topotypic material. However, uncertainty in the identity of P. massiliensis due to the original brief description and the absence of type and topotypic material prevents the unequivocal assignment to the lineage assumed in this and previous studies. The remaining five lineages are represented by only a few small specimens with morphological features poorly preserved and were therefore not described in this study.


Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection remains a significant global public health problem. This study aimed to study the prevalence of HP infection and treatment outcomes in Thailand.


The construction of information of grass-roots public security organs is an important critical content of "the three-building" carried out by public security organs,is an effective solution to the current grass-roots public security organs' poor intelligence and information,the low effectiveness of the work,the weak combat effectiveness.The main ways of grass-roots public security organs' information construction are: to enhance understanding of the concept of information,to guide the work of public security;perfect the mechanism;to ensure the information requirements of rigid construction;reasonable input to wider application of information technology platform structures;scientific training,use targeted training to enhance police force;the entire police collect information in order to connect the network information highway;all the police use,improve the overall combat effectiveness correctly and effectively;strengthen the assessment in order to test and promote training efforts to ensure that all police standards;to enhance services to meet the needs of the masses stimulate enthusiasm for the construction of police information.


Purpose : This study conducted the following experiment to examine change of cardiovascular function and Activities of daily living on chest mobility exercise and chest stretching exercise to chronic...


This article introduces and defines the concept and criteria of the "zone of high environmental hazard" towards application of this legal category in legislation and law enforcement. Author reveals the peculiarities of intersectoral legal regulation of the relations when using the objects of high environmental hazard in public circulation, as well as considers the approaches of Russian and foreign law enforcement to protect the interests of citizens and society as a whole against the negative effects of high-risk facilities to the environment. The priority of the public interest with respect to the environmental component of the state's functions and measures to implement the protection of the civil rights and legitimate interests are formalized.


1Student, Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab (India) 2AP, Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab (India) ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The article presents a compact Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader antenna for 5GInternet of Things applications. The proposed antenna consists of array of four double sided printed dipoles (DSPD) to be operated at 60GHz unlicensed band. The designed array fed by integrated 1:4 power divider significantly meets the specifications required for RFID application at millimeter wave range to be used in upcoming 5G communication systems. Taconic TLX-8 substrate has been used to satisfy the dielectric properties at millimeter wave frequency. The proposed RFID antenna is designed and simulated using full wave EM solver Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave studio. After the parametric study and analysis, comparison of the designed printed array for RFID reader has been done with that of existing literature and found better in terms of gain and bandwidth with reduction in size of antenna.


The title compound, C 10 H 8 N 2 O 3 S, exists as a zwitterion, 6-(2-pyridinio)pyridine-3-sulfonate, following deprotonation of the sulfonic acid group and protonation of the N atom of the unsubstituted pyridyl ring. The orientation of this N-H bond facilitates the formation of hydrogen-bonded dimers via two N-H...O hydrogen bonds.


The IR- and Raman-active phonon frequencies, as well as the elastic constants of orthorhombic GeSe, were calculatedas a function of hydrostatic pressure using the method of density functional in the ABINIT software package. Comparison with the published results of theoretical calculations and experimental data of the pressure dependence of Raman-active phonons has been carried out. Our calculations show that at a pressure of about 29 GPa the crystal structure of GeSe undergoes a continuous transition from simple orthorhombic to base-centered orthorhombic lattice.


Summary Direct current resistivity (DCR) method is one of the most commonly applied geophysical exploration methods. The development of data acquisition techniques enables the acquisition of multiple data sets of various electrode arrays with a little extra measurement time in comparison with the time that needs to install the system. Accordingly, the data processor is required to utilise as much as possible useful information to build a more reliable geoelectrical model. This study aims to test using the co-operative inversion process to the multiple data sets of various electrode configurations. We use a synthetic model with the most common electrode arrays: Wenner-Schlumberger (WS), Dipole-Dipole (DD), Pole-Dipole (PD) and Pole-Pole to investigate the possibility of the co-operative inversion schemes. The results show that the co-operative inversion of the combined data sets is better than the inversion of the individual ones. The order of inversion for each data set can produce different results. Fuzzy c-means constraint may assist the inversion to produce better results.


It's suggested to use spatial filters to increase WIMAX apparatus noise immunity and quality of video information transmission. Experimental researches of such filters transmission coefficient proved expedience of their use.


This paper consists of a case study on blind woman with the possibility of genetic transmission. The paper aims to understand the motivation for procreation, existential dilemmas experienced by blind mother and moral judgments that determined her choice. The social group expressed moral judgments sustained rational beliefs and values of the collective unconscious about the disability. The health professionals used empirical principles of bioethics regarding life and dignity. However, some of them left a gap in terms of special care for a blind woman. Concluded that there was a conflict that has raised moral decision-making mother heteronymous, based on moral judgments legislated by the natural inclinations for procreation. Key-words: Ethics, Nursing; Personal Autonomy; Blindness; Pregnancy


ABSTRACT In this work we investigated the thermal conductivity of tetrabenzo[8]circulene (TB8C) through the Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (EMD) simulations. Through this investigation we propose an estimated value for the thermal conductivity of TB8C not yet reported in the literature. The TB8C thermal conductivity was simulated for different temperatures. We compared the average thermal conductivity value, (216 ± 2) W m−1 K−1 with the simulated thermal conductivity of graphene, carbon nanotube and C80H30 molecule, reported in the literature. This comparison suggests that the size and structure containing defects of TB8C, in relation to the intrinsic graphene plane hexagonal structure model, are responsible for its good thermal conductivity. To clarify the mechanism of the thermal behaviour of TB8C, we calculated the Phonon Density of States (PHDOS) and compared with C80H30 and graphene. When compared to graphene, a higher phonon density of state is observed for the TB8C in the frequency range from 0 to 10 THz, which may be an explanation for the high thermal conductivity of the TB8C. By calculating the group velocity, we proposed the hypothesis that the lifetime of phonons, for TB8C, should be greater than that of graphene and proposed that thermal transport should occur, predominantly, in ballistic form.


The well-known British geneticist, Professor F. A. E. Crew, of the University of Edinburgh, in a p-late illustrating his article, "Albino," in the fourteenth edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, gives an excellent figure showing albinism in the common European lobster, Homar1lS gammarus (L.). This unusual figure and record, as one of the few reported cases of albinism among the Crustacea, deserves more than passing comment. Albinism among animals is a long-recognized phenomenon, and has been. mentioned by the early writers in Natural History as occurring in such animal groups as insects, fishes, birds, and mammals: In the mammals, such familiar races as albino .strains of th~ common rodents, the rat


Aristotle says little about moral badness [kakia], but his four central claims about it suffice to entail a rich and plausible account. Badness is the disposition opposed to virtue, and so symmetrical with it in various ways; it is acquired by habituation; it is unlike akrasia in that the bad person's reason endorses his wrong actions; and this endorsement involves the exercise of a corrupted reason. The activity of corrupted reason must be a kind of (as we now say) motivated reasoning—rationalization, denial and the like—which serves to conceal the correct ends of action from the corrupt person and to sustain their habitual bad behaviour. Although badness is located in the non-rational soul, it is this corruption of reason which turns it into a stable disposition.


Hot-dip zinc coated steel sheet is extensively used to improve the corrosion protection of steel constructions. When the sheet is formed cracks in the zinc coating develop in strained areas. The zi ...


Advertising income is a vital source of revenue for television stations. The arrangements made when customers purchase television advertising time should consider customer requirements, relevant laws and regulations, and the need to fill all available advertising time. This study presents an ant colony optimization (ACO) heuristic for establishing an effective and simple mechanism for solving the problem of scheduling television advertisements. The proposed mechanism was based on network structuring and recursive calculation methods. In the proposed approach, the scheduling mechanism and ACO heuristics are developed separately, improving the performance of the method in advertising scheduling by varying parameters or settings within the ACO heuristic and enabling the application to be flexibly modified by adjusting the scheduling criterion.


M edical S tudent S ection UCI EMIG Students Stress the Deadly Consequences of Drinking to Santa Ana Seniors Nicolas T. Sawyer, MSIV Marcus L. Williams, MSIII University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA Figure 1. A high school student volunteers as a mock victim involved in a traffic fatality. Figure 2. A high school student volunteer is placed on a gurney while Santa Ana Firefighters put on a neck brace. On Thursday, May 13, 2010, University of California Irvine's (UCI) Emergency Medicine Interest Group (EMIG) held its local community outreach event, "Not Just Another Drink," at Santa Ana Valley High School. "Not Just Another Drink" is a medical student-run DUI awareness program that combines aspects of educational programs, including "Every 15 Minutes," and Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) DUI awareness campaigns. The EMIG medical students created this program in 2008 with the help of the UCI Medical Center Emergency Departmental (ED) staff and the Santa Ana Fire and Police Departments. Together, UCI and its affiliates have worked hard to educate over 900 high school seniors in the Santa Ana and Orange County community in just two short years. This year, UCI EMIG presented "Not Just Another Drink" before 400 high school students one week prior to their high school prom. Our intention was to deliver a message that would ring loud and clear on prom night, especially if students were considering drinking and driving or getting into the car of a friend who had been drinking. The program began with a live scene depicting the immediate aftermath of a high-speed motor vehicle collision, and the students watched as paramedics, firefighters and police officers approached the scene as if it were a real critical trauma incident. The scene was narrated Volume XI, no . 4 : September 2010 by the Santa Ana Fire Department captain, which helped the students better understand what they were observing. The six students who played mock victims wore stage make- up to reflect their extensive, and for some, life-threatening injuries. The mock victims included one fatality (Figure 1), two critically (Figure 2) and two moderately injured victims, and an unharmed drunk driver. The high school seniors watched silently as the Santa Ana Fire Department performed a vehicle extrication; at the same time, the Santa Ana Police Department conducted a live field sobriety test on the driver, resulting in his arrest for DUI. The mock accident was immediately followed by a presentation by Bharath Chakravarthy, MD, from the UCI Medical Center Emergency Department. In his talk, he spoke of the dangers of drinking and driving, presented real-life scenarios and photographs of DUI victims treated in the ED. The students then broke out into small discussion groups, led by UCI medical students, to discuss their thoughts, using the MADD curriculum. The students had an opportunity to explore their feelings and share their reactions to what they had just witnessed. Additionally, a number of police officers participated in the small-group sessions and shared their experiences with the tragedies of drunk driving. We received an extraordinarily positive response CAL/AAEM Newsletter


2-Amino-3,6-dimethoxy-4,5-methylenedioxybenzoic acid (12) was prepared from 1,4-dimethoxy-2,3-methylenedioxybenzene (8) via the isatin (11). The benzyne generated from (12) was intercepted with 3-acetyl-2-ethoxy-4-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]furan (4) to give the naphthol (27), which on treatment with cericammonium nitrate gave the dimethyl ether of ventilone A(29). Demethylation with boron tribromide then affordedventilone A (1).


A model of entrepreneurial and innovative European engineers and their interaction with the environment through networks and cooperation is developed using examples from France, the Netherlands, and Germany. Among the literature, it has been found that French engineers were more interested in pure science than in solving difficult technical problems with less concern about immediate marketability. The Dutch were found to build their businesses around a "consensus" principle—i.e., everyone should have input and everyone must reach a consensus on an agreeable solution. German engineers were found to build their business practices around a "competence first" principle. Findings indicate that cooperation between startups in Europe is not a question only of national culture. A perfect innovation culture seems to merge not only at the national level, but also should match perfectly the professional culture of the European engineers and the corporate culture of their firms. Entrepreneurial and innovative engineers also need a strong interaction with their environment, be it within the firms they wish to leave or, once started, in the search of partners and a market for their innovative ideas. However, the natural and cultural diversity brought in by managers and engineers from different European countries in start-up cooperation may help in overcoming potential challenges. (JSD)


ABSTRACT The influence of the intensity and timing of precommercial thinning (PCT) on stand development and financial return was studied in Scots pine stands. Functions describing the early development of the stand structure after PCT were developed. The functions were based on 195 plots within 41 PCT experiments in Sweden. The dimension distribution of the established stand was estimated and used as input to the decision support system Heureka, to simulate the stand development until final felling. The studied treatments included PCT to 1000, 2000 and 3000 stems ha−1 at mean heights of 2, 4 and 6 m. Separate simulations were carried out for different site fertilities. Mean annual volume increment increased with increasing number of stems after PCT whereas the timing of PCT had only a small effect. The land expectation value (LEV) generally decreased with increasing mean height at PCT, primarily because of the increased cost of PCT. LEV decreased with increasing number of stems after PCT at low fertility sites whereas only minor differences were found for PCT to 1000 and 2000 stems ha−1 at medium and high fertility sites. The general pattern persisted when different scenarios of future timber quality were simulated.


THIS was a case of pansinusitis, in which the double frontal sinus suppuration had been practically cured by intranasal operations, particularly removal of fronto-ethmoidal cells, followed by lavage, together with double intranasal radical antral operations, and partial removal of ethmoidal cells and opening up of sphenoidal sinuses. The patient was a solicitor, aged 54, who, in 1907, had become very depressed, and carried on his profession with very grave difficulty. He had suffered from a red swollen purplish nose since boyhood, and the doughy, pitted, purple-veined nose was a distinct disfigurement. Sinusitis was probably determined originally by a septal deflection, but when the patient was first seen it had extended to all the accessory sinuses. He was to-day a quick, busy solicitor with a large practice in London, and had completely lost his depression and aprosexia. He was shown now, four years after the last operation was performed, to illustrate the advantages of not operating by radical external methods in cases where intranasal operation relieved symptoms and gave good drainage.


The first excavation season at Tel Shimron brought to light a well-preserved hematite cylinder seal of outstanding artistic quality dating to the Middle Bronze IIA–B. The depicted creatures belong to the Egyptian and Syro-Levantine art spheres, but their rendering and the integration of additional pictorial elements conforms more to the latter. Stylistically, the seal relates to the Northern Levantine coastal region, and in particular to a group characterized by its deep and fluid linear carvings and plastic modeling of animal bodies in motion. Together with an example from Tell el-ʿAjjul, its discovery in the Jezreel Plain marks the southern-most secured findspot for a seal of this style, and offers a welcome opportunity for a renewed discussion on processes of artistic interaction and hybridization in the Middle Bronze Age Levant.


Objective To determine the safety of general anesthesia induced by propofolum and Remifentanil during cesarean section for neonates.Methods Singleton pregnantwomen forwhom elective cesarean sections were planned after 37 gestation weekswere allocated to general anesthesia(group A)or intraspinal anesthesia(group B).General anesthesiawas induced with Remifentanil(1.0μg/kg),propofol(2.0mg/kg)followed by tracheal intubation.We studied arterial samples with drawn from the infants afterbirth for the pH,PaO2,PaCO2,and Apgar score.Results The pH,PaO2,PaCO2,and Apgar score were no difference during the anesthesia between two groups.Conclusion The study suggests that general anesthesia for the elective cesarean section does not influence significantly the outcome of the newborn infants.


This paper discusses existing Capability Maturity Model (CMM) derivative frameworks [i.e., People Capability Maturity Model (PCMM), Project Management Maturity Model (PMM), etc.]. Other derivatives are also discussed. Through a discussion of various process-related issues, the goal of these CMM derivatives is to increase production within industry settings.


Competency means to be suitable and it originates in the psychological problems indicating individual abilities in replying for the environmental fined demands. Daniel Goleman (1995), the founder of emotional intelligence divided the individual competencies in to 5 categories: Self-awareness, emotional management, motivation, empathy and social skills. The individual competency shows a collection of ideas, skills and values which enables individual to work effectively and help positively to organization and to customers. This research with regard to prioritization and assignment of factor importance and indicators of one of the competency dimensions of managers based on Goleman's work from the middle manager's view point in the field method and with the multispecification decision-making process tries to categorize and value the individual competencies indicators of mangers. In this relation, we first recognize the different dimensions of managers' competencies and then study exactly the individual competencies of managers in 5 basis factors and detailed indicators. The findings show that the factors, of importance, are: empathy (0/316), social skills (0/255), Self-management (0/176), self-awareness (0/143) and motivation (0/110). These factors also consisted of indicators and the results show their indicators importance unequally.


Abstract : The frequency and the risk of laboratory infections are often underestimated. Studies on the number of people infected in laboratories have shown that the possibility of an infection with pathogens, which are under investigation, is greater than is generally believed. The method of infection and the source of the infection may vary widely. The danger of infection is equivalent to that for people working in a hospital-station where infectious illnesses are treated.


With the growing use of Web technologies in various critical applications, it is important for a Computer Science student, whether undergraduate or graduate, to gain experience in developing multi-tier Web-based applications. These applications provide access to data and service from a remote server, which may in turn access databases distributed across the enterprise network or the Internet. The fact that the Web is becoming the next-generation computing platform makes the introduction of Web-based application development into the Computer Science curriculum an important task. In the new Computing Curricula 2001 report [6], net-centric computing is one of the components in the Computer Science Body of Knowledge, as recommended by the joint ACM/IEEE Task Force on Computing Curricula. In this paper, we first analyze the current practice of teaching Webbased Development, including our own experience, and then propose an integrated design of a Web-based Development course to be adopted as an NC3 course (Building Web Applications ) as categorized in Computing Curricula 2001.


International studies have reported that injuries and complications during hospital admissions affect nearly 1 in 10 patients and that up to 50 % are the direct result of errors and therefore preventable. In Sweden, the figures are similar. The often cited report, To err is human – building a safer health system by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) emphasises the system approach in preventing future errors by designing safety into systems and not to blame individuals for past errors. This approach has also been implemented into the Swedish healthcare system through the Patient Safety Act and through the formation of a new agency in 2013, the Health and Social Care Inspectorate (IVO). Emergency departments (EDs) have a front position in Swedish healthcare in that a high percentage of patients have their first contact with hospital care in EDs. The ED environment has been described as complex and dynamic and one in which errors often occur. Research on patient safety in the ED has increasingly grown, with recent findings indicating that crowding, interruptions and multitasking all contribute to errors. However, there remains little knowledge on patient safety in Swedish EDs. The overall aim of this thesis was therefore to increase our knowledge about errors, interruptions and staff experience of patient safety risks in the ED. The specific aims in paper I and II were to describe the incidence and types of reported errors and complaints in ED care and their contributing factors. In paper III the aims were to explore interruptions occurring during common activities of clinicians and their perceptions of interruptions. The final paper was designed to describe physicians and registered nurses' (RNs) perceptions and management of patient safety risks in the ED. In this descriptive project qualitative and quantitative data were collected from national registries and through observations of and interviews with ED clinicians. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis and non-parametric statistics. The results represent the frequencies and characteristics of reported errors and complaints in Swedish ED care. The overall result shows that the most common errors that care providers, healthcare staff and patients reported were those concerned with diagnostic procedures, treatments and organisational matters. The contributing factors to errors in cases reported to the National Board of Health and Welfare were multifactorial: the most common contributing factor was human error that occurred most often during diagnostic procedures, followed by factors in the local environment. Interruptions took place most often on a face-to-face basis and during information exchange. Preparation of medication was the most interrupted activity in relative terms. Interruptions were not always perceived as negative, and negative feelings of interruptions were related to a disturbed work process. The physicians and RNs perceived high workload as the main patient safety concern in the ED. The most common strategy to prevent errors was to check and double check. Because the RNs felt responsible for managing patient safety risks, they reported using a strategy of taking command and control if they felt that patient safety was in jeopardy. The level of information detail varied and was sometimes missing in the different national and local registries. Further, we found that internal investigations and root cause analysis were sometimes missing entirely. These shortcomings constitute a risk of missing important patient safety risks and limit the development of solutions that can improve such safety. Latent conditions, such as high workload, were rarely identified and interruptions were ever identified as a contributing factor in cases reported to the National Board of Health and Welfare. The clinicians perceived high workload as the main patient safety concern in the emergency department. Interruptions during high workload were seen as increasing the risk for communication and medication errors. Some RNs taking command and control when patient safety was threatened indicating that RNs may play an important role in patient safety.


This study compares victim conceptualisation of bullying and witness reactions to the behaviour in Turkey and Australia. Data was collected from 139 university students from Business disciplines in the two countries. Findings suggest that there are many similarities in bullying scenarios across the two cultures, however, differences in themes and witness responses were identified. Further analysis suggests that these differences are attributable to cultural factors. This study contributes to the literature by increasing understanding of the complex dynamics of workplace bullying in cross-cultural and diverse contexts. Findings also offer insights to managers, human resources practitioners and policy makers in devising culture-appropriate prevention and intervention strategies.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the trends regarding diet and exercise intervention studies for Korean obese children between 2010 and 2017. Methods: This study was synthesized and reviewed systematically by meta-analysis. In addition, a total of thirty nine studies were investiga...


The award was given to Lederberg in recognition of his contributions to the field of forensic DNA identity testing at its
 5th Annual Conference on the Future of DNA in New York on May 8-9, 2000.


Emotional intelligence (EQ) is that part of the human spirit which motivates one to perform and provides the energy to demonstrate positive behaviours. For this pilot study the value of EQ
for success in post-graduate studies was investigated. Of the 80 post-graduate students in education who completed the EQ-map questionnaire, a sample of ten were selected to
represent two categories of academic success (n=5) and two categories of partial or no success (n=5). The EQ-profiles provide some indication that high responses at the optimal and
proficient levels of most of the identified scales seem to differentiate between upper level successful and lower level unsuccessful students. Successful students appear to be strong on
quality of life and optimal performance, while unsuccessful students have negative emotions.
Most post-graduate students experience high levels of life pressures. It seems that EQ does
have some value in securing success in post-graduate studies.


A model composed of a transmission-line structure with a Randles-type circuit is regarded as a useful model for lithium-ion battery electrodes. However, when used for the impedance fitting analyses, the parameters needed to be given for calculations, the parameters to be practically obtained, and the accuracy of the obtained values have not been clarified yet. Herein, we reveal that parameters in this model can practically be obtained simultaneously from the impedance fitting calculations when the values of transmission-line length and diffusion length are provided. Then, their accuracy is investigated by examining the correlations between the parameters in the fitting calculations.


To the Editor: Juvenile polyposis (JP, OMIM 174900) is an autosomal dominant syndrome in which affected individuals may develop colonic hamartomatous polyps, upper gastrointestinal (GI) polyps, and a pre-disposition to GI cancer (1–3). Two predisposing genes for JP have been identified thus far, with MADH4 and BMPR1A each accounting for approximately 20% of cases (4–6). Some patients with JP also have hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) (7, 8). The genes pre-disposing to HHT are ENG (HHT1, OMIM 131195) (9) and ACVR1 (HHT2, OMIM 601284) (10, 11). Both genes are members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-b) superfamily, like MADH4 and BMPR1A. Gallione et al. foundMADH4 germline mutations in seven families with both JP and HHT but no mutations of ENG or ACVR1 (12). We previously found no ACVR1 mutations in 32 patients with JP without HHT,MADH4mutation, or BMPR1A mutation (6). Sweet recently reported that 2 of 14 patients with JP had germline ENG mutations and suggested a role for this gene in the causation of JP (13). The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of ENG mutations in patients meeting the diagnostic criteria for JP who did not have germline mutations ofMADH4 or BMPR1A. All exons and intron–exon boundaries of MADH4 and BMPR1A were sequenced in probands with JP and sporadic cases (6), and in 31 mutation-negative cases, all exons and intron– exon boundaries of ENG were amplified and sequenced. When sequence variants were found, these exons were amplified from a panel of 132 randomly selected individuals and subjected to restriction enzyme digestion, allowing detection of the mutant or wild-type sequence. The results of ENG sequencing are shown in Table 1. One patient with multiple juvenile polyps diagnosed at age of 8 was homozygous for a 14C.T (T5M) substitution. Markers D9S934 and D9S1825 were both heterozygous ( 9 and 3 Mb centromeric to ENG, respectively) and D9S2157 was homozygous in this patient ( 5 Mb telomeric to ENG). A second patient with multiple juvenile polyps diagnosed at the age of 5 was heterozygous for the 14C.T (T5M) mutation. Three of 132 controls digested with SphI also manifested this change. A third patient with multiple juvenile polyps diagnosed at age 9 had a 1096G.C mutation (D366H), which was not found in control samples digested with HgaI. The patients with JP with ENG mutations did not have clinical manifestations, a family history of HHT, or upper GI polyps and had a mean age of 7.4 years (vs 14.4 years for those without ENG mutations). The 14C.T(T5M) substitution has been described in patients with HHT and is believed to be a polymorphism rather than a diseasecausing mutation (14, 15), with an approximately 2% incidence in controls (16, 17). The 1096G.C(D366H) substitution has also been described as a polymorphism in families with HHT (18, 19), with an allele frequency of 0.3–1% of controls (16, 17). Sweet et al. found two ENG mutations in 14 patients with JP found to be negative for MADH4, BMPR1A and PTEN mutations (13). Both patients had an early onset of disease (at ages 3 and 5 years) and no stigmata of HHT. One patient with JP had the change 1538A.G (K531R) and the other 1711C.T (R571C), which were not found in 105 controls, and have not been described in patients with HHT (15). Sweet et al. concluded that these children had a new, genetically defined form of JP. Gallione et al. found that seven probands with both JP and HHT had germline MADH4 mutations, while none had ENG or ACVR1 mutations and suggested that the overlap of JP and HHT phenotypes could be because of the varied effects of perturbing the TGF-b pathway in different cell types (20). The findings of the current study do not confirm the suggestion that ENG is


Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy offers exquisite and specific contrast to optical absorption. Conventional approaches generally involves raster scanning a focused spot over the sample. Here, we demonstrate that a full-field illumination approach with multiple speckle illumination can also provide diffraction-limited optical-resolution photoacoustic images. Two different proof-of-concepts are demonstrated with micro-structured test samples. The first approach follows the principle of correlation/ghost imaging,1, 2 and is based on cross-correlating photoacoustic signals under multiple speckle illumination with known speckle patterns measured during a calibration step. The second approach is a speckle scanning microscopy technique, which adapts the technique proposed in fluorescence microscopy by Bertolotti and al.:3 in our work, spatially unresolved photoacoustic measurements are performed for various translations of unknown speckle patterns. A phase-retrieval algorithm is used to reconstruct the object from the knowledge of the modulus of its Fourier Transform yielded by the measurements. Because speckle patterns naturally appear in many various situations, including propagation through biological tissue or multi-mode fibers (for which focusing light is either very demanding if not impossible), speckle-illumination-based photoacoustic microscopy provides a powerful framework for the development of novel reconstruction approaches, well-suited to compressed sensing approaches.2


This paper presents a fast tool that can be used during the preliminary design of isotropic and composite stiffened panels subjected to axial compression. It consists of two modules, one for the analysis and one for the optimization. The analysis is performed by implementing an analytical formulation to obtain the linearized buckling load and to study the nonlinear postbuckling field. In particular, closed-form solutions are derived for the linearized local and global buckling loads, and a semi-analytical procedure is implemented for the study of the nonlinear local postbuckling field. The optimization is based on genetic algorithms and allows taking into account buckling and postbuckling requirements with reduced computational time. Two examples regarding the minimum weight optimization of an isotropic panel and a composite panel are discussed and verified by means of finite element eigenvalue and nonlinear analyses. The total time required for the analysis and the optimization is of the order of a few minutes, and the difference between the analytical and numerical results is below 9 % for the buckling load and below 3% for the postbuckling stiffness.


Density functional theory has been spectacularly successful in physics, chemistry, and related fields, and it keeps finding new applications. This paper gives an overview of the history of the method and its many applications since it gained wide acceptance, as well as a discussion of its likely future.


Review on KLLN (killin, p53-regulated DNA replication inhibitor), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.


In the analysis of data collected in Particle Physics experiments, the use of the best statistical techniques can produce a better quality result. Given that statistical computations are not expensive while accelerators and detectors are, it is clearly worthwhile to invest some effort on the former. The PHYSTAT series of Conferences and Workshops has been devoted to just this topic. It started at CERN in January 2000 with a Workshop on Confidence Limits what one can say about the maximum possible strength of a hypothesised signal when no effect is seen in the data. The latest Workshop was held at Banff in the Canadian Rockies in July this year. This was also the culmination of the Workshop which had taken place earlier in the year at SAMSI (Statistical and Applied Mathematical Sciences Institute) in the North Carolina Research Triangle Park. The Workshop was attended by 33 people, of whom 13 were statisticians, the remainder being mostly experimental Particle Physicists, with Astrophysicists making up the total. There were 3 graduate students. The Workshop concentrated on 3 specific topics: a) Upper Limits, in situations where there are systematic effects ("nuisance parameters"). b) Assessing the significance of possible interesting effects, in the presence of nuisance parameters. The subject of significance will hopefully be relevant for experiments


A new catalytic kinetic spectrophotometry method for the determination of trace Se(IV) has been developed. The method is based on the catalytic effect of Se(IV) on the oxidation of Chlorophosphonazo-mA with KBrO_3 in the medium of H_2SO_4. The linear range of this method is 0.3—1.0μg/10mL for Se(IV).It has been applied to the determination of Se(IV) in water with satisfactory results.


In this paper, we explore the problem of mapping ltering web services on largescale heterogeneous platforms. Two important optimization criteria should be considered in such a framework. The period, which is the inverse of the throughput, measures the rate at which data sets can enter the system. The latency measures the response time of the system in order to process one single data set entirely. Both criteria are antagonistic. For homogeneous platforms, the complexity of period minimization is already known [11]; we derive an algorithm to solve the latency minimization problem, and we provide a bi-criteria algorithm which minimizes latency without exceeding a prescribed value for the period. However, when adding heterogeneity to the platform, we prove that minimizing the period becomes NP-hard. The complexity for the latency is still open, even though we conjecture it might be NP-hard as well. We provide an integer linear program to solve both problems in the heterogeneous case. For the known NP-hard instance of the problem (period minimization, heterogeneous platforms), we design some ecient polynomial time heuristics and we assess their relative and absolute performance through a set of experiments. For small problem instances, the results are very close to the optimal solution returned by the integer linear program.


The set of skills that an individual develops through the coordination of sensory perception and voluntary muscular response for the performance of a movement is considered as a psychomotor skill. The study was carried out with the objective of strengthening manual skills through psychomotor exercises for dental practice. The techniques used were observatory, the instruments is the test as an observation sheet and the Gibson spiral test respectively. This study was observational, field and explanatory the same was done in the city of Riobamba, at the National University of Chimborazo with students from "Clinica Integral" 1, II, III, IV, with a sample of 107 students. When applying Student's for independent samples, the homogeneity of variance could be assessed using the Levene test, where it was observed that with respect to the time of the test, there was a strong difference in the number of errors made, it was observed that men made more mistakes than women, this difference being statistically very significant. As a result, it was specified that it is necessary to promote, stimulate the development of motor skills in the students of integral clinic 1, II, III, IV, in order to strengthen their skills and knowledge, securing optimum performance in the clinical practice of the profession.


During starting, several thermal and mechanical processes take place in a squirrel cage induction motor. The nature and effects of these processes, the resulting forces and stresses are discussed. The paper also deals with some aspects of the thermal and mechanical ageing of winding insulation. Various techniques that may be applied to limit stress levels are described.


AIM To investigate the role of spinal glycine receptor in the antinociceptive propoties of propofol. METHODS Hot-plate test and acetic acid-induced writhing test were used to measure the nociceptive thresholds of mice. The effects of intrathecal administration (it) of glycine receptor antagonists-strychnine on the propofol induced antinociception were observed. RESULTS There were no significant changes in the pain threshold in hot-plate test (HPPT) of mice before and after intraperitoneal administration (ip) of 10% intralipid. Compared with intralipid group, propofol 12.5 mg·kg -1 (ip) had no effect on the HPPT of mice (P0.05),but the HPPT was dose-dependently increased in 25 and 50 mg·kg -1 groups(P0.05). Compared with intralipid group, propofol 5 mg·kg -1 (intravenous,iv) had no effects on the writhing times of mice; in contrast, propofol 7.5 and 10 mg·kg -1 (iv) decreased the writhing times significantly (P0.05).Stychnine 0.25 μg (it) had no effect on the HPPT of propofol-treated mice (P0.05); on the contrary ,strychnine 0.5,0.75,1.0 μg(it) decreased the HPPT of propofol-treated mice as doses increased(P0.05).No significant differences were observed on the writhing times of propofol-treated mice after strychinine intrathecal administration at different doses,compared with aCSF administered intrathecally in propofol-treated mice (P0.05). CONCLUSION Propofol can induce antinociception in hot-plate test and acetic acid-induced writhing test of mice. Spinal glycine receptors may play a role in propofol's antinociceptive properties in hot-plate test of mice.


Evidence for a transition state involving η2 co-ordination of a P–C bond to [Pd(dppe)] is obtained from an analysis of the insertion of [Pd(dppe)] fragments into (E)- and (Z)-[W(CO)5(PPh–CHPh–CHPh)] complexes.


The development of the disturbances preceding transition has been measured in the laminar boundary layer over an adiabatic flat plate at a stream Mach number of 3. The disturbances causing transition were found to begin growing at all frequencies, in a region long before the velocity profile departed from that given by laminar theory. This growth is monotonic and not predicted by classical linear stability theory. In addition, evidence was gathered that the first‐mode instability predicted by this linear theory is also present, but that it plays a very minor role in the transition process.


The problems of study of personality of juvenile offenders through the prism of psycho-criminological analysis of the external environment of its formation. Different that one of the key problems of Russian society today is the existence of juvenile delinquency, which is based on the behavior of the individual offender, factors which is the age (14 to 18 years), instability of the psyche, the loss of social reference points, availability of alcohol, drugs, violent and erotic spectacles, etc. The factors that play a role in the criminalization of kids playing and other factors: single-parent families; the indifference, the indifference and cruelty of parents to their children contributing to homelessness, betazole ; unsatisfactory organization of leisure of teenagers on place of residence; the growing problem of employment of minors caused by the widespread violation of the bodies of labour and employment legislative requirements aimed at ensuring minors '' rights to work and to free choice of profession; the negative influence of informal groups, whose leaders often speak of a person previously convicted in the past. Given criminological characteristics of the crimes included in the structure of juvenile delinquency: you''ll be dominated by property juvenile crimes: thefts, robberies, robberies, extortion and hijackings of vehicles the basis of crimes committed by minors age motivational specifics: naughtiness, desire to increase authority, self-assertion, misguided romance; among juvenile offenders is dominated by males, due to the psycho-physiological characteristics, different social roles and experiences, etc. at the same time, different process of criminalization of young offenders increased as the intensity of criminal activity (aggression, cynicism, rage) and methods of Commission (torture, bullying, etc.). The main way of combating juvenile crime prevention act, regulations based on the provisions reflected in Federal law (see bibliography). Provides a list of both specialized and non-specialized, subjects of special alert that represents a single system consisting of a number of state bodies (internal Affairs, guardianship and trusteeship, youth Affairs, etc.), social movements, groups and other organizations. The conclusion about the need for the implementation of energetic, decisive and targeted action on prevention of juvenile crime whose effectiveness will largely depend on the complexity of the measures, support from the state and society.


Polypropylene (PP) blend with natural lalang fiber (LF) were investigated in this study. LF was chosen in preparation of polymer composites because it is low cost, eco-friendly, abundance, renewable, biodegradable and shows excellent mechanical properties. Hence, LF has highly potential as a natural fiber filler in polymer composites. LF was prepared by drying the lalang leaves under the sun light and were crushed using hammer mill before they were soaked in 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The fiber was then washed with distilled water until neutral. LF was dried in an oven then grinded and sieved into specific sizes. LF/PP and maleated polypropylene/LF/PP (MAPP/LF/PP) composites were prepared by extrusion method using a twin-screw extruder between LF, PP and MAPP at different compositions. The LF/PP and MAPP/LF/PP composites were shaped into 3 mm sheet samples using an electric hydraulic hot press at the temperature of 180 ˚C. Several studies were carried out to investigate the optimum preparation conditions including the effect of size and percentage of LF, as well as the percentage of MAPP on their mechanical properties using tensile tester and izod impact tester. Meanwhile, the thermal properties of PP, 15% M size LF/PP and 1% MAPP/15% M size LF/PP composites were analyzed using thermogravimety analysis (TGA) and the characteristic of LF on the cross section of 15% M size LF/PP and 1% MAPP/15% M size LF/PP composites were investigated using a digital microscope.


CO adsorptions and configuration evolutions with temperatures on (2 × 1)Ni–O row structures on Ni(110) surfaces were studied by using ultrahigh vacuum–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Two kinds of adsorption configurations were identified. In the top configuration at low temperature (90 K), the carbon atom of one CO binds to one Ni atom in the Ni–O rows with a tilt angle of about 53°, and the vibration frequency of CO is 2100–2119 cm–1 depending on CO coverage. In the bridge configuration near room temperature (280 K), the carbon atom of one CO binds to two Ni atoms from the neighboring Ni–O rows, and the vibration frequency is 2030–2039 cm–1. By annealing the sample prepared at 90 to 280 K, the top adsorption configuration gradually evolves into the ordered bridge adsorption configuration via a disordered state. In the disordered state, the top and bridge configurations are distributed in disorder, induce strong transver...


We consider the problem of characterizing the circumstances under which a Borel action of a countable semigroup on a Polish space admits an invariant probability measure, and we prove that aperiodic Borel actions of countable semigroups generically lack invariant probability measures.


Assessment of student learning is a critical step for achieving a quality learning environment in construction/civil engineering education. Proper assessment strategies are also significant drivers of the paradigm shift from instruction based education to learning based education. Additionally, accreditation requirements call for programs to "implement and support a systematic and broad-based approach to the assessment of student learning". The paper will review and compare the two major points of view on student learning: the constructivist instructional reform and the measurement/technical quality approach. The two methods of measuring student learning (summative evaluation and formative evaluation) will be described. Even if on-line assessments of student learning use typical summative evaluation tools like tests, quizzes and surveys, they can also be categorized as formative when used constantly during the semester (i.e. practice tests or quizzes). For the past three years the author has been the principal instructor for CONM150 "Heavy Construction Equipment" class which is taught to Construction Management (CM) freshmen. After two years of using traditional assessment techniques, in spring 2015 the instructor adopted Blackboard Learn (BB) as a course management software. Class assessments were exclusively offered through BB. The paper will cover the way in which assessments on BB were designed. A list of lessons learned will be presented based on grade comparison and also on the students' feedback and comments.


The purpose of this paper is to present, theoretically, one of the many religious festivities preformed by Bolivian immigrants in our country. We will situate this paper in the city of Santa Fe and more concretely in Angel Gallardo. During the 1960 s a number of Bolivian families from the region of Tarija settled in the area in search of work. Over time these immigrants, motivated by a priest of the town, began to celebrate the Feast of the Virgin of Chaguaya. Since that time, this Feast is venerated not only by the Bolivian immigrants but by the locals as well, as they have appropriated the Feast and have reassigned the mystical characteristic of the Virgin according to their own values. Through our analysis of this Feast we will try to explain the relationship between Bolivian immigrants and the local inhabitants, whose ties go beyond this religious feast and are also dependent on work, economic and cultural relations. In accordance with current thought related to cultural diversity we will analyze identity forms that are expressed in the celebration of the Virgin of the migrants.


This research was carried out at PT Rakyat Rakyat Indonesia (Persero). Tbk Branch Office Waru Sidoarjo. PT.Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero). Tbk Branch Office Waru Sidoarjo provides one loan product, one of which is a Home Loan.The purpose of this study is to find out the Procedure for Giving Home Loan PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero). Tbk Branch Office Waru Sidoarjo.The method used in the research is descriptive method with data collection techniques namely interviews and documentation.Based on the research conducted, it is known that the benefits obtained from home loans are that customers can buy a house, renovate a house, and invest.This mortgage payment by installments or installments, with interest and time period in accordance with the agreement between the customer and the bank.

Keywords: Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero). Tbk Branch Office Waru Sidoarjo, Procedure for Giving Home Loans.


A need exists to develop new organic, environmentally benign wood preservatives for industrial applications to replace the older creosote and pentachlorophenol systems. In this study the performance of creosote at three retentions was compared to a new wood preservative candidate formulated with Polymeric Xylenol Tetrasulfide (PXTS) in an E7 AWPA field study using two sets of southern pine and yellow poplar field stakes treated with three creosote retentions or five retentions of PXTS. The stakes were installed at two test sites and evaluated after 3,5 years, 6 years, and 14 years exposure. After six years of exposure at both sites, which is double the minimum recommended exposure period of three years' field data for AWPA submission of a proposed new preservative system, the average decay ratings data for southern pine stakes after three years exposure was not sufficient to definitively determine which system provides superior protection against decay and termite attack (Creosote at the AWPA UC4B pole retentions versus pine stakes treated with much lower PXTS levels). However, after a longer exposure time of 14 years the data conclusively shows that pine stakes treated to the utility pole AWPA UC4B creosote retention performed poorer at both sites against decay and termite degradation than pine stakes treated with 26 Kg/m3 PXTS. Similar results were obtained with the yellow poplar stakes. We conclude that: 1) much longer E7 exposure times are necessary then the minimum recommended three years in the AWPA GDA Standard for submission of new systems to definitively determine the efficacy of a proposed oil borne system compared to the efficacy of a traditional organic preservative for commercial applications, and 2) long term field PXTS performance against decay and termite deterioration is equal or greater than that obtained with creosote at about four times the PXTS retention.


This study investigates the effects on how the education of occupational safety and health education has influenced on industrial accidents. Using the 2009 Korean Occupational Safety and Health Survey data, we test the effectiveness of occupational safety and health education, classified by company ...


The interpersonal networking,local ethics,and village-based social media have composed the basic structure and content of acquaintance-based society,and the collaboration and interaction among the three elements have shaped people's attitudes and behavior. Interpersonal networking gives people's emotional outbreaks and group activities a feature of cyclic reaction. Local ethics urged the formation of collective identity. Village-based social media can effectively overcome the mentality of"free rider". It is this mechanism that defines collective actions in acquaintance-based society as"mobilization without organization".


a short historical account of the progress of clinical tuition. The merit of establishing the first ward expressly for this purpose is awarded to Padua, a clinical ward having been opened in an hospital of that city in 1578. Le Boe, at Leyden; Boerhaave, and Van Swietcn, adopted the system with such success, that it was followed in the schools of Paris, Montpellier, and most of the principal hospitals of Europe. But in Spain, from the time of the Arabs, " Seville, Toledo, and Cordova possessed celebrated schools and hospitals, to which many young physicians from other European countries repaired for instruction ; yet, in the midst of such copious sources of knowledge, scarcely any clinical study was carried on ; since, far from endeavouring to obtain a profound knowledge of diseases, discussions were raised upon the most frivolous subjects, and interminable questions cxcited about them." (p. 2-i.) At present the author laments that clinical tuition in Spain is far behind


Advances in ultrashort laser pulse technology have made it possible to exploit the terahertz (THz) frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum between the microwave and infrared regions. THz radiation is proving useful to many areas of fundamental research in science, not least for its ability to nondestructively analyze a wide range of materials in detail. Combined with a variety of appropriate techniques, such as spectroscopy, imaging, and high-power sources, THz radiation could ultimately find application in homeland security, quality control of food and agricultural products, environmental monitoring, and communications technology. One area of special research interest at present is high-field THz physics, which deals with phenomena arising from the interaction of high-power pulses with certain kinds of matter, such as electro-optical materials and semiconductors. These types of investigations usually require field strengths of a few kV/cm to MV/cm, which is below material damage thresholds. Traditional laser-based THz emitters, such as electro-optic crystals, semiconductors, and photoconductive antennas, are subject to low conversion efficiency and material breakdown when irradiated with high-power laser pulses. Consequently, finding high-field THz sources for these schemes is a major challenge.1 Plasma (heated gas), on the other hand, is impervious to the same breakdown. As such, it is naturally a potential high-power THz emitter. The key issue with plasma is to find appropriate ways of producing THz emission with high conversion efficiencies. The first experimental observation2 of laser-plasma-produced THz emission was reported in 1993. It was attributed qualitatively to laser-driven electron plasma oscillations. In principle, such Figure 1. Schematic plot of laser interaction with a nonuniform plasma and the resulting terahertz (THz) emission. n0: Plasma density distribution. L: Inhomogeneous plasma scale.


Alloying as a means of depressing the melting point of metals is examined. Eutectic reactions in binary alloys can bring about substantial reductions in melting point and this phenomenon is put to good use in solders. Additional alloying can give rise to further reductions in melting point but, as demonstrated using selected examples drawn from solders and brazes and backed by simple theoretical arguments, this trend follows the law of diminishing returns. The pattern of alloying behaviour is then considered in relation to lead-free solders, which leads to the conclusion that there are no 'drop-in' replacements for lead-tin eutectic solder, that melt at a closely similar temperature. There would appear to be only two realistic options, one based on the bismuth-42wt%tin binary eutectic melting at 139°C and the other a solder based on the silver-copper-tin alloy system, which has a ternary eutectic reaction at a temperature of 217°C.


Permanent magnet DC contactor has the advantages of simple structure, low energy consumption and low noise. A magnetic system structure applicable to DC contactor is presented in this paper. Based on the traditional structure of single coil and single stable position contactor, an auxiliary gas gap is added. By changing the size of the gas gap to change the attraction of permanent magnet, the whole magnetic system improves the reliability of breaking-closing operating. A mathematical model of the magnetic system is established, and the magnetic field and the stationary characteristic are calculated by using finite element method. According to the calculations, cooperation between attraction characteristics and counterforce characteristics is analyzed and the result indicates that the magnetic system, which has a advantages of strong electromagnetic actuation, reliable breaking, manual resetting without disassembly, can be used in industrial production.


One of the problems facing us all is that there is no clear definition of words such as alternative, complementary, holistic, natural, fr-ge, etc., which are often used to describe vastly dissVmilar activities. Much confusion arises from the belief that holistic medicine and alternative medicine are the same. There aremany more general practitioners (GPs) who apply the principles of an holistic approach to their patients than there are acupuncturists who do not. The term 'alternative' or 'complementary' medicine is used as a catch all definition for 'anything not taught at a Western medical school'. It is thus a definition by exclusion and as helpful a term as the word 'foreign'. An Englishman's description of 'foreigners' would be as accurate as most doctors are in their understanding of alternative therapies, and would tell us more about the prejudices of being English than the characteristics of non-English people. The most helpful classification divides this vast area of complementary therapies into four distinct groups1:


In view of the oil in the dissolved gas analysis(DGA) the method the insufficiency which exists in the diagnosis power transformer latent breakdown's research,this paper extends TOPSIS method under vague.Ordination and cluster the original sample not only optimize the sample data but also substantially reduce the capacity of sample set,to some extent making fault signature information and the problem of mapping space complexity balanced.By constructing diagnosis model of BP network fault,analyzes and shows that compared with traditional method of transformer fault diagnosis this method has obvious superiority.


Financial inclusion is one of the tools to stimulate economic growth, arguably due to following reason: affordable access to financial services wills re-duce the vulnerability of poor population by improving their standard of living. The concept of financial inclusion can be traced back in 1993 with its contrary concept financial exclusion is a process that prevents poor and disadvantaged social groups from gaining access to the formal financial systems of their countries. Many studies have been conducted exploring the negative shades of Financial Exclusion. The discussion on financial exclusion and its surrounded constraints have brought the concept of financial inclusion into the picture. The term Financial Inclusion has introduced as a positive contrary to the concept Financial Exclusion and had gone through various changes in its definition and its understanding. The present has attempted to trace the evolution of the concept financial inclusion (from physical to digital) and its changing scope. For the purpose of the study more than 150 articles have been reviewed and comprehensively interpreted. The understanding of the researcher on the concept of financial inclusion and its changing form is narrated in the paper.
KEYWORDS – Financial Exclusion, Financial Inclusion, Financial Services, Financial access, Usage, Digital Financial inclusion


Supply chain management can be defined as an information system that connects the inside and outside of a company. Its purpose is to systematically and strategically manage the flow of information, resources and services to improve the long-term performance of the entire organization, including individual companies connected to the supply chain, and the quality of service provided to customers. The ultimate goal of SCM is to create synergy through organic integration of supply and demand based on cooperation and collaboration with stakeholders in the supply chain. This study is based on the hypothesis that the company's management performance will improve as the level of SCM improves. Most of the previous studies dealt with the relationship between corporate performance and SCM in the IT area. In this study, research was conducted through human capacity with IT system. The causal relationship was demonstrated, and there was a difference in the perception of the results of this study depending on whether or not smart factories were consulted in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. There is a need to examine the links between management's value chain and its causal relationship.


Dentate ligands 2-[(2,3-dimethylphenyl)amino]benzoic acid (Mefenamic acid ) and 2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid(glutamine) were used as bidentate Lewis base to prepare solid complexes with Molybdenum (V), Tungsten (V)) and Lanthanum(III). The Photo degradation study was achieved for the complexes solutions in methanol. The prepared complexes were characterized by using spectroscopy methods like FTIR, UV-visible, Melting points and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy were calculated for all complexes. Furthermore the molar conductance of 0.001 M solutions in acetonitrile and magnetic susceptibility were performed to elucidate the proposed geometry and structures of prepared complexes. Magnetic susceptibility displayed that complexes had not diamagnetic properties. Photo kinetic study was done for La and Mo Complexes to study the photo sensitivity of prepared complexes. Half time of the complexes` photo reaction were achieved and order of reactions were calculated which appear that photo reaction of LaIII complex was from the first order and constant of reaction was calculated (1.62x10-2) min-1 and half time of reaction was (62.112) min. Also, order reaction of Mo (III) complex was from first order too, the value of constant of reaction was (1.88 min-1) and half time of reaction was (26.6) min. TGA analysis of MoIII was done.


Introduction. Most of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) develop through colonization of patients' loci with hospital-associated pathogenic strains. The aim of the research is to study an additional reservoir of microorganisms at healthcare facilities. Materials and methods. A total of 28 samples of hospital environment dust were examined by using scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and high-temperature catalytic oxidation techniques; to study microbial diversity, 97 samples were examined by using a polymerase chain reaction and a VITEK ® 2 Compact microbial identification system. Biological films ( n = 29) were detected with a catalase indicator; the total number of microorganisms in one cubic meter of air was estimated. Results. The dust from ventilation grilles was contaminated in 71.13% of cases; antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains were detected in 69.44% of cases; biofilm-forming bacteria were present in 48% of cases. The biodiversity is represented by 21 genera of microorganisms persisting for 6 months. All the samples contained a nanosized fraction. The organic compound is represented by carbon (16.26–50.69%), nitrogen (1.59–25.03%), hydrogen (2.03–6.67%), sulfur (0.15–2.38%), and oxygen (20.02–37.50%). The total microbial counts before and after the doors and windows were opened - 276 and 462 CFU/m 3 respectively ( p = 0.046). The mineral component contained sodium (0.07–1.86%), magnesium (0.11–1.40%), aluminum (0.36–1.78%), silica (0.21–4.64%), phosphorus (0.04–0.81%), chlorine (0.05–2.83%), potassium (0.04–0.85%), calcium (0.19–7.49%), and iron (0.08–1.61%). Discussion. A wide range of microorganisms, the presence of an organic substrate and trace elements suggest that HAI-causing pathogens can persist, accumulate, and return to the hospital environment. Conclusion. At healthcare facilities, exhaust ventilation and air-duct grilles can serve as an additional reservoir of microorganisms causing HAIs and can contribute significantly to persistence of a HAI epidemic process. Author contribution. EAC — data collection, data analysis, manu - script writing; OSE — dynamic light scattering, elemental composi tion of the particulate matter; VMS — microbiological analysis of the particulate matter; ARE — microbiological analysis of the particulate matter; SAS — scanning electron microscopy; ZRI — study design and coordination; data analysis; EBB — study design and coordina tion; data analysis. Аll authors made a substantial contribution to the conception of the work, acquisition, analysis, interpretation data work,


A multiple single-subject comparative design experimental study measured the perceptions of three persons with aphasia and their communication partners without aphasia when communicating across three conditions: Condition A—speech generating device (SGD) with No Display; Condition B—SGD with visual scene display (VSD); and Condition C—SGD with traditional grid display (TGD). Quantitative data were collected in the forms of preference choice of display type, a forced-choice ranking of experimental sessions, and 7pt Likert rating scales. All participants rated the dependent variables of communicative success, ease, independence, and naturalness across conditions. Qualitative data were collected in the form of open-ended interviews conducted at the end of each experimental session and at the close of the study. Each participant dyad completed six experimental sessions consisting of a conversational interaction in which the person with aphasia shared a personally relevant story. Quantitative analyses revealed that 2 of 3 persons with aphasia preferred Condition B (VSD) over the other experimental conditions. All three persons with aphasia chose sessions using VSD as their "best" or top-ranked sessions in the forced-choice ranking task. Qualitative analysis revealed that peer communication partners and participants with aphasia had both favorable perceptions and criticism of the VSD.


The population dynamics of developing somatic embryos of carrot (Daucur carota L.) was investigated in batch and fed‐batch cultures using modified Murashige and Skoog medium. These substrate limitations coincided not only with stoppage of biomass increase, but also with the increase in total concentration of embryos as well as the advancement of the embryo into a more mature stage. Both glucose and ammonium were depleted from the culture. Restoring either glucose, or ammonium and nitrate, as to approximately initial concentrations in fed‐batch experiments, did not result in a significant increase of the total normal embryo concentration. On the other hand, medium replacement led to increase in biomass concentration, total embryo number, and improved embryo maturity. The addition of a mixture of glucose, ammonium, and nitrate to the spent medium resulted in variable increases in biomass and embryo number, but always less than those resulting from media replacement. Although the total number of embryos was higher after medium replacement, the fraction of embryos reaching torpedo stage was still only 50%. The need for a better means of population characterization for further kinetic studies is discussed. © 1993 Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Many memory models suggest self-terminating backward scanning along a memory representation. In these models, time to retrieve a particular item from memory could depend on how far in the past the item was presented or on the number of items presented since that item. To investigate which of these two types of memory representation is more likely, we designed a relative Judgment of Recency (JOR) task with variable presentation rates. The variable presentation rate de-confounded the age of memory and the number of intervening items. Our results favor the hypothesis that memory representation is temporally organized. This result is important for ad- vancing memory models and for building stronger ties between cognitive and neural models of memory.


This text offers an interpretation of the relationship between the peace movement and US foreign policy in America's formative years as a world power. It indicates the peace movement's significant influence upon American attitudes and its varying impact upon US foreign and defence policies.


Ever since the discovery of the typhoid bacillus by Eberth in 1880, gastro-intestinal bacteriology has concerned itself largely with the study of various organisms that have been thought to have a possible bearing on the etiology of specific diseases. It is not surprising, therefore, that among the large number of organisms isolated from the intestinal tract and studied, the streptococcus has come in for its share of attention as a possible inciter of certain of the diarrheal diseases as well as local gastro-intestinal disturbances in infants and adults.


En este trabajo se hace una revision de los aspectos historicos, disciplinares, algunas aplicaciones y elementos pedagogicos de la aritmetica modular. / Abstract. The Modular Arithmetic was introduced by Gauss in "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae" in 1801, in Modular Arithmetic are structure sets of congruences provided with two operations, induced from the usual Arithmetic in the integers. Some of its applications: chryzodes, calendars, criptography and determination of prime numbers can be studied in the classroom as encouraging tools.


We analyze a dynamic programming (DP)-based track before detect (TBD) algorithm. By using the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) in extreme value theory, we obtain explicit expressions for the performance measures of the algorithm such as probability of detection and false alarm. Our analysis has two advantages. First the unrealistic the distribution for data from the exponential class assumptions used in EVT are not required. Second, the probability of detection and false alarm curves obtained fit computer simulated performance results significantly more accurately than previously proposed analyses of the TBD algorithm. (4 pages)


The problem of determination of αs and the condensates from the moments of invariant mass distribution in the semileptonic τ decays is considered. It is investigated how the extracted values of αs(m 2 τ ) and the condensates are affected by the the renormalization scheme dependence of the next-to-next-to-leading order perturbative corrections to the spectral moments. A simplified approach is used, in which the nonperturbative contributions are approximated by the terms of dimension six in the SVZ expansion, which arise from the four-quark condensates.


The proparation of C 60 singal-crystal is a processing of dynamics .It has something to do with the matter, for example, the little confusion may affect directly the growth and shape the singal crystal core, We try to analyse the appearaces of "all of the twin-crystal", "bigger branch-dendril crystal "and the non-core crystal of the step-growth in the proparation of the sigal-crystal. So that we can find out the theoretical basis of the best techrotogical design of the growing singal-crystal.


For setting up and maintaining a steady and reliable link between the transmitter and the receiver, ATP(Acquisition, Tracking and Pointing) technology plays a key role in free-space optical communication System. With capturing images of laser signal through Focal Plane Array Detectors - CCD (Charge Coupled Device), a novel scheme to acquire and track beacon beam is proposed, by using the features of grayscale histogram to deduce the criterion of acquisition and centroiding algorithm to calculate the coordinates of laser signal. Used the results as parameters, control devices can align the transmitter and the receiver. An experimental system, used to implement the alignment of transmitter and receiver and verify the theory of acquisition and tracking, is also demonstrated.


The demand for an effective tool to help in the design of ion cyclotron radio frequency (ICRF) antenna system for fusion experiment has driven the development of predictive codes. A new electromagnetic code based on the method of moments (MOM) is described in the paper. The code computes the electromagnetic field by the solution of the electric field integral equation. The structure of ICRF antennas are discretized with triangular mesh. By using the new code, the scattering parameter and the surface current are given and compared with the result by commercial code CST. Moreover, the power spectra are studied with different toroidal phases for heating and current drive. Good agreement of simulation results between the new code and CST are obtained. The code has been validated against CST for EAST ICRF antenna.


A comprehensive method and system for data measurement, surveillance, monitoring, and processing for a vehicle. In the surveillance method, a measurement object is any one or more parameters in vehicle operating parameters of a vehicle, and whether the power delivery of the vehicle is abnormal is determined according to a joint computation value of the measurement object and reference data of the measurement object; and the joint computation value is obtained by computation based on a vehicle motion balance calculation formula. The method is capable of monitoring power delivery abnormality in a vehicle caused by failure in rotational operating power or operation of a drive component of a vehicle.


This study examines the impact of a new Decision-Support System (DSS) on decision making in a community college in California. It looks at how attitudes and behaviors about data and their use were impacted by the implementation of a new DSS. The study found that the decentralization of data, through the DSS, produced a shift in terms of an increased desire to use data as well as an increase in the actual use of data that could be used to address and guide decision making. Additionally while the ways in which decisions were approached revealed a more proactive use of data for decision making, the study also revealed legacy organizational patterns, structures, and norms that need to be addressed in order for the institution to more effectively build and support an emerging culture of inquiry over time. Introduction Higher education institutions have been under a great deal of pressure to increase their use of data and information (Wells, Silk & Torres, 1999). As a result, many of these institutions responded by developing Decision Support Systems (DSS) with the aim of increasing access to data for staff and faculty throughout the institution (Banta, Rudolph, Van Dyke & Fisher, 1996; Frost, Dahymple & Wang, 1998). Recent research has suggested that easier access to data within higher-education institutions affects how people use that information (Chan, 1999; Pickett & Hamre, 2002). This study examines the impact of a new DSS on decision making within one community college district. It looks specifically at how perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors about data and its uses were impacted by the implementation of the new DSS. Our interest in choosing to look at the im- pact of the DSS on decision making was to find out whether increased access to data had an effect on the way individuals approached decision making and inquiry. This study builds on existing research by il- lustrating how one community college's implementa- tion of a DSS increased data access and use and helped to create the capacity for a culture of inquiry. It also builds on prior research by showing how deci- sion support systems are inevitably situated within a history of institutional structures and attitudes, which need to be factored into an institution's ability to support a culture of inquiry. Literature Institutions of higher education have been recognized as complex and high-pressure decision-making environments (Harmon, 1986). The use of decision support systems emerged as a response to the increasing demand for direct data access within higher education institutions (Frost, Dalrymple, & Wang, 1998). Decision support systems have historically brought together data resources in order to better facilitate data use on multiple levels (Metz & Cosgriff, 2000) . Additionally, recent advancements in computer technologies in business and government have allowed non-specialists to make better use of data analysis (Hallett,2000). On most campuses, prior to the introduction of a decision support system for users across the institution, data had been concentrated within central administrative offices. As a result of this centralized structure, these offices often experienced an overload of requests for data from individuals, thereby creating an unmet need for data (Frost, Dalrymple & Wang, 1998; Serban, 2002; Wells, Silk & Torres, 1999). At the institutional level, the implementation of a decision support system helps to ameliorate this problem by placing data directly in the hands of those who need it. This comes at a time when more people are being asked to respond to inquiries based on data rather than on intuition (Wells, Silk & Torres, 1999) . Some research suggests that decision support systems help users develop more sophisticated means of analyzing and interpreting data (Harmon, 1986; National Forum on Education Statistics [NFES], 2006). This ease of access can stimulate users to look at data with a new sense of familiarity and understanding; data is regularly at their disposal and not simply handed to them without an understanding of the context in which the data were retrieved. …


An improvement of the CRESU technique is presented, consisting of a device for injecting mass-selected ions into the core of a uniform supersonic flow of very low temperature, pertaining to those in dense interstellar clouds. This version of the experiment has been called CRESUS, standing for 'Cinetique de Reactions en Ecoulement Supersonique Uniforme avec Selection'(Kinetics of Reactions in Uniform Supersonic Flow with Selection). This allows ion-molecule reaction rate coefficients to be determined as in the well known SIFT apparatus, i.e. by working under true thermal conditions in a reaction zone where only the primary ion and the neutral of interest are present. After mass-selection the ions are injected into the flow through an exit hole at a given location on the nozzle wall. They are drifted radially in the nozzle by using an electric fields. Because of the combination of drift vicinity of the nozzle exit plane. The present data have been obtained at 20 and 70 K in helium buffer gas. They concern both binary reactions of Ar+, He+, N+, N+2, and O+2 ions, and ternary reactions of C+ and CH+3 ions. For binary reactions the results are compared when possible to those collected in previous CRESU studies. A good agreement is found, which establishes the validity of the improved technique. The perspectives for the near future are briefly discussed.


Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are considered to be environmental pollutants due to their toxicity, persistence and ubiquity in the environment. Little information is known about the presence of brominated flame retardants in South Africa's water systems. Therefore, this study examined and compareddifferent extractionmethods (liquid–liquid (LL) vs. solid phase (SP) forwater, Soxhlet extraction (SE) vs. ultrasonic for sediment) for extraction efficiencies in the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) in water and sediment from Jukskei River. Clean-up of sample extracts was performed using disposable Pasteur pipettes containing neutral, acidified and basic silica gel. Final extracts, after concentration and dilution to 200 μL were analyzed by injecting 1 μL in the GC-ECD andGC-MS. Results obtained showed good recoveries formost of the tested analytes in water; for LLE, values ranged between 80.5± 10.22% and 126.6± 1.94%; SPE, 70.41± 2.01%–124.78± 3.78% (n1⁄4 3) and for sediment (73–114%, with an RSD <17%) using SE. The ultrasonic extraction method gave less than 50% recovery for most of the congeners. The concentrations of the BFRs in water samples were less than the detection limit while the concentrations in sediment ranged from 1.95 to 36.61 ng g 1 dry weight for Σ11 BFRs. Dichloromethane and n-hexane : acetone (2 : 1, v/v) gave optimum value of recovery for water and sediment respectively. doi: 10.2166/wst.2012.894 s://iwaponline.com/wst/article-pdf/65/4/743/442420/743.pdf O. I. Olukunle (corresponding author) O. J. Okonkwo K. K. Kefeni M. Lupankwa Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The author entitles to the ethnic identity through the Biography of the Heroic Youth written by Wen Kang in the late Qing Dynasty, including clan of Han Gusan、the sense of ethnics and the performance. This article analysed the works with distinctive ethnic characteristics and the imprint of the times, showing a strong sense of Manchu in three aspects.


Abstract Nucleation events involving water and ice play a vital role in many atmospheric processes. This paper describes a molecular model for prenucleation water clusters. Results are presented for the formation of these clusters from the supersaturated vapor. The temperature dependence of the model is shown to agree with the classical (liquid drop) model and nucleation rates are calculated and compared with experiment. This model has the advantage of being readily extended to homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation of ice as well as being applicable to the description of ion-hydration processes. We believe the information inherent in the model concerning interactions on a molecular level can be applied to nucleation phenomena in the atmosphere and can enhance understanding of these processes. This introductory paper describes the progress which has been made and the areas of extended application of these results.


Historians for over a century have unanimously credited Stephen Langton with inventing the modern chapter divisions of the Bible in the context of the nascent scholastic culture of the University of Paris. This chapter explains that the system's veritable origin was not in France but at Saint Albans, a Benedictine monastery in Southern England, after ca. 1180. The twelfth century shared with the Italian Renaissance an interest in oriental languages. The chapter focuses on the reception of graphic Hebrew and Arabic and the relation of the graphic reception of these two eastern languages to the textual segmentation of the Bible. The presence of Arabic numbers and of Hebrew and Greek in English medieval Bibles and grammars into the fifteenth century, was an enduring witness to the powerful influence that Oriental languages had first imposed on the mise-en-page of the Vulgate Latin Bible. Keywords:England; Graphic Mise En Page ; oriental languages; Stephen Langton; twelfth century; Vulgate Latin Bible