Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Kaliori is one of landfills in Banyumas whose sanitary landfill system which is a well-planned waste management system. TPA Kaliori is one of the government's efforts in improving the waste management system in Indonesia. TPA Kaliori is initiated into educational tourism destination by Banyumas regent period 2013 – 2018 . Educational tourism in TPA Kaliori is expected to be a means of education about waste. To be presented communicatively based on order/sequence is the key to well-delivered information. The issue is how to design waste management facilities as well as educational tourism with the sequence based in waste treatment process. The objective of this scheme is to get the design of TPA Kaliori as a facility for waste processing and educational tourism activities with an emphasis on designing sequence of spaces. The method used is a method of architectural design with an emphasis on the sequence of spaces. The results obtained, is the design of TPA Kaliori as waste treatment facilities and educational tourism with an emphasis on designing sequence of spaces.  The spaces are connected by a circulation that will automatically guide the user to follow a sequence. Keywords: educational tourism, landfill, sequence of space, TPA Kaliori, waste management


Post-communist "colored revolutions" were praised as democratic by journalists and scholars. I call for a more critical assessment of the processes and practices involved in these events by looking at them with deliberative democratic standards in mind. Case-wise I focus on Ukraine's Orange revolution since it was assessed as the most successful in terms of advancing democracy. Nevertheless, I aim to demonstrate that on a more nuanced level it also contained a lot of exclusive, intolerant and polarizing dynamics. I also assess the consequences of these gaps in democratic quality of the Orange revolution and provide recommendations for future democratizers. Anastasiya Salnykova How Democratic Was the Orange Revolution? 2 Even if a revolution was victorious, victory described in detail is hardly distinguishable from defeat.


Livestock systems based on subtropical and tropical pastures are characterized by the low productivity of livestock due to the poor nutritional value of the forage (low nitrogen concentration and digestibility, and high fiber and lignin concentrations). These conditions lead to low productivity and, consequently, high absolute emissions of methane (CH4) per unit of product. Dry distilled grains with solubles (DDGS) are the main by-product resulting from ethanol production, and they are characterized by their high-energy fibrous and protein content, thus becoming an option for the supplementation of low-quality forage. This research investigated the effects of dietary DDGS inclusion on dry matter digestibility (DMD) and enteric CH4 emission. Eight adult sheep of 64 ± 8 kg live weight were used. The duration of the study was 54 days, divided into two periods (changeover design), which comprised a 17-day pre-experimental period and 10 days for experimental data collection. Animals were allocated to one of two treatments used: hay (H) as a control treatment, where animals were fed with Rhodes grass hay alone; and H + DDGS, where animals were fed with H supplemented with DDGS. CH4 emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique. Diets containing DDGS increased DMI by 22% (p < 0.05) and reduced daily CH4 emissions by 24% (g/d), the CH4 yield by 35% (g/kg DMI), and the average value of CH4 energy per gross energy intake (Ym) by 44%, compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). The experiment demonstrated that supplementation with DDGS in low-quality roughage reduced daily CH4 emissions, yields, and Ym.


Recently, many studies have demonstrated the valid contribution of mobile laser scanning to road safety improvements, thus intense efforts have been made to implement automatic data processing using laser scanning data, with special emphasis on road object recognition. This study is focused on the detection and classification of retro-reflective vertical traffic signs according to their function (danger, give way, prohibition/obligation, and indication) from mobile laser scanning data by considering geometric and radiometric information, but without relying on trajectory data. The global strategy for segmentation involves the application of an optimized intensity threshold in order to segment the points that correspond to traffic sign panels. Next, contour recognition is performed for each sign using a linear regression model based on a raster image, which is generated for each cluster of points. The shape evaluation is motivated by the correspondence between contour shape and function of the traffic. The completeness of results for detection (92.11%) and classification (83.91%) demonstrates that this implementation is promising for the automatic detection and inventory analysis of traffic signs in road mapping applications. The efficiency rates are acceptable in urban areas, but our tests indicate that the detection and classification rates are more robust in road environments.


The European project RECREATE (REsearch on a CRuiser Enabled Air Transport Environment) is investigating the design of new passenger aircraft and operation paradigms to drastically reduce fuel consumption and gas emission. One of the proposed concepts concerns with the introduction of air-to-air refueling between passenger aircraft (cruisers) and tanker aircraft (feeders). This paper focuses on the conceptual design of the cruiser and compares its performance with that of existing aircraft and others specifically designed to perform the same transportation mission, using direct and staging flight. AAR operations yield a potential fuel saving in the order of 15% with respect to direct flight (including the fuel used by the tanker) when specifically designed cruiser and tanker aircraft are employed to transport 250 passengers over a range of 5000nm, with one aerial refueling. Marginal fuel saving can be achieved also with respect to staging flight operations (i.e. intermediate refueling stops).


Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome is an unusual condition with undetermined aetiology, treatment, and prognosis (1, 2, 3). Less than 50 case studies have been reported in the literature. This paper will present a detailed report of a case treated for 18 months, and brief summaries of two cases treated for three weeks.


The heart as the main system of blood circulation in our body can certainly experience abnormalities called arrhythmia. Information of the arrhythmia is very important in the field of health and electrocardiogram is one of the most commonly used tool to detect the heart abnormalities. A wireless monitoring of the heart activities has been developed. An application of convolutional neural network classifier for arrhythmia detection is proposed. Twenty four health subjects were tested in the three experiment methods. The classification accuracy about average 93,97% is obtained.


The Poynting vector (PV) and Poynting theorem (PT) are fundamental mathematical tools for calculating energy flow, its dissipation, and storage in electromagnetic fields. Therefore, there are opinions that power properties of power systems should be described in terms of the PV and PT. This paper investigates whether or not the PV and PT provide an explanation of power properties and whether or not they enable calculation of powers in three-phase systems. It is demonstrated in this paper that only the instantaneous power and active power can be expressed in terms of the PV but not the reactive, apparent, and unbalanced powers as well as the power factor. Consequently, the PV and PT do not provide information useful for physical interpretations of power properties of power systems. Also, they are useless for practical applications of power theory to power system problems, such as compensation.


We show that the existence of an embedded compact, boundaryless hypersurface S of strictly positive mean curvature in a noncompact, connected, complete Riemannian n-manifold N of nonnegative Ricci curvature implies that the homomorphism between the fundamental groups of S and N induced by the inclusion is surjective, provided only that N - S has two connected components, one of which has noncompact closure and trivial homotopy relative to S. The idea of the proof is to view N as a spacelike hypersurface in a suitable Lorentz manifold and then apply a recent version of certain classic results by Gannon and Lee on the topology of spacetimes. As an application, we show that if N is asymptotically flat, then it has only one end, and N is simply connected for n larger than 3.


We prove that the deformation space $AH(M)$ of marked hyperbolic 3-manifolds homotopy equivalent to a fixed compact 3-manifold $M$ with incompressible boundary is locally connected at quasiconformally rigid points.


Flows induced by synthetic jets have been computed by solving two-dimensional unsteady preconditioned Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with four boundary condition models for synthetic jets. A transparent jet boundary model mimics the synthetic jet by specifying fluid velocity at the fictitious inflow boundary. Two simple periodic boundary condition models specify the velocity profiles either at the exit of the synthetic jet or at the diaphragm. In an exact jet model for the synthetic jet, the flow induced by a net flux zero jet is computed by including the movement of a diaphragm into flow computation. To accurately capture the physics of the synthetic jet with the exact jet model, the geometric conservation law (GCL) has been employed which accounts for the volumetric change of computational cells. Numerical calculations along with the transparent boundary model, two simple periodic boundary conditions, and the exact jet model have been carried out for two synthetic jet configurations into quiescent air; case 1 of CFDVAL2004 workshop and the experimental study conducted at Seoul National University. Computational results for four jet boundary models indicate that the exact jet model is capable of producing accurate results without modeling velocity profile.


A brief introduction to the Truth Model, a flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle, developed by Bolender and Doman is given. The model is used only for simulation and control design verification. And the linear equations of motion of the longitudinal dynamics for hypersonic vehicle derived from the Truth Model are obtained based on Jacobian Linearization approach. In this study, a sliding mode controller design based on the approach law is applied to the model of the longitudinal dynamics for the hypersonic vehicle. Finally, the simulation results using sliding mode controller with the approach law are shown. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed controller has robust tracking performance.


There are some problems in the software testing area with its rapid development,such as low productivity,no chance to show the competitive strength etc.To increase the testing productivity,the concepts related to the reusable software testing case are defined based on the software reuse theory.For the need of special,simple and flexible process improvement way for software testing,the testing process based on comparison,which support the reuse theory well,is put forward.Also its advantage is analyzed.To verify the feasibility and efficiency,some software systems are tested following the process.Experiments show that the testing team increase the productivity and improve the testing process continuously by using the testing process method.


Smoking is a public health problem and is considered the leading cause of preventable death in the world. The nicotine present in tobacco stimulates the release of dopamine, thekey neurotransmitter in nicotine dependence, by role in the brain's reward mechanisms. Thus, genes that regulate the concentration of dopamine can influence the smoking behavior, as the gene encoding the MAO enzyme responsible for the dopamine degradation. In the present study, we detected the relationship between a polymorphism inthe promoter region of the MAOA gene (MAOA VNTR-u) and smoking. This study wascross-sectional with the participation of 121 men, workers of Diretoria de Administracaodo Campus (Dirac), unidade da Funcao Oswaldo Cruz (74 never smokers, 26 former smokers and 21 current smokers). The polymorphism was determined in the sample population by the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis revealed no significant association between the polymorphism MAOA-u VNTR and thes moking status as well as relationship with the smoking behavior characteristics (duration of smoking, age at smoking iniciation, number of relapses, age stopped smoking, degree of nicotine dependence - FNTD and the number of cigarettes smoked per day). Given thei mportance of the issue, it is considered important to conduct further studies with larger sample size to confirm the results found and more information about the genetic mechanisms that may contribute to susceptibility to tobacco addiction.


On Sunday, an interesting Russian pair came to see us,—M. and MMe. Kovalevsky [sic]: she, a pretty creature, with charming modest voice and speech, who is studying mathematics (by allowance through the aid of Kirchoff) at Heidelberg; he, amiable and intelligent, studying the concrete sciences apparently,—especially geology; and about to go to Vienna for six months, leaving his wife at Heidelberg!


India is a country of vast villages where two-third of population of India resides. India is a largest, vibrant and functional democracy. The local self-government system of Panchayati Raj was introduced in the constitution of India through the 73rd Amendment in which the village life extensively runs in a democratic way through the decentralization approach. This 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act brings out a vital change in rural life holistically for the objective of 'Empowering People for Prosperity'. India has nearly 3.1 million elected members through more than 250,000 local government units. Local government authorities have the authority to create development plans for the areas, with the aim of fostering social justice and local economic development. The implementation challenges of policies and programs before the local government and the also the role of local elites, politically powerful groups, bureaucratic society and private enterprises to become for providing good governance for the development of rural areas. By using the secondary based data to find out the local government system and governance in India. This paper reveals forward states provide good governance through the local government in the core areas of development with execution of plans in rural India and on the other hand, backward states are lack in governance due to nature the corruption laden politics exist in that states. This study sums up with the significance of grassroots democracy and its role in the development of rural India and at the same time to highlights the hurdle in the governance ecosystem of local governments in rural India.


Brewer's spent grain (BSG) as the major byproduct in the brewing industry is a promising feedstock to produce value-added products such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Synergistic ball mill–enzymatic hydrolysis (BM-EH) process is an environmentally friendly pretreatment method for lignocellulosic materials before bioprocessing. This study investigated the potential of raw and BM-EH pretreated BSG feedstocks to produce VFAs through a direct thermophilic anaerobic fermentation process without introducing a methanogen inhibitor. The highest VFA concentration of over 30 g/L was achieved under the high-solid loading fermentation (HS) of raw BSG. The synergistic BM-EH pretreatment helps to increase the cellulose conversion to 70%. Under conventional low TS fermentation conditions, compared to the controlled sample, prolonged pretreatment of the BSG substrate resulted in increased VFA yields from 0.25 to 0.33 g/gVS, and butyric acid became dominant instead of acetic acid.


The manuscript describes the problems raised by the design procedure of a rescue vehicle for hazardous environments within an industrial facility. Specifically, the paper focuses on the pre treatment processes of crude oils characterized by high concentrations of toxic and hazardous substances, primarily hydrogen sulphide. The project manager, appointed for designing the desulphurization plant, has to provide feasible and effective solutions in case of accident (i.e. emergency preparedness and response). Actually, the accidents that may occur in a desulphurization process are explosion, fire, and toxic release. In particular, the designer has to suggest a suitable typology of emergency vehicle to rescue the field operators as well as injured people. These points are quite specific and do not pertain to the common technical background of engineers. The manuscript describes how we addressed the main qualitative and quantitative points that condition the selection and design of an emergency vehicle.


This paper deals with the current situation of the Basque language and the policy implemented in its favor in the Northern Basque Country or French Basque Country. One of the aims is to show the limits of the public linguistic policy implemented, for the first time, by the authorities. If the commitment of the associations of support for the language is important, that of society as a whole is less, even if the latter becomes gradually more favorable. From a general point of view, we can say that three partners or protagonists are involved in the process of recovery or loss of a language. In one way or another, the government and regional and local authorities are the decision-makers and financial backers, the agents of the linguistic policy are the providers, project managers, society and citizens are the addressees/beneficiaries. This leads me to develop a theory of the actors in the process of revitalization or loss of a language, the Three Partners Model, as a descriptive and explanatory framework.


The ZFC axioms provide a very widely accepted foundation for set theory, and in turn for all of mathematics. Thus one might hope that, once we adopt a good philosophy of set theory, all the ZFC axioms will seem clearly true, or at least justifiable via principles that are obvious (or obvious relative to the iterative hierarchy conception of sets). However there is a long standing controversy over how to justify one part of the ZFC axioms, namely the axiom schema of Replacement. In this paper we offer a new justification for the axiom of Replacement based on a potentialist approach to set theory.


Raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV) is a recently described (−)ssRNA virus (genus Emaravirus) associated with the long-known, severe raspberry leaf blotch disorder (RLBD). The virus is presumably transmitted by the raspberry leaf and bud mite (Phyllocoptes gracilis; Eriophyidae). Cultivated and wild raspberries (Rubus idaeus) displaying RLBD or yellowing symptoms were sampled in 14 districts in Finland and tested for RNA3 and RNA5 of RLBV by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and dot blot hybridization. A total of 59 samples were tested for RLBV, including 36 plants of cultivated raspberry, 20 wild raspberry plants, one ornamental purple flowering raspberry plant (Rubus odoratus), and two samples of P. gracilis (20 mites pooled per sample) collected from RLBD-affected Glen Ample. Fifty-three (93%) of the 57 plants tested were RLBV-positive, including seven raspberry cultivars (Balder, Glen Ample, Jenkka, Malling Minerva, Maurin Makea, Muskoka, Ottawa) and purple flowering raspberry, which is a new host for RLBV. RLBV was also detected by RT-PCR in mites (P. gracilis) collected from buds of RLBV-positive raspberry plants. The partial nucleotide (nt) sequence of the RLBV NP gene (nt 835–1284 of RNA3) was determined for 21 isolates obtained from 10 districts in Finland. Identical isolates were detected in distant districts, and distinctly different isolates were found in the same raspberry cultivation. Furthermore, eight different NP sequence variants were detected in the nine plants of a single raspberry cultivar (Glen Ample) tested from two districts. The nt and deduced amino acid sequences of the 21 isolates were 92.0–100% and 89.3–100% identical, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two main clusters. One cluster included three isolates, of which two isolates were from one farm in Finland and one isolate was previously characterised in Scotland. The other cluster contained the remaining 19 isolates characterised in this study. The results indicate that RLBV is widely distributed in cultivated and wild raspberries in Finland and shows considerable genetic variability.


Salary issues are the most complex personnel problem and one of the most significant aspects of both employee and company. With the increasing complexity of corporate activities, it is designed an accounting system for each activity, one of which is for payroll activities and wages. Payroll and remuneration accounting systems are designed to handle payroll and salary transactions of employees and their payments. Effective payroll and wage systems are also important to maintain good relationships between employees and employers. In this study the data used are primary data. Primary data is data obtained directly from the object of research, that data obtained directly from PT. Tri Chemindo Ampuh. The data is the principal data that will be used as the discussion in this study. After the analysis and discussion that has been done before, then at the end of this thesis can be concluded that based on testing with SPSS version 22 indicates that there is a stronger relationship between Payroll Accounting System and Wages to Employee Satisfaction has a relationship level of 0.871 on the value of R. Level of the relationship in accordance with the interval coefficient of correlation with the interval close to 1 means having a stronger relationship. Keywords: Accounting System, Payroll and Wages, Employee Satisfaction


The case of an 11-year-old male patient with truncus arteriosus is presented. The patient has a right aortic arch, a repaired truncus arteriosus, pulmonary artery stenosis, as well as conduit stenosis, with a complex surgical plan being discussed. In order to gather additional insight into the patient's anatomy prior to the surgery and to facilitate communication with the patient's parents, a three-dimensional (3D) model of his heart and main vessels was created from computed tomography data. Feedback was collected from different stakeholders. The patient and his parents were both struck by the size of the heart, with the parents further elaborating on how the 3D model was more intuitive a tool than medical images as well as "an helpful talking point to the other members of the family" and potentially also at school. The surgeon and cardiologist commented on gaining better understanding of the 3D relationship between a markedly narrowed right pulmonary artery and the aorta, with the surgeon ultimately coming to a decision of dividing the ascending aorta quite high to access the right pulmonary artery for patch reconstruction and thus planning to arrest the circulation beforehand. The imaging expert remarked on the potential to "improve communication in multidisciplinary meetings," while a medical trainee, who also had a chance to evaluate the model, remarked that "having the model in front of me and being able to see the exact abnormality makes this particular case much more memorable. […] 3D printed models could have immense potential in pathology and anatomy teaching for the training of healthcare professionals."


Spur gear tooth root strains are calculated using a finite element/contact mechanics formulation for varying gear speeds and applied torques. Extensive comparisons with experiments, including those from the literature and new ones, confirm that the finite element/contact mechanics formulation accurately predicts the quasi-static and dynamic tooth root strains. The finite element/contact mechanics model is used to investigate the features of the tooth root strain curves as the gears rotate kinematically and the tooth contact conditions change. Tooth profile modifications are shown to strongly affect the shape of the strain curve. At non-resonant speeds the dynamic tooth root strain curves have similar shapes as the quasi-static strain curves. At resonant speeds, however, the dynamic tooth root strain curves are drastically different because large amplitude vibration causes tooth contact loss.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and/or areola (NHNA) is a rare but benign skin disease, which occurs predominantly in females during the 2 and 3 decade of life. Usually bilateral although unilateral has also been described. Naevoid or idiopathic, this is a distinct entity not secondary to any dermatoses. Though occurrence and aggravation around puberty and pregnancy support the hypothesis that the etiology is hormonal. Here we report two cases of NHNA without any of the hormonal predisposing factors thus making it a rare presentation of the condition.


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of disease SARS-CoV-2 and resembles the SARS virus which has now become a pandemic. The level of transmission caused by droplets raises the need for personal protective equipment that can prevent spread. The great need causes the ratio of supply and demand to become unbalanced. This study aims to develop a personal protective product in the form of a face shield that has a good product acceptance rate and an effective manufacturing process. This study uses a 3D printer with the Fused Deposit Material (FDM) system as a means of manufacturing products. First, a product modification process is carried out which is then tested with several parameters. The parameters of the product acceptance level used are fit, space, comfort, weight. Each parameter is measured using a visual analogue scale. The results of product testing were obtained that the fit and weight parameters were in the very good category and the space and comfort parameters were in the good category. The production time required to manufacture a product is 31 minutes and spent 31 grams of the filament.


mining is a new approach for education. The main objectives of higher education institutions are to provide quality education to its students for their better placement opportunity. We could use Decision tree algorithms to predict student selection in placement. It helps us to identify the dropouts of the student who need special attention and allow the teacher to provide appropriate placement training. This paper describes how the different Decision tree algorithms used to predict student performance in placement. In the first step we have gathered the last two years passed out students details from placement cell in Dr.N.G.P Arts and Science College. In the second step preprocessing was done on those data and attributes were selected for prediction and in the third step Decision tree algorithms such as ID3, CHAID, and C4.5 were implemented by using Rapid Miner tool. Validation is checked for the three algorithms and accuracy is found for them. The best algorithm based on the collected placement data is ID3 with an accuracy of 95.33%.


Aim. Development and validation of an accessible method for the quantitative determination of glycine in a new original drug used in condition of alcohol dependence.Methods. To quantify glycine in a drug in the form of an effervescent powder for the preparation of an oral solution, a spectrophotometric method was developed and validated using a Specord 200 spectrophotometer from "Analytik Jena".Results. As a result of the study, a modified sensitive method for the quantitative determination of glycine by a spectrophotometric method was developed. The optimal conditions for carrying out the glycine – ninhydrin reaction were selected in order to obtain stable analysis results: analytical wavelength – 568 nm; heating the reaction mixture is carried out in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes; the volume of the buffer solution is 4 ml, the pH of the buffer solution is 6.8, and a reducing agent – ascorbic acid was introduced. It was established that the methodology does not have a systematic error; the relative uncertainty for the probability of 95 % does not exceed the maximum allowable uncertainty of the analysis results (1,77 % ≤ 2,4 %). Validation parameters such as specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness were studied for the glycine quantification procedure. It was established that all calculated validation parameters meet the acceptability criteria.Conclusions. An accessible sensitive spectrophotometric technique based on the ability of the products of the interaction of glycine with ninhydrin to absorb in the visible region of the spectrum has been developed and validated. All validation parameters meet the acceptability criteria


The purpose of this paper is to focus on analyzing its flexural capacity under concentrated force at the two points of a symmetrical load after the 21 old and new different degrees of damege to prestressed concrete hollow slab is strengthened with CFRP by the different paste modes and paste quantities.Meanwhile,according to the initial loading of prestressed concrete hollow slab specimens in which the plastic state, based on the elastic-plastic theory,it presents the theoretical calculation formula of the ultimate bearing capacity produced with the consideration of the secondary load of the prestressed concrete hollow slab strengthened with CFRP.Through the experimental value of the old and new specimens compared with the theoretical one, It provides design suggestions and reference for the prestressed concrete hollow slab strengthened with CFRP,and provides an experimental basis for the repairing and reinforcing practical application of the Wenchuan disaster area.


We investigate the effect of reabsorption of photons in laser cooling of trapped atoms, in view of a possible achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation by purely optical means. Reabsorption can be strongly suppressed by using strongly deformed traps and by reducing the fluorescence rate to a value smaller than the trap frequencies.


The abundant use of loanwords in the press has enriched new spaper language,and depending on the press loanwords have been popularized and d eveloped as well.The great variety of loanwords makes newspaper language vivid a nd novel,but they are not standard and the standardization of newspaper language is required.The standardization should follow the principles of necessity,suita bleness and selecting the best.


We investigate the application limit of the SR interferometer for emittance measurement at the KEK-ATF. We need to consider two important problems, which are the limitation of the availability of the van Cittert-Zernike theorem and the diffraction effect due to a narrow vertical aperture of the SR extraction line. The former problem is analyzed with the theory introduced in another paper. The latter one is studied with a numerical calculation, where the narrow aperture is assumed to be an optical slit with an adequate vertical width. We show that these problems must be solved for the accurate measurement of electron emittance, especially in the vertical direction.


Wundram Pimentel, María Alejandra. M.S., Purdue University, May 2015. Negotiating Trans Activism in Guatemala City: The Case of REDMMUTRANS. Major Professor: Ellen Gruenbaum. The purpose of this ethnographic project is to investigate how the activists in REDMMUTRANS, a trans women rights activist group in Guatemala City, understand their individual and collective identity as trans. By analyzing the way REDMMUTRANS navigates and negotiates national and transnational discourses on gender, this thesis takes particular attention to the influence that activist practice has had in individual's adoption of 'trans' as an identity category. By looking at the way REDMMUTRANS's members construct their collective identity, I explore the interactions between the transnational development industry, localized experiences, and activist practice has in constructing what 'trans' means in the context of Guatemala.


The Pillar Dollar Wreck (BISC0035) is located within the boundaries of Biscayne National Park (BNP), Homestead, Florida (Fig. 1). Known locally since the 1960s, it is believed to be a wrecked Spanish galleon that sank sometime in the 18th century. The shipwreck has sparked the interest of adventure seekers, looters, treasure hunters, researchers, and managers who have undertaken a range of activities on site. Its colloqial name is attributed to a type of Spanish coin that was found on site by local adventure seekers who visited the site prior to the implementation of protective legislation and the state of Florida's 1A-31 permit system, which allows for the commercial exploitation of historic shipwrecks. Despite the fact that BNP manages the site and has continuously monitored the location since the 1980s, looting continues today and has irrevocably affected the site. Nevertheless, there is still much to learn about the Pillar Dollar Wreck, particularly about the vessel's origin and construction. In September 2014, a team from East Carolina University's Program in Maritime Studies conducted archaeological investigations at the site. Among the basic goals of the project were determining the vessel type, period, and cultural affiliation; examining site distribution and site formation processes including looting and treasure hunting impacts; and suggesting management recommendations for future research and protection. Investigations included a full predisturbance survey and excavation of selected areas of the site. Although a large portion of the wooden hull remains buried below sediments, little material culture in the form of artefacts were uncovered; this is likely due to the unchecked treasure hunting and looting that has occurred at this site for decades. What follows is a preliminary report of archaeological data recovered during the 2014 field season, as well as, a discussion of the depth and breadth of impact that looting and treasure hunting in the Florida Keys has on our shared colonial heritage.


This chapter describes a novel ACO algorithm for the degree-constrained minimum spanning tree (d-MST) problem. Instead of constructing the d-MST directly on the construction graph, ants construct the encoded d-MST. Two well-known tree codings are used: the Prüfer code, and the more recent Blob code (Picciotto, 1999). Both of these tree codings are bijective because they represent each spanning tree of the complete graph on |V| labelled vertices as a code of |V|-2 vertex labels. Each spanning tree corresponds to a unique code, and each code corresponds to a unique spanning tree. Under the proposed approach, ants will select graph vertices and place them into the Prüfer code or Blob code being constructed. The use of tree codings such as Prüfer code or Blob code makes it easier for the proposed ACO to solve another variant of the d-MST problem with both lower and upper bound constraints on each vertex (lu-dMST). A general lu-dMST problem formulation is given. This general lu-dMST problem formulation could be used to denote d-MST problem formulation also. Subsequently, Prüfer code and Blob code tree encoding and decoding are presented and then followed by the design of two ACO approaches using these tree codings to solve d-MST and lu-dMST problems. Next, results from these ACO approaches are compared on structured hard (SHRD) graph data set for both d-MST and ludMST problems, and important findings are reported.


Experiments indicated that 1.2% Manic-EC preparation,which is a kind of plant pesticide made of matrine and nicotine could intensely kill the beetles (Monochamus alternatus Hope) carrying pine wood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus).The death rate to beetles was 100% when the preparation was diluted to 400 times after sprayed in 24 h.B V (Beauveria bassiana×Verticillium lecanii) mixtures also could kill beetles and death rate to beetles was about 42.9%,showing mixtures had a good effect to pine wilt disease.The wilting rates of pine trees in the forest had declined year by year from 2001 to 2003 after releasing B V mixture.The decline rate in 2001 was 61.86%,35.25% in 2002 and 54.8% in 2003,but the decline rate of the contrast in the forest is about null.Combining Manic-EC with B V may be a good kind of production worth to be developed and safe to the environment.


A study of the properties of dispersed-reinforced concrete and a study of the effect of dispersed reinforcement on the operation of structures was carried out, mainly with a static load of the same sign. Based on the results of experimental studies, a comparison was made of the work of dispersed-laminated structures under alternating dynamic action of high intensity with the work of reinforced concrete beam elements under similar influences. The results of experimental studies of cubes and prisms for static and dynamic compression are also presented. The results of experimental studies allow us to conclude that there is a significant effect of dispersed reinforcement on the operation of structures under the investigated influences and the feasibility of combined reinforcement of structures. The use of dispersed reinforcement in structures will increase the resistance of structures to such influences.


This report outlines the design and configuration of the Cyber Security Learning and Research Environment (CLARE). It explains how such a system can be implemented with minimal hardware either on a single machine or across multiple machines. Moreover, details of the design of the components that constitute the environment are provided alongside sufficient implementation and configuration documentation to allow for replication of the environment.


Through questionnaire and documents on 16 college top basketball team's coach and students in Shandong,this article analyzes the current situation of college top team development,finds out the existing problems in the college of Shandong,puts out the countermeasure in the future development.


Ac results from colonic fermentation of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, and can be an energy source for infants. The contribution of colonic Ac to the circulating Ac pool was studied in 4 weaned, fasted, anesthetized neonatal pigs (age 5-11 d, wt 1.7-2 kg). Baseline Ac entry rate was determined from the plateau enrichment of 3H-Ac in the portal vein during a 1-h infusion. Subsequently, 14C-Ac (1 mmol/kg, 185-243 dpm/nmol) was infused intracecally for 1 h. 3H-Ac dilution in the portal vein was used to calculate the Ac entry rate. The dilution of 14C-Ac provided a measure of endogenous Ac in the circulating Ac pool. Colonic infusion increased portal Δc. by 321% over baseline (% DOB). In 2 animals, no dilution of 14C-Ac indicated that all circulating Ac yas derived from the colonic infusion. In 1 animal, dilution of 14C suggested that endogenous production of Ac was not suppressed. The table shows values before (Baseline) and after 1 h of intracecal infusion (End and Portal Ac).Colonic Ac may make a major contribution to the circulating Ac pool and thereby affect endogeous production.


This paper establishes a context for the development of policy in relation to older persons' mobility in Australia. The paper outlines ideas which represent the collective thinking of Australians and others about the government of people. In general such thinking is described as neo-liberal or post-welfare state thinking and some detail is presented in relation to it. It is within this established context that policy is most likely to develop which will govern older persons' safe mobility. A number of South Australian and Australian Commonwealth government policy documents which relate to older Australians are analysed in order to determine the extent to which the ideas contained in them are congruent with Australian neo-liberal or post-welfare state ideas. It is then argued that mobility is a preferred broad focus for policy in relation to older Australians rather than motor vehicle travel and road safety. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E209619. The CD version of this Conference has the ISBN 1-876346-46-9.


: This study aims to develop p-book and e-book-based modules that are valid, practical, and effective in the Archipelago Ornament Course and the Batik Craft Course in the Fine Arts Department. This research method used research and development with the 4-D development model (Four-D Models), namely: define, design, develop, and disseminate. The research instrument used a questionnaire with a Likert scale, while the data analysis technique consisted of validity data analysis, practicality data analysis, and effectiveness test data analysis. The results of this study indicated that: a) the validity value of the module was 79.25%, and the module was a pretty valid category; b) the value of the practicality of the module by students was 85.33%, and the module was included in the practical category in the learning process, and c) the average value of student activity (reading modules, asking questions, answering questions, and completing assignments) observed in the learning process and student learning outcomes was 82.81% which can be category as very active students and modules were category as effective. It showed that p-book and e-book-based modules were quite valid, practical, and effective


AIM:To investigate the preventive effects of Jianpi Jiedu Recipe against diethylnitrosamineinduced hepatocarcinoma in rats and explore the involvement of miR-199a downregulation in this process.divided into three groups:normal control group (n=25),model group (n=40) and prevention group (n=40).The normal control group was given normal saline [10 mL/(kg?d) ig] for 12 weeks,the model group was given diethylnitrosamine dissolved in drinking water (80 ppm) at a dose of 8 mg/(kg?d) for the same duration,and the prevention group was given both diethylnitrosamine at the same dose and Jianpi Jiedu Recipe [17.5 g/(kg?d),ig] for the same duration.Five rats in each group were executed at weeks 4,8,12 and 16,respectively,and the remaining rats were killed at week 20.Meanwhile,the mortality,incidence of ascites,and liver and spleen index were measured.Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) was used to examine hepatic pathological changes.The expression of miR-199a mRNA was detected by real-time reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RESULTS:At week 20,the mortality rate and the incidence rate of ascites were 0% and 0% in the normal control group,42.5% and 87.5% in the model group,and 17.5% and 44.4% in the prevention group,respectively.The mortality rate and the incidence of ascites were significantly lower in the prevention group than in the model group (both P 0.05).At week 16,the incidence of HCC was 100% in both the model group and prevention group and 0% in the normal control group,the incidence of grade III liver cancer was 100% (5/5) in the model group,and the incidences of grade I,II and III liver cancer were 40% (2/5),40% (2/5) and 20% (1/5) in the prevention group,respectively.Compared with the model group,the liver and spleen index in the prevention group were significantly reduced at all time points (all P 0.01).Real-time RT-PCR results showed that the expression of miR-199a was significantly upregulated in the model group.However,miR-199a expression was significantly downregulated in the prevention group at all time points except at week 16 (all P 0.01).CONCLUSION:Jianpi Jiedu Recipe has good preventive effects against hepatocarcinoma in rats perhaps partly by downregulating miR-199a expression.


The conventional form of the alveolar air equation assumes that inert gases are in equilibrium. It is therefore inapplicable during nitrous oxide uptake and elimination. An alternative form of the equation avoids this assumption and may be used for calculation of the ideal alveolar tension of oxygen or inhalational anaesthetic agents.


The purpose of this study explains how the Givency Make Up Academy applies the marketing strategy of communication to consumers. The concepts used in this study are marketing communications and communication strategies. The methods used in this research are qualitative, the research approach is descriptive. The research was done at the givency make up academy. The data-gathering technique on this research is an interview. Interviews are made by three sources that are the owner, the coach1, and thecoach2. The results of this study suggest that Givency Make Up Academy could strengthen marketing strategies and communication applications aimed at helping the givency make up academy. Furthermore, communication strategies made by gma are effective because it performs structured marketing. The impact derived from the marketing communications affected the consumer interest in joining the givency make upacademy.


title printed below image. printed below image l.l.: the rose series p. 1576 / copyright. printed on verso: published by the rose stereograph co. / armadale victoria. glass negative of identitical image digitised at h32492/2260.


: Chainsaws generate high levels of vibrations and noise during work. Regardless of the type of their drive (electric, combustion) chainsaws excel TLVs (Threshold Limited Values) of vibration accelerations and the A-weighted sound level specified for eight-hour working day. The intensity of a vibro-acoustic impact of chainsaws on their operators depends on many factors. One of them is the type of the drive. This is due to significant differences in chainsaw design (inter alia characteristics of the drive, rotational speed, quasi-constant for an electric drive and variable for a combustion one). For chainsaws of the same or alike power and different type of the drive levels of vibrations and noise may vary. In this article noise levels and frequency weighted vibration accelerations for different direction of cutting kerf have been compared. Tests were performed with the same interchangeable cutting set (guide bar, cutting chain). The repeatability of conditions of the cutting process was ensured.


By using catalysts, refining, petrochemical and chemical industries produce many materials and fuels used today. This production is done with optimum yields and limitation of wastes. The global annual market of catalysts in the world is around 10 thousand millions euros.


Alternative and Activist New Media by Leah A. Lievrouw1 published as part of the Digital Media and Society Series by Polity Press seeks to "provide a rich and accessible overview of the ways in which activists, artists, and citizen groups around the world use new media and information technologies to gain visibility and voice, present alternative or marginal views, share their own DIY information systems and content, and otherwise resist, talk back to, or confront dominant media culture" (the back cover). In addition to the introduction, a general chapter on the roots of alternative and activist new media and a more general closing chapter, there are five specific chapters dealing with particular "genres of contemporary new media projects" (p. 3): culture jamming, alternative computing, participatory journalism, mediated mobilization and "commons knowledge". Being a social psychologist and not an information studies professor as the author is, I was interested less in alternative computing and more in participation and mobilization, and being a scholar immersed in questions around knowledge production and accessibility, I was interested more in the commons knowledge projects than in culture jamming. Thus I should warn you from the beginning—perhaps I was not exactly the kind of audience the author had in mind when writing the book. Perhaps that is also the reason why I had to restart reading the book three times and even then could not read it from cover to cover but had to start with the more intriguing chapters and then "struggle through" the rest with some real effort. This short review will focus on the parts of the book which were more interesting from my viewpoint. Due to my own research interests in the way organizations, loosely structured initiatives and active individuals use the new media to foster participation, I was mostly interested in the chapter about mediated mobilization. I was looking forward to learning more about new media being used for mobilization purposes in the social movements I had heard so much


Taking highway construction project cost management as the object of study,this paper summarizes cost control and management science in highway construction enterprise though analyzing and studying cost management methods common used in current highway engineering construction,which has guiding significances for construction arrangement and scientific planning of construction operation.


Mechanophores have become a very useful tool to study mechanical stress at the molecular level, as well as a method for detection of mechanical damage. However, optical signals from such...


A relief valve adapted for use with either a liquid or gaseous flow stream and comprising a body having a cage member secured thereto and housing all of the working elements of the valve, the cage member being readily removable from and engagable with the body for converting the valve from liquid to gas installations and also removable from the body without disturbing the installation of the valve in a flow line, fluid containing vessel, or the like.


F ood biomolecular sciences discovered the wellbeing and health eff ect of olive trees due to olive bioactives, OBs, found in olive oil, table olives, olive waste water and pomace, olive cell-culture and bioreactors . Th e olive biophenol-secoiridoids, OBPsecos, are signifi cant for wellbeing and therapeutic practice for modern Homo edens consumers. Table olives and olive oils are OBPseco rich, as functional bio- and techno-molecules in Mediterranean diet, UNESCO defi nition as wider Mediterranean Aliment Culture, MAC. Th e lipidic and water-soluble fractions contain OBPsecos, oleuropein, ligstroside, their hydrolytic such as hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein aglycone, and ligstroside aglycone as well as their demethylated homologs oleacein and oleocanthal, respectively.OBPseco overall biomolecular dynamics of pathogen antagonism, before harvesting and processing to olive oil, table olives and leaf extracts, towards functional foods, nutraceuticals and nutricosmeceuticals, is directly operative in phytoalexin forms or stored in the masked partially active precursors of phytoanticipins. OBPseco derivatives are converted by host enzymes in response of pathogen attack and tissue damage during the olive milling and table olive debittering process. Th ey provide biomolecular evidence from individual bio- and techno-derivatives. Th is exceptional font of ingredients for traditional and functional MAC foods, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals and nutricosmeceuticals, are derived from leaf extracts and olive drupe processing throughout the food supply chain from the olive orchard to the table. Th e re-evaluation of OBPseco operative role in processing and digestive systems, by analytical and computational techniques, rationalizes molecular structures, mechanisms, and functions. Th e biomolecular basis of best of and quality issues in Smart packaging or active packaging, and intelligent packaging are the types of nanotechnology-based innovative packaging systems to solve the food preservation problems, meet the consumers demand on safe and quality food, prevent the waste and provide sustainability issues. Many active compounds and preservatives such as antimicrobials, antioxidants, and antibrowning agents have low solubility, high hydrophobicity, volatility, sensitivity to environmental degradation, thus this properties limits their usage in foodstuff s. Nanocarriers provide a protective environment for active compounds with enhanced bioavailability and stability. Nanocarriers as delivery stems, improve the bioavailability and effi ciency of active compounds, provide maximum stability and protection, and permit the release of encapsulated compound in a controlled and desired manner at suitable rates for food protection. Nanocarriers can be formulated with nanoencapsulation techniques such as special equipment based, lipid-based, nonpolymeric nanostructures including cyclodextrins, polymer-based including, nanojels, nanotubes, nanofi ber, nanoemulsions, and nanocrystals.In this presentation, the speaker useful tips for designing a proper food packaging material with desired property using innovative nanotechnology applications. research eff orts on the development of new packaging technologies, the interesting developments in nanotechnology for food packaging. Nanotechnology applications may be used to about 25 % of all packaging in the with cheaper systems. T aste is one of the key drivers of cat food palatability (Oliveira et al., 2016). Low-molecular weight peptides and amino acids in particular are known to be important contributors of cat food taste (Andersen et al, 2010). Th ey are commonly brought by palatability enhancers that are widely used to increase food acceptability (Th ombre, 2004). Th ese compounds are generated during the manufacturing process of palatability enhancers which is mainly based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins and animal-derived proteins found in red meat and liver (Zaghini and Biagi, 2005). Th is proteolysis can be infl uenced by many factors including enzyme concentration, substrate nature, temperature, pH, time, etc. (Bahskar et al., 2008). Th e fi rst aim of the study was to build a tool able to predict the hydrolysis degree and peptide profi les of meat based palatability enhancers according to process parameters. Th e second goal of the study was to investigate the link between the hydrolysis profi le of palatability enhancers and their palatability level in cat. Two experimental designs were used to establish proteolysis predictive models. Hydrolysates with fi nal hydrolysis degree ranging from 2% to 72% were produced in diff erent process conditions from diff erent raw materials. Hydrolysates peptides profi le were analyzed. In addition, palatability enhancers made from selected hydrolysates were coated on cat kibbles for sensory evaluation. Th e established proteolysis predictive models were highly correlated with the measured experimental data. Th ey allowed an accurate prediction of the hydrolysates attributes. Sensory evaluations showed that the correlation level between degree of hydrolysis, peptides profi le and palatability varied depending on the raw material sources and the chosen experimental fi eld. Protein hydrolysis modeling appeared to be (in of the of content and ciency. single extract. T he aim of this research was to test a bacteriophage-based processing aid as well as a method for phage-mediated bio-processing that will allow to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms from the surface of freshly caught fi sh and extend shelf-life of chilled hydrobiont. Th e study was carried out on samples of freshly caught rainbow trout at a fi sh farm in Karelia. Samples were decontaminated using a phage cocktail containing 6 original virulent bacteriophage strains that were previously pheno- and genotypically characterized. Application of a new method of bio-decontamination by way of immersing the rainbow trout for 30 seconds in a solution containing 6 bacteriophage strains at a titer of at least 108 pfu/ml slowed their bacterial deterioration by 3 days. Th e use of the new method of decontamination of semi-processed food products called phage-mediated bio-processing makes it possible not only to retain their eco-purity, nutritional value and palatability, but extend their shelf-life beyond the limits set by the current legislation. D ata from the literature have repeatedly demonstrated the benefi cial role of the vegetarian diet in reducing risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, mainly because they positively modulate biochemical parameters, particularly those related to glycemic control and lipemia. Recently, animal studies have demonstrated the relationship of the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and its relationship with increased insulin sensitivity and consequent lowering of blood glucose levels. Objective: Our objective is to evaluate the glycemic profi le (fasting glycemia) and circulating levels of BDNF in adult vegetarian individuals compared to omnivores. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 96 subjects (56 vegetarians and 40 omnivores) adults. Th e biochemical parameters were obtained by means of blood collection, glycemia by the Automated Enzymatic Colorimetric method and the BDNF levels by BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System (Promega®, Madison, WI, USA), according to the manufacturer's specifi cations. For analysis, biochemical variables were classifi ed as normal and altered using the following reference ranges for altered fasting glycemia ( > 110mg/dL) and for BDNF (median [626.0 pg/mL]). Th e analyzes were performed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and for all a level of signifi cance of 5% was considered. Results: Vegetarians had lower fasting blood glucose levels when compared to omnivores (82,13 ± 9,11 mg/dL vs 85,8 ± 10,87 mg/dL, p=0,004). Regarding the BDNF variable, there was no diff erence between vegetarians and omnivores (662,8 ± 276,5pg/ml vs 698,1 ± 314,9 pg/ml, p=0,563). Conclusions: Th e results indicate that the vegetarian diet has a benefi cial role in relation to the glycemic control, research with a greater number of subjects is necessary to understand its relationship with BDNF levels. I ncreasingly, children experience a disconnect from understanding just where and how the food they are eating is produced. Th is tendency is a product of the nature of our globalized food systems, where we as consumers have hardly no interaction nor insight into the food we consume, until we meet it in the supermarket. Th is lack of understanding has an immense impact on food choices and eating habits, a circumstance that might aff ect our health, our understanding of the role of nutrition, and the environment and ethical dilemmas such as fair trade and animal welfare. Connecting consumers, and especially children to the food they are consuming, i.e. learning about the natural world they inhabit, stands as a massively important task. For this reason, the Erasmus+ Strategic Partnership project, Learn4Health, was created. Learn4Health aims at communicate and disseminate a better understanding of food, food production, nutrition and health for pupils in primary and secondary schools. Th is is done by developing new and innovative teaching strategies and methods, where pupils are placed in concrete 'hands-on' learning contexts and activities. What is unique about the project is the constellation of partners; each of the six countries participating are represented by one higher educational institution or organization and one primary and/or secondary school working together – making this a truly interdisciplinary and multifaceted collaboration. In this paper, we will present the project and the research approaches as well as the practical hands-on experiments carried out, discuss the fi ndings and preliminary results, and, fi nally, present the strategies to secure the sustainability, transferability and dissemina


The outlier mining method for time series data is investigated. DFT is used to transform the time series data from time domain to frequency domain. The time series data can be mapped into the multidimensional points in multidimensional space. A distance based algorithm is proposed to mine the outliers. The time series data of the electrical load of a steel plant are used for simulation test. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the algorithm.


A cytosolic glutathione S-tranferase from Acidovorax sp. KKS102, a biphenyl/polychlorobiphenyl degrading organism is recently known to have a dehalogenation function on various organochlorine substrates. However, little is known about the specific amino acids involved in this catalytic process. The in silico sitedirected mutagenesis of a highly conserved region; Ala, Asp and Tyr in the C-terminal domain of the cytosolic glutathione S-transferase from Acidovorax sp. was carried out using Deep View/Swiss-Pdb Viewer molecular graphics program for all the proteinogenic amino acids. Sustitutions at position 154 of Ala for Phe, Trp and Tyr showed tendency of greater effect on the protein. At position 155, substitution of Asp for His, Phe, Trp and Tyr have greater effect on the 3D model of the protein. For substitution of Tyr at position 157, only Pro substitution showed greater effect on the protein model. The amino acid substitutions in this region may likely affect the theoretical 3D model of the transferase protein entity through alterations of some stabilization forces which may in turn affect the structural stability and perhaps the activity of the enzyme.


Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by abnormal skin lipids that are largely driven by hyperactivated type 2 immune responses. The antibody to the α‐subunit of interleukin (IL)‐4 receptor, dupilumab, was recently approved to treat AD and demonstrated strong efficacy. However, the role of dupilumab therapy in the regulation of skin barrier structure and function has not been fully explored.


The adaptive channel equalizer comprises a first complex multiplier 511 for outputting a first in-phase complex multiplication signal and a first quadrature phase complex multiplication signal; a reference signal generator 512 for generating a reference signal; an error calculator for outputting an in-phase error signal and a quadrature phase error signal; a delay unit for outputting an in-phase delay signal and a quadrature phase delay signal; a gain controller for outputting an in-phase gain control signal and a quadrature phase gain control signal; a second complex multiplier 516 for outputting a second in-phase complex multiplication signal and a second quadrature phase complex multiplication signal; an adder for outputting updated in-phase and quadrature phase coefficients; an address generator for generating a write address signal and a read address signal; a storage unit for storing the updated in-phase and quadrature phase coefficients, and outputting the updated coefficients; an initial coefficients generator for generating an initial coefficients; a selecting signal generator for generating a selecting signal; and a multiplexing unit for selecting one of the initial coefficients and the updated coefficients according to the selecting signal. This is to remove intra-symbol interference.


Energetic ion bombardment has been coupled with Multiphoton Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy to yield a powerful tool for surface analysis. This technique will be used to search for and examine he double-beta decay of Xe to Ba.


Lack of knowledge of primary school children regarding the selection of snacks can lead to various health risks such as unhealthy snacks. To prevent the effects of consuming unhealthy snacks can be done by providing health education. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education with comic and leaflet media on students' knowledge of choosing healthy snacks at SDN 05 Indralaya and SDN 02 Indralaya Utara in 2018. The design
of this study was a quasy experiment with pretest posttest control group design. The sample of this study was the fifth grade students of SDN 05 Indralaya and SDN 02 Indralaya Utara with a total of 62 students. Sampling using simple
random sampling. The results showed that the average knowledge of students in the experimental group before being given intervention was 6.81 and 11.68 after being given intervention. While in the control group the average knowledge before intervention was 7.00 and after intervention was 9.97. Based on the Paired Sample T-Test test, both comics and leaflets obtained p value = <0.05 means that there is an educational effect on increasing knowledge about healthy snacks in students. Independent sample T-Test test statistics obtained p value = <0.05 means that there are significant differences in the two groups. Suggestions of this research should the schools work together with the Ogan Ilir District Health Office to be able to provide continuous and periodic health education, especially regarding the selection of healthy snacks for all students in schools to increase student knowledge.


SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The case records of 55 patients with lung abscesses at a large county-university hospital in the past five years were reviewed. The age, sex, predisposing factors, symptoms, bacteriology and location did not appear significantly different from other series. The diagnosis was made earlier in this series than in those reported reported previously; 71 per cent of patients had symptoms of less than one month's duration. Factors that appeared to indicate a poor prognosis were multiple abscesses, lower lobe abscesses or presence of one of the so-called pathogenic bacteria on initial culture. Therapy should be prolonged and intensive and continued until the abscess has closed. The patient should be given an adequate trial to close the cavity on medical management. However, if symptoms progress, if the abscess enlarges or if no response is made after six weeks to two months, surgical intervention should be more strongly considered. Late surgical resection may be necessary in the patient who has closed his abscess but has recurrent infections or residual bronchiectasis.


A numerical enhancement of nitrogen atoms and a simultaneous decrease in heat flux flowing into the reaction chamber were found using a high-power Ar–N2 pulse-modulated induction thermal plasma. Optical emission spectroscopy was carried out to estimate the relative number of excited nitrogen atoms flowing into the reaction chamber. The relative heat flux into the reaction chamber was evaluated from surface temperature measurement of a metal specimen installed at the downstream portion of the plasma torch. Results showed that decreasing the shimmer current level, which means the modulation degree of the coil current, increases the number of excited nitrogen atoms, while the heat flux can be reduced compared to a conventional steady state induction thermal plasma.


In abstract terms, ecosystem ecology is about determining when two ecosystems, superficially different, are alike in some deeper way. An external observer can choose any ecosystem property as being important. In contrast, two ecosystems are equivalent from the point of view of the organisms they contain if and only if for each species, the proportional population growth rate does not differ between the ecosystems. Comparative studies of ecosystems should therefore focus on patterns in proportional population growth rates, rather than patterns in other properties such as relative abundances. Popular activities such as measuring dissimilarity, and representing dissimilarity via ordination, can then be done from the point of view of the organisms in ecosystems. Summarizing the state of an ecosystem under this approach remains challenging. In general, the dynamics on equivalence classes of ecosystems defined in this way are structurally different from the dynamics of ecosystems as seen by an external observer. This may limit the extent to which natural selection can act on ecosystem structure.


Department of Microbial Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.ABSTRACT: The Forsythiae Fructus is an oriental medicine containing various lignans. In this study, the Forsythiae Fructuswere extracted by hot water (Sample 1), hot water after bio-conversion using Lactobacillus strain (Sample 2-LP2, 2-LA, 2-LC,2-LL, 2-BL and 2-LM) and 70% ethanol (Sample 3). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were improved by bio-conversionprocess using Lactobacillus strain, compared to water extract. Especially, sample 2-LL and 2-LA which had shown the hightotal polyphenol and flavonoid content in antioxidant activity. Also, sample 2-LL and 2-LA showed higher melanin generationinhibitory activity as of 55%, 53% in maximum extract concentration of 100㎍/㎖. In the anti-inflammation test of the For-sythiae Fructus extracts, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was inhibited. Specially, both 70% Forsythiae Fructus ethanol extract andsample 2-BL which have shown the relatively higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and superox-ide dismutase (SOD) like activities. In conclusion, the Forsythiae Fructus extracts with bio-conversion process has effect of s kinwhitening and anti-inflammation activity than other extracts. It could be used as a valuable materials for functional cosmetics .Key Words : Forsythiae Fructus, Lactobacillus, Antioxidant Activity, Bio-Conversion


The thesis is focused on next-generation DNA sequencing methods. The overview of these methods is given together with brief description of their principals. Theoretical potencial of these methods in application to forensic analysis is discussed and information about already implemented methods is involved.


The features of "oven" "smoke" in daily life correspond to the general style of Tang_Song poetry.Therefore,the "oven" "smoke" imagery becomes one of the most widespread and sucessful images used by Tang-Song poets.This paper approaches the function of the two imagerys on evohing the peculiar style,artistic conception of Tang-Song poetry.Meanwhile,this paper takes Liqing Zhao as the case and analyses the specific condition of "oven" "smoke" in her poems,which will help us understand the poetess's artistic character more deeply.


Recently, manufacturers and researchers have been intensively developing autonomous cars and driver-assist systems. If drivers understand exactly what such systems can do, these intelligent vehicles will reduce accident rates as expected. Ordinary drivers, however, have difficulty fully understanding the behavior of these complex systems. Those who are overconfident in the abilities of their vehicles may have accidents because they leave the control to the vehicle even in dangerous situations that the system cannot handle. In contrast, those who distrust the system may have accidents because the system distracts them from their manual driving. In this study we investigated the influence of first impressions of a lane-keeping system, as an example of a driver-assist system, on the driver's understanding of it. We also demonstrated that first impressions changed the subjects' decision even for the same images and that the subjects' feelings towards the system differ, based on their first experiences, even though they do learn the system with time.


The implications of using different control variables for the analysis of moisture observations in a global atmospheric data assimilation system are investigated. A moisture analysis based on either mixing ratio or specific humidity is prone to large extrapolation errors, due to the high variability in space and time of these parameters and to the difficulties in modeling their error covariances. Using the logarithm of specific humidity does not alleviate these problems, and has the further disadvantage that very dry background estimates cannot be effectively corrected by observations. Relative humidity is a better choice from a statistical point of view, because this field is spatially and temporally more coherent and error statistics are therefore easier to obtain. If, however, the analysis is designed to preserve relative humidity in the absence of moisture observations, then the analyzed specific humidity field depends entirely on analyzed temperature changes. If the model has a cool bias in the stratosphere this will lead to an unstable accumulation of excess moisture there. A pseudo-relative humidity can be defined by scaling the mixing ratio by the background saturation mixing ratio. A univariate pseudo-relative humidity analysis will preserve the specific humidity field in the absence of moisture observations. A pseudo-relative humidity analysis is shown to be equivalent to a mixing ratio analysis with flow-dependent covariances. In the presence of multivariate (temperature-moisture) observations it produces analyzed relative humidity values that are nearly identical to those produced by a


Objective:To understand the situation of accessibility of maternal health services for Tibetan women of childbearing age in remote agricultural and pastoral areas. Methods:The relationship between the utilization rate of maternal health services for Tibetan women of childbearing age in remote agricultural and pastoral areas and economic factor,educational factor,and the accessibility of medical and health services were analyzed based on the field survey data in Yushu autonomous prefecture,Dasumang village and Xiaosumang village of Nangqian county. Results:Only 12.4% of the women had received maternal health knowledge and education.The utilization rate of maternal health services during the last childbirth was low,the rate of prenatal examination was 49.1%,the rate of delivery with new methods was 11.2%,the rate of hospital delivery was 9.5%,the rate of visit after delivery was 6.5%,all the above-mentioned indicators were lower than those in similar areas;60.4% of the women turned to village doctors and country doctors for help when critical situations occurred during pregnancy;68.6% of the women turned to village doctors and country doctors for help when they felt discomfort after delivery.The utilization rate of maternal health services for Tibetan women who had received maternal health knowledge and education was higher than that who didn't receive maternal health knowledge and education;when critical situations occurred during pregnancy or the women felt discomfort after delivery,the rate of seeking treatment among the women with high annual family income was higher than that among the women with low annual family income.There was no correlation between the utilization rate of maternal health services and means of transportation,time from their home to medical institutions.67.3% of the women had no medical expense for childbirth;5.7% of the women paid 60%-100% of their annual family income for medical expense of childbirth;and 2.9% of the women paid medical expense for childbirth more than their annual family income.The women investigated reported that four relatives died during pregnancy in the past two years. Conclusion:The accessibility of maternal health education and services for Tibetan women in remote agricultural and pastoral areas is poor;it is necessary to promote economic development of remote agricultural and pastoral areas,advocate advanced childbearing culture,popularize maternal health knowledge and education among the women of childbearing age,and enhance the ability of maternal health services of village doctors.


Two competing approaches to travel demand modeling exist today. The more traditional four-step travel demand models rely on aggregate demographic data at a traffic analysis zone (TAZ) level. Activity-based microsimulation methods use more robust behavioral theory while focusing on individuals and households. Although the vast majority of U.S. metropolitan planning organizations continue to rely on traditional models, many modelers believe that activity-based approaches promise greater predictive capability, more accurate forecasts, and more realistic sensitivity to policy changes. Little work has examined in detail the benefits of activity-based models relative to more traditional approaches. To understand better the trade-offs between these two methodologies, results produced by both were modeled in an Austin, Texas, application. Three scenarios are examined: a base scenario, a scenario with expanded capacity along two key freeways, and a centralized-employment scenario. Results of the analysis revealed several differences in model performance and accuracy in terms of replicating travel survey and traffic count data. Such distinctions largely emerged through differing model assumptions. In general, activity-based models were more sensitive to changes in model inputs, supporting the notion that aggregate models ignore important behavioral distinctions across the population. However, they involved more effort and care in data manipulation, model calibration, and application to mimic behavioral processes better at a finer resolution. Such efforts help ensure that synthetic populations match key criteria and that activity schedules match surveyed behaviors, while being realistic and consistent across household members.


Kiening and Cornelia Herberichs discuss Fritz Lang's two part classic 1924 film of Die Nibelungenlied; Heinrich Adolf discusses Richard Thorpe's 1952 film version of Walter Scott's Ivanhoe, Christian Kiening offers a comparative reading of Ingmar Bergman's two cinematic medieval meditations, his 1957 film The Seventh Seal and his i960 film The Virgin Spring, in the volume's best essay, François Amy de la Bretcque discusses Anthony Mann's underappreciated 1961 film of El Cid; Ursula von Keitz discusses Andrei Tarkovski's 1996Andrei Rublev; Bruno Quast discusses Eric Rohmer's 1978 Perceval le Gallois; and Udo Friedrich's discusses Bertrand Tavernier's 1987 La Passion Béatrice. In part four of rhe volume, Elisabeth Bronfen discusses 'Monumentalität' in historical films. The volume concludes with a filmography, again heavily indebted (and cross-referenced) to those previously published in Amy de la Bretèque's L 'imaginaire médiéval dans le cinéma occidental and in my The Reel Middle Ages. Throughout, the volume offers a rich collection of film stills, all clearly reprinted, though in almost passport photo size. There are also complete indices of film titles and names.


Point-to-point motion of a humanoid agent (or any mobile creature) is considered as a composition of basic movements related to the degrees of freedom. With time/energy performance criteria, such movements can be synthesized by using simple control functions. Natural looking animation can be achieved employing even very simplified dynamics models. Their parameters can be estimated or identified using motion capture data. In case no appropriate dynamic model is available, we propose an efficient procedure of direct motion editing. The captured motion can be re-used in order to animate the original or other characters in a variety of similar motion tasks. The proposed approach for motion synthesis is applied in the case of a six-link biped. Two examples are considered: one for editing captured walking motion and the other of direct motion synthesis for climbing stairs. The proposed methodology is very appropriate for interactive character animation.


An Introduction to Paper The Material of Paper The Chemistry of Lignin and its Removal Cellulose Fibre Networks The Paper Formation Process The Surface Chemistry of Paper and the Paper-making System Chemical Additives in the Paper Formation Process The Surface Modification of Paper Recycling of Cellulose Paper-making and the Environment Recommended Reading Subject Index.


Summary We describe classical ways to think about the signed curvature and torsion of space curves using spherical indicatrices to record the twisting and turning of the Frenet frame. By constructing ribbons around curves, we show how to visualize their curvature and torsion. Finally, we use bicycle wheels to measure these quantities.


A system and a method for transmitting contents are provided to reduce the cost according to the use of a streaming service and to offer contents to many users at the same time. A streaming service control manager(100) manages the contents streaming operation according to a contents streaming transmission environment. An inverse multiplexing manager(101) receives the input data and performs the inverse multiplexing work. A contents adaptive manager(102) converts a mode into an I Frame only mode or an Audio Only Play mode in case that the state of the network is bad and performs the adaptive conversion work of contents. A re-multiplexing manager(103) receives the adapted data through the contents adaptive manager and performs the re-multiplexing work. The stream service control manager includes a module. The module outputs the input data immediately in case that the state of the network is good, provides the streaming transmission service and also outputs the adaptively converted data in case that the state of the network is bad.


JAMES R. MOORE (ed), History, humanity and evolution: essays for John C. Greene, Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp. xii, 429, illus., £35.00, $59.50 (0-521-33511-6). John C. Greene is a grand old man of the history of science. His career crucially interlocks with the subject's fortunes in America since the 1940s, both as a discipline in its own right and as a significant constituent of apres-Lovejoy intellectual history. This volume sets Greene's work as an historian of evolutionary thought against the current state of the art in studies of natural theology, evolutionary theory and scientific naturalism as cultural and polemical constructs. It does this through the framing devices of an "Introductory conversation" between Greene and the editor and an "Afterword" in which Greene comments on the preceding essays put together in his honour. James R. Moore's interview with Greene is a notable feature of the book and suggests comparisons with an earlier festschrift of a great historian of science. In "The making of an honorary Taoist", the first essay in the 1973 collection, Changing perspectives in the history of science-Essays in honour of Joseph Needham (ed. Mikulas Teich and Robert Young), Needham, writing under the pseudonym of "Henry Holorenshaw", gave his own account of how "a biochemist turned into a historian and sinologist" and came to regard himself as an "honorary Taoist". Greene, in conversation with Moore, tells of how a liberal Congregationalist from Vermillion, South Dakota passed through the Harvard of the 1 940sthe Pareto Circle and Society of Fellows in the era of Craine Brinton and A. N. Whiteheadand came to produce the classic account of the dissolution of the static view of nature that was to be published as The death of Adam: evolution and its impact on western thought (1959). Another parallel between the two volumes is that both are seen by their editors as important staging posts along the road from the subject's "coming of age. . . as a discipline" (Teich and Young) in the late 1950s and early sixties. Where Teich and Young emphasized the increasingly interdisciplinary character of the history of science since that time, Moore sees the thirty-year interval since the centennial commemorations of The origin of species as a period during which the "interests and interpretations" of the principal commentators on evolution have changed fundamentally. In spite of, but also because of the "Darwin industry", Moore observes, "Today's historians are more likely to fault than to flatter biologists' triumphal polarization of their disciplinary past. Darwin, for them, is not the revolutionary figure he once appeared to be, evolutionary ideas are not simply the rational outcome of a self-correcting science." Greene's particular contribution to this change has been to show the primary importance of the religious, philosophical and political constituents of evolutionary thought in all its biological, geological and astronomical complexities. His emphasis on the ways in which, as Moore puts it, "the human significance of evolution" was and continues to be "paramount" has inspired the generation of historians represented in History, humanity and evolution. Historiographically, Greene's influence can be located in three related areas. In the first place, his writings have provided a bridge between Lovejoy's "unit ideas" and the more recent project of a social history of ideas. Second, most notably in the 1971 essay "The Kuhnian paradigm and the Darwinian revolution in natural history", Greene convincingly argued that Kuhn's model of scientific change, "sealed off" from the extra-scientific influences of religion, ideology and culture, was peculiarly inappropriate for explaining the success of natural selection in Victorian Britain. Although Greene has always stressed that ideas do have a history of their own, his adage in the title essay of the 1981 collection Science, ideology and world view that "The lines between science, ideology, and world view are seldom tightly drawn" has


Objective To Explore the changes of local hemodynamics and clinical value before and after cranioplasty .Metbods The 10 cases were able to clearly describe the clinical symptoms of cranial defects patients ,Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography were examined before operation; After 2 weeks to review the TCD, Comparison between changes, Analysis of the clinical symptoms in patients before and after cranioplasty. Results The 9 cases were obvious improved of the clinical symptoms after operation.one case was normal of TCD before and after operation, another case which blood stream was more quicken of TCD before operation,and became normal after operation,4 Patients fron the preoperative blood flow slows down to narmal.The 4 cases were obvious improved of local hemodynamics after cranioplasty. Conclusions Cranioplasty surgery have obvious value for patients with clinical symptoms and improving local hemodynamics.If patient's condition were permission, Early Cranioplasty surgery has positive value on the rehabilitation of patients.

Key words:
Skull defects; Hemodynamics; Transcranial Doppler Sonography


Many students in the field of arts management have a background as practicing artists. In that light, it seems promising to explore fine arts pedagogies for the delivery of elements of arts management curricula. Studio critiques are a central pedagogic tool in arts education, allowing for systemic self-reflexivity that emerges from a shared interest in the terms of the conversation itself—critique as a creative technique. Since 2009, the Department of Arts Administration and Policy at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago has integrated critique. Feedback from the first generations of students is assessed in this article.


The present study entitled "community diagnosis of MOTUPE high neighborhood health SECTOR III and IV, September-December 2013", is framed in the proposal of the model of attention INTEGRAL of family health, community and INTERCULTURAL, and seeks to contribute to the social development of the town, providing with statistical data; the same allowing the basic health of the University Hospital of Motupe teams, to develop strategies for maintaining and improving the health of individuals, families and communities, from a biopsychosocial approach, multidisciplinary and intercultural.

The study was descriptive, places emphasis on the analysis and interpretation of the facts and its methodology was supported with strategies established on the model of comprehensive health care, such as: looking for home visits to apply the family tab, and interview guide that allowed complete information to the baseline, where priority issues and gaps in public health were identified to make technical and political decisions appropriate to the local context optimize institutional responses and encourage community participation in the improvement of health conditions. (Guerrero and Slimming, 2009:4).

After presenting the results are evidence of a close relationship between the social and cultural conditions of the community, with the presence of certain diseases that correspond with the social determinants of health in the population status.
The most relevant data include indicators such as prevalence of female gender, education level, the / as heads of households are engaged in activities such as: domestic doings, agriculture, masonry, in school and teens appreciate cases of malnutrition and overweight and most of them study, in women of childbearing age for family planning, the rhythm method is most often usedin the epidemiological profile stand out chronic diseases such as hypertension.
Key words: Community health, epidemiological profile diagnosis.


For as long as there have been industrial disputes, the question has arisen as to whether trade unions and employees are liable for the damage incurred and, if so, on what grounds and under what conditions they can be held liable by the employer. This volume focuses on the development of the assessment of industrial disputes under liability law. The study begins at the start of the 20th century and continues up to the present. The period of National Socialism is not included. Although the entire period was governed by the German Civil Code (BGB), there were far-reaching changes in the principles of liability law for industrial disputes, which are elaborated in this volumes.


This paper presents an optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Unit model considering measurement redundancy using real coded genetic algorithm(RCGA) for state estimation. This model ensures complete observability of power system for normal conditions as well as contingencies considering Zero injection measurements. Single PMU outages and single branch outages are the contingencies considered in this paper. The optimum solution is obtained by considering objectives such as minimum number of PMU and maximum redundancy. The New England 39, IEEE 57, IEEE118 and practical networks of Indian Grid such as Western regional Indian Power Grid and Northern regional Indian Power Grid are considered for the optimal placement of PMU and it provides verification of globally optimum solution of the proposed model.


A novel three-way microstrip line power divider structure using branch directional coupler is presented. The power divider is formed by two symmetrically placed branch directional couplers. The transmission characteristics of the power divider have been modeled and analyzed by using even/odd modes excitation method as well as transmission line theory. This paper also gives the design method on how to calculate the main parameters of the novel power divider. The experimental results show that this divider has excellent matching at each port and good isolation between the output ports. In addition, the structure of the divider is simple and compact and makes it easily integrated into microwave circuit system and antenna array feed system.


This paper addresses the problem of modelling and control synthesis for a class of electromechanical systems, which can be accurately decomposed into lumped constant parameters. The control design methodology presented in our former publications is based on a "natural" representation of the process and on two complementary inversion principles leading to a state control structure. This paper generalizes the concept of inversion and proposes a systematic method of control synthesis for the electromechanical processes, starting from a model based on the concept of localized energies and described by the Causal Ordering Graph (COG). We demonstrate that some control solutions, conventional or particular, can be expressed theoretically. The main interest is the systematic deductive aspect of the methodology, aiming at a faithful copy of the desired trajectories.


Background: Implementing interdisciplinary simulation experiences (ISE) into the curriculum of healthcare students often increases one9s exposure to real-life scenarios while allowing educators the opportunity to utilize experiential learning strategies. These experiences also increase the quality and continuity of care and allow students the opportunity to develop teamwork, leadership, and communication skills. The purpose of this study was to measure the potential gain in these three skills through the use of ISE by assessing student perceptions and outcomes. Methods: Following IRB approval, 104 health science students from the respiratory care, nursing, and radiology programs at Midwestern State University were divided into two equal groups, the control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG). Within the study, the CG completed a pre and post survey but was not exposed to the ISE. The EG completed the pre-survey, took part in the ISE, and completed the post-survey. Both surveys were conducted to measure the students' understanding of leadership, teamwork, and communication skills while determining if any significant differences were found after the exposure to the ISE. The results from the EG and the CG were evaluated to establish any significant differences between the two groups of students. Results: Based on pre-survey data obtained through independent samples t-tests, students from the EG and the CG had similar existing knowledge of all three skills: (leadership) EG (M = 4.65) and CG (M = 4.69), (t [102] = 0.31, P > .05); (teamwork) EG (M = 4.48) and CG (M = 4.48), (t [102] = 0, P > .05); (communication) EG (M = 4.88) and CG (M = 4.87), (t [102] = 0.29, P > .05). According to post-survey data, students that participated in the ISE had a better understanding of leadership, teamwork, and communication than those students that did not participate: (leadership) EG (M = 4.87) and CG (M = 4.65), (t [102] = 2.14, P


A Semi‐Analytical Finite Element (SAFE) method is developed to model accurately the propagation velocity and leakage of guided waves along an immersed waveguide with arbitrary non‐circular cross‐section. Thus an accurate inverse model is provided to measure the density of the fluid by measuring the change of the torsional wave speed. Experimental results obtained with a rectangular bar in a range of fluids show good agreement with the theoretical predictions.


Paclitaxel (Taxol®) is a potent anticancer agent, but the widespread pharmaceutical use of paclitaxel is hampered by its limited availability due to low accumulation levels in the native yew (Taxus spp.) plants. Currently, hairy root culture is an emerging biotechnological tool that presents several advantages such as reduced costs and higher specialized metabolite production, therefore, its application to paclitaxel production can be of commercial and medicinal interest. The objective of present study was to induce hairy root in Taxus baccata L. by transformation with the wild type Rhizobium rhizogenes A4 strain. Thus, T. baccata was inoculated by three different inoculation methods: (a) ex vitro seedlings inoculation by direct injection of a liquid bacterial culture; (b) ex vitro needles inoculation by liquid co-culturing with bacteria; (c) ex vitro shoots inoculation by dipping liquid bacterial culture. Hairy roots were formed only from ex vitro seedlings inoculated by the direct inoculation method, with transformation efficiency of 14.3%. Formation of hairy roots was observed two months after inoculation. This project forms the basis for the establishment of hairy root cultures from T. baccata for the production of paclitaxel.