The kinetics of the helix‐coil transition have been studied by performing UV‐monitored melting and reannealing curves of DNA and analyzing the resultant hysteresis between these curves. The analysis assumes a single‐step bimolecular transition with duplex formation defined as the forward reaction. Volume parameters of the helix‐coil transition were obtained by measuring the pressure dependence of the rate constants from 5–200 MPa. The data were interpreted in terms of several possible nearest‐neighbor models, ranging from one to eleven parameters. Twenty‐four oligonucleotide duplexes 22 base pairs in length were used to solve for individual nearest‐neighbor activation volumes and transition volumes. Statistically, the most valid fit of the volumetric data was obtained with a six‐parameter model in which the directionality of the dinucleotide steps is not considered, for example, 5′AG/CT is the same as 5′GA/TC. The resultant transition volumes at 48°C ranged from −7.1 ± 0.8 mL/mol (GC/CG) to +2.9 ± 0.3 mL/mol (AA/TT). The success of the six‐parameter model suggests that the relative size of the nearest‐neighbor dinucleotides is the most important factor determining the magnitude of the volumetric parameters. The finding that the magnitude of the volumetric parameters correlates with the change in the solvent accessible surface area of the bases during the helix‐coil transition corroborates this hypothesis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 73: 242–257, 2004


Despite substantial advances in the use of direct space approaches for structure determination of inorganic and organic crystal structures, some problems remain essentially intractable. For example, very few molecular structure solutions with three molecules in the asymmetric unit or with greater than fifteen fully flexible torsion angles have been reported. Indeed, these levels of complexity represent the current limits of applicability of the technique. Here, three new directions that should increase the scope of structure determination from powder diffraction data are discussed. Firstly, the use of a maximum-likelihood analysis to permit structure determination in the case of incomplete molecular descriptions. Secondly, the incorporation of prior chemical information to reduce the extent (or dimensionality) of the torsion angle search space and finally, the use of global optimisation methods other than the widely investigated simulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithm techniques.


This paper considers a joint frequency and space resources allocation in an OFDMA cellular system with base stations (BSs) cooperation. The problem is formulated as a weighted sum rate maximization subject to per-antenna power constraint, using block-diagonalization (BD) for cooperative precoding. An efficient solution based on Lagrangian dual decomposition is proposed. Compared with the optimal solution obtained from exhaustive search, the computational complexity is reduced from one increasing exponentially with the number of subcarriers M to one increasing linearly with M. Simulation results show that the proposed solution approaches the upper bound of the optimal value within a negligible gap and outperforms the heuristic solutions based on serial allocation (i.e., allocating the frequency and space resources serially).


Introduction and objectives A better understanding of differences in asthma prevalence between regions will inform disease management and treatment. To examine regional variations in prevalence of severe asthma and severe, uncontrolled asthma, we analyzed pharmacy records from the United Kingdom. Methods Data for 4,356,990 patients who received treatment for fixed airflow obstruction during 2018 were extracted from IQVIA's longitudinal database of UK pharmacy records, which included data for 61% of all UK patients from 46% of pharmacies. Indications for prescriptions were not available. Therefore, patients aged <35 years were classified as having asthma by default. Those aged ≥35 years were classified based on predominant monthly therapy consistent with asthma treatment. Patients were excluded if age was unknown, or they may have had intermittent asthma (≤3 prescriptions during 2018). Patients who received a daily average ≥80% of high-dosage inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy during the year were considered to have had severe asthma. Severe asthma was considered uncontrolled if patients also received ≥1 oral corticosteroid prescription. Results We identified >3 million patients with asthma. Severe asthma prevalence was approximately 25% overall and was greatest in the southwest and east of England and in parts of Wales (figure). Prevalence of severe asthma was comparatively less for greater London and other metropolitan areas. Prevalence of severe, uncontrolled asthma was greatest for Northern Ireland. Pharmacy migration, nonadherence to medication, and inability to link patients across pharmacies may have resulted in the underestimation of prescriptions, particularly in urban areas where populations are more likely to be transient. However, a sensitivity analysis that included only patients with 100% ICS coverage (adherent and nontransient) did not reveal any large differences in relative prevalences from the primary analysis. Conclusions Regional patterns of severe asthma and severe, uncontrolled asthma were notably different. For some regions, relatively high prevalence might be explained by small patient numbers. Patients may have received high ICS dosages rather than biologic therapies, based on local access restrictions. Despite data limitations, this first heat map analysis of unmet needs for UK patients with severe asthma provides important tools for the discussion on improving severe asthma care.Abstract P144 Figure 1


Notice that in the diamond (i.e., one of the two 5-element nondistributive lattice) the intersection of the (three) maximal elements is not irredundant, and a lattice is not distributive if it contains a diamond. Hence, connections between the distributivity of a lattice and the irredundancy of the intersection of its family of maximal elements seem plausible. In this paper, the authors prove that, under natural hypothesis, distributivity is equivalent with certain conditions on maximal elements. Applications to the distributivity of the lattice of all ideals of a semiprimitive ring with identity are given.


Industrial monitoring and control systems for the background,based on the CAN bus power system parameters for the design of monitoring and control system on hardware and software design,pointing out its Application.


[Objective] To explore the roles of iNOS in hepatic injury with obstructive jaundice and the cytoprotecting mechanism of Fructose.[Methods] Rat hepatocytes were isolated by in situ collagenase perfusion and primary culture.(1)Heptocytes were pretreated with various concentrations of iNOS inhibitor SMT for 20 min.After pretretment,50 μmol/L GCDC was added for an additional 24 h.Cells were next detected by FCM and TUNEL.(2)After hepatocytes were added with different concentration of Fructose and 100 μM GCDC,cells were evaluated by FCM and TUNEL.(3)Experimental obstructive jaundice(OJ)was induced by double ligation of the bile duct.OJ for 3,7,14,21 days with Fructose and without Fructose.We detected apoptotic status in livers of alle rats with TUNEL and iNOS protein in liver of OJ with immunohistochemistry method.[Results](1)SMT increased GCDC-induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner.(2)Adding with different concentration of Fructose and 100 μM GCDC,the apoptotic rate was decreased and was related to concentration with Fructose.(3)The apoptotic rate of liver is related to times of OJ.Expression of iNOS and apoptosis index(AI)were highest from 14-day bile duct ligation without Fructose.AI and expression of iNOS were decreasing from 14-day bile duct ligation with Fructose.[Conclusions] Fructose is cytoprotective during bile salt-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by regulating iNOS.iNOS takes part in the regulation and the occurrence and progression of hepatic injury in OJ.


The invention discloses an Ag-loaded C-doped TiO2 nano-particle visible-light-driven photocatalyst. Glucose as a carbon source is modified by nonmetal C so that C-doped TiO2 nano-particles are prepared, silver nitrate as a silver source and the C-doped TiO2 catalyst as a carrier material are treated under the action of simulated solar irradiation for nanometer titanium dioxide excitation so that photo electrons and cavities are produced, Ag ions are reduced into metal Ag by the photo electrons and the C-TiO2/Ag composite photocatalyst is prepared. Through Ag carrying, a separation rate of TiO2 photo electrons and cavities is improved, a nonmetal C use-caused electron-cavity recombination rate is reduced, oxidation and reduction effects are good and photocatalytic activity is improved.


COVID-19 was announced pandemic by March 2020 Due to the high prevalence of the disease and its staggering spread, it is very important to identify various manifestations of this viral infection The aim of this study is to review published articles about cutaneous involvement of COVID-19 disease Cutaneous manifestations are rare in COVID-19 disease and it is essential to recognize these possible skin manifestations in order to detect and treat COVID-19 disease and to prevent further transmission


In this paper the present situation of the development of heat pipe heat exchanger has been briefly introduced. At present, the heat pipe heat exchanger is widely applieated due to its low investment, good heat exchange performance, and the equipment volume is small. In this paper the characteristic performance of several kinds of heat pipe heat exchanger were introduced mainly. Which includs, standard heat pipe, gravity heat pipe, pvavity auxilliary heat pipe and spinning heat pipe. And the feature of the perforformance of these heat pipe exchangers have also analyzed. By using heat pipe heat exchanger, not only the supply and demand problem on energy in our country can be solved, but also can bring more economic profits.


The invention relates to an old pipeline repairing process. The old pipeline repairing process comprises the steps of: first, soaking a barrel composite sandwich felt in UV resin to form a hose, and sticking an inner film and an outer film respectively on the inner and outer surfaces of the composite sandwich felt; then, dragging the hose into the oil pipeline with cleaned inner wall; placing a UV (ultraviolet) lamp in an end socket at one end of the hose, and connecting a traction rope and a power supply; and second, sealing both ends of the hose by the end socket, and pulling the UV lamp to move slowly to irradiate the hose by the traction rope to cure the hose. The hose provided by the invention is made of composite sandwich felt soaked in the UV resin, the curing time of the hose can be controlled, and the hose can be manufactured in a workshop, so that the construction time in a construction site is shortened, the curing time and speed of the UV resin can be effectively controlled, the success rate is improved, and the liner repairing quality is ensured.


An asymmetric synthetic route toward a new class of structural mimics of the sulphidoleukotrienes has been developed. The key steps in the overall synthetic sequence include Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation followed by stereo- and regioselective opening of the epoxide ring.


By using coincidence degree theory,we study the sufficient condition for the existence of periodic solution for First-order Functional Differential Equationx'(t)=f(t,x(t),x_t)and improve the known result of the related literature in this paper.


Whistleblowing is when an employee discloses information about a fraud to his or her employer, a recognised regulator or (in some cases) the media. This information will be about some danger, or illegal practice, generally at the company they are employed by.


Statistics on the relative energy content of the wind from Denmark, based on energy production of wind turbines, shows for the resent 15 years a drastic decrease of about 20%. To get a longer perspective of the relative energy content of the wind, the geostrophic wind have been calculated from 1900 to 2000 for 8 regions in Scandinavia, including Denmark. The results show that there is a spatial variation as well as a temporal variation in the relative energy content of the wind. As a mean for Scandinavia no long- term trend in the relative energy content of the wind could be found. A variation of ±10% in the relative energy content of the wind is to be considered normal, and between individual years a variation up to 30% in not unusual.


After our entry into the computerized and network times,college librarians should make some changes in their ideas, knowledge and abilities to fulfil the new requirement. This article has discussed how to train the librarians to adjust them selves to the new environment so that they can provide better services for teaching.


Many medical specialties have found publication misrepresentation in residency and fellowship applications, but pediatric anesthesia fellowship application data is lacking.


Objective of the study – to compare, in real clinical practice, according to the data of the Russian Psoriatic Arthritis Registry, characteristics of two groups of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients: with and without nail psoriasis.Material and methods. 588 PsA patients (277 males and 311 females) with PsA according to CASPAR criteria were included in the Russian Psoriatic Arthritis Registry. Patients' age was 48.6±0.5 years, disease duration – 7.0±0.3 years. Patients underwent standard clinical examination of PsA activity. Disease activity measures evaluated in this study included DAPSA (Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis), BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index) and ASDAS-СRP (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score). Enthesitis was measured using LEI (Leeds Enthesitis Index) index. Dactylitis was detected, the number of digits with acute dactylitis was defined. Skin lesion severity was evaluated in terms of BSA (Body Surface Area) affected, and PASI (Psoriasis Area Severity Index); PASI was calculated in case BSA > 3%. The criteria of minimal disease activity (MDA) had been used to assess the treatment efficiency. MDA was achieved if a patient met ≥5 of the 7 following categories: tender joint count (TJC) ≤1, swollen joint count (SJC) ≤1, PASI≤1 or BSA≤3%, patient pain VAS ≤15, patient global activity (PGA) VAS ≤20, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ) ≤0.5, and tender entheseal points ≤1. Patients were split into two groups: those with nail psoriasis (group 1), and those without nail psoriasis (group 2).Results. 312 (53.1%) patients had nail psoriasis and 276 (46.9%) did not. Patients' age in group 1 was 45.7±11.9 years, in group 2 – 48.8±13.2 years (р>0.05). PsA duration in groups 1 and 2 did not differ, it was 7.1±6.6 and 7.0±6.2 years respectively (р>0.05). Higher proportions of patients with nail psoriasis were male, disabled from working and chronic smokers compared to patients without nail psoriasis: 51.9% vs 44.1% (р=0.013), 37.20% vs 26.40% (р<0.01) and 18.9% vs 8.7% (р<0.01) respectively. Patients with nail psoriasis had more severe erosive peripheral arthritis compared to patients without nail psoriasis. Median TJC was 8 [4–15] vs 5 [2–12] (р=0.002), SJC – 5 [1–9] vs 2 [0–7] (р=0.003), and erosive radiographic arthritis of feet was found in 45.0% vs 31.2% of patients (р=0.003) respectively. Group 1 patients had higher disease activity measured by DAPSA – 25 [15–39] vs 20 [12–33] (p=0.001) and ASDAS-CRP – 3.1 [2.2–4.0] vs 2.8 [1.8–3.5] (р=0.004), compared to group 2 patients. Patients with nail psoriasis had higher frequency of heel enthesitis and dactylitis; axial disease was diagnosed more often among them, compared to patients without nail psoriasis. Heel enthesitis was detected in 53 (17.0%) vs 28 (10.1%; р=0.016), dactylitis – in 76 (24.4%) vs 46 (16.7%; р=0.022), spondylitis – in 109 (35.0%) vs 73 (26.4%; р=0.025) patients respectively. Patients in group 1 had worse skin psoriasis than in group 2. Patients with nail psoriasis significantly more often had moderate and severe skin psoriasis according to BSA, compared to patients without nail psoriasis (39.9% vs 26.1% and 14.8 vs 1.1% respectively; р<0.01 for both comparisons); group 2 patients significantly more often had limited skin psoriasis compared to group 1 patients – in 72.8% vs 45.3% of cases respectively (р<0.01). Median PASI index in groups 1 and 2 was 6 [2–14] vs 3 [1–6] respectively (р<0.01). Group 1 patients gave worse assessment of their disease than group 2 patients; median PGA was 50 [40–70] mm vs 50 [30–65] mm VAS respectively (р=0.044). Less patients with nail psoriasis compared to patients without nail psoriasis had achieved MDA throughout the whole study. At the first visit MDA was detected in 3% vs 9% (р=0.006) of patients, at the second – in 12% vs 27% (р<0.001), at the third – in 14% vs 28% (р=0.011), at the fourth – in 17% vs 38% (р<0.001) and at the fifth in 27% vs 52% (р=0.004) of patients respectively. Patients with and without nail psoriasis were given equivalent therapy with diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biological agents (bDMARDs). DMARDs were given to 78.2% and 80.1% of patients respectively (р>0.05), it was mostly methotrexate (MTX); MTX was used in 66.0% and 64.1% of cases respectively (р>0.05). bDMARDs were prescribed to 22.1% and 28.3% (р>0.05) of patients, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors – in 67% and 63% of cases, interleukin (IL) inhibitors – in 33% and 37% of cases (р>0.05 for both comparisons). Taking into account the similar disease duration and equivalent therapy in both groups, it could be concluded that patients with nail psoriasis achieved MDA less frequently due to greater disease severity.Conclusion. Nail involvement is identified in more than half (53%) of PsA patients of the Russian Psoriatic Arthritis Registry. Nail psoriasis is associated with significantly worse disease status as measured by severe peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, spondylitis and skin lesions; higher frequency of erosive arthritis was detected in this category of patients. Patients with nail psoriasis had achieved MDA less frequently compared to patients without nail psoriasis. Nail involvement is associated with worse response to therapy and patients' disability. These data emphasize the importance of accurate diagnostics of nail psoriasis and optimization of treatment approach, including "targeted" therapy.


Adsorption process has widely applied in many industries to remove the heavy metals because it is more economical, environmental friendly and efficient in removing heavy metals and other pollutants. Adsorption process usually used powdered adsorbents to adsorb the heavy metals. On the other hand, membrane technology is usually applied for filtration process. Therefore, this project was carried out to create the hybrid membrane that can do both filtration and adsorption process. The aim of this work was to study the adsorption isotherm for heavy metal removal by using membrane with activated carbon. The adsorption process was verified by using isotherm models which are Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich models. The membrane was prepared from polysulfone (PSU), N-methyl-2-pyrolidone (NMP), polyethyleneimine (PEI), silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) and activated carbon (AC). The membrane was fabricated by using phase inversion technique by applying immersion precipitation method. The membrane that has been produced was undergo Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for characterization. For adsorption process, the membrane was put into synthetic waste water solution which is lead (II) with known concentration for 24 hours before undergo Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) analysis. The results were represented by using graph that have been plotted based on the equations of each isotherm model. The results showed that Freundlich was the best model to verify the adsorption of lead (II) onto membrane with activated carbon as it gives the highest R 2 value which is 0.9893.


Abstract The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of a racemic form of a nicotine derivative, 5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-ynyl)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine (2), provides structural information on molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions that could be relevant for the transport and docking of nicotine ligands to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), since it is the first crystal structure of a free neutral form of a nicotine derivative. Each enantiomer of the two independent molecules of the asymmetric unit is characterized by (i) an anti orientation of the N2 methyl substituent with respect to the pyridine ring (ii) an envelope form of the pyrrolidine ring (iii) an orientation roughly perpendicular of the pyridine and pyrrolidine rings. The crystal packing is characterized by the formation of OH...N1 hydrogen-bond cyclic dimers that are packed through van der Waals interactions. This selectivity of hydrogen-bonding site in favor of the N1 pyridine nitrogen found in the solid state for (2) agrees with the greater hydrogen-bond acceptor strength of the N1 pyridine nitrogen compared to the N2 pyrrolidine one previously found in solution for nicotine (1).


We report on optical spectroscopy of the eclipsing Halo LMXB 2S0921– 630/V395 Car, that reveals the absorption line radial velocity curve of the K0iii secondary star with a semi-amplitude K2=92.89± 3.84 km s −1 , a systemic velocity γ=34.9±3.3 km sand an orbital period Porb of 9.0035±0.0029 day (1-σ). Given the quality of the data we find no evidence for the effects of X-ray irradiation. Using the previously determined rotational broadening of the mass donor, and applying conservative limits on the orbital inclination, we constrain the compact object mass to be 2.0–4.3 M⊙(1-σ), ruling out a canonical neutron star at the 99% level. Since the nature of the compact object is unclear, this mass range implies that the compact object is either a low-mass black hole with a mass slightly higher than the maximum neutron star mass (2.9 M⊙) or a massive neutron star. If the compact object in 2S 0921–630/V395 Car is a black hole, it confirms the prediction of the existence of low-mass black holes, while if the object is a massive neutron star its high mass severely constrains the equation of state of nuclear matter. Subject headings: accretion: accretion discs – binaries: close stars: individual (2S 0921–630/V395Car) Instituto de Astrof́ısica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. tsh, firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, England. firstname.lastname@example.com School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. pac, email@example.com McDonald Observatory and Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1400, Austin, Texas 78712, USA. firstname.lastname@example.com Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-67, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. email@example.com


Using computer simulation, we showed a possibility of simultaneous existence of S-type and N-type hysteresis loops at femtosecond pulse interaction with a semiconductor.


Natural cementation may significantly affect geotechnical properties of soils under low confining pressure. The goal of this study is to evaluate the stiffness characteristics of cemented particulate media according to the depth. Piezo disk elements are installed along the cemented specimen cell to monitor ultrasonic waves during the cementation process. The ultrasonic wave velocities show different values according to the depth and the change of velocities can be classified by three separated stages. The ultrasonic wave velocity is influenced by cementation, effective stress, and coordinate number. This study also shows that cementation by salt is affected by the depth on the granular media.


Have conducted the research to the honeyed milk liquor fermentation ingredient allocated proportion and the fermentation condition,thus have determined the best honeyed milk liquor fermentation process for Mi Quzhi content 12%,milk content 88%,turns on the lactic acid fungus and the saccharomycetes proportion 1:1,the vaccination saccharomycetes time forturns on lactic acid fungus latter 36 h,the fermentation temperature is 30 ℃,the fermentation time is the 6~9 days. Also may use the ethyl acetate underthis condition,the sour odor medicinal preparation and so on,each kind of spice matter blends the different taste the honeyed milk liquor.


The Miniscript (Kahler & Capers, 1974) has proven to be a valuable tool in the analysis and treatment of individual stress and interpersonal relationships. This article provides the reader with a d...


Significance: Reported is the synthesis of 2-aminothiophenes 5 through a one-pot Michael– Gewald reaction using morpholine–trifluoroacetic acid salt (morph·TFA) as the catalyst. Thus, the Michael addition of indoles 1 to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds 2 gave 3, which, upon Knoevenagel condensation with the activated nitriles 4 followed by a reaction with elemental sulfur, afforded 5. Both EDGs and EWGs on 1 underwent the desired transformation but EWGs required a longer reaction time. 1 (R1 = 1-Me) did not give the corresponding product. The reaction was slower and the yield of product was reduced (12%) for 2 (R2 = Ph). The synthesized compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity in several cancer cell lines. Comment: Highly substituted thiophenes are found in numerous biologically active and natural compounds. They have application in dye chemistry, drug synthesis, biodiagnostics, electronic devices, sensors, and self-assembled superstructures (see Review below). The present reaction combines the high C3 electrophilic reactivity of indole with the classical Gewald synthesis of thiophenes to afford molecules with a bisheterocyclic framework rapidly.


The thermal expansion is investigated for a 60 mol% para-hydroxybenzoic acid/40 mol% ethylene terephthalate liquid crystalline copolyester oriented in a magnetic field (6T). The high-temperature expansion coefficient of the oriented samples shows an anisotropy; it is negative (shrink) to the orientation direction, while it is positive (expand) to the direction perpendicular to the orientation. The X-ray diffraction measurement indicates that the positive expansion coefficient is attributed to the increase in the mean spacing of the oriented chains.


Since the development of spectral imaging systems where we transitioned from panchromatic, single band images to multiple bands, we have pursued a way to evaluate the quality of spectral images. As spectral imaging capabilities improved and the bands collected wavelengths outside of the visible spectrum they could be used to gain information about the earth such as material identification that would have been a challenge with panchromatic images. We now have imaging systems capable of collecting images with hundreds of contiguous bands across the reflective portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that allows us to extract information at subpixel levels. Prediction and assessment methods for panchromatic image quality, while well-established are continuing to be improved. For spectral images however, methods for analyzing quality and what this entails have yet to form a solid framework. In this research, we built on previous work to develop a process to optimize the design of spectral imaging systems. We used methods for predicting quality of spectral images and extended the existing framework for analyzing efficacy of miniature systems. We comprehensively analyzed utility of spectral images and efficacy of compact systems for a set of application scenarios designed to test the relationships of system parameters, figures of merit, and mission requirements in the trade space


The objective of our study is to test whether seismic velocities of rock depend on time and temperature index (TTI). This study is motivated by the observations that overpressure and reservoir qualities depend on temperature and time in many sedimentary basins. TTI, an important thermal maturity indicator, is directly linked with oil and gas generation and combines the effects of temperature and time. However, there is no existing model (theoretical, empirical, and numerical) to predict TTI from observed seismic velocities. Our study identifies an empirical-numerical relation between TTI and seismic velocities. In order to obtain this relation, we perform petroleum system modeling at a well location. The well is located in deep-water petroleum system at Rio Muni Basin, West Africa. The essential petroleum system elements and TOC are identified based on petrophysical and rock-physics analysis. The TTIs obtained from finite-element modeling of petroleum system are then compared with velocities measured at the same well location. We find that both Vp and Vs increase exponentially with TTI. The results can be applied to predict TTI, and thereby thermal maturity, from observed seismic velocities.


Final goal of this study is to theoretically describe effects of influencing factors on the performance of the coke bed filter as a material classifier and to predict its optimal operating condition. In this paper, the author focuses on the basic investigation on collection mechanism of a fixed coke bed filter on the basis of the depth filtration theory, in which an influence of dust load on the dust collection efficiency.


In 2018 the Department of Agricultural, Leadership, and Community Education (ALCE) celebrated one hundred years of agricultural education at Virginia Tech. The initial mission of the department, founded in 1918 as the Department of Agricultural Education and Animal Science, was to educate agricultural teachers to work in secondary education in rural communities. This mission has evolved and expanded over the decades to include preparation of Extension professionals while developing new programs designed to meet the ever-changing needs of rural and urban communities alike. The interviews presented in this volume tell this story through the unique perspectives of fourteen former and present students, faculty, and administrators. Taken together, these interviews bring the department's history to life while also using the past as a springboard into a future that undoubtedly will be characterized by continued change grounded in ALCE's ongoing commitment to excellence. The MARC records for VT Publishing books can be downloaded here .


The Process-oriented approach has become very popular for reforming English writing teaching in recent years.The changes in ways of English writing teaching call for changes in the traditional summative assessment.Based on the English writing practice,this paper briefly discusses the specific application of performance assessment in the process-oriented approach to English writing teaching.It points out that the performance assessment used for a process-oriented approach to English writing teaching can greatly improve students' English writing abilities.


Island-size distributions of submonolayer Ag films on Pd(111) adsorbed at 90 K and after annealing of the film are recovered from two-photon photoemission spectra of the first image state. The inversion of the ill-conditioned problem with the maximum-entropy method reveals magic numbers in the island-size distributions. Hypothesis testing within the framework of Bayesian probability theory indicates a critical nucleus size i=1. After annealing of the film large islands coexist with small clusters in a two-phase state.


Green scientific and technological achievements are an important pillar for economic and social development. However, when green scientific and technological achievements enter the downstream market, it is difficult to eliminate the intermediary obstacles caused by the interface innovation ability of the construction project. Based on this, this paper is based on the resource dependence theory, puts forward a governance mechanism to make up for the lack of innovative capacity of the engineering designer's interface, and puts forward the division of responsibilities and Countermeasures for the innovation responsibility of the building projects in different modes.


In the course of the construction work and subsequent excavation in the historic part of Istanbul at Yenikapi in connection with the Marmaray Rail project linking the city's European and Asian parts with a tunnel under the Bosporus, numerous animal skeletons have been unearthed. This study is an overview of the preliminary examination results. Since project initiation in 2004 a great number of archaeological finds have been made, including animal remains scattered over the entire excavation area. Radiocarbon dating ( 14 C) of the 54 animal species identified puts their age range from Early Byzantium (4 th -7 th century AD) to Late Byzantium (15 th century AD). The most abundant skeletons were those of horses (Equus caballus L.).


Women's leadership in the political arena reaps controversy in Islam. This is due to the authentic hadith which states that a people will not be lucky if they are led by women. For conservative scholars, they will understand the hadith as it is (textual). However, moderate scholars will understand it from a contextual perspective. The Islamic religion is guided by the Qur'an and hadith, therefore, it would be unfair if you only take pictures from the side of the hadith and ignore the al-Qur'an. This article will discuss women's leadership from the perspective of the Al-Qur'an, hadith, women's biology and the sociology of the Indonesian nation. The conclusion of this article is that the Al-Qur'an legitimizes women's leadership through the story of the queen of Saba' (Bilqis). The hadith about women's leadership can be understood as the Prophet's 'comment' on the change of leadership in Persia and has a local-temporal content. Women have biological weaknesses during menstruation and pregnancy, physical weaknesses compared to men, psychological and emotional weaknesses. Meanwhile, the Indonesian nation actually adheres to patriarchy. So, political contestation is wide open to anyone, regardless of gender. Whoever is the best, he has the right to be a leader.


Two years ago, former New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark expressed growing concern for the stability and prosperity of her Pacific neighbors. "The South Pacific in the twenty-first century is not quite how Rodgers and Hammerstein portrayed it in the 1958 film," Clark said. (Clark) Despite pristine white-sand beaches, hypnotic blue lagoons, and warm tropical breezes, the island nations of the South Pacific face serious, and seriously debilitating, challenges. The dangers are both internal and external and span a range of geographic, cultural, economic, political, environmental, and global issues. Fragile physical environments, limited natural resources, rapid population growth, high unemployment rates, low primary school enrollment, deep-seated ethnic tension, violent military coups, inadequate health care services, deteriorating financial systems, corrupt public officials, and dysfunctional law and justice systems are a glimpse of the Pacific reality. In addition to these domestic disabilities, failing Pacific Island states struggle to cope with transnational concerns such as human and drug trafficking, refugees, identity fraud, money laundering, infectious diseases, and environmental degradation, while threats of international terrorism and nuclear proliferation further jeopardize the peace and security of the Pacific region. New Zealand cannot afford to overlook the problems facing its neighboring Pacific islands. New Zealand itself risks facing domestic instability if the diverse challenges of failing Pacific Island states are not addressed. "The Pacific is at risk of falling victim to all the wasted potential and social and economic chaos that poverty brings. Unless we want these problems eventually to become our own, New Zealand, as a strong and prosperous neighbour, must try to prevent this happening," says Winston Peters, former New Zealand Minister of Foreign Affairs. FINANCING A REVOLUTION: NEW ZEALAND'S STRATEGY TO ELIMINATE POVERTY IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC Katherine A. Ginda


The mechanism of the oxidation of 2-mercapto-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole (McMT) to its disulfide dimer and its subsequent reduction has been examined with a combined approach employing experimental data and digital simulation. In order to elucidate the influence of proton transfers on these redox processes, special attention has been paid to the influence of various bases, including triethylamine, pyridine, 3-chloropyridine, lutidine and 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine, and proton donors, including methanesulfonic acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, on both the oxidation and reduction reactions. On the basis of detailed comparisons of the experimental data with simulations of several mechanistic models, it is found that proton transfer pathways have a pronounced influence on both the oxidative and reductive pathways. In particular, McMT oxidation is facilitated by a rapid bimolecular proton transfer from McMT to weak bases such as Py that produces McMT-, the thiolate form, which is then oxidized. There is no...


Defensins are effector molecules of the innate immunity with a broad antimicrobial spectrum, including HIV. They also link innate and adaptive immunity, displaying chemotactic activity for monocytes, T cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). α‐Defensins 1–3 are mainly produced by neutrophils, but their production by other leukocyte subsets has also been reported. Herein, we studied whether monocyte‐derived DCs (MDDCs), which are regarded as a model for myeloid DCs, produce α‐defensins 1–3. We found that immature MDDCs (imMDDCs) produce α‐defensins 1–3 mRNA, but this production is undetectable or barely detectable following 48 h of maturation with the proinflammatory cytokine cocktail (IL‐1β+IL‐6+TNF‐α) or LPS. It is surprising that α‐defensins 1–3 production was up‐regulated when exposed to each one of the proinflammatory cytokines alone, especially IL‐1β. α‐Defensins 1–3 produced by imMDDCs were mainly secreted peptides. Production and secretion of α‐defensins 1–3 by imMDDCs can have biological relevance for the antigen processing of pathogens and can contribute to understanding differences in susceptibility to infections, an issue of special interest in the field of HIV infection.


Salford, an urban industrial community that dates from the early nineteenth century, has been used as the population base for extensive epidemiological studies of psychiatric disorder. Population fall, differential migration, and massive redevelopment have had a measurable effect in recorded rates for schizophrenia, but the likely adverse consequences in terms of less severe disorders cannot yet be estimated. Psychiatry may contribute to social planning through an emphasis on the value of continuity and preservation of social networks.


This study aims to agihan the landslide hazard of Jenelata watershed, Jeneberang Sub-watershed, Gowa Regency. This type of research is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. Using the land unit analysis results of the overlay of two maps, namely the slope map, land shape, soil type and land use, so that 41 units of land were obtained. The sampling technique used in this study is based on land units. Sampling was carried out in nine land units which were the result of overlays from the land slope map and soil type map. The results showed that the Jenelata watershed sub-Jeneberang watershed Guat Kabuaten is a moderate level of vulnerability that is divided in each village, in part in pattallikang village, partly in Bontomanai village, part in mangempang village, part in tassese village, part in Jenebatu village sicini village, partly in parang lompoa village, partly in sapaya village, and paladingang. The level of landslide hazard of Das Jenelata Sub-Jeneberang sub-watershed is dominated by moderate danger level with a total score of 2.34 - 3.67. Jenelata Watershed Sub Das Jeneberang Gowa Kabuaten for its longitudinal vulnerability level is divided into two areas, namely low and medium areas.


Over the last decade Brazilian government has considerably increased the investment in Research and Development (R&D) and especially in computer science research. Although investments have increased, they are not enough to fulfill the computational needs for all Brazilian researchers since there are many universities and research centers that are not able to acquire a cluster. Cloud computing can play an important role in providing an adequate infrastructure for researchers to do their research and produce valuable results, empowering Brazil in the scientific arena. This paper presents a brief evaluation on how cloud computing can improve Brazilian research by providing an adequate computational infrastructure for researchers.


The communication is one of the key techniques in the power control system. The design and the realization of the communication subsystem is introduced in detail, A simple and useful way is proposed according to practice. The testing results show that the design is successful.


In this paper, we investigate the short-range repulsion given by the quark cluster model employing an inverse scattering problem. We find that the local potential which reproduces the same phase shifts to those given by the quark cluster model has a strong repulsion at short distances in the NN1s0 channel. There, however, appears an attractive pocket at very short distances due to a rather weak repulsive behavior at very high energy region. This repulsion-attractive-pocket structure becomes more manifest in the channel which has an almost forbidden state, SigmaN(T=3/2)3s1. In order to see what kinds of effects are important to reproduce the short-range repulsion in the quark cluster model, we investigate the contribution coming from the one-gluon-exchange potential and the normalization separately. It is clarified that the gluon exchange constructs the short-range repulsion in the NN1s0 while the quark Pauli-blocking effect governs the feature of the repulsive behavior in the SigmaN(T=3/2)3s1 channel.


Abstract : H2O2‐induced onset and execution of programmed cell death in mature rat brain oligodendrocytes in culture is accompanied by the induction and nuclear translocation of the transcription factors AP‐1 and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), both of which have been discussed as regulators of cell death and survival. Supershift analysis of nuclear extracts indicated that the AP‐1 complex consists of c‐Jun, c‐Fos, JunD, and possibly JunB proteins, and that the NF‐κB complex contains p50, p65, and c‐Rel proteins. The first signs of DNA fragmentation were seen already during the first hour after the treatment. DNA fragmentation could be prevented by the antioxidants pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and vitamin E, by the nuclease inhibitor aurintricarboxylic acid, and by preincubation with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO). Additionally, DFO protected oligodendrocytes from H2O2‐induced cytotoxic effects as assessed by the MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, and suppressed the formation of free radicals. DFO alone led to a slight increase and in combination with H2O2 synergistically induced DNA‐binding activities of AP‐1 and NF‐κB in oligodendrocytes. Our data suggest that although low levels of H2O2 directly activate AP‐1 and NF‐κB and might contribute to signal transduction pathways promoting cell survival, the formation and action of hydroxyl radicals promote cell death mechanisms that can be attenuated by the iron chelator DFO.


This paper considers the path following control problem for the unmanned roller which is constituted of front body and rear body. Compared with the conventional passenger vehicles, the control input for path following of unmanned roller is the articulated angle between front and rear bodies, which leads to higher order dynamics and stronger nonlinearity in the control system. The paper builds the path following control system model with the cross-track error subsystem and the orientation error subsystem for unmanned roller. It is shown that the first subsystem has input saturation term due to sinusoidal function, and the second subsystem has nonlinear uncertain dynamics as well as disturbances. By using backstepping scheme, the active disturbance rejection path following controller, aiming to estimating and cancelling the "total disturbance" in system, is proposed. Moreover, the stability of the resulting closed-loop system is rigorously analyzed despite the saturation, nonlinear dynamics and disturbances. It is shown that the cross-track error can achieve the desired performance in both transient process and steady-state phase by tuning the controller's parameters. Also, the effectiveness of the proposed solution is shown by the simulation results.


Background Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the commonest form of systemic vasculitis caused by inflammation of the blood vessels around the head and neck, with the highest incidence in women aged 70–79 years (7.4 per 10 000 person-years). Patients present with headache, jaw claudication and polymyalgia rheumatica with visual loss in 20%. Treatment is with high dose glucocorticoids. Objectives Identify and define the range of patient experiences in relation to GCA, and effects on health related quality of life in patients from the United Kingdom and Australia. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews with patients from the UK and Australia explored health-related quality of life and patient perspectives on the experience of GCA. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed. Patients were purposively sampled to include both genders, a range of disease durations and organ involvement (visual loss and large vessel involvement). Data were analysed with inductive thematic analysis and managed using NVivo 10. The sample size was determined by the point at which no new substantive themes emerged. Results Thirty-one interviews were conducted. Demographics and disease features shown in table 1. Individual sub-codes were identified then grouped into overarching themes: "Anxieties around getting a diagnosis of GCA", "Description of symptoms related to GCA and its treatment", "Lack of bodily strength, stability and stamina; difficulties with completing daily tasks", "Difficulties with participating in social activities, work and caring roles", "Not feeling normal and impact on general perception of health", "Anxiety and fear of the future". Contextual factors impacted on how patients experienced GCA including "Response to treatment and adverse effects", "Receiving support from family, friends and health care workers", "Adopting successful self-management techniques, e.g. keeping fit and active" and "Presence of pre-existing co-morbidities and development of secondary conditions e.g. cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis or diabetes". Demographics United Kingdom (n=25) Australia (n=6) Total (n=31) Sex, n (%) Male 9 (36.0) 1 (7.7) 10 (32.3) Female 16 (64.0) 5 (92.3) 21 (67.7) Age, n (%) <70 years 5 (20.0) 3 (50.0) 8 (25.8) ≥70 years 20 (80.0) 3 (50.0) 23 (74.2) Mean 75 69 74 Diagnostic test,n (%) * Biopsy 21 (84.0) 5 (83.3) 26 (83.9) Ultra/S 5 (20.0) 0 (0) 5 (16.1) CTA 2 (8.0) 0 (0) 2 (6.45) PET 2 (8.0) 1 (16.7) 3 (9.68) Visual Loss (%) Yes 10 (40.0) 2 (33.3) 12 (38.7) ESR≥50 or CRP≥10 Yes 24 (96.0) 5 (83.3) 29 (93.6) Time from diagnosis, n (%) <1 year 13 (52.0) 4 (66.7) 17 (54.8) ≥1 year 12 (48.0) 2 (33.3) 14 (45.2) Disease Active, n (%) Yes 11 (44.0) 4 (66.7) 15 (48.4) No 14 (56.0) 2 (33.3) 16 (51.6) Flare<1 year, n (%) Yes 13 (52.0) 3 (50.0) 16 (51.6 No 10 (40.0) 3 (50.0) 13 (41.9) Never 2 (8.0) 0 (0) 2 (6.5) Conclusions Patients with GCA have described a range of themes of interest in relation to their disease. These data could be used as the basis of developing a patient reported measure of outcome in GCA. Disclosure of Interest None declared


The extant literature tells us that a seaport inspector who places a large (small) weight on biological invasion damage control relative to economic cost reduction will, ceteris paribus, inspect ships with containers more (less) stringently. Therefore, in this theoretical note we analyze the decision problem faced by a seaport inspector who places equal weight on the above two objectives. Specifically, we first present a stylized model of biological invasions. Next, we derive an expression for the long run expected net cost (LRENC) of inspections. Finally, we show that the optimal dependability and speed of inspections is the solution to this LRENC minimization problem.


Summary. The objective of this prospective study was to investigate the efficiency of noninvasive ventilation in patients with severe blunt thoracic trauma, muliple rib fractures and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. 73 patients were randomized into 2 groups (36 patients in the study group and 37 patientsn the control group). All of them needed in mechanical ventilation. The main group patients were ventilated via face or nasal mask. The control group patients were ventilated via endotracheal tube. We found that noninvasive ventilation improved lung functions and reduced respiratory failuren 61.1 % of the patients without tracheal intubation. Noninvasive ventilation was reliably associated with reduction in lung complication rate, duraion of treatment and mortality. Unsuccessful attempts of noninvasive ventilation were not associated with worse outcomes (frequency of pulmonary complications, duration of treatment, mortality). Based on analysis of these parameters and periods of unsuccessful noninvasive ventilation we developed prognostic criteria and critical periods of unsuccessful noninvasive ventilation. Conclusion: noninvasive ventilation allowed reduction in risk of poor outcomes in particular group of patients with severe and complicated thoracic trauma.


Olympians and Paralympins have provided a great focus for raising money through the Gold Challenge. Danny Ratnaike speaks to three people doing the challenge for Alzheimer's Society.


Motivating the known result that there are non-negative information functions different from the Shannon information function, we investigate how large the set is on which every non-negative information function coincides with the Shannon's one. The structure of this set is also discussed.


8025; [11] Kohonen, T. (1982) Biological Cybernetics, 43(1), 59-69; [12] Grumpe, A. et al. (2012) Proc. 3rd Moscow Solar System Symp., 180-181; [13] Lawrence, D. J. et al. (1998) Science 281(5382), 1484-1489; [14] http://www.mapaplanet.org/explorer/ moon.html; [15] Bhatt et al. (2013) LPSC XXXXIV, abstract #1590; [16] Smrekar, S. and Pieters, C. M. (1985) Icarus 63, 442-452; [17] Adams, J. B. and Goullaud, L. H. (1978) LPSC IX, 1-3; [18] Klima et al. (2005) LPSC XXXVI, abstract #1462. Figure 1: Result of the clustering algorithm for the M3 mosaic (selenographic latitude 60°). Colours denote cluster indices. Figure 2: Continuum-removed prototype spectra. The spectra exhibit absorption troughs of variable depth near 1000 nm and 2000 nm. The position of the absorption band near 1000 nm varies across a wide range. Some prototype spectra show a shallow absorption band and others an inflection near 1300 nm.


Biodiversity is eroding at unprecedented rates due to human activity1. Species' trajectories towards extinction are shaped by multiple factors, including life-history traits2 as well as human pressures3. Previous studies linking these factors to extinction risk have been narrow in their taxonomic and geographic scope4, thus limiting the ability for identifying global predictors. We studied the relation between 12 traits and the extinction risk of almost 900 species representing 15 groups across the tree of life (vertebrates, invertebrates and plants) at a global scale. We show that threatened species share narrow habitat breadth, poor dispersal ability, low fecundity, small altitudinal range, and are affected by a large human footprint. Other traits either show contrasting responses among groups (body size, offspring size, and change in human footprint), or relations were found for only a limited number of taxa (generation length, diet breadth, microhabitat). Our study suggests that in the absence of data on the precise distribution and population trends of species, traits can be used as predictors of extinction risk and thus help guide future research, monitoring and conservation efforts.


The geosdandards reference materials have been the metrological standard of geoanalysis.They are frequently used in geoanaly-sis and play an important role in the quality controlling of analytical results,instrument calibration and analytical method evaluation.Most of the geosdandards reference materials are powder materials,while the particle size is a very important characteristic index for powder materials.From the beginning of the preparation of reference materials,the particle size of geological reference materials had been mea-sured by sieving method;In recent years,laser particle size analyzer had been introduced into the preparation of ultra-fine size reference materials,so the results of particle size analysis can be represented by the intuitive particle size distribution plot and concise specific particle sizes.The introduction of this technique improved the measurement and characterization level for particle size of geological powder refer-ence materials markedly.In this paper,we report the particle size distribution results obtained by this new technique for the typical geos-dandards reference materials,which had been widely used for the analysis of geological samples.It will be helpful for the correct usage and the evaluation of sampling uncertainty.In addition,we introduced the modern methods measuring particle size of powder materialment and discussed the differences of concept between geoanalysis and particle size analysis.Some suggestions are presented for the future mea-surement and characterization of particle size for geological reference materials as well as for routine geoanalytical samples.


Value at Risk (VaR) is one of the most common risk management tools in finance. Since a portfolio of several assets, rather than one asset portfolio, is advantageous in the risk diversification for investment, VaR for a portfolio of two or more assets is often used. In such cases, multivariate distributions of asset returns are considered to calculate VaR of the corresponding portfolio. Copulas are one way of generating a multivariate distribution by identifying the dependence structure of asset returns while allowing many di ff erent marginal distributions. How-ever, they are used mainly for bivariate distributions and are not widely used in modeling joint distributions for many variables in finance. In this study, we would like to examine the performance of various copulas for high dimensional data and several di ff erent dependence structures. This paper compares copulas such as elliptical, vine, and hierarchical copulas in computing the VaR of portfolios to find appropriate copula functions in various dependence structures among asset return distributions. In the simulation studies under various dependence structures and real data analysis, the hierarchical Clayton copula shows the best performance in the VaR calculation using four assets. For marginal distributions of single asset returns, normal inverse Gaussian distribution was used to model asset return distributions, which are generally high-peaked and heavy-tailed.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the principal leadership and the teacher competence consisting of pedagogic competence, personal competence, social competence, and professional competence on the performance of teachers in SMK City of Jambi. The population in this study was the teacher of existing productive fields in the SMK City of Jambi totaling 136 people. By using proportional random sampling technique analysis, the obtained of samples with the number of teachers is 94. The method of analysis used is path analysis, where the data acquisition is done through questionnaires, interviews, and literature as a reference for this study. The results showed that the influences of positive and significant the principal leadership and the teacher competence on performance of teachers in the productive field of SMK City of Jambi. Keyword : Principal Leadership, Teacher Competence, Performance of Teacher.


To solve problems such as lack of appropriate teaching materials in elementary school programming classes, the use of drones was considered. We gave classes using drone for 26 children. All children were able to create a drone program to fly the designated flight route and complete the tasks. In the questionnaire after the class, it was confirmed that there was a high level of interest in programming and that it was effective in understanding unlearned content and active learning.


This paper addresses the problem of motion segmentation using a multilayer representation. At first, the coarse optic flow is estimated using the robust Simultaneous-Over-Relaxation (SOR) algorithm, meanwhile the intensity segmentation is performed by a watershed algorithm. The image is divided into nonoverlapping rectangular tiled regions, within those subregions affine motion models are fitted from the optic flow. Using the ISODATA clustering algorithm, those affine models are grouped into a small number of motion models. Finally, based on registration errors by image warping on each watershed segment, the support maps of multilayers are obtained. Experimental results from real images are given to show the efficiency of our method.


Two key features of Conceptual Metaphor Theory are that metaphors appear in multiple modes of communication from language to gestures to pictures and that metaphors scaffold our understanding of abstract concepts by grounding them in embodied, physically experienced concepts. In an exploratory study, we investigated metaphor production and interpretation using cross modal stimuli (verbal and pictorial). Native Japanese participants viewed an abstract word in the textual mode, in the form of an incomplete copula metaphor (Friendship is ...), and then saw six images of concrete entities (castle, heater, colored pencils, etc.). They chose one of these image concepts to complete the copula metaphor and then provided an interpretation of it. In this paper, we first analyze these choice selections using descriptive statistics. Results indicate that there is a wide amount of variability among these selected responses. Secondly, we analyze the interpretations, which use (1) external or systemic properties of the pictorial entity; (2) situational functions or actions performed on the entity; or (3) some form of introspection related to the entity.


One of the main promises of aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is to promote improved modularization of crosscutting concerns, thereby enhancing the software stability in the presence of changes. This paper presents a quantitative study that assesses the positive and negative effects of AOP on typical maintenance activities of a Web information system. The study consists of a systematic comparison between the object-oriented and the aspect-oriented versions of the same application in order to assess to what extent each solution provides maintainable software decompositions. Our analysis was driven by fundamental modularity attributes, such as coupling, cohesion, conciseness, and separation of concerns. We have found that the aspect-oriented design has exhibited superior stability and reusability through the changes, as it has resulted in fewer lines of code, improved separation of concerns, weaker coupling, and lower intra-component complexity


Introduction Evidence suggests group walking in natural environments is more beneficial to the general population's mental health than walking indoors, in urban environments, and alone. Such 'green walking groups' have been suggested as an occupational therapy intervention that could be suitable for adults with mental health problems. However, there have been no reviews of the mental health outcomes of participating in green walking groups for this population. Method A mixed-methods literature review was conducted. A range of databases was systematically searched electronically. Papers that met pre-defined inclusion criteria were selected, critically appraised, and qualitative and quantitative data were extracted. Thematic analysis was used to identify key qualitative outcomes. Findings Six papers were included and eight mental health outcomes identified. The evidence suggests participants can experience connections with other people, connections with nature, and a sense of freedom. There is some limited evidence to support improvements to mood, self-esteem, reflection on life tasks, and symptoms of depression, with mixed evidence for experiencing a sense of achievement. Conclusion This review can be used to build the evidence base for the link between occupation and mental health, and inform the clinical decision-making of occupational therapists, who are well-placed to design and implement green walking groups.


Intel Mote 2 is based on the PXA271 microprocessor featuring the Intel XScale® core. This multi-die package includes a high performance processor, 32 MB of flash and 32 MB of SDRAM. The processor integrates a DSP coprocessor, a security coprocessor and an expanded set of I/O interfaces (including UART, I2C, SPI, USB, CIF, I2S, and AC97) to ease sensor integration. The platform also provides an on-board 802.15.4 radio and the option to add other wireless interfaces via an SDIO interface. We have ported the TinyOS and Linux operating systems to this platform.


There has been remarkable development progress on the KSTAR superconducting (SC) magnet and the interface systems including a cryogenic interface system and a current feeder system (CFS) which are required for SC magnet operation. All SC coils required for the KSTAR have been completed in fabrication and are under assembly on site. For the toroidal field (TF) coils, 18 coils have been fabricated, including 16 coils for installation, a prototype coil (TF00) for the performance test and a spare coil (TF17). Three pairs of poloidal field (PF) coils and 4 pairs of central solenoid (CS) coils have also been fabricated. As the cryogenic interface, a helium refrigeration system (HRS) with a cooling capacity of 9 kW at 4.5 K is under fabrication by Samsung Corporation and Air Liquide in France. The installation and commissioning of HRS itself will be completed by the middle of 2007. The CFS, consists of SC buslines, joints, and current leads. SC buslines made of NbTi cable- in-conduit conductor are under assembly with joint connections and surface insulation. Two pairs of prototype leads for PF and TF coils have been fabricated and tested up to the current levels of 26 kA for PF leads and 35 kA for TF leads. Those values are two times higher than optimum design values. Two current lead boxes and vacuum pumping system have been fabricated and 9 pairs of leads with a helium flow control system for the first plasma experiments will be fabricated and assembled by February, 2007.


The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was used to monitor endothelial cell (EC) adhesion on the gold surface of an oscillating quartz crystal contained in a QCM device. A number of parameters were investigated. First, we observed differential QCM O‐ring toxicities for ECs. Second, appropriate conditions for cell culture and QCM cell environment were identified that can eliminate large‐scale frequency oscillations in the measurements. These artifacts are not due to added cells but originate in the time‐dependent evaporation of water. Having eliminated these artifacts, we then demonstrated that the measured steady‐state crystal frequency shift, Δf, and motional resistance shift, ΔR, were determined by the number of firmly attached ECs requiring trypsinization from the crystal surface. Last, following steady‐state attachment of ECs, the EC growth stimulation by fibroblast growth factor was monitored in a continuous fashion by measuring f and R values over a 72 h. period. We observed the Δf values to increase in a way that reflected the increase in EC number bound to the QCM surface. Following addition of ECs to the QCM, the time‐dependent increase in ΔR can be interpreted in terms of increase by the ECs of the energy dissipation properties of the solution at the solution‐gold surface interface. This effect is due to their rapid surface attachment and the elaboration of their cytoskeletal properties. These results indicate that the QCM technique can be used for the study of EC attachment and growth and suggest its potential for the real time study of per unit surface area cell mass distribution dynamics and viscoelastic properties and the cells' responses to stresses or perturbations brought about using biologically active molecules.


This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the physicochemical process with lime and ferric chloride in removing the pollution generated by the olive mill wastewaters (OMW) .The characterization of the samples has shown that they are acidic, with a black color and a strong organic load due to the presence of phenolic compounds. The combination of the lime and the ferric chloride allows the removal of 87% of the total suspended solid (TSs), 58% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 75% of Phenolic compounds. After purification the treated OMW were valorised as wash water or used for irrigation of green spaces and the generated sludge were dried and used to combustion.


This paper analyzes the processes of production and socialization of teaching knowledge of a group of Mathematics teachers in the transformation of a maker sequence didactic. The narrative is conceived in the historical constitution of the collective work of teaching and research with Maker Education and Educational Robotics and involves 15 years of a teaching that is, at the same, singular and collective, and occurs through the different meetings of production in the development of a recurring project, although not equivalent: the construction of prototypes of catapults and their relationship with the mathematical curriculum of Functions. The article promotes teaching practices concerned with creating conditions for students to perceive curricular concepts present in the products they build.


This study was carried out to evaluate the soil hydrophysical properties and soil water regime of two irrigated maize fields in order to support irrigation planning and management. The experimental sites were located in Mezohegyes (MZH) and Hodmezovasarhely (HMV) in SE Hungary. In total 11 monitoring stations were chosen, using information from a previously developed, GIS-based agro-geoinformation system. In 2003 and 2004 soil sampling and in situ measurements were performed to determine the soil hydrophysical properties and soil water content dynamics. The hydraulic conductivity of the topsoil was evaluated from double ring infiltrometer measurements. A previously calibrated TDR 300 instrument and a 3T-M capacitance probe were used for quantifying the soil water content. Both types of equipment were found to require calibration and testing under field conditions before use. It was concluded that the study fields could be considered relatively homogeneous in relation to both soil hydrophysical properties ...


A method for non-invasively estimating venti- lation-perfusion ratio distribution in the lung is proposed. The method includes a mathematical model describing the multi- compartmental lung and a technique to perform Helium washout by breathing Halothane-mixed air in which the Halothane concentration is varied sinusoidally. Using this method, the ventilation-perfusion ratio distribution can be determined by measuring end-inspiratory and end-expiratory gas concentrations as well as respiratory flow. Some results in nod subjects and patients with pulmonary diseases using this method are presented. INTRODUCTION The pattern of ventilation-perfusion ratio distribution (OAR& distribution) in the lung could be of extreme importance in analyzing and diagnosing pulenary diseases. Although several approaches for obtaining VAG distribution have been suggested (1),(2), none of them are used routinely due to their complexity and invasiveness. In this paper, a new method for determination of VAG distribu- tion using respiratory gas analysis is described. During the measuring process, previously washed-in Helium is washed out by breathing air mixed with Halothane, in which the Halothane concentration is varied sinusoidally and the sinusoidal frequency is changed continuously. A mathemati- cal model has been built based on the concept of a multi- Compartmental lung. By applying this model, ventilation, blood flow and lung volume in each compmnt of the lung can be calculated from the inspired and expired Helium and Halothane concentrations measured throughout the pmcess. The +,,a distribution pattern can be obtained thereafter. MODEL In a homogeneous lung model, when breathing an inert gas continuously, the distribution of the gas in the lung, blood and body, including the effect of the inert gas recirculation, can be described as follows (3). (~vb+h~v,+v~)~~( t)'~(P,(t)-P~(t) l+ nOp,(t)-PA(t)l (la) j (~vb+~v~pj(t~~Qj (p~,(t)-Pi(t)l


Low back pain is among the leading causes of disability worldwide. The degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) environment contains pathologically high levels of inflammatory cytokines and acidic pH hypothesized to contribute to back pain by sensitizing nociceptive neurons to stimuli that would not be painful in healthy patients. We hypothesized that the degenerative IVD environment drives discogenic pain by sensitizing nociceptive neurons to mechanical loading. To test this hypothesis, we developed an in vitro model that facilitated the investigation of interactions between the degenerative IVD environment, nociceptive neurons innervating the IVD and mechanical loading of the disc; and, the identification of the underlying mechanism of degenerative IVD induced nociceptive neuron sensitization. In our model, rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons were seeding onto bovine annulus fibrosus tissue, exposed to degenerative IVD conditioned media and/or acidic pH, and subjected to cyclic tensile strain (1 Hz; 1%‐6% strain) during measurement of DRG sensory neuron activity via calcium imaging. Using this model, we demonstrated that both degenerative IVD conditioned media and degenerative IVD acidic pH levels induced elevated nociceptive neuron activation in response to physiologic levels of mechanical strain. In addition, interleukin 6 (IL‐6) was demonstrated to mediate degenerative IVD conditioned media induced elevated nociceptive neuron activation. These results demonstrate IL‐6 mediates degenerative IVD induced neuron sensitization to mechanical loading and further establishes IL‐6 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of discogenic pain. Data further suggests the degenerative IVD environment contains multiple neuron sensitization pathways (IL‐6, pH) that may contribute to discogenic pain.


We experimentally image the magnetic precession phase of patterned spin Hall multilayer samples to study the rf driving field vector using time-resolved anomalous Nernst effect (TRANE) microscopy. Our ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements quantify the phase and amplitude for both the magnetic precession and the electric current, which allows us to establish the total driving field orientation and the strength of spin Hall effect. In a channel of uniform width, we observe spatial variation of the FMR phase laterally across the channel. We interpret our findings in the context of electrical measurement using the spin-transfer torque ferromagnetic resonance technique and show that observed phase variation introduces a systematic correction into the spin Hall angle if spatial phase and amplitude variations are not taken into account.


A sero-epidemiological study of swine cysticercosis was carried out in 628 swine slaughtered at seven locations in Brazil. 322 of these animals were inspected by approved meat inspectors at three locations and 306 animals were slaughtered at four different locations and were not inspected. Non-inspected swine (prevalence 16,3%) were 5,5 times more likely to be seropositive than inspected swine (3,4%) (p < 0,0001). The results of this study provide information to further understand the epidemiology of cysticercosis in Brazil


An acid urease from Providencia rettgeri JN‐B815 was purified via ultrasonication, ethanol precipitation, and DEAE ion‐exchange column chromatography. It was found that the enzyme exhibits not only urease activity, but also urethanase activity, which made it possible to reduce EC already existed or would produce and its precursor urea at the same time. Then, crosslinked enzyme aggregates of P. rettgeri urease (PRU‐CLEAs) were prepared using genipin as crosslinking agent. The purification process of acid urease, the effects of genipin concentration, and crosslinking time on PRU‐CLEAs activity were investigated. The crosslinking was performed at pH 4.5 for 2.5 h, using 0.3% genipin as crosslinking agent, and 0.3 g · L−1 bovine serum albumin as protein feeder. Using the obtained PRU‐CLEAs, the removal rate of urea was up to 9.31 mg · L−1 · h−1. The removal rate of urea was still up to 7.56 mg · L−1 · h−1 after PRU‐CLEAs was re‐used for 6 times. When PRU‐CLEAs were applied in a batch stirred and membrane reactor, the removal rate of urea in rice wine reached 5.16 mg · L−1 · h−1 and the removal rate of EC was 9.21 μg · L−1 · h−1. Furthermore, the treatment with PRU‐CLEAs revealed no significant change of volatile flavor substances in Chinese rice wine. Thus PRU‐CLEAs have great potential in the elimination of EC in Chinese rice wine.


A novel passive THz imaging system of single channel and optical-mechanical scanning is described. It employs a Cassegrain antenna of 390mm in diameter, and achieves the two-dimensional scanning imaging via the cooperation of a line scanning mirror, driven by a crank-rocker mechanism in a high speed, and the motion of the frame scanning mirror. Thus, the system has many advantages such as low cost, simple structure, efficient and so on. The single frame imaging time of the system is only 20s, the field of view (FOV) is 30°× 36°, and the angle resolution is up to 0.6°. The experimental results show that the system can image the human body, and effectively detect dangerous items concealed under the clothes. For the images, processed by a sparse representation-based image denoising and inpainting algorithm, which generalizing the K-Means clustering process, for adapting dictionaries in order to achieve sparse signal representations. The processed image quality is improved obviously. The experimental results demonstrate, better RMSE and highest Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) compared with traditional methods can be obtained.


Watermarking techniques are primarily used for copyright protection. A simple and robust watermark-like digital authentication scheme is proposed. This work has two major merits. First, the watermark used in the proposed authentication scheme is the same type used in the original image, e.g. grey level images. Second, the proposed scheme meets the requirements for watermarking techniques. Illegal users cannot perceive and break the watermark signed from the original image. Furthermore, the signed watermark is robust against attacks by many image altering algorithms, such as filtering, lossy compression, rotation and scaling. The proposed scheme is not only suitable for ordinary natural images, but also for cartoon graphics.


The results of field studies of operation of three-phase separators with direct production heating are given. The possibility of a preliminary deep water discharge in three-phase separators with direct production heating is shown.


The fundamental target of real-time scheduling is to execute the task set, such that their deadlines are never missed. The major concern in safety-critical and mixed criticality real-time systems is that correct output should be generated before deadline even in the presence of faults. With the advent of low cost COTS there is rise in the transient faults. This lay off can be met by using fault tolerant techniques to make the system reliable. The empirical evaluation and simulation of partitioned and global approaches of scheduling for the avionics task set gives an insight of issues in achieving reliability.


We present the first complete treatment for calculating theoretical estimates of free energies of formation of macromolecule−ligand complexes with molecular dynamics simulations, as the free energy for transforming the ligand into a non-interacting state by gradually diminishing the forces between macromolecule (plus solvent) and ligand. The calculations become possible due to the introduction of a specially designed potential ("molecular tweezers") which restrains the spatial position and orientation of the ligand molecule and is gradually applied as the transformation proceeds from complexed to non-interacting components. The binding of benzene to a mutant T4 lysozyme (Morton et al. Biochemistry 1995, 34, 8564−8575) has been used as a test case. The simulations reproduce the value of the free energy of binding (−5.19 kcal/mol if the standard state of benzene is a 1 M aqueous solution) within the sum of experimental and statistical error. Another series of such simulations with rigid protein models provi...


The book presents a linguistic study of Quantifiers and Negative Polarity Item(NPI) in Kokborok, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Tripura,India. Also, it projects different forms of negation in relation to yes/no questions, ambiguity, conditionals,adversative predicates and embedded clauses as well as negation of quantifierss,etc. Moreover, it introduces examples of NPI and quantifiers in languages of different Language Families such as Arabic,Croatian,English and Russian. NPI in this language can occur in negative contexts.Also,the occurrence of NPI can be noticed in imperative sentences,interrogative sentences as well as in affirmative sentences. Similarly, data analysis discloses that there is such kind of merger between NPI and negation as well as it is between quantifiers and negation. Furthermore, the study offers different kinds of quantifiers which are expressed through one specific term and they are differentiated only by the plural marker of the noun they qualify. Besides, the study presents the syntactic and the semantic positions of NPI and quantifiers and how they are linked to negation.


Pneumatic actuators are widely used in industry and many other applications, whereas low energy efficiency has been recognized as a critical drawback compared with corresponding hydraulic and electrical actuators. The paper presents a study to improve the performance and energy efficiency of the traditional pneumatic drive with vertical load 50N, by added air booster type IPR (Input Pressure Reduce) to the. Four supply pressures used 2, 4, 6 and 8 bar, compared with the traditional control of the motion of the asymmetric cylinder in which maximum energy saving obtained at 6 bar 16.7%


This paper presents a methodology through employing artificial neural network (ANN), cellular automata (CA), and multi-agent model for simulating land use change. To facilitate transportation analysis, the model utilizes a series of transition rules defined for each land cell (50*50 meters) to describe both spatial factors and the human decision making behaviors of land use development. Based on the geographic information systems (GIS) data in 1990, the model forecasts all land use types and transportation-related types (LUT) in 2000 with high prediction accuracy of 89.8% and 87.7%, respectively. Compared to ANN with one hidden layer, three hidden layers achieved higher prediction accuracy but required more computation time. Modeling results also show the ANN approach is not effective in smaller sized lands, including lower robustness and lower prediction accuracy. The Agents mode represents policy and human micro decision making. When combined with ANN model, the prediction accuracy is improved and the low robustness for ANN model only is relieved.


The invention discloses a meropenem freeze-dried preparation for injection and a preparation method thereof. 1,000 milliliters of water for injection comprises the following ingredients: 2 to 15 grams of meropenem, 20 to 100 grams of oil for injection, 0 to 20 grams of stabilizing agent, 10 to 80 grams of emulsifying agent, 10 to 30 grams of glycerol and 50 to 200 grams of freeze-dried protective agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: dispersing the emulsifying agent into the oil for injection and adding the meropenem; adding the glycerol into the water for injection; stirring and mixing uniformly to form an aqueous phase; emulsifying and homogenizing an oil phase and the aqueous phase to obtain emulsion; and preparing freeze-dried emulsion. A meropenem lipid microsphere preparation provided by the invention can obviously reduce hydrolysis and oxidation of active ingredients and can maintain the integrity of the lipid microsphere structure so as to obviously improve the stability of medicament storage.


THAT many aspects of the common law may be explained in terms of economic efficiency, defined as wealth maximization, is a proposition that has been well-established by the work of Posner' and others. I have, along with others, provided arguments which partially explain why this is true.2 Thus, it is puzzling when there is some legal rule which cannot be so explained. To date, one of the main anomalies in the economic explanation of common law is the rule against penalty clauses in contracts. If two parties sign a contract specifying a payment in the case of breach and if the courts determine that damages are greater than the actual costs of the breach, the damages will not be allowed. Though there are some economic explanations for this behavior in the literature,3 these explanations have not been fully convincing.4 Another area in which economic analysis has not been fully satisfying is the area of specific performance. Kronman is able to explain some of the reluctance of the courts to order specific performance in the case of contracts, but he is still left with some puzzles.5 In this paper, I provide an explanation for both of these aspects of the courts' refusal to enforce contracts. The argument is based on Telser's


During the development of skin cancer, normal keranign tumors. With later-passage HaCaT cells, which had accumulated a high number of chromosomal abertinocytes accumulate a number of genetic aberrations that finally allow a cell to clonally expand and form a rations, the same oncogene caused malignant conversion in all clones tested (Boukamp et al., 1995). Thus, tumor. At present, the best documented genetic changes relevant for nonmelanoma skin carcinomas are mutathe later-passage HaCaT cells had gained one or more genetic defects that were able to cooperate with the tional inactivation of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene (for review, see Ziegler et al., 1994), loss of material from oncogenic potential of the ras gene, and only this combination allowed the cells to become malignant tumorichromosome 9 (Quinn et al., 1994), and ras oncogene activation (for review, see Ananthaswamy and Pierceall, genic. In search of these genetic defects, we found that chro1992). mosome 15 was underrepresented in all malignant IN VITRO MODEL OF SKIN ''late-passage'' clones as compared with the nonor beCARCINOGENESIS nign-tumorigenic ''early-passage'' clones (Boukamp et al., 1995). Similarly, in the stable nontumorigenic HaTo determine functional consequences of these geCaT cells, the number of chromosome 15 remained connetic changes, we have developed an in vitro model stantly high, with 4–5 copies up to more than 300 pasof human skin carcinogenesis, i.e., the spontaneously sages (Boukamp et al.,1997). immortalized HaCaT cells (Boukamp et al., 1988). With these cells, we were able to substantiate the role of p53 ALTERATIONS IN CHROMOSOME 15 mutation as a primary event in skin carcinogenesis IN SKIN CARCINOMA CELLS (Lehman et al., 1993). In HaCaT cells, both alleles were This finding prompted us to investigate the status of mutated in CC sites from the early beginning, and, chromosome 15 in cell lines established from human typically, one allele carried a CC-to-TT double-base squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs). In 4 of 5 lines, chrochange indicative for UV-B-induced mutations. In addimosome 15 was not present in two normal copies. In 3 tion, HaCaT cells showed loss of one copy of chromolines, one copy was involved in a translocation; from somes 9p, 3p, and 4p at this early time point. By reinstudies with yac clones spanning the subcentromeric troducing extra copies of these chromosomes via microregion of chromosome 15, part of this chromosome may cell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT; Saxon et have been lost (Popp and Boukamp, unpublished real., 1985), we were able to show that chromosome 9 sults). In the fourth line, one complete copy was missand chromosome 4 had no effect on the growth of Haing, and loss was seen as early as in explant culture CaT cells. However, introduction of chromosome 3 re(Boukamp et al., 1982). Thus, at least in this line, loss sulted in senescence of the immortal HaCaT cells (Bouof chromosome 15 was not a tissue culture artifact but kamp, unpublished results). was acquired during tumor development in the patient. Surprisingly, the ras oncogene also had no dominant effect in this model system. Its oncogenic potential deFUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCE OF LOSS pended on the genetic background of the HaCaT cells, OF CHROMOSOME 15 which was demonstrated in a set of experiments in To investigate the role of a loss of chromosome 15 in which we introduced the ras oncogene not via transfecthe SCL-I cells, we introduced an extra copy of chromotion but via MMCT. This approach was advantageous some 15 via microcell-mediated chromosome transfer. in two ways: we avoided (a) different amounts of inteThe resulting microcell hybrid cells were analyzed grated ras oncogene and (b) different integration sites for in vitro and in vivo growth. In culture, the populaof the gene in the individual recipient cells. When earlytion doubling time remained similar to that of the papassage HaCaT cells (with only few genetic changes) were used as recipient cells, the ras oncogene did not lead to tumorigenicity at all or, with two exceptions, *Correspondence to: Petra Boukamp, Department of Carcinogenthe cells developed small tumors that, as shown by esis and Differentiation, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. histology, were encapsulated epidermal cysts, i.e., be-


Though the Chinese government has projected the BRI in economic terms, it has been viewed critically by Australia, Japan, and the U.S. Turkey has, as a geostrategic connector of Asia and Europe, registered its trade interest in the BRI along with projecting the Middle Corridor Initiative (MCI) as a means to realize regional market connectivity and commercial cooperation. In view of the aforesaid, this study aims to explain whether the BRI has factored into Turkey's Asia policy and to what extent the MCI can complement the BRI. Moreover, the study analyzed the existing scale of China-Turkey trade and proposed a set of opportunities offered by both the BRI and the MCI. Nonetheless, the stated opportunities are beset with multiple challenges ranging from transregional instability to socio-economic upheavals. In order to accrue trade dividends in terms of inter-initiative cooperation and connectivity, both China and Turkey will have to play a leading role in developing policy coordination and establishing cultural linkages among the BRI/MCI community. Thus, operationally, Turkey would carry immense influence in Asian affairs economically and strategically.


Liquid-liquid extraction of neodymium, terbium and thulium has been studied using di(2-ethyl hexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP) in cyclohexane as the extractant. The effect of glycine on the extraction has been investigated. The role of acidity on the distribution ratios of the lanthanide ions is explained by means of the equilibria involved in the system. An improvement in separation factor is observed and the best conditions of separation are proposed.


Technology has always been and will continue to develop, especially mobile based applications. Gadgets or devices become a media that becomes the choice to carry out useful processes such as education, in the era of all-round technology today or known as the millennial era. Not to be the main to students but to be fostered by the teacher, need guidance that will help from the beginning of the guide followed by a systematic evaluation process. Alpabeta Kindergarten is one of the kindergartens that have begun to implement prayer learning from an early age for students who are Muslim and have difficulty in implementation because the guidelines available in the form of books or applications are not accompanied by an evaluation process. The idea to design and build an Android-based application that can be an alternative solution in providing information on obligatory prayer and sunnah accompanied by a one-way evaluation process. This application serves as a media guide to obligatory and sunnah prayers and facilitate the community, especially students of Alpabeta Kindergarten for the learning process of obligatory prayers and sunnah prayers. The research method consists of 5 (five) stages including gathering needs, analyzing needs, designing applications, integrating and testing prototype forms, implementing prototype applications and evaluating. The results of testing the prototype application of the obligatory and sunnah prayer guides are as functional as expected. Evaluation of the application is also good with almost 99% presentation because all buttons on this application can run well and the application is easy to understand and easy to use by teachers and students of Kindergarten Alpabeta.


Green pigments based on uvarovite Ca3Cr2[SiO4]3 were obtained from cheap silica-containing materials of the Siberian region by high-temperature solid-phase synthesis with the use of mechanical activation of an initial mixture. The chemical composition of quartz sand and marshallit, the main initial components of pigments, is determined using an optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma (iCAP 6300 Duo, Thermo Scienfitic). The structure and phase composition of initial materials and reaction products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (DRON-UM1 diffractometer, filtered CuKa-radiation), IR spectroscopy (Nicolet 5700 FTIR spectrometer), and scanning electron microscopy (Philips SEM 515). Calcium carbonate is shown to decompose during mechanochemical activation. The reactions occurring during the synthesis of pigments were studied using a thermal analyzer (SDT Q600) in the temperature range of 25-1200°C at a heating rate of 20 deg/min. Mechanical activation of initial components in a planetary mill M3 with an acceleration of 45 g for 300 s leads to a decrease in the synthesis temperature by 200°C and increases the degree of conversion of the final products.


FIGURE 1. Lysmata leptodactylus sp. nov., Holotype. A, anterior part of carapace and cephalic appendages, dorsal; B, carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral; C, carapace and rostrum, lateral; D, abdominal somites, lateral; E, telson and uropods, dorsal; F, right antennular peduncle, dorsal; G, accessory branch of dorsolateral flagellum of right antennule, ventral; H, right scaphocerite, dorsal. Scales: 1.0 mm.


Study of red tourism resources distribution in Shangluo is a basic work for traditional education and tourist promotion.In this area,there exist six places like Manchuanguan where scaled war tolk place,six places where famous martyrs like Tang Shu,Xu Baoshan were once lived,died or buried,and ten places like Shangzhou City,Longjuzai where important revolutionary activities took place.


This research aims to analyze e-learning that can make it easier for teachers and students to carry out teaching and learning activities without limitation of time and place. The method used descriptive qualitative. The results obtained from this study are an application that can be used for remote teaching and learning activities, the teacher can enter the material into the application as well as students can access the material anytime and anywhere, besides that teachers and students can still communicate synchronously even without face to face. These results are obtained from the application development process starting from system requirements analysis, software design, application coding, application implementation, application testing, and application maintenance. This study's results can help teaching and learning activities during the Covid-19 pandemic as it is today. The impact is that students can still get lessons according to the curriculum of each level of education, and teachers can still share knowledge with all their students even though they cannot do face-to-face learning


As the economy of both China and India is developing at a high speed,the two countries may achieve a common prosperity by drawing on the experience of each other.It is the imperative condition for the two countries to realize a win-win result of development by doing a good job in the adjustment of their economic structures,fund utilization,bank management,capital market,development of personnel resources,and decrease of discrepancies between the rich and poor.When the dragon an elephant are in harmony,they are undefeatable.It will be a bright future for these two countries to achieve a win-win result.


The extraction equilibrium of Th (NO3)4 and HNO3 in TBP-CCl4 solution was studied. The vapor pressures of H2O and HNO3 over the aqueous solution containing HNO3 and Th (NO3)4 were measured, and the activity of each component in the ternary aqueous solution was calculated. Conventional distribution measurements of Th (NO3)4 and HNO3 between organic and aqueous phases were conducted in addition to the measurement of infrared absorption spectra of the organic phase. The water concentration in the organic phase was also measured. Based on the experimental results, the composition and aggregation number of the extracted species containing Th (NO3)4 and HNO3 and the apparent equilibrium constants of extraction were determined, respectively: it was assumed that the extracted species in the organic


With diagram, this paper explains the representing function and applying characteristics of 3 scene impressing lights which do not aim at illumination and character stuffing. The distinction is briefly made between the light decoration and impression in concept and function.


The Third Millennium Bridge cross the Ebro river to the west of Zaragoza is the main vehicles access to International Exposition of this year 2008.

Probably, this structure will become a international reference in bridge engineering for many reasons. The quality of the design, structural and aesthetical, the size, the technical innovations in materials and construction systems can be emphasized among other things.


Determination of the excretion of pregnandiol in the urine and the concentration of the enzyme histaminase in the blood plasma in 175 women admitted because of symptoms suggestive of threatening abortion showed as follows:(i) in those cases in which abortion did not occur, the histaminase and the pregnandiol values were found to be normal for the stage of the pregnancy (96 per cent and 89 per cent respectively);(ii) in those cases in which abortion occurred the values were found to be below normal for the stage of pregnancy (in 59 per cent and 73 per cent respectively);(iii) in 1 case of hydatidiform mole the values were below normal for pregnancy in this stage. In 5 cases of ectopic pregnancy the values found were sometimes normal and sometimes low: therefore, these determinations are of little prognostic value in the investigation of assumed ectopic pregnancy;(iv) determination of both the excretion of pregnandiol in the urine and of the amount of histaminase in the blood plasma provide fairly good crit...


To deal with the problems concerning the shore boundary,moving boundary and engineeringboundary which are encountered frequently in 2D tidal current simulation by the finite difference method,theconcept of line boundary is introduced and studied here,and then the line boundary technique in common useis proposed in this paper.Analysis of some calculation cases shows that this technique is practical,effective,and simple in 2D tidal current simulation involving different boundaries.


Time perspective influences mental health, but few studies have examined the relationship between well-being and time perspective among the elderly. The present study investigates the correlation b ...


Due to the explosive growth of the Internet and increasing demand for multimedia information on the web, video content distribution over the Internet has received tremendous attention from academia and industry. The most common approach for such is the peer-to-peer approach. In this approach, peers who create demand for videos also share their content with other peers. The service capacity thus increases automatically with increasing peer population, making scalability an advantage of the peer-to-peer solution But a high speed file downloading is not guaranteed. So, to remedy this, a cloud downloading scheme is deployed having a high service capacity. This system used two design philosophies using cloud either as a server or a server to suit itself to any operating system scenarios-the server mode when video population is large compared to cache size, and the helper mode when peer request rate is high compared to server bandwidth. In this paper, we proposed an enhanced feature which can serve multiple concurrent request for videos having different sizes at a time. Keywords—CDN, cloud server, cloud downloads, helpers, peer to peer network.


Topographic quadrangle map of San Ygnacio, Texas, and the surrounding area, showing populated areas, boundaries, water bodies, railroads, roads, ranches, and landmarks, with relief shown by contours (interval 20 feet) and spot heights. Scale 1:62,500