Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI) is a popular method for extracting useful information that is otherwise unavailable from a conventional intensity image. Usually, however, it requires expensive equipment, is often limited to either distinctly frequency- or time-domain modalities, and demands calibration measurements and precise knowledge of the illumination signal. Here, we present a generalized time-based, cost-effective method for estimating lifetimes by repurposing a consumer-grade time-of-flight sensor. By developing mathematical theory that unifies time- and frequency-domain approaches, we can interpret a time-based signal as a combination of multiple frequency measurements. We show that we can estimate lifetimes without knowledge of the illumination signal and without any calibration. We experimentally demonstrate this blind, reference-free method using a quantum dot solution and discuss the method's implementation in FLI applications.


1503 Background: The consistent utilization of secure messaging ("SM") since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has provided cancer patients with unprecedented access to their medical providers, resulting in reduced out-of-pocket costs for patients at the expense of increased workload for oncologists. Herein we analyze oncology SM content and report estimated cost savings from reduced traditional clinic visits. Methods: This population-based retrospective cohort study examined the content of patient-initiated SM threads exchanged through the patient portal website or app over a one-year period (6/1/21 to 5/31/22) at 22 Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oncology practices. A trained physician researcher reviewed a random sample of 500 SM threads and categorized them by message content type, acuity, and appropriate level of service. Standard costs were applied using the average of 2021 and 2022 Center for Medicare Services physician fee schedule and US patient average specialty copayment. Results: During the study period, 49,230 patients initiated 398,835 unique SM threads to 238 oncology providers. The average number of replies to patients' initial messages was 2.6, with a mode of 1 (maximum 36). Of the SM threads reviewed, only 28.0% required oncologist expertise. Based on thread content, the remaining 72.0% may have been better managed by a nurse (35.4%), medical assistant (29.2%), primary care doctor (6.2%), or a different subspecialty provider (1.2%). Emergency care was required in 2.8% of the total threads reviewed. Significant medical care was provided to patients in 26.0% of the total SM threads which would traditionally require a billable visit (i.e., in-person, telephone, or video). We estimate that these clinical actions may represent 4,299,281.77 of savings in medical care (based on traditional 10-19-minute visits), and 4,562,672.40 in potentially avoided out-of-pocket co-pay costs for patients. Conclusions: Increased utilization of remote medical care and specifically SM has recently generated additional workload for oncologists that may have been more appropriately managed by alternative providers. The magnitude of unreimbursed medical care provided via SM and the use of SM by cancer patients for emergent medical situations creates an urgent need for new models to assist with practice management. An alternative architecture for triaging, managing, and billing SM that utilizes artificial intelligence, machine learning algorithms, or medical assistants, nurses, and other providers could help manage the burden experienced by oncologists.


An integrated circuit comprising a high voltage MOS transistor, HV, and at least one capacitor, CAPA, wherein: the gate stack (11) of the HV transistor comprises first insulating layer (5, 7) based on a semiconductor layer (1) and coated with a first polycrystalline silicon (9); CAPA capacitor comprises a first electrode (13) in the first polycrystalline silicon, and a second electrode (25) in a second polysilicon (23) resting at least partially on the first electrode, an insulator (15, 17, 19) separating the second electrode of the semiconductor layer and the first electrode; first spacers of silicon oxide (39) laterally bordering the second electrode (25) and the gate stack (11) of the HV transistor; and second spacers of silicon nitride (41) bordering the first spacers (39).


Learning algorithms havebeenusedbothon feed-forward deterministic networks andonfeed-back statisti- calnetworks tocapture input-output relations anddopattern classification. Theselearning algorithms areexamined fora class ofproblems characterized bynoisy orstatistical data, in which thenetworks learn therelation between input dataand probability distributions ofanswers. Insimple butnontrivial networks thetwolearning rules areclosely related. Under somecircumstances thelearning problem forthestatistical networks canbesolved without MonteCarlo procedures. The usual arbitrary learning goals offeed-forward networks can begiven useful probabilistic meaning. Learning algorithms enable model"neural networks" toac- quire capabilities intasks suchaspattern recognition orcon- tinuous input-output control. Feed-forward networks ofan- alog units having sigmoid input-output response havebeen studied extensively (1-4). Thesenetworks aremultilayer perceptrons withthetwo-state threshold units oftheoriginal perceptron (5-8) replaced byanalog units having asigmoid response. Another kindofnetwork (9,10)isbased onsym- metrical connections, anenergy function (11), two-state units, andarandom process togenerate astatistical equilib- riumprobability ofbeing invarious states. Itsconnection to thephysics ofacoupled setoftwo-level units inequilibrium withathermal bath(like amagnetic system ofIsing spins withabitrary exchange) ledittobetermed aBoltzmann net- work. These networks appear rather different. Oneisdetermip- istic, theother statistical; oneisdiscrete, theother continu- ous; onehasaone-way flowofinformation (feed-forward) in operation, theother atwo-way flowofinformation (symmet- rical connections). Thelearning algorithms therefore appear quite different, somuchsothat comparisons ofthecomputa- tional effort needed tolearn agiven task forthese twokinds ofnetworks havesometimes beenmade.Thispapershows that variants ofeachofthese twoclasses ofnetworks, adapt- edtoemphasize themeaning oftheactual procedure em- ployed, often haveveryclosely related learning algorithms andproperties. Thisviewfinds useful meaning, intermsof probabilities, foraparameter that hasappeared arbitrary in analog perceptron learning algorithms. Somethree-layer sta- tistical networks canbesolved bygradient descent without thenecessity ofstatistical averaging onacomputer. Task Consider a setofinstances a ofaproblem. Foreachin- stance, input dataconsist ofanalog input values If(k= 1,


Northern Rhodesia is an outstanding example of what has come to be termed 'a dualistic economy'. Two strikingly different types of economic activity exist within the country. Along the railway line running from Livingstone to the Copperbelt production is based upon the use of modern technology and is directed towards money markets. Europeans not only administer and finance most of this production but also make up the bulk of the skilled labour force. African participation is limited almost exclusively to supplying the unskilled labour requirements of the productive processes. Outside this small line-of-rail area the nature of economic activity is drastically different. Production is carried on almost entirely by Africans who employ extremely crude technical means of production and who direct economic activity mainly towards meeting their own consumption desires rather than towards an exchange market. These producers possess neither the skills nor the funds needed to purchase the equipment and materials associated with the use of better techniques. Because no significant money markets for the output of the subsistence sector exist, there also is no strong incentive for producers to expand their output. These two economic sectors are interrelated, but the nature of the connexion is quite different from the usual type of relation between two areas in an advanced country. Commodities produced in the monetary sector of the economy or imported from more developed countries flow into the subsistence sector, but they are not usually purchased with other commodities produced in the backward areas. Instead, large numbers of Africans in the subsistence sector migrate


The colour characteristics of pigmented coatings are determined mainly by the properties of the pigments and polymers and by the composition and structure of the formulation after application. But also the process of drying and the temperature of film formation change the structure of water-borne polymer dispersion coatings and, therefore, cause colour changes.


Ayurveda, the science of life, lays down all the preventative principles that are important in sustaining health. Ayurveda has described about the three pillars of life. They are ahara (diet), nidra (sleep), and brahmacharya (celibacy). Ahara (diet) is one of the most significant among them. It is noted that an individual can be disease free just by having a healthy diet. As a result, no medicine is equivalent to food. Kritanna varga is a group of processed food that comprises numerous food preparations such as manda (rice water), peya (thin gruel of rice), vilepi (thick gruel of rice), yavagu (gruels), yusha (soup of vegetables or pulses), ragah (sweet sour sauce), shadavah (confectionery), and so on. Yusha (soup of vegetables or pulses) is one of them, and it is well mentioned in Ayurvedic literatures and even in most of the conditions as a therapeutic diet. In Kaiyadeva nighantu- A treatise of ayurveda 22 yushas are mentioned in kritanna varga. Generally, yusha is prepared with one part of dhanya (rice) and eighteen parts of water. If saindhava lavana, sunthi (Zingiber officinale), pippali (Piper longum) etc. katu dravya's (pungent substance) are taken and sneha (unctuousness) is added then it is called as krita (seasoned) yusha. Without katu dravyas (pungent substance) and sneha (unctuousness) it is akrita (unseasoned) yusha. Krita yusha is guru (heavy) due to sneha and akrita yusha is laghu (light). In all the yusha's mentioned in treatise, mudga yusha is said to be best.


Background and study aims:  A prepackaged low residue one‐day diet (breakfast, lunch and dinner) has been recently developed to improve patient tolerance for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of bowel preparation protocols based on a low residue diet and 4L polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution, and to compare these new options with the traditional liquid diet and the PEG 4L lavage.


Dual-homed (DH) UMTS networks (Fig. 1) are useful for handoff minimization, typically when the mobility of users is diurnal in nature [1]. However, if the conventional location management (LM) technique (e.g., IS-41) [5] be directly applied on such networks (the technique is named LM-DH in this work), it cannot make proper use of the additional connectivity for dual homing, resulting in no gain in terms of reduction in location update (LU) delay. So, in this paper, we propose a suitably modified LM technique (named LM*-DH) to taking advantage of the extra connectivity available in dual-homed networks with the help of a new location register (LR) entity, called dual-homed LR (DLR). DLR is co-located with Visiting LR (VLR) so that some of the global updates can be now locally handled by VLRs with the aid of DLRs.


The long-term effect of the newly emerged COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has not been fully understood. It has been reported that several patients experienced neurological and neurocognitive problems after getting infected by the COVID-19 virus. This paper will review how the COVID-19 virus has impacted the brain, will aim to detect the location of COVID-19 in the brain, and will determine if the neurological complications are a result of "direct" or "indirect" effects of the virus on brain cells. Additionally, we will focus on the neurocognitive impact of COVID‐19 and the potential of digital electroencephalography (EEG), quantitative EEG (QEEG) and standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) to be able to capture, assess, monitor, characterize and facilitate the treatment of both neurological and neurocognitive sequelae seen in COVID‐19 and long COVID.

https://www.sciencexcel.com/articles/EEG -guided Characterization  Monitoring  and Therapy for Neurological and Neurocognitive Sequelae of COVID   19 and Long COVID


Sample Trachoma datasets intended for use in the LSHTM "Learning Clinical Epidemiology with R" tutorial series. [1] 'hh_tf.csv' was produced as part of a household clustered cross-sectional prevalence survey of Trachoma. Variables are coded: trachoma/latrines/electricity presence (0=No; 1=Yes), Gender (1=Male; 2=Female). [2] 'TF_CSR.csv' was produced as part of a cohort study looking at incidence of trachoma and ocular chlamydia in the Gambia. Clinical evidence of Trachoma are coded categorically (TF = Trachomatous Inflammation – Follicular; TI = Trachomatous inflammation, intense; TS = Trachomatous scarring; TT = Trachomatous trichiasis; N = Normal). Results of Eyelid swabs are coded 1=PCR Negative; 2=PCR Positive.


Funding information Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft, Grant/Award Number: 742 397; European Commission, Grant/Award Number: 613960 Abstract The inbreeding coefficients are considered in breeding decisions, and the inverse numerator relationship matrix A is a prerequisite for breeding value estimation. Polyandry and haploid males are among the specifics of relationships between honey bees. Brascamp and Bijma (2014) averaged out the manifold possible relationships among honey bees that appear to have the same parents in a pedigree and assigned a single entry in A to animals that behave as a unit, for example, the workers of a hive. Their methods of calculation connected full‐sibs in the variance matrix of the Mendelian sampling terms D, via nonzero off‐diagonal elements. This impedes the inversion of A and the closely connected calculation of inbreeding coefficients, because efficient algorithms for this task take D to be a diagonal matrix. Memory limitations necessitate their use for large data sets. We adapted the quickest of them to the block diagonal matrix D, that is postulated for the honey bee. To our knowledge, the presented algorithm is the first one that facilitates the method of Brascamp and Bijma (2014) on large data sets.


This article provides insights into ways in which project studies can be extended to make further impact on and contributions to other research domains, including more general management and organization studies. Inspired by literature on the phenomenology of science, publication practices, logics of research communities, and theory building, we analyze some examples of project studies that reach beyond the project domain. Based on this analysis, we present an "escape artist's manual" consisting of strategies and practices for how researchers could think about and design project studies to enable contributions beyond the home domain.


A method for manufacturing a magneto-optical recording medium where an optical recording film is formed on an optical phase pit formed in a substrate. From the magneto-optical recording medium, both of a phase pit signal and a signal recorded in the recording film formed on the optical recording film are optically reproduced. By changing the gas pressure during the sputtering of the recording film on the substrate, the modulation degree of the phase pit is adjusted. This enables production of an inexpensive and uniform optical recording medium where the jitters of the RAM signal and phase pit signal are reduced to less than 10% of a desired one.


A spiral case structure (SCS) plays a significant role in the safe and reliable operation of a hydroelectric power plant (HPP). In an HPP with 700 MW class turbine in China, a structural deformation accident happened in the construction period causing severe loss. Based on in-situ measured data, this study focuses on two major differences of this SCS that might cause the accident: (a) the construction condition, and (b) the shape of steel spiral case (SSC). The accident is reproduced in numerical study, and the simulation results agree reasonably well with in-situ measured data. The results show that the construction condition is a main factor causing the accident, but it is not the only cause of the raising deformation. The findings reveal that the post-accident stresses of steel structures are still at a relatively low level, and it would not be a major concern. The study also shows that the SSC with non-circle sections tends to have larger deformation under internal water pressure, and the deformation of the stay ring needs more attention in the construction period. The major limitation of this study is that this study merely focuses on the construction period. If such SCSs were to be used in a wider range, a follow-up study focusing on the operation period should be considered.


The optical fiber adapter block is provided. Optic adapter block is at least 3 comprises an optical fiber adapter, where the front end portions are aligned at a first depth of the adapter of one one filter of the at least three optical fiber adapter provided in a stacked arrangement extending in the transverse direction in the longitudinal direction and the fore end of the first depth and the second depth so that a different, one of a filter of at least three fiber optic adapter of the adapter adjacent adapter is arranged offset in the longitudinal direction relative to the adjacent adapter.


A mobile ad hoc network (MANETs) consists of mobile wireless nodes where inter-node communication is carried out without centralized control. MANETs, therefore requires self organization and self configurability. The mobility feature of MANETs enables nodes to move arbitrarily. Each mobile node can receive and forward packets as a router; therefore routing is one of the critical parts of MANETs. In this paper, the performance of four routing protocols i.e. AODV, DSR, TORA and OLSR is compared to static node and mobile node using delay, data rate and throughput as performance metrics. On the basis of these comparisons the best routing protocol for MANETs has been proposed.


System (1) start monitoring premises (10), comprising: - means for controlling access to these premises (10) comprising a personal identification means, means (LA-LE) to read these media personal identification, and means (CS) to treat and to grant a request for access to these premises (10), - means for detecting any intrusion or unauthorized presence in said premises (10), comprising means perimeter detection (P1-P8) for detecting any intrusion into a particular perimeter around said premises (10), means volumetric detection (V1-V3) for detecting any presence in predetermined local these areas, comprising the system (1) further scheduling plan that defines some periods of work and periods of commissioning a surveillance corresponding to a commissioning deteccionde media intrusion, the control means ac cess and the means of intrusion detection cooperate to report the activation of the means of volumetric detection (V1-V3) within abrogation (TD) default every time said control means access validate, during periods of start surveillance, a presence or an access request of an authorized person provided with personal identification means, characterized in that means perimetric detection (P1-P8) are kept activated during reports activation of the means of volumetric detection (V1-V3).


Bone‐marrow aspiration smears of 38 cases of acute leukemia (19 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 19 acute nonlymphocytic leukemia) were stained for argyrophilic nucleolar organiser regions (AgNOR). AgNOR were assessed numerically and morphologically. There were highly significant differences in AgNOR morphology between acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia ANLL: lymphoblast AgNORs were usually small (<3 μm) "dots/chips," whereas myeloblasts showed larger "blebs," or a combination of the two types (complex structures). AgNOR number was significantly less in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In acute nonlymphocytic leukemia cases, AgNOR number also showed direct correlation with Ki67 reactivity of leukemic blasts. Am. J. Hematol. 61:149–152, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Nowadays, various media platforms play an inevitable role in regular life in such a way that we couldn't even think of living without these digital platforms. These digital platforms including e-learning systems are excellent for disseminating knowledge such as text, photos, and other pieces of data. Topic classification analysis on these systems have recently attracted a great deal of attention and this is expected to continue. It is the use of non-traditional media platforms that distinguishes them from other forms of communication. As a result, there is an urgent need for efficient methods of assessing the vast quantity of token variants that occur on a regular basis in the digital world. A piecewise Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) classification-based algorithm for categorization is proposed in this study. For the representation of textual features, the TF -IDF term weighting system with unigram, bigram, and trigram is used. To boost the effectiveness of the proposed system, partially ordered microword representations of tweets with changing look ahead distances are used. The proposed model is simulated with partial order microwords representation of tweets having lookahead distance 1 and it achieved an enhanced accuracy of 90.73%.


"We are pleased with our financial results and the overall business performance of the bank on behalf of our customer-owners," said Thomas Halverson, CoBank's president and chief executive officer. "We have benefited from a number of non-recurring items in 2018, while the underlying performance of our core business has also been strong. CoBank remains in excellent financial condition and well-positioned to meet the needs of its customers across rural America."


The author of the given article analyzes the piano composition by Snejana Pâslari "Trei portrete musicale" examined in terms of its content and form. The conclusion is made that the musical language and the specifics of composition and dramaturgy of this composition are determined by its artistic idea and the composer's individual style related to the implementation of the late romanticism stylistic paradigm.


An improved engine torque control for an automatic trans mission poWer-on doWnshift, Wherein a dynamic model of the transmission is used to schedule both shift progression and engine torque reduction based on a desired trajectory of the transmission input shaft during the shift and the driver torque demand. The shift is initiated With the off-going clutch by using the dynamic model to conform the input speed to the desired trajectory, and the torque reduction is initiated based on an estimate of the time to synchronization relative to an expected control delay so that the torque reduction occurs When the input speed reaches synchroni Zation. An appropriate torque reduction amount is calibrated for a speci?ed driver torque demand, and in operation, the amount of torque reduction for a given shift is determined based on the current driver torque demand and a detected deviation of the desired trajectory from a nominal trajectory corresponding to the speci?ed driver torque demand. Aber rant conditions, including failure of the input speed to reach synchronization and input speed ?aring are detected and used to modify the engine torque control so that the shift is completed in a timely manner. Using the dynamic model to scheduling the torque control achieves more consistent shift feel and improved adaptability to different poWertrain and vehicle-type con?gurations, and reduces the number of calibrated parameters requiring adaptive correction.


Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) represents 80% of acute leukaemia in children and 20% in adults. In most cases, the cause remains unknown; however, genetic predisposition is found in most patients. Clinically, a patient is diagnosed with ALL when peripheral blood smear or bone marrow aspirate is overpopulated with lymphoblasts. Although the 5-year overall survival rate exceeds 90% using available treatments, the life-threatening effects still affect some patients [1]. Therefore, further improvement in clinical outcomes and reduction of adverse effects require novel therapeutic approaches such as microRNAs (miRNAs) biomarkers. In addition, miRNAs have demonstrated distinct expression profiles in classifying the ALL subtypes and involved in various cancers [2].

Previously, miR-181a and miR-155 have been discussed, either acting as oncogenic or tumour suppressive miRNAs in carcinogenesis. The study aims to investigate the role of miR-181a and miR-155 and their predicted target genes in the pathogenesis of ALL. Hence, in silico analysis was conducted using miRDB 6.0 software to identify the predicted target genes and GeneCodis 4.0 software to identify signalling pathways regulated by miR-181a and miR-155. As presented in Table 1, miR-181a was found to be downregulated whereas miR-155 was significantly upregulated in ALL groups as compared to control groups [3].
Analysis of target expression was conducted to identify predicted target genes in ALL cell line, DND-41. In this study, the predicted target genes are regulated by miR-181a and miR-155 (with target score ≥ 80 and target expression ≥ 20) revealed 57 genes and 29 genes, respectively. The most significant genes regulated by miR-181a and miR- 155 were DUSP6 and H3F3A, respectively. DUSP6 is a regulator for hyperactivation of the extracellular signal- regulated kinase (ERK) in relapsed pre-B ALL patients. Thus, this reaction caused lesions in the RAS pathway and oncogenic tyrosine kinases (e.g., BCR-ABL1).

Additionally, a complete transformation of pre-B ALL clones was done by BCR-ABL1 and correlated with the activity of other MAPKs such as MAPK14 and MAP2K1. Therefore, ERK was identified as a negative feedback regulator of the RAS-ERK pathway [4].

H3F3A was reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of paediatric leukaemia caused by mutated genes that encoded proteins during epigenetic regulation. The mutation in H3F3A led to the inability of this residue to undergo periodic regulatory post-translational modifications and blocked trimethylation of all H3 during T-ALL pathogenesis. Specifically, the recurrent T-ALL patients found the lysine-to-arginine mutations at H3K27 and H3K36. Hence, the reduced expression of H3 proteins was associated with unfavourable prognosis [5].

The functional enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway was conducted by using GeneCodis 4.0 software. The most significant pathway targeted by miR-181a and miR-155 was p53 signalling pathway and MAPK pathway, respectively.

SESN3 was mainly responsive to p53 protein by inducing its expression upon oxidative stress and strictly associated with the antioxidant response during p53 signalling pathway. Hence, SESN3 could be a potential therapeutic drug for anticancer therapy, such as decreased mTORC1 mechanism in leukaemia patients [6]. Besides that, FOS was disrupted the MAPK pathway components, specifically MEK1 and MEK2 which could increase sensitivity to chemotherapy in relapsed ALL patients. These components were involved in ERK phosphorylation that critically drives chemoresistance during MAPK/ERK signalling pathway [7].

In conclusion, differentially expressed miRNAs have promising roles and can be used as effective biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, predictive and therapeutic effects in ALL patients.


Purpose Weight loss in wrestling has been found to be an interesting issue for researchers. In this regard, complications of weight loss in wrestlers before the competitions and their weight gain in course of competitions have been debated in previous studies. The objective of this study was to investigate the extent of weight gain and to estimate the percentage of body fat in participants in the Tehran high school male wrestling championship. Methods This study was a cross sectional survey. Subjects were participants of the Tehran high school male wrestling championship (n = 365). Weight gain in course of competitions and body fat levels (based on skin fold measurements) of subjects were measured. Results Between the first weigh-in of the wrestlers which was done one day before the competitions and the second weigh-in which was conducted immediately before the first round of their first competition (20 hours), 69% of subjects gained on average 1.3±0.9 kg (range: 0.1 to 6.10 kg) or 2.2±1.7% of the wrestler's weight (range: 0.1 to 9.3). Among the subjects, the mean of fat body percentage was found to be 15.2%. Conclusions Rapid weight loss for matches was prevalent among subjects. It was also found that Iranian wrestlers have a relatively higher body fat percentage in comparison to American wrestlers. Therefore, it can be concluded that weight loss behavior of these wrestlers should be changed from using dehydration methods to using gradual methods of weight loss such as fat reduction methods.


Abstract Summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, aquaculture has shown promise over the recent past and a considerable body of knowledge is amassing for this species of flatfish. Even with the amassing data, basic information on environmental parameter ranges to maintain in indoor culture systems is still lacking. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to elucidate a temperature range that may be best suited for juvenile summer flounder production in indoor recirculating aquaculture. A 10-week study was designed to address 19, 24 and 29°C as potential temperatures for the culture of summer flounder. Fish averaging 9.5 g initial weight were stocked into triplicate 20-L aquaria per treatment after conditioning to their respective temperatures for 1 week. Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily a 50% crude protein fingerling diet and weighed every 2 weeks to assess growth rates. Juvenile summer flounder grew better at 24 and 29°C (167 and 197% increase initial weight, respectively) than at 19°C (97% increase in initial weight) with increased individual fish variation within a treatment as temperature increased above 19°C. Feed efficiency was greatest at 24 and 29°C (0.65 and 0.57, respectively), but survival decreased at temperatures above 19°C (93, 60 and 57% for 19, 24 and 29°C, respectively). There was no effect of temperature on the hepatosomatic index or interior muscle ratio, but the finray muscle ratio was slightly elevated when flounder were cultured at 29°C. The lipid content of the finray muscle and liver also increased at 29°C. Therefore, 24°C appears to be the best culture temperature for summer flounder with respect to growth rates and efficiency, but survival and homogeneity of flounder may be lowered at temperatures above 19°C.


This article is meant to serve as an introduction to the following series of papers on various aspects of conditional event algebra and probability logic. It addresses the history of the problem and gives an overview of the development of the subject and its impact on the investigation of problems within AI. >


Abstract No one should make judgments about ballets that no longer exist. Choreographer Bronislava Nijinska's surviving masterpieces offer sufficient proof of a a brilliant and varied imagination, inspired by her classical training; by the example of her brother, Vaslav Nijinsky; and by contemporary developments in the visual arts.


Professor Howard W. Stone of Brite Divinity School offers this book as an introduction to the problem of correlating theology with pastoral care and counseling. Stone observes that a primary block in this correlation is the "religion taboo" which has developed among pastoral caregivers, the majority of whom operate from the inherited tradition of liberal protestantism, existentialism, and client-centered therapy. Religious issues are often avoided due to fears of "appearing fundamentalist," giving pat answers, or forcing beliefs onto others. For many people, however, religious resources are an important source of meaning; they will normally adopt religious views not because they have been forced but because they seem right for them. With an argument similar to Thomas Oden's recent works, Stone issues a call for pastoral care to return to its historical roots in Christian theology and tradition which have been lost through its association with modern pastoral counseling and secular mental health practice. Stone proposes ten theses for the "new shape of pastoral care" which basically point to pastoral care's unique Christian context and the fact that its focus is preventive, supportive, and short-term rather than being directed toward long-term personality change and analysis of past history. As Stone notes, these theses are drawn from several standard pastoral care texts of the last two decades; therefore they do not reflect any new vision for pastoral care as one might have expected from reading the introduction. For a method of theological assessment in pastoral care, Stone proposes a "theological template" as a flexible conceptual framework for organizing the theological reflections of the pastor while in the midst of concrete human situations-what he refers to as a "trenches hermeneutic." This template is a series of eight basic questions which are similar to earlier schemes proposed by Pruyser, Fowler, Patton, and others; these include questions about the person's understanding of God, sense of sin, capacity for faith, view of salvation, and sense of hope. He illustrates the use of this template with a brief but helpful case example. The critical chapter on the world of God begins with a brief review of the biblical understanding of "word," which leads to Stone's assertion that pastoral care "involves both proclamation of the word and a mutual listening for it . . . the word is God's revelation to humanity, it establishes and extends relationship, it is the mode of communication of the faith, and it is expressed both verbally (as spoken or written) and visibly (as act)" (p. 56). Pastoral care must therefore communicate both the verbal and the visible word, though it has historically emphasized one at the expense of the other. A concluding section of this chapter entitled "word and technique" provides a helpful list of contemporary methods of communicating the word of God in pastoral care, including the use of personal story and biblical narratives as models for living. More development of this critical portion would strengthen the thesis on the dual nature of caring. The book then takes a somewhat surprising turn into the relevance of brain hemisphere research to correlating theology and ministry. Stone asserts that bilateral cognition, involving both logical analysis (left hemisphere) and intuitive imagination (right hemisphere) is necessary for a wholistic, intentional correlation. As with the verbal and visible word, pastoral caregivers usually tend to focus on one function more than the other. Stone then advances the thesis that spiritual direction, with its focus on the person's relationship to God, can provide the right environment for the correlation of pastoral care and theology. Stone's ideal for pastoral care is "a pastor trained in pastoral counseling who has learned from psychotherapy and has developed skill in spiritual direction" (p. 103). A helpful case


9 Introduction 10 Materials and Methods 14 Results 17 Discussions 19 Literature Cited 24 Figures 30 Chapter 2: Adaptive uptake in Microbial Communities Abstract 33 Introduction 34 Materials and Methods 3633 Introduction 34 Materials and Methods 36 Results 39 Discussion 41 Literature Cited 44 Tables 48


The interface between the human controller and remotely operated device is a crux of telerobotic investigation today. This human-to-machine connection is the means by which we communicate our commands to the device, as well as the medium for decision-critical feedback to the operator. The amount of information transferred through the user interface is growing. This can be seen as a direct result of our need to support added complexities, as well as a rapidly expanding domain of applications. A user interface, or UI, is therefore subject to increasing demands to present information in a meaningful manner to the user. Virtual reality, and multi degree-of-freedom input devices lend us the ability to augment the man/machine interface, and handle burgeoning amounts of data in a more intuitive and anthropomorphically correct manner. Along with the aid of 3-D input and output devices, there are several visual tools that can be employed as part of a graphical UI that enhance and accelerate our comprehension of the data being presented. Thus an advanced UI that features these improvements would reduce the amount of fatigue on the teleoperator, increase his level of safety, facilitate learning, augment his control, and potentially reduce task time. This paper investigates the cutting edge concepts and enhancements that lead to the next generation of telerobotic interface systems.


As "Children of the Century", Delacroix and Heine cultivate a common Bonapartism – which is patriotic in the one and anti-teutomaniac in the other. Delacroix' "Liberty Leading the People" and its commentary by Heine in the first article he sent to Germany from Paris open up to an elitist aesthetic. There is a close bond between Delacroix' sensual approach of the art of painting and Heine's "pantheistic" sensibility, influenced by Saint-Simonian ideas, which the poet associated with the Berlin Hegelianism of the 1820s. At the centre is the idea of the essential equality of freedom and reason, which materialises in History.


In 1999, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) began developing a high-speed, large-volume and low-power-consumption Solid State Recorder (SSR) for space-use. This aim was to develop a SSR for installation of Earth observation satellites that could store and process large amounts of data. A prototype of the SSR was completed in spring 2004, and an engineering model is currently being constructed. The main features of the SSR are 200GBytes capacity, 2.5Gbps data transmission speed, low weight (25kg) and low power consumption (120W). A 512Mbits Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM) with on-board multi-bit Error Detection and Correction (EDAC) mechanism, as well as a CompactPCI bus for fast data exchange, are used to improve the efficiency of data collection and storage capabilities. In this paper, we describe the main feature of the SSR system, and the technologies used in its development and manufacture. Preliminary results of several system tests are also reported. In addition, results of experiments with an older generation SSR on the Mission Demonstration test Satellite-1 (MDS-1), which sought to demonstrate a practical solid-state type recorder in the space environment, are briefly introduced.


Explores the competitiveness of India's domestic manufacturing across the supply chain; barriers and enablers to developing a domestic industry; and the cost of industrial policy support.


The objective of the study is to know 1) SMK response on the development of contemporary bridal makeup subjects, 2) The development of bridal makeup subjects, 3) Manifestation of traditional value of contemporary bridal makeup in beauty and cosmetology subjects in vocational school. This research uses the qualitative approach. Sources of research data based on information from beauty and cosmetology leather teachers, heads of cosmetology and beauty majors, three students through interviews, observation, and documentation. Qualitative data analysis technique with an interactive model. The results showed: 1) the SMK has not responded about the bridal makeup 2) The development effort was done, the students looking for the reference source of cosmetology and discussed with the teacher, following the makeup event (Carnival, Performance, LKS), 3) Manifestation of traditional makeup value contemporary brides the main influence of the development of the era and the role of information media


This empirical study examines the impact of manufactured housing (MH) on the values of adjacent site†built residential properties using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and large data samples for three counties in North Carolina, USA, for the period of 1994†2000. Both property appreciation rates (AR) and property values (PV) are examined with respect to proximity to MH. While ARs are based on a simple measure of value appreciation, PVs are estimated in a linear regression based hedonic price model, which is designed to captures the contributions of structure and location attributes to property values. Results indicate that the appreciation rates slightly decreased with distance from a MH unit in Buncombe and Wake, but the reverse is true in Pitt. The statistical analyses reveal that proximity to a manufactured home influences the value of nearby site†built residential property. Estimated property values show that the further away from a manufactured home, the higher the site†built property value, other things being equal.


Knowledge is one of the most valuable assets not only in the academia but also in the production field. It should be seen as a strategic tool valid from the perspective of the acquisition of information or from the practical use of the same (performance, competition), and as a key element of the learning process For this reason, this article emerges from the need to consider strategies that can be used to encourage the learning process of Fashion Design students , enhancing creativity, so necessary the future design professional to constantly innovate and respond to the demands of a changing world that remains in continuous competition.


This study addressed the characteristics of electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) pH sensors with array wells and sensing membrane stacks of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)/SiO2. The arrays of square wells were fabricated by nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and investigated using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The surface chemical properties of molecular APTES on SiO2 were investigated by water contact angle (WCA) studies and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The sensitivity, hysteresis, and drift of EIS sensors were studied. All of the sensing properties were greatly enhanced by using the techniques we propose. With these improvements, high-performance sensors can be fabricated for future biochemical applications.


In order to know the aging properties of epoxy-polyamide adhesive in thermal environment condition,the aging behavior of the adhesive was studied at different aging temperature.The heat-aging behavior and mechanism of the adhesive were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and thermogravimetry analysis(TGA).The results showed that the bonding strength of epoxy adhesive was obviously reduced as increasing of aging time and the decreased extent was bigger as increasing of aging temperature.The main reason of property decrease of epoxy adhesive was thermal oxidization reaction leading to degradation of epoxy adhesive molecule.


Red tide occurs every year in the coastal seas of the South Korea, This phenomena has become a national issue of environmental and economic damage. In this study, we analyzed a suitable conditions to occur the red tide by using oceanic and atmospheric data during 10 years, These factors were applied to predict the red tide occurrence from 2012 to 2014. As a result, in 2012 and 2013, it is able to alarm the red tide occurrence before 6∼11 days. However, in compared to the normal year and 2014, the prediction of red tide occurrence were less accurate because of more precipitation, short sunshine duration, low temperature waters. Therefore, it is necessary to further investigate the impact of sunshine duration(Solar radiation) on red tide occurrence, it is more necessary to consider the comprehensive analysis using additional oceanic and atmospheric factors.


ABSTRACT The study reconstructed the environment of a fan delta filling the vast end depression of the Skaliska Basin, and its overlying aeolian deposits. The formation of the large fan delta is associated with the presence of an ice-dammed lake functioning during the retreat of the Vistulian Glaciation (MIS 2). The examined material was collected from five boreholes. Sediments were analysed for their granulometric composition and subjected to analyses of frosting and rounding of quartz grains. Grain size analysis showed that the fan delta deposits are built of sand sediments of very low lateral and vertical variability. The fan delta was supplied with fluvioglacial sediments. Accumulation of sediments occurred in shallow water with a very low-gradient slope. The exposed fan delta became a site conducive to aeolian processes after the lake waters fell and the Skaliska Basin depression dried. Dune deposits overlying the fan were affected by short-distance transport so they did not acquire features typical for aeolian deposits.


In order to achieve high sensitivity for low-light-level CMOS image sensors (CIS), a capacitive transimpedance amplifier (CTIA) pixel circuit with a small integration capacitor is used. As the pixel and the column area are highly constrained, it is difficult to achieve analog correlated double sampling (CDS) to remove the noise for low-light-level CIS. So a digital CDS is adopted, which realizes the subtraction algorithm between the reset signal and pixel signal off-chip. The pixel reset noise and part of the column fixed-pattern noise (FPN) can be greatly reduced. A 256×256 CIS with CTIA array and digital CDS is implemented in the 0.35μm CMOS technology. The chip size is 7.7mm×6.75mm, and the pixel size is 15μm×15μm with a fill factor of 20.6%. The measured pixel noise is 24LSB with digital CDS in RMS value at dark condition, which shows 7.8× reduction compared to the image sensor without digital CDS. Running at 7fps, this low-light-level CIS can capture recognizable images with the illumination down to 0.1lux.


The JOICFP approach concerning "Community Operated Reproductive Health," is to improve the quality of life of people at the grassroots in the developing countries through the promotion of human-centered reproductive health and family planning (RH/FP). One of the most significant aspects of the program is project sustainability that helps maintain community commitment to and ownership of the RH/FP projects. To ensure the quality of care, data is collected and discussed among community members and the projects are adjusted accordingly. Accessibility, availability, acceptability and affordability of services are emphasized as well as the provision of appropriate information and professional standards of care.


Advantages of treatment using programmed relaparatomia with incisional wound contraction by means of pull-out draining muscular aponeurotic sutures (PODMAS) were demonstrated on the data of 604 patients suffering from widespread peritonotis. Decrease of mortality was shown in the process of differential closure of laparotomia wound by PODMAS under normal abdominal pressure or by cutaneous sutures under high abdominal pressure. Tissue tension or free flap plasty of split-skin graft is allowable in the case of closure impossibility of operative approach by sutures due to the abdominal wall defect.


Stress fractures are defined as spontaneous fractures of normal bone that are the result of repetitive stresses that are themselves harmless. Although the metatarsal shaft is the most common location of a stress fracture in the general population, the base of the second metatarsal is by far the most common site in ballet dancers. Few series published in the orthopaedic literature report a quick recovery of this fracture after conservative treatment, and cases of nonunion have not been previously reported. We report a nonunion at the base of the second metatarsal, secondary to a stress fracture, in a 24-year-old professional ballet dancer with successful outcome after surgical repair.


1 Demand forecast of the motorcycle market It is forecasted that the market demand formotorcycle will be 12 million-13 million units by 2005. Within a certain period of time in the future, the demand for motorcycles will assume a wild increase. The market competition will shift from mere price war to the product quality, cost, varieties (especially the environmentally friendly ones), brand and after-sales service. Over the past decade, a good part of medium and big cities as well as coastal opening areas have


Recent years have witnessed an explosion of different genomic approaches which, through a combination of advanced biological, instrumental and bioinformatic techniques, can yield a previously unparalleled amount of data concerning the molecular and biochemical status of organisms. Fueled partially by large, well-publicized efforts such as the human genome project, genomic research has become a rapidly growing topical area in multiple biological disciplines. Since 1999 when the term toxicogenomics was coined to describe the application of genomics to toxicology, a citation analysis reveals a rapid increase in publications dealing with the topic. The potential utility of toxicogenomics in toxicological research and regulatory activities has been the subject of scientific discussions and, as with any new technology, there is a wide range of opinion. The purpose of this feature article is to consider roles of toxicogenomics in the field of regulatory ecotoxicology, explore current limitations in the science and practice of genomics, and propose possible avenues to approach and resolve some of the major challenges. A significant amount of input to our analysis came from a workshop sponsored by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in Pellston, MI in September, 2005.


This paper presents a theoretical investigation on the effectiveness of open and in-filled trenches in reducing the building vibrations due train passage. A two-dimensional profile containing the cross section of a railway embankment, underlying soil, trench barrier and a nearby 6-story building frame is considered for the analysis. A time domain coupled boundary element-finite element algorithm is modified to handle the current problem and employed for the analysis. Therefore, unlike most of the previous researches, this model completely considers the soil-structure interaction effects and directly determines the effect of the barrier on the structure response. An extensive parametric study is carried out to investigate the effects of geometrical and material properties of the trench and the backfill material. The results pointed out that a reduction level up to 80% of the building vibrations and internal forces could be achieved by using trench barrier. Increasing the trench depth or width can enhance its reduction effect and the softer backfill material resulted in better isolation effect.


This article is concerned with the periodic tracking control problem for nonlinear systems. First, the Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model is employed to describe the nonlinear control systems. Second, considering the partly unmeasurable states of the system, a novel fuzzy observer-based repetitive controller, which is the mixed controller of the fuzzy observer-based controller and the fuzzy repetitive controller, is designed to deal with the periodic tracking control problem. To reduce the conservatism and increase the feasible solution space of the stabilization conditions, a new fuzzy relaxed matrix technique is developed by introducing some relaxed matrices in the derivative of the fuzzy normalized membership function. Then, the fuzzy Lyapunov functional with an additional separation parameter and the augmented fuzzy matrix technique (the interactions of fuzzy observer subsystems) are proposed such that the delay-dependent stability condition of the closed-loop system in the form of linear matrix inequality is obtained with less conservatism. It is worth noting that due to introducing an additional parameter in the fuzzy Lyapunov functional, the fuzzy controller and fuzzy observer can be separately designed, which largely enhances the flexibility of design with low computational complexity. Finally, three examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and less conservatism of the proposed method.


Review(s) of: The butterflies of Costa Rica and their natural history: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, by Philip J. DeVries, 1987, 327pp., 50 colour pis, Princeton University Press, Australian distributor Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, Victoria, Australian RRP $51.00 (paperback).


The photoreaction of the furan‐side moiety of 5‐methoxypsoralen (5‐MOP) with thymidine used as a DNA model compound was investigated in the dry state. Under these conditions, two main fluorescent photoadducts were formed and isolated by HPLC. The two modified nucleosides were characterized as the two cis‐syn diastereoisomers of furan‐side monoadducts of 5‐MOP to thymidine on the basis of spectroscopic measurements including UV, fluorescence, 1H‐NMR and circular dichroism analysis. The identification and quantification of the latter photoproducts within naked DNA exposed to photoexcited 5‐MOP were achieved by enzymatic digestion completed by HPLC separation and fluorescence detection. Similarly, the two cis‐syn furan‐side monoadducts were found to be formed in the DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells after incubation with 5‐MOP and subsequent exposure to 365 nm at an incident dose of 38.4 kJ m−2. Under these conditions, the rate of induction of two diastereoisomeric photoadducts was as low as one modification per 106 and 2 × 105 bases, respectively.


We chart a singular landscape in the temporal domain of the inviscid Burgers equation in one space dimension for sine-wave initial conditions. These so far undetected complex singularities are arranged in an eye shape centered around the origin in time. Interestingly, since the eye is squashed along the imaginary time axis, complex-time singularities can become physically relevant at times well before the first real singularity—the pre-shock. Indeed, employing a time-Taylor representation for the velocity around t = 0 , loss of convergence occurs roughly at 2/3 of the pre-shock time for the considered single- and multi-mode models. Furthermore, the loss of convergence is accompanied by the appearance of initially localized resonant behaviour which, as we claim, is a temporal manifestation of the so-called tyger phenomenon, reported in Galerkin-truncated implementations of inviscid fluids [S.S.Ray et al. , Phys. Rev. E 84 , 016301 (2011)]. We support our findings of early-time tygers with two complementary and independent means, namely by an asymptotic analysis of the time-Taylor series for the velocity, as well as by a novel singularity theory that employs Lagrangian coordinates. Finally, we apply two methods that reduce the amplitude of early-time tygers. One is tyger purging which removes large Fourier modes from the velocity, and is a variant of a procedure known in the literature. The other method realizes an iterative UV completion, which, most interestingly, iteratively restores the conservation of energy once the Taylor series for the velocity diverges. Our techniques are straightforwardly adapted to higher dimensions and/or applied to other equations of hydrodynamics.


Objective To study the process for in vitro differentiation of adult adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) into islet-like cells.Methods Induced differentiation of the ADMSCs into islet-like cells was performed in three development stages-incubation in HG-DMEM supplemented with 2-mercaptoethanol for 2 days (stage 1),incubation in HG-DMEM supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF),epidermal growth factor (EGF) and B27 for 6 days (stage 2),and incubation in FBS-free HG-DMEM supplemented with 2-mercaptoethanol,B27 and nicotinamide for 6 days (stage 3).ADMSCs in the control group were simply incubated in HG-DMEM.Morphological changes in ADMSCs were analyzed under a phase contrast microscopy.Nestin and insulin expressions before and after induction were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and the products of Nestin and insuin expression by immunofluorescence assay.Islet B-like cell clusters from the third stage were identified by dithizone staining.Results The undifferentiated ADMSCs appeared as adherent long spindle-shaped cells.After induction,the cells gradually became round and formed clusters.Expression of nestin gene was detected at 8 days,and declined at 14 days when the insulin gene expression tested positive.Islet-like cell clusters were found to form that exhibited positive dithizone staining at 14 days.Conclusion ADMSCs can be induced into islet B-like cells with insulin secreting ability in vitro by 2-mercaptoethanol,epidermal growth factor,basic fibroblast growth factor,B27 and nicotinamide.


"LIBERTY of the press is usually discussed in connection with the possibility of laws which would tend to impair that liberty; laws which presage governmental influence in some form. But such laws are not the only source of danger. A narrow interpretation or limited application of the law of privilege in libel actions may be equally destructive of that liberty ... In such case liberty of the press would be throttled quite as effectively as it would be by the publisher's fear of losing his printing privileges under some law licensing his paper."1 To broaden Mr. Hall's statement, neither press laws nor the "narrow interpretation or limited application of the law of privilege in libel actions" are the only source of legal action which may fundamentally affect the press in the United States. There are still attempts, scattered though they may be, to pass "some law licensing his paper" against which the publisher must guard.2 And more fre-


Objective: To explore factors affecting serious hepatitis prognosis. Method:The data of 118 inpatients with serious hepatitis were analysed. Results: In 118 cases, fifty seven cases died(48.3%). Age and sex did not affect prognosis of serious hepatitis( P 0.05).The order of mortality was displayed: acute serious hepatitis chronic serious hepatitis subacute serious hepatitis ( P 0.01). Patients complicated with hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome or upper gastrointestinal bleeding had bad prognosis, and the more complications patients got, the worse their prognosis was, the higher TBI, TCH, Urea, ALB , PTA or lower PTA levels were, the worse prognosis they had( P 0.01).Conclusion: In serious hepatitis treatment, it is very important to closely observe function of critical organs for decreasing complications occurrence. Repeated detecting biochemical indicator is key point to improve serious hepatitis prognostic.


This study investigates the use of nanoclay particles to reduce high density polyethylene (HDPE) thermal expansion for application in geotechnical engineering. Nanocomposite samples were prepared with various ratios of nanoclay and the addition of various amounts of four different compatibilizing agents. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion was measured using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. It was computed between 35 and 50°C. The degree of exfoliation of the nanoclay particles in the samples was assessed by transmission electron microscopy on specimens prepared with an ultramicrotome. A more or less significant reduction in HDPE thermal expansion was obtained depending on the compatibilizing agent. On the other hand, the compatibilizing agents tested did not appear to produce an exfoliation of the nanoclay particles, which remained in an intercalated configuration.


Aim To investigate the association of serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) and Periostin protein with coronary artery stenosis in coronary heart disease patients.Methods Serum hs-CRP and Periostin protein were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in 87 patients with coronary heart disease,of which 57 patients were diagnosed as acute myocardial infarction(AMI) and 30 were unstable angina pectoris(UAP).Coronary artery stenosis was characterized by Gensini scores.Results Serum hs-CRP and Periostin protein were significantly increased in AMI patients compared with UAP(P0.05 or P0.001) and they were in positive correlation with Gensini score(P0.05 or P0.001).The two protein were also in positive correlation with each other(P0.05). Conclusions Serum hs-CRP and Periostin protein were elevated in AMI patients.They were positively correlated with coronary stenosis and may predict the degrees of coronary stenosis in coronary heart disease.


Polystyrene bead foam mouldings were subjected to water immersion. The kinetics of the water absorption depended on whether there were open interbead channels near the surface of the mouldings. High strain rate measurements showed that the fracture toughness is low and independent of the foam density or water immersion for 24 hours. The fracture toughness is related to the interbead tensile strength, and SEM examination of the fracture surfaces shows that the fracture path is usually near, but not at, the bead boundary. The compressive yield stress decreases significantly after water immersion. The consequences for the testing of soft shell bicycle helmet mouldings is discussed


Life and Words: Violence and the Descent into the Ordinary develops Veena Das's past explorations on violence, shifting into more subtle registers as it seeks a new understanding about languages of suffering and the everyday effects of violence. Through her case studies of the Partition of India in 1947, and the Delhi massacre of Sikhs in 1984, Das seeks to show how the extreme violence of these events entered 'the recesses of the ordinary' (p.1) in order to gain a new understanding of how violence operates in cultures. Her book does not concern the actual events, but is a return to the fieldwork she undertook in the 1970s and 1980s amongst Punjabi families in Delhi. It is also a study of Punjabi kinship in everyday life, and an examination of the role of anthropology in shaping 'the object we have come to call violence' (p.1).


A questionnaire based upon the Theory of Reasoned Action was developed and tested to identify predictors of intention to use condoms. Behavioral intentions, attitudes and subjective normative beliefs, behavioral norms, and age of HIV-positive status were included on the questionnaire. Internal consistency of the four components was high, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.76-0.87. Qualitative data were collected over 2 months from 194 homosexual men who participated in Sydney's homosexual community. Participants aged 17-64 years of mean age 29.5 attended individual interviews or small focus groups to discuss their views concerning condom use. 15% reported having tested HIV-positive, 59% tested negative, and 26% reported not knowing their HIV serostatus. According to logistic modeling, the significant predictors of intentions to use a condom were attitudes and behavioral norms, while HIV antibody positive status and age directly influence behavioral intentions to use a condom. About 50% of men over age 25 years intended to use a condom, irrespective of HIV status. Overall, 59% of men aged 25 years and younger intended to use a condom; 22% of HIV-positive men and 63% of HIV-negative men.


Our lab developed 99mTc-NTP 15-5 radiotracer as targeting proteoglycans (PGs) for the scintigraphic imaging of joint. This paper reports preclinical results of 99mTc-NTP 15-5 imaging of an orthotopic model of Swarm rat chondrosarcoma (SRC). 99mTc-NTP 15-5 imaging of SRC-bearing and sham-operated animals was performed and quantified at regular intervals after surgery and compared to bone scintigraphy and tumoural volume. Tumours were characterized by histology and PG assay. SRC exhibited a significant 99mTc-NTP 15-5 uptake at very early stage after implant (with tumour/muscle ratio of 1.61 ± 0.14), whereas no measurable tumour was evidenced. As tumour grew, mean tumour/muscle ratio was increased by 2.4, between the early and late stage of pathology. Bone scintigraphy failed to image chondrosarcoma, even at the later stage of study. 99mTc-NTP 15-5 imaging provided a suitable set of quantitative criteria for the in vivo characterization of chondrosarcoma behaviour in bone environment, useful for achieving a greater understanding of the pathology.


he influence of MgCl2 crystal modification (α- MgCl2, β- MgCl2 ) on theproperties of supported catalyst for propylene polymerization has been studied bymeans of XRPD, IR and DTA-TG. The structural difference and similarity between α- MgCl2 and β- MgCl2 was still reclined in its milling produCt withdiisobutyl phthalate and in the catalysts prepared from α- MgCl, and β-MgCl2caaccers respectively. β-MgCl2 supported catslyst gives higher activity and lowerstcreospedficity than α- MgCl2. The catalyst prepared by using Mg (OEt)2 as carriershows higher activity and stereosghfidty than both α- MgCl2 and β- MgCl2 supported catalysts.


Advances of studies on Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of rape(Brassica napus),such as establishment of efficient plant regeneration system,effective method and appropriate bacterial strain and carrier are summarized.In addition,the problems of genes,aim gene and the choice of promoter,screening method,and stability of the external source gene are analyzed,and some feasible suggestions of optimizing Brassica transformation are presented.


Abstract : This thesis addresses several resource allocation problems that arise in the context of distributed networks. First, we present a scheme for accessing shared copies of objects in a network that has asymptotically optimal expected cost per access for a class of cost functions that captures the hierarchical structure of most wide area networks. Second, we present an off-line polynomial time algorithm that finds an asymptotically optimal schedule for the movement of packets whose paths through a network have already been determined. This is an improvement on a previous result by Leighton, Maggs, and Rao, who proved the existence of such schedules; their proof, however, was not constructive. Finally we present a polynomial time O(log n) approximation algorithm for finding an embedding of a network with n processors into an n-node linear array so as to minimize the weighted sum of the edge dilations i.e., for the minimum linear arrangement problem. This problem is NP hard, and the previous best approximation bound known was O(log n log, log n). In the case of planar networks, we bring the approximation factor down to O(log, log n). We also extend our approximation techniques to the minimum storage time product and the minimum containing interval graph problem.


SYNOPSIS

The existence of a 24-hour rhythm in the mitotic activity of histologically-selected zones of a mammary carcinoma, grafted in female C3H/Mza subjected to a regular illumination schedule (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.) is demonstrated.

Inverting the periodicity of illumination conditions (6 p.m. to 6 a.m.) leads to a shift in the times of maximal and minimal mitotic activity.

On both illumination schedules, the maxima of the mitotic activity are observed during the light period (rest) and the minima during the dark period (activity); this demonstrates that light is the factor responsible for the rhythm with both illumination schedules and excludes the hour of the day as such.

Results of other authors and the possible mechanisms involved in the production of this rhythm are discussed.


This article is the second in a series based on a presentation for the Advanced RF CMOS Transmitter Techniques Forum at the 2015 International Solid-State Circuits Conference in San Francisco. This presentation provided a technical background upon which all the other forum presentations expanded greatly.


Introduction Single-dopant-atom transistor is one of the promising candidates for future generations of nanoelectronics. 1-5 However, most characteristics of individual dopant-atom have been studied at cryogenic temperatures. In terms of applications, room-temperature operation is essential. At room temperature, the impact of individual dopants has been typically observed as threshold voltage (VTH) fluctuations in the electrical characteristics of transistors. 4,6 Recently, we observed that, in nanostructuredchannel SOI-FETs, new current peaks emerge at high temperatures (100 K) due to single-electron tunneling via a single dopant. 7 This was ascribed to the enhancement of the donor's ionization energy due to a strong dielectric confinement. In this report, we focus on the hump features that appear at more negative gate voltages (VG) relative to the peaks. These humps can be observed at high temperatures and persist up to room temperature, suggesting that they are due to deep-energy dopant-induced quantum dots.


Acute appendicitis is a common clinical condition, but sometimes diagnosis is delayed when appendix is at rare location. Subhepatic appendicitis is a rare condition. Diagnosis of subhepatic appendicitis is further delayed when there is cholelithiasis on Ultrasonography of abdomen. We are reporting a case of subhepatic appendicitis in young male with diagnostic difficulties and our experience.


Objective The clinical features of patients with mediastinal and/or neck hematoma after transradial cardiac catheterization were reviewed and analyzed to help the clinicians to recognize this complication,and try their best to avoid the complication and treat the complication properly.Methods A total of 8 patients with mediastinal and/or neck hematoma after right transradial cardiac catheterization in Fuwai hospital from January 1,2005 to the end of 2012 were included in this study.Among


This paper explores the use of pedestrian signalization options for crosswalks at one- and two-lane roundabouts to enable these facilities to be accessible to pedestrians with vision impairments. Motivated by uncertainties about the safety of roundabouts for blind pedestrians, audible pedestrian signals hold promise for safely regulating the interaction of vehicles and pedestrians at these facilities. However, the use of pedestrian signals at roundabouts is controversial because of the potential for queue spillback into the circulating lane and delays to vehicular traffic. The objective of this work is to quantify pedestrian-induced delays and queuing impacts of a pedestrian signal placed at the busiest approach of a modern roundabout. The analysis is performed using a calibrated microsimulation model and includes assessment of innovative solutions for crossing geometry and phasing scheme at one-lane and two-lane roundabouts. The results suggest that the impact of pedestrian signals at roundabouts is greatest as vehicle volumes approach capacity, but that vehicle delay and queuing can be mitigated through innovative signal configurations. The findings are important in light of recent discourse concerning the accessibility of roundabouts to pedestrians with vision impairments that may ultimately move towards a requirement for signalization for certain facility types.


and Homeostasis Model Assessment Index of Insulin Resistance (HOMA–IR) were evaluated in the entire MESA cohort and in metabolic disease subgroups using linear regression models incrementally adjusted for age, gender, site, race, lifestyle, traditional risk factors and medications. Cross-sectional odds of prevalent impaired FBG, metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes were calculated for GGT quintiles in the entire cohort and in subgroups defined by age (< or ≥65 years) and ethnicity.


The Triassic sandstone gas reservoir in Xujiahe formation is a type of tight sandstone fractured reservoir in Xinchang gas field of Sichuan Basin.The matrix porosity is very low,and the average porosity is just 3.8%.The matrix permeability is less than 0.3 mD,while the permeability of gas reservoir is mainly provided by fractures.Adopting the new generation global optimization discrete scanning technology in three-dimensional space,the seismic event occurrence can be scanned accurately.By means of anslysing the relationship between fracture density of wells and seismic geometric attributes scanned precisely,it is concluded that pixel imaging attribute is effective to predict large scale fracture and curvature attribute is effective to small scale fracture.The fracture development characteristics based on fracture analysis,making use of lithology and curvature attribute as constraints,starting from the well data,the density of the large scale fracture with seismic level and small scale net fracture can be predicted.According to the structure position and the producting condition of production wells,the area with fractures developed in structural high part is the advantageous area for exploration and development on condition that good reservoir is sure.


This paper reviews the development of a sector-wide concern with the improvement of teaching and learning in UK university-level institutions. It places such developments in the context of similar advances in other first-world higher education systems (Australia, Canada, United States) and identifies a number of imperatives which have shaped and driven the changes.The paper generally welcomes the move towards a greater importance being given to teaching and learning issues and to the professional development of academic staff for this aspect of their role. Although assessment of teaching quality has been operating for a limited period, the impact it has made on practice has been considerable and, in the main, beneficial. It is expected that many of the initiatives undertaken by universities to improve the quality of students' experiences will be endorsed by the current Dearing Committee and will be recommended as standard "good practice" for the sector as a whole.


The story of Constantinople's steady if unspectacular rise from a relative cultural backwater to a major centre of learning, destined to assume a unique importance following the elimination through Imperial legislation of the philosophical schools at Athens in the first half of the sixth century, and the loss of Alexandria and Antioch to the Arabs in the first half of the seventh, is paralleled by the story of the fortunes of what at an early date became the Patriarchal See of Constantine's new Christian capital. There, too, proximity to and a special relationship with the centre of autocratic government conspired with a similar set of historical circumstances, culminating in the Arab Conquests and the relegation to a status of helpless dependence of the ancient Sees of Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem, to secure the uncontested supremacy within Eastern Christianity of a relative newcomer. S-S.'s well-thought-out and competently executed monograph is concerned with important aspects of the first of these two closely-related phenomena. The six heavily subdivided but clearly articulated chapters that make up this book deal with the following topics: Constantinople as a city of learning; the ideal training for an Emperor as perceived and expounded in the literature of history and panegyric; the contents, scope, and nature of instruction as actually imparted by professional tutors in the Palace; the presence of professional philosophers in the entourage of the emperor; Imperial educational policy and the grammarians and sophists in Constantinople (easily the longest chapter and accounting for almost a third of the book); and, finally, religious policy and the educational system in Constantinople. Because of the attempt to include as many of the Emperors from Constantine to Justinian as possible and of the nature of the sources, coverage can vary from the relatively well-documented to the purely anecdotal. Chapters two to six contain concluding summaries which fit their sometimes disparate material into a useful framework of generalization and reflection, and chapter one is equipped with a short introduction. A certain one-sidedness is displayed, however, when the author (pp. 158-9), failing to compare like with like, puts Justinian's measure forbidding all but professing orthodox Christians to teach on a par with Julian's earlier measure directed against Christian teachers of rhetoric. By the end of the fourth century the performance of the cult both public and private (probably the most significant feature of Graeco-Roman polytheism) had been officially proscribed. Justinian's target was the last pathetic remnant of an emasculated 'paganism of the mind'. Similarly, it is misleading to contend that the earlier legislation of Theodosius II and Marcian was aimed rather at the followers of Nestorius, Eutyches, and Apollinaris than at a remaining hardcore of pagan intellectuals. Both the definition of heresy and its


Improvised Explosives Devices (IEDs) are a lethal threat to soldiers in hostilities. Until now, their use has been characteristic of the military conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan. Currently, IEDs are also used in the war in Ukraine. Their popularity is mainly due to easy access to explosives and pyrotechnics (e.g. from unexploded bombs), and chemical reagents, as well as specialistic knowledge that can be obtained online. These factors contribute to creation of effective means of combat, capable of destroying manpower and enemy's military equipment at a minimal cost and amount of work. Currently, problem of improvised explosives is particularly serious due to the fact that virtually everyone is able to make high-energy materials at home, using commercially available chemical reagents or obtaining them from unexploded explosives, and using simple tools. The matter is further complicated by the fact that, as a result of experiments, newer and newer explosives are created in "home laboratories". Those explosives are not yet widely known and tested, which increases the risk associated with IED. In this article, explosives used by terrorist groups and amateurs of pyrotechnics have been analyzed and characterized. The problem of universal access to knowledge and materials necessary to construct explosives was also discussed.


The possibility of a black contender for the Democratic presidential nomination has raised many interesting questions. Has the Democratic Party and its past nominees taken the black vote for granted? Can the black community reach a consensus on a black issue agenda? Can it agree on a candidate? Could a black candidate actually hurt black interests by dividing the liberal vote and throwing the nomination to a more conservative Democratic contender? Could the strategy seriously backfire in other less obvious ways? Do the presumed benefits, both symbolic and real, outweigh the potential costs? Could the threat of a candidacy be just as beneficial to black interests as the candidacy itself? Are there other strategies during the nomination process that could enhance black political power even more? Although the debate has covered a wide range of questions, one crucial question has been ignored: how many delegates could a black presidential contender conceivably win in 1984? While few experts believe that a black contender could win a majority of delegates, many argue that, if the contest is close between two other contenders, blacks could be "kingmakers," crowning the nominee in exchange for major policy concessions, patronage appointments, and, conceivably, the vice-presidency. If the nomination is not close, then a group of black delegates, at a minimum, would increase substantially black influence on important rules and platform decisions. Hopes based on these or any other convention scenario the mind can devise, however, depend on how well a black contender fares in the race for delegates. The larger his delegation, the more power he can potentially wield at the convention. Conversely, the smaller his delegation, the less power he will have.


A Heegaard splitting of an open 3‐manifold is the partition of the manifold into two non-compact handlebodies which intersect on their common boundary. This paper proves several non-compact analogues of theorems about compact Heegaard splittings. The main result is a classification of Heegaard splittings of those open 3‐manifolds obtained by removing boundary components (not all of which are 2‐spheres) from a compact 3‐manifold. Also studied is the relationship between exhaustions and Heegaard splittings of eventually end-irreducible 3‐manifolds. It is shown that Heegaard splittings of end-irreducible 3‐manifolds are formed by amalgamating Heegaard splittings of boundary-irreducible compact submanifolds.


Methods for the analysis of water status and transport in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum are briefly enumerated, with some personal comments on their reliability when used on plants growing in the field. These methods have provided us with a coherent system of data essentially free from major contradictions to the cohesion theory of water transport. It is shown that recent attempts at replacing the xylem tensions postulated by this theory with hypothetical osmotic transport mechanisms in order to accommodate data from the xylem pressure probe are not consistent with the bulk of results and furthermore are implausible in view of the energetic expenditure required.


Phensic, the analgesic made by Beecham Health Care, is now available as a capsule-shaped tablet. It is in blister packs of six, 12 and 24 tablets, and Poplock containers for 50 and 100 tablets.


Adverb acquisition is a major difficulty in the second language acquisition of Chinese.With various study angles,corpus and analysis methods,many studies were focused on the semantics,pragmatics,and the acquisition law and acquisition order of Chinese adverbs from the 1990s to the 2000s.Among these studies,the error analysis on the verbs could be divided into two orientations:pedagogical grammar and teaching research.The research on the acquisition order of Chinese adverbs has entered into a new phase,and a system approach for the measurement of the Chinese adverb acquisition is establishing.


Phenotype and gene frequencies of PIF (parotid isoelectric focusing variant) were determined in a series of individuals from eastern Japan. Among 422 unrelated individuals examined, 391 (92.66%) of PIF+ and 31 (7.34%) of PIF- phenotypes were observed; the gene frequencies were PIF+ = 0.729 and PIF- = 0.271.


Career development has taken on global significance as individuals prepare for work that increasingly crosses borders. Internationally, individuals and the career practitioners helping them are grappling with such issues as development of cultural competencies for cross-cultural work (Arthur 2000). The issues vary in different sociopolitical contexts (Santos et al. 2001). As Eastern Europe and China, for example, move to more Western-style economies, new ways of school-to-work transition are being sought (European Training Foundation 2000; H u 1997; Mansuy et al. 2001). Cross-cultural applicability of career development theories, models, and instruments is a focus of research (Lee 2001; Leong and Serafica 2001; Lerman 2001; 'Special Issue' 1998; Tracey et al. 1997). Women's successful career development also varies across nations (Charles et al. 2001; Linehan and Walsh 2001; Mavin 2000; Zabludovsky 2001), although the impact of family on women's careers remains a universal theme. International collaborations have resulted in a career development facilitators' curriculum (Carlson et al. 2000), transnational career theory (Sampson et al. 2000), and a web site for the professional development of career development specialists (Turcotte and Hiebert 1999). Across nations, common concerns include the ethical, equity, and quality issues of career development on the internet; the need for current, accessible labour market information; and stronger links between education and employment and between the career development field and policymakers (Hiebert and Bezanson 2000; Lerman 2001).


Viral replicases of many positive-strand RNA viruses are membrane-bound complexes of cellular and viral proteins that include viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). The in vitro RdRP assay system that utilizes cytoplasmic extracts from dengue viral-infected cells and exogenous RNA templates was developed to understand the mechanism of viral replication in vivo. Our results indicated that in vitro RNA synthesis at the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) required the presence of the 5′-terminal region (TR) and the two cyclization (CYC) motifs suggesting a functional interaction between the TRs. In this study, using a psoralen-UV cross-linking method and an in vitroRdRP assay, we analyzed structural determinants for physical and functional interactions. Exogenous RNA templates that were used in the assays contained deletion mutations in the 5′-TR and substitution mutations in the 3′-stem-loop structure including those that would disrupt the predicted pseudoknot structure. Our results indicate that there is physical interaction between the 5′-TR and 3′-UTR that requires only the CYC motifs. RNA synthesis at the 3′-UTR, however, requires long range interactions involving the 5′-UTR, CYC motifs, and the 3′-stem-loop region that includes the tertiary pseudoknot structure.


Randomized load balancing greatly improves the sharing of resources in a number of applications while being simple to implement. One model that has been extensively used to study randomized load balancing schemes is the supermarket model. In this model, jobs arrive according to a rate-nλ Poisson process at a bank of n rate-1 exponential server queues. A notable result, due to Vvedenskaya et.al. (1996), showed that when each arriving job is assigned to the shortest of d ≥ 2 randomly chosen queues, the equilibrium queue sizes decay doubly exponentially in the limit as n to ∞. This is a substantial improvement over the case d=1, where queue sizes decay exponentially.
 The method of analysis used in the above paper and in the subsequent literature applies to jobs with exponential service time distributions and does not easily generalize. It is desirable to study load balancing models with more general, especially heavy-tailed, service time distributions since such service times occur widely in practice.
 This paper describes a modularized program for treating randomized load balancing problems with general service time distributions and service disciplines. The program relies on an ansatz which asserts that any finite set of queues in a randomized load balancing scheme becomes independent as n to ∞. This allows one to derive queue size distributions and other performance measures of interest. We establish the ansatz when the service discipline is FIFO and the service time distribution has a decreasing hazard rate (this includes heavy-tailed service times). Assuming the ansatz, we also obtain the following results: (i) as n to ∞, the process of job arrivals at any fixed queue tends to a Poisson process whose rate depends on the size of the queue, (ii) when the service discipline at each server is processor sharing or LIFO with preemptive resume, the distribution of the number of jobs is insensitive to the service distribution, and (iii) the tail behavior of the queue-size distribution in terms of the service distribution for the FIFO service discipline.


This paper examines energy availability and patterns of energy use in the context of a single village in rural Bangladesh. From a quantification of the average daily flows of energy use by the study population in the village, the analysis proceeds to an examination of patterns of land ownership and of the relations governing transactions between members of different classes in land, labor, and crop residues. The final section assesses the likely effects of energy and rural development projects on different classes in the village. (PSB)


Abstract Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with disrupted sleep and circadian rhythm. Medication for ADHD may have side effects aggravating sleep-disturbances, however beneficial effects on ADHD may contribute to improve sleep. Aims This pilot study aims to examine outcomes of first time stimulant treatment on objective and subjective sleep characteristics, and psychiatric symptoms, in adult ADHD patients with pretreatment sleep problems, but without any primary sleep disorder. Methods In total, 9 previously unmedicated adult ADHD subjects who reported pretreatment sleep problems, completed polysomnography (PSG) and questionnaires on subjective sleep disturbances and psychiatric symptoms. Data was collected before and after 6 weeks on first time medication with immediate-release methylphenidate (MPH-IR), mean daily dose 43 mg. Results Subjects on-medication showed an increased percentage of Stage 2 sleep compared to their non-treated baseline (46.6% versus 55.2%, p = .011). Otherwise, there were no significant changes in PSG variables. There were no firm changes in daytime sleepiness or symptoms of sleep disturbances. Conclusions These findings should be interpreted cautiously given the open-label design and small sample size, and should be examined in larger studies with more rigorous study designs.


Ovarian maturation and haemolymphatic vitellogenic concentration of Pacific white shrimp L. V (Boone) fed increasing levels of total dietary lipids and HUFA


Melanoma is a highly prevalent cancer with increasing incidence worldwide. While immune checkpoint inhibitors have drastically improved outcomes for about half of metastatic melanoma patients, many are still resistant to these treatments or develop life-threatening toxicities. Around 50% of melanomas carry BRAF mutations that result in constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway. Therapeutic combinations of BRAF and MEK inhibitors (MAPKi) have proven very efficient against these tumors, but responses are not durable and treatment-resistant recurrence almost inevitably occurs. Our group recently uncovered a role for the histone demethylase PHF8 in melanoma metastasis, and demonstrated that PHF8 directly controls the expression of key components of the TGFβ pathway. Given that TGFβ signaling crosstalks with the MAPK pathway and contributes to resistance to therapy in various tumors, we decided to investigate a potential role for PHF8 in response and resistance to MAPKi therapy in melanoma. To test our hypothesis, we assessed the effect of modulating PHF8 expression in BRAFV600E-mutant cells and their matched MAPKi-resistant derivatives. PHF8 silencing did not affect cell survival or proliferation of parental, MAPKi-sensitive melanoma cell lines, but it re-sensitized resistant cells to MAPKi treatment. Conversely, PHF8 overexpression in melanoma cell lines did not affect their proliferation rate but increased the emergence of resistant clones in BRAFV600E-mutant melanoma cells treated with BRAFi (Dabrafenib) and MEKi (Trametinib) combinations. Next, we assessed the dynamics of PHF8 expression and TGFβ signaling in melanoma cells exposed to MAPKi. Treatment of MAPKi-sensitive cells leads to a fast and complete downregulation of PHF8 protein expression without a change in mRNA levels, paralleled by reduced TGFβ signaling, as evidenced by decreased SMAD2 phosphorylation. However, PHF8 protein expression is restored in MAPKi resistant clones. Therefore, based on our preliminary data, we postulate that PHF8 suppression by the MAPK pathway plays a critical role in melanoma response to targeted therapy and that its restoration contributes to acquisition of resistance. We are currently investigating MAPK-dependent mechanisms controlling PHF8 stability, and testing novel PHF8 inhibitors for their ability to bypass or overcome melanoma resistance to MAPKi. Our studies might provide basis for a novel epigenetic therapy as a strategy to maximize the potential of MAPKi therapy in melanoma treatment.
 Citation Format: María de los Ángeles Gómez-Muñoz, Nicole Eskow, Ines Delclaux, Rana Moubarak, Eva Hernando-Monge. Role of PHF8 in resistance to melanoma targeted therapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 396.


Antecedents. The application of the laparoscopy in the urology has been advance in the last decade, in our unit practices for three years. Objective. The present study is purely descriptive in the use of the laparoscopic bilateral nephrectomy in a single surgical time for patients with terminal renal insufficiency that therefore requires it. Material and methods. We selected to the patients with terminal renal insufficiency, being the indications: arterial hypertension of difficult control, vesicoureteral reflux, among others. With the patient in ventral position, we approached by three retroperitoneal route placing trocares by Artemisa medigraphic en linea


Signal and system are the core basic courses in electronic information specialty.Its stereoscopic teaching materials mainly include major teaching materials,reference books,electronic teaching program,multimedia CAI,test questions,and network for course learning.The establishment of stereoscopic teaching materials are favorable for combining imparting knowledge,cultivating ability with improving quality,promoting the modernization,information and network of teaching methods to improve teaching efficiency and teaching effect.


Emission spectra of p-xylene were measured under ion-impact excitation. There were a weak band of the S1-S0 transition of p-xylene itself and several intense bands of excited fragment species. The spectra were similar to those excited by electron impact, but the band intensity of the parent molecule was much weaker under ion-impact excitation.


One important factor that determines the successful implementation of mother and child policy is support from community especially the community whose be the target of the polices (clients) and also certain parties (coalitions) who have an interest in the policy. This paper aims to find clients and coalitions in the implementation of health mothers and children in Kupang Regency, which is one of the regions in Indonesia with the highest infant mortality cases. The method used is descriptive qualitative, by using one indicator in Najam implementation models, namely client and coalitions for analysis. The results of the study show that the implementation of Perda No 3 of 2016 as maternal and child health policy in Kupang Regency has not received support from the community, especially those who are the client of the policy. Therefore, it is recommended that the Kupang Regencial Government increase the socialization to the people in particular who are the clients of this policy


The 20th-century medical scene was very different from the freewheeling 19th century in which patients were subjected to a mixture of science and charlatanism from medical practitioners with widely varying credentials and training. The various state medical licensure boards began to exert more authority and work together in the Federation of State Medical Boards. The Council on Medical Education and Hospitals of the American Medical Association (AMA) published in 1914 the first list of approved internships in the United States, the American Board of Ophthalmology provided in 1916 the first board certification of a medical specialty, and in 1920 the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals appointed committees in each medical specialty to determine what training was necessary to qualify as an expert in that specialty field. In 1934, the American Psychiatric Association (APA), the American Neurological Association (ANA), and the Section on Nervous and Mental Disease of the American Medical Association joined in forming the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) with the goal of establishing examinations for certification in psychiatry and neurology. The first examinations by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology were held in June 1935 at the Philadelphia General Hospital. Changes over the years included adding in 1959 a certifying examination in the subspecialty of child psychiatry and adding in 1969 certification in ''neurology with special competence in child neurology'' (terminology changed to ''neurology with special qualification in child neurology'' in 1985). As the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology looked toward the 21st century, it determined that the Part II oral examinations should be replaced with the documentation of specific resident competencies during training and a redesigned computerized certification examination. Thus, the Part II oral examinations were phased out except for those individuals still qualified through their training in the older system prior to the new requirements. In September 2012, neurology examiners congregated in Indianapolis, Indiana, to perform the last of these Part II examinations and on the morning of Saturday, September 22, 2012, the examinations were held at Goodman Hall of Indiana University Health. The examiners for the child neurology portion of the examinations are listed in Tables 1 and 2. The team led by Director Patricia Crumrine performed the patient examination sessions and the team led by Director Ann Tilton (Figure 1) performed the vignette case examination sessions. The very last child neurology session, ending at 12:10 PM, was the vignette case examination of one candidate conducted in 20-minute periods in order by John Bodensteiner, Robert Rust, and Roger Brumback (a future trivia game answer to ''Who was the last child neurology Part II examiner?''). Much has been written about the various changes in the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology over the nearly 8 decades since its founding. Let us hope that the American