One of the main aims of antenatal care is to prevent maternal, fetal and neonatal adverse events by screening asymptomatic pregnant individuals. Historically, antenatal care programmes developed to detect hypertension and proteinuria as these were linked to the subsequent development of eclampsia. In an attempt to detect women at risk, this is what first led to serial examinations – and a shift from visiting women in 'outdoor clinics' to hospital based antenatal care. As far as I know, the first of these was set up in Adelaide, Australia, in 1910. In the UK, the introduction of such antenatal care has been widely credited to the efforts of Ballantyne, who worked in Edinburgh. He suggested that the high maternal and perinatal mortality rates seeing at the beginning of the 20th century reflected not only a lack of monitoring of progress in labour, but also inadequate maternity care before birth. Falling maternal and perinatal mortality rates in the 1930s were largely attributed to the development of such antenatal care programmes; in fact, there was little consideration given to the contribution from improvements in socio-economic status, sanitation and other medical advances. Improvements correlated well with the number of scheduled antenatal visits, and by the 1950s visits on a monthly basis until 28 weeks, fortnightly until 36 weeks and then weekly until birth became the norm. Over half a century later this continues in many settings. In 1972 Archie Cochrane noted that 'by some curious chance, antenatal care has escaped the critical assessment to which most screening programmed have been subjected' (AL Cochrane. The Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, London, 1972). But, to give credit where it is due, there has been a huge amount of work in this exact area over the last 30 years or so. In this issue, we have an important contribution from the group of Kypros Nicolaides at King's College Hospital in London on pages 2110–2115. He is a major proponent of turning the 'pyramid' of antenatal care (few visits early, many visits late) on its head: instead, why not undertake more intensive and detailed risk assessment early (Nicolaides, Fetal Diagn Ther 2011;29:183–96)? This means that effective implementation of prophylactic interventions can take place – such as Aspirin to reduce the occurrence of early onset preeclampsia in women at high risk (Rolnik et al. N Engl J Med 2017;377 (7):613–22). In addition, such a strategy allows us to 'stratify' antenatal care: individualisation of antenatal care means that women with a high chance of complications have specialist and more frequent follow up than those unlikely to develop pregnancy related complications. For many women and their doctors, the 'de-risking' is as important an element, as a less intensive approach can be taken with less medicalisation. In the paper by Nicolaides et al. (pages 2110–2115) another major aim of antenatal care is examined: detecting babies that are small for gestational age (SGA), an important risk factor for adverse neonatal outcome. The traditional way of


Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection emphasizes that in the event of separation due to divorce and other situations without eliminating the child's relationship with his parents, the child still has the right to meet and have permanent personal contact with both parents. However, the situation that occurs in society and the existence of a legal vacuum shows that often children cannot meet their parents who have been appointed as custodians because the divorce case decision has not yet become legally binding. This normative juridical research uses statutory approach and the conceptual approach. The concept of child protection regulated in the Child Protection Act and other laws and regulations also includes the protection of children in situations of parental household conflict and protection in situations where the legal process against parental household conflicts is still ongoing and has no permanent legal force. The researcher recommends a change to the Law on Religious Courts. In this case, it is necessary to add legal norms that stipulate those children must be handed over to parents who are holders of custody since the court decision is pronounced, or the issuance of a Supreme Court Rule as the legal basis for implementing execution.


s e169 group (95.4%). Geographical variations in hypertension prevalence at all scales (from provinces to health regions) also play a role, with lower rates in the western part of the country (British Columbia 16.0%) and higher rates in the eastern provinces (Newfoundland 23.2%). By using a geographical approach to analyze hypertension data, we hope to provide regionalized knowledge to public health decision makers, helping them adapt public health programs to regional characteristics. Full results from our research will be presented at the conference. PP.3.72 PREDICTIVE ROLE OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND OTHER RISK FACTORS AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY I. Sichkaruk, A. Yagensky, N. Sydor, L. Dukhnevych. Lutsk City Clinical Hospital, Lutsk-Ukraine Objective: Cardiovascular mortality in Ukraine is one of the highest in Europe. Study was performed to assess prevalence, control and predictive role of risk factors in patients (pts) after myocardial infarction (MI). Design and Methods: Representative sample of 333 pts with previous MI (69,6% men, mean age 62,5 ± 9,8 years) was selected from 2229 patients hospitalized in 2000-2005 with MI in Ukrainian city Lutsk. Mean time between MI and inclusion into the study was 902,5 ± 577,6 days. At baseline the homebased questionnaire, drug treatment assessment, blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests were performed. Cardiovascular mortality (CVM) as well as composite cardiovascular endpoint (CCE) of recurrent MI, stroke and CVM was assessed. Mean time of observation was 1559,3 ± 374,4 days. Results: At baseline AH prevalence was 84,1%, obesity – 58,0%, diabetes mellitus (DM) 13,8%, hypercholesterolemia – 55,4%, smoking – 18,3%, hypodynamia – 21,6%. CVM rate was 17,4%, recurrent MI occurred in 6,6% pts, stroke – in 8,1% pts without gender difference. Pts who died were older (66,0 ± 8,1 vs 61,7 ± 10,0 years, p < 0,01), had higher BMI (30,7 ± 6,2 vs 29,3 ± 4,6 kg/m, p = 0,046), systolic BP (158,6 ± 30,3 vs 149,1 ± 28,1 mmHg, p = 0,02), HR (75,5 ± 12,0 vs 71,0 ± 12,9 bpm, p = 0,02), blood glucose level (7,3 ± 4,0 vs 5,8 ± 2,2 mmol/l, p < 0,01). AH was controlled only in 21,3% pts. CVM in pts with uncontrolled AH was significantly higher (20,6% vs 7,0% in controlled AH, p = 0,02). CVM was also higher in smokers (26,2% vs 15,4%; p = 0,04) and pts with DM (34,8% vs 14,6%, p < 0,01). Age (β = 0,04; ð = 0,02, HR = 2,3), DM (β = 0,8; ð = 0,03, HR = 3,1), smoking (β = 0,7; ð = 0,02, HR = 2,0) were independent predictors for CVM in Cox proportional multiple regression analysis. CCE was reached by 26,7% of pts. Pts who reached CCE were older (66,3 ± 8,5 vs 61,0 ± 9,9, p < 0,01), had significantly higher systolic BP (157,8 ± 30,1 vs 148,2 ± 27,7 mmHg, p < 0,01) and blood glucose level (6,7 ± 3,6 mmol/l vs 5,8 ± 2,2 mmol/l, p = 0,02). Pts with uncontrolled AH more often had recurrent MI and stroke, and reached CCE in 30,5% vs 19,3% with controlled AH (p = 0,09). Age (β = 0,06; ð < 0,001, HR = 3,3) and smoking (β = 0,7; ð = 0,01, HR = 1,7) were found as factors independently associated with CCE. Conclusions: High prevalence as well as inappropriately low level of AH and other risk factors control was found in pts after MI in urban Ukrainian area. Higher systolic BP and uncontrolled AH were associated with CVM. But independent predictors for CVM in patient after MI were age, smoking and DM, for CCE only age and smoking. PP.3.73 EFFECT OF SEASONAL TEMPERATURE CHANGE FOR PATIENTS WITH FIXED DOSE COMBINATION TREATMENT C. Grassos, D. Gourlis, A. Pittaras. Hypertension Unit, Cardiovascular Department, Western Attika Hospital, Athens-Greece, Private Hypertension Office, Nea ErythreaGreece, Mediton Medical Center, Athens-Greece Objective: The current ESH guidelines do not mention if the patient's antihypertensive treatment should be modified during extended periods of heat, for instance during the warm summer months in the southern mediterranean regions. We aimed to evaluate the blood pressure of patients on stable combination therapy (ARB + CCB or ARB + HCTZ), who reported hypotensive symptoms (not verified by home BP measurement) during their routine summer visit to the outpatient unit and lived in the area of Athens. Design: The home blood pressure measurement diaries of the last 7 days prior to the outpatient office visit of 160 patients who had reported at least one hypotensive symptom the last 2 months and who were on stable fixed dose combination of ARB + CCB or ARB + HCTZ for at minimum of 6 months, were compared to the previous 6 months diaries. 75 patients were on ARB + CCB and 85 on ARB + HCTZ. Introduction: Arterial hypertension constitutes a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It has been shown that the appropriate level of knowledge on CVD contributes to the effective decrease in the development of CVD complications in populations. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the extent of knowledge on the causes and complications of arterial hypertension in randomly selected students from Polish cities: Kielce, Wroclaw and Zielona Gora. Material and Methods: The study was carried out in a group of 232 students (mean age: 23.14 ± 1.23 years), among them students from Kielce constituted 37.5% of participants (group I, n = 87), students from Wroclaw 29.7% (group II, n = 69), and students from Zielona Gora 32.8% (group III, n = 76). A special questionnaire filled anonymously by students was used in the study. In questionnaire questions on causes of arterial hypertension and its complications were included, as well as on dietary habits, physical activity, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, present health status, previous diseases, family history and environmental data. Results: Among causes of arterial hypertension the most commonly selected answer was overweight and obesity (93.97% of the answers), drinking coffee (75.43%), stress (72.41%), smoking habit (71.12%), alcohol consumption (67.67%) and excessive consumption of salt (66.38%). Some participants indicated migraine headaches as the cause of arterial hypertension (29.31%), drinking excessive amounts of carbonated water (10.34%) and the impairment of visual acuity (8.19%). The incorrect answer chosen most often was drinking high amounts of coffee (75.43%). On the other hand, the most commonly missed important factor predisposing to the development of arterial hypertension was the incidence of kidney diseases (only 28.02% answers suggested the possible relation). Students have chosen myocardial infarction (89.22%), coronary artery disease (70.26%) and stroke (67.24%) as the common complications of arterial hypertension. The majority of respondents (76.29%) did not indicate chronic renal failure as the possible consequence of arterial hypertension. Conclusions: Knowledge on the causes of arterial hypertension and its complications among students from randomly selected big Polish cities: Kielce, Wroclaw and Zielona Gora is not sufficient and corresponds with the lack of the knowledge on CVD in general population. PP.3.71 AGE AND GENDER EFFECT ON GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION OF HYPERTENSION IN CANADA: GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH DECISIONS MAKERS D. Leroux, L. Cloutier, C. Drouin, G. Tassitano Dit Spain. Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières-Canada Objective: Controlling hypertension is crucial for reducing cardiovascular disease among Canadian population. Even though public awareness of the importance of hypertension control has increased over the years, high blood pressure remains an important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, the understanding of hypertension condition in population and risk factors of this chronic disease present a unique challenge for public health authorities. Many studies have shown that hypertension is not evenly distributed in population and that sociodemographic characteristics play a role in hypertension distribution. Age, gender, race, health behavior and physical activity are among the most common risk factors associated to hypertension in many research studies. But these risk factors are not evenly geographically distributed in Canada and this is a key factor in the surveillance of hypertension from a public health and decisions maker standpoint. Design and Method: In this project, we used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey cycle 4.1 (Statistics Canada, 2008) with a sample of more than 130 000 people that represents the whole Canadian population from the age of 12 and over. Respondents are located according to the 121 health regions and questionnaires cover health, health behavior, chronic diseases, socio-economic and demographic aspects for each respondent. We used a geographic information system and geostatistics to assess geographical variation of hypertension risks factors within age and gender subgroups. From these subgroups, we analyzed geographical differences at the health regions scale and also from rural and urban areas. Respondents who declared hypertension and used medication were compared to those who declared hypertension but didnít use medication according to the same age and gender subgroups. Results and Conclusions: Preliminary results from our analysis show that the prevalence of hypertension among Canadians of 20 years and over is 18.3% (19.0% for women and 17.6 for men). Age remains a significant risk factor with a prevalence of 3.3% for the 20-39 age group, reaching 42.0% for people between 60 and 79 years of age. Propensity to take medication for controlling hypertension is weaker among the 20-39 age group (47.6%) than the 60-79


Feasibility of pharmacist delivered motivational interviewing (MI) to methadone patients has been demonstrated, but its efficacy is untested. This study aimed to determine whether pharmacists trained in MI techniques can improve methadone outcomes.


We have investigated the manganese diffusion depth and the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) properties in ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{As}$/GaAs/AlAs/GaAs/${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{As}$ tunnel junctions. Auger electron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis show that the Mn diffusion depth is less than 15 \AA{}. TMR measurements have been performed on tunnel junctions where different GaAs spacer thicknesses are inserted between the ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{As}$ electrode and AlAs tunnel barrier. Our results suggest that the GaAs thickness plays a crucial role on the temperature dependence of the TMR.


K. Shafranova, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Director, Zhytomyr Economic and Humanitarian Institute of the University "Ukraine" ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-8795 N. Tiahunova, PhD in Economics, Professor, Professor of the Department of Entrepreneurship, Trade, Logistics, and Hotel-Restaurant Management, Khmelnytskyi Cooperative Commercial and Economic Institute ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8966-3438 O. Nahorna, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Marketing and International Trade, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7573-0874


The present invention discloses preparation process of instant green tea powder. Through low temperature slow freezing to form largest ice crystal destroying the cell tissue of fresh tea leaf, the present invention reaches the aim of raising leaching efficiency; and through enriching process, the present invention extracts the chlorophyll and effective components from fresh tea leaf. The present invention has simple operation and low cost, and the prepared instant green tea powder is emerald green, scent and high in tea polyphenol content.


In middle Permian dolostone reservoirs, the most abundant pore type is secondary intercrystalline porosity. Generally ranking second in abundance, but first in many instances, are pores created by dissolution of anhydrite that occurred in the Permian. Much anhydrite was emplaced diagenetically during and following early dolomitization, as nodules, blocky porphyroblasts, and cement, and as combination cement and replacement. Generally, anhydritization was followed by an influx of a low-salinity fluid, which dissolved anhydrite - creating tertiary porosity - or altered it to gypsum, hemihydrate, silica, calcite, or fluorite. Dissolution of anhydrite nodules and porphyroblasts creates distinctive molds with angular and stair-step outlines. Dissolution of anhydrite, which was emplaced as cement and replacement, enhances the original primary and secondary pores by the increment that was replaced. This dissolution also produces voids with angular and stair-step outlines. Replacive anhydrite tends to nucleate within organic-rich components, such as burrows, stromatolites, skeletal grains, ooids, and peloids. Many dolomite crystals have cloudy organic-rich centers, which represent the original replacive crystals, and clear rims of epitaxial dolomite cement. Anhydrite preferentially nucleates within the organic-rich cores, and subsequent dissolution produces hollowed dolomite crystals or intracrystalline porosity. Intracrystalline pores constitute the predominant pore types within many intervals. Anhydrite commonlymore » replaces skeletal grains or ooids, and the replacement of such anhydrite produces a mold that replicates the original shell (biomold). It is possible to determine how many biomolds actually record dissolution of replacive anhydrite. The best Permian reservoirs contain intercrystalline porosity in conjunction with pores created by dissolution of anhydrite and grains.« less


"Results of surveys conducted by LASDEL have displayed the food crisis in a new light, far removed from the cliches put out by the media. The findings focus particularly on the decisive role of local improvisation and survival strategies: migration, farm wage-workers, "odd jobs", loans, "offering a helping hand", sale of possessions, and changes to eating habits. These strategies have been more effective than food aid. As far as aid provided is concerned, there are many misunderstandings and various sources of friction in at least three areas: distribution (suspected favoritism and lack of transparency with respect to criteria) and the use of food relief (resale); conditions for receiving aid, which have led to the use of "circumvention" strategies by populations; and the relationship to infant malnutrition (not directly linked to the "famine" and not perceived as a "disease"). Finally, the food crisis has shed greater light on who has benefited from it."


Stretchable ionic conductors with multiple functions provide new opportunities for flexible electronics, soft robots, and wearable devices. However, the practical applications of the existing stret...


When observing consumer behaviour, we find that the consumer carries out the process of purchasing decisions under the influence of several factors. These factors come from the external environment, from its individual characteristics, and also from the specific purchasing situation. The above facts show that consumer preferences and understanding of the behaviour is a very demanding process. This is mainly because consumers may behave differently, i.e. they may have different consumer behaviours that depend on their needs and desires. Therefore, it is necessary to know the factors that influence consumer behavior or the purchasing decision for certain market commodities. The presented research document is focused on the issue of consumer behavior and decision-making in sheep's milk and its products. Sheep's milk has a long tradition and is one of the basic building elements of human food. Consumer behaviour is constantly evolving, their needs and desires are changing as well as factors that influence their shopping behaviour. The main goal of the research is to draw attention to the personality of the consumer, to selected personality characteristics and social factors, and, subsequently, to evaluate their impact on purchasing behaviour and making purchasing decisions on the market of sheep's milk products. Primary data were obtained from a survey conducted on a sample of 796 respondents. Most of the respondents were classified in the sanguine group based on temperament an emotionally stable extrovert. When buying sheep's milk and its products, they make emotional decisions (57.17%). The most important factor in buying these products was their quality (47.16%). Assumptions were formulated for deeper analysis, which was subsequently verified by the means of a statistical test Chi-square of the square contingency. The degree of dependence between the examined variables was determined by the means of the Cramer contingency coefficient.


PURPOSE: An operation method of a terminal and the terminal for performing a communication with a signal transmitter in consideration of the capacity of a battery in wireless network is provided to extend the lifetime of a cooperation group by selecting the terminal based on a channel gain between the terminal and a target terminal. CONSTITUTION: A channel gain measurer(211) measures a channel gain between a target terminal and a terminal(210). A transmission power decision unit(212) determines transmission power satisfying the demand data rate of the target terminal. A report unit(213) generates a report message by using the remaining battery capacity and transmission power of the terminal. The report message is transmitted to a signal transmitting unit. The signal transmitter receives the report message from two or more terminals.


a. Systems Integration Systems integration -and by extension network management -is a big problem with all agencies with systems at more than one site (Bob Deller, Principal Analyst, Global Systems and Strategies, Vienna, VA). In the process, government network administrators are being asked to maintain security and eliminate redundancy, while simultaneously enhancing internetwork access to more power users.


Password generation is a very common security issue. Users are faced with the problem of choosing good passwords and trying to make sure that the password they choose is as robust as possible. In this project, we train a generative adversarial network with a generator that tries to generate guesses to break a password scheme and a discriminator that tries to prevent the generator from generating a guess that breaks the password security scheme. We try to compare this scheme to Hashcat and also evaluate the strength of our adversarial system using zxcvbn, a low budget password estimator developed by Dropbox engineers. We also compare the effect of creating an extended dataset based on random permutations and language rules on the guessability of user passwords.


In 1957 Sputnik startled a complacent America with evidence that Russia's engineering and education appeared to be ahead of our own. In a typical American reflex, we immediately decided to catch up, to make our accomplishments match our ideals. In engineering we succeeded spectacularly, but in education we have clearly failed. Where is the educational equivalent of a moon landing or space station, of the personal computer or decoded genome? First we tried curriculum reform (remember the New Math, followed by Back to Basics?) and summer institutes for teachers. In the 1990s we launched national standards, increased graduation requirements, and created new textbook series. Now we are trying high-stakes high school exit exams, and in the near future, annual testing of all elementary school students.


Radiation patterns emitted from a long-term evolution (LTE) base station antenna were first simulated by the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method. The validity of simulation results of radiation patterns was further checked by measurement data. After validating the accuracy of the FDTD method, electric fields at 123 test sites around a LTE base station in an urban area of Taipei City were simulated. Simulated electric fields were also validated by comparison with measured data obtained by a high frequency selective radiation meter with an isotropic E-field probe. Simulated and measured electric fields are in the range of 0.104–1.182 and 0.098–1.179 V/m at 1795 MHz, respectively. From obtained electric field strengths, it is ensured that the urban area is a good signal environment. The maximum power density emitted from the LTE base station is about mW/cm2 and is thus far below the safety standard value of 1.197 mW/cm2 for human exposure to RF radiation at 1795 MHz.


Introduction Prostate cancer rates have risen dramatically over the last few years, with a particularly marked increase evident in the under 65 age group (1). MRI is increasingly used as a diagnostic tool in prostate cancer but, despite its excellent soft tissue contrast, high spatial resolution and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging has a diagnostic accuracy of only 70%. With the advent of 3.0 Tesla clinical scanners and improved receiver coils it is now feasible to obtain additional functional information, including metabolite concentrations, and the ADC and T2 of water within reasonable scan times. Notwithstanding the increasing use of DWI in prostate cancer (2-4) there has been little work examining the relationship between ADC and T2 values and histopathological details such as cell density. This work aims to assess the diagnostic potential of these MR parameters via correlation with pathological data obtained from whole mount radical prostatectomy specimens in a group of patients recruited over a 3 year period. While additional staining including CD31 (which reflects microvessel density) and HIF-1α (related to hypoxia) will also be performed, this initial work concentrates on comparing cell density determined from hematoxylin and eosin staining with ADC and T2 values obtained from MRI. Methods To date, 65 patients have been recruited with 16 proceeding to radical prostatectomy. MRI was performed on a 3.0 Tesla scanner using a multi channel pelvic phased array. After conventional T2 weighted imaging, images at 4 echo-times (30-120 ms) were acquired using a multiple-echo fast spin-echo sequence to allow quantification of T2. Diffusion imaging was then performed using a spin-echo EPI sequence with b-values of 0 and 500 s/mm 2 . Patients then proceeded to radical prostatectomy if this was deemed appropriate based on the combined clinical and imaging results. After surgery radical prostatectomy specimens were coated with standard marking ink and fixed in buffered formaldehyde. Specimens were then sliced at 5 mm intervals in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the prostate to ensure correspondence with the MRI slices. An initial 3 nm microtome section from each slice was then whole mounted and stained with hematoxylin and eosin so that an experienced pathologist could outline regions of tumour appropriately. Five randomly positioned areas from within the most representative sections of tumour and normal peripheral zone were then digitally photographed at a 20× field and analysed using 'in-house' developed MATLAB software. This software utilises adaptive histogram thresholding to segment the darker stained cell nucleus thus providing an automated estimate of cell density. ADC and T2 values were then determined from the MR data using the whole mounted specimens as reference. Results ADC values were significantly lower (p=0.001) in regions pathologically determined as tumour (1.44±0.19 mm 2


Grid services are emerging technologies for the next generation web services. In this paper we design and implement a manageability framework based on Globus toolkit version 3. Two port types, one for enumerating resource ids and the other for enumerating associated resource ids, are proposed for Common Management Model and implemented in the framework. A number of Grid-enabled manageability services are developed for some of the most commonly used Linux resources, including disk partitions, Linux OS, and Linux processes. Various service operations and service data elements are implemented to enable manageability functions for the resources. Visualization panels are also developed to access these manageability services through the Globus service browser. The on-demand feature of Grid services distinguishes these services from enumeration based systems in which object instances are often created but never accessed.


Large differences in climatic, edaphic, and biotic variables were recorded among four aspects of a hill in the Southern Ruahine range over a twelve-month period. Productivity of the existing sward appeared to be strongly influenced by available soil nitrogen levels, and soil moisture status during the summer/autumn months. Pasture botanical composition was related to both these factors and also to soil available phosphate status. Some practical implications of the differences recorded are discussed with reference to farm subdivision, seeds mixtures and feriiiizer requirements.


This research empirically determined the cost efficiency of the farmers that participated in the IFAD/VCD programme in Niger State of Nigeria. The study elicited cross-sectional data of 2018 cropping season from well-structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule from a sample size of 110 respondents selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. The sampled data were analyzed using the stochastic cost frontier model. The empirical evidence showed that none of the farmer was on the cost frontier surface i.e. inability to attain optimal minimum cost in the cultivation of rice in the studied area. The identified significant idiosyncratic variables militating against cost efficiency were poor health status of the farm family, which led to extra cost incurred in labor substitution and diseconomies of scale due to their small-scale mode of operation. Therefore, the study recommends that the policymakers should sensitize the farmers on the importance of health preventive measures and should endeavor to improve on the existing basic health centers in both human capital and logistics. In addition, the farmers should be encouraged to explore co-operative marketing so as to take advantage of bulk discount in input purchase and have bargaining power in marketing of their output, thus tackling the problem of diseconomies of scale in their farm operations.
Keywords: Cost efficiency, Stochastic, Frontier, IFAD, Rice, Nigeria


The properties and low pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy of GaxIn1-xP/(AlGa)0.5In0.5P quantum well (QW) laser diode heterostructures with Al0.5In0.5P cladding layers, and having a wavelength of 614 < (lambda) < 690 nm, are described. At longer wavelengths ((lambda) > 660 nm), threshold current densities under 200 A/cm2 and efficiencies greater than 75% result from a biaxially compressed GaInP QW active region. Although short wavelength laser performance is diminished by the poor electron confinement afforded by AlGaInP heterostructures, good 630 nm band performance, and extension into the 610 nm band, is achieved with strained, single QW active regions.


Nanoscale desorption of the Si(100)–2×1 hydrogen terminated surface has been achieved using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. We have studied the patterned linewidth as a function of the sample bias and the dose, either with the feedback servo loop on or off. We propose a simple analytical model to explain the variation of the linewidth versus the electron dose. Finally, we show that the best resolution is obtained for pulsed voltages with the STM feedback servo loop on.


The chair of aero engines at the Technical University of Berlin operates a low speed compressor test rig used for experimental investigations on the influences of a pressure-gain combustion on compressor components. Current interests and major projects focused on the compressor stator. The wind tunnel shall be extended with a rotor to investigate the performance during periodic throttling invoked by pressure-gain combustion. To achieve the conception criteria a rotor was designed and subsequently optimized. This was done in a classic 2D approach utilizing the MISES collection of programs for cascade analysis and design. Amongst others, MISES was used for a systematical parameter study. Subsequently, objective functions were defined to select optimal profiles on each rotor blade design section. The blade design derived from the parameter study was then processed with the ANSYS CFD suite. Within the ANSYS workbench, a response surface based optimization was performed using a limited set of input parameters that define the blade geometry and a set of output parameters that quantify the calculated flow field.


Parents, it turns out, are not always responsible for their children. In a February 18, 2014 decision, the French Supreme Court (la Cour de Cassation) emphasized the need for individualized…


A novel amperometric glucose biosensor was constructed by electrochemical formation of a polypyrrole (PPy) membrane in the presence of glucose oxidase (GOD) on the surface of a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) modified ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FCA) mediated sol-gel derived ceramic carbon electrode. The amperometric detection of glucose was carried out at +0.16 V (vs. SCE) in 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.9) with a linear response range between 8.0x10(-5) and 1.3x10(-3) mol/L of glucose. The biosensor showed a good suppression of interference and a negligible deviation in the amperometric detection.


Purpose: Although the neuroradiological findings of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are well known, little has been reported concerning the imaging findings of paraventricular cysts occurring in patients with cytomegalovirus infection involving the brain. The purpose of this study is to describe the features of paraventricular cysts observed at MRI and ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: MR and ultrasonographic studies of ten patients with congenital cytomegalovirus infections involving the brain were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnosis was confirmed by positive culture of the virus in urine (n=4), the presence of CMV Ig G antibody (n=4), or positive CMV Ig M antibody (n=2), and on the basis of characteristic MR imaging findings. Initial MRI in all patients and initial ultrasonography in four of five with paraventricular cysts were performed. Three patients underwent follow-up MRI and ultrasonography for the evaluation of cystic change, and the size, location, bilaterality and morphology of the cysts were evaluated. Results: Bilateral paraventricular cysts averaging 15 (range. 10-23) mm in size were found in five of the ten patients (50%). They were adjacent to the foramen of Monro in three cases, the occipital horn in one, and the temporal horn in one. MR imaging showed that the fluid content of all cysts was of similar signal intensity to cerebrospinal fluid (T1-WI, hypointense; T2-WI, hyperintense). The ultrasonographic findings varied: there was one pure cyst and one with a thick wall and septations, and two contained complex fluid. In three patients, follow up MRI and ultrasonography showed that the cysts disappeared after 4-23 months. Conclusion: Although paraventricular cysts may appear at MRI to be purely cystic, ultrasonography may indicate that their contents are more complex, or that septations are present.


On his death in January 1577, Guglielmo second child from his relationship with della Porta was the most eminent Pamfilia Guazzaroni (see family tree).4 sculptor in papal Rome.1 This study prèsThe guardianship of his sons was entrusted ents new information regarding the artist's to Guglielmo's brother-in-law, Niccolô relationship towards his sons, and their Longhi, and to his close friend Giovanni handling of their father's estate. It aims, Battista Caro, a brother of Annibale Caro.5 furthermore, to demonstrate what happened The confraternity of S. Caterina da Siena after Guglielmo's death to his monumental was also asked to take on this responsibility, relief cycle, the Passion of Christ. and only upon acceptance was to receive Guglielmo's first known will is dated 4 a bronze crucifix for the decoration of July 1568.2 According to this document his the main altar of their church.6 Guglielmo estate was to be divided equally between mentioned works of art such as bronze his surviving sons, Fidia and Teodoro. The statues and a series of twelve busts of identity of Fidia's mother is unknown,3 emperors,7 and made reference to the cycle but Teodoro was the sculptor's infant of the Passion of Christ, 'opus sculpturae ubi


In a very interesting and recent note, Tung-Po Lin [1] obtained the least value q and the greatest value p such that Mp<L<Mqis valid for all distinct positive numbers x and y where Ms=(xs


In this study,alcalase was applied for cured spent hen breast meat before air-drying ripening.The changes in proteolysis and free amino acids in the enzymatic treatment and control groups during dry curing were investigated and the pattern of proteolysis was examined.The results showed that alcalase could promote the protein hydrolysis of the raw material significantly.In hydrolysate products,myofibrillar fragmentation index(MFI) increased significantly(P 0.05)and proteolysis index(PI) exhibited a significant increase(P 0.05).At the end of curing,the contents of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins were decreased significantly(P 0.05) by alcalase treatment as compared to the control group.The electrophoresis results showed that the proteins with molecular weight higher than 72 kD were gradually decomposed while those lowerthan 28 kD were accumulated.In addition,the content of total free amino acids(P 0.05) significantly increased as a result of alcalase treatment,and more amino acids were involved in the subsequent decomposition reactions at the later stage of air drying.These observations indicated that alcalase could promote further conversion of free amino acids.


A new method is proposed for multiple attribute group decision making problems with multi-granularity interval linguistic information based on interval two-tuple linguistic information and maximizing deviation.Firstly,a transformation function is given to uniform the multi-granularity interval linguistic preference information into the form of interval two-tuple linguistic information in basic linguistic term set.Then,an objective programming model based on maximizing deviation,by which the attribute weight information is completely unknown,is established.By solving this model,a simple and exact formula can be used to determine the attribute weights.The interval two-tuple aggregation operator is utilized to aggregate the linguistic assessment information corresponding to each alternative.The possibility degree of interval two-tuple linguistic information is utilized to the result of aggregation in order to rank the alternatives and select the most desirable one(s).Finally,an example is given to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.


Abstract The current research study aimed to explore the utility of selected problem-solving tools and techniques in root-cause analysis to demonstrate their practical application. An experimental research design adopting a positivist empirical approach with a deductive strategy was followed to assess the effectiveness of a combined (8D & Six Sigma) problem-solving approach in reducing a high defects rate of a mixer shower assembly line. A novel application of the 8D framework in combination with Six Sigma and other analytical tools was found highly effective in reducing the reject rate from 11.84% to 0.11%. Successful identification of the root cause led to the implementation of permanent corrective action ensuring a long-term stable assembly process. The research study provided a problem-solving framework that was found effective in resolving a complex problem and implementing long-term corrective action in an assembly production line. However, this framework can be used in other industries. The research study provides a solution to a high number of leak rejects in a sub-assembly where "O-seals" are used between mating parts. It also provides analytical tools that were found highly effective during the problem-solving process.


In developed countries,the reason for making Options an effective incentive tool to the shareholding companies lies in the preferential taxation on Options.There are many favoured taxes for the incentive Options,as specified in the detailed regulations in the tax laws of the United States. But in China,the Option system is just on the testing stage; there are still many tax barriers in the way of the Option system. China should take advantages of foreign experiences,and make favourable policies to pave the way for the option system implementation in china. 


A new method is presented for predicting the insertion loss of an exhaust mufflerby combination of the boundary element method with the four-load method, and a boundaryelement scheme is proposed to calculate four-pole parameters of a muffler with low Mach numberflow, and the four-load method is extended to evaluate the acoustical source impedance of theexhaust system. The insertion loss of two mufflers was studied, and the predicted results were ingood agreement with the measured ones.


We investigate how wave propagation is modified by the presence of heat sources and sinks, in the simple 1D, hydrodynamical case, including chromosphere and solar wind. We integrate the time-dependent hydrodynamic equations of the solar wind with spherical symmetry, including conduction, radiative cooling and a prescribed mechanical heat flux. Once a quasi-stationary wind is established, we study the response of the system to pressure oscillations at the photospheric boundary. We use transparent boundary conditions. We find that wavepackets with high enough amplitude propagating upward from the photosphere implode just below the transition region. This implosion is due to the radiative cooling term generating pressure holes close to the wave crests of the wave, which make the wave collapse. In the case where heat sources and sinks are not present in the equations, the wave remains stable whatever the initial wave amplitude, which is compatible with published work. Instability should be observable when and where the TR is high enough above the optically thick regions.


It is a great privilege to have been invited to discuss Professor Martti Koskenniemi's Grotius Lecture. Martti Koskenniemi is widely recognized as one of the most distinguished scholars, practitioners, and teachers of international law in our time, and he has been and continues to be an inspiration to many international lawyers around the world. It is a particular pleasure to have the honor of commenting on his lecture given its timely and pressing themes. Koskenniemi's lecture addresses the question of backlash against global governance and its relationship to international law. There is a widespread consensus amongst commentators, policymakers, and academics that the form of international legal order that had emerged over the course of the twentieth century is today facing serious challenges. Many international lawyers share the sense that the myriad high-profile instances of leaving, denouncing, withdrawing, and unsigning over the past decade signal that something more significant than standard forms of resistance to or critique of specific legal regimes may be playing out. In addition, much commentary in the fields of international law and international relations interprets this moment of withdrawals and challenges as somehow related to the increasingly vocal backlash to global governance expressed by populist movements from both the left and the right. Koskenniemi frames his foray into that debate in the language of enlightenment and disenchantment. This is languagemade familiar through the sociology ofMaxWeber and in the legal thinking of Scandinavian and American legal realists. What those traditions share is a Protestant heritage. Felix Cohen once described American realism as "an assault upon all dogmas"—a mode of thinking that was, Cohen pointed out, "naturally of special prominence in a protestant movement." Like many protestant movements, these forms of critique insist that we should not trust metaphysical or magical thinking or place our faith in false icons or empty rituals—we should not think in terms of abstractions and become enchanted by our tools, but instead relentlessly subject our faith, our institutions, and our practices to critique.


The purpose of this article is to analyse the impact of corporate governance practices on the performance of listed firms from countries like India and the Gulf countries. This research study relies on secondary data collected from annual reports of 100 companies covering 8 years, from 2010 to 2017, using manual content analysis. Fifty non-financial listed companies from each emerging market were selected; the selection is based on the market capitalization. Findings from countries' dummy indicate that Indian companies perform better in corporate governance practices than Gulf countries. Moreover, corporate governance practices negatively impact Indian and Gulf countries' firms' performance measured by return on assets (ROA), except for governance effectiveness (GE) that has a positive impact. In contrast, corporate governance measured by board structure (BS) is negatively affected by the performance of Indian and Gulf countries' listed companies measured by Tobin's Q (TQ), whereas transparency and disclosure (TD), leverage (LEV) and GE have a positive impact. The results have implications for managers and policyholders to understand the corporate governance practices and their relationships with performance. Based on the best knowledge of the authors, this is one of the first studies that addresses the comparison between India and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.


Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) (Twardowski 1996) are important because of the strong exchange interaction between the hybridized sp–d orbitals of the magnetic ions and charge carriers. This manifests itself most clearly in the giant Zeeman splitting observed in both the conduction and valence bands when the material is placed in an external magnetic field. At low magnetic ion concentrations, these materials generally exhibit 'frustrated' paramagnetism, with the number of spin singlet states being reduced by nearest-neighbour anti-ferromagnetic spin-pairing (Fatah et al 1994). At low magnetic fields (< 8 T) these spins remain locked and cannot contribute to the paramagnetism of the material; however experiments carried out under very high magnetic fields have been able to break these spindoublets. The magnetic ion itself sits substitutionally on a cation site and can generally be incorporated to high concentrations.


Drawing is the base of all the model art,For an artist considering creation as his or her job,the meaning of drawing is remarkable.Take the re-showing drawing as the training in"Sight"to revise"misfakes".Take the showing drawing as the training in"thinking".It means putting mistakes away.This kind of uarious way in expression has its special art language.To finish the teaehing task in drawing,you must have two advantages.The one is mastering,creative technigues.The other is having a creative mind.


The electromagnetic pulse (EMP) produced by the gamma rays from nuclear explosions is discussed. The gamma rays produce a current of Compton recoil electrons, and these electrons produce further ionization so that the air becomes conducting. The Compton current leads to the generation of electromagnetic fields according to Maxwell's equations. The conductivity tends to limit the magnitude of the fields. Approximate methods of solving the equations are described by considering time regimes in which various terms in the equations are negligible, e.g., either the conduction current or the displacement current can be dropped. Further advantage is obtained by replacing the trans-verse fields by outgoing and ingoing waves; outgoing waves are dominant at early times. Features of the solutions are described for nuclear bursts at the ground surface and at high altitude. The history of EMP is reviewed briefly.


Performance of the deep-ultraviolet LEDs is improved by replacing conventional p-doped electron blocking layer with an intrinsic 2 nm thin AlGaN strip in the last quantum barrier due to enhancement of the hole transportation.


There is significant interest in the possibility of predicting antibacterial drug susceptibility directly though the analysis of bacterial DNA or protein. We report the use of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii transformants to define baseline predictive rules for the β- lactam susceptibility profiles of β-lactamase positive clinical isolates. We then deployed a robust and reproducible shotgun proteomics methodology to identify β-lactamase positivity and predict β-lactam susceptibility by reference to our baseline predictive rules both in cultured bacteria and in extracts of culture-positive blood. Proteomics and whole genome sequencing then allowed us to characterise K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa isolates that differed from the expected β-lactam susceptibility profile, iteratively expanding our predictive rules. Proteomics added considerable value over and above the information generated by whole genome sequencing, allowing for gene expression, not just gene presence to be considered. Specifically, in K. pneumoniae, we identified key differences between acrR and ramR regulatory mutations and compared the effects of OmpK36 Aspartate-Threonine or Glycine-Aspartate dipeptide porin insertions on susceptibility to cefepime and carbapenems. In P. aeruginosa, we identified differences in the gene expression effects of mexR versus nalC mutations and related these to differences in β-lactam MICs against isolates hyper-producing AmpC β-lactamase and or producing a metallo-β-lactamase.


Relevance. The article presents the indicators of linear growth and physique indices of the industrial poultry flock of the meat direction of productivity in different age periods, depending on the body weight of the bird at the daily age.Results. A general trend of a positive effect of the gradation of chicks by live weight at day-old age on linear growth indicators and physique indices was revealed. It was established that in the post-incubation period of ontogenesis in broiler chickens, the exterior indicators significantly increased from 1 to 35 days. The body length changed more intensively at the age of 7–14 and 14–23 days, the length of the keel — 14–23 days, at the last stage, the chest width and chest girth increased the most. The maximum values of physique indices are noted at the initial stage of ontogenesis: massiveness — at the age of 14 days, stubble — 7 days, long-legged and broad-bodied — 1 day, eirisomy and shortness — 7 days. In the future, the value of the indices decreases and increases again by the age of 35 days.


The development of a cost-effective process for the production of mesostructured aluminosilicates, with high Al content and controlled morphology, is highly desired. In this work, mesoporous aluminosilicates, with spherical morphology, have been synthesized under mild acidic aqueous conditions by using an aerosol-assisted sol–gel process, a simple, versatile and potentially scalable method. Two aluminum sources, aluminum isopropoxide and aluminum chloride, have been used, keeping constant the other synthesis and process parameters. FE-SEM, coupled with EDX, TEM and N2 adsorption–desorption measurements have shown that sprayed powders consist of microspheres, homogeneous in size and characterized by high surface areas (up to 640 m2 g−1) and narrow pore size distributions (centred at 2.5 nm). 27Al-NMR spectra of as-synthesized samples have evidenced mostly tetrahedral Al, also for the sample with higher Al content (Si/Al = 5.7). The surface acidity of the sprayed samples has been investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy of adsorbed ammonia and CO, which has shown the presence of Bronsted sites (able to protonate ammonia) and of weak Lewis sites.


The development process of cascading failures is introduced briefly and mainstream chain fault analysis method is discussed in the paper.And a chain fault mode identification algorithm based on the system of risk tree structure is proposed in the article.This algorithm greatly reduces the computation solution space,and can search multiple faults of triggering a chain of non-common cause.


Plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) play a keystone role in the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP). For decades, alpine meadows on the QTP have suffered from severe degradation, predominantly due to livestock grazing and frequent dramatic increases in plateau pikas. The cause has long been thought to be that livestock grazing provides open habitats for pikas. However, open habitats with low food nutrient quality are insufficient to maintain high-density populations. Feeding facilitation is a process or action undertaken by one species whose activity benefits another species. However, the facilitative effects on population consequences remain unclear. Here, we examined the impact of feeding facilitation on the population dynamics of plateau pikas. We hypothesize that the high protein amount provided by meadows that have been overgrazed would be an important factor leading to dramatic increases in plateau pikas. We found that plateau pikas preferred high-protein foods, and relatively abundant high-protein food resources were found in meadows following high levels of livestock grazing. Body mass and amount of protein in stomach digesta of pikas were higher in moderately and heavily grazed meadows than in lightly grazed meadow. Thus, pika population density was associated with high-protein food resources. A supplemental protein experiment confirmed that high-protein foods led to higher pika population density by increasing reproductive performance. Livestock grazing increased the abundance of plateau pikas by shifting plant nutrient contents toward higher protein conditions favorable to them. Feeding facilitation is an important factor that causes a dramatic increase in plateau pikas.


Creo is one of the leading suppliers in the global graphic arts market. A key company goal is to achieve annual revenue growth of 15% over the next five years. This paper focuses on Creo's strategy for entering the small commercial printers market. A successful strategy would enable sustainable growth and profitability in this new market and, at the same time, align with the firm's existing strategy and its product offering. The paper identifies key issues that Creo faces entering this new market. Methodology employed for this analysis includes Porter's 5-force industry analysis, strategic fit analysis and value chain analysis. The conclusion of this paper provides a recommendation for how Creo can address the identified key issues while keeping successful strategies in other markets intact. Creo should focus on the largest printers within the small commercial printers market. To access this market, Creo should use third party distributors. Creo also needs to manage the relationships with the distributors in a way to maintain its competitive advantages. Creo should enter this market with a product offering which is similar to the one the company already provides to other commercial printers. Product pricing structure should minimize the initial capital expenditure. Finally, the strategy for entering the small commercial printers market should be tested before its global implementation.


— Solutions of singular differential equations with the Bessel operator B − γ of negative order − 1 < − γ ≤ 0 are studied. In this regard, of great interest are the solutions of the singular differential Bessel equation B − γ J + λ 2 J = 0 , which are presented in the paper as linearly independent functions J µ and J − µ , µ = ( γ + 1) / 2 . Some properties of the functions J µ expressed in terms of the properties of the Bessel–Levitan j -function are considered. The direct and inverse J µ -Bessel transforms are introduced, and the T -pseudoshift operator that commutes with the Bessel operator B − γ is defined. The fundamental solution of the ordinary singular differential operator B − γ is found. A representation of the fundamental solution of the Kipriyanov ∆ B -operator with a singularity at the point x = 0 and on the cone | x | = | y | in the Euclidean n -dimensional half-space R + n is given


The paper identifies the main parameters of quality of officials' activities and justifies the resources for development of automated computer programs for remote state control over the officials' activities. The author presents the basic (initial) areas for the automated analysis of the activities of the preschool education system officials.


The invention discloses an improved mechanical limiting mechanism for a pitch axis of a telescope. The mechanical limiting mechanism has a double-layer limiting collision block structure; and the limiting mechanism is high in impact resistance, a limiting angle is modified by employing a correction block structure, and the structure is simple and practical. Due to improvement of the mechanical limiting mechanism for the conventional pitch axis of the telescope, the impact resistance of the mechanical limiting mechanism is guaranteed, the modification mode of the limiting angle is simplified, and the practicality of the limiting mechanism is improved.


Purpose: This research was conducted to determine the design factors of a seed-metering device for the development of a seeder. The device allows the seeder to sow precisely one to three seeds of foxtail millet and sorghum. To obtain fundamental information regarding the design of the seed-metering device, examination of the physical properties of foxtail millet and sorghum was conducted. Methods: Based on the results of an adaptability test using an existing seeder with foxtail millet and sorghum, an experimental roller-type seed-metering device was made. The seeding factors considered during the experiment were the width, length, and depth, as well as the shape of the groove in the seed-metering roller. By adapting an analysis of variance, the experimental results of the seeding factors were analyzed. Results: The measured results of the respective lengths and widths of the seeds were 2.11 and 1.64 mm for foxtail millet, and 3.68 and 3.32 mm for sorghum, respectively. The weight of 1,000 seeds was 2.43 g for foxtail millet and 17.5 g for sorghum. The seeds were of an elliptical shape, considering the length and width. A sieve analysis showed that the size distribution of foxtail millet was quite regular whereas that of sorghum was irregular. Conclusions: The seeding results showed that the rates of incorrect planting were low when the groove of the roller-type metering device is an elliptical type. To sow one to three seeds, the groove of roller-type metering devices 2.0 mm x 4.0 mm x 1.5 mm (width x length x depth) for foxtail millet, and 4.0 mm x 8.0 mm x 3.0 mm and 4.5 mm x 8.0 mm x 3.0 mm (width x length x depth) for Sorghum.


The process of teaching and learning Civil Engineering Construction should be closely combined with practice process,This article is aimed at the separation problem of theory study and practice at present.With many years of teaching experience,it is actively explores the new teaching method,so as to improve and perfect the talents cultivation plan of Civil Engineering.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to obtaining new aspartates. Aspartates are obtained by reacting di- or polyamine with an unsaturated ester and then by reacting the obtained product with maleinimide. EFFECT: obtaining new aspartates and their use as reactive components for polyiisocyanates in two-component compositions for polyurethane coatings. 4 cl, 3 ex, 1 tbl


Roller one-way clutch having an outer ring (2), a means of clamping rollers (4) with the outer ring (2) couplable inner ring (3), said clamping rollers (4) are arranged in the wedge pockets (5), the ramp-shaped clamping webs (6), on which the clamping rollers (4) from a coupling position into a freewheeling position are displaceable by means of a switching device, said switching means between adjacent pinch rollers (4) cross and a driver support (8) coupled to each driver (7), wherein the driver support (8) under inclusion is coupled to a spring element (9, 10) with an actuating element (11), characterized in that the actuating element (11) is coupled via in-acting opposite directions spring elements (9, 10) to the driver support (8).


α-MnO2/γ-Al2O3 and β-MnO2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared and characterized by XRD,TEM,TG and H2-TPR.The properties of the catalysts for degradation of acetaldehyde and benzene with non-thermal plasma were investigated.The results showed that MnO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst could obviously improve the removal efficiency of VOCs and CO2 selectivity with non-thermal plasma,and α-MnO2/γ-Al2O3 was superior to β-MnO2/γ-Al2O3.When the input voltage of the non-thermal plasma was 16.8 kV,acetaldehyde removal efficiency of 100% over α-MnO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst combined with non-thermal plasma was attained.Compared with acetaldehyde,benzene was more difficult to be removed because of its more stable chemical structure.


The full optical response of twisted bilayer graphene at the neutrality point close to the magic angle within the continuum model (CM) is discussed. First, three different channels consistent with the underlying D 3 symmetry are identified, yielding the total, magnetic, and chiral response. Second, the full optical response in the immediate vicinity of the magic angle θ m is numerically calculated, which provides a direct mapping of the CM onto an effective two‐band model. It is, further, shown that the ground state of the CM in the immediate vicinity of θ m is unstable toward transverse current fluctuations, a so‐called Condon instability. Third, due to the large counterflow, the acoustic plasmonic excitations with typical wave numbers have larger energies than the optical ones and their energy density may be largely enhanced at certain frequencies which are denominated as chiral resonances. Finally, symmetry relations for the optical response and their consequences for the chiral response are discussed.


The problem which are the subject of current research is how to implement curriculum management performed by Madrasah Diniyah Nurul Ummah (MDNU) and what supporting and obstructing factors in implementing the curriculum management. The objective of the reserach is to find out curriculum management implmented by MDNU and to understand supporting and obstructing factors in their implementation. Current research uses qualitative approach by using observations, in-depth interviews and documents / literature reviews to collect data. The results show that in general curriculum management developed by MDNU is curriculum in a broader sense, in terms of objectives, contents, methods or learning processes and strategies in learning evaluation system. However, in their implementation still hold its salaf tradition which is developing holy book in group into Qiroah Kitab, Sorogan Individu. Key words : Management, Curriculum, Madrasah Diniyah Nurul Ummah


In April 2013 Cyprus and the Troika (the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund) reached an agreement aimed at addressing the country's financial imbalances by leading the Island through a series of austerity measures. This article addresses the Cypriot digital television landscape three years following digital switchover (DSO) and currently in the midst of austerity measures. The article draws on long-term historical analyses combined with discourse analysis of current policy decisions, media coverage and expert interviews with the main stakeholders. It is divided into five sections. The first situates the case study within an appropriate theoretical framework. The second sheds light on Cyprus' turbulent history and how it has affected the development of the media sectors. Next, it offers an overview of digital television in Cyprus and highlights how the main players had positioned themselves in the market before the country sunk into a deep recession. The fourth section underlines the financial crisis and the resulting austerity measures that have affected Cyprus, especially since 2012/2013. In the fifth and final section, the work focuses on the current situation, paying particular attention to how political and market-driven agendas have collided, with the example of the digital terrestrial television (DTT) platform Velister.


Language indicates the social and cultural identity of the nations, and literature is of great value in reflecting ideas, beliefs and visions in language. Considering the fact that the local dialects that lack written literature are more subject to convergence and death, extensive research is required for further documentation and investigating the factors leading to their infrequency of use. Bahmaie, a variant of Luri dialect spoken in the southwest of Iran, is an example in which the stylistic variation of kinship terms represents dialect endangerment and necessitates in-depth analysis of the factors affecting this variation. The present study aims at examining the variation of Bahmaie kinship terms and their Persian equivalents across different contexts, with respect to age, gender, educational level, and third person presence. To this aim, a 32item questionnaire was designed and distributed among 275 Bahmaie speakers divided into four age groups: 15-19, 20-29, 30-39, and 40 - above. The findings of the study indicated that the 15-19 age group speakers favored the Persian terms while those aged 40 - above were more likely to use Bahmaie terms. They also showed the impact of other contextual characteristics on variation of kinship terms (interlocutors' status, gender, educational level, and third person presence). Results further demonstrated that Bahmaie speakers have a tendency towards being persified, and this trend is more pronounced among young speakers. This tendency is attributed to the dominance of Persian as the only high-status language, language contact, and migration causing a generation gap. The implication of the research is that documenting Bahmaie dialect, encouraging educated speakers to use it and fostering intra-cultural communication, are the strategies that can be helpful in keeping this dialect alive.


The present invention provides logistics support analysis database international standard MIL-STD-1388-2B standards of dissemination / maintenance data as illustrated by a diagram of the information management module can be authored electronic manuals of paper in the form of manuals and class Ⅳ level at the same time, so it relates to the technical manuals authored. The present invention is to extract the information contained in the Manual authored from the international standard logistics support analysis database building manuals content database, while generating technical manuals define the other related to the classification of Manual item, Maintenance steps that Manual content database Manual writing from the modeling process to automatically generate a table of contents after defining the basic conditions for the automatic extraction of the data to be recorded in each of the manuals; The Manual content information to be given in the table of contents of the respective manuals from the database automatically extracted based on the input search condition when generating manuals, and the information extracted class Ⅳ than International Standard (MIL-PRF-87269) Interactive Manual data conversion process of saving the database as an electronic technical manuals; Perform user of illustration work request and insert operations automatically through a computerized system in a network environment, Manual writing to manage each illustrated by Figure generates the identification code from the long-section, wherein the information of the manuals is inserted - illustrated Management Module associated processing step; IETM DB Considering that international standards are not unified into one, is achieved by the database conversion process to convert the MIL-PRF-87269 standard IETM database according to user requirements to MIL-STD-2361 standard IETM database.


Fish and other fishery products are one of the important food sources in fulfilling human nutritional needs. Fish contains nutrients that are good for the body and are easily digested by the body. Fish is a source of animal protein that comes from the water. Fish is rich in nutritional content, such as protein, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Fish is a source of long chain fatty acids, such as omega-3. Omega-3 fatty acids from marine and fresh fish are higher than those from land and vegetable animals. The potential for fish availability is more than other fishery products, so that to meet the nutritional needs of the body can be done by consuming fish as needed. Public knowledge about the importance of nutritional content in fish for health is still low, so there is a need for knowledge about the nutritional content of fish and their health benefits. This review explains the nutritional content of seawater and freshwater fish and its benefits for health.


Introduction: The radio frequency (RF) magnetic field (B1) distribution becomes more complex in MR experiments employing higher static magnetic field (B0) due to shorter wavelength in tissue. The B1 inhomogeneities from a predefined volume of interest is reduced by influencing the amplitude and phase of the transmit current on a transceiver array coil [1, 2]. Significant gains in SNR was achieved at 7T using 32 channel receive arrays assembled on close fitting formers [3, 4]. In this study, we combine the benefits of these two methods for human brain MRI at 9.4T (400MHz). Our imaging setup consists of a 15-element receive array together with a 16-element actively detunable transmit array and hence the additional flexibility to employ RF shimming methods.


The purpose of this investigation was to understand the variables that influence parents' perceptions of the Wisconsin Alternate Assessment (WAA). Parents and teachers of elementary and secondary students with severe cognitive disabilities (n = 77) from across Wisconsin participated. Teachers submitted case materials that included a copy of the students' WAA rating scale and current IEP; brief teacher and parent surveys regarding their perceptions of the WAA; and a curricular access questionnaire that documented which WAA items were part of the student's curriculum during the current or previous school year. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between predictor variables and parents' perceptions as reported on the teacher survey. The results indicated that student age and the percentage of academic-focused IEP goals each accounted for the small amount of the variation in parents' perceptions of the WAA. These results are discussed in the context of consequential evidence for the validity of the WAA.


One serious issue of concern in Nepal-India economic relation is the incidence of informal trade along long open border between the two countries. This paper dwells upon the various aspects of informal trade (their extent, underlying causes and adverse implications to Nepal) followed by discussion on the measures that need to be taken to curb and formalize them.

 Economic Journal of Nepal Vol.29(2) 2006 pp.77-84


Company value is one of determining factors for the investors and the company itself in measuring the condition of a company. The higher the value of the company, means the healthier the company and safe to invest. Regards on that, this research tried to identify the variables that affect the value of the company. The variables in used are capital structure through debt and equity ratio and financial performance include ROA. Samples were taken by using purposive sampling. Sample in used are companies which listed on LQ 45 for period February 2011 until July 2011 with complete financial statement from 2009 – 2011. Path analysis data regression model used in this research as a model of data analysis. The results showed the capital structure has negative impact on ROA and firm value. ROA has positive effect on firm value. Negatif effects of capital structure on firm value will be decrease when using ROA as an intervening variable.


The March 2013 release of CSIRO-PACIA's report 'Elements in everything: current profile and future trends for the Australian chemical and plastics industry' neatly coincided with my recent review of Rafael Cayuela Valencia's The future of the chemical industry by 2050 (September, p. 32). Neatly because the report elaborates and explores some of finer detail relating to Australia's chemical (and plastics) industry, which in Valencia's text are agglomerated with the detail of many other world economies as the REST group.


Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety in patients with right ventricular sepal pacing with active fixation lead in the sepal pacing compared to passive fixation in right ventricular apex. Methods There were fifty-nine patients who were subdivided into two groups: group one(Medtronic FIX5076,Medtronic FIX4093 active lead) and group two (Medtronic FIX4093 passive fixation lead).The group one, the active lead was put in the right outflow tract. The patients were followed-up at 1,3,6 months after being discharged. Results Lead threshold did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The lead implantation time and fluoroscopy time in group one were longer than those in group two(45.03±1.99 min vs 13.69±11.37 min;17.88±7.23 min vs 9.78±3.55 min,all P0.05).One patient from group one was found that the lead was extracted at 1-week post implantation because of lead displacement. Conclusions The sepal pacing with the active fixation lead is feasible and safe.


A major reexamination of the novelist Vladimir Nabokov as "literary gamesman, " this book systematically shows that behind his ironic manipulation of narrative and his puzzle-like treatment of detail there lies an aesthetic rooted in his intuition of a transcendent realm and in his consequent redefinition of "nature" and "artifice" as synonyms. Beginning with Nabokov's discursive writings, Vladimir Alexandrov finds his world view centered on the experience of epiphany--characterized by a sudden fusion of varied sensory data and memories, a feeling of timelessness, and an intuition of immortality--which grants the true artist intimations of an "otherworld." Readings of The Defense, Invitation to a Beheading, The Gift, The Real Life of Sebastian Knight, Lolita, and Pale Fire reveal the epiphanic experience to be a touchstone for the characters' metaphysical insightfulness, moral makeup, and aesthetic sensibility, and to be a structural model for how the narratives themselves are fashioned and for the nature of the reader's involvement with the text. In his conclusion, Alexandrov outlines several of Nabokov's possible intellectual and artistic debts to the brilliant and variegated culture that flourished in Russia on the eve of the Revolution. Nabokov emerges as less alienated from Russian culture than most of his emigre readers believed, and as less "modernist" than many of his Western readers still imagine. "Alexandrov's work is distinctive in that it applies an otherworld' hypothesis as a consistent context to Nabokov's novels. The approach is obviously a fruitful one. Alexandrov is innovative in rooting Nabokov's ethics and aesthetics in the otherwordly and contributes greatly toNabokov studies by examining certain key terms such as commonsense, ' nature, ' and artifice.' In general Alexandrov's study leads to a much clearer understanding of Nabokov's metaphysics."--D. Barton Johnson, University of California, Santa Barbara


134.The relative importance of spatial aggregation and resource partitioning on coexistencewas investigated for mycophagous insects in central Japan. The effects of spatialaggregation and resource partitioning were separated by a randomization procedure.From 124 patches of macrosporophores belonging to 37 species, 3275 individualsbelonging to 14 families of Diptera and 11 individuals to Lepidoptera emerged. Sincethe level of identification varied among insect taxa, the analysis was made in threeways; 1) for all taxa to assess the stability of the whole community, 2) for drosophilidspecies to assess their persistence in the community, and 3) for species of Drosophilaand Mycodrosophila to assess their persistence against congeneric and heterogenericspecies. Both spatial aggregation and resource partitioning functioned for the stabilityof whole mycophagous insect community, and spatial aggregation played a moreimportant role than resource partitioning. On the other hand, only spatial aggregationfunctioned for the persistence of drosophilid species in the community. According tothe analysis on species of Drosophila and Mycodrosophila against congeneric andheterogeneric species, the relative importance of resource partitioning was smaller forthe coexistence of within-genus species pairs than for that of between-genus speciespairs. These results suggest that the relative importance of these two mechanismsdepends on the phylogenetic and guild diversity of community.K. H. Takahashi and T. Kagaya, Laboratory of Forest Zoology, Dept of Forest Science,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The Univ. of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi,Bunkyo-ku, JP-113-8657 Tokyo, Japan. Present address for KHT: Ecology and Genetics,Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido Univ., Kita 10 Nishi 5,JP-060-0810 Sapporo, Japan (email@example.com).


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background. The goal is to provide a national analysis of organ procurement organization (OPO) costs. Methods. Five years of data, for 51 of the 58 OPOs (2013–2017, a near census) were obtained under a FOIA. OPOs are not-for-profit federal contractors with a geographic monopoly. A generalized 15-factor cost regression model was estimated with adjustments to precision of estimates (P) for repeated observations. Selected measures were validated by comparison to IRS forms. Results. Decease donor organ procurement is a $1B/y operation with over 26 000 transplants/y. Over 60% of the cost of an organ is overhead. Profits are $2.3M/OPO/y. Total assets are $45M/OPO and growing at 9%/y. "Tissue" (skin, bones) generates $2–3M profit/OPO/y. A comparison of the highest with the lower costing OPOs showed our model explained 75% of the cost difference. Comparing costs across OPOs showed that highest-cost OPOs are smaller, import 44% more kidneys, face 6% higher labor costs, report 98% higher compensation for support personnel, spend 46% more on professional education, have 44% fewer assets, compensate their Executive Director 36% less, and have a lower procurement performance (SDRR) score. Conclusions. Profits and assets suggest that OPOs are fiscally secure and OPO finances are not a source of the organ shortage. Asset accumulation ($45M/OPO) of incumbents suggests establishing a competitive market with new entrants is unlikely. Kidney-cost allocations support tissue procurements. Professional education spending does not reduce procurement costs. OPO importing of organs from other OPOs is a complex issue possibly increasing cost ($6K/kidney).


Living in a post-Ericksonian world, Gilligan ethis and hypnosis - unorthodox or innovative therapies and the legal standard of care, Scheflin how does a non-Ericksonian integrate Ericksonian techniques without becoming an Ericksonian, Bloom the state of the altered state debate, Kirsch hypnosis in the treatement of AIDS, Reed rehabilitation of chronic pain patients - expanding an Ericksonian approach to interdisciplinary team treatment, Feldman teaching children with asthma to help themselves with relaxation/mental imagery, Kohen application of Erickson principles to larger systems, Lankton eye movement desensitization and reprocessing - research and clinical significance, Shapiro.


"Fragile States Indicators", used worldwide, were applied to U.S. communities with high poverty. Theories, literature and data gave rise to a model that could be applied to families and institutions with implications for adult education.


One of the main objectives of the establishment of a conservation area is to preserve the ecosystem and biodiversity. Even in many countries around the world, including Indonesia, the establishment of conservation areas has become the government's alternative strategy for protecting and maintaining biodiversity resources. The government allocates budget for conservation areas, but in some locations degradation and deforestation still persist. It is therefore important to evaluate the commitment of the government to the protection of biodiversity, one of which is the rate of deforestation. This study aims to examine whether government spending has impact to control deforestation in conservation areas in Indonesia. Utilizing a dynamic panel model with a Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimation, this study uses the forest cover data in 43 national parks that lies in 114 districts/cities during 2013-2017. The results show that the government spending for forest protection activities and forest ranger has an effect on controlling the deforestation rate in conservation area. However, there is no evidence showing correlation between the spending for community empowerment to deforestation control. This indicates that the government should consider budget allocation to make deforestation control more effective.


Student note-taking guide to accompany:managing stress (principles and strategies for health and well-being) , Student note-taking guide to accompany:managing stress (principles and strategies for health and wel... , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران


The paper by Mand et al raises important questions about the predictive genetic testing of children. They focus on those claims made by professionals that are open to empirical enquiry and give too little weight to those claims that do not require empirical support. The authors remind us that some commentators oppose empirical enquiry because of the concern that gathering evidence of the consequences of such testing may itself be harmful or unethical. They respond by asserting that the relevant research questions are 'eminently testable' but fail to discuss the challenges of such research, including the questions of timescale, consent or the nature of the data whose collection (they assert) would resolve the perceived difficulties with the genetic testing of children. They conclude that empirical research is required without resolving the weighty arguments against predictive testing of young children or explaining how the evidence they wish to collect could overcome the force of the arguments that favour caution.


This dissertation examines the dynamics of structural transformation and employment structure in developing countries, the impact of trade liberalization on these dynamics, and, finally, the empirical methods used to estimate this impact. In the first chapter, I document that while structural transformation out of agriculture has historically entailed a transition from self-employment to wage employment, sub-Saharan Africa has diverged from this pattern in having a particularly high level of self-employment. I provide some evidence that this could be due to variation in the drivers of structural transformation across regions, namely an increase in agricultural productivity or natural resource export earnings, rather than an increase in non-agricultural productivity. In the second chapter, I study the impact of trade liberalization on regional structural transformation and industrialization in Brazil. I show that Brazil's import tariff reductions in the early 1990s actually had a positive impact on manufacturing labor demand, accelerating the transition out of informal agriculture, and reallocating employment towards manufacturing and formal services rather than informal services. In the final chapter of the dissertation, I apply a critical lens to Bartik-style regional trade shocks, the empirical method used to estimate the regional effects of trade policy. To ensure that the interpretation of the results are consistent with the underlying theory, I propose a simple test that checks for consistency between industry-level and regional-level outcomes. I then demonstrate the application of the test in the context of trade liberalization in Brazil.


The epidemiology of 478 cases of schizophrenia, acute psychosis, and manic-depressive psychosis was examined in Papua New Guinea for the years 1970 through 1973. Factors such as bias, referral habits of doctors, community tolerance, disease, accessibility to medical care, and migration are discussed as possible explanations for the sharply different patterns of prevalence of schizophrenia in certain areas of the country. The authors conclude, however, that these factors are not sufficient to explain the differences and that concomitants of Western civilization such as certain viruses must also be considered as possible etiological agents.


Many countries after a remarkable spike in COVID-19 cases, opted to lockdown and quarantine curfew that restricted the movement of people. Construction is one of the main sectors experiencing a clear impact due to COVID-19. As a significant growth driver of the economy, the domestic construction industry employs nearly one million of the population directly in various trades. Unfortunately, almost every project has been severely hampered. It is, therefore, prudent to address the impact of the pandemic on construction labour at the outset and end of the crisis to prepare for any future challenges or opportunities that it may undergo. This study aims to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on the construction industry's survival and possible measures to be taken in both the short and the long run. This paper summarizes using a narrative analysis of the key takeaways of 15 webinar discussions on the COVID-19 impact and outlook of the construction sector in Sri Lanka. The impacts and fallouts have been addressed by key industry personnel. The study found the most prominent impacts of COVID-19 are the suspension of projects, labour impact, and job loss, time overrun, cost overrun, and delay in payments. The findings of this study shed light on the consequences of the sudden occurrence of a pandemic and raise awareness of the most critical impacts which cannot be overlooked. The findings also help project stakeholders prepare for any future worst-case scenarios.


This paper analyzes the impact of some variables in the aggregated value of the manufacturing industry in South American nations, with an emphasis on the degree of trade openness, using panel method under the fixed and random effect. In this regard, intense discussions occur regarding the purposes of trade multilateralism and its impacts in South American countries. Therefore, even if trade liberalization is a positive factor to developed nations, given their obvious economic advantages, the same is not true with the South American economies. Hence, it is necessary to have a convergence of interests to better serve the economic development of the countries of South America.


This article practically probes into how to set up mathematical models and then converts mathe- matical models into corresponding mathematical anti-Poland formula from the application perspective.Mean- while,the article also discusses the computational methods about anti-Poland formula,this implies there will be a broad application prospects and better application results.


In the early hours of March 30, 1879, Gen. George Crook came to the newsroom of the Omaha Daily Herald in search of a reform-minded journalist named Thomas H. Tibbles. Crook was troubled by an order to return thirty Ponca Indians from Fort Omaha to Indian Territory. The order was, the general declared, as cruel a thing as he had ever been forced to do, punishment for a desperate band of peaceful Indians who had been forced from their homelands near the Nebraska-South Dakota border. "I would resign my commission, if that would prevent the order from being executed-but it would not," Crook admitted. "It's no use for me to protest. Washington always orders the very opposite of what I recommend."(1) In Tibbles and the Herald, however, the general saw a possible solution. "You have a great daily newspaper here which you can use," Crook told Tibbles. "I ask you to go into this fight against those who are robbing these helpless people," Crook continued. "The American people, if they knew half the truth, would send every member of the Indian Ring to prison." At seven that same morning, Tibbles walked four miles to the fort where he interviewed Standing Bear and other Ponca chiefs. Within days, Tibbles's sympathetic account of the Ponca arrests appeared in newspapers in Chicago, New York, and other cities, where, as General Crook had predicted, it raised new questions over the government's treatment of Indians. Indian sympathizers, still recovering from the public uproar over Custer's defeat at the Little Bighorn, saw the Poncas as an ideal vehicle for resuscitating the government's "peace policy." With agitation from Tibbles and other reformers, the Ponca controversy sparked a revival of interest in Indian reform in the post-Civil War period.(2) Tibbles organized a successful Eastern lecture tour for the Poncas, a trip which brought Indian mistreatment to the attention of Helen Hunt Jackson and inspired her 1881 history of government-Indian relations, A Century of Dishonor. Although it was intentionally one-sided, the book dramatized the Indian condition and helped push Congress toward reform legislation. The movement culminated in the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887, a bill many Indian reformers believed would speed Indian civilization and lead to an enlightened era of Indian-white relations, a prediction which soon proved naive and unrealistic. The public relations success of the Ponca publicity raises a number of questions about the popular idea of the Indian in the 1870s and 1880s. What made the Poncas so useful for a public relations campaign? How was the tribe exploited by the reformers and explained by the newspapers as a way of resolving the "Indian question"? This article attempts to address these questions by investigating the themes and ideas in news and editorials about the Ponca controversy in several leading newspapers in 1879-80.(3) The Ponca publicity campaign is considered here as part of a larger American debate concerning race, progress and civilization during the last half of the nineteenth century. By focusing on these ideas as they played out in the Ponca controversy, this study suggests some of the ways the newspapers and public used the language of American progress to make sense of Indians during a time of social reform and western expansion. In this way, the study demonstrates the role of the nineteenth-century press in creating and maintaining a simplified Indian identity that served the ends of both the reformers and the dominant society. Finally, the chapter reveals the limited nature of American democratic ideals as they were applied to Native Americans in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Most Indian news in the nineteenth-century press relied on racial stereotypes. As many historians have documented, the press tended to reduce Indians to one of two extremes: as romantic children of nature-innocent, stoic, and uncorrupted by civilization-or as barbaric savages-cruel, untamed, and subhuman creatures. …


The report is compiled from information supplied by several members, in response to a request for information. Several members replied that they are not now actively concerned with the subjects with which this Commission is dealing. No attempt has been made to review the work done in these subjects in the years since the last General Assembly of 1938. Daily determinations of the solar constant have been continued by the staff of the Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution at Montezuma (Chile) and at Table Mountain (U.S.). Apparatus and methods are being developed by Abbot and his co-operators for the daily measurement of atmospheric ozone and of its band of absorption, 9–10 μ .


Let G be a graph of order n with vertices labeled as v1, v2, . . . , vn. Let di be the degree of the vertex vi, for i � 1, 2, . . . , n. 'e difference adjacency matrix of G is the square matrix of order n whose (i, j) entry is equal to ( ��������� di + dj − 2 􏽱 − 1)/( ���� didj 􏽱 ) if the vertices vi and vj of G are adjacent or (vivj ∈ E(G)) and zero otherwise. Since this index is related to the degree of the vertices of the graph, our main tool will be an appropriate matrix, that is, a modification of the classical adjacency matrix involving the degrees of the vertices. In this paper, some properties of its characteristic polynomial are studied.We also investigate the difference energy of a graph. In addition, we establish some upper and lower bounds for this new energy of graph.


By equipped with a digital control panel(battery-protecting panel),over charge /discharge,thermal runaway,thermal bulging,thermal explosion and unexpected short-circuit of lead-acid batteries can be effectively prevented.Furthermore,the battery with the digital control unit is able to eliminate sulfation and recover itself in the evening life.Thus the battery life is prolonged.


In Changtai Yanxi State Owned Forest Farm,with L9(34) orthogonal design,the effects of P fertilizer(calcium-magnesium phosphate),N fertilizer(urea),K fertilizer(potassium chloride) on growth of Acacia cincinnata were discussed.The results showed that:different fertilizer treatments had an significant effect on Acacia cincinnata dbh,tree height,plant volume and growing stock,the greatest impact came from P fertilizer,N fertilizer followed,K fertilizer brought the minimal impact.According to the comprehensive tree growth and economic efficiency(ratio of output to input) analysis,50 g of urea,750 g of calcium-magnesium phosphate,and 50 g of potassium chloride per tree had the best effect.


This paper investigates secure transmission in a wireless powered communication network (WPCN) with an energy harvesting (EH) source configured with multiple antennas. In the WPCN, the EH source harvests energy from the radio frequency (RF) signals broadcasted by a power beacon (PB), and purely relies on the harvested energy to communicate with the destination in the presence of passive eavesdroppers. It is noteworthy that the RF-EH source is equipped with a finite energy storage to accumulate the harvested energy for the future usage. Moreover, due to energy-constraint and complexity- limitation, the multi-antenna source is only configured with a single RF-chain. To enhance the security for the WPCN, we propose two adaptive transmission schemes, i.e., energy-aware transmit antenna selection (EATAS) and energy-aware differential spatial modulation (EADSM). According to the energy status and the channel quality, the source adaptively decides whether to transmit confidential information or harvest RF energy. To evaluate the secrecy performance of the proposed schemes, we first study the evolution of the energy storage, and then derive the analytical expressions of connection outage probability (COP), secrecy outage probability (SOP) and efficient secrecy throughput (EST). Numerical results demonstrate that our proposed schemes outperform the existing schemes, i.e., time-switching based TAS (TS-TAS) and accumulate-then-transmit (ATT). And, increasing the transmit power of the PB or the capacity of the source's energy storage is helpful to improve the secrecy performance. Moreover, there exists an optimal transmission rate for each proposed scheme to achieve best secrecy performance.


In article the factors defining strategy of development of the industrial enterprises are considered, classification of tools of strategic management is offered. The strategic analysis of JointStock Company «Kursk electrohardware factory» by means of tools SWOT and the PEST-analysis is made.


The traditional antimalarial herb Artemisia annua L., from which artemisinin is isolated, is widely used in endemic regions. It has been suggested that artemisinin activity can be enhanced by flavonoids in A. annua; however, how fast and how long are the flavonoids present in the body remains unknown. In the present study, a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of three major flavonoids components, i.e., chrysosplenol D, chrysoplenetin, and artemetin and their glucuronidated metabolites in rats after oral administrations of A. annua extracts at a therapeutic ultra low dose. The concentration of the intact form was determined directly, and the concentration of the glucuronidated form was assayed in the form of flavonoids aglycones, after treatment with β-glucuronidase/sulfatase. The method was linear in the range of 0.5-300.0 ng mL-1 for chrysoplenetin and artemetin, and 2.0-600.0 ng mL-1 for chrysosplenol D. All the validation data conformed to the acceptance requirements. The study revealed a significantly higher exposure of the flavonoid constituents in conjugated forms in rats, with only trace intact from. Multiple oral doses of A. annua extracts led to a decreased plasma concentration levels for three flavonoids. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.