The communication parameters of communication equipment in the mobile communication system are mainly represented and organized in binary mode,which brings many inconveniences to user application and parameter transmission.This paper proposes a method of using XML technology to represent the system composition and configuration parameter of communication equipment.Based on comparison and analysis of two text data exchange formats used widely,such as XML and JSON,combining with the current support requirements of maneuver communication system,this paper puts forward the organization and representation methods of formatted network parameters based on XML and JSON.


[571 ABsTRAa A method of adhering bone to the surface of a rigid substrate such as a metal or resin prosthesis using an improved surgical bone cement. The bone cement has mechanical properties more nearly matched to those of animal bone and thermal curing characteristics which result in less traumatization of body tissues and comprises a dispersion of short high modulus graphite fibers within a bonder composition including polymer dissolved in reactive monomer such as polymethylmethacrylate dissolved in methylmethacrylate monomer.


Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a source of hip pain that can present in adolescent athletes and is related to sports participation and extreme use in these patients. FAIS is characterized by morphologic abnormalities of the acetabulum and/or proximal femur that leads to pathologic contact within the hip joint. FAIS is classified as cam-type, pincer-type, or combined. Early sports participation is a factor in the development of symptomatic FAIS. Adolescent patients with FAIS are also more likely to have associated extra-articular pathologies. History and physical exam findings in adolescents with FAIS are not considerably different than corresponding findings in adults with FAIS and include activity-related groin pain aggravated by pivoting and flexion activities. FAIS can be treated conservatively or surgically. In refractory cases, outcomes after surgical intervention have been shown to be significantly better than nonsurgical treatment. Surgical intervention involves repairing damage to the labrum and/or cartilage and decompressing the bony impingement. Open and arthroscopic approaches have been shown to be safe and effective in adolescents with good outcomes. Most adolescent athletes are able to return to participation in their sport and a majority returning to their preinjury level of play after surgical intervention.


Membrane separations science concerns the selective transport of chemical species across molecularly designed barriers that are effectively two-dimensional. This interdisciplinary field has become the focus of many scientific communities in recent years, including researchers in supramolecular chemistry, materials science, environmental science, polymer science (chemistry and physics), colloid and interface science, nanofluidics, structural biology, and biophysics. The great attraction of membrane science is the connection and visibility of the broad impacts of the final application, which is even apparent while working at the smallest scales. The "big picture" challenges that membrane science seeks to address include water purification, wastewater treatment, desalination, carbon dioxide capture, food and dairy processing, removal of pathogens (including viruses), hydrocarbon processing, and resource recovery from wastes, among a wide variety of applications. These topics span many urgent societally relevant themes of clean water and air, public health, climate change, waste minimization, and energy production. The assembled special issue of PNAS illustrates the convergence emerging in the field across scales (from molecular self-assembly to industrial scale separations), disciplines (from biophysics to industrial scale hydrocarbon separations), materials (frommembrane proteins to graphene), and approaches (molecular analysis to economic analysis). The issue also highlights emerging areas of interest, including biomimetics, ion–ion separations, membrane process residuals (brine) treatment, hydrocarbon separations using membranes, and technologies for wastewater resource recovery. The papers are organized by applications, and within each application area by scale and approach. In general, this special issue is roughly divided into three main sections: biologically inspired ideas and applications to separation processes in aqueous liquids, gas and hydrocarbon separations, and improving current membranes and membrane processes. The first section of this special issue is on biologically inspired ideas for designing more selective and energy-efficient membranes. A unique feature of biological membranes is the exceptional ion selectivity seen in membrane proteins as exemplified by the potassium channel, which has a 10,000:1 selectivity of potassium over sodium (1). These channels inspire the work presented by Warnock et al. (2) on lithium/sodium discrimination mechanisms in crown ether ligandenhanced membranes. Using experiments and simulations of singleand mixed-ion systems, the authors highlight fundamental principles to guide the development of single-ion selectivity in synthetic membranes. Critically, they demonstrate the influence of ion dehydration and ligand-ion coordination on sorption, diffusion, and selectivity mechanisms in hydrated membranes. At an engineered membrane level, in the next paper, Lounder and Asatekin (3) show a scalable approach with zwitterionic amphiphilic membranes to demonstrate impressive fluoride/chloride separation factors >6 under both single and mixed monovalent salt solutions. The membrane architecture, which results from the self-assembly of a random copolymer combining zwitterionic and cross-linkable hydrophobic segments, consists of a relatively impermeable hydrophobic matrix with waterand ion-permeable subnanometer zwitterionic channels. Specific differential interactions between anions and the zwitterions lead to differential transport rates for different anions while monovalent counterion transport remains the same, leading to effective salt separations. These membranes are also expected to have superior membranefouling resistance based on previous work on similar membranes (4). In the next paper in this section, Di Vincenzo et al. (5) combine molecules created using supramolecular chemistry (imidazole quartets) with traditional interfacial polymerization to demonstrate scalable thin-film


2. Mario H. M. L. Andrade, research scholar; Lincoln Zotarelli, assistant professor, Horticultural Sciences Department; Rodrick Z. Mwatuwa, former graduate student, Horticultural Sciences Department; Christian T. Christensen, regional specialized agent II, director, Hastings Agricultural Extension Center; Doug Gergela, research coordinator, Florida Partnership for Water, Agriculture & Community Sustainability at Hastings; and Chad M. Hutchinson, former associate professor Horticultural Sciences Department; David Dinkins, UF/IFAS Extension St. Johns County; UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611.


In the diagnostic tests of power transformers windings condition, the method of the transfer function (TF) analysis has been used for several decades. Its gradual development included introducing the various types of excitation, pulse-type and sinusoidal signals into the measurement practice, as well as various digital signal processing (DSP) methods to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and reduce the measurement uncertainty. In each case, used excitation signals must enable estimation of the transfer function over a wide frequency range, up to not less than 2 MHz. The paper presents the measurements results and analysis of time-frequency properties of selected excitation signals that are or can be used to determine the winding transfer function in off-line or on-line diagnostic tests. The discussion of results and conclusions based on analyzed signal properties are presented.


Abstract : This report describes a procedure for generating simulated time sequences of wave height, period, and direction data corresponding to specific locations. The techniques uses a finite length wave record to compute a matrix of coefficient multipliers that can be used to generate arbitrarily long time sequences of simulated wave data which preserve the primary statistical properties of the finite data set. The procedure was developed for simulating the 20-year Wave Information Study (WIS) hindcast database; however, it can be applied to any appropriate data sequence. Application of the method is demonstrated through comparisons of simulated data to hindcast data corresponding to a Gulf of Mexico WIS station located offshore of the entrance to Mobile Bay, Alabama. Results show that the simulated series exhibits the primary statistical properties of the WIS data, including seasonality and wave sequencing.


Space object surveillance,including space debris monitoring,is essential for coping with the threats from space.The world state of space debris observation with radar is described.The key techniques are summarized in terms of cataloging debris based on tracking mode and statistically characterizing debris based on beam-park mode.The deficiencies in recent techniques and the future directions are analyzed.


Objective To explore the effect of benzo(a) pyrene(Bap) on cell cycle of synchronized human embryonic lung fibroblast (HELF). Methods Treatments of 0.5% serum starvation and 10% serum re-stimulation were used to obtain cells synchronisation in G0/G1, S and G2/M stage. HELF cells synchronized in specific phase after serum re-stimulation were exposed to dimethylsulfoxide, 2, 10 and 50 μmol/L BaP for 2 hours. Cell cycle distribution and cell cycle regulation proteins such as cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin A, cyclinB, P53, P21 and P16 were detected 12hr after BaP exposure with FCM and Western Blotting methods, respectively. Results Serum starvation and re-stimulation induced cells arrest in different phase and cell cycle phase change obviously 24 hr after serum re-stimulation. Cyclins expression in HELF cells deceased from G0 phase in a time-dependent manner. BaP induced a decrease of HELF cells in S stage. HELF treated with Bap were arrested in G1 stage and the expression of cyclin D decreased distinctly after serum re-stimulation of 10-12 hr. HELF with Bap treatment 16-18 hr after serum re-stimulation exhibited inceases of G2 stage and P53, P21 expressions. The ratio of G0/G1 and the expressions of P53 and P21 increased in HELF treated with Bap 22-24 hr after the serum re-stimulation. Conclusion BaP activates both G1 and G2 checkpoints of HELF synchronized in specific phase and induces cell cycle arrest.


Each year in the UK since 1988, an average of 165 patients have undergone surgical repair of interventricular septal rupture complicating myocardial infarction (cardiac surgical registry of the Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland). From each surgeon's viewpoint this operation is a rare event. Given that there are now some 200 or so consultant cardiac surgeons in the UK, the current workload averages out at less than one case per surgeon per year.

The overall hospital mortality of patients undergoing surgical repair in the UK in the same time period was 38%. So that it is not only a rare operation but it is also difficult to end up with a survivor. The national figures suggest that hospital mortality has increased with time (fig 1). In addition, in the last five years for which data are available, the number of patients undergoing repair has decreased. These two statistics are almost certainly associated with the increasing use of thrombolytic agents in the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction.

 Figure 1
Incidence and mortality of surgical closure of ventricular septal rupture in the UK (1988–1999).

So ventricular septal rupture is a rare surgical intervention with a high complication rate. On the other hand, it is a condition that when untreated has such a high mortality1 that each survivor is something to treasure. This article will attempt to describe best practice and the evidence on which such practice is based.

Acute ventricular septal rupture only rarely comes to the attention of each surgeon, but it is a relatively common condition. Before the introduction of thrombolysis it complicated 1–2% of all myocardial infarctions. The incidence has declined to about 0.2% in the thrombolysis era. At this rate, of the 270 000 myocardial infarctions suffered in the UK in 2002, approximately 550 …


While the importance of state in shaping organizations is well accepted, the mechanisms through which it affects firms have been narrowly defined. Drawing on the insights from political sociology, ...


A bimolecular chemical reaction (reactantl + reactant2 → products) in laminar Poiseuille flow is experimentally observed using a spectrophotometer. The reaction rate (rm) follows the second‐order rate law; that is, rm = кC1C2, where cm(m=1, 2) are the reactant concentrations. The reaction rate constant к is independently estimated by monitoring the reaction kinetics in a completely mixed batch reactor using the stopped‐flow technique. In the reactive transport experiments, the reactants are introduced in a tube and are initially separated by a sharp interface. The variation of the fluid velocity over the cross section of the tube causes the concentrations of the reactants to vary around their cross‐sectional average values (c¯m). These spatial variations in the concentrations (c′m) influence the overall reaction rate. The cross‐sectional average reaction rate is given by , where is the segregation intensity. The experimentally observed breakthrough concentration of the product is in agreement with a numerical model that accounts for the effects of the segregation intensity. On ignoring the influence of the segregation intensity, the predicted product concentration substantially exceeds the experimental observations. This shows that for initially non‐overlapping reactants the segregation intensity is negative (s < 0) and that the overall chemical transformation rate in flowing systems can be significantly different from that implied by substituting the mean concentrations in the expression for the reaction rate.


Irrigated agriculture is the largest user of fresh water in the world. With increasing municipal and domestic demands, environmental demands for restoration of aquatic ecosystems and the potential for shrinking fresh water supply in some regions as a result of global warming, there is an increasing tendency to look to irrigated agriculture to reduce water use. At the same time, the growth in world population brings with it a need to increase agricultural production in the future. Heated controversy is developing among groups whose interests lie in the various competing demands for this precious resource. The objective of this panel discussion is to promote a more holistic and scientifically sound basis for solving these critical problems. Reducing water demands per unit of crop produced will be critical to the solution of present and future water supply problems. However, this is not a simple task. Some believe that it is a simple matter of becoming more efficient. While this seems an obvious solution, understanding what happens to the losses from irrigation in a river basin context is important. Losses from irrigation processes may return to the stream and meet a portion of downstream demands. Reducing these losses may not result in any increase in overall water supply. When looking for real water savings it is important to find those efficiency improvements that result in reduced consumption per unit of production or that reduce losses that are not usable downstream or do not perform an important environmental function. Understanding the world-wide relationship between irrigated agriculture, food production and future food demand is also critical. In some areas of the world today, it may be tempting to take the water for the use that can pay the most. While including economics in the assessment of water supply allocation is important, it is crucial to examine future conditions as well as present. Past water supply projects have often included benefit-cost analysis as part of the basis for justification. Some argue that not all impacts, particularly those to the environment, are considered in such analyses. While present environmental laws in some countries attempt to deal with these issues, including values in the cost-benefit equation is rarely attempted. Understanding the economic value and cost of non-market impacts becomes important for the fair and intelligent allocation of water. While much is heard about heated disputes over water, there are processes at work to bring together proponents of competing interests in a scientifically sound way to solve these water management problems. The California Bay-Delta process is one such example where solutions to these competing demands for a limited water supply have a broad scientific basis, applied in a cooperative process. These three panelists will present their individual perspectives on these issues in a thought-provoking way.


A 2.535 GHz mode-switching power amplifier (MSPA) for LTE (Long Term Evolution) application is presented in 65 nm CMOS process. By using self-biased technology and charge-acceleration-technique in the cascode structure, power-added efficiency (PAE) is increased. A center-tapped parallel combining transformer (PCT) is designed for power combining, which also provides a path for the second-order harmonic shorted ground. The passive efficiency of the transformer maintains above 80% from 2 GHz-3.5 GHz. The output 1-dB compressed power (P1dB) and saturated output power (PSAT) are 23.69 dBm and 28 dBm. The peak PAE of the PA achieved 54.6%. With supply modulator (SM) is employed to improve PAE when the power is back off, the PA delivers 23.4 dBm LTE20 signal with 36.5% PAE.


Han-dynasty bamboo slips(13 texts) aroused the researchers' interest after their excavation in Yinqueshan Hill.Most of the researchers surveyed herein the land system,food output,legal system of Qi State during Warring States Period,only some approaching the excavations from lexicographical perspectives. The content of Text Wangbing can be witnessed in seven laws,military strategy, maps and other chapters in Guansi,an ancient philosophical work.The paper makes a close scrutiny of Wangbing and Guanzi to investigate the history of Guanzi's different versions and revisions and the achievement of scholars studying Guanzi since Qianlong Period.Through comparison,it can be found that Wangbing can be used to proof-read Guanzi,whose misprints through ages can be corrected,and to evaluate the researchers achievements.Guanzi also facilitates the connotations and proof-reading of the bamboo slips.


Focusing on wind energy conversion system (WECS) at the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) control level, a novel control approach was proposed to optimise wind energy capture from consideration of physical nature and energy relationship. According to energy flowing, the WECS was divided into several multi-ports energy conversion subsystems, and the structure matrices of the subsystems were elaborately designed. Based on this, port-controlled Hamiltonian models of the subsystems were obtained, and energy-based control using the models was provided to realise the machine side and the grid side control objectives of the WECS. The approach was applied on a 2 MW WECS, and compared with classical proportional-integral (PI) controller using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that the energy-based control not only fully satisfies both side control requirements, but also has more robust control performances for a turbulent wind than the PI control.


There is dual effect from the ideology and the law weather the fine sentencing meets the demand of justice.In the field of fine sentencing,the courts try to avoid offenders "buying the way out of prison";In principle,people's court pays more attention to universal equality and magistrates' court to individual equality;In the amount of fine,people's court is on the basis of the object of crime and magistrates' court must take account of the offender's financial circumstances more broadly.So the system of fine should be perfected to make the sentencing justice come true.


Aging is a complicated process occurring due to the combination of incremental alterations of the skin and accumulated extrinsic factors that causes both structural and functional disruptions. The extrinsic factor of skin aging is mostly caused by free radicals, UV exposures, and pollution. Prevention is possible by escalating antioxidant intake to scavenge ROS in the skin aging process. Rutin and caffeic acid are recognized for their free radical trapping effects and reported to have potential antiaging activities. This study aimed to identify the potentials of rutin and caffeic acid as antioxidant and antiaging. Rutin and caffeic acid were tested for their antioxidant properties using the DPPH, H 2 O 2 , ABTS radical scavenging, and FRAP assays. Meanwhile, their antiaging activities were examined by collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase inhibitory assays. The study drew on the evidence of antioxidant and antiaging properties from the scavenging, ferric ion reducing, and inhibitory activities of rutin and caffeic acid (in ascending order): in scavenging DPPH free radicals (IC 50 of rutin = 5.79 µg/mL, IC 50 of caffeic acid = 8.72 µg/mL), scavenging H 2 O 2 ( IC 50 rutin = 12.09 µg/ml, IC 50 caffeic acid = 15.23 µg/mL), reducing ABTS (IC 50 caffeic acid = 6.23 µg/mL, IC 50 rutin = 16.59 µg/mL), reducing ferric ions at 50 µg/mL (FRAP of rutin = 480.08 µM Fe(II)/µg, FRAP of caffeic acid= 526.50 µM Fe(II)/µg), inhibiting collagenase (IC 50 caffeic acid = 74.42 µg/mL, IC 50 rutin = 104.70 µg/mL), inhibiting elastase (IC 50 rutin = 46.88 µg/mL, IC 50 caffeic acid = 76.95 µg/mL), inhibiting tyrosinase (IC 50 rutin = 55.65 µg/mL, IC 50 caffeic acid = 145.91 µg/mL), and inhibiting hyaluronidase (IC 50 rutin = 114.07 µg/mL, IC 50 caffeic acid= 244.45 µg/mL). Rutin and caffeic acid have the potentials as antiaging and antioxidant.


contains notices to the public of the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules. SUMMARY: The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) is proposing to revise the Agency's existing regulation for pattern of violations (POV). MSHA has determined that the existing regulation does not adequately achieve the intent of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (Mine Act) that the POV provision be used to address operators who have demonstrated a disregard for the safety and health of miners. Congress included the POV provision in the Mine Act so that operators would manage safety and health conditions at mines and find and fix the root causes of significant and substantial (S&S) violations to protect the safety and health of miners. The proposal would simplify the existing POV criteria, improve consistency in applying the POV criteria, and more adequately achieve the statutory intent. It would also encourage chronic violators to comply with the Mine Act and MSHA's safety and health standards.


thermore, President Getulio Vargas experienced relatively little difficulty in suppressing the movement in 1938. Still, even as he emphasizes the AIB's strength, Klein highlights its weaknesses. One was in the area of leadership. Klein regards Salgado as undistinguished and timid, and some of the most interesting passages of the book describe Integralist criticism of his refusal to unleash a revolution. Indeed, Klein asserts that Salgado's disciplining of Gustavo Barroso reflected the Chief's need to stem dissatisfaction within the movement, rather than suppress his colleague's vitriolic anti-Semitism.


A 56–year‐old woman is reported with malignant histiocytosis which for 17 months was confined to the skin but eventually involved lymph nodes, blood and bone marrow. Using DN'A measurements by flow cytometry a clonal evolution from an abnormal hyperdiploid to a hypotetraploid cell clone took place when the patient went from the cutaneous to the disseminated phase of the disease. Thus DNA measurements upon tumours may predict the transition from the cutaneous to the disseminated stage.


One of the important capabilities offered by the General Purpose Simulation Language (GPSS) is the preemption capability. This capability is of use in modeling many real situations in which it is necessary to interrupt an ongoing activity before it comes to completion on a natural basis, e.g., failure of equipment in a manufacturing context; completion of an input or output activity in a multiprogrammed computing system; routing of roving vehicles, such as police cruisers, to a point of crisis; or simply providing immediate service to a high-priority demand which has occurred. Preemption logic is potentially quite complicated, including as it does the need to specify how the interrupted ongoing activity is to be handled, both at the time of preemption and subsequent to that time. This tutorial will explore various aspects of the preemption topic as implemented in GPSS.


The advent of single-molecule third generation sequencing technologies provide new possibilities for the detection of fusion transcripts in sequencing data. Here, we test three long-read fusions detection tools on simulated data, compare various tooling parameters and compare the performance between long-read and short-read fusion detection tools. We also use our fusion transcript detection pipeline to describe fusions transcripts detected in U87 and U937 glioblastoma cell lines. We find that LongGF is the most capable of the long-read fusion detect tools at identifying the most simulated fusion transcripts. While the short read fusion transcript detection tool, Arriba, had similar recall to some of the long-read tools, its precision was found to be much lower. Several fusions with ample evidence were found in u87 and u937 cell lines.


Regional analgesia may contribute to reducing the intensity of pain associated with labour and delivery. Emphasis on reducing side effects of regional anaesthesia has resulted in new concepts of receptor-specific drug therapy that takes advantage of synergistic interactions of various pharmacologic compounds. Recent research demonstrates that a high degree of maternal satisfaction can be obtained by offering patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). This method does not sacrifice the principles of maternal and fetal safety.


abstract:The debate concerning the identity of Arabs in Israel involves a dimension that has not yet been studied—the hybrid identity of a stateless minority. The definition of Israel as a Jewish state, the fact that Arabs in Israel do not take part in the country's Independence Day, and the emergence of a national movement among Arabs in Israel demanding cultural but not territorial autonomy are major factors that foreground this status of Arabs in Israel. The current study focuses on the influence of activist Arab groups—political, literary, and journalistic—within the Israeli Communist Party. The party operated as a group of "populist intellectuals" immediately following its consent to the Palestine Partition Plan. The goal of the Communist Party was to engineer the identity of the Palestinian collectivity in Israel as a hybrid identity adapted to the political and territorial circumstances in the aftermath of the War of 1948.


Conventional urea biosensors strongly require large well-known amount of urea sample with reagents under analysis. Due to which a troublesome task of collecting high amount of sample and expensive reagents originates. In this paper, we have reported a reagentless disposable impedimetric urea biosensor. For this objective, urease enzyme was immobilized into the matrix of porous silica sol-gel. Meanwhile, silica sol-gel quality was improved by supplementation of polyethylene glycol. For the impedimetric study, gold screen printed electrodes were fabricated onto the surface of alumina substrate. Optimization of the parameters like urease concentration, urea concentration, pH and temperature were done to find best suitable conditions for the biosensor. Characterization of the resulting biosensor was done by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Immobilization and biosensor's response was studied by electrochemical impedimetric method. It is found that the resulting biosensor had response time of only 6-7 seconds. It requires only 2-3 drops of sample. The linear response corresponds to 0.001mM to 70mM. As the impedimetric method of urea biosensing is simple, cheap and efficient, it can find practical utilization.


Abstract A brief overview of some approaches to cosmological gravitational lensing is given. Emphasis is placed on the geometric structure of our past null cone, particularly the wavefront catastrophes imprinted on it by the hierarchical galaxy distribution. We conjecture on the natural fractal-like limit of this imprinting process and give some applications to studies of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Finally, some of the outstanding problems in observational cosmology are discussed.


Abstract Electrochemical transformations provide enticing opportunities for programmable, residue‐specific peptide modifications. Herein, we harness the potential of amidic side‐chains as underutilized handles for late‐stage modification through the development of an electroauxiliary‐assisted oxidation of glutamine residues within unprotected peptides. Glutamine building blocks bearing electroactive side‐chain N,S‐acetals are incorporated into peptides using standard Fmoc‐SPPS. Anodic oxidation of the electroauxiliary in the presence of diverse alcohol nucleophiles enables the installation of high‐value N,O‐acetal functionalities. Proof‐of‐principle for an electrochemical peptide stapling protocol, as well as the functionalization of dynorphin B, an endogenous opioid peptide, demonstrates the applicability of the method to intricate peptide systems. Finally, the site‐selective and tunable electrochemical modification of a peptide bearing two discretely oxidizable sites is achieved.


A simple continued fraction technique for obtaining eigenvalues of some quantum mechanical problems with minimum effort is presented. The technique is intended for presentation prior to a rigorous discussion of these same problems.


give the ackle public the new resorts that Renoites thought it wanted. As the author correctly suggests, this story deaes Rothman's "devil's bargains" model in which tourists' needs often push aside residents to the point of compromising their sense of place.1 Barber observes that Renoites, anxious to promote local prosperity and shift taxes increasingly onto visitors, were complicit in the wholesale dedication of their downtown to amusement—a position that they are now struggling to change. Barber's volume is an informative account of Reno's big gamble— repeatedly risking its reputation and natural appeal in the pursuit of proat; the author's conceptual framework enlightens the text throughout. But the interdisciplinary works about place identity that suggest her framework appear only in the book's introduction. Except for a brief discussion relating Thorstein Veblen's theory of conspicuous consumption to Reno's commodiacation (113), Barber makes no further reference to interdisciplinary methods and scholarship. Her brief three-page conclusion would have beneated from one more discussion of relevant andings in a variety of aelds, enabling her to suggest "additional models that more clearly explain a wider range of experiences" (10) in the study of western tourism. Such models, along with her own, would allow tourism scholars to move beyond Rothman's unidirectional paradigm.


Traditional low-order regional Markov Random Fields (MRF)model is difficult to accurately describe the global connectivity of complex natural images and often leads to the over-smoothing of the segmentation results. To solve this problem, a high-order MRF image segmentation model with robust local spatial information is proposed. Firstly, the proposed model introduces the local spatial relationship of the image by using the Hamming distance between the neighborhood pixels in the local region, then establishes a weighted Gaussian mixture likelihood feature between the label space and the pixel intensity field, which provides the local spatial consistency constraint; Secondly, the spatial global constraint relationship of the far away distance is introduced based on the Robust $\mathrm{P}^{n}$ model, and the regional label consistency constraint of the MRF image segmentation model is established. Finally, based on Bayesian theory, a high-order MRF energy model with robust local spatial information for image segmentation is proposed, and the proposed model is optimized by Gibbs sampling algorithm. Compared with Traditional low-order regional MRF model, experimental result shows that the proposed model can provide a better segmentation.


Development of pharmacological manipulations that facilitate extinction of emotional memory may lead to improvement in treatment effectiveness for anxiety disorders such as PTSD, and drug dependency. The first part of this paper explains Pavlovian fear conditioning and conditioned place preference which are typically used to measure aversive and euphoric emotional memories respectively. The next part explains behavioral mechanisms of the extinction of conditioned fear responses and reviews important findings on the role of the amygdala, hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex in the extinction of emotional memory. The final part reviews the latest studies on involvement of brain glutamatergic NMDA receptors in the extinction. In conclusion, partial NMDA receptor agonist, D-cycloserine, may have potential clinical benefits. (Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology, 26(1) : 27-39, 2008.)


For systems with parallel components, the variable of primary importance is the maximum of the failure times of the different components. In this paper, we study the exact probability distribution of the maximum failure time. Explicit expressions are derived for the cumulative distribution function, probability density function, hazard rate function, moment-generating function, nth moment, variance, skewness, kurtosis, mean deviation, Shannon entropy, and the order statistics. Estimation procedures are derived by the methods of moments and maximum likelihood. We expect that these results could be useful for performance assessment of parallel systems.


Bitcoin Cryptocurrency is an advanced decentralized electronic payment system which stores all the transaction records in a public ledger connected to the blockchain. Many cyber-attacks including Double-Spending, Distributed denial-of-service (DDOS), Sybil attack and Dust attack, have been targeting Blockchain-based application Cryptocurrency, mainly Bitcoin cryptocurrency. In this paper, the proposed DUST-MASK, a secure Bitcoin system against dust attack, protects Bitcoin's availability and pseudo-anonymity from attackers sending dust transactions in order to analyze the data and link the transactions to a specific user. The proposed system will inform the user of those kinds of malicious transactions and guarantee the user a choice whether to accept or reject them.


Barium-promoted cobalt catalysts supported on carbon exhibit higher ammonia activities at synthesis temperatures than the commercial, multipromoted iron catalyst and also a lower ammonia inhibition.


The proliferation of low cost Internet of Things (IoT) devices demands new encryption mechanisms over their wireless communication channel. Traditional public key cryptography (PKC) demands high computational power and is not suitable for low power IoT devices, making them vulnerable to more powerful eavesdroppers. Recent advances in physical layer security (PLS) exploits common wireless channel statistics to generate symmetrical keys, but require accurate channel estimation and a high communication signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). As most embedded and underground IoT devices operate in low communication SNR regimes, they cannot reliably use either PKC nor PLS encryption.
Many IoT devices monitor underground networked assets such as water, oil, gas, and electrical networks. Here, we propose to exploit the monitored physical dynamics data to act as a basis for encrypting the digital information. Graph Layer Security (GLS) is proposed for the first time here, as a way to encode networked physical assets' information via their graph signal processing properties. Our approach is premised on the exploitation of networked correlation in nonlinear physical dynamics for encryption and decryption. We achieve this using Koopman operator linearisation and Graph Fourier Transform (GFT) sparsification. The resulting GLS encryption scheme, like PLS, do not require the exchange of keys or a public key, and is not reliant on wireless channel properties. Using real world examples, we demonstrate remarkably secure wireless communication encryption. We believe the technology has widespread applicability in secure health monitoring for Digital Twins in challenging radio environments and conclude our seminal paper with a discussion on future development challenges.


This paper presents a rear obstacle detection system based on depth information obtained from Kinect sensor. The proposed system can be used for parking assistance applications and backup aid. It improves the false detection rate in single view based algorithms by using depth information. In addition, real distance to obstacles can be calculated by depth information. It is possible to alarm to driver effectively according to distance. Although the proposed system is based on conventional edge detection algorithm, we confirm the feasibility of combining depth map with color image by improving the accuracy of detection. Experimental results show that depth fusion based obstacle detection algorithm is more accurate than single view based algorithms in terms of false detection rate.


We propose a new TCP-friendly multicast congestion control for very large groups of receivers. This protocol named M2C is layered and receiver-driven. Like TCP, M2C is composed of a Congestion Avoidance and a Slow Start state. However, M2C can re-activate the Slow Start when the current rate is far below the fair one. This protocol is well designed for continuous and long lived data streams, such as multicast IPTV. We study M2C performances in terms of bandwidth-sharing fairness and loss rate. This evaluation shows that M2C is robust and TCP-friendly for most network situations. Besides, we also provide an analysis of the signaling generated. Finally, we compare M2C and WEBRC performances, showing significant improvements.


Achieving consistency in horizontal alignment, and thereby a consistent operating speed, is a primary concern to state agencies as they carry out "New Designs, Major Reconstructions or Restoration, Rehabilitation and Resurfacing Projects" in order to enhance traffic safety on two-lane rural roads. This research was undertaken to determine by regression analysis the influence of design parameters and traffic volume on operating speeds and accident rates, as related to an established data base of 261 road sections of two-lane rural State Routes in the State of New York. The parameters considered were degree of curve, length of curve, superelevation rate, gradient, sight distance, lane width, shoulder width, Average Annual Daily Traffic, and posted recommended speeds. The most successful parameters for explaining much of the variability in operating speeds and accident rates were found to be "degree of curve" or posted "recommended speed". All of the other parameters contributed a little to the strength of the relationships.


The university student psychologically healthy degree receives more and more attentions,the sports dance is indispensable constituent the Universities sports,by its unique healthy bodyfunction,the education function and the esthetic education functions having the positive influence to the university student.Auther wants to improve students good individahity though sports donce,so as to promote university studnts'mind and body heathy development.


Müller glia‐derived progenitor cells (MGPCs) have the capability to regenerate neurons in the retinas of different vertebrate orders. The formation of MGPCs is regulated by a network of cell‐signaling pathways. The purpose of this study was to investigate how BMP/Smad1/5/8‐ and TGFβ/Smad2/3‐signaling are coordinated to influence the formation of MGPCs in the chick model system. We find that pSmad1/5/8 is selectively up‐regulated in the nuclei of Müller glia following treatment with BMP4, FGF2, or NMDA‐induced damage, and this up‐regulation is blocked by a dorsomorphin analogue DMH1. By comparison, Smad2/3 is found in the nuclei of Müller glia in untreated retinas, and becomes localized to the cytoplasm following NMDA‐ or FGF2‐treatment. These findings suggest a decrease in TGFβ‐ and increase in BMP‐signaling when MGPCs are known to form. In both NMDA‐damaged and FGF2‐treated retinas, inhibition of BMP‐signaling suppressed the proliferation of MGPCs, whereas inhibition of TGFβ‐signaling stimulated the proliferation of MGPCs. Consistent with these findings, TGFβ2 suppressed the formation of MGPCs in NMDA‐damaged retinas. Our findings indicate that BMP/TGFβ/Smad‐signaling is recruited into the network of signaling pathways that controls the formation of proliferating MGPCs. We conclude that signaling through BMP4/Smad1/5/8 promotes the formation of MGPCs, whereas signaling through TGFβ/Smad2/3 suppresses the formation of MGPCs.


1. The mean proportion of nitrogen in 23 samples (representing 18 different composts) that nitrified in soil in 5 and 13 weeks was found to be 9.3 and 10.6% of the total nitrogen; this difference was not statistically significant.

2. The amount of nitrogen in composts that nitrified in soil in 5 and 13 weeks correlated significantly with the amount of organic plus inorganic nitrogen in the composts that was soluble in cold O.IN-hydrochloric acid.

3. The percentage of the total nitrogen that nitrified in soil in 13 weeks was closely correlated with the nitrogen content of the organic matter in the compost for composts prepared from similar materials (sewage sludge and straw). There was no similar correlation, however, for composts from different materials (sewage sludge and town's refuse, coir fibre, cotton-waste, etc.).


Carbamate is a highly toxic pollutant for animal, even though this insecticide is biodegradable in nature and in the food chain. The purpose of this research was to find the LC50-96 of carbamate insecticide (Marshall 200 EC) on test organism. The test organism used common carps (Cyprinus carpio L.) with 6-8 cm of length and 5,5-9 g of weight. This study used an experimental method by divided into two steps i.e. preliminary test and acute toxicity (LC50-96) tests.  Preliminary test was done without repetition and twice repetition for acute toxicity. Acute toxicity test data were analyzed by probit analysis. The result showed that LC50-96of carbamate insecticide (Marshal 200 EC) on Cyprinus carpio L. was 1,68 mgL-1.AbstrakPestisida golongan karbamat merupakan sumber pencemar yang sangat toksik bagi hewan, meskipun insektisida go-longan karbamat ini mudah terurai di alam baik pada media air maupun pada organisme dalam rantai makanan. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengukur nilai LC50-96 insektisida karbamat (Marshal 200 EC) terhadap hewan uji. Hewan uji yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) dengan panjang 6-8 cm dan bobot 5,5-9 g. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah metode eksperimental dengan dua tahapan penelitian, yaitu uji pendahuluan dan uji toksisitas akut (LC50-96). Uji pendahuluan dilakukan tanpa ulangan dan uji toksisitas akut dilakukan ulangan sebanyak dua kali. Data uji toksisitas akut dianalisis dengan analisis probit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC50-96 insektisida karbamat (Marshal 200 EC) terhadap ikan mas adalah 1,68 mgL-1.


In contrast to the random inactivation of either maternal or paternal X-chromosome in the somatic cells of eutherian mammals, in marsupials the paternal X-chromosome is preferentially inactivated in all cells. Similar exclusively paternal X-inactivation occurs in two extraembryonic cell lineages of mice and rats. Thus, genetic imprinting is an important feature of X-inactivation. In embryonic development the initiation of X-inactivation is thought to occur through the X-inactivation centre, located on the X-Chromosome, and thus imprinting probably acts through this centre. A candidate gene for a role in the inactivation centre is Xist (X inactive specific transcript) which is expressed only from the inactive X-Chromosome. The expression of Xist in the mouse embryo is appropriate for it to be a cause rather than a consequence of inactivation. It appears before inactivation, and only the paternal allele is expressed in the extraembryonic lineages. In the germ cells also changes in X-chromosome activity are accompanied by changes in Xist expression. Studies of methylation of the Xist gene have shown that in male tissues where Xist is not active it is fully methylated, whereas in the female the allele on the active X-chromosome only is methylated. In male germ cells, where Xist is expressed, it is demethylated and the demethylation persists in mature spermatozoa. Thus a methylation difference in germ cells could possibly be the imprint. In androgenotes, with paternally derived chromosomes, Xist is expressed at the 4-cell stage, whereas in gynogenotes and parthenogenotes expression does not appear until the blastocyst stage. Thus, Xist expression shows imprinting. When expression appears in parthenogenotes it is random, suggesting that the imprint has been lost. The Xist gene has no open reading frame and is thought to act through mRNA but its function is unknown.


It is an honour for me to reflect on a momentous period in the evolution of South Africa's Public Health. In 1979, Wits University appointed its first full-time Chair of Community Health to a post, which had been approved four years earlier. The delay in filling the post was a product of bureaucratic challenge and uncertainty around the job description of the incumbent. The bureaucratic challenge centred on the post being a tri-partite appointment, with the successful candidate answerable to the National Department of Health, the Provincial Department of Hospital Services, and the University of the Witwatersrand. A further complication was that most public health activities took place under the auspices of the Johannesburg Municipality which was not a part of the tri-partite arrangement but which had a strong presence on the selection committee. (Published: 24 January 2013) Citation: Glob Health Action 2013, 6 : 20095 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v6i0.20095


The use of drugs or radiation to attack cancerous cells often leaves the treatment material within the body where it could affect healthy cells or damages healthy tissue; as is the case with traditional invasive surgery. An alternative approach is the creation of a nano machine that is directed to its target (the cancerous tissue), then activated to engage cancerous cells and 'surgically' induce controlled apoptosis. A magneto-mechanical device composed of nanomagnets that potentially meets this objective is thus predicated. The magnetic particles must be bio-functionalised for 'in-body' use where their uniqueness allows precise tracking and manipulation. In order to bio-functionalize magnetic particles they have to be embedded in a biocompatible coating or shell. Even enclosed within a biological entity the application of magnetic field gradients result in significant forces acting upon the magnetic particles. As such, single domain, ferromagnetic particles can be used inside the body for a number of applications. The lack of naturally occurring ferromagnetic particles inside the human body allows the bio-functionalized particles to be detectable, without the interference of noise from the host environment. Therefore, it is of paramount importance, for medical applications, to understand exactly how the magnetic particles will respond to a magnetic field gradient. Accordingly, the magnetic response of a system of four interacting magnetic particles is examined and it is shown that such a system can be optimised for targeting cancer cells and performing nano-surgical operations. The range of magnetic field required for such nanomedical applications is specified and the connection of these applications to different phase transitions arising in the magnetic field is described.


ABSTRACT We study the relationship between positional preferences (i.e., preferences concerning the relative rank or position in comparison to others) and narcissism. We use six 'money burning' mini-dictator games to measure positional preferences. Two dimensions of narcissism are distinguished: narcissistic admiration (self-enhancement through searching for being admired) and narcissistic rivalry (self-defence through an antagonistic orientation towards others). Controlling for other relevant individual characteristics such as the Big Five personality traits and gender, we find evidence that narcissistic admiration is a negative predictor and narcissistic rivalry a positive predictor of positional preferences. We further find exploratory evidence that studying business or economics as a major (versus minor) subject is associated with less positional preferences and that the relationships between narcissism and positional preferences are mediated by decision makers' expectations with regard to other players' choices.


In this paper the notion of a group of equivalence transformations of the family of differential equations is considered. Moreover invariants of Lie groups are investigated. By using these tools some problems from mathematical physics such as: transformations of potential in the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, neutron diffusion problem and relations in Maxwell and material equations have been studied.


We present an extensive study of non-minimally flavour violating (NMFV) terms in the Lagrangian of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). We impose a variety of theoretical and experimental constraints and perform a detailed scan of the parameter space by means of a Markov Chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) setup. This represents the first study of several non-zero flavour-violating elements within the MSSM. We present the results of the MCMC scan with a special focus on the flavour-violating parameters. Based on these results, we define benchmark scenarios for future studies of NMFV effects at the LHC.


Modified atmospheres present a residue-free alternative to fumigants for controlling postharvest pests of grain during storage. How sub-lethal applications of this method affects the reproductive fitness of target pests, however, is still not fully understood. We examined how low levels of ambient oxygen influence the reproduction of the female cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus), a pest of cowpea. We used three low-oxygen atmospheres—2%, 5% and 10% (v/v) oxygen—and observed their effects on: (1) the number of eggs laid by bruchids compared to insects held in normoxic (~20% oxygen) conditions; (2) the total number of eggs laid; and (3) the number of progeny that reached maturity. Low oxygen did not significantly affect the number of eggs laid during 48 or 72 h of exposure, but 2% and 5% oxygen did negatively affected total egg production. Increasing the exposure time from 48 to 72 h further depressed lifetime reproductive output. Maternal and egg exposure to hypoxia reduced the number of progeny that reached adulthood. Lower adult emergence was observed from eggs laid under low oxygen and longer exposure times. These data demonstrate that hermetic conditions depress the egg-laying behavior of cowpea bruchids and the successful development of their progeny.


Objective To investigate the effect on the expression of microvascular density(MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in hepatic implantation tumor after 125Ⅰ radioactive particles implanted,the correlation between MVD and VEGF,the relationship between them and the image and pathology characters in VX2 hepatic implantation tumor.To evaluate the therapeutic effect and angiogenesis of the rabbit VX2 hepatic implantation tumor.Method 36 rabbits with VX2 hepatic implantation tumor were collected and randomized into six groups,Group A: six rabbits,control group;group B: thirty rabbits,particle group.When 1w,2w,1m,2m,3m after operation,the rabbits were sacrificed and the tumors were taken out.detect the size and the growth of the tumor,and then immunohistochemistry were performed to demonstrate the expression of VEGF and CD31 to find the change and effect of the tumor after 125Ⅰ radioactive particles implanted.Result The size of the tumor decreased after the treatment in group B.The tumor size in group A enlarged obviously,and there was significant difference between this rate and the rates of the group B(P0.01).VEGF protein was detected by immunohistochemistry,the expression intensity in the group A is the highest.Compared with the data of the group B,it had obvious differences(P0.01).The right rate of the group B(13%) was lower than that of group A(15.4%),but there was significant difference between them(P0.05).Conclusion Rabbit VX2 hepatic implantation tumor is a tumor with sufficient blood supply.125Ⅰ radioactive particles implanted can obviously depress the expression of VEGF and lessen angiogenesis of the tumor.And the treatments can inhibit the growth of the tumor implanted on the rabbits.


The increasing emphasis upon the social character of the Mass has occasioned a renewed appreciation of the function of the server and has underlined the propriety and even urgency of his presence arising from the nature itself of the Sacrifice. This element of propriety has been fortified, of course, and elevated to the status of obligation by the law of canon 813. Nevertheless, it has also been observed consistently that there is no contradiction, absurdity, or deficiency in a Mass celebrated without a server, or indeed without any attendant at all. With characteristic perception the late Pope Pius XII expressed this balance of ideas, though in the reverse order, in his celebrated Encyclical on the liturgy, Mediator Dei: "While it is clear, from the foregoing explanation, that the Mass is offered in the name of Christ and of the Church, and that it is not lacking even in its social significance though it be celebrated by a priest without any acolyte in attendance, nonetheless, as befits the reverence due to a liturgy so sublime as this, it is Our insistent will (as in fact it has ever been the law of Mother Church) that no priest should approach the altar without a server present to assist and answer him, according to the principle of canon 813." In the historical application of this principle there has not been any doubt that Mass could sometimes be offered not only without incongruity but also legally and morally in the absence of any server. It is admitted, in other words, that the canon to which the Holy Father referred as the precedent and norm of his own insistence is not absolute or inflexible. The problem has always been rather to determine the precise limits of its flexibility, especially with reference to the perplexing case in which, apart from any compelling necessity, the priest must either celebrate without a server or abstain from offering the Holy Sacrifice altogether. I have referred to a renewed awareness, on the part of the faithful generally, of the social implications of the Mass. It is the purpose of this note to suggest an inquiry into the understanding, on the part of priests generally, of the extension of this law to the ultimate dilemma of Mass without a server or no Mass, and what, if any, canonical significance such an understanding might have.


Nonfunctional retroperitoneal paragangliomas are rare tumors. They are defined as extra-adrenal chromaffin tumors and represent about 20% of chromaffin tumors. They are often asymptomatic and can grow to large dimensions. We report the observation of a 67-year-old patient admitted to the operating room for right total nephrectomy for right hilar renal tumor and whose intraoperative dissection of the renal pedicle could demonstrate an exorenal mass. Anatomopathological analysis was in favor of a paraganglioma. Malignant forms, more frequent than benign forms, present a locoregional invasion and metastasize late. The management of paragangliomas must be multidisciplinary but only surgical treatment is curative. However, there is no consensus on the usefulness of complementary therapies, which can nevertheless be used as a symptomatic adjunct. Paragangliomas are genetic in 25% of cases. A genetic investigation must be systematically proposed.


The utility model relates to an automatic Cd-Ni cell pulse charger, comprising a voltage transformation rectification circuit, a voltage detection and comparison circuit, a timing circuit, an automatic switching circuit, a charging circuit with large current, a charging circuit with small current, a rechargeable battery, a casing of a charger, etc. The charging program of The utility model can be carried out by two stages; firstly, the circuit is large; then the circuit is small. The voltage is used for controlling, when the charging with large current is carried out; the time is used for controlling, when the charging with small current is carried out. When the large current is switched into the small current, the switching voltage can be set according to different parameters, for adapting the chargeable cells with different threshold voltages. The utility model has convenient operation, safety, energy saving, high speed, full charging capacity, no heating and long service life of the cell.


This article analyses the functioning of colour naming in a poetical text. The authors identify the features of its semantic and aesthetical implementation, as well as their role in the structure of poetic images.


On behalf of the County Departments and Constitutional Officers, I am pleased to present the FY 2012 adopted budget. The budget is balanced at the countywide rate of 4.7815 mills, which is 1.92% below the roll back rate. This rate will generate $595.4 million in taxes, $7.9 million less than last year and $93.2 million less than FY 2007. Total ad valorem taxes, under the authority of the Board of County Commissioners (BCC), are down $123.4 million compared to FY 2007. Balancing the budget was challenging and required difficult funding decisions. This was accomplished by a careful review of County operations and capital project requirements. This year's cuts include $19 million to County Departments and Agencies and $1 million to reserves. A major component of the County Departments' cuts/reduced funding (approximately $7 million) was from the reduced FRS pension contribution rate. The majority of this savings is from the new 3% employee contribution. The Sheriff's budget is flat compared to FY 2011. However, without the reduced FRS pension contribution rate, the Sheriff's budget would have seen an increase of approximately $18 million. Reducing the levels of service in many programs is necessary to maintain funding for nearly all of the services that the Board has traditionally supplied to County residents and visitors. Funding will be available to keep commitments to employees (union contracts) and to provide adequate supplies, materials and equipment so they can perform their jobs safely and satisfactorily.


Abstract : The performance of a 16-in., 6-bladed propeller in waves was determined experimentally, and the records of the time-dependent fluctuating propeller forces are analyzed. Various wave lengths, wave heights, and frequencies of encounter were investigated with the propeller advancing normal to the wave crests at each of two fixed shaft centerline submergences. The results indicate that the orbital velocities of the waves have a significant effect, causing fluctuations of the advance coefficient and corresponding fluctuations of the thrust and torque coefficients. The local advance coefficients have been determined by calculating the mean orbital velocities of the waves in way of the propeller disk from trochoidal wave theory. The thrust and torque coefficients for the propeller when operating below wave crests and wave troughs were plotted against their local advance coefficients, and the results were in good agreement with the open-water characteristic curves for the propeller in uniform flow. It is concluded that the performance of a propeller in waves may be predicted from a q quasi-steady state analysis.


COVID-19, which is still hitting Indonesia today, has made learning that was previously a face-to-face system to be changed to distance education. Teachers are required to have the competence to make distance learning media that is fun for students so that the expected learning objectives can be achieved, one of them is by making learning videos. This study aimed at analyzing the use of animated video media in early childhood. This research used a quantitative research approach with a descriptive survey method. The samples were 28 students who received animation video media stimulation from three teachers at the school. This research used Quasi Experiment Method. Hypothesis testing used the previous t-test in the form of prerequisite tests for normality analysis and homogeneity of variance. The study result indicated the value of 0.000 < 0.05, so there was an average difference between the pretest and posttest learning outcomes, which means that there was an effect of using peer tutor learning strategies in improving learning outcomes .


On May 2017, a 7-year-old girl presented an erythematous, scaly and pruritic plaque on the right hand. Affecting palm and lateral parts of the fingers with pustules and vesicles. Also she had another plaque on the right thigh with a similar aspect with vesicular borders (Figure 1A & 1B). Her lesions had a 14-day history. The patient has a mouse and a recent adopted cat as pets. The KOH direct examination showed abundat hyphae. T. mentagrophytes was isolated and the specie was confirmed by PCR. The bacteriological culture was negative. The biopsy showed hyphae in the corneal layer and an inflammatory lymphocytic and eosinophilic infiltrate (Figure 2A & 2B). The diagnose was inflammatory tinea manuum due to T. mentagrophytes and her treatment was with itraconazole 100mg every 48hours for a month with successful results.4


A review of inversion problems based on generalized scattering including transmission, deflection,reflection and diffraction of seismic waves is presented,concerning various mathematical and physical theories and basic assumptions applied in sieving problems of back scattering of seismic waves which are represented by nolinear partial differential equations. The devlopmenls of corresponding mathematical techniques and their shortcomings are introduced. The difficulties encountered in inversion of strong scattering wave produced by strong heterogeneity of geological structure arc discussed. The prospective measures are proposed.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: scanning device includes a radiation source; a stationary shield plate and a rotary shield body positioned respectively between the radiation source and the subject to be scanned, wherein the stationary shield plate is fixed relative to the radiation source, and the rotary shield body rotates relative to the stationary shield plate. The beam passing area permitting beams from the radiation source to pass through the stationary shield plate is provided on the stationary shield plate, and a beam incidence area and a beam exit area are respectively provided on the rotary shield body. During the process of rotating and scanning of the rotary shield body, the beam passing area of the stationary shield plate intersects consecutively with the beam incidence area and the beam exit area of the rotary shield body to form scanning collimation holes. Further, a scanning method using a radiation beam for backscatter imaging is also provided. EFFECT: enabling use of a novel mechanism for forming a flying spot to achieve improved flying spot scanning in backscattering mode. 12 cl, 3 dwg


The heat-kernel of a graph is computed by exponentiating the Laplacian eigen-system with time. In this paper, we study the heat kernel mapping of the nodes of a graph into a vector-space. Specifically, we investigate whether the resulting point distribution can be used for the purposes of graphclustering. Our characterisation is based on the covariance matrix of the point distribution. We explore the relationship between the covariance matrix and the heat kernel, and demonstrate the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix are found be exponentiating the Laplacian eigenvalues with time. We apply the technique to images from the COIL database, and demonstrate that it leads to well defined graph clusters.


The Eagle Ford Shale is an emerging shale gas play in South Texas. Seismic data from the area are dominated by high amplitude reflections from carbonates and salt. The combination of land acquisition and processing challenges can produce noisy 3D seismic data volumes that are difficult to interpret. Structurally oriented noise reduction techniques remove noise while preserving signal, creating a volume that is easier to interpret. Seismic attributes calculated on the cleaner data provide a better picture of the subtle stratigraphy in this area.


A remote control system (RCS) can monitor a user's confidential information by using the broadcast receivers in Android OS. However, the current RCS detection methods are based only on a virus vaccine. Therefore, if the user's smartphone is infected by a brand new RCS, these methods cannot detect this new RCS immediately. In this paper, we present a secure message transmission medium. This medium is completely isolated from networks and can communicate securely through a QR code channel by using symmetric key cryptography such as the AES block cipher and public key cryptography such as elliptic curve cryptography for providing security. Therefore, the RCS cannot detect any confidential information. This approach is completely immune to any RCS attacks. Furthermore, we present a secure QR code-based key exchange protocol by using the elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman method and message transmission protocols; the proposed protocol has high usability and is very secure.


From the Inner Mongolia medicinal plant, Saussurea petrovii , which was collected in the suburb of Lanzhou city, Gansu province of China, a colourless gum compound was isolated. The compound was identified as a new eudesmane type sesquiterpene ester, petroviin, by MS and NMR. The structure of petroviin was determined by two dimensional NMR spectroscopy for the first time. All the \{\}\+1H and \{\}\+\{13\}C NMR resonances were assigned unambiguously. The relative configuration of petroviin was also evaluated.


Land valuation has emerged as a result of the need to determine the cost of a land objectively and impartially. Satisfying of the need to accurately estimate the value of the land, it is possible to objectively evaluate and analyze the data used. In this context, many methods have been developed to determine the land valuation. Nominal asset land valuation method is one of the most important land valuation methods; it helps to provide more consistent information about the land in an accurate and fair way by using its environmental conditions, physical characteristics and relations with social-cultural centers. Besides being important this method, it is also important to process spatial and non-spatial data, to manage and organize the process, and to do all of this through an information system. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is an important information technology that enables this process management to be performed in the most appropriate way. GIS as well as in many areas allows the realization of land valuation.


To provide an overview of water utility information systems and the extent of computer use, a direct mail survey of all water utilities serving populations of 2,000 or more in the tri-state area - Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky - was conducted. The following was determined: 1) utility profile information, e.g., public/private ownership, age, number of accounts, etc.; 2) an assessment of the degree of computerization presently in place to perform various functions; and 3) an assessment of any plans that the utilities may have for future computerization.

To analyze the data, an index of computerization was defined as the number of departments or major activity areas of each utility that presently have some computerization. The relationship between the degree of computerization (measured by this index) and a utility's profile in terms of population served, annual revenue generated, and the number of customer accounts is discussed for each state in the survey. Discriminant analysis revealed strong significant differences between utilities that plan to use computers and those that do not. The differences were identified by the authors. Survey results revealed a rather limited use of computers in the tri-state area. Enormous potential exists in small and medium sized utilities for computerization to improve operational efficiency.


Evaporation experiments were undertaken to determine the volatility of parts-per-million concentrations of boron in water and dilute HCl in the presence and absence of equimolar mannitol and/or cesium. Multiple 10 mL aliquots prepared identically were evaporated to various extents or just to dryness and heated 10−20 min after reaching dryness under filtered air at 60 °C. Boron was only retained quantitatively in water during evaporation and after reaching dryness in the presence of equimolar mannitol and cesium. Boron was retained quantitatively in dilute HCl solution during evaporation, without mannitol or cesium. But it could be retained when the dilute HCl just reached dryness and thereafter only in the presence of equimolar mannitol. Isotopic measurements of the evaporating solutions and residues indicate that the heavier isotope, 11B, is preferentially lost from the near- neutral and acidic solutions examined. The results are pertinent for procedures requiring preconcentration of boron.


This article mainly discusses three constructions involving the licensing of non-core arguments in Mandarin,which in turn fall into a couple of licensing type:the first one can be represented by constructions like "chi shitang (吃食堂)" ,in which non-core arguments occupy normal argument positions. This construction is of a peculiar type and determined by lexical characteristics in Chinese. In constructions of the second type,exemplified by those like "wo shao-le ta sanjian fang (我烧了他三间房)","ta duan-le yitiao tui (他断了一条腿)" ,non-core arguments project independent argument positions,which exhibits a rather universal character and involves applicative operations. Interesting correlations are also found between transitive and unaccusative applicative constructions.


The research described in this paper is aimed at developing a methodology for remote determination of arable soil quality in the form of a bonita score using high-resolution spectral images. To achieve this goal, the dependencies between the values of the soil bonitet score and the spectral characteristics of satellite images of land cover areas were established. The geospatial models of soil cover scoring were verified, the results of which show a fairly high degree of correlation between the results of traditional soil scoring and remote sensing (NDSI, r = 0.91), the error value of the soil cover score for individual agricultural production groups of soils ranges from 1 to 12 points. It is found that despite the traditionally established use of vegetation indices to determine the state of crops, their use to determine the level of soil fertility is no less informative. It has been shown that the paired use of NDVI and NDSI values allows for the construction of relevant equations for remote determination of soil fertility, where the first of them acts as an auxiliary (clarifying) index, and the second as an effective working index.


Is it possible to measure the quality of overall governance in a developing Asian country? Are present measures robust enough to allow the ranking of countries along a continuum from well-governed to poorly-governed? Should these rankings be used by donor agencies and private investors in making investment decisions? Despite the complexity and diversity of approaches of governance systems, there are various qualitative and quantitative tools being used in the region. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of some of these tools will be analyzed, and some lessons will be derived showing how the prudent use of governance indicators can help development agencies and private investors.


Resilience is the capacity of a society or infrastructure to resist, adapt, and recover after being impacted by an extreme event. In this chapter, the authors focus on measuring how much the road infrastructure is able to withstand the appearance of extreme events. An extreme event will be represented by an intentional (e.g., perpetrated attacks) or unintentional (e.g., as result of climate extreme event) damage on the routes or intersections of the road network within a city. To do this, the authors measure the primary characteristics of urban networks in order to understand their morphology (i.e., the way in which they were constructed). Then, they evaluated the resistance capacity of different points of the road networks with three types of attacks: random, directed, and localized. The first results of this study show the fragility of some roads and intersections before the appearance of extreme phenomena. These results can be exploited by those in charge of public management and then converted into policies.


Adaptivity is almost universally used in metal forming applications. As useful as it is, there are certain inefficiencies in its execution which are a result of the way in which it was implemented. The current approach requires a significant amount of I/O and code serialization. A new method is being developed in MPPDYNA which not only performs the adaptivity in parallel, but without exiting the solution loop. The current status of this work is presented.


Background and Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have emerged as breakthrough treatments for myocardial infarction. However, the efficacy of MSC remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate treatment effect of MSC in terms of mechanical, regenerative, and clinical outcomes for patients with myocardial infarction (MI) using meta-analysis. Methods A systematic search and critical review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane database literature published from inception through December 2017 was performed. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials, studies on patients with myocardial infarction, and studies compared with placebo as a control group. Results A total of 950 patients from 14 randomized placebo controlled trials were included in the final meta-analysis. MSC treatment showed benefits for mechanical, regenerative, and clinical outcomes. In terms of mechanical outcomes, the LVEF of the MSC treatment group increased by 3.84% (95% CI: 2.32~5.35, I2=43) and the effect was maintained for up to 24 months. Regenerative outcomes were measured by scar mass and WMSI. Scar mass was reduced by −1.13 (95% CI: −1.80 to −0.46, I2=71) and WMSI was reduced by −0.05 (95% CI: −0.07 to −0.03, I2=45) at 6 months after MSC treatment. Mortality rate and incidence of re-hospitalization for HF in MSC group patients trended toward reduced incidence compared to the control group, although this was not statistically significant because of the low event rate. Conclusions The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that MSCs can be beneficial in improving heart function in the treatment of MI. However, the efficacy of MSCs must be further explored through large randomized controlled trials based on rigorous research design.


With rapid growth of data processing, computing, and communication in the architecture of High Performance Computing (HPC), traditional TCP/IP network cannot meet the increasing demand for high thr...


Abstract Negishi-type arylation of trialkylsulfonium salts with arylzinc reagents has been accomplished under nickel catalysis. The use of cyclohexanethiol as an additional ligand was found to be particularly important to promote C–S cleavage. The present reaction accommodates one-pot arylation of dialkyl sulfides by combining with S-methylation with MeOTf. Mechanistic experiments suggest that C–S cleavage would proceed via single-electron transfer (SET) to generate the most stable carbon-centered radical and that the thiolate ligand would promote the C–S cleavage and radical recombination step.


The invention relates to methods and means of regulating the speed of a two-stroke combustion engine. An arrangement for alternating an ignition timing relative to a top dead center position is provided. For a given engine speed, the ignition timing may be step-wise adjustable. One or more steps may be used while alternating between two ignition timings. The ignition timing may be adjusted when the engine speed increases above a threshold engine speed.


Image retrieval systems are finding their applications in all automation systems, wherein automated decision needs to be taken based on the image contents. The prime requirement of such systems is to develop a very accurate coding system for maximum retrieval accuracy. Due to the processing error or surrounding errors the efficiency of such systems is reduced, so for the optimization of recognition efficiency, a linear coding for curvature based image recognition system is developed. This paper presents an approach of linear representation of curvature scale coding for an image shape descriptor. In this approach, an average curvature scale representation is done and an empirical modeling of signal decomposition is applied for feature description. In the process of empirical feature description, a spectral density based coding approach is also proposed for the selection of descriptive shape information from the extracted contour regions. This approach is named as Linear Curvature Empirical Coding (LCEC) which is simpler to derive shape features from curvature information based on linear signal representation and coding. The results show that our proposed approach performs better in comparison with previous known approaches.


This book covers simulation methodologies, computer systems and applications that will serve the simulation practitioner for the next decade. Specifically, the simulation applications range from Computer-Integrated-Manufacturing, Computer-Aided-Design, Radar and Communications, Transportation, Biomedical, Energy and the Environment, Government/Management and Social Sciences, and Training Simulators to Aerospace, Missiles and SDI. Additionally, new approaches to simulation are offered by neural networks, expert systems and parallel processing. Two applications deal with these new approaches, Intelligent Simulation Environments and Advanced Information Processing and Simulation.


In the chapter that follows I intend to examine the theoretical crossing points between
the new mobilities paradigm (Sheller and Urry 2006), Text World Theory (Werth 1999;
Gavins 2007), and Stockwell's (2009, 2011) model of literary resonance, in order to
generate a framework through which the reversals, accelerations and shifts in time in
the work of contemporary Irish poet, Eavan Boland may be effectively analysed.
Several of Boland's poems contain challenges to temporal and/or spatial normality in
order to make wider points about the nature of reality as we remember and reexperience
it. For this reason her work offers a challenging test to the framework
proposed.
 I will begin by outlining the new mobilities paradigm, and follow this with brief
outlines of Text World Theory and Stockwell's model of literary resonance in order to
show why they may be effectively combined as a theoretical framework which can be
used to address imaginative movement and mobile sense-making. This is followed by
the analysis of several examples, and some conclusions drawn from those analyses.


Highly significant differences were found when alfalfa cultivars and lines were rated for resistance to yellow leaf blotch. The data and observations indicate that resistance is complex and may be difficult to obtain by selection.


During the past ten years, there has been an increasing interest in the radiographic diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. Many patients suffering from severe hypertension have been cured by surgery. The cure rate, which varies somewhat from institution to institution, definitely seems to justify surgical repair of stenotic renal artery lesions in a carefully selected group of patients. Unfortunately, some who are operated upon for renal artery stenosis show insignificant or no alleviation of the hypertension. It is the purpose of this presentation to discuss two radiographic technics—aortography combined with pressure measurements and the urea washout test—both of which assess the physiologic alterations associated with curable renovascular hypertension, thus being helpful in selecting those patients who will benefit from surgery. Renal disease was first associated with fullness of the pulse and hypertrophy of the heart by Richard Bright in 1827 (1, 2), but exact blood pressure determinations were poss...


The objective of this paper is to provide a review of recent technological advances in texture measurement, including subjective and objective methods, from a general view of the approaches and limitations of sensory evaluation also to analyze the relationships between sensory and instrumental measurement. The dough is a complex and unstable food system that is made up of a polymeric network, gluten for wheat and gelatinized starch for corn, generating a unique structure that gives it its textural and rheological characteristics. The most relevant factors that affect the rheology of the mass are the conditions of processes during their formation, their constituents and the interaction that exists between them.


This research aims to describe mathematical representation ability of Hatyaiwittayalaisomboonkulkanya School students based on SOLO taxonomy in solving PISA problem especially change and relationship content. Data were analyzed through descriptive method with qualitative approach. Data were collected through a test using PISA problem and semi-structural interview. Test was given to Mattayom 4 students with 15-year-old average age. The result of this study showed that students with multi-structural and relational level tend to use verbal representation and students with extended abstract level tend to use verbal, visual, and mathematical expression representation in solving PISA problem on change and relationship content. Verbal representation are generally showed by writing argument, possibilities, and reasons of the final answer. Visual representation are generally showed by making diagram and table. Mathematical expression representation are generally showed by writing the reasons of final answer by using addition expression.


The time frame of this work takes place during provincial autonomy, period marked by the lack of a central or national power. In this period the Cordoba province went through many years of strong instability, with different political alliances. One of the most significant consequences of this situation was the insecurity in this area, the social order was imposed disregarding the guarantees established by law and therefore there were confiscations of property, values and political persecution that created a situation of general uncertainty. This state of affairs pushed away investments because of the high risk they were exposed to. The rate of public land sales in the campaign was significantly lower than that of vacant sites or ejidos in the peri - urban area and the sale of land between individuals. The sales movement of public land that took place in Cordoba was reduced in contrast to the significantly larger movement that took place in other areas of the country especially in Buenos Aires, where the livestock expansion demanded new areas. However, this movement represented frequently a substantial business for private owners who took advantage of their proximity to the political power to buy large tracts of public land at depressed prices and then sell them, already divided, at current market prices. On the other hand the movement of land among particulars took place usually in the spaces of ancient settlement - central, north and west – and was considerably more active than the movement or transfer of public lands, following the growing of the population. Although there was some movement due to linking relationship, the greater movement between buyers and sellers came from people trading the land for other reasons like investment, while prices depended on the conditions of the land and the interaction between supply and demand. Our main objective is to analyze the land prices in rural areas, focusing whenever possible on the impact that political conflicts, economic crises, and the grades of quality and security associated with the offered tracts.


The article collates the narratives of experiences of the international faculty who mentored the quality improvement teams from India since 2017.


Purpose This retrospective study aimed to identify the key factors influencing postoperative refraction after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) using information gain. Methods This study comprised 2,350 eyes of 1,200 patients who underwent SMILE using a Visumax 500-kHz femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) in three ophthalmic centers: Tianjin Eye Hospital (center A), Jinan Mingshui Eye Hospital (center B), and Qingdao Eye Hospital (center C). Anterior segment features, including corneal curvature and central corneal thickness (CCT), were obtained from Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). Information gain was calculated to analyze the importance of features affecting postoperative refraction. Results Preoperative and postoperative mean spherical equivalent (SE) refraction were −5.00 (−6.13, −3.88) D and 0.00 (−0.25, 0.13) D, respectively. None of the patients lost more than two lines of corrected distance visual acuity. The safety index was 1.32 ± 0.24, 1.03 ± 0.08, and 1.13 ± 0.16 in centers A, B, and C, respectively. The efficacy index was 1.31 ± 0.25, 1.02 ± 0.08, and 1.13 ± 0.17 in centers A, B, and C, respectively. At least 95% of the eyes were within ±1.00 D of the attempted correction. Postoperative refraction was related to preoperative spherical diopter refraction (r = 0.369, p < 0.001), preoperative SE (r = 0.364, p < 0.001), maximum lenticule thickness (r = −0.311, p < 0.001), preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (r = 0.164, p < 0.001), residual stromal thickness (r = 0.139, p < 0.001), preoperative mean anterior corneal curvature (r = −0.127, p < 0.001), preoperative flattest anterior corneal curvature (r = −0.122, p < 0.001), nomogram (r = −0.100, p < 0.001) and preoperative CCT (r = −0.058, p = 0.005). Conclusions SMILE was considered a safe and effective procedure for correcting myopia. Based on information gain, postoperative refraction was influenced by preoperative mean anterior corneal curvature, CCT, refraction, and residual stromal thickness.


Due to the dificult of earning Ground Control Points(GCPs),object positioning in sea using remote sensing image have been impacted.This paper studys on the imaging theory of SPOT5 satellite HRS stereo image.It educes a model which can be used to Absolute positioning to ground without GCPs.The examination result show: When have no GCPs,the plane and the elevation positioning precision can not exceed 70 meter with SPOT5 images.This result has good application value to object positioning on the sea.


We develop a computer vision based system to assist the aircrew in search and rescue operations at sea. The Government flying service of Hong Kong sends out fixed wing planes to search for survivors after a maritime accident is reported. The search usually lasts for a few hours and is currently conducted by the naked eyes to search for orange colored life boats from a height of 500 ft. It is a tiresome task and true targets may be missed because of human errors. Therefore we propose to use computer vision techniques to tackle the problem. We suggest that using tracking techniques such as the Kalman combined with the CAMSIDFT algorithm can generate good results. Since the traditional CAMSHIFT algorithm fails in tracking small targets especially when they are moving fast, we propose a new extended CAMSIDFT algorithm with changing window sizes based on the speed of the object being tracked. Additionally, we sample the data in the window with a certain Gaussian distribution to make the tracking more accurate. The experimental result shows that this approach is feasible and is able to track small live boat objects correctly at sea.


Near-lossless compression is a generalization of lossless compression, where the codec user is able to set the maximum absolute difference (the error tolerance) between the values of an original pixel and the decoded one. This enables higher compression ratios, while still allowing the control of the bounds of the quantization errors in the space domain. This feature makes them attractive for applications where a high degree of certainty is required. The JPEG-LS lossless and near-lossless image compression standard combines a good compression ratio with a low computational complexity, which makes it very suitable for scenarios with strong restrictions, common in embedded systems. However, our analysis shows great coding efficiency improvement potential, especially for lower entropy distributions, more common in near-lossless. In this work, we propose enhancements to the JPEG-LS standard, aimed at improving its coding efficiency at a low computational overhead, particularly for hardware implementations. The main contribution is a low complexity and efficient coder, based on Tabled Asymmetric Numeral Systems (tANS), well suited for a wide range of entropy sources and with simple hardware implementation. This coder enables further optimizations, resulting in great compression ratio improvements. When targeting photographic images, the proposed system is capable of achieving, in mean, 1.6%, 6%, and 37.6% better compression for error tolerances of 0, 1, and 10, respectively. Additional improvements are achieved increasing the context size and image tiling, obtaining 2.3% lower bpp for lossless compression. Our results also show that our proposal compares favorably against state-of-the-art codecs like JPEG-XL and WebP, particularly in near-lossless, where it achieves higher compression ratios with a faster coding speed.


When a thin tilted circular plate is illuminated with high‐frequency sound, a significant enhancement occurs when the angle of incidence corresponds to the extensional wave coupling angle. It has been found that there are two mechanisms responsible for this enhancement. The largest response is due to the extensional leaky wave which travels along the diameter and reflects from the plate edge. This can be modeled in the thin‐plate limit using a Gaussian beam model which was first developed for the reflection of leaky Rayleigh waves on tilted truncated cylinders [K. Gipson and P. L. Marston, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107, 112–117 (2000)]. The second response is due to extensional waves traveling along off‐diameter paths. When these waves strike the plate edge, they mode‐convert into shear waves. These shear waves cross the diameter to strike the opposite edge and mode‐convert into extensional waves which then reradiate back towards the source. Since the shear waves do not leak energy into the water, this enhancem...


This study explored the interrelationships between a learning environment, personnel competencies, and safety culture of four small size manufacturing companies. A concept of creative tension was used to elicit the tacit knowledge of workers and managers related to their perceptions of organisational learning, competencies and safety culture. A total of 195 workers and 43 managers participated in the questionnaire study. The results were analysed using structural equation modelling; the analysis showed strong positive correlations between the levels of creative tension associated with organisational learning and safety culture, as well as between the levels of creative tension associated with organisational learning and personnel competencies for both workers and managers. The study results support the importance of organisational learning promoting safety culture in small size manufacturing companies. Both workers and managers associated the development of their professional competencies with increasing organizational learning capabilities of their companies.


Potential double layers are observed to form as nested cylindrical sheaths that energize charge particles in the absence of any externally applied magnetic field. These visibly glowing nested cylindrical sheaths are named as "Fire Tube" in the present work. Sheaths, in unmagnetized collisionless plasmas, have been observed to be functional in generating energetic charge particles. Two characteristically different plasma sources are compared in terms of the dependence of potential and density profiles on the plasma sheath formations near the source boundary. The sheath structures, complex fire tube formation, and space charge formations demarcate the two sources in terms of complex structure formations and motion of the charge particles. We present here the characteristic study of high pressure collisional boundary sheath formations through systematic experiments carried out during the transition from unmagnetized to magnetized charge particles, in the case of two different plasma sources designed. The cylindrical ambient plasma sheaths are observed to energize the charge particles, in the absence of any external magnetic field. The fire tube formations essentially represent a non-neutral region located radially away from the plasma source boundary, connecting the ion sheath with the electron sheath. The probe diagnostic results suggest a significant role of energetic electrons in the formation of multiple double layer structures in the present operational regime. Generation of nonthermal electrons during the formation of MDL in radio frequency capacitive discharges is subjected to interactions of the plasma with the electrodes as well as the confining wall material.Potential double layers are observed to form as nested cylindrical sheaths that energize charge particles in the absence of any externally applied magnetic field. These visibly glowing nested cylindrical sheaths are named as "Fire Tube" in the present work. Sheaths, in unmagnetized collisionless plasmas, have been observed to be functional in generating energetic charge particles. Two characteristically different plasma sources are compared in terms of the dependence of potential and density profiles on the plasma sheath formations near the source boundary. The sheath structures, complex fire tube formation, and space charge formations demarcate the two sources in terms of complex structure formations and motion of the charge particles. We present here the characteristic study of high pressure collisional boundary sheath formations through systematic experiments carried out during the transition from unmagnetized to magnetized charge particles, in the case of two different plasma sources designed. The cyl...


This article argues that the contemporary renewal of religious life requires that 'fresh expressions of church' must also and equally encourage 'fresh expressions of believing'. The first part draws on the Schleiermacher tradition to lay out the groundwork for the kind of approach to theology that might allow such fresh expressions to begin to emerge: a theology founded in experience, shaped and formed relationally, and intrinsically reflective and critical. The second part of the article identifies some ecclesial models that could be hospitable to the nurture of fresh expressions of believing, and proposes resources drawing on traditions of mysticism, of praxis, and of deconstruction. Churches may form their identity around a mission to deepen and radicalise personal and corporate spirituality, collaborative social praxis for justice and neighbourhood
renewal, or experimental postmodern styles of gathering, culturally eclectic but institutionally minimalist.


In order to obtain a new flattened dispersion photonic crystal fiber with high nonlinearity,a novel octagonal photonic crystal fiber(O-PCF) with three-cladding structure was designed.The effect of the hole size and hole space on the nonlinearity and dispersion of the PCF was analyzed by means of the multi-pole method.The result shows that the dispersion and the nonlinearity coefficient of O-PCF decrease with the increasing of the diameter of inner air hole.With the increasing of the diameter of the third air hole,the dispersion increases.Meanwhile,the nonlinearity coefficient almost remains constant.The dispersion and nonlinearity coefficient is affected little by the diameter of the second layer and peripheral air hole.By optimizing the diameters of the O-PCF holes and the hole pitch,an O-PCF with high flattened dispersion and nonlinearity was achieved.At the wavelength range of 1.46μm~1.73μm,the dispersion coefficient is merely changed within ±0.5ps/(km·nm),and the nonlinearity coefficient is merely changed from 42.5W-1·km-1 to 50W-1·km-1 at 1.5μm to 1.65μm.These results offer theoretical references for designing the photonic crystal fiber with some specific function.