Thomas Jefferson's directions to Meriwether Lewis for the Lewis and Clark expedition commanded that the expedition members produce and preserve thorough written accounts. A wide array of texts resulted from a fervid embrace of Jefferson's instructions. Focusing on textual forms that have been maligned, sidelined, and ignored – the expedition's graffiti and the so-called "spurious" editions about the expedition – this essay analyzes the selective authorization of the earliest nineteenth-century Lewis and Clark materials. I argue that the expanded archive shows that the literary production Jefferson imagined would write the Louisiana Territory into the United States introduced a range of textual forms, authorial bodies, and territorial visions that challenges rather than consolidates the nation-building project.


Introducing a suitable model for a structure to understand its behavior under different conditions of loading is very important. Mathematical modeling is the simulation of a physical structure or physical process by means of suitable analytical or numerical construct. One of suitable methods for finding deflection of a beam under different forms of loading is Finite Element Method (FEM). In this paper we find deflection of a beam using FEM based on Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko theory.


The new quaternary aluminide Li20Mg6Cu13Al42 was synthesized from the elements in a sealed tantalum crucible. The crystal structure was studied by single crystal and confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction. Li20Mg6Cu13Al42 {cI162, Im{\overline 3}, a = 13.8451 (2), R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.023} crystallizes as an ordered version of Mg32(Al,Zn)49 and Li-Cu-X (X = Al, Ga, Si) periodic crystals containing icosahedral clusters. The Li20Mg6Cu13Al42 structure can also be described as three-shell icosahedral clusters of [CuAl12@Li20Cu12@Al60], enclosed inside a distorted triacontahedron. The electronic structure calculations were performed by means of the TB-LMTO-ASA program and confirm the core-shell packing of these clusters. The isostructural compound of Li20Mg6Cu13Ga42 was found in a Li-Mg-Cu-Ga quaternary system.


To explore the changes in the morphological and developmental characteristics of the small intestine in Taihe silkies,the conventional histological methods were used in the research. The small intestines taken from the Taihe silkies at 1 to 7 weeks of age,were made into the paraffin sections with HE staining,and then the histological changes in the development of the small intestines were measured and observed under the microscope. The results showed that the villus height and the muscle thickness of small intestines in Taihe silkie were significantly increased with the increase of the day of age. The crypt depth of the small intestine was increased with the increase of the day of age; it began to be decreased after reaching its peak at 5 weeks of age. The villus width and villus height / crypt depth( V / C ratio) of the duodenum and ileum were increased with the increase of the day of age,but those of jejunum began to be decreased after reaching their peaks at 5 weeks of age. The results indicate that the five weeks of age was an important period for the development of small intestine and the formation of special physiological function in the silkies.


The transport complex is the most important element of the country's economic and social infrastructure. Among all types of transport, a special place belongs to the car, which is able to meet the needs of society in the transportation of goods and passengers with the greatest efficiency. The use of alcohols as an alternative fuel has long been a necessary phenomenon, since it allows you to save oil fuel and improve the environmental situation. In addition to alco&-hols, alternative motor fuels may include: petroleum gas, biogas, synthetic liquid fuels, generator gas, hydrogen, and dimethyl ether. The main factors determining the economic feasibility of switching to alternative fuels are the ratio of fuel prices. Vyatka agricultural Academy continues to study the impact of alcohol consumption on diesels when they are fed using a dual fuel supply system. The article presents the influence of alcohol consumption on toxic indicators.


An effective approach, the partial aliovalent cation substitution (PACS), was successfully employed to develop nonlinear optical (NLO) material. Two novel rare earth carbonates, Y2(CO3)3·H2O (YC) and (NH4)2Ca2Y4(CO3)9·H2O (CYC), were synthesized, which feature the same honeycomb-like framework structure. From YC to CYC, the partial substitution of Y3+ with Ca2+ led to the evolution of space group from centrosymmetric P63/mcm to noncentrosymmetric P63mc. The CYC exhibited a second harmonic generation (SHG) effect of 2.1 × KH2PO4 (KDP) and a deep-UV cutoff edge (<200 nm). It was concluded that the SHG effect originates from the ordered arrangement of (CO3)2– groups and the dipole polarization enhancement of [Ca0.33Y0.67O9] polyhedra. Specifically, the long-range ordered electric field of channels induced the ordered arrangement of (CO3)2– groups. This synthetic approach and SHG-activated induction mechanism may afford new strategies for the design and synthesis of NLO materials.


This chapter begins with a bibliography of editions, translations and studies of the text, CAT 1.3 VI and CAT 1.8. It provides the text restored and set in poetic form. This is followed by a commentary on poetic parallelism and word/syllable counts. The parallelism of final -umā is generated by the morphology of the final nouns in the two lines. These endings are echoed in the ending -umā in the plural masculine nominal form at the head of the second line. The final column of 1.3 marks a new departure for the narrative. Since Anat's entreaty of El has failed, Baal pursues another avenue. Some scholars have related the title qds to Athirat and have suggested that it appears here to emphasize the messenger's close relationship to the goddess. The issue of the fragment identified by Bordreuil and Pardee as RS 3.347 remains uncertain.Keywords: CAT 1.3 VI 7ff; CAT 1.8; poetic parallelism; Ugaritic Baal Cycle


The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the duration of sensitization to food allergens during early childhood is related to later development of IgE mediated hypersensitivity to inhalant allergens and of allergic rhinitis and asthma in 5‐year‐old children and whether long‐lasting food‐sensitization may be used to predict subsequent allergic airway diseases. Five hundred and eight children of a prospective birth cohort study with available serum samples at one and two years of age were included and followed up until five years of age. Specific sensitization to food and inhalant allergens and the occurrence of subsequent allergic airway diseases were determined. Children with a long‐lasting sensitization to food allergens (persistently sensitized for more than one year) produced significantly higher total IgE and specific IgE levels than children who were only transiently food‐sensitized by two years of age. Children persistently sensitized to food had a 3.4 fold higher risk of developing allergic rhinitis and a 5.5 fold higher risk of developing asthma than infants who were only transiently food sensitized. Persistent food sensitization in combination with a positive atopic family history was a strong predictor for the development of allergic rhinitis and asthma at five years of age. The risks for these children are up to 50%, and 67% respectively. Persistently detectable sensitization to food over more than one year in early childhood is a strong prognostic factor for subsequent allergic airway disease. Persistently food‐sensitized children especially in atopic families have to be regarded as a high‐risk group and should be considered for preventive measures against respiratory atopy.


Real-world datasets are growing ever larger and more dynamic, motivating the need for efficient online data exploration algorithms. In this work, we present S-FINCH, a streaming domain optimization of the recent FINCH clustering method. The original FINCH approach demonstrated state-of-the-art offline performance while avoiding sensitive hyperparameters but was not designed for the online data streaming domain. The proposed S-FINCH method is an exact, incremental update to the FINCH approach which generates high-quality clusters while avoiding the potential sensitivities of other online clustering methods. We also provide alternative cluster tree representatives for faster empirical cluster times. Experiments are shown comparing the original FINCH approach to the proposed S-FINCH method in a streaming domain with multiple benchmark synthetic and real datasets. The S-FINCH method leverages the ability to make local changes for efficient, real time updates and can be applied to multiple data streaming scenarios.


I wish I could slip this book into the curriculum of every medical school in the United States of America (USA). Granted, at well over 400 pages, Elderhood – the second book by physician-writer Louise Aronson –wouldn't 'slip' easily. Yet, should its poignant stories of old patients, its well-laid critiques of medicine's failings and its paean to geriatrics insinuate themselves amid organ systems and pathophysiology ... then her book might fulfil its ambitious subtitle: Redefining Aging, Transforming Medicine, Reimagining Life. Medical students aside, this book should appeal not only to practitioners, researchers and students, but to a very broad and general audience. Aronson has written it for all of us. In Elderhood, Aronson seeks to convince readers of the need to re-envision the landscape of old age and particularly to rethink our medical approaches to old people. We tend to think of 'old age' as a monolithic category, but increasingly, it is a time of life that spans multiple decades. To see in old age only loss, marginalisation, isolation and dependency is equivalent, Aronson suggests, to seeing parenthood as only sleepless nights with a screeching infant or a reckless teenager: 'Although the concerns are real, they represent just part of a much larger picture' (p. 254). Aronson sets out to reclaim 'elderhood' as a final stage of the lifecycle on par with childhood and adulthood, and containing, like these other stages, multiple sub-stages of development. Popular culture and geriatrics alike have too often focused on old age as only a time of frailty and dependency, and overlooked the years, or decades, of vibrant, satisfying life in old age. To her credit, Aronson notes that we cannot champion a positive vision of old age at the expense of 'worsened degradation' when people face functional loss (p. 245). Elderhood encompasses all of these, and so must we. What I find most novel in Aronson's argument is her insider critique of medical practice. Elderhood is most persuasive in its eloquent condemnation of the current health-care system in the USA, not only for how it is failing old people, but for how it is failing everyone, especially physicians. This focus bears similarities to Atul Gawande's (2014) best-seller Being Mortal, which laid bare how the US approach to long-term care has championed health and safety at the expense of autonomy, purpose and meaning, and how we need to start asking some basic questions to


For the reason of need more space using in video capture device and requiring special resource, a network video collection and transmission program is designed based on embedded system. ARM11 and embedded Linux are used in the program to build an embedded platform. The MJPG-streamer is transplanted to the platform as a video server, completing image collection, compression and transmission. Users can observe the real-time video images using a web browser remotely. The experimental results show that the method can collect, handle and send video, remote observation of video images in real time, the occupied space is small.


IAV is highly contagious and responsible for both seasonal and pandemic flu. However, mortality associated with IAV is mainly due to secondary bacterial infections. The bacterial and host factors that mediate lethality, as well as the protective immune mechanisms against co-infections, are largely unknown. By sequentially infecting mice with IAV and Sp (IAV/Sp), we show that IAV-infected mice are highly susceptible to secondary Sp infections (<10 CFU). Mice lacking IL-12, Type 1 IFN receptors, or both were just as susceptible to an IAV/Sp infection, suggesting these inflammatory cytokines are not involved in lethality. IAV-specific CD8 T cells from IAV/Sp co-infected mice had increased PD-1 expression, a marker associated with dysfunctional/exhausted CD8 T cells. When we immunized mice with different strains of IAV or Sp and challenged them with IAV/Sp co-infection, IAV-immunized mice were fully protected against an IAV/Sp infection. Immunization with one IAV strain provided cross-protection against a co-infection challenge with a different serotype strain of IAV. Immunization with Sp prolonged survival of co-infected mice, and was IL-12 dependent. We conclude that 1) Early inflammatory cytokines are not responsible for death caused by IAV/Sp co-infections, 2) Secondary Sp infections do not affect the magnitude but the quality of IAV-specific CD8 T cell responses, and 3) cross-protective immunity against IAV/Sp co-infections can be induced by immunization with IAV or Sp.


Cold plasma discharges have been shown to have medically-relevant thera- peutic effects when applied to living tissues, including blood coagulation and wound healing; thus, plasma treatment of infl amed tissues in ulcerative colitis disease may be an effective ap- proach to reduce adverse consequences if not cure the disease. Here we discuss results of the fi rst experimental study of cold plasma treatment of ulcerative colitis in a mouse model. As a plasma source, a cold spark discharge has been used. The results show that plasma treatment of experimental model of ulcerative colitis in mice has some benefi cial effects by suppressing the progression of the disease while no damage to colon tissues is observed; and these effects are comparable to standard therapy.


Abstract The interfacial properties of continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites can be characterized by the wetting ability and chemical interaction between fiber and matrix. Wetting ability would affect the impregnation quality while chemical interaction between fiber and matrix affects composite strength. The objective of this study is to improve the both impregnation state and interfacial shear strength by using surface treatment on carbon fiber. For the purpose, in this paper, the effects of the sizing agents on the interfacial adhesion and impregnation state were investigated.


A repetitive control scheme which is applicable to a class of nonlinear systems with periodic reference signals is proposed. The nonlinear terms in the systems are assumed to be polynomially bounded. Sliding mode control is applied to an augmented system in which an integrator and a repetitive controller are combined in order to obtain a linear input-output relation. The stability condition for the repetitive control system realized by the proposed method is derived. It is shown that this system satisfies the internal model principle for a given frequency bandwidth. The frequency bandwidth is given by the stability condition. An illustrative example is given.


The member of Yeoju Lee's family, who lived in the Deogsan area from the 18th and the early 19th century for generations, are Lee Kwang-hyu and his son Lee Chul-hwan, Lee Byung-hyu and his son Lee Sarrr hwan, and Lee Yong-hyu and his son Lee Ga-hwa, the descendants of of Lee Ik, pen name Sungho. After 'Kyungsinhwanguk' (political structural reform - most of the south factionwas deported and the west took power), one of Yeoju Lee's ancestor, Lee Ha-jin was punished to death because of his different political disposition, and Lee Jam was also imprisoned to death since for his involvement in the 'Crown Prince Issue'. As a result of the incidents, Yeoju Lee's family concentrated on the search for studies, apart from advancing in the political arena. The reasonwhy Sungho Lee Ik, living in Chumsung-li, was called a great scholar in practical sciences, and descendants could succeed from his academic traditions are derived from the fate of family. In the course of receiving Western Studies in the late Chosun Dynasty, Lee's family had a strong tendency for Western Studies by accepting or excluding it with lots of interest. As the modern-oriented disposition in the late Chosun Dynasty, this shows a changed academic feature of newly formed studies. In the book 'Mulbo', written by Lee Chul-hwan and his son Lee Jae-wi, it is said that human being is the most valuable existence among all creatures: thus, the character of creatures is supposed to be beneficial to mankind by human's scientific analysis. Meanwhile, considering that the interest for trees and plants is bigger than for insects and fish, it is assumed the former was used as useful medicine, making a great contribution to the medical development of daily life. In the process of accepting Catholicism, Lee Oa-hwan's interest toward Catholicism and Lee Sam-hwan's expulsion toward it shows different aspects in their chracter. Lee Ga-hwan was influenced by western astronomy, so he read such books as 'Chuniusilui', and 'Chilguk', and he thought there was a God in the heaven all the time. Also, after Lee Ga-hwan debated with Lee Byuk fervently, Lee Ga-hwan called Catholicism 'truth and the right way'. When the government started to oppress against Catholicism, there were both opinions to call Catholic missionary, and to bring in the western ship that could protect Catholicism. Meantime, Lee Sam-hwan criticized the service of Catholicism and its nonsensical fiction by writing two consecutive books of 'Yanghakbyun', and denied the miracle of Catholicism in the book of 'Dapinwoosokbyun'. Lee Sam-hwan's active repulsion toward Catholicism is validated King Jungjo's appointing him to be involved in 'Byuksajijung'. The fact that Lee Nam-gyu, pen name Sudang, who was the core member of righteous army activity, wrote Lee Sam-hwan's epitaph could be a helpful clue to understand the academic disposition of Yeoju Lee's family is related to the repulsion movement in the late Daehan Empire.


The data about metabolic syndrome (MS), characteristic for interrelationship of the main pathogenetic factors, are adduced. Along with positive moments, the faults of conservative therapy for MS are described, the indications for surgical treatment performance were substantiated and the results of its application in 220 patients, suffering severe forms of MS, were analyzed.


Objective: To explore the relationship between psychological well-being and psycho-social adjustment ofeconomically independent and dependent single parents belonging to various socio-economic classes.
Study Design: Correlational study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at technical services association, Lahore, from Jun 2018 to Aug 2019.
Methodology: A sample of 213 single parents with ages ranging from 25 to 50 was selected through purposivesampling. Psychological Well-Being Scale Revisited and Psychological Adjustment Scale were used.
Results: Multivariate analysis showed that well-being and adjustment levels of divorced (M=114.17, SD=24.5),(M= 88.89, SD=19.45) single parents was significantly lower than those of widowed (M=136.78, SD=17.68),(M=105.86, SD=10.88) ones respectively. Also, economically independent (M=135.1, SD=20.38), (M=104.0, SD=14.5) single parents had better well-being and adjustment than those who are economically dependent (M=108.3, SD=24.5), (M=85.5, SD=17.1). Furthermore, post-hoc tests revealed significantly low psychological well-being (M=130.72, SD=23.16) and adjustment (M=81, SD=12.23) of single parents from lower social class.
Conclusion: The study concludes that socio-economic status and economic independence/dependence have aprofound impact on the psychological wellbeing and adjustment of single parents. These findings will promotethe understanding of single parenting in collectiveistic cultures and may lead towards learning of coping strategies to foster psychological well-being, familial and social adjustments of single parents.


A PD (partial-discharge) diagnosis system is presented that gives information about the location of any detectable PD source in a GIS (gas-insulated-substation) testing unit. For every detected impulse the system measures and processes the apparent charge, impulse duration, phase angle, test voltage V/sub pp/, actual test voltage, impulse energy, and cycle number. A high-speed (60-MHz bandwidth) electronic system has been developed for online measuring and digital conversion. The data are transmitted to a personal computer by means of an electro-fiber-optic interface unit and analyzed by a statistical algorithm. This procedure runs automatically and provides information about the surface materials on which the partial discharges are active. Two types of defects representing sources of partial discharging have been implemented in gas-insulated switchgear. Some of the results are presented and discussed, showing the potential of computer-aided partial discharge evaluation.<<ETX>>


Interaction of multiple surface cracks is studied by experimental and numerical methods. For experiment, a new method to introduce two surface cracks with different sizes is developed. Using this technique, four point bending fatigue tests including coalescence process of two surface cracks are conducted by changing crack sizes of two cracks. Crack growing process is studied by introducing beach marks. Change of crack shapes and coalescence behaviors are observed clearly. Locations of crack coalescence change due to the change of crack sizes. Same problem is simulated by using S-FEM. Two models are simulated. One is Crack coalescence model, and another is Virtual single rack model. Virtual single crack model is based on the proximity rule of JSME maintenance code. Results of both models are compared with those of experiment. Results show the availability of numerical methods to predict coalescence process of two surface cracked specimens. It is also shown that JSME code is useful to simulate coalescence problem.


This article presents an analysis of a new type of photomultiplier which combines, in the same envelope, a photocathode, a microchannel plate and a multianode collector. We have examined in particular the limits of linearity of the plate response under pulse operation, and the operation of the cross-bar collector (anode-collection efficiency and interelectrode cross-talk). The realization of an experimental tube demonstrates the validity of the localization system used. However, the lack of uniformity in gain of the plate would seem to limit the use of this detector to particle counting. 1. Introduetion Due to its large size, high current gain and its spatial resolution, the microchannel plate is an especially well adapted component for the design of an image-detector tube. To be able to discriminate between the amplitudes of the detected signals, this multiplier should have a linear response. The first part of this analysis therefore tries to determine the linear-response limits of the microchannel plate, as a function of both amplitude and pulse rate of the analyzed pulses. The multianode collector considered uses the "cross-bar" principle that permits a large number of distinct "image elements" to be identified by using a relatively restricted number of data circuits. The study of the collection of its various electrodes, as a function of their geometries and of the characteristics of the incident signal, results in the design of an operational collector.


The invention discloses a spring adopting a double-layered structure. The spring comprises an outer spring body, and an inner spring body arranged on the inner side of the outer spring body, wherein a relatively stable double-layer structure is formed by the outer spring body and the inner spring body jointly; an outer inserting rod matched with a through hole is arranged at the upper end of the outer spring body; an inner inserting rod matched with a fixing hole is arranged at the upper end of the inner spring body; the outer spring body is in arc transitional connection with the inner spring body; the spiral direction of the outer spring body is opposite to that of the inner spring body. The spring provided by the invention has the advantages that the design is reasonable, the structure is simple, and the tensile effect and the anti-torque effect are good, and the spring is uneasy to deform and break, long in service life, strong in own strength, and relatively stable in integral structure.


We applied and tested a bioenergetic‐based, steady‐state food web bioaccumulation model to predict polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposures in sport fish of the Detroit River (USA–Canada), which is a Great Lakes area of concern. The PCB concentrations in the sediment and water of the river were found to exhibit high spatial variation. The previously contained areas of high contamination may have spread to adjacent food webs as a result of fish movements. This process may cause biased predictions in single‐compartment bioaccumulation models. We performed multiple simulations and contrasted model predictions against a database of 1152 fish sample records comprising 19 sport fish species. The simulations evaluated 4 spatial scales (river‐wide, 2‐nation, 4‐zone, and 6‐zone models) to reveal how the spatial heterogeneity of contamination and species‐specific movements contribute to variation in fish PCB exposures. The model testing demonstrated that the 2‐nation model provided the most accurate global prediction of fish contamination. However, these improvements were not equally observed across all species. The model was subsequently calibrated for poorly performing species, by allowing cross‐zone exposures, demonstrating the importance of accounting for specific ecological factors, such as fish movement, to improve PCB bioaccumulation prediction, especially in highly heterogeneous water systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2771–2784. © 2019 SETAC


collaborative assessments can be used to inform legislators. Determining environmental risk, both empirically and subjectively, is a central aim throughout the work. In conclusion, the author calls for a new understanding of the expert as "specialized citizen." Fischer primarily views the problems of scientific expertise and the need for increased levels of informed citizen participation within the context of political theory. "What the positivists have failed to grasp . . . is that scientific discourse is itself a highly interpretive enterprise. Given this interpretive dimension, science loses its privileged claim as superior knowledge" (p. 44). Hence, citizen participation is critical not only for the functioning of democracy and as a value in and of itself, but also because science is open to subjective interpretation, and knowledge is socially constructed (i.e., it is not objective or value free, and facts do not exist). This is precisely why the author believes scientific expertise and citizen participation should be treated equally in the policymaking process. Average citizens, we are told, have the ability to understand the most complicated scientific and technical issues. Fischer recommends the establishment of "consensus conferences" (pp. 234–40), or about two dozen "ordinary" citizens who assess the science and technology related to a specific issue or problem. People who are chosen to participate in these conferences read and learn about the technical issues involved and, with the help of a nonexpert facilitator, develop a set of recommendations for policymakers and legislators. This approach has been employed in Denmark and elsewhere with some success. Overall, the book is well written. The author effectively develops important issues, arguments, and ideas before staking out a position. Readers in all fields will appreciate the clarity of the discussions concerning the expanding role of science and technology in environmental policymaking and why citizen participation is vital, especially at the local level. The study successfully integrates central concepts and ideas in political theory with analyses of the most serious problems related to citizen participation in environmental policymaking. A critical question Fischer skirts is whether more citizen participation leads to more effective environmental policies. Regardless of what mechanisms are used to involve the public, will the result be environmental policies that work? No study has shown that the level of public participation— regardless of how it is achieved—varies directly with the level of effectiveness of public policy. In fact, research shows that the relationship between these two variables is ambiguous at best. Although the author may feel that an increase in citizen participation is as important as (or even more important than) developing cost-effective, successful plans and regulatory programs, it is highly doubtful that politicians and policymakers will agree. The failure of previous environmental policies has less to do with whether science is completely subjective or a decline in citizen participation and has more to do with poor policy design and execution. The extreme politicization of critical environmental problems (e.g., the protection of biodiversity and climate change) has resulted in no action or failed policies at the federal, state, and local level. In many if not most cases, the rise of interest group politics has prevented vital environmental legislation from being passed. Laws that have been adopted have not been strictly enforced. The book also does not adequately address how to persuade citizens to become more actively involved in environmental policy at the local level. In general, the level and type of public participation that Fischer desires takes a great deal of time and effort, and most people do not want to become involved to this extent. Why would they want to participate in fairly demanding consensus conferences? (Interestingly, the study does not explore how advanced computer and communications technology might be used creatively to include a larger number of citizens in environmental decision making at the local level in a meaningful way.) There must be an increase in feelings of civic duty and responsibility before such mechanisms as consensus conferences can be successful. The major problem with the book is that it fails to offer significant new insights into the dilemma of citizen participation in modern society, particularly when highly technical issues are at stake. The same observations and possible solutions to this dilemma have been discussed by others as well as the author himself (Technocracy and the Politics of Expertise, 1990; "American Think Tanks," Governance 4 [July 1991]: 332–53). At the same time, the vast literature on interest groups, policy stakeholders, agenda setting, and public participation in political science is ignored. Regrettably, despite the importance of the topic, the book does not break new ground or add to our knowledge of citizen participation in environmental policymaking.


Supplements of whole yeast spray dried Saccharomyces cerevisiae and yeast derivatives (autolyzed yeast, mannanoligosaccharide and β-glucan) in to diets fed to juvenile Amazon River prawn were evaluated. Prawns with initial weight (1.27 ± 0.07 g) and initial length (5.49 ± 0.09 cm) were stocked in to 200 L aquaria (10 prawns/ aquarium), in flow-through water system with controlled temperature, during 60 days. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and four replicates. The diets were formulated to be isoproteic (35.0% CP) and isoenergetic (3500 kcal/kg GE) supplemented with no yeast and yeast derivatives control, whole yeast 2.0%, autolyzed yeast 2.0%, mannanoligosaccharide 0.2% and β-glucan 0.2%. Weight gain of prawns fed diet containing mannanoligosaccharide yeast derivative was significantly (P<0.05) higher than prawns fed the others diets. The results indicate that 0.2% of mannanoligosaccharide supplementation provided better growth responses of juvenile M. amazonicum.


Objective:To explore the apoptosis mechanism of H1N1 influenza virus infection to MDCK cell by detecting the expression of 8-hydroxy-2'-desoxyguanosine(8-oxo-dG) as biochemical marker of DNA damage.Methods:MDCK cells were seeded in slide of 48-well plate and infected with H1N1 influenza virus.Immunohistochemistry method was used to investigate 8-oxo-dG expression in MDCK cell respectively after being infected for 0,1,3,6,12,24 and 48 hours.Results:Significant difference of 8-oxo-dG in MDCK cells could be observed between every case-control pair at 0,1,3,6,12,24 and 48 hours;and significant increase of 8-oxo-dG could also be found among the experiment groups(P0.05).Conclusion:H1N1 influenza virus infection can induce significant DNA oxidative damage.


Addition Reactions of 2-Thiazolin-5-thiones with Acetylenes

The reaction of the 2-thiazolin-5-thiones 1 and 5, respectively, with acetylen carboxylates yields mainly 1, 4-dithiafulvenes of type 3. In the presence of the acetylenic compounds, the 1, 4-dithiafulvenes undergo an isomerization to give the corresponding 2, 3-dihydrothiophene-2-thiones 4.


The article is focused on the possibilities and legal foundations of spreading public administration reform on local governments. The author analyses key federal laws and regulations that provide municipalities with certain responsibilities in specific areas of the reform.


A finite-element method is described for the analysis of leaky modes of open uniform waveguides with arbitrary cross-section. The field is represented by a hybrid element in the infinite exterior region, and by conventional triangular elements inside and near the waveguide. Results are presented for channel waveguide, slotted square guide and slotted circular waveguide.


Land use and physiographic variability influence stream low flows, yet their interactions and relative influence remain unresolved. Our objective was to assess the influence of land use and watershed geomorphic characteristics on low‐flow variability in the southern Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina and Georgia. Ten minute interval discharge data for 35 streams (in watersheds from 3 to 146 km2) were measured for two late summer low‐flow seasons, coinciding with a severe drought period in the southeastern United States. Three low‐flow metrics were calculated (1 and 7 day minimum flows and 1st percentile flow) for each low‐flow season (5 August to 12 November 2007 and 1 August to 12 November 2008). A comprehensive suite of watershed characteristics, including factors of topography, channel network morphometry, soils, land use, and precipitation were used in multiple regression analysis of low‐flow variability among the 35 watersheds. Additionally, low flows in groups of lower‐ and higher‐forest cover watersheds were compared. Drainage density, areal coverage of colluvium, topographic variability (as slope standard deviation), and percent of the channel network as first order stream emerged as the most important variables for explaining low‐flow variability. Watershed forest cover demonstrated a consistent, significant positive relationship with low flows, despite the higher evapotranspiration rates associated with forest compared with other land covers and despite the relatively small range of disturbance in this study area. This highlights the importance of infiltration and recharge under undisturbed land cover in sustaining low flows, and it bears noteworthy implications for environmental flows and water resource sustainability.


To celebrate Frank Baum's 150th birthday, lots of Oz cultural events have been prepared throughout America including Kansas, California, South...


A multimode resonator is proposed, containing five resonant modes that are incorporated in the passband forming. The structure is based on a dielectric substrate suspended in a metallic case that allows solving problem of electromagnetic compatibility. Due to features of the resonator's structure, several higher modes do not excite that significantly improve the performance of the filter's stopband. The resonator advantages are proved on the ultra-wide bandpass filter (101%) with small overall size (0.11λ0×0.06λ0×0.03λ0) and good stopband performance (first spurious band locates at 8 GHz, suppression is 80 dB).


Energy is needed in mobilizing a mechanism both electric energy and energy derived from fossils. Hydram pump is a device to raise water from a low place to a high place by utilizing water impacts without using renewable energy. In Pakandangan, Padang Pariaman Regency, there is a water source that cannot be utilized to flow through the rice fields around 10 Ha. Because the rice fields are higher with water sources. The methodology is to survey the location and design the dimensions of the hydram pump. The results obtained head data height of incoming water is 2.5 meters, the height of water lift to the shelter is 7 meters the flow of water entering the pump is 25 lt / sec. The dimensions of the pump are the result of the design of a hydram 1 size with an inside diameter of 2 inches


A CW-CO2 Laser was used for surface alloying of Fe base materials with chromium boride particles. Chromium diboride and chromium monoboride powders were used for laser surface alloying of AISI 1045 steel, by the powder injection method. They were partially dissolved in the bath, forming a melted layer of Fe-Cr-B-C with different chrome and boron contents in the melt. The solidification resulted in the formation of iron borides, chromium carbides, gamma-austenite and undissolved particles, in both cases.


The spin features of surface resonance bands in single layer Bi on Ge(1 1 1) are studied by means of spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and inverse photoemission spectroscopy. We characterize the occupied and empty surface states of Ge(1 1 1) and show that the deposition of one monolayer of Bi on Ge(1 1 1) leads to the appearance of spin-polarized surface resonance bands. In particular, the C3v symmetry, which Bi adatoms adopt on Ge(1 1 1), allows for the presence of Rashba-like occupied and unoccupied electronic states around the M¯ point of the Bi surface Brillouin zone with a giant spin–orbit constant |αR| =(1.4±0.1) eV · Å.


The discontinuities are formed in different levels of concrete as a result of various curing processes. There are only few cases where cause and location of failure of a concrete structure are limited to a single discontinuity. Usually several discontinuities of limited size interact and eventually form a combined shear plane where failure takes place. So, besides the discontinuities themselves, the regions between adjacent discontinuities, which consist of strong concrete and are called concrete bridges, are of utmost importance for the shear strength of the compound failure plane. Also, the coalescence of non-persistent joints is an important factor in controlling the mechanical behavior of brittle rocks and can be caused concrete failure in slopes, foundations and tunnels. Therefore, a comprehensive study on the shear behavior of non-persistent joint can provide a good understanding of both local and general concrete instabilities, leading to an improved design for concrete engineering projects. From last decade, direct shear test have been used to study shear behavior of echelon joint. Whereas, only one horizontal shear failure surface can be formed within the shear box therefore, it's not possible to perform shear test on the echelon non-persistent joint. This paper introduces the modified shear box so the shear test can be performed on the both of the overlapped and non-overlapped echelon joint. For this purpose, steel segments were situated in both sides of shear box. These steel segments are used for transition of shear load from shear box to concrete samples. The steel segments were situated in different levels so that it is possible to define horizontal non-persistent joint in the samples. The results show that the tensile crack propagates parallel to shear loading direction in non-overlapped joint while it propagates perpendicular to shear loading in non-overlapped joint. Key word: Modified Direct Shear Box, Overlapped and Non-Overlapped Echelon Joint, Concrete Bridge.


Abstract This investigation examines the interactional dimension of the preface section of an early form of news discourse. Informed by the framework of metadiscourse and incorporating insights from the study of stance and evaluation, this study explicates the ways in which the witchcraft pamphleteers strategically structured and designed the texts to secure readers' agreement through conceptual interaction. Differences in the selection of metadiscourse contributed to different writer identities and reflected generic conventions that occurred over time.


Your recent edition on the airway highlights some interesting problems. The problems of long term intubation, by any route, seem to be related to the use of inflatable cuffs. Are these cuffs really necessary? For many years now it has been customary to use plain tubes in paediatric anaesthesia and intensive care. This requires more careful selection of the tube to avoid too big a leak or too tight a fit. We have not encountered problems due to aspiration. Perhaps the time has come for a critical reappraisal of intubation in adult practice. The provision of a wider range of sizes in plain tubes, coupled with more careful selection, might help to reduce the incidence of tracheal trauma.


Abstract We have progressed to a phase where there is very little difference between men and women, but the reality in many countries is that women are looked down as the inferior gender and not given career opportunities to explore. They are not let into the decision-making roles at the organization even when they have an equal qualification, experience and skill. They are placed low in the hierarchy which allows them to witness the functions at the higher level of the organization but restricts them from participating in them. There are a lot of factors like cultural, socio-demographic factors and society itself that influence this disparity in the organization. These contributory factors create the glass ceiling phenomenon at the workplace, thereby generating emotional and psychological imbalances in women employees. This is a conceptual paper aiming to explore the concept and impact of mindfulness, and various concepts of mindfulness could be used as an emotional aid to treat the psychological effects of the glass ceiling. It further explains some of the mindful concepts like mindful walking, mindful life and mindfulness-based stress reduction technique in treating some of the psychological and emotional issues like depression, anxiety, frustration, traumatic experiences, adjustment issues, addiction, stress, low self-esteem, low self-confidence and aggression. It also elucidates adopting mindfulness techniques in real organizational scenarios where women are constantly discriminated because of their gender and opportunities are taken away.


A soft pedal effect applying apparatus is utilized in an electronic musical instrument in order to apply a soft pedal effect to a musical tone to be generated when a soft pedal is operated, wherein this soft pedal effect is set quite similar to that of a non-electronic musical instrument such as a grand piano. Before operating the soft pedal, a generated musical tone has a reference tone volume and a reference tone color which are determined based on a touch operation intensity applied to a depressed key in a keyboard. By operating the soft pedal, a tone volume of the generated musical tone is softened due to the soft pedal effect by slightly lowering the tone volume by the predetermined tone volume attenuation value, wherein this lowered tone volume can be clearly discriminated from the reference tone volume. Such attenuation value can be arbitrarily varied in response to the tone volume level. In addition, a tone color of the generated musical tone is softened due to the soft pedal effect by giving a desirable filter characteristic to the tone color, wherein this softened tone color is different from the reference tone color. Thus, when the soft pedal is operated, the tone volume and the tone color of the generated musical tone are independently softened.


With cultural system reform and cultural industry development, embroidery industry in Stone Forest area has gradually become a scale industry, with obvious impacts on farmers' income. This tangible benefit therefore has become new drive to push forward for the overall rural revitalization strategy in China.


The fourth meeting of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Working Party S07.02.09, Phytophthoras in Forests and Natural Ecosystems provided a forum for current research on Phytophthora species worldwide. Seventy-eight submissions describing papers and posters on recent developments in Phytophthora diseases of trees and natural ecosystems in Europe, Australasia, and the Americas are included. Research topics covered are Phytophthora biodiversity, ecology, epidemiology, management, and hostpathogen interactions


THERE IS A PAUCITY OF INFORMATION concerning the synthesis, storage, secretion and function of mucin in the small intestine. To the best of our knowledge, no histochemical information has been reported concerning the distribution of the various types of mucin in the gastrointestinal tract of the rhesus monkey. It has been known for a long time that mucin production is greatly disturbed in inflammatory bowel lesions. Morphologic descriptions of the enteritis that occurs after the administration of crude staphylococcal extract have recently been documented in dogs (1). Warren et al (2), and Prohaska (3) have demonstrated that enteritis may be produced in cats, chinchillas and dogs by administering enterotoxin alone. Previous studies from this department have described the sequential morphologic (4), enzyme histochemical (5) and ultrastructural (6) alterations in the small bowel of rhesus monkeys after the oral administration of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. It was therefore considered of interest to describe the histochemical profile of the epithelial mucins in the small intestine of the rhesus monkey and to document the sequential changes in the distribution


A person in whose name an apartment in a condominium or apartment ownership scheme has been registered enters into a threefold legal relationship: he becomes the individual owner of his apartment, the co-owner of the common property of the scheme, and a member of the association of owners to whom the management and administration of the scheme is entrusted. Harmony in an intensified community can only be achieved if the scheme is managed properly, and the common parts of the building and the common facilities are maintained adequately and regularly. Consequently, each owner is obliged to share in the provision of funds for the management of the scheme and the maintenance of common parts such as the outside walls, the roof, the corridors, the structural components, recreational facilities, and the land on which


The present invention proposes a method of releasing a cold box core sand core Amine improved, according to the present invention, the release agent is introduced into the composite binder resin, the releasing agent and composite releasing agent comprising an olefin-based releasing agent, the release agent is a C12-C16 olefin mono-olefins, C12-C18 alkanoic acid esters of the monohydric alcohol esters by releasing agent, C12-C18 alkanoic acid esters of polyhydric alcohols, C12-C18 alkyl diacid mono esters, C12-C18 alkyl group diacid glycol esters composed of one or more. The method of the present invention significantly increases the number of continuous production of complex die during preparation of the core, significantly improve the production efficiency.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior of cancer patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
This survey-based study involved 145 oncological patients and was conducted from July to November 2018. It was performed using an author's questionnaire and three standardized tools: the mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale, the Acceptance of Illness Scale, and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations.

RESULTS
The acceptance of illness was at a medium level. Patients who had been ill for longer time periods coped with stress better (p < 0.071) and showed better mental adjustment (p < 0.05 for Positive Redefinition, and p < 0.08 for Fighting Spirit). Patients with benign tumors focused on emotions (p < 0.001) and avoidance (p < 0.005) and were preoccupied with anxiety (p < 0.05). Longer treatment time was associated with a higher ability to cope with stress (p < 0.05). Patients receiving support were characterized by Anxious Preoccupation attitude (p < 0.1), and those who had not got it by Fighting Spirit (p < 01).

CONCLUSIONS
Cancer patients have problems coping with new circumstances. They need support and help to understand and accept their situation.


Abstract : This report presents the results of an experimental and analytical program employed to determine the effect that damage to a horizontal stabilator has on structural characteristics such as stiffness, natural frequencies and damping. A simplified method of computing the change in the fundamental frequency as damage increases is also developed. (Author)


A comprehensive plausible conceptual model of Gender Discrimination (GD) and accurate measures of its components are lacking. Current study developed a conceptual model of GD derived from the development-based trauma framework (DBT) and constructed measures for GD and its coping dynamics and tested them in two studies on Egyptian female college students. The first study conducted on a sample of 150, and the second study conducted on 311 participants. Exploratory factor analysis in the first sample, and confirmatory factor analysis in the second sample confirmed three components of GD (GD by parents attitudes, GD by parents behavior, and GD by society), and three components of GD coping dynamics (gender identity conflict (GIC), internalized GD, and GD resistance). GD measures are found to have generally good reliability and stability, good construct, and predictive validity. Using path analysis in the second study, GD, controlling for other life traumas, predicted a significant decrease in self-esteem and self-efficacy and increase in existential anxiety, which mediated its effects on PTSD and complex PTSD. GIC and internalized GD further moderated GD effects. GD inventory that includes 6 measures with 33 items can be a parsimonious tool for future research on GD.


The study was conducted primarily to determine the effect of AU and Lake's Low Temperature (LLT) extenders and to determine the effect of extended semen at 0 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours storage times. Twelve roosters were used for the collection of spermatozoa from the excurrent duct (epididymis and vas deferens) of Philippine local chickens. During the time of semen storage, a decrease in the number of motile, live, morphologically normal spermatozoa and an increase in dead and abnormal spermatozoa were observed. The LLT extender was found to be a more suitable extender because the number of live spermatozoa did not decrease as much as in semen diluted with the AU extenders. In addition, the best time storage determined was between 0 hour to 24 hours on both extenders, however, results showed that microscopic evaluation at 24 hours to 48 hours in LLT extender had comparable semen quality.


Since the invention of computers, computer scientists have aspired to create intelligent machines, a goal known as strong artificial intelligence (AI). The philosophy of artificial intelligence attempts to determine what kind of intelligence can be achieved by computers. There are two questions at stake: can a computer have intellectual ability as humans do, and can a computer have consciousness as humans do? If a computer can achieve the same intelligence (in both ability and consciousness) that humans have, it is said to have a mind. Much progress in the philosophy of the mind has been based on AI. Behaviorists such as Alan Turing and functionalists such as Hilary Putnam have developed theories of the mind that allow certain computers to be considered intelligent. Other writers, such as John Searle, have given strong challenges to the possibility of computer intelligence that have not been adequately addressed. Recently, approaches to AI based on a branch of theoretical computer science, known as algorithmic information theory, have contributed to this subject by proposing a computational view of induction and understanding. In this paper, I will summarize these ideas and then show how algorithmic information theory leads to compressionism, a theory of the mind that views intelligent beings as data compression systems. I will clarify the ideas behind it and show how they relate to other ideas, especially Searle's Chinese room argument.


The invention provides a three-phase 6k/ (4(N+1) k) structured double salient pole motor, which belongs to an AC/DC motor in the motor class. The motor includes a stator and a rotor; a basic motor unit is of a 6/4(N+1) structure, namely, the number of the poles of the stator is 6, the number of the poles of the rotor is 4(N+1); the N is a natural number except for (3M-1), the M is a natural number. When the N is an odd number, the phase order of the rotor pole is phase A-phase B-phase C in the rotation direction of the rotor; when the N is an even number, the phase order of the rotor pole is phase A-phase C-phase B; the arc length of the notch of the rotor is (2N+1) times of the arc length of the stator pole, and the arc length of the rotor pole is larger than or equal to the arc length of the stator pole. The motor is characterized in that the arc length of the notch of the rotor is larger than the arc length of the stator pole, the pole number of the rotor is larger than the pole number of the stator, and the pole number of the stator and the pole number of the rotor are matched in multifold method. The invention has flexible structure, is applicable for various application situations, and in particular for the situations of direct-drive wind generating.


This paper discusses a design of the PN junction temperature sensor application system based on Multisim software, mainly deals with the set-up of the model of Multisim and the optimal design of the circuit, it also presents a better simulation result.


A dynamic model for maize stem is established,a formula about critical force of maize stem is extracted by using dynamic theory and method. According to this formula, we can get a total evaluation about maize stem lodging resistance, and come to the conclusion that the bigger the critical force is, the stronger the maize stem lodging resistance is. In the same kind crop, if planting density or fertility of soil is different, the lodger resistance is different also. The smaller the value of stem coefficient is, the stronger the maize stem lodging resistance is. The relation is inferred between maize stem lodger and physics quantity of maize stem. The theoretical basis is provided for choosing and breeding variety.


Model Driven Engineering (MDE) has been considered as an effective discipline in the development of software systems. One integral concept of this paradigm is model-to-model transformation which can be used in different levels of abstraction. The prominent role of Model Transformations leads to use them to refine, refactor, migrate, improve, and analyze models. Currently, there exist numerous languages for model transformation. However, a major problem is the lack of an effective and comprehensive technique for assessment and comparison of model transformation approaches. To address this problem, in this paper, a new method has been developed based on the programming language evaluation criteria. Then, the proposed method has been applied on five widely-used model transformation languages. Analyzing the results demonstrate that no language is absolutely superior to the others; but rather we are enabled to choose an appropriate language for a certain application.


Title Ruthenium/Me-BIPAM Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Carbonyl Compounds [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) 養王田, 昌昭 Issue Date 2017-03-23 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/65402 Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.1/jp/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Masaaki_Yohda_review.pdf (審査の要旨)


Of the many theories of corporatism the most adequate is that which sees the relationship as a form of interest group intermediation and policy implementation. It has been argued that the Annual Review of Agriculture is one of the best examples of a corporatist institution. This paper examines the Annual Review and demonstrates that, although it has features of corporatism, the relationship between the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Farmers' Union is not corporatist. The paper then examines the policy community approach and by looking at the formation and operation of the Annual Review argues that this is a much better description of the relationship between the ministry and the union.


Currently, the global economic growth model is based on the input of resources, especially the input of energy. Throughout the energy structures all over the world, mostly coal, oil, natural gas and other high-carbon fossil fuels, and those high-carbon fossil fuels have become the main source of atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Economic growth and energy consumption, there should be causal relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions, the economic growth model can get rid of the fossil energy constraints, whereas carbon dioxide emissions can be disconnected from the economic growth, to cope with these problems facing the development of low-carbon economy in Mongolia. The research makes use of time-series model to test the causal relationship between economic growth and energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions as well as between energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.


Non-magnetic drill collar is a kind of drill collar made of high quality stainless steel in drilling tool. It is widely used in oil fields, but its failure rate is rising directly, and the oil well is safe. In order to better the failure reasons explored, this article through to the non-magnetic drill collar failure parts of the macroscopic characteristics, chemical composition, mechanical properties and metallographic analysis, study the cause of non-magnetic drill collar failure and failure causes and failure process for seeking the non-magnetic drill collar failure before the defects of some form of expression and master some regularity of no magnetic drill collar failure, for we can effectively prevent the non-magnetic drill collar failure accidents mat set a foundation, but also effectively control magnetic drill collar failure accidents occur frequently. In view of the above analysis conclusion, this paper puts forward a set of non-magnetic drill collar failure prevention measures, it effectively avoid due to its failure will continue to use with the hidden trouble of non-magnetic drill collar failure risk.


The gonads of 15 163 pufferfish, Uranostoma richei (Freminville), taken from Lyttelton Harbour, South Island, New Zealand between June 1969 and May 1970 were examined; 8892 were female, 6271 male. A smaller number of gonads and livers were examined in detail. The occurrence of fish at different stages of gonad development during the year, and associated changes in gonad weight, were used to define the breeding season as October to March. Peak spawning occurred in December; spawning fish were over 7.5 cm in length, 9 g in weight, and 2 years of age. Fecundity (counts of eggs over 0.4 mm diam.) was proportional to the cube of fish length, and ranged from 5000 in a fish of 8 cm to 100 000 in an 18‐cm‐long fish. There was some evidence that the liver acts as a food store that is utilised in gonad development before spawning.


A new trend includes taking a dedicated year away from medical school to complete a research fellowship. There is minimal data on the benefit of a gap year. We aimed to identify if a gap year makes a dermatology applicant more successful in The Match.


For about 30 years blister cards are a successful form of packaging for solid pharmaceuticals. Nevertheless there are still some important problems to solve. E.g. no fixed rules are set which help the processor to adjust the thermoforming process. The same applies to the sealing process. What is the influence of higher sealing plate temperatures besides a better cohesion between bottom and sealing foil? How does the sealing force influence the process? Does the relation of the layer thicknesses stay constant while a multilayer film is thermoformed? These and more questions were examined within the scope of a research project, financially supported from the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology and from the Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen Otto von Guericke e.V. (AiF, Magdeburg, Germany) by the order of a research society for pharmaceuticals (Forschungsvereinigung der Arzneimittelhersteller, FAH, Bonn, Germany). The research project has been carried out at the Institute for Plastics Processing of Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule (Aachen, Germany).


As we known, the applications of organoslianes and their derivatives are widely studied. In organic synthesis, the formation of a carbon-carbon bond can be achieved by Hiyama coupling reaction of organohalide with organosilane. We also can observe organosilanes behave as a structural moiety in many biologically active compounds. Furthermore, orgasilanes exhibit many unique properties which were observed in material compound. Herewith, we report an efficient one-pot synthetic method by using unactivated magnesium, activator and copper(I) reagent that transform arylhilade into arylsilane under a Barbier-type reaction condition. On the other part, we synthesize heavy metal sensing molecules based on Resorufin and star-shaped structures. We modify these molecules with a binding-site and measure their maximum UV-Vis absorption by titration of heavy-metal cations.


As sustained energy,the utilization prospect of biomass fuels was analysed.A brief survey on the utilizing of biomass fuels was stressed from three forms—solid,liquid,and gas,as well as the developing directions which biomass fuels turn to merchandise and mass production in the future.


It is very critical to develop sensor that can operate in high temperature and chemically harsh environments. Sapphire (Al2O3) material, which possesses a melting point of 2050°C and a wide transmission wavelength region as high as ~3.5μm, has been demonstrated to be an ideal candidate for high temperature fiber-based environmental sensing applications. Under harsh environment, the performance of conventional blackbody radiation based sapphire fiber high temperature sensor could be easily affected due to the lack of cladding. In this paper, a fiber-optic temperature sensor with a single-crystal sapphire fiber as the light guide and a high temperature ceramic coating as the sensing element as well as the protection layer was presented. The radiance emitted from the ceramic coating is used to measure the temperature, and it is transmitted to optical receiver through the sapphire fiber. This ceramic coating greatly improved the stability and dynamical range of pyrometer. Preliminary experimental results demonstrated that the sensor is very promising for measuring ultra-high temperature up to 1900°C in the harsh environment.


The 3D stray field landscape above an exchange bias layer system with engineered domain walls has been fully characterized by quantitative magnetic force microscopy (qMFM) measurements. This method is based on a complete quantification of the MFM tip's imaging properties and the subtraction of its contribution from the measured MFM data by deconvolution in Fourier space. The magnetically patterned Ir17Mn83/Co70Fe30-exchange-bias-multilayers have been designed to contain asymmetric head-to-head (hh)/tail-to-tail (tt) Néel walls between domains of different magnetic anisotropies for potential use in guided particle transport. In the current application, qMFM reveals the effective magnetic charge profile on the surface of the sample—with high spatial resolution and in an absolute quantitative manner. These data enable to calculate the magnetostatic potential and the full stray field landscape above the sample surface. It has been successfully tested against: (i) micromagnetic simulations of the magnetization structure of a comparable exchange-bias layer system, (ii) measurements of the magnetization profile across the domain boundary with x-ray photoemission electron microscopy, and (iii) direct stray field measurements obtained by scanning Hall probe microscopy at elevated scan heights. This approach results in a quantitative determination of the stray field landscape at close distances to the sample surface, which will be of importance for remote magnetic particle transport applications in lab-on-a-chip devices. Furthermore, the highly resolving and quantitative MFM approach reveals details of the domain transition across the artificially structured phase boundary, which have to be attributed to a continuous change in the materials parameters across this boundary, rather than an abrupt one.


This study aims to enhance agricultural resources and reduce post-harvest losses by assessing the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits and non-conventional vegetable oil extracted from Chrysophyllum albidum seeds in Benin. In this context, the fruits of Chrysophyllum albidum were collected in Tori (South Benin) and the morphological characteristics (mass, height and diameter at the equator) of the fruits, as well as the physico-chemical parameters (dry matter content, moisture content, ash content) were evaluated. The pH, soluble dry matter (Brix) and glucose levels of the juice were also evaluated. The extraction of vegetable oil from the seeds was carried out in Soxhlet followed by the determination of biochemical parameters such as quality indices such as acid, peroxide, saponification and iodine indices. The physicochemical characterisation of this oil was also carried out through the determination of density, refractive index and net calorific value (PCI). Analysis of these results reveals that the fruits of Chrysophyllumalbidum have a mean equator mass, size and diameter of 43.79±3.15g, 48.73±2.97mm and 41.11±1.13mm respectively. The levels of dry matter, moisture, and ash are respectively 51.60±0.47%, 48.40±0.47%, and 24.7±0.96% with a pH of 3.67±0.12 a Brix of 27.47±0.99 and a glucose level of 27.57mg/mL. The oil extraction efficiency is 21.52 ± 0.86% with a water and volatile matter content of 2.21 ± 0.64%. This vegetable oil has a dark red colour with an iodine value of 33.21 ± 0.08 g I2 /100 g-Oil, a saponification value of 188.40 ± 4.18 mg KOH / g-Oil, an acid value of 3.60 ± 0.23 mg KOH / g-Oil, a peroxide value of 10.46 ± 0.12 meq O2/g-Oil and an ester value of 155.19 ± 0.17 mg KOH / g-Oil. The density of vegetable oil at 30°C is 0.89. The refractive index of vegetable oil at 30°C is 1.48 with a lower calorific value of 40287.92 kJ/kg. The results thus obtained indicate possible ways of using Chrysophyllum albidum fruits as biofuel.


Introduction : Information and Education Communication (IEC) as a form of socialization of family planning (FP) is very important especially for the people of fertile age pair (EFA), particularly in Sub Tingkulu Wanea District of Manado which has the purpose, among others, to encourage and improve the knowledge, attitude and the practice of family planning in the community in order to reach the addition of new participants, and the preservation of FP. Methods: This study used qualitative research methods and use interpersonal communication theory also persuasive communication theory. Results: The results of the study Information and Education Communication (IEC) went well, but those that did not go well. Suggestions: Family Planning for Field Officers (field officers) must have good communication skills in conveying information and education to the community target, the public can apply for Information and Education Communication program of family planning that has been obtained through an explanation of Family Planning Field Officers (FPFO) in their lives. Keywords : Communication, Information and Education, Family Planning Program


Rapid urbanisation and lifestyle changes have been associated with a huge increase in myopia across many parts of the world. There is strong evidence that environmental factors including time outdoors and urbanisation can influence the development of myopia, particularly in school‐aged children. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between the prevalence of myopia and the amount of vegetation/green spaces across different regions of the world, as a risk factor for myopia development.


Abstract Electrical transport properties of high-T c Nd2−xCexCuO4 single-crystal thin films were investigated to reveal the conduction mechanism near the superconductor-insulator transition. We find that two different types of localized state exist in the insulator side: one shows typical behaviour or weak localization and the other is the variable-range-hopping (VRH) conduction type. We claim this to be a new type of VRH conduction process with interlayer hopping by Cooper pairs.


The pollen morphology of 15 species (34 specimens) of the genus Lycopus (Lamiaceae, Mentheae) was studied and documented in detail using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The pollen is mostly medium or sometimes small in size, with a circular amb, oblate to prolate in shape, hexacolpate with granular membranes; the exine is bi-reticulate, with unbranched columellae and a continuous, lamellated endexine. The results indicate that Lycopus is stenopalynous; thus the value of pollen characters for taxonomic applications is limited. Some phylogenetic relationships with other related taxa within the tribe Mentheae are also briefl y discussed.


This paper presents the results of the research of current management practice for monitoring and evaluation of local development strategy. We started from the analysis of the situation in local government units of Bosnia and Herzegovina and we focused on the application of modern scientific methods of strategic management. The aim of this research was based to create management methodology which implementation will improve management process of local development. The results show that the application of appropriate methodologies at the stages of planning, design and implementation, using qualitative and quantitative criteria of efficiency and effectiveness could enhance the strategic planning process, which will result in increased levels of efficacy parameters.


Abstract - The transcription of Eugen Huber's notes on Karl Georg Bruns' 'Pandekten' course held in 1870 in Berlin constitutes a meritorious work that makes a previously unpublished source available: it is an important testimony not only of the romanistic training of Huber, the father of the Swiss Civil Code, but also of the teaching role of Bruns, from whose lectures emerges the awareness of Roman law as a common basis for European legal culture.


Integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) systems combining coal gasification and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are promising for highly efficient and environmentally friendly utilization of coal for energy production. Most IGFC system analyses performed to date have used non-dimensional thermodynamic SOFC models that do not resolve the intrinsic constraints of SOFC operation. In this work, a one-dimensional finite volume model for planar SOFC is developed and verified using literature data. Special attention is paid to making the model capable of supporting recent SOFC technology improvements, including the use of anode-supported configurations, metallic interconnects, and reduced polarization losses. Results are presented for SOFC operation on humidified hydrogen and methane-containing syngas, under co-flow and counter-flow configurations; detailed internal profiles of species mole fractions, temperature, current density and electrochemical performance are obtained. The effects of performance, fuel composition and flow configuration on SOFC performance and thermal profiles are evaluated, and the implications of these results for system design and analysis are discussed. Copyright © 2009 by ASME.


A cast of 24 players, from which are drawn the secondary characters in the play. Human bodies must be used to texture the play with a sense of humanity relentlessly moving out of one epoch into another. This may be specifically medieval, or it may not. Caution: Paracelsus is fully protected by copyright. All inquiries concerning production of the play including scenes from it should be directed to the author's agent, Renee Paris, c/o Talonbooks, 201/1019 East Cordova, Vancouver, B.C.


For overcoming the large mean square error(MSE) and slow convergence rate of traditional multiple-input decision-feedback blind equalization algorithm(MI-DFE),a self-optimized blind equalization algorithm based on orthogonal wavelet transform and fractionally spaced frequency diversity(WT-FF-SOC) was proposed on the basis of analyzing orthogonal wavelet transform,fractionally spaced equalizer,and frequency diversity technique.In the proposed WT-FF-SOC algorithm,fractionally spaced frequency diversity blind equalization algorithm using orthogonal wavelet(WT-FF) was first obtained through fusing orthogonal wavelet,fractionally spaced equalizer,and frequency diversity technique;after the output of every branch in the WT-FF was firstly combined,the structure of decision feedback based on the combined signal was introduced,and the tracking mode of WT-FF-SOC with constant modulus algorithm(CMA) was established;and after the every branch in the WT-FF introduced decision-feedback filters,the outputs of the decision-feedback filters were combined,and this structure was used as the starting up mode of WT-FF-SOC with blind RLS algorithm.Two modes can automatically switch according to the threshold of cost function decision.The proposed WT-FF-SOC algorithm has better ability to improve the convergence rate and reduce the MSE.The simulated results in underwater acoustic channel show validity of WT-FF-SOC algorithm.


Abstract Structural evidence from the Ben Lui district supports Bailey's view that the hinge of a major recumbent fold can be demonstrated there. Way up evidence indicates that all the recumbent structures from the Ben Udlaidh fold upwards face towards the south-east and south-south-east. The Ben Udlaidh and Ben Lui folds are therefore synclines. The attitude and character of the folds suggest gravitational flow.


In preparing this annotated bibliography for the Department of Energy, an extensive review of technical literature was conducted so that valuable information on the inorganic portion of the coal seams in North America could be organized and presented in a report that would be useful to people working in the many areas of coal extraction, coal preparation, and coal utilization. The annotations can only highlight the articles reviewed and not supplant them. It is therefore advisable that the reader refer to the source publication for more specific information and use this bibliography only as a guide in obtaining detailed information concerning coal minerals and trace elements. The Coal Minerals Bibliography contains more than 400 annotations compiled by annotating published articles that investigated: (1) the solid inorganic constituents associated with coals; (2) the mineral matter and trace elements found within the coal matrix; and (3) mineral matter and trace elements found in coal by-products produced from coal extraction, preparation, gasification, combustion, and liquefaction processes. Only articles dealing with North American coals are included due to the scope and duration of the project. After reviewing the available data base on the subject area, both manually and by computer, more than 2,000 articlesmore » that appeared to satisfy the above objectives were identified, acquired, and evaluated for degree of relevance to the subject area and value to the projected user of this bibliography. Reasons for keeping only 439 articles in the bibliography are given.« less


SRON is developing ultra-low noise Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) based on a superconducting Ti/Au bilayer on a suspended SiN island with SiN legs for the SAFARI instrument aboard the SPICA mission. We successfully fabricated TESs with very narrow (0.5-0.7 μm) and thin (0.25 μm) SiN legs on different sizes of SiN islands using deep reactiveion etching process. The pixel size is 840x840 μm2 and there are variety of designs with and without optical absorbers. For TESs without absorbers, we measured electrical NEPs as low as <1x10-19 W/√Hz with response time of 0.3 ms and reached the phonon noise limit. Using TESs with absorbers, we quantified the darkness of our setup and confirmed a photon noise level of 2x10-19 W/√Hz.


While carrying out the work for Party construction through network for students,we can extend the position of ideological and political work and improve effectiveness and level of party construction.Nowadays,the following practices have been probed into Party construction through network for students in vocational colleges,such as established online Party school,set up Party-blog,held interactive video conferences for Party members,recruited new Party members through the network video and developed information management systems of Party construction.If we want to do a good job in Party construction,we must fully realize the importance of Party construction through network for students,strengthen the leadership of the Party,enhance staff construction of Party members,and constantly improve the content of Party construction.


It aims to develop a research model with great success in companies dedicated to cleaning in southern Quito to use biodegradable inputs, with affordable prices without neglecting the quality of the service, thereby facilitating the acquisition, without converting the cost a pretext to use products that pollute the atmosphere more without taking into account the serious consequences they cause.


IL‐1 has a number of effects on T cell growth but a specific role for IL‐1 in T cell responses in vivo has not been elucidated. In this study the role of IL‐1 in Th1/Th2 responses was examined in mice deficient for the IL‐1 type 1 receptor (IL‐1RI −/−) during cutaneous Leishmania major infection or following immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). After inoculation of L. major stationary phase promastigotes into the hind footpad, both IL‐1RI−/− and wild‐type (WT) mice developed small lesions which resolved spontaneously. Lymphnode cells from infected IL‐1RI−/− mice produced significantly more IL‐4 and IL‐10 than those from WT mice following antigenic stimulation in vitro. Splenocytes from IL‐1RI−/− and WT mice showed similar levels of antigen‐induced proliferation. In contrast, splenocyte cultures from the IL‐1RI−/− mice contained significantly more IL‐4 than those from WT mice. Similar results were also obtained after immunization with KLH. While lymph node cells from both IL‐1RI−/− and WT mice displayed similar levels of KLH‐specific proliferation, those from IL‐1RI −/− mice produced significantly more IL‐4 than those from WT mice. Conversely, antigen‐stimulated lymph node cells from WT mice secreted significantly greater amounts of IFN‐γ as compared with those from IL‐1RI −/− mice. These data indicate that while IL‐1 is not required for mounting an immune response or antigen‐dependent proliferation, it appears to be required for normal regulation of Th1/Th2 responses and may function to negatively regulate IL‐4 expression.


This thesis is motivated by the low development of early reading skills in grade 1 elementary school students at biMBA-AIUEO Kramat Semanan. This study also aims to improve early reading skills using flash card media in pre-school age children. The subject of this study consisted of 13 children, 8 boys and 5 girls. This research is a classroom action research that uses the Kemmis and Mc Taggart research model while the data collection techniques used by observation, interviews, documentation and tests. The data analysis technique using quantitative descriptive percentage. The results shows that the early reading ability of children at biMBA-AIUEO Kramat Semanan improved gradually by using flash card media through the steps, namely, recognizing the relationship of letters to sounds, distinguishing letters/recognizing familiar letters, mentioning words with the same initial letters, combining syllables into words, mentioning pictures that have words, and reading words clearly. The improvement can be proven from the result of the first cycle research is in the criteria of developing as expected by 53%, then increase in cycle II to 80%, and increasing to 96.3% in the third cycle. From the description above, it can be concluded that using flash card media can improve early reading skills in pre-school age children at biMBA-AIUEO Kramat Semanan, Kalideres District, West Jakarta.


Abstract of paper that was presented at the 2013 National Nursing Forum. Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details El Haddad, M., Moxham, L. & Broadbent, M. (2013). Graduate RNs' practice readiness. Program and Book of Abstract: The National Nursing Forum: Success through Synergy (pp. 86-87). Australia: Australian College of Nursing. This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers/1692 Graduate RNs' practice readiness: May El Haddad MACN University of Wollongong Co-authors: Lorna Moxham FACN, University of Wollongong, and Marc Broadbent, CQUniversity Introduction The growing demand for healthcare services by an aging Australian population coupled with declining nursing numbers pose a significant impact on the Australian Healthcare industry� The Commonwealth Government has responded by increasing funding to educate more registered nurses (RNs) across Australia� As a result a significant number of graduate RNs are expected to join the workforce� Australian Bachelor of Nursing (BN) programs aim to develop knowledge and skills at a beginning practitioner level that can be applied in many different contexts� With the award of registration, graduate RNs are declared to be practice ready and are considered safe and competent practitioners albeit at a novice level� However, discourse within the literature reveals that opinions differ between clinicians and education providers as to whether recently graduated RNs are adequately prepared for the challenges of the current healthcare system� Therefore, this presentation will present research that explored the meaning of graduate RNs' practice readiness from the perspective of both industry and education sectors to address this knowledge gap within the Australian context� Method A qualitative worldview with grounded theory methodology was used to explore the understanding of nurse unit managers and BN program coordinators from Australian universities regarding graduate RNs' practice readiness� In-depth semi structured interviews were conducted and comprehensive data was


Employment status of nurses is examined in the context of a role conflict-job satisfaction model. It is proposed that nurses experience a pull toward nursing due to the satisfaction they derive from providing important care to patients, but also a push away from the profession if there are competing demands for their time from children or spouse. The latter is exacerbated by the hours and schedules required of nurses, whereas the former is compromised by a lack of autonomy with respect to determining the way in which nursing care will be delivered in the hospital setting.


The purpose of this study is to find out about the authority of the Prosecutor as executor in carrying out the destruction of confiscated goods resulting from criminal acts and the obstacles in carrying out the destruction of confiscated narcotics crimes, as well as the perspective of destroying confiscated goods in order to prevent the re-circulation of confiscated narcotics crimes in society. The research method is normative legal research, which uses secondary data sources with an emphasis on theoretical and qualitative analysis. The results of the study found acts of destroying evidence of narcotics according to Article 26 paragraph 1 of Government Regulation No. 40 of 2013 concerning Implementation of Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, law enforcement agencies that are allowed to destroy narcotic evidence are BNN investigators and POLRI investigators, and prosecutors. Barriers to the destruction of confiscated goods for narcotics crime there are 5 (five) factors, namely; the legal factors themselves, law enforcement factors, facilities or facilities factors, community factors. The Belawan District Prosecutor's Office has taken preventive action, namely control is carried out to prevent the possibility of undesirable things from happening in the future, preventive or preventive actions are carried out by the Belawan District Prosecutor's Office as the executor of the Court Decision, aiming to protect against bad things that may occur, such as loss or misuse of confiscated narcotics.


Sap flow rate of Hippophae rhamnoides L.subsp.sinensis Rousi in Huangfuchuan Basin was measured using TDP method.Synchronous environmental factors such as incident solar radiation,air temperature,relative air humidity,wind speed,soil temperature at depth of 10 cm were recorded continuously using automatic weather station.Leaf stomatal conductance was also measured at the same time using LI-6400.The data were processed with Excel 2000,Visual C++ 6.0 and SPSS 13.0.Mathematical model [gH2O/(h·gDW)] of sap flow flux perunit dry foliage mass was developed by analyzing correlation between sap flow flux perunit dry foliage mass and environmental factors.The model is good based on the performance indices.Reasonable forecast result has been achieved by predicting sap flow flux perunit dry foliage mass on 23th July 2006 and on 2nd July 2007.Mathematical models[gH2O/(d·tree)] of daily sap flow flux for H.rhamnoides in Huangfuchuan Basin were developed based on the model of sap flow flux perunit dry foliage mass.The models are good through being validated and the second model is better.


Let (X;Y ) be a random vector with joint probability measure and with margins and . Let (Pn)n2N and (Qn)n2N be two bases of complete orthonormal polynomials with respect to and , respectively. Under integrability conditions we have the following polynomial expansion: (dx;dy) = X n;k2N %n;kPn(x)Qk(y) (dx) (dy): In this paper we consider the problem of changing the margin intoe in this expansion. That is the case when is the true (or estimated) margin and e is its approximation. It is shown that a new joint probability with new mar- gins is obtained. The rst margin is e and the second one is expressed using connections between orthonormal polynomials. These transformations are compared with those obtained by the Sklar Theorem via copulas. A bound for the distance between the new joint distribution and its parent is pro- posed. Dieren t cases are illustrated. 1. Introduction and motivations. If X and Y are two random vari- ables with probability measures and and if (Pn)n2N (resp. (Qn)n2N) is a (resp. ) complete orthonormal basis of polynomials, then the joint density of (X;Y ), say , satises


The author offers a synoptic vision of the possibilities presented by the use of information and communication technologies in the teaching of translation on a distance-learning basis, with a view to improving contact between lecturers and students, suggesting practical translation classes and guaranteeing individualised online education.


Objective:To investigate the effect of TCM decoction(Bushenjiedu Tang and Jianpijiedu Tang)on T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in different immune status.Methods:Thirty-six out-patients with chronic HBV infection were divided into immune tolerance group(18 cases),immune clearance group(18 cases)according to their immune status,and the other 10 healthy persons were selected as control group.Ts(T cells) subset populations were diferentiated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs),incubated and induced then,the Ts were interfered by plasma of medicine of Bushenjiedu decoction and Jianpijiedu decoction,respectively.The expressions of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+and CD28+were detected by FACS,and the levels of IFN-γ in supernatants by ELISA.Results:After the drugs intervention,the CD3+,CD4+,CD8+and CD28+ expression levels of immune tolerance group and the immune clearance group were higher than the control(health) group,and the CD28+ expression levels of tonify kidney and detoxification group were higher than the immune clearance group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).After the drugs intervention,the IFN-γ expression levels of immune tolerance group and the immune clearance group were higher than before the intervention,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion:The tonify kidney and detoxification moderate doses side and strengthening spleen and detoxification small doses side can promote Ts out patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in state of immune tolerance and immune clearance.The influence of tonifying kidney and detoxification and strengthening spleen and detoxification on Ts function in chronical HBV infectious patients in immune tolerance stage was much more prominent.


Abstract : Tests were conducted to determine the arming-wire rivet-head breaking loads, with arming wires subjected to static loads and 5-lb loads dropped 20 in. All the rivet heads were essentially similar, and the arming-wire strength was within design specifications except for failures by coil spreading and unwinding in the Mk 3 assemblies. An AN-M6A2 rivet head which was rotated with an electric drill under hand tension showed wear and pulled through the coil in 20 min. A similar failure occurred after a 90 min free suspension in a 450-knot air stream. However, the Mk3 arming wire showed little rivet-head wear under the same conditions. The AN-M6A2 arming wire was placed in the tail-fuze position and subjected to a 450-knot air stream for 68 min. None of the components showed wear or weakening. Reported malfunctions were attributed to wire whipping after bomb releases. Tabulated test data and photographs are appended.


One of the principal issues of interest to international lawyers in the International Tin Council cases decided by the English courts was whether member states of the International Tin Council (ITC) were secondarily or concurrently liable to third parties for the debts of the organization. This issue may arise when two or more states form an organization with legal personality that can perform functions with legal consequences. In the course of performing these functions, such an organization may incur liabilities to third parties. These third parties may be states, other organizations, individuals or legal persons. The states may be member states of the organization itself or other states, and the individuals and legal persons may be nationals of member states or not. The liabilities may emanate from transactions, such as international agreements between states and the organization, that take place at the international level and may be governed by international law; or they may stem from transactions governed by municipal law, whether between the organization and states, individuals or legal persons. Such liabilities may be contractual, quasi-contractual or delictual.


Abstract This paper argues that policies, interventions and discourses pertaining to child prostitution have been guided by overarching political agendas that have masked the underlying structural basis of this phenomenon. These political agendas have shifted in accordance with the locus of power, control and resistance in South Africa since the nineteenth century. On the basis of a historical analysis this paper identifies distinct periods in which child prostitution was used to legitimate policies in favour of social control rather than social development. In the colonial period, child prostitution was used to justify stricter controls on adolescent and adult women's sexuality and movement by colonial and traditional patriarchal authorities. In the colonial and Apartheid periods, policies on child prostitution were informed by fears of miscegenation and sexually transmitted diseases, which were used to support the racist and oppressive legislation of sexual behaviour. In the 1980s and early 1990s, the issue of child prostitution was 'discovered' in the press both to deflect attention from the incarceration of juveniles during the 1987 State of Emergency and as the basis upon which liberals attacked the Apartheid state. In the latter half of the 1990s and 2000s, it was used by the African National Congress (ANC) government to attack the moral legacy left by the Apartheid state and in turn deflect responsibility for the root causes of this phenomenon. Furthermore, child prostitution was used to support stricter controls on adult sex workers and on the movement of undocumented migrants. This politicised and sensationalist approach has undermined detailed analysis of the root causes of this phenomenon and children's motivation for engaging in prostitution. For many children in South Africa it has been one means by which they can exercise their agency and power in order to ensure their survival in the face of high levels of socio-economic deprivation and rapid socio-cultural change. This paper therefore proposes a shift from policies and interventions centred on social control to social development, based on an in-depth understanding of children's agency, risk and resilience.


Connotation and research status of ecological industry were expatiated in the paper. Ecological industry transition model of traditional industries was established based on the optimum efficiency of environment, economics and society. On the basis of the above,the ecologial industry transition model of Jiangsu's paper making sector was proposed an example.


The clarity of marine spatial status requires a coherency between the state (territorial) sea boundary and the provincial sea boundary because both have the same sea width of 12 nautical miles. However, the two sea boundaries use different references; the state sea boundary refers to the low-water line, whereas the provincial sea boundary refers to the high-water line, so that the outer limits of the two sea boundaries differ. From the applicable provisions, the provincial sea management area may not exceed the territorial sea area. The method used to detect the overlap between the state sea and the provincial sea is the overlay method. By taking the study area of the waters of the province of East Nusa Tenggara, a difference is produced between the position of the outermost boundary of the territorial sea of the state of Indonesia and the sea area of East Nusa Tenggara province. The results of this study show differences in the boundaries of the state and provincial seas. To prevent potential issues, in the process of implementing Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) and/or Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), there must be a clarity and a uniform reference between the state and provincial sea boundaries; otherwise, it will create an overlap of authorities, between the state (central) and the provincial level. This incoherency shows that this practice has not fulfilled one of the requirements in implementing ICZM, which requires the integration of all aspects, including political boundaries.


A key element in the comprehension of the response of glaciers to climate change is an understanding of the bed conditions, and these are a vital component of ice sheet models. The West Antarctic ice streams are potentially highly unstable, with implications for rapid sea level rise. These are underlain by unconsolidated sediments (soft-bed), which have a distinct but rarely studied subglacial hydrology. We present a detailed data set from Skálafellsjökull, a soft-bedded glacier in Iceland, as an analogue for other soft-bedded glaciers. These data include wireless in situ till water pressure, meteorological, surface melt, discharge and glacier surface velocity from GPS as well as remote sensing imagery. We show how short-term warm events during winter can effect annual velocity, and how the number of warm events has increased over the last 10 years. We argue this was because water was stored in a soft-bed subglacial reservoir where it could be rapidly released during winter, with the resultant storage levels effecting the following summer dynamics.  To test whether warm winter events are unique to Iceland, we analyzed the daily air temperatures record of 18 World Glacier Monitoring Service ‘reference’ glaciers (1979-2018). We were able to show that periods of warm temperatures during winter were present in maritime locations, and the number of these events had increased in locations where winter temperatures had also increased. We propose that winter events are an important component of glacier retreat and sea level rise that have hitherto not been examined in detail.


To set up and carry out the quality system in transportation trade must keep a way of ba-sic for the people.In adjustment of resource manpower fit with the management of quality system.That is the head factor to establish,carry out and keep on quality(safety)management system.