e18843 Background: Mortality rate secondary to COVID-19 in patients with cancer is estimated to be > 10% after vaccination, with an increased risk of infection and hospitalization The FDA granted emergency use approval for pre-exposure prophylaxis with tixagevimab-cilgavimab (Evusheld)based on preliminary results from the PROVENT trial conducted before the emergence of the Omicron variant. However, there are limited real-world studies investigating the impact of Evusheld on COVID-19 in patients with cancer, especially after Omicron became the most common circulating variant in the US in Nov 2021. We assessed the impact of Evusheld on the incidence and severity of COVID-19 at our institution. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study in our institution on patients with cancer who received Evusheld between Dec 2021 and Mar 2022 with a 6 month follow-up. Primary outcome was incidence of COVID-19. Secondary outcomes included rate of hospitalization related to COVID-19 and associated mortality. Results: Of the 228 patients included in this study, 90% were White with a median age of 67 years, 67% had a hematologic malignancy, 98% were vaccinated against COVID-19, and 72.8% received the recommended 300mg dosing during the study period. Thirty-one patients (13.6%) developed COVID-19, with an average time to diagnosis of 43 days from receiving Evusheld, of whom 26 (83%) were symptomatic. Infected patients were of an average age of 60 years with a BMI of 26, and only a minority (3.2%) had prior COVID-19. Most had hematologic malignancies (77.4%), with the most common being non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Most were receiving chemotherapy (68%) at the time of diagnosis. Third of the affected patients received ani-CD20 treatment (32%). Most received only 150 mg dose (80.6%) of Evusheld. 8(33%) patients with hematological malignancy and 3 (42%) with solid malignancy received Paxlovid after diagnosis. All patients who had COVID-19 were previously vaccinated, with the majority receiving 3 doses (64.5%). Five (16%) patients were hospitalized for COVID-19, of whom 4 had hematological malignancy; one with hematological malignancy required mechanical ventilation and died. Conclusions: Overall, the incidence of COVID-19 following Evusheld was higher than in the PROVENT trial. This could be attributed to the ineffectiveness of Evusheld against new variants. Infections appeared to be more common and severe in patients with hematologic malignancies. [Table: see text]


ABSTRACT This article evaluates an eye-tracking device ("I Can Speak With My Eyes") designed for a museum exhibition. An eye-tracking system is designed not only for able individuals, but also for bedridden patients or physically handicapped people who intend to use computers. With one video CCD camera and frame grabber analyzing a series of images taken of the human pupil gazing at a screen, an auto-range-finding algorithm can be used to obtain the location of the pupil in real time. The computers will produce speech according to the location of where the eyes are gazing. In essence, the participants can speak with their eyes to achieve the advantages of learning and communicating. After the system was implemented, an experimental evaluation with innovation diffusion theory was conducted to survey users' feelings regarding the system. The implications of the evaluation findings are discussed to aid further research and education.


Tourism leader course is very practical, and case teaching method can effectively help students acquire the key points of course knowledge. Through teaching practice, it can be seen that some related factors in course cases can obviously affect students' learning effect and satisfaction, which is qualitatively described and analyzed by Kano Model in this paper.


Human information-seeking behavior is a topic of increasing interest in many disciplines. However, the dynamics of this behavior remain elusive. The extant research has taken cognitive and behavior...


This article reviews the literature on international social group work and makes some observations about the current state of the field. The authors used a multipronged search strategy to examine the literature on international social group work. These search strategies yielded approximately 1,000 abstracts and citations that were then reviewed closely for content related to social group work. The search revealed four broad categories of articles, book chapters, and conference presentations: (1) descriptive studies of social group work done in countries outside the United States; (2) surveys of practitioners, educators, or databases about social group work practices; (3) descriptions of the development of social group work models in non-U.S. countries; (4) cross-cultural comparisons of social work group model implementation in two or more specific countries; and (5) the implementation and delivery of group work training and educational models in an international/global context.


A novel photonic configuration for instantaneous microwave frequency measurement is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. A polarizer is used in one output branch of a phase modulator to implement the simultaneous phase modulation (PM) and intensity modulation (IM). The transmission responses related with the unknown microwave frequency are then obtained by sending the phase and intensity modulated optical signals to the Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). Thanks to the MZIs, the response speed of the measurement system is greatly enhanced compared to the previous works using long dispersive medium. Furthermore, the proposed scheme provides improved measurement range and resolution in virtue of the complementary nature of the transmission responses. The measurement errors as shown in experimental results can be kept in 0.2GHz over a frequency range of 0.1GHz-5.3GHz.


The arrangement as well as the properties and the structure of the fibres within the yarn and the yarns within the fabric generate a complex mechanism of deformation in such material. Therefore, intends to develop a theoretical model of the mechanical behaviour of the twill weave based on previous researches concerning the simplest plain weave. However, scaling up from the plain to the twill weave is not a direct transformation due to the non‐symmetry of the latter. The finite element method does not require simplifying hypotheses. Thus, it is possible to simulate different stresses, to determine the fabric response and to compare the behaviour of the various structures. This simulation requires the use of a realistic meshing of the basic cell and an accurate characterisation of the physical parameters of the material that composes the basic cell. Assuming the material to be elastic, the derived and, consequently, the discreet mathematical formulations of the problem have both been solved. The coefficients from those formulas are then used in the Modulef software. For each stage of the development, uniaxial, biaxial and perpendicular to the fabric plan, tensile tests have been simulated, as well as pure shear testing. The next step consisted of computing the Tresca and Von Mises stresses within the basic cell and the micro‐stress field within the basic cell components.


When administrated with 17-beta estradiol by percutaneous route, cyproterone acetate, a progestative with strong anti-androgenic activity, has been shown to have a good clinical tolerance with respect to weight and arterial blood pressure


339 Background: We present the largest series reviewing complications and pathologic outcomes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and radical cystectomy (RC), to determine whether the interval between chemotherapy and surgery (ICS) affects 90-day post-operative morbidity and lymph node metastasis. Methods: We analyzed 338 patients treated with NAC followed by RC from January 1995 through December 2013. The association of ICS with 90-day surgical morbidity, incidence of major complication, 90-day readmission, and lymph node metastasis was determined. Generalized linear models were used to determine potential predictors of each endpoint. Patients were stratified into four groups by ICS days (18 – 42; 43 – 64; 64 – 85; > 85). Complications were classified using the Clavien system. Results: The overall morbidity of the cohort was 59%, with 66% being minor, and 34% being major complications. The median ICS was 46 days (18 – 199 days). There was no difference in the overall morbidity, readmission, or major...


Criticism through music is an aspect of musicology that has come to stay in society. Nigerian pop artists have explored music criticism which has given rise to the numerous released songs criticizing the government, organizations, or individuals directly or indirectly. The situation of Nigeria's economy and security has depleted over the past decade which has seen an increase in insecurity, corruption, and police brutality. In the light of this, musicians have over the years continuously lend their voice in these discussions by releasing thought provocative songs that are exhilarating to the consumers. These songs have proven to be relevant in the fight against corruption, insecurity and injustice in Nigeria as they try to correct or proffer solutions to the ills in society. In the wake of October 14 2020, a group of youth protested at the Lekki toll gate in Lagos state against police brutality to innocent citizens and some of these thought-provoking songs were the driving force behind their emotions. The philosophy behind the songs have educated Nigerian citizens on their fundamental rights which has become an eye opener for both the oppressor and the oppressed This study intends to discuss, and analyze the text of the songs used during this protest to ascertain if using the songs was justified. The methodology for collecting data for this research purpose is through observations and discographies.


This paper describes our submission to the SemEval-2023 for Task 6 on LegalEval: Understanding Legal Texts. Our submission concentrated on three subtasks: Legal Named Entity Recognition (L-NER) for Task-B, Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) for Task-C1, and Court Judgment Prediction with Explanation (CJPE) for Task-C2. We conducted various experiments on these subtasks and presented the results in detail, including data statistics and methodology. It is worth noting that legal tasks, such as those tackled in this research, have been gaining importance due to the increasing need to automate legal analysis and support. Our team obtained competitive rankings of 15th, 11th, and 1st in Task-B, Task-C1, and Task-C2, respectively, as reported on the leaderboard.


The invention relates to a continuous annealing furnace for continuously annealing aluminium alloy sheet at final thickness by continuously moving heat-treatable AlMgSi aluminium alloy sheet through a continuous annealing furnace arranged to heat the moving aluminium sheet to a set soaking temperature (TSET) in the temperature range of 450 DEG C to 590 DEG C, the continuous annealing furnace has an entry section and an exit section, the moving aluminium sheet moves substantially horizontally through the continuous annealing furnace, and wherein the moving aluminium sheet is rapidly cooled on leaving the exit section, and wherein before or near the entry section of the continuous annealing furnace the moving aluminium sheet is pre-heated to a temperature of 5 DEG C to 100 DEG C below the TSET using an average heat-up rate as function of the sheet thickness of at least Y = -31.ln(X) + 50, wherein Y is the heat-up rate in DEG C/sec and X is the sheet thickness in mm.


This paper describes the application of an extension to a plasma torch used in ICAP-AES (Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry). The effect on the background emission spectrum is examined as well as the effect on the detection limits for several spectral lines.


Palestinian nationalism refers to the idea that supports the formation of an Arab Palestinian state with respect to British Mandate of Palestine. In order to test the applicability of the Palestinian nationalism growth, examination of print sources is carried out with respect to Zionism. Its emergence dates after 1967 in the Ottoman loyalty. 1967 onwards marked distinctive Palestinian nationalism, which was at loggerheads with the Israeli state right from the start. Yet, there were differences in how Palestinian nationalism functioned and evolved with respect to the Israeli Arabs and the Palestinian refugees. As a conclusion, a separate Palestinian nationalism took place chiefly to cater to the Zionism issue.


In most countries today, governments are required to provide housing to those that live in poor living conditions. The Malaysian government has introduced various schemes to allocate adequate housing to those who cannot enter market-rate housing. Unfortunately, housing schemes such as the Projek Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) apartment has created an environment of concentrated poverty and stigmatization that has led to negative land value, limited job prospects and segregation to those who live is such housing. Many developed nations have realised that the traditional public housing does not work because it create 'ghettos' and have moved on to introduce various forms of housing with one of them being affordable housing or mixed-income housing (MIH). MIH refers to the placement of people from different income groups under the same development where by residents share, own and manage the development with the hope that this then dissipates the concentration of poverty. The purpose of this research is to identify the benefits that mixed-income housing can have over public housing. This research is carried out to review other studies on MIH and propose an architectural-based guideline with relevant arguments. The findings indicate that MIH is still a fairly new concept and objectively determining the success of MIH is difficult because of the variables involved in defining successful social interactions. Nevertheless, better facilities and quality of housing indicates a shift towards better public housing. This research hopefully provides an alternative to the PPR in Malaysia that can improve the overall standard of living for the nation.


This article features the final phase of a 6-year inquiry focused on counselor educators who assumed their first full-time faculty position in the fall 2000 academic term. Through in-depth interviews and questionnaires, the participants described their experiences addressing (a) work environment, (b) sources of satisfaction and pleasure, (c) the interplay between professional and personal domains, and (d) change and transformation. References to tenure and promotion became frequent and prominent across all themes. Recommendations for counselor-educators-in-training, candidates, new counselor educators, and veteran counselor educators are provided.


ABSTRACT The hydrolysis and radiolysis of TRUEX-dodecane process solvent (0.2 M octyl(phenyl)N,N-diisobutycarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO)-1.2 M tributylphosphate (TBP) in n-dodecane) has been Investigated in a series of experiments conducted in a biphasic mode involving contact with aqueous nitric acid solutions. The stability of the principle extractant (CMPO) is observed to be considerably greater than that reported previously for similar studies in chlorinated diluents. The concentration profiles for the degradation products determined by capillary gas chromatography have been successfully fit assuming pseudo-first order kinetics and mechanistic information derived from these fits.


Summary A reliability-based optimization methodology has been developed to design components of an airframe structure. Design is formulated for an accepted level of risk or reliability. The design variables, weight and the constraints became functions of reliability. Uncertainties in the load, strength and the material properties, as well as the design variables, were modeled as random parameters with specified distributions, like normal, Weibull or Gumbel functions. The objective function and constraint, or a failure mode, became derived functions of the risk-level. Solution to the problem produced the optimum design with weight, variables and constraints as a function of the risk- level. Optimum weight versus reliability traced out an inverted-S shaped graph. The center of the graph corresponded to a 50 percent probability of success, or one failure in two samples. Under some assumptions, this design would be quite close to the deterministic optimum solution. The weight increased when reliability exceeded 50 percent, and decreased when the reliability was compromised. A design could be selected depending on the level of risk acceptable to a situation. The reliability-based optimization software was obtained by combining three codes. MSC/Nastran code was the deterministic analyzer . Fast probability integration of the NESSUS software was the probabilistic calculator. NASA Glenn Research Center's optimization testbed CometBoards was used as the optimizer. The optimization capability required a deterministic finite element structural model and probabilistic models for material properties , thermo-mechanical load and design variables. Reliability-based optimization method was applied to design the raked wing tip of the Boeing 767–400 extended range airliner which is made of composite and metallic materials. The members of the wing tip were grouped to obtain a set of 13 active design variables. For constraint formulation, the structure was separated into a number of subcomponents. Strain constraints were imposed on members in the subcomponents. There were 203 strain constraints for the panels and the spars and 16 additional constraints for the rod members. Three translations and one rotation at the tip of the structure were also constrained. The design model had a total of 227 behavior constraints for two critical load cases. Constraint can be imposed on principal strain or on a failure theory for laminates. Deterministic optimum solution was generated first, followed by stochastic design. The stochastic optimization calculation required continuous running of the code for more than 5 days, but the execution was smooth and eventless. The optimum design exhibited nine active constraints consisting of eight strain and one displacement limitations. The optimization process redistributed the strain field in the structure and achieved up to a 20-percent reduction in weight over traditional design.


This experiment was conducted in tomato field at Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU, Chitwan, Nepal) between October 2016 and May 2017 to evaluate effect of net house on invasive insect species of tomato moth, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). The trial was setup with two treatments inside net house and under open conditions and was designed with four replications. The adults of T. absoluta were observed significantly lower numbers inside the net house (1.41 adult/trap) compared to the open condition (24.84 adult/trap). The T. absoluta population increased with rainfall. The marketable yield was significantly higher inside the net house (100.91 ton/hec) due to reduction of damage to tomato fruit (4 ton/hec) by T. absoluta. The initial level of investment was found to be higher inside the net house when compared to open cultivation. In terms of economic analysis in long term aspect only, the net house is a suitable means of pest management against T. absoluta.


Four new N‐(arylsufanyl)carbonyl paclitaxel analogues (2a–d) were prepared from 7‐(triethylsilyl)‐protected baccatin III (5). Their cytotoxicities against human ovarian (A2780) and prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines, as well as their tubulin‐assembly activities, were determined. In these assays, the new compounds showed rather weak activities, one two orders of magnitude below those of paclitaxel (taxol; 1). The known 3′‐N‐[(thiophen‐2‐yl)carbonyl] paclitaxel analogue 3 was also prepared. As previously reported, 3 exhibited strongly improved cytotoxicities and tubulin‐assembly activities as compared to paclitaxel (1).


We examined the effects of simultaneous administration of recombinant insulinlike growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and glucocorticoid on the diameter of muscle fibers in rats. The steroid group received subcutaneous injection of triamcinolone, the IGF‐treated group received IGF‐I alone, and the steroid plus IGF group received both triamcinolone and IGF‐I. After 14 days, each rat was subjected to muscle biopsy of the extensor digitorum longus and soleus. Glucocorticoid treatment caused significant reduction in diameter of muscle fibers, compared to controls. Simultaneous administration of IGF‐I significantly attenuated glucocorticoid‐induced muscle atrophy. Glucocorticoid increased both urinary concentration of 3‐methylhistidine and urinary creatine/creatinine ratio. IGF‐I reduced those changes in the urine. We conclude that IGF‐I administration prevents, at least partially, the development of steroid myopathy. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 22: 213–217, 1999


Adkin album. Wellington (2), nos. 241-441. Views of Wellington taken between 1950 and 1957. Includes harbour swim event at Evans Bay, 26 February 1950; speedboat contests at Evans Bay, 4 March 1950; Patent slip and the Union Steam Ship Co's wharf at Evans Bay; tulip Sunday at the Wellington Botanic Garden (15 October 1950); Evans Bay Yacht Club yard in use as a temporary base for Solent flying boats with the Ararangi at a mooring; various views of reclamation undertaken by TEAL for their flying boat service at Evans Bay, and flying boats. Many of the images in this album are linked with Evans Bay, as Adkin was living at 424 Evans Bay Parade in the 1950s, several images showing the house. Views of Wellington from the Mount Victoria lookout and from the Tinakori Ridge Radio Station, in 1952; the old Robert Hannah residence in Boulcott Street; views of the inner city including the upper end of Ghuznee St., Upper Willis St., the Children's Dental Clinic. Image no. 313 shows a house at 214 Upper Willis Street (known as Restwyn), taken in Feb 1953, while image no. 434 shows the same site in January 1957 after the house had been demolished. Numbers of images show preparations and decorations for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II on 2 June 1953. There are many photographs of preparation for extending the airport at Rongotai, showing Moa Point Hill in course of destruction to provide spoil for reclamation, and also Rongotai Ridge, with one view of a house being moved from the ridge, also showing development of the breakwater at Moa Point, all taken betwen 1953 and 1957. A 1954 image shows an extension to the Town Hall under construction for municipal offices in December 1953; the Hinemoa at No. 1 Ferry Wharf; preparations and decorations for the visit of Queen Elizabeth II in December 1953, including decorations at the Railway Station, Defence Stores Building in Featherston St., Kirkcaldie & Stains, James Smiths Corner, DIC, and the GPO. Image taken in March 1956 shows a house with turret on the corner of Upper Willis St and Aro St (a house which was shown in CD Barraud's painting of 1877). Views of yachting in the harbour, Ward Island, and the Eastbourne seawall.


INTRODUCTION
The weaknesses of Guinea-Bissau's health system have long been highlighted. The purpose of this study is to contribute with evidence for decision-making on the reform of the country's healthcare map, by analyzing the availability and readiness of services at the facilities that may become part of a Hospital Complex in Bissau, proposed in the National Health Development Plan.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
We analyzed 13 public and private facilities with inpatient capacity, located in Bissau and Biombo. Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tools were used for data collection, treatment and analysis.

RESULTS
A comprehensive overview of these facilities has been provided, describing their general capacity to provide care and their readiness to implement it, along with the availability and readiness of specific services: diagnosis, family planning, mother and child health, obstetrics, communicable and non communicable diseases, blood transfusion and surgery. We observed a greater concentration of beds and professionals in the facilities of public sector, the only that provides all the specific services analyzed. Private sector services with agreements to supply the public sector have higher readiness levels and the private sector has the lowest operating capacity.

DISCUSSION
Findings reflect the lack of equipment, infrastructure and resources, the predominance of the public sector and the growth of the private for-profit and non-profit sectors, as well as inadequacies in planning and regulation. Similarities and differences between our findings and those described in the literature for other African countries are identified.

CONCLUSION
This study reinforces the relevance of developing integrated and rational responses of health services and provides evidence for this.


Tactical planning is implemented to balance customer demand and supply capacity within a medium-term and to avoid under- and overcapacity. In engineer-to-order (ETO) environments, under- and overcapacity lead firms to incur substantial costs that can easily wipe out profit margins. ETO-oriented markets like the construction and capital goods sectors are massive in terms of investments and have considerable impact on the gross domestic product (GDP) of nations. This makes demand-supply (DS) balancing highly important in ETO contexts. The purpose of the thesis is to expand the knowledge about how tactical planning contributes to balancing customer demand and supply capacity in ETO settings. This purpose departed from accepting that – based on extent literature – such knowledge about tactical planning is rather generic and fragmented, which calls for further research. The results in the thesis are presented from literature studies, two single case studies and a multiple case study. Since DS balancing in principle means dealing with the complexity stemming from demand and supply, the thesis results focus on how tactical planning manages such complexity in ETO environments. A single case study, focusing on tactical-level planning activities, together with a multiple case study, focusing on cross-functional integration, address how informal tactical-level planning processes contribute to DS balancing. Including a single case study, focusing on S&OP as a formal tactical-level planning process, the three studies form the empirical base of a framework that responds to the purpose of the thesis. The framework considers complexity, which is represented by two dimensions including detail and uncertainty. The thesis contributes to practical aspects by providing guidance to tactical-level planners in ETO environments concerning the areas of improvement to consider when configuring and upgrading the planning process to manage complexity. The theoretical contribution of the thesis is concerned with the developed framework that describes the relation between tactical planning, DS balancing, cross-functional integration and complexity in ETO settings.


The effect of brighteners viz. poly(vinyl alc.) (PVA), salicylic acid (SA), 6-methoxysalicylaldehyde (o-MeSA) and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) both individually and collectively on the kinetics of Zn-Ni alloy deposits was investigated by cathodic polarization technique. PVA is found to be phys. adsorbed on the substrate and 2-MBT is found to be chemisorbed on the substrate. SA has no effect on the polarization curves while o-MeSA catalyzes the hydrogen evolution reaction at higher current densities.


Dam is water building which serves to stem the flow of the river order to obtain water reservoir river. To making dam must is designed with standard security high that the dam secure against overtopping ( to flooding plan ), a piping and burden the devastating earthquake. Dam in wonogiri was huge we need to meet the security standards applied of them are analysis and break when a when there was rupture or collapse so of the surrounding community and part downstream can save self that not hit by hack flood .
Evaluation of these floods using rainfall data were 9 stations include stations Slogohimo, station Jatisrono, station Girimarto PP, station Sidoharjo, station Ngancar, station Baturetno PP, station Giriwoyo, station Kedung Uling and stations Wuryantoro divided into 5 DAS include DAS Kedoang, Temon DAS, Bengawan solo upstream DAS, Posong DAS and Kedung Uling DAS. Flooding due Dam Break searches in reservoirs and Gajah Mungkur use application methods HEC - RAS 4.0
According to the comparison of the results of the hydrograph QPMF, Q1000 years, Q100 years and Q50 years, QPMF larger. Radiation flood hydrograph downstream to the naked eye can translasion, damped (reduced) by more downstream flood peak is getting smaller. The maximum flood peak attenuation (PMF flood hydrograph) is point most downstream (in AWLR Jurug), by 23%. Attenuation of flood peak maximum possible (flood hydrograph Q1000 yrs) is point most downstream (in AWLR Jurug), of 15%, the attenuation of flood peak maximum possible (flood hydrograph Q100 yrs) is dititik most downstream (in AWLR Jurug), of 13%, the maximum flood peak attenuation (Q50 flood hydrograph yrs) is point most downstream (in AWLR Jurug), of 12%. Results of search analytics Dam break flood due to the application of HEC - RAS 4.0 shows the results of the data flood hydrograph when through in the dam body QPMF, Q1000 years, Q100 years and Q50 years, the greater QPMF the nearest future, the highest elevation and high speed.


Year dynamics of the free and fixed sterol availability in the common birch anatomic parts is determined by the author's research. The content and structure of the fixed sterol fatty acids in the shoots during an annual cycle is determined. The sterol availability in leaves in vegetation is studied.


Neutral and cationic Rh(dmbpy) systems (dmbpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) were synthesized starting from different metal precursors. [RhCl(dmbpy)(DMSO)] (3) was obtained either from the ethylene precursor [RhCl(dmbpy)(C2H4)] (1) or directly from [Rh2Cl2(COE)4] (COE = cyclooctene) in DMSO. The neutral isocyanide complex [RhCl(dmbpy){CNC(CH3)3}] (4) was obtained by reaction of 1 with tert-butyl isocyanide. Reaction of dmbpy with [Rh(DMSO)4]PF6 gave the corresponding cationic complex [Rh(dmbpy)(DMSO)2]PF6 (5), and the cationic system [Rh(dmbpy){CNC(CH3)3}2]BF4 (6) was prepared starting from [Rh(dmbpy)(HD)]BF4 (2) (HD = 1,5-hexadiene). All of these complexes were found to activate the C−Cl bond in benzyl chloride leading to quantitative isolation of the corresponding RhIII complexes [RhCl2(CH2C6H5)(dmbpy)(DMSO)] (7), [RhCl2(CH2C6H5)(dmbpy){CNC(CH3)3}] (9) [RhCl(CH2C6H5)(dmbpy)(DMSO)2]PF6 (10) and [RhCl(CH2C6H5)(dmbpy){CNC(CH3)3}2]BF4 (12). Oxidative addition of dichloromethane by complexes 3 and 5 yielded the corresponding chloromethyl complexes [RhCl2(CH2Cl)(dmbpy)(DMSO)] (8) and [RhCl(CH2Cl)(dmbpy)(DMSO)2]PF6 (11). The reactivity of 3 towards oxygen led to the isolation of the peroxo RhIII complex [RhCl(O2)(dmbpy)(DMSO)] (13). Complexes 6, 8, 9 and 12 were characterized by X-ray crystallography. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)


Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a fundamental task in natural language processing. Compared with English NER, the difficulty of Chinese NER lies in word segmentation ambiguity and polysemy. Aiming at the issue, a novel character-word fusion Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model combined with the sentence-level attention mechanism (CWSA-LSTM) is proposed. Firstly, the method encodes the representations of characters and words through the pretrained models. The word information is incorporated into the character sequence by matching the potential word with a lexicon. Then the feature vectors are fed into the LSTM layer to learn contextual information. The attention mechanism is utilized to capture the tightness of the correlation in the sentence. Experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that CWSA-LSTM outperforms other state-of-the-art methods, and verify the effectiveness of character-word fusion. For the MSRA dataset, CWSA-LSTM achieves a 2.46% improvement in F1 score over baseline Lattice LSTM.


The invention discloses a special refractory brick capable of preventing chemical scabs of a ladle. The special refractory brick comprises the following components by mass percent: 35-45 percent of magnesium-rich olivine, 20-25 percent of magnesite clinker, 5-10 percent of brucite powder, 15-20 percent of tabular corundum, 5-10 percent of muscovite, 3-7 percent of silicon dioxide, 2-10 percent of graphite to make up 100 percent. The special refractory brick capable of preventing the chemical scabs of the ladle adopts the magnesium-rich olivine as the main material, is added with magnesite clinker, brucite powder, silicon dioxide and graphite, can effectively prevent the chemical scabs of a cast, ensures the smooth surface and the clear profile of the cast, and has the performance characteristics of corrosion resistance, erosion resistance, chemical scab prevention, good slag resistance, no pollution, low production cost, high temperature resistance and the like.


According to the actual quenching process of steel 40Cr axle vehicle,the main reasons for its quenching cracking are analyzed.Considering the main forms of quenching cracking,three kinds of heat treatment processes are implemented.Based on the microstructure state and the hardness data after heat treatment,the final heat treatment process and its main parameters are determined.The results show that after 860 ℃ oil quenching,and then 860 ℃ quenching with 5% to 10% of salt water cooling and 580 ℃ tempering,the strength and hardness of the ferrite in steel 40Cr are reduced relatively,which effectively prevents quenching from cracking and improves the fatigue life.


The development of infrastructure in Indonesia has recently developed so rapidly that the need for land has increased to meet infrastructure development. This encourages humans to make the best use of the land, one of which is slopes and hilly areas. The safety of a slope is influenced by several factors, including the slope factor and the load that works on it. The high level of slope and large loads that work on it can trigger landslides so that a solution is needed to prevent it, one of which is reinforcing using a geotextile. To determine the performance of the geotextile as slope reinforcement, further research is needed on the effect of the length of the geotextile reinforcement (p) and the spacing between the geotextile (s).


Glastonbury and the Holy Thorn Ceremony Glastonbury is a small market town (population approximately 9000) that rises up steeply from the Somerset Levels, an area of drained marshland, in the south west of England. The centre of the town is dominated by the ruins of the once magnificent Glastonbury Abbey, one of the most significant British pilgrimage destinations of the Middle Ages until its dissolution at the Reformation in 1539. Despite the Abbey's demise, people continued to be drawn to the town; throughout the twentieth century, Glastonbury attracted increasingly numerous and varied spiritual seekers (Hexham 1981; Benham 1993; Bowman 1993; Prince and Riches 2000). Glastonbury's current status as a significant and sacred site for a great range of people is unparalleled in the British Isles (Ivakhiv 2001; Bowman 2005), being variously considered the Isle of Avalon, the site of a great Druidic centre of learning, a significant prehistoric centre of Goddess worship, the "cradle of English Christianity," the "New Jerusalem," a communication point for alien contact, the epicentre of New Age in England, and the "heart chakra" of planet Earth. The degree of legend and speculation surrounding the town and its past is such that some refer not to Glastonbury's history, but its "mythtory." "Alternative spirituality" in Glastonbury tends to be designated as such in implied contrast to Christianity, as if Christianity itself was a monolithic, tightly-defined phenomenon. As I have argued elsewhere, however (Bowman 2000), much of Glastonbury's success as a Christian centre has been built on what is often thought of as "folk religion," defined by Yoder as "the totality of all those views and practices of religion that exist among the people apart from and alongside the strictly theological and liturgical forms of the official religion" (1974, 14; 2001, 80), and many of the myths and practices of the "alternative" community relate to the vernacular Christian tradition. Contemporary Christianity in Glastonbury is also varied, not simply in terms of denominational divisions, but in attitudes to Glastonbury's myths and their significance, the degree of interaction there might be with the "alternative" community, and how best to promote Christianity in the twenty-first century. One of the town's most significant myths is that St Joseph of Arimathea (the man who provided a tomb for Jesus) brought Christianity to Glastonbury, and planted there the Holy Thorn that blossoms both in spring and in winter. Each December since 1929 a calendar custom has taken place in Glastonbury commemorating and celebrating this legend--the Holy Thorn Ceremony. By the 1990s, when I first started to study it, there were three main elements to this custom: * The cutting of sprigs from the Holy Thorn outside the Anglican church of St John the Baptist in Glastonbury in the presence of the vicar of St John's and other clergy, the Mayor, members of the town council, children from the Church of England St John's Infants School, and some of their parents and other relations. The Thorn is cut by the eldest child at St John's School. * The (re)telling of the legend--also contained in "The Holy Thorn" song [1] sung by the children--that St Joseph of Arimathea came to Glastonbury, bringing with him the Holy Thorn. * After the ceremony, the sending of sprays of the Christmas flowering thorn to the Queen. (It is widely believed that the Queen has the thorn on her breakfast table on Christmas Day.) This is very much a "Gastonia" custom, which attracts few outsiders. Local press and television are always in attendance, and photographs of the Thorn cutter, the vicar and the Mayor beside the Thorn tend to appear each year in local papers. In this article, I shall expand upon the rather bald account already given to explore the topic under three broad headings: the story of the Holy Thorn, the ceremony based upon it, and the significance of the custom. …


The filter is developed by placing the filter media in between the inner surface and the outer surface of the stainless steel fabrication. Then the study on the compressed coming out of the filter is tested and analysis is made by two methods. In experimental method, the analysis done for the output compressed air which is passed through the 5HP compressor and the pressure gauge which is placed on either side of the filter. The survey is also conducted to check the life span of the filter. In analytical method the results are obtained for the ANYSYS ICEPAK and ANSYS space claim software. Then the results of both methods are compared and the results are concluded


Digital Bangladesh is one of the most challenging decisions made by the government to transform the country to be a middle-income country by 2021. That's why the government implemented a large number of projects relating to digital technology. Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) project is one of them. In the recent past, the country faced an enormous electricity shortage with a great energy gap between peak demand and maximum energy generation. In Bangladesh, the present government promised to ensure the electricity to all the citizens by 2021. That's why the world's most lucrative Nuclear advanced technology is going on under Power Sector Master Plan (PSMP)-2016 (Vision 2041). In order to improve the security system of nuclear power, the bilateral project is not fully transparent for the public, which is understandable. That makes some political conflict with the anti-nuclear agenda. As a result, the general concerns are also involving in this project. Safety and Security systems by the world's most advanced Water-Water Energy Reactor (VVER-1200) is in full discussion by this paper in order to get rid of local concerns. Countries Power Profile is completely described and focuses on the current National Planning to overcome the power shortage through the use of Nuclear Power. This paper mainly discusses the feasibility of RNPP in Bangladesh and how it will play a major role in the national energy sector in future to become the "DREAM COME TRUE" project for Bangladesh.


The work presented here has developed along two lines: analysis and synthesis of triacylglycerols. A new application is reported in the use of the infrared detector in HPLC for the detection and preparative and quantitative separation of triacylglycerols of seed fats and oils, acylglycerols from lipolysis mixtures and synthetic acylglycerols. The composition of the total triacylglycerol of some of these fats and oils, and the distribution of fatty acids in the sn-2 position m them are determined for the first time The n-hydrocarbon composition of most of these fats and oils is also determined for the first time.

Three new routes, namely, the tosylate, the silyl ether and the phosphate route, have been explored, in the tosylate route best conditions are found for the preparation of glycerol-1,3-ditosylate and its subsequent conversion into 1,3-diacylgiycerols by nucleophilic substitution. From the 1,3-diacylglycerols, five symmetrical diacid tnacylglycerois have been prepared by reaction with an appropriate acid chloride. By the silyl ether route symmetrical diacylglycerols have been prepared from the 1,3-disilyl derivative of 1,3-dihydroxv acetone. In this regard, it is noted that selective silylation of glycerol does not take place, and the 1,3-disilyl derivative of glycerol (prepared indirectly) does not undergo nucleophilic substitution. However, this route does hot offer any advantage over existing routes. In connection with the phosphate route, preliminary experiments have shown that the diphenyl phosphate group can be substituted easily and under mild conditions by a carboxylate anion in a primary alkyl phosphate derivative in both non-polar and polar protic and aprotic solvents. The product from the reaction of diphenyl phosphoryl chloride and glycerol contained only a small amount of the desired 1,3-diphosphate derivative which has been converted into the 1,3-diacylglycerols by nucleophilic substitution


Low doses of fenvalerate, a widely used type‐II pyrethroid insecticide, have been shown previously to produce abnormal olfactory centers in the brain and abnormal olfactory‐mediated behavior in beetles (Wegerhoff et al. [ 1998 ] Neuroreport 9:3241–3245). Here, we use the experimental advantages of the moth Manduca sexta to explore the cellular changes that lead to these abnormalities. Our results indicate that treatment with fenvalerate may affect multiple aspects of the development of the primary olfactory centers, the antennal lobes, in Manduca, including ingrowth of olfactory receptor axons, axon fasciculation, and targeting within the antennal lobe, and intercellular signaling between the receptor axons and the glial cells that ordinarily surround and stabilize the developing olfactory glomeruli. J. Comp. Neurol. 430:533–541, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Science is communication—every paper strives to stimulate the research of others in the field. A paper that is not read and considered by others has no value. Indeed, the citations that we use to rate publications and journals alike reflect this very fact. Social media are now also involved in spreading the news of articles, and they are particularly suited to provide a platform for discussion. However, the length in these media comments does not allow an in-depth discussion of any single topic. To address this issue, the European Heart Journal has introduced a new feature: The 'Discussion Forum'. While e-Letters, a well-established feature of the journal, already offers the opportunity to comment on articles and issues, they are not sufficiently visible for important and in-depth discussions. Therefore, commentaries that are considered of general interest to our readers' at large will from now on, be included in the printed issue of the new section 'Discussion Forum'. This will provide authors who are able and willing the opportunity to respond to the questions, issues, and critique raised by readers of the journal. It is the hope of the editors that this new feature will be of interest to our readers and eventually will stimulate future research in our areas of interest. In this issue of the EHJ, the first-ever Discussion Forum opens with replies by:


Social protection and economic inclusion in agriculture A key step towards rural poverty reduction is ensuring that family farmers who live in poverty are given access to adequate social protection. Social Protection allow rural communities to achieve food security, manage the risks found in agricultural activities and invest in productive activities. In this way, social protection facilitates economic inclusion, particularly that of the extreme poor and vulnerable. Guided by the FAO Social Protection Framework, launched in 2015, countries are provided with evidencebased policy support to the scale-up of inclusive social protection systems that help the rural poor invest in their future and cope with risks and shocks caused by climate change and crises. One example includes FAO's support to the national social protection programme in Senegal where synergies between with productive interventions at scale were created to sustain the economic gains for social assistance. Generating jobs for youth to change the future of migration


As found by calorimetry, β-cyclodextrin can recognise nucleic acid bases and their derivatives in aqueous solutions by forming inclusion complexes with only purine bases (adenine and caffeine).


The review of the encyclopedic dictionary M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin and his contemporaries focuses on the relevance, the essential uniqueness and practical applicability of the publication. The dictionary, dedicated to the contemporaries of Saltykov-Shchedrin, is a philological event of great consequence. Any research of the writer's oeuvre in the social, historical, political, and, by all means, literary contexts makes it possible to consider the author's biography, his creative intentions and the particulars of their actualization in a consistent manner. This is particularly relevant for Saltykov, whose life and works are permeated with the pathos of acute actuality. Each encyclopedia entry in the dictionary serves both as a piece of information about a new character and the integration of the biographical and literary particulars shedding light on various stages of Saltykov's creative work, on the ways and means facilitating the formation of his political stance, his literary views and his creative mind in general. Historical, literary, cultural, social, political contexts of Saltykov-Shchedrin's biography and oeuvre are expanded by means of the names, one way of another mentioned in the satirical confessions of the writer or in his epistolary legacy. The projection on the writer-satirist helps to shape a new image of those who seemed to be just the backdrop, against which significant events took place. It is emphasized that the book is addressed to both a professional literary scientist, and to an average reader. The authors of the articles introduce new information concerning Saltykov's biography, his literary ties, his view of the public life, culture and art of Russia and foreign countries into scientific circulation. A number of articles start featuring historic, literary and textual elaborations. Dictionary entries are based on under-published and archived materials. For the first time the corpus The chronicles of the life and oeuvre of M. E. Saltykov is given. A significant part of the dictionary work has been done by the scientists of Saratov National Research State University I. V. Kabanova and I. A. Knigin.


Abstract : This research is a numerical investigation into the dynamical influences of planets on the dust disks surrounding young main sequence stars. Motivating this research effort are the observations of the Beta Pictoris circumstellar disk made by the UF Department of Astronomy's mid-IR team. These IR images show with unprecedented clarity the features and asymmetries of the inner < 100 AU, portion of the Beta Pictoris disk; the most interesting of which is the dramatic warping of the disk's mid-plane. Analyses of prior observations have suggested that the features are attributed to the presence of a planet or a planetary system. Past dynamic analysis has focused primarily on the presence of a single planet and the resulting perturbations on the dust disk through hydrodynamic or N-body analysis. This research will show that the type of features observed in these images, specifically the warping of the disk, can also be explained with a system of two (or more) planets and secular perturbation theory while using more plausible assumptions than did other models.


The concentrations of lead,cadmium,zinc and copper in roadside soils along Shanghai-Nanjing highway(Changzhou section)were investigated with atomic absorption spectrophotometry(AAS).The samples were taken from the surface soil(0-20 cm) at different distances from the highway.Lead concentrations in the soil samples 150 m from the highway varied from 16.88 mg/kg to 32.05 mg/kg.Compared to the background,the soils were contaminated considerably by lead from the highway traffic.It can be concluded that Pb pollution in roadside soils is one of the major environmental problems affecting the soil safety.


This study explores the relationship between human language and changes in language use during adolescence. After reviewing current theories for the origin and evolution of language, the article tests the hypothesis that sexual selection played a vital role in the development of language by examining sexual dimorphism in language in a sample of adolescents of known age and sex. The analyses relied on computer-mediated communication and data from online journals, which provide an insight into changes in language use as a function of age and individual development in male and female adolescents. The study detected a significant amount of sexual dimorphism in written language in adolescence, although no significant change as a function of increasing age was observed; in other words, a significant fraction of sexual dimorphism in language was already present before the onset of adolescence. Our results did not support the hypothesis recently proposed by Bogin and Locke that the evolution of an extended human adolescence resulted from its possible crucial role in the development of sexual dimorphism in language. The results also indicate that computer-mediated communication is a useful tool in aiding our understanding of language evolution. Copyright Internet Scientific Publications, LLC., 1996 to 2009.


– The purpose of this paper is to trace and understand informal knowledge sharing networks for various competencies in project teams. This will help establish a baseline and thereby enable further knowledge management interventions to be outlined., – Two project teams were identified for this study. While one of the teams had a semi‐structured knowledge management system already in place, the other had not adopted any knowledge management practices. The knowledge network analysis was rolled out for both the teams for the competencies that they were working on. This was more of an exploratory study. The results are compared across both the teams and inferences are made on the knowledge networks for the teams., – The various measures involved in social network analysis can help from a knowledge management perspective to: identify experts; provide indicators to the extent of knowledge sharing for various competencies; and baseline current knowledge management practices in a team., – This methodology would not be very feasible for large teams with more than 500 people., – This is a very useful diagnostic tool for managers to know more about the knowledge sharing dynamics in their teams. This may help them design interventions to build the capabilities of key team members along specific knowledge areas., – The paper provides indicators on the capability of the teams and their knowledge repositories based on the interactions between them.


The present invention relates firstly to HF/fluoride-free etching and doping media which are suitable both for the etching of silicon dioxide layers and also for the doping of underlying silicon layers. The present invention also relates secondly to a process in which these media are employed.


Sulphur vapour was investigated by Raman spectroscopy using six laser excitation wavelengths located in the electronic absorption band of the S3 molecule (406.7–514.5 nm). With excitation wavelengths close to the S3 λmax (395 nm) the spectra are mainly resonance enhanced. With the excitation located in the S3 electronic absorption band edge the observed resonance Raman spectra are mainly due to the vibrationally excited molecules. Most Raman lines involve transitions between overtone or combination levels of the symmetric stretching (ν1) and symmetric bending (ν2) modes. The comparison of spectra of samples with various 34S contents recorded with various excitation wavelengths enable us to determine the ω10 and ω20 harmonic wavenumbers and the anharmonicity constants xx and x, for 32S3 and 34S3. New assignments are proposed for all Raman lines observed. A valence force field treatment with the calculated geometry rss = 1.988 A and α = 117° yields force constants ƒr = 3.91 mdyn A−1 and ƒrr = 0.36 mdyn A−1. These force constants are compared with those of the parent X2 or X3 molecules (X = O, S, Se or Te).


The method of determination of Redox potentials of radicals, using the pulse radiolysis technique, is outlined. The method is based on the determination of equilibria constants of electron transfer reactions between the radicals and appropriate acceptors. The limitations of this technique are discussed. The redox potentials of several quinones--semi-quinones are calculated, as well as the standard redox potential of the peroxy radical. E/sup 0//sub O/sub 2//O/sub 2//sup -/ = -0.33 V and the redox oxidation properties of the peroxy radical in various systems and pH are discussed. The value determined for the redox potentials of O/sub 2//O/sub 2//sup -/ is higher by more than 0.2 volts than earlier estimates, which has important implications on the possible role of O/sub 2//sup -/ in biological processes of O/sub 2/ fixation.


The results of theoretical and experimental studies aimed at identifying hidden defects in the structure of hard alloys and superhard composites used in the manufacture of cutting tools in order to control and predict gradual and sudden failures of cutting inserts.Damage control of cutting inserts is carried out by microscopic analysis. Deeper damage to the structure can be detected using the method of chemographic imaging. The proposed method is based on obtaining photographs of the oxidative reactions of materials of ultra-low concentrations occurring on the surface of solids under thermobaric loading.Before the moment of a sharp release of the energy of destruction, chemical processes of ultra-low concentrations are activated. Chemography allows to fix the zones where the incipient microcracks and microdefects are ready to actively develop, which can lead to the onset of macrodamage and failure to work.The chemographic image of the plate obtained as a result of the study is compared with the reference sample, as a result of which it is possible to assess the initial defect state of the material and predict the further period of the plate's operation.The criterion for the existing defects and imperfections in the structure is the change in the blackness index of the chemographic image, the minimum value of which indicates a minimum of structural defects and internal defects in the material under study.The results allow to propose a new method for controlling the surface of cutting plates, which can be easily implemented in any machine shop, which makes its application very promising


Eighteen export grades (Agmark) of Indian cardamom have been studied for their chemical and physical qualities. The grades with heavier and bigger capsules (AGEB and CGEB) were inferior in their flavour constituents to the medium grade (AGS). Chemical bleaching of the capsules decreased the amount of flavour components, especially essential oil, in the capsules.


The drying behavior of leather was described using a mathematical model for convective drying process mostly used in the leather industries. The computed transient leather temperature agrees with the theoretical and experimental values. Temperature and moisture variations are computed using the numerical finite-difference method.The model was used to examine the effects of the following parameters, temperature and humidity in the dryer, initial moisture content of the sample, and heat and mass transfer coefficients. The model can be used to predict the variation of these parameters with reasonable accuracy.


In what error correction during the speaking activities in a foreign language is concerned the opinions are divergent. While some specialists claim that the best way is to discuss them separately with the students, others argue saying that all the errors should be corrected on the spot. In this paper we will try to approach this issue by presenting the most important opinions on the matter in contrast with the actual situation – what it really happens in the classroom. After the administration of a set of questionnaires to both teachers and students of Romanian as foreign language we try to discover how errors in spoken language during the teaching and assessing activities are corrected. Finally, we will establish which are the most common, and liked methods of error correction, but also which of those are giving best results in the teaching process. © 2016 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.uk


Aims. We aim to study the dynamical evolution of transequatorial loops (TELs) using imaging techniques and spectroscopy.
Methods. We used the images recorded by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory together with spectroscopic observations taken from the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on board Hinode.
Results. The data from the AIA 193 Å channel show that TELs are formed between AR 12230 and a newly emerging AR 12234, evolving between 10 and 14 December 2014. The xt-plots for 12 December 2014, obtained using AIA 193 Å data, reveal signatures of inflow and outflow towards an X-region. High-cadence AIA images also show recurrent intensity enhancements in close proximity to the X-region (P2), which is observed to have higher intensities for spectral lines that are formed at log T[K] = 6.20 and voids at other higher temperatures. The electron densities and temperatures in the X-region (and P2) are maintained steadily at log Ne= 8.5–8.7 cm−3 and log T[K] = 6.20, respectively. Doppler velocities in the X-region show predominant redshifts by about 5–8 km s−1 when they are closer to the disk center but blueshifts (along with some zero-velocity pixels) when away from the center. The full-width-half-maximum maps reveal non-thermal velocities of about 27–30 km s−1 for Fe XII, Fe XIII, and Fe XV lines. However, the brightest pixels have nonthermal velocities ∼62 km s−1 for Fe XII and Fe XIII lines. On the contrary, the dark X-region for Fe XV line have the highest non-thermal velocity (∼115 km s−1).
Conclusions. We conclude that the TELs are formed due to magnetic reconnection. We further note that the TELs themselves undergo magnetic reconnection, which leads to the re-formation of loops among individual ARs. Moreover, this study, for the first time, provides measurements of plasma parameters in X-regions, thereby providing essential constraints for theoretical studies.


contrast, more objective measures, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and haematocrit score, were, as one would predict, higher in Crohn's patients. It is important to note that one half of all Crohn's patients in this study appeared to be 'active' so one must be cautious in interpreting the application of their findings to Crohn's patients in true remission. So where does this leave us? First and foremost, CDAI was never designed as a diagnostic tool for Crohn's disease; to suggest otherwise is to erect a straw man. Its value lies in assessing the patient's symptomatic response to treatment (we are, after all, treating patients, not blood tests or radiological images alone), but seems incapable, when expressed as a total score, of differentiating IBS from IBD; again no surprise. We contend that 'IBStype symptoms' in IBD should be regarded as representing IBD activity until proven otherwise. 6 In most instances, the differentiation is obvious; when uncertainty persists, sensitive biomarkers such as faecal calprotectin may be helpful.


When we view a scene through a window or a windshield, usually the image consist of two linear superposition of images, a real image of the scene beyond the window observed through a glass and a virtual image of the scene reflected by the window on it. Decomposing the single input image from reflection is a massively ill-posed problem: in the absence of additional knowledge about the scene being viewed it may cause error in image processing for image analysis. In this paper we describe an algorithm that uses Basis Vectors obtained from ICA method to perform the decomposition, and then using coefficient of basis vectors and preserving the massive coefficients, perform the reconstructing real image. To obtain reflected image we search in image bank and find exactly first original image among the data base. By considering original real image as the second observation, we extract reflected image from the mixed image.


Phase-sensitive second harmonic microscopy (PS-SHGM) opens up the possibility of imaging the bipolar state of Markov-type organic supramolecular crystals. During the cocrystallization of dipolar guest and nonpolar host compounds, channel-type inclusion compounds form crystals composed of adjacent macrodomains featuring opposite polarities. Through a comparison with crystals of known absolute polarity, the application of PS-SHGM allows a fast noncontact mapping of the domain structure and a determination of the absolute polarity of thin organic and other nonlinear opical crystals.


In recent years, statistical machine translation has gained much attention. The phrase‐based statistical machine translation model has made significant advancement in translation quality over the word‐based model. In this paper, we attempt to apply the technique of proportional analogy to statistical machine translation systems. We propose a novel approach to apply proportional analogy to generate translations of unseen n‐grams from the phrase table for phrase‐based statistical machine translation. Experiments are conducted with two datasets of different sizes. We also investigate two methods to integrate n‐grams translations produced by proportional analogy into the state‐of‐the‐art statistical machine translation system, Moses.1 The experimental results show that unseen n‐grams translations generated using the technique of proportional analogy are rewarding for statistical machine translation systems with small datasets. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


An electron impact process leading to the dissociation of molecular nitrogen through the intermediate formation of a temporary negative ion is described. The process is observed by detection of a narrow band of slow electrons ejected from N-(3P). The cross section for dissociation has a vertical onset just above the dissociation limit of N2 and reaches a peak value of 2.5*10-18 cm2+or-50%.


The present invention relates to a content reproducing apparatus and an information reproducing method performs reproduction of the recording medium 2 at the same time, to switch the sound for a short period. Division part (4A) and a division part (4B) each of which, by dividing the master clock inputted from the oscillating unit 3, a ratio of the predetermined frequency divider to generate a clock. Hard disk (5A), the minute based on the clock supplied from the periphery (4A) reproducing the AV data, the optical disk (5B) based on the clock supplied from the division part (4B), and reproduces the AV data. If a voice by the user's instruction, the output to the speaker 30, a switch, selecting the clock section 6, D / A converter clock to be supplied to the 17 minute clock or supplied from the periphery (4A) minutes, switch to the clock supplied from the periphery (4B) and, D / a converter 17 in synchronization with the supplied clock, and, processing to switch the voice output. The present invention is applicable to disk recording and reproducing apparatus.


The number of vehicles stolen is increasing annually. The alarm system for vehicles is commonly used to expose the burglars publicly to make a scene. If the vehicle owner is far away, it will be hard to distinguish the threat to the vehicle from the intruder. To deter such crime, there should be a safer protection mechanism for vehicles around the globe. Moreover, overcrowd parking lot problems have always been an issue. Nevertheless, it became even worse with the progressing urbanization and population expansion. Anyone may have experienced that moment of panic when you realize you have no idea where you parked your vehicle. Note that, the keyless remote control of vehicles has a short-range radio transmitter. It usually can reach up 5–20 meters. Therefore, this paper develops a proposed system that is used for detecting vehicle location using Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). It is basically capable to switch ON and OFF vehicle alarm system to detect the location of the vehicle in a crowded area. PIC microcontroller that has been embedded in the system programmed using C language. The intelligent proposed system also designs to enhance the security feature for the transportation era. The proposed system offers better service and cost-effective for the vehicle owners.


Cancer is a common disease that poses a serious threat to human health. Angiogenesis is
essential for the growth and metabolism of tumors, providing oxygen and nutrition for the growth of
cells and tissues. However, angiogenesis of tumors depends on the stimulation of growth factors.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGFR) is the most unique factor. Therefore, VEGF/VEGFR
targeting anticancer drugs are playing an increasingly significant role in clinical trials. In addition, it
has been proved that chalcone, the precursor of natural flavonoids, has potential anti-tumor activity,
especially anti-angiogenesis activity. This review summarizes the reports about the anti-angiogenesis
of chalcone derivatives. Based on the chalcone skeleton, it is divided into substituted chalcones and
modified chalcones. The anti-angiogenesis activities of natural or synthetic chalcones, benzene ring
modified or connecting bridge modified chalcones are described in this review.


Previous and current sociology scholars have come up with several theories to answer the question "why do men use violence?". Up to this day, it is believed that current sociological literatures are divided into three perspectives: family violence perspective, feminist perspective and integrative perspective. This paper upholds an integrated theory of resource theory, feminist perspective and socio-demographic perspective. In this paper, we situated the theory in Chinese society and selected five cases based on Oral Accounts of Battered Women in China to test the validity of the theory. The findings confirm the theory and further suggest that the domestic violence should be regarded as a problem from a societal level. In other words, tackling the problem individually would not be adequate and efficient. Keywords: Domestic violence, feminist perspective, family violence perspective, integrative perspective, case study


Gujarat is regarded as one of the world's economic centers, and as such, all of its sectors should be promoted. Energy is one of the sectors that is regarded as the foundation for the overall development. Since two to three decades ago, the amount of coal consumed to produce adequate electricity has increased proportionately, leading to an increase in carbon emissions (CO2). Gujarat is one of the states with excess energy supply and benefits from a 1600-kilometer coastline. Gujarat has one of the highest per capita energy consumption rates among many Asian countries and states. Because of the volume of carbon emissions, there has been an increase in the demand for modern technology and development. The Gujarat government has implemented a wide range of programmes and policies to address the issue of renewable resources and the associated environmental risk. Here, the researcher had examined a number of programmes and strategies for the use of renewable energy sources by the state. The researcher has also examined how various programmes and policies have affected environmental risk and how those programmes and policies relate to Indian government environmental policy. The inexperienced passageway project of the Indian government and the numerous concerns for climate change are also highlighted in this paper. The major goal of this research is to see if Gujarat Government can reduce carbon emissions and increase use of renewable resources. Here, the researcher has analyzed data for the years 2010 to 2020 using secondary data and tabulation techniques.


Censorship antics of US and Egyptian authorities fuel Twitter battle, comedy routines for Jon Stewart of the US and Bassem Youssef in Egypt


«Costs» and «affordability» need to be considered together with «price» and «subsidy». Underlying this is the premise that issues of developing communities cannot be addressed in isolatian from developed communities, while at the same time recognising that this must take place within the limitations of the country's resources. With respect to the costs of water supply and sanitation, the cost of a high level of service (house connection and full water-borne sanitation) is approximately four times the cost of a low level of service (stand-pipe and VIP). These costs are often not fully reflected in the prices charged to domestic consumers. Considering the higher levels of service, new domestic consumers in Johannnesburg municipality are being charged only about 75% of the average current replacement cost of their services while black local authorities have been drastically undercharging for services. In Soweto consumers are charged less than 25% of the cost (for all services, including water supply and sanitation). With regard to affordability, some 40% of urban black multiple households are unable to pay for services at the current low tariffs. At least 55% would be unable to pay the actual costs of the services (based on figures for Soweto). Substantially fewer households appear willing to pay for these services at the current low tariffs (again based on figures for Soweto in the context of the rent boycott). The revenue that may realistically be expected to be recovered from these households in the future lies somewhere between what they are able to pay and what they are presently willing to pay. The difference between what is recovered and the actual costs will have to be made up by some form of subsidy. The size of these subsidies is substantial in comparison with the funds available to central government. In the light of this, choices with regard to services, particularly with regard to level of service, should not be considered in isolation from other competing demands for funds


This article presents the result of a diagnosis made through a checklist based on the ISO 14001: 2015 normative items in a company that operates in the electronics industry. This study sought to identify the level of environmental sustainability recommended by ISO 14001, the change in behavior with the implementation of selective collection in the company and the elaboration of environmental control procedures, idealizing economic growth in a sustainable manner, preserving the environment and ensuring the environment. future of future generations. The conclusions are that the evaluated company needs to comply with 65% of the mandatory items of NBR ISO 14001: 2015, which evidenced the need for an environmental education program to assist in the implementation of the environmental management system in the evaluated industry.


flame image is a kind of non-structural,studies have shown that carbon content of the different will affect fire features,for different periods of flame image features can predict steelmaking in what stage,the push back the time,carbon content is less,the flame is soft,conversely,the more hard.This article mainly introduce flame image feature is extracted by the Angle of point,texture,edge,wavelet multi-scale transform and other aspects,determine the stage of steelmaking,provide partial solution to 'look artificial fire.


In this article, a general family of lifetime distributions is considered under progressive type II right censoring. The classical point estimation and testing procedures are developed for reliability function and stress-strength reliability. The uniformly minimum variance unbiased, maximum likelihood and invariantly optimal estimators are considered. Testing procedures are developed for the hypotheses related to scale parameter, reliability and stress-strength reliability functions. A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed for comparison of various estimators developed. Finally, the use of proposed estimators is shown in an illustrative example.


The correlations between cherry yield and morphological characters of trees were calculated for 16 samples of Puerto Rican and Columnaris varieties of Coffea arabica L. In the Puerto Rican variety, yield was positively and significantly correlated with circumference of main stem at ground level in all the 11 samples. Yield was also positively and significantly correlated with width of canopy, length of primary lateral branches, and number of nodes per primary lateral branch, in more than half the samples. In the Columnaris variety, cherry yield had a positive and significant correlation with the circumference of the main stem at ground level in all the five samples. Yield also had positive and significant correlation with height of tree, width of canopy, and number of secondary lateral branches per primary lateral branch, in more than half the samples. Circumference of stem at ground level and width of canopy were the main tree characters correlated with yield in both varieties.


Non-coaxiality has been recognized as an important feature of grain materials in geotechnical engineering. Without considering the non-coaxiality in structure design will lead to an unsafe result. Studies on the non-coaxial soil behaviour have been carried out both using numerical simulation and experimental testing by several researchers. To discuss the non-coaxiality of sand, it is essential to carry out tests under various stress paths. HCA is a valuable device to investigate the soil behaviour under various stress paths. In this paper, a review of the experimental work on non-coaxial soil behaviour especially using HCA is presented to help the understanding of both non-coaxiality and the use of HCA.


An automobile steering wheel having an electrical heating device consists of a steering wheel, a heating wire wound on a steering wheel rim, heat conduction insulating materials which are used to seal and fix the heating wire and are plastic-compressed on the heating wire and the steering wheel rim, a power source switch and a vehicle-borne power source. Two sliding contacts arranged on the centre of the bottom of the steering wheel can keep sliding touching contact with two fixed contacts fixed on a boss that encircles a steering bar with the rotation of the steering wheel. One of the two leads of the electrical heating device is directly connected with one of the sliding contacts while the other lead is connected with the other sliding contact via a heating efficiency switch and the power source switch. The two fixed contacts are connected with the vehicle-borne power source via a conductor. The utility model not only realizes heating of the steering wheel in winter, but also can guarantee reliable touching contact of the contacts in any situation.


Luminescence sensors are based on the determination of emitted intensity or decay time when a luminophore is in contact with its environment. Changes of the environment, like temperature or analyte concentration cause a change in the intensity and decay rate of the emission. Typically, since the absolute values of the measured quantities depend on the specific sensing element and scheme used, a sensor needs an analytical model to describe the dependence of the quantity to be determined, for example the oxygen concentration, from sensed quantity, for example the decay time. Additionally, since the details of this dependence are device specific, a sensor needs to be calibrated at known reference conditions. This work explores an entirely new artificial intelligence approach and demonstrates the feasibility of oxygen sensing through machine learning. The new developed neural network is used for optical oxygen sensing based on luminescence quenching. After training the neural network on synthetic data, it was tested on measured data to verify the prediction of the model. The results show a mean deviation of the predicted from the measured concentration of 0.5 % air, which is comparable to many commercial and low-cost sensors. The accuracy of the model predictions is limited by the ability of the generated data to describe the measured data, opening up future possibilities for significant improvement by performing the training on experimental data. In this work the approach is tested at different temperatures, showing its applicability in the entire range relevant for biological applications. This work demonstrates the applicability of this new approach based on machine learning for the development of a new generation of optical luminescence oxygen sensors without the need of an analytical model of the sensing element and sensing scheme.


This report reviews literature that presents variables impacting construction labor productivity. It also summarizes the expert opinion regarding the order of magnitude of losses of productivity that could occur. The report defines productivity as labor hours required per each unit of work.


At the national level, financial regulation based on prohibitions, the so-called structural rules, was accused of producing significant distortion. The degree of competition it was limited, encouraging inefficiencies of all types; the culture of risk it was weakened; wide discretionary powers were used by national authorities to distort market mechanisms and public ownership distorted competition and fostered cronyism. A new common regulative culture is therefore emerged, based on internal free competition within the banking sector and the financial system as a whole. It requires the elimination of strict limits to banking, the abandonment of the principle of specialization between commercial banking and financial asset bank, the affirmation of private property, the liability of the banks in a stronger market discipline, even with regard to their corporate governance. The Basel rules distorts no less serious than those attributed to the previous structural rules. Excessive competition is no less harmful than a low degree of competition, setting the "level playing field" helps large dimension and practicas "too big to fail", the Ocapital crunchesO produce serious effects on the economy, while the regulatory costs absorb important share resources of smaller banks. It is a matter of further research whether the new approach to regulation has also favored an increase in the share of national income absorbed by the financial system without having produced a better distribution of risk and a proportional increase in what James Tobin (1984) has defined efficiency of full insurance.


Ferritic stainless steels have a good heat resistance and economic advantage. They are used for applications such as automotive exhaust systems where resistance to general corrosion is superior to carbon steels. However, there are not enough research for ferritic stainless steels on weldability mainly used as automotive exhaust manifolds. In this study, mechanical and microstructure properties of as-welded STS 429L and STS 444 ferrite stainless steels were confirmed by tensile, bending, hardness test, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Tensile strength of the STS 444 is higher than the STS 429L when it is a raw material. In contrast to this fact, STS 429L indicated higher tensile strength after butt welded. In addition, the hardness have a increasing tendency as getting down on the bead.


Dear Editor, Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, noncaseating granulomatous disorder, involving various organs. Cutaneous lesions are present in approximately 10– 30% of patients with sarcoidosis.1 Cutaneous lesions of sarcoidosis are generally treated with intralesional steroid injections or topical corticosteroids. Systemic corticosteroids are rarely used for large or disfiguring lesions. However, treatment is sometimes difficult because of variable responses to these therapies.2 An excimer laser irradiates a lesion with a 308nm monochromatic light, and can induce targeted immunosuppression or apoptosis.3 We report a sarcoidosis patient with a cutaneous lesion, which was successfully treated with excimer laser therapy. A 55yearold Japanese woman presented to our hospital for the evaluation of scarlike nodules, which had persisted for 1 month (Figure 1a,d). The nodules developed corresponding to scars on her face, hands, and knees, that developed after a traffic accident 30 years previously. She has taken letrozole for 2 years after surgery and received chemotherapy of breast cancer. She had no relevant family history. A histological examination of a nodule on her right hand revealed noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas, consisting of histiocytes in the dermis (Figure 1b,c). Blood parameters were within the normal limits, including the angiotensinconverting enzyme level. Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL) was observed on chest computed tomography. No other abnormalities were detected. The patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis based on the diagnostic criteria of the Japan Society of Sarcoidosis and other Granulomatous Disorders. The cutaneous lesion was considered scar sarcoid. The skin lesion was initially treated with topical steroids, without any systemic treatment; however, it showed no remarkable change 3 months later. Irradiation using an excimer laser (XTRAC® velocity7; STRATA Skin Sciences) was therefore performed (100 mJ/ cm2, 1 time/month) in addition to topical steroid treatment after receiving approval from the clinical ethics committee of University of Toyama. At 4 months after irradiation, the skin lesions gradually flattened (Figure 1e), and only pigmentation without any induration remained at 12 months (Figure 1f), although BHL still remained. No sideeffects were detected during excimer laser therapy, and no relapse has been seen in 10 months. In this patient, excimer laser treatment of a cutaneous lesion of sarcoidosis led to a good response. Psoralen plus ultraviolet (UV)A (PUVA) therapy was proposed as a promising alternative for a case with disseminated skin lesions or refractory lesions.4 Furthermore, the efficacy of narrowband UVB (NBUVB) therapy for pretibial involvement of cutaneous sarcoidosis was also reported.5 The XTRAC


The process of identifying asbestos-containing materials (ACM) within a facility is the first step in controlling building occupant exposure to asbestos fibers. Information generated during the building survey can be assembled into a usable format that allows an asbestos program manager to control disruption of ACM. This process of interim control of exposure to asbestos in buildings is the Operations and Maintenance Plan.


Physlcal Agents ln Rehabllltatlon From Research to Practice: E-Book , Physlcal Agents ln Rehabllltatlon From Research to Practice: E-Book , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز


The formation of paraelectric induction and echo is shown to be associated with the inhomogeneously broadened resonant line and excited pulse parameters. The exact times of coherent responses are calculated. The effects of the induction-decay and echo retardation are predicted. To determine the form of the echo a numerical integration is made. It is shown that the interaction of the electric dipole moment of the paraelectric centers with external oscillating fields creates new signals with other conditions for the excitation wave vector and the generated pulses.

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The author gives a generalization of the deformed oscillator and shows that it satisfies the quantum Weyl-Heisenberg group. The nonlinear transformations from the usual deformed oscillator operators to the deformed k-boson operators form an Abelian group. The generalized Holstein-Primakoff realizations in terms of these multiboson operators are used to define the quantum group-theoretic coherent states of SUq(1,1).


Effect of chemical stress of daily administration of glucocorticoid (dexamethasone @0.125 mg./calf/day) injections on plasma zinc levels, Zn status of body tissues and its distribution in sub cellular fractions, was studied in neonatal buffalo calves. Daily i/m injections of dexamethasone, starting at the completion of 1 week of age and continued till 8th week, led to a significant decline in plasma Zn concentration from 3rd week onwards, which then persisted throughout the rest of the experimental period. In control group, liver had the highest concentration of zinc, followed by heart, muscle, spleen, kidney and testis. In all these tissues, cytosolic fractions had the highest (>60%) zinc levels followed by nuclear, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. In dexamethasone treated calves, there was a significant increase in the Zn uptake by the tissues of liver and muscle. This increase in zinc concentration was observed in all the sub cellular fractions of liver and muscle, however about 80% of this increase was in cytosolic fraction. It was concluded that glucocorticoid-induced stress caused increase in Zn levels of liver/muscles and decrease in blood plasma zinc, thus indicating a redistribution of Zn in body. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2002. Vol 15, No. 7 : 1022-1025)


The genus Phlogacanthus Nees placed under the tribe Andrographideae of the family Acanthaceae (Endlicher, 1839) and was established by Nees von Esenbeck and Christian Gottfried Daniel published in "Plantae Asiaticae Rariories" in 1832. The genus comprised of about 49 species and is confined to south East Asian countries such as Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Myanmar and Vietnam. (Scotland, 1992; Scotland and Vollesen, 2000; Mabberley, 2008; Mc Dade et al., 2008). Clarke (1886) in Hooker's "Flora of British India" described 10 species and P. curviflorus var. brevicalyx C.B. Clarke as variety from Indian subcontinent. In India the genus is mainly reported from the Subtropical Himalayan belts up to 1500 m MSL and distributed in Meghalaya and Assam (Hooker, 1886). Kanjilal et al. (1939) reported 8 species from Assam. During field investigation for taxonomic studies of the genus Phlogacanthus Nees in Assam in 2014-2015 several interesting specimens were collected from Nagaon district of Assam. On perusal of relevant literature (Nees, 1832; Anderson, 1867; Kurz, 1877; Clarke, 1884), critical examination and scrutiny of specimens deposited in ASSAM (BSI, Eastern Regional Circle Shillong), K (Royal Botanic Gardens Kew) and Jstor global plants has resulted in identification of the specimens as P. curviflorus (Wall.) Nees. However, the specimens differ from P. curviflorus in certain characters. Consulting the pertinent literature this specimens were identified as a new variety of P. curviflorus (Wall.) Nees. This paper describes this new variety as P. curviflorus (Wall.) Nees. var. menchanensis Barnali Dutta & S.K. Borthakur. Detailed taxonomic description along with other relevant information is provided herewith for easy recognition of the new taxon.


The forest of Achemeche is the indispensable support of the framework of life and of the natural resources of the rural commune of Ras jerry, it constitutes the back country of the territory which our major objective is to integrate it into the integrated management and sustainable territorial development of the commune. The diversity of its flora is located weakened more and more because of the significant pressures due to human and urban activities, a state of knowledge of its plants and its remarkable wildlife in a prime time will allow us to provide scenarios for their preservation, conservation and valorisation in a sustainable manner.


Market development has the objective among others increase revenue and competitiveness of traditional traders with modern market and increase occupancy rates and the visitors to give effect to the Government and local traders in creating a clean market, healthy, neat and beautiful and fair. The objective of market development program aimed at traditional market traders, general public as the visitors and the as consumers of traditional markets. From the development markets will appear the impact of market development.
This final project aims to determine the impact of what is happening with the development of markets in Surakarta city. Here the writer conducted a study case in the Market Gading. In connection with these objectives, the research conducted through interviews with staff Management Office markets, Chief of the Office of Gading Market and market traders to know the impact that occurred with the development of the market. Literature study was also conducted to gather information from books, documents and other sources.
Based on these studies, it can be concluded that the impact of the construction market in Surakarta city with a study case in the Gading Market have a positive impact, although there are deficiencies that must be corrected after the market development.
Based on these results of the research the writer propose some suggestions that officials in the Gading Market should immediately be added to the job market can be run more effectively. The Department of Market Management for more attention to the state of Gading Market building as a pilot market Management Department better protect and manage the market in order to better the future of traditional markets in particular are not extinct Gading Markets with many modern market.


The World Bank has forecast that the adverse economic impact of the ongoing Covid-19 induced recession in advanced countries and oil-producing countries would lead to a steep decline in worldwide remittances (REM) in 2021 and 2022. It is expected that economic growth in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (CLV), known as transitional economies is expected to be hit hard. This paper explores the nonlinear effect of remittances on economic growth using a panel of three CVL countries for the period 2000-2017. While remittances positively contribute to long-run economic growth, the nonlinear analysis reveals that remittance inflows have an asymmetric effect on per capita GDP. The effect of negative partial sum decomposition is higher than that of the positive partial sum decomposition of remittances. Further, our results show that ICT and remittances are found to be having a mutual growth effect in these transition economies.


Neighbouring cells deteriorates the performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (OFDMA) cellular networks particularly for edge users due to Inter Cell Interference (ICI). In this paper, subcarrier integration with suitable links is proposed for minimizing ICI after Self Organized Resource Allocation (SORA) and Link Grouping Algorithm (LGA) is used to selects the satisfactory links between the terminals i.e. eNodes (eNB) and User Equipments (UEs). In this paper, Subcarrier Grouping Algorithm (SGA) is used to choose the best available resources to the selected links and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to find the best incorporation of Subcarriers — Link from the results of grouping algorithm. The combination of SGA and LGA without consideration of any optimization techniques is referred as Subcarrier-Link Grouping Resource allocation (SLGRA) algorithm. Proposed algorithm is compared with existing methods such as Low Interference Subcarrier Allocation (LISA) and Greedy Subcarrier Allocation (GSA). SLGRA with optimization technique is referred as Subcarrier Link Integration Optimized Resource Allocation (SLIORA). Improvement of proposed method is calculated in terms of percentage for scenarios with different user densities.


This paper addresses the problem of detection and iden- tification of a faulty processing element in a systolic array. A method for designing processing elements with concurrent error detection is presented. The I RAN(,,, code ( 11 is shown to be an effective code for encoding the operands in a systolic array. It is shown that the 1 g3N I,+, code is equivalent to a residue code with the check and information bits interchanged, for odd number of information bits. This allows arithmetic to be performed separately on the information and check bits while the output can be checked by an ANchecker. An architecture and rules for designing a self-checking processing element (PE) for sys- tolic arrays are presented. Both redundancy and extra delay of the self- checking PE are shown to be low. This paper first investigates the effectiveness of differ- ent classes of arithmetic codes for concurrent error detec- tion in systolic arrays by analyzing the implications of these codes on the size of the multiplier circuits. The 1 @NIM code ( 13 is shown to be an effective code for en- coding the operands in a systolic array. Here, (gANIM denotes gAN modulo M. In Section 111, multiplication is defined for the I gAN code. It is shown that the 1 g3N IM code is equivalent to a residue code with the check and information bits interchanged, for an odd number of in- formation bits. When the number of information bits is even, the check bits can easily be obtained from the res- idue of the information bits. Using this interesting prop- erty, an architecture and rules for designing a self-check- ing processing element (PE) for systolic arrays are presented in Section V. A parallel multiplier array design that performs modulo 2k - 1 multiplication is also devel- oped. Pepnnance of the self-checking PE is evaluated based on a gate level design. It is shown that the redun- dancy is very low, especially for larger wordlengths. The delay is due to the checkers only since the circuits per- forming arithmetic on the check bits operate in parallel with the circuits performing arithmetic on the information bits. The single stuck-at fault model is used in the dis- cussion of hardware faults. The self-checking design pre- sented detects both permanent and transient faults. The class of systolic arrays where each PE performs the function ci + = ci + ab is addressed. An example of such a systolic array for matrix multiplication is shown in Fig. 1.


This study was performed to propose the site selection plan for the restoration of the target Reeve's turtle (Maunemys reevesii) habitat and has developed the AHP model to select the optimal site for Reeve's turtle habitat restoration on the basis of the Reeve's turtle Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) items (factors and variables). The assessment areas were established by the Reeve's turtle HSI factors such as breeding space, feed, cover, water, threatening factors and others and the sub-assessment items by each assessment area were established based on the Reeve's turtle HSI variables. The weighting values of the assessment areas and items were calculated by the developed AHP method. The weighting values of the 5 assessment areas were arranged in order as breeding space(0.293), food(0.273), water(0.217), cover(0.113), and threatening factor(0.104). The final weighting values of the 17 assessment items were arranged in order of height as all kind of food(0.222), water 110 박용수.장민호.차진열.조동길.김승희.이성우 depth(0.096), altitude of spawning ground(0.093). The scoring criteria according to the assessment items and factors were marked and applied by equal intervals considering the criteria by HSI items of the Reeve's turtle and finally the scoring criteria diagram as been proposed for the optimal site selection of the Reeve's turtle habitat restoration.


The implantable closed-loop system for epileptic seizure detection and neuromodulation is getting more attention in recent years. The architecture design for seizure signal sensing and analyzing has been proposed, but the implementation of the classifier for unsupervised seizure detection is still strongly desired. The k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classification algorithm is one commonly used classifiers in previous researches, yet it needs the training data from both non-seizure and seizure EEG/ECoG states, which are difficult to be collected. Also, the large size of the training set and the concept of the exhaustive search for nearest neighbors make the classification procedure power-consuming. In this paper, we propose a sub-microwatt KNN classifier which only requires the non-seizure EEG/ECoG for training. The size of the training set memory as well as the leakage power is saved by 50%. The processing dynamic power is further reduced by 93.9% due to the early termination scheme. This work achieves the sensitivity of 98.04% and the false alarm rate of 1.97% with optimized power consumption at sub-microwatt, and is suitable for the implantable devices.