A new mobile routing protocol using Hash function and iterative method is proposed in this paper for solving mobile agent routing security problems. User hosts are able to ensure routing information transporting to the others securely by the unidirectional feature of Hash function, and verify each other by the iteration of Hash function. The analysis shows that the computational complexity of the routing protocol is drastically reduced, especially in the condition of transporting large number of data. The normal and the strand space models are adopted to prove the security of the protocol.


The pathogenesis of parenchymal keratitis is one of the most difficult and interesting problems of ophthalmology in connection with the pathology of syphilis. So, for a number of years, three possibilities of the pathogenesis of parenchymal keratitis have been discussed: 1) parenchymal inflammation of the cornea occurs due to the introduction of a syphilitic virus into the anterior chamber of the eye, 2) parenchymal inflammation of the cornea is the result of a nutritional disorder or a disease of the uvea and, above all, its vessels (Wagemann), or due to a syphilitic disease of the pericorneal vascular wreath (von Milch), 3) the introduction of a syphilitic virus into the cornea causes its specific inflammation.


We study WDC sets, which form a substantial generalization of sets with positive reach and still admit the definition of curvature measures. Main results concern WDC sets $A\subset \mathbb{R}^2$. We prove that, for such $A$, the distance function $d_A= {\rm dist}(\cdot,A)$ is a `DC aura' for $A$, which implies that each locally WDC set in $\mathbb{R}^2$ is a WDC set. An another consequence is that compact WDC subsets of $\mathbb{R}^2$ form a Borel subset of the space of all compact sets.


This study aims to show the importance of the economic value added as one of the most modern to measure the financial performance for firms, then to know the effect of the general prices level and earnings before interest and taxes on EVA in the companies listed in (ASE) (2006-2015), the researcher addresses a random sample consisting of (46) Company, and uses regression model, which connects the dependent and independent variables.The results of the study shows that There is a significant impact for the general prices level and the earnings before interest and taxes on the economic value added, and also shows that 22% of the changes in the economic value added are due to general prices level and earnings before interest and taxes, and 78% of the changes are due to other factors.This study also recommends the need to manage of operating expenses because of the positive impact of operating profit on EVA value, and to take inflation into account when calculating the value of EVA, and also searching for other factors that could affect the value of EVA such as sales volume, cost of capital, and the growth in the total assets of the company's financial leverage, etc…


With the objective of understanding the image that teachers of regular (non-specialized) schools make about deafness and deaf students, as well as the influence of this image in the teaching process, it was performed a series of interviews and observations in the classroom of seven teachers of regular primary school, in which a deaf student is present. The analysis of data was based on the Content Analysis, proposed by Bardin (1977), in which the following thematic categories have been established: intellectual, behavior, learning and language. The analysis of the data indicated that the language difficult of the deaf child leads, in many cases, to the building by the teacher of an incorrect image of the deaf student, which is reflected in the teacher's behavior towards these students. Even though the students are considered to have good learning skills, good behavior and, good potential for learning, all the teachers observed seem to treat the deaf student as having a lot of difficulties to follow the school curriculum.


Management's (board of directors or executive officers) contribution to a firm is difficult to directly observe, although stock return performance can be a source of information. This study extends the work of McIntosh et al (1994) and Friday et al (2006) by analyzing management changes involving Real Estate Investment Trusts from 1996 to 2008. I find that there is a significant relationship between negative performance and a management change from a period three months prior to the change in management. REITs specializing in office properties have the largest negative performance prior to management changes. Negative performance prior to management changes was highest during the tech bubble period.


Recent molecular dynamics simulation methods have enabled thermal conductivity of bulk materials to be estimated. In these simulations, periodic boundary conditions are used to extend the system dimensions to the thermodynamic limit. Such a strategy cannot be used for nanostructures with finite dimensions which are typically much larger than it is possible to simulate directly. To bridge the length scales between the simulated and the actual nanostructures, we perform large-scale molecular dynamics calculations of thermal conductivities at different system dimensions to examine a recently developed conductivity vs dimension scaling theory for both film and wire configurations. We demonstrate that by an appropriate application of the scaling law, reliable interpolations can be used to accurately predict thermal conductivity of films and wires as a function of film thickness or wire radius at realistic length scales from molecular dynamics simulations. We apply this method to predict thermal conductivities for GaN wurtzite nanostructures.


Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential for viral suppression (VS) in HIV-infected patients. However, there is a lack of nationally representative data on types of ART regimens used and their impact on VS. This thesis used self-reported interview and abstracted medical record from 2009 Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) to study ART regimen type and related health outcomes. Results showed that 88.6% of HIV-infected adults in care was prescribed ART, and about half took regimens designated as 'preferred' according to U.S ART guidelines. Among MMP participants prescribed ART, 62.7% achieved durable VS, 77.8% achieved recent VS, 83.5% were 100% dose-adherent, and 17.1% reported side effects. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that although ART was critical for VS, there were minor differences in health outcomes among the major ART classes in the U.S. ART guidelines or six most-commonly used regimens. This study could be potentially useful for future strategic planning of HIV care. INDEX WORDS: CDC, HIV, AIDS, MMP, Antiretroviral, ART, Survey, Viral load, Viral suppression, side effects, CD4 counts, Adherence, Prevalence ratio, PR ANTIRETROVIRAL REGIMENS IN HIV-INFECTED ADULTS RECEIVING MEDICAL CARE IN THE UNITED STATES: MEDICAL MONITORING PROJECT, 2009


Large-scale simulations often use multiple agent representations to permit the study of specific multi-agent phenomena, and to find a balance between run-time performance and level of detail of the simulation. Although these approaches are effective, they do not always offer the desired level of analysis, especially when this level is between the resolutions of the models available. In this paper, we aim at offering a finer resolution in exploring this trade-off by introducing an intermediate level between two given resolutions, which can apply to all agent models and allows a more progressive transition to offer the desired level of analysis. We introduce a framework for such a methodology and evaluate it through the extension of an existing approach, along two criteria: its impact on computational resources, and an estimate of the dissimilarity between a simulation using our methodology and one without. Initial experiments show that consistency is almost maintained while CPU gain varies from low to significant depending on the context.


Information about the International Development Studies specialization of the MA program from the International Political Economy and Development (IPED) department


The U. S. Geological Survey CARETS (Central Atlantic Regional Ecological Test Site)/ERTS investigation is testing the applicability of ERTS data as input to an environmental information system for a multi-state mid-Atlantic region surrounding the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. The information system framework encompasses a flow of information through several stages from sensor to user, and involving evaluation and feedback from several potential users. Basic assumptions of the CARETS project model are that there is a measurable environmental impact associated with land use and land use change as determined with remote sensor data, and that the ERTS derived land use data sets, when properly calibrated, may thus provide regional planners and administrators with a shortcut to an understanding of the environmental changes that are going on in their regions.


Catchments in the Loess Plateau have been under the influence of human activities for centuries. In the last four decades, soil conservation measures have accelerated and intensified. These measures were designed to reduce soil erosion, improve agricultural productivity, and enhance environmental quality. It is important to evaluate the effects of these measures on hydrology in order to develop sustainable catchment management plans in the region. This study evaluated changes in stream flow data for four selected catchments in the Loess Plateau following large‐scale soil conservation measures. The non‐parametric Mann–Kendall test was used to identify trends in annual stream flow and the results showed significant downward trends in three of the four catchments. The Pettitt test indicated that a change point occurred in 1978 in these three catchments. Annual precipitation in all the catchments showed no significant trend during the period of record. Comparison of daily flow duration curves for two 20‐year periods (1957–1978) and (1979–2003) showed significant changes in stream flow regime. Reduction in most percentile flows varied between 20 and 45%, and the reduction in low flows was greatest. Overall, the reductions in daily flow were increasing with time, with significant changes occurring in the 1990s. However, it is not clear whether these catchments have seen the full effects of the soil conservation measures, so the results of this study might underestimate the final impact of soil conservation on stream flow regime. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare disease and local epidemiological data on childhood IIH is limited. Presenting symptoms are often nonspecific and may mimic migraine. We report an adolescent with IIH who did not have classical predisposing risk factors. Annual incidence in Hong Kong is estimated to be 0.78 per 100,000 paediatric admissions to public hospitals. Enhanced awareness and prompt treatment is important as delayed diagnosis is associated with high risk of permanent visual damage. Urgent surgical intervention is necessary for those who do not response to medical treatment.


The direct incremental energy minimization in rate‐independent plasticity does not account for the skew‐symmetric part of the tangent stiffness matrix. In crystal plasticity, this corresponds to neglecting the asymmetry of the matrix of interaction moduli for active slip‐systems. This limitation has been overcome in the recently proposed quasi‐extremal energy principle (QEP) applicable to nonpotential problems. In the present article it is shown how to extend QEP to finite increments in the backward‐Euler computational scheme. A related constitutive algorithm is proposed which enables automatic selection of active slip systems using an energetic criterion, along any path of large deformation of a rate‐independent single crystal with a nonsymmetric slip‐system interaction matrix. Numerical examples have been calculated for a fcc single crystal subjected to simple shear or uniaxial tension. The slip system activity predicted by using the QEP algorithm has been found to be more reliable in describing the actual plastic response of metal crystals than conventional rate‐dependent modeling in cases where the selection of active slip‐systems is essential.


In the two-neutron-transfer reaction of a 200-MeV {sup 18}O beam with a {sup 238}U target, deexcitation {gamma} rays in a neutron-rich nucleus of {sup 240}U were measured. The {gamma} rays in {sup 240}U were identified by taking coincidence with {sup 16}O, using Si {delta}E-E detectors. The kinetic energies of {sup 16}O particles allowed us to select the excitation energies of {sup 240}U below the neutron separation energy. The ground-state band and the K{sup {pi}}=0{sup -} octupole band of {sup 240}U were established up to 12{sup +} and 9{sup -}, respectively. The octupole-band head of {sup 240}U is about a hundred keV higher than those of {sup 236,238}U, suggesting that a secondary maximum of octupole correlations exists at N=144-146 in U isotopes.


Background : Standardization of antifungal susceptibility testing for dermatophytes is important and several variables, such as inoculum size, length and temperature of incubation, media, and end point determination has recently been established. However, a more improved test model which can evaluate bioavailability and has clinical relevance is still needed. Objective : We performed antifungal susceptibility testing by using three-dimensional keratinoctyte culture model, living skin equivalent (LSE), as an in vitro model. Methods : LSE was prepared and various concentrations of antifungals were added to media. Microconidia of Trichophyton mentagrophytes was inoculated onto LSE and incubated for 6 days at . Results : Inhibition of fungal proliferation and invasion were observed at 0.1 of terbinafine, 0.01 of itraconazole solution, 0.1 of itraconazole powder, and 10 of fluconazole, respectively. Conclusions : Our culture model is similar to in vivo situation and the results were relatively well accordant to those of other previous studies. Our LSE model is considered as a promising in vitro system for evaluating the activity and safety of antifungal agents. However, further study using more various species of dermatophytes and more strains is still needed.


Higher education faculty learn how to teach through courses, seminars, or workshops during and after their doctoral program. Perhaps the more prevalent way faculty learn to teach is through observational and self-directed learning. In order to assist with selfdirected teaching improvements we developed the Multidimensional Matrix of Teaching Development (MMTD) focusing on what dimension or component is being targeted for improvement, how to improve, and who can/should be used to assess the improvement. A facilitator or mentor could also use the MMTD in planning and guiding an individual in improving teaching, and, importantly, student learning. After explaining the MMTD we provide an example that illustrates how the matrix was used by one author as a tool to improve a targeted teaching component.


SOME HISTORIANS, however illustrious, have an unfortunate way of becoming trapped inside their narrow specialisms and its timeframes. Joan Thirsk, who died in October 2013, was an outstanding exception.Although she was unquestionably for many years the pre-eminent figure in the writing of English agrarian history of the early modern period and did more than anyone else to establish the credentials and special features of agrarian history as a recognized branch of historical studies, Thirsk did not rigidly confine herself to either that field or period. Chronologically, she moved with ease into both the medieval and modern centuries; urban history sometimes claimed her attention.1 But such was her range that Thirsk's work also embraced subjects as disparate as the rural origins of industry, innovations and their diffusion, food, drink, clothing, inheritance patterns, cross-cultural contacts, and the many-sided (but often badly neglected) roles and activities of women and, indeed, of women historians in the past.2 An essay she wrote on "The History Women" in 1995 was a powerful reminder of women's rightful place in historiography. Elsewhere, she underlined the path-finding and distinctive contribution made by women writers, among them Alice Clark, Ivy Pinchbeck, and Joan Wake, to both economic and local history; she could not resist labelling as "Thirsk's law" the process by which women pioneers were subsequently elbowed out as men took over and monopolized a field. Joan Thirsk's kind of history was always concerned with opening up new or underexplored areas of history, and although not a strident feminist, she invariably made a special point of trying to present "the woman's point of view" and bring into prominence the sort of things that both men in the past and later male historians had bypassed or simply failed to notice as a result of their different vantage points and priorities.Her first articles, which appeared in the early 1950s, were products of her doctoral research supervised by R. H. Tawney at the London School of Economics on post-Civil War land transfers and the Restoration land settlement.3 (She later acknowledged Tawney's classic study of Religion and the Rise of Capitalism [1926)] as one of "the most influential and riveting" books she had ever read.)4 History for both of them was not an hermetically sealed compartment of time. "I see all around me the past in the present," Joan once observed, "and my historic passions, far from fading, thrive as strongly as ever."5 She was a natural choice both for inclusion among the contributors to the Tawney Festschrift, which appeared in 1961, and as the Economic History Society's Tawney Lecturer in 2000.English Peasant Farming: The Agrarian History of Lincolnshire from Tudor to Recent Times (1957) was her first full-length book. Another later landmark publication (the re-worked text of her Ford Lectures at Oxford) was Economic Policy and Projects: The Development of a Consumer Society in Early Modern England (1978); it opened up a whole new field of study into which others, such as Lorna Weatherill, Beverly Lemire and John Brewer, have subsequently ventured.6 Other important, innovative, and insightful works followed, among them Alternative Agriculture: A History from the Black Death to the Present Day (1997) and, most recently, Food in Early Modern England: Phases, Fads, Fashions 1500-1760 (2007), both of which showed enviable skill (a) in handling large subjects and long timespans and (b) for convincingly demonstrating relevance to today's world. She edited volumes 4 and 5 of The Agrarian History of England and Wales in 1967 and 1984/5, respectively, and for many years, she was the dynamic General Editor of the monumental series-more than 9,000 pages in length-in which these books appeared. It was largely a tribute to her energy that volume 4, dealing with the period 1500-1640, was the first in the series to be published; furthermore, as well as editing it, she also contributed three substantial chapters. …


Objective To investigate the risk factors of pulmonary complications after abdominal operation.Methods We performed a retrospective analysis on 307 cases of abdominal operation.The date was univariate analyse by chi-square test,then finished muivariae saisica analysis by logistic regression for the statistically significant factors.Results 41 out of 307 had PPCs,the incidence rate was 13.36%.The incidence rate of PPCs was significantly increased in patients with age over 65,extrapulmonary underlying diseases,higher American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA) classification class,low serum albumin level,the diseases of respiratory tract,smoking history,higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG) score,higher CURB-65 score,greater blood urea nitrogen levels,upper abdominal operation,longer operation time(P0.05).The first four factors are independent risk factors for PPCs.Conclusion Age,smoking history,underlying diseases,serum albumin level,blood urea nitrogen levels,operative site,operation time are the correlative factors on pulmonary complications after abdominal operation.The incidence rate of PPCs was increased in patients with higher ASA classification class,ECOG score and CURB-65 score.


Seismotectonics of the two recent earthquakes, one Mw 6.3 in the Bhutan Himalaya on 21 September 2009 and the other Mw 5.1 in the Assam valley on 19 August 2009, are examined here. The recent seismicity and fault plane solutions of these two felt earthquakes suggest that both the events occurred on the Kopili fault zone, a known active fault zone in the Assam valley, about 300 km long and 50 km wide. The fault zone is transverse to the east–west Himalayan trend, and its intense seismicity indicates that it transgresses into the Himalaya. The geologically mapped curvilinear structure of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in the Himalaya, where the epicentre of the Bhutan earthquake is located, is possibly caused by the transverse Kopili fault beneath the MCT. This intensely active fault zone may be vulnerable to an impending larger earthquake (M > 7.0) in the region.


In this paper we propose to use generative adversarial network (GAN) for respiratory sound data augmentation. We present a GAN based approach that requires moderate amount of time and computing resources and capable to greatly increase performance of lung sound classification tasks. We also present a conditioned version of GAN, which is flexible and outperforms competitor augmentation methods. As a result, the GAN based augmentation method is able to boost RNN classifier performance by 10-15


V. S. Naipaul is a typical author of diastolic literature who survives in"the third space"under the post-colony context. Based on Homi Bhabha' s theory,the author analyzes V. S. Naipaul' s survival,interprets the theme,characterization,and the style of his works. It could supply a very essential reference for the research of postcolonial literature worldwide.


Jason Sherman was born in Montreal in 1962, the seventh of eight sons . He graduated from York University's Creative Writing Program in 1985 and, that same year, founded What Publishing which produced what, a literary magazine which he edited from 1985-1990. While Sherman is probably best known for his rapid achievement of acclaim as a dramatist, his venture with what marks his alternate career as a journalist whose reviews, essays and interviews which have appeared not only in the journal he edited, but in The Globe and Mail, Canadian Theatre Review, Theatrum, among others . In addition, Sherman edited two anthologies for Coach House Press: Canadian Brash (1991) and Solo (1993.) A prolific writer, Sherman' s League of Nathans was produced by Orange Dog/Theatre Passe Muraille in 1992; Three in the Back, Two ill the Head, a 1994 co-production of Necessary Angel, Tarragon Theatre and the National Art s Centre, was honoured with a Governor General's Award in 1995. The Retreat was mounted by Tarragon Theatre in 1996. Reading Hebron was produced by Factory Theatre in 1996, and None is Too Many was produced by Winnipeg's Jewish Theatre and the Manitoba Theatre Centre in 1997. He writes the dramatic series PMO heard monthly on CBC'S Morning side and This Morning. He has been a playwright-in-residence at Tarragon Theatre since 1992.


In January of 1975 OSHA inspected this plant and cited them for violations of the air-borne lead standard. At OSHA's request, NIOSH arranged for a medical evaluation of the worker's current health status. The medical examinations were performed during October 1976 on workers in this lead battery plant which was still under abatement. There were 278 workers screened using a ZPP test, followed by the examination of 109 with a history, physical examination and laboratory tests. The more extensive study involved those who worked at high risk jobs or had a ZPP value equal to or greater than 90 micrograms percent. Three-fourths of all the workers tested had blood lead levels equal to or greater than 40 micrograms per 100 ml of blood, 9% being over 60 micrograms/100 ml but not over 70 micrograms/100 ml. One-third had abnormally elevated ZPPs. Almost half apparently had abnormally elevated blood pressure and a significant number had abnormalities of the urine and other parameters of renal function including creatinine and BUN. Further, 10 percent were found to have abnormally low hematocrits and hemoglobins.


Introduction Definitions used for suicide attempts and self-harm have been discussed for many years and is used differently in European countries, sometimes even interchangeably. Therefore, it is difficult to compare relevant rates across nations. Objectives This study aims at estimating the rate of suicide attempts and self-harm in chosen European countries in the more recent years when distinguishing between applied definitions. Methods A systematic search for relevant articles published between 2010-2020 will be performed in databases such as PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Only articles in English or Danish will be included. Data will be collected for all age groups above 15 years of age. The prevalence of suicide attempts and self-harm will be calculated by a random effect model. Subgroup analyses will be performed to compare the rates according to age. Results from the performed systematic review and meta-study will be presented at the conference. Conclusions The conclusion will be presented when results have been analysed. Disclosure No significant relationships.


3-Methyl-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b] pyridazine (4), currently being evaluated as a potential anxiolytic agent was synthesized, labeled with carbon-14 in the 3-position of the triazolo nucleus. The product was obtained in 67% radiochemical yield with specific activity of 13.5 mCi/mmol and radiopurity of greater than 99%. The carbon-13 labeled compound was also synthesized for absorption and metabolism studies.


Abstract : This report primarily focuses on the influence of body mass, morphology and gender on thermal and metabolic responses during both rest and exercise after cold-water exposure. A group of male and female subjects (n=4 each) were evaluated that had similar (P0.05) percent body fat and total skinfold, but differed (P0.05) in weight, lean body weight, limb divided by trunk skinfold, surface area A sub D and surface area-to-mass ratio (A sub D/wt. ). During both rest and exercise, testing was conducted at three water temperatures (20, 24 and 28 C) for 1-h. Rectal temperature (T sub re), mean- weighted skin temperature (T sub sk) and metabolic rate (M) were monitored during both rest and exercise. In a second series of experiments, metabolic and thermoregulatory responses of male volunteers differing in body morphology and mass during rest and exercise in water at 26 C were evaluated for 1-h duration. Similar thermoregulatory and metabolic responses were evaluated in these experiments as described above with the addition of esophageal temperature (T sub es) and tissue insulation. In conclusion, when these findings were taken collectively, it would appear that water temperature, body mass, and the exercise type and intensity are more critical factors to be considered in preventing a decline in deep body temperature during cold-water immersion than body fat, surface area-to-mass ratio and gender. We believe, however, that this conclusion is more applicable to individuals at exercise rather than rest during cold-water immersion.


Italicized Hindi and Chhattisgarhi words have been transliterated using a conventional system of transliteration. Proper nouns, including names and place names, appear without diacritics and thus in the form that most closely approximates their English pronunciation. Hence, the Hindi � and 1Sf appear as sh (Kausalya = Kaushalya, l{n:Q.a =Krishna); "if. appears as c and appears � as ch. According to this system, the spelling of the name of the region under consideration in this volume should appear as "Chattisgarh" rather than "Chhattisgarh." I have retained the latter spelling, however, since it appears thus in the Census oflndia, on most maps, and elsewhere in print. Hindi and Chhattisgarhi differ from Sanskrit in that the final a is not usually pronounced, and hence I have not retained it in transliteration except for words and names to which Hindi speakers add an attenuated final a, such as Shiva, or in words and names that have become familiar to English readers in their Sanskrit forms, such as Ramayana and Mahabharata.


Analysis of a simple electrical safety management and the relationship between technology,focusing on the expression of electrical safety management and application of technology in the mining,analysis of the electrical safety and accident prevention measures.


With the construction of infrastructure on a large scale in China since the foundation of the PRC and especially since the reforms and open door policy began, the involuntary resettlement has been increased steadily in quantity and in scale. However, there is an imbalance in quality and effect of the resettlement work. Around the 1990's, China tried to make use of loans from the World Bank for the infrastructure construction; and as a result, China has gained some experiences from the practice of the World Bank resettlement policy. This paper aims to examine and review the achievements in the resettlement work and the existing problems on the basis of a brief retrospection of the resettlement work in China. Based on the above, the author gives some advice on the improvement of the resettlement work in China by drawing on experience of the World Bank in resettlement work.


Abstract This Account describes our efforts over the last decade to synthesize self-assembled metal–ligand cage complexes that display reactive functional groups on their interiors. This journey has taken us down a variety of research avenues, including studying the mechanism of reversible self-assembly, analyzing ligand self-sorting properties, post-assembly reactivity, molecular recognition, and binding studies, and finally reactivity and catalysis. Each of these individual topics are discussed here, as are the lessons learned along the way and the future research outlook. These self-assembled hosts are the closest mimics of enzymes to date, as they are capable of size- and shape-selective molecular recognition, substrate activation and turnover, as well as showing less common 'biomimetic' properties such as the ability to employ cofactors in reactivity, and alter the prevailing mechanism of the catalyzed reactions. 1 Introduction 2 Paddlewheels and Self-Sorting Behavior 3 First-Row Transition-Metal-Mediated Assembly: Sorting and Stereochemical Control 4 Post-Assembly Reactivity 5 Molecular Recognition and Catalysis 6 Conclusions and Outlook


This paper describes a numerical analysis of the parametric identifiability of electrochemical systems. First, we analyze global identifiability of the entire set of parameters in a single alternating current voltammetry experiment and examine the effect of different waveforms (square, sawtooth) on the accuracy of the identification procedure. The analysis of global identifiability is equivalent to finding a global optimum of a specially designed function. The optimization problem is solved by a random search method, and a statistical analysis of the obtained solution allows for selection of a subset of the parameters (or their linear combinations), which can be identified. Finally, we discuss optimization of the waveform for better identifiability.


This study concerns with the "An Analysis of Imperative Sentences of The Martian Movie And Their Subtitling". This study purposes problems are What the types of Imperative Sentence on the Martian Movie and their subtitling?. The main objective of this study is to know the imperative sentence of the martian movie and its subtitling. Therefore, this analysis used a descriptive qualitative method, documentation technique is used in collecting the data. By this method, the writer uses the subtitling of The Martian movie as the source of data. Based on the findings, the writer found that there are 2 types of imperative sentences, namely; (1) positive imperative sentence consisting of 70 data or 84.33%, and (2) negative imperative sentence consisting of 13 data or 15.67%. The most occurred was a positive imperative sentence consisting of 70 data or 84.33%.


Since the end of last century, each supplier of computer aided system began to introduce the data management products which are used with computer aided system, which can be said to have achieved the preliminary integration of CAD information at that time, and the tool used for the integration is CAD system. CAD technology is widely used in the world, this technology can measure a country in the industrial level of an indicator, is also a measure of the advanced level of enterprise technology vane. Calculation and auxiliary design plays an extremely important role in daily production and life. It can improve the design and drawing work from all angles, so as to improve the production efficiency. Take the current microelectronics assembly as an example. In the current microelectronics assembly industry, due to the continuous update of technology, the industry has a great competitiveness, customers' requirements for enterprise products are constantly improving, and enterprises' requirements for employees are also constantly improving. The appearance of three - dimensional CAD has brought a new innovation and challenge for the designers. The 3D model created by 3D CAD technology contains all the attributes of the CAE system. The application of this technology can make the CAD system in 3D modeling, the CAE system is also constantly processing and exchanging the model, which greatly improves the design level and quality of the product. This paper analyzes the application of computer aided technology in today's society from multiple perspectives, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the use of this technology in microelectronics assembly, and finally looks into the development prospects of computer aided technology.


Studies have shown the importance of submarine canyons as conduits of land-derived organic carbon beyond the coastal shelf into the deep-sea where a single obvious river source can be identified. When there is more than one river source, identifying which rivers contribute to canyon sediment organic matter is technically challenging. Here, we compare two contrasting submarine canyons: the Hokitika Canyon, a long, narrow, and gently sloping canyon on the west coast of New Zealand; and the Kaikōura Canyon, a high productivity, short, steep canyon close to shore on the east coast of New Zealand. Both canyons have multiple potential river sources, so we applied a compound specific stable isotope (CSSI) tracking technique to identify and apportion the contribution from each river at locations along the length of each canyon axis. We found that land-derived organic matter contributed between 74 and 100% of the total organic matter in the sediment of the Hokitika Canyon as far as 200 km from shore and to depths of 2000 m. However, less than 50% of the land-derived organic carbon came from the largest river closest to the canyon head. We hypothesize that longshore drift transported much of the sediment from that river past the Hokitika Canyon, while river inflows farther up-current supplied the bulk of the land-derived organic carbon. In contrast, land-derived organic matter contributed less than 50% of the total organic matter in Kaikōura Canyon sediments with land-derived organic sediment contribution decreasing steeply to less than 15% at about 24 km from shore in 1500 m water depth. Most of the land-derived organic matter (ca. 80%) came from the river with the largest suspended sediment yield, despite another (smaller) river discharging closer to the canyon head. We hypothesize that this difference in carbon source is partly due to the comparatively short and steep, and therefore dynamic, nature of Kaikōura Canyon resulting in efficient sediment through-put. The efficiency with which organic matter is captured and transferred to the deep-sea by canyons demonstrates the potential for such systems to act as natural carbon sinks driven by both geologically episodic and more regular oceanographic processes.


The paper presents the experience of childhood immunization with the various manifestations of tuberculosis infection inanimate (ADC-M., Pneumo 23) and live vaccines (domestic divaccine «measles-parotitis», combined vaccine Priorix). The safety and efficacy of vaccination in this group of children with positive clinical and laboratory dynamics of tuberculosis on the background of a specific treatment have been demonstrated, as well as the vaccination tactics of children registered at the TB clinic based on the results of the study have been elaborated.


PURPOSE: To present rectal toxicity rates in patients administered a polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel rectal spacer in conjunction with combination high-dose-rate brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between February 2010 and April 2015, 326 prostate carci- noma patients underwent combination high-dose-rate brachytherapy of 16 Gy (average dose 15.5 Gy; standard deviation (SD) 5 1.6 Gy) and external beam radiotherapy of 59.4 Gy (average dose 60.2 Gy; SD 5 2.9 Gy). In conjunction with the radiation therapy regimen, each patient was injected with 10 mL of a PEG hydrogel in the anterior perirectal fat space. The injectable spacer (rectal spacer) creates a gap between the prostate and the rectum. The rectum is displaced from the radiation field, and rectal dose is substantially reduced. The goal is a reduction in rectal radia- tion toxicity. Clinical efficacy was determined by measuring acute and chronic rectal toxicity using the National Cancer Center Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0 grading scheme. RESULTS: Median followup was 16 months. The mean anterioreposterior separation achieved was 1.6 cm (SD 5 0.4 cm). Rates of acute Grade 1 and 2 rectal toxicity were 37.4% and 2.8%, respectively. There were no acute Grade 3/4 toxicities. Rates of late Grade 1, 2, and 3 rectal toxicity were 12.7%, 1.4%, and 0.7%, respectively. There were no late Grade 4 toxicities. CONCLUSIONS: PEG rectal spacer implantation is safe and well tolerated. Acute and chronic rectal toxicities are low despite aggressive dose escalation. 2016 American Brachytherapy


Dogmatism and Inequity 1 An experiment was conducted to examine the relationships among dogmatism, perceived fairness, and subjects' affective responses and performance effectiveness. One hundred and twenty male and female university students were divided into three equity treatment groups: equity, and inequity with ability or without ability to control their inputs. Each inequity group was informed that greater inputs were demanded of them than were demanded of the other groups in exchange for the same rewards. Subjects were also blocked on three levels of dogmatism. Each dependent variable was subjected to analysis of variance in a 3 X 3 factorial design. Inequity with input-control subjects reduced performance, while those experiencing inequity without control reduced affect, in order to restore equity. Dogmatism appeared to moderate the relationship between equity and affect. Dogmatism was inversely related to perceived equity and to affect. However, dogmatism was independent of performance effectiveness. Equity was the single factor affecting performance. Evidently, dogmatism, as an index of an individual's value system, relates to behavior in a manner that supports previous research in Social Exchange, Protestant Ethic, and Equity theories. Dogmatism and Inequity 2 Dogmatism and Inequity: Effects on Affect and Performance Introduction Background Equity Theory is a process theory derived from Cognitive Dis sonance Theory (Festinger, 1957). Cognitive Dissonance Theory posits that when an individual's expectancies about a situation are disconfirmed, conflicting (dissonant) cognitions result which are discom forting to the individual. To reduce the discomfort, the individual alters either: (a) his expectancies, or (b) his perceptions of the disconfirming information. In Equity Theory: (a) the individual has expectations of a "fair" return (outcomes) in exchange for his inputs; (b) when he does not receive his concept of a "fair" return, "inequity" exists (Adams, 1963); (c) individuals in inequity situations experience distress, in direct proportion to the amount of inequity they perceive themselves as receiving; (d) to reduce the distress, the individual tries to restore either actual or psychological equity (Walster, Berscheid, § Walster, 1973). The individual may use one of two methods to form his concept of a "fair" return. One approach is to compare his inputs and outcomes with those of other individuals in the same situation. Homans (1961) expressed this in a formula stating that, when equity prevails, the proportion of the individual's profits to investments (earnings ratio) is equal to the earnings ratio of any other individual he chooses to use for comparison. When the individual recognizes a difference Dogmatism and Inequity 3 between the two earnings ratios, he experiences inequity. Research tends to support this comparison process and the attendant feelings of distress due to inequity (Austin § Walster, 1974; Messe, Dawson, § Lane, 1973; Radinsky, 1969; Wicker § Bushweiler, 1970). The second method a person may use to form his concept of a "fair" return is through his own "internal" standard. In this case the individual has a socially-derived referent that he may use for comparison purposes (Carrel1 § Dittrich, 1978). Research also sup ports this approach (Goodman, 1974; Lane § Messe, 1972; Middlemist § Peterson, 1976; Weick § Nesset, 1968; Zedeck § Smith, 1968). Inequity and Affect Adams (1963) found that inequity resulted in distress, dissonance, and internal conflict. Homans (1961) claimed that positive inequity (overreward) produces guilt, and negative inequity (underreward) produces anger. Other research also indicates that inequity causes distress and negative affect. Whether or not the inequity is expected has a direct bearing on the affective response. Unexpected inequity leads to higher levels of distress than expected inequity. This con forms to Festinger!s (1957) Cognitive Dissonance Theory in that, when expected inequity occurs, expectancies are not disconfirmed, therefore dissonance does not occur (Wicker § Bushweiler, 1970; Pritchard, Dunnette, § Jorgenson, 1972; Austin § Walster, 1974; Ilgen § Gunn, 1976). Inequity and Performance When inequity occurs through underreward, one of the strategies individuals use to restore equity is to reduce their productivity. Dogmatism and Inequity 4 This can be done by reducing either work quality, quantity, or both. The reduced input election strategy depends on the reward system affecting the worker. A worker paid on a piecework basis, in an inequity situation, reduces quality because it does not immediately reduce his pay. Conversely, an individual paid an hourly wage, in an inequitable situation, reduces quantity and quality because this strategy demands the least effort and has minimum consequences on his pay (Adams, 1963; Andrews, 1967; Lawler § O 'Gara, 1967). Choice and Performance Some research findings seem to contradict Equity Theory. In these cases (Linder, Cooper, § Jones, 1967; Collins § Hoyt, 1972; Calder, Ross, § Insko, 1973; Folger, Rosenfield, § Hays, 1978) individuals delivered high performance despite "low" levels of reward. It should be noted, however, that the individuals had agreed to the transaction, including the "low" level of reward, prior to performing the experimental task. If one accepts the proposition that a form of inequity can be created when denying an individual the ability to control his inputs by disconfirming his expectations about the out comes of the transaction, then the converse should also apply. The individual able to control his inputs, through his choice in agreeing to the transaction, should not perceive himself as the victim of negative inequity (i.e., underrewarded). It is possible that in these cases the low reward was an expected outcome that subjects had already accepted as part of an "equitable" transaction. The factor of choice is important because it is another way of describing control of the means to restore actual equity. When the means to restore Dogmatism and Inequity 5 actual equity are denized, the individual can only resort to restoring psychological equity. When he does so, it is evidenced as increased negative affect (Walster, Walster, § Berscheid, 1978). Components of the Exchange Process Vroom (1964) described several components of the process that make it difficult to predict feelings of inequity. These cognitive components are as follows: (1) self-image, (2) conviction of value of inputs, (3) perceptions of reward, (4) perceptions of others, (5) perceptions of rewards to others, and (6) tendency to compare. The cognitions of no two people are identical. Therefore, it is fallacious to assume that another individual perceives the same levels of reward, or even the same inputs and outcomes, as the researcher. Where the researcher's "set" includes those extrinsic rewards he may choose to offer, the subject may perceive his very participation as part of the outcome. Each of these components is sensitive to indivi dual differences in perception. Individual Differences Individual differences in personality underlie the components. Individuals differ greatly in their perceptions of the same things. Allport (1955) has described perception as "nothing more nor less than a discriminatory response." An individual may be limited in his ability to discriminate by a restricted number of response categories, either in the number of choices offered to him, or in his sociallydetermined value system (Garner, Hake, § Eriksen, 1956). If an individual possesses limited discrimination ability, then his per ception of each component, and his ultimate perception of equity, or Dogmatism and Inequity 6 inequity, will be limited. The daily purchasing transactions of any retail consumer typify this situation. . The consumer can observe inputs (cost) and outputs (the product), in transactions for some nationally advertised item, among some (but not all) referent others. Some consumers extensively research costs to referent others and outputs (product quality and features) obtained by referent others. Those researching consumers become perceptive of inequity when they find an item available at a ''nationally advertised price" in one store, and the same item is available at a fraction of that price in an equally accessible store. What is suggested is that discrimination learning between levels of equity is the same as any other discrimina tion learning and that perception (sensitivity) of inequity is a function of the ability to discriminate between degrees (levels) of equity. In that context, sensitivity to inequity should vary among individuals to the same extent as their value systems. If individual value systems underlie perceptions of inequity, then it becomes worthwhile to examine them further. One available measure that suggests itself as a possible indicator of perceptual discrimination ability for equity, is the Protestant Ethic Scale (Mirels § Garrett, 1971; MacDonald, 1972; Greenberg, 1977, 1978). The Protestant Ethic Scale has a high correlation (_r = .69) with the F Scale (Kerlinger § Rokeach, 1966). Both of these measures relate to structure and self-righteousness in individual personality. If perceptual discrimination is the key to sensitivity in per ceptions of equity, then those perceptions should be clearest when the most well-defined categories, or the most rigid personality Dogmatism and Inequity 7 structure exists. Among normals the most rigid personality structure is indicated by a high level of dogmatism. Dogmatism Rokeach (1956) developed the D (dogmatism) Scale to measure authoritarianism as part of the individual's belief system, independent of content. Lee and Ehrlich (1971) contend that high dogmatics dis play moral self-righteousness. This suggests a high sensitivity to inequity, and strong perceptions of dissonance in the presence of inequity. Statement of the Problem In


The 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide reductase assay was optimized and validated using microsomal and mitochondrial fractions from mouse liver and microsomal fraction from mouse lung as the enzyme source.Methods Mouse liver and lung were weighted and minced,and subsequently were homogenized.Fractions of microsomes and mitochondria were isolated by centrifugation.In incudations of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide with the enzyme source in anaerobic environment,the reduced product:4AQO was extracted and detected by spectrophotometric analysis.The production of 4-aminoquinoline 1-oxide was shown to be linear with incubation time for 30 minutes.Also,the production of 4-aminoquinoline 1-oxide was proportional to the amounts of microsomal and mitochodrial fractions in the incubations.The specific activity of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide reductase was found to be nearly equal between microsomes and mitochondria of mouse liver. Results The spectific activity in liver microsomes was 2 3 times than in the lung microsomes.Activity observed in the presence of NADH was somewhat lower than with NADPH.Reduction of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide was found to be stimulated by flavin coenzymes.Conclusion The 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide reductase mainly exists in microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of mouse liver.


Archaeology in the city of Rome, although complicated by the continuous occupation of the site, is blessed with a multiplicity of source material. Numerous buildings have remained above ground since antiquity, such as the Pantheon, Trajan's Column, temples and honorific arches, while extensive remains below street level have been excavated and left on display. Nearly 13 miles (19 kilometers) of city wall dating to the third century ce, and the arcades of several aqueducts are also still standing. The city appears in ancient texts, in thousands of references to streets, alleys, squares, fountains, groves, temples, shrines, gates, arches, public and private monuments and buildings, and other toponyms. Visual records of the city and its archaeology can be found in fragmentary ancient, medieval, and early modern paintings, in the maps, plans, drawings, and sketches made by architects and artists from the fourteenth century onwards, and in images captured by the early photographers of Rome. Textual references to the city are collected together and commented upon in topographical dictionaries, from Henri Jordan's Topographie der Stadt Rom in Alterthum (1871–1907) and Samuel Ball Platner and Thomas Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome (1929), to Roberto Valentini and Giuseppe Zucchetti's Codice Topografico della Città di Roma (1940–53), the new topographical dictionary published in 1992 by Lawrence Richardson Jnr and the larger, more comprehensive Lexicon Topographicum Urbis Romae (LTUR) (1993–2000), edited by Margareta Steinby (see also LTURS). Key topographical texts include the fourth‐ century ce Regionary Catalogues (the Notitia Dignitatum and


Backward adaptive or "online" transform coding (TC) of Gaussian sources is investigated. The Karhunen-Loe/spl grave/ve transform (KLT, unitary approach) and the causal transform (CT, causal approach) are compared in this context. When the covariance matrix R_/sub x/ of the source is used in the TC scheme, KLT and CT present similar coding gains at high rates. The aim of this study is to model analytically the behavior of these two coding structures when the ideal TC scheme gets perturbed, that is, when only a perturbed value R_/sub x/+/spl Delta/R is known at the encoder. In the online TC schemes considered here, this estimate is used to compute both the transform and the bit assignment. /spl Delta/R is caused by two noise sources: estimation noise (finite set of available data at the encoder) and quantization noise (quantized data at the decoder). Furthermore, not only does the transformation itself get perturbed, but also the bit assignment does as well. In this framework, theoretical expressions for the coding gains in both the unitary and the causal cases are derived under the high-rate assumption.


The Cramer-Rao Bound B/sub C/ on directional covariance routinely is used as a yardstick for assessing the performance of candidate direction-finding (DF) algorithms. Stoica and Nehorai (1989, 1990) and Yau and Bresler (see ibid., vol.40, no.5,p.1226, 1992) introduced compact formulae for B/sub C/ applicable to DF scenarios in which sources transmit signals having known polarizations. These formulae have proven quite useful in that they facilitate identification of performance limitations that otherwise would be difficult or impossible to obtain. This article presents compact formulae for B/sub C/ for DF scenarios in which n uncorrelated sources transmit signals having constant but unknown polarizations. Also it is shown that these formulae elucidate achievable DF performance for scenarios involving partially correlated sources. >


Widespread screening using serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal exam (DRE) resulted in an increased incidence of early diagnosis of prostate cancer. The surgery remains the mainstay treatment of early localized prostate adenocarcinoma, especially in young population. Radical prostatectomy can be performed via an open surgery requiring a large vertical incision or via a minimally invasive technique consisting of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) or robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). The main risks and complications of any radical surgical procedure are the bleeding and infectious risks, the post-operative recovery (pain, hospital stay) and most importantly the oncologic outcomes (to have negative margins and complete radical excision of the tumor, to avoid recurrence, to improve survival). Besides, radical prostatectomy has other specific complications related to the anatomic localization of the prostate gland: erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence, urethral strictures and impotence. Thus, the least debilitating surgical procedure associated with an excellent oncologic control without affecting the quality of life remained a challenge for many years especially that the results of the minimally invasive LRP weren't so promising at the beginning.


People with diabetes are known to be more severely affected by COVID-19 than the general population. David Morris provides an overview of how to manage the illness in this group The outbreak of a n...


BTI is shown to be the most important device degradation mechanism for combinational logic. Significant benefits regarding lifetime predictions and the total effort in measurement time can be expected from measurements minimizing recovery by a short measuring delay or/and assessments being done with AC stress for applications ensuring AC operation only.


Introduction: We report new Ar-Ar measurements on two brecciated eucrites recently discovered in the Oman desert: Dho007 and Dho300. Dho007 was classified as cumulate eucrite [1], though it has very high bulk Ni and Co contents in comparison to other eucrites [2]. Dho300 belongs to the noncumulate type of eucrites [3]. To better separate and quantify the various Ar components, high-resolution Ar-Ar stepwise heating analyses were carried out on whole rock samples, as well as handpicked mineral separates (plagioclase, pyroxene and vein glass). Results and discussion: All samples display distinct release peaks of trapped argon at 400°C and 700°C. This trapped component is of atmospheric composition, as revealed by three isotope correlation diagrams. Correction of the low temperature extractions results in less complex age spectra, as shown in Fig. 1 for Dho300. Ar-Ar age spectra of Dho300 and Dho007 are similar to other typical eucrite age spectra and are characterized by stepwise increasing apparent ages. Judging from the release temperature of K-derived Ar and the K/Ca spectra, the main K carrier in all samples is plagioclase, but of presumably differing grain size: While for the plagioclase separate, preferably large grains were picked, in the pyroxene separates there remained some % of small plagioclase grains that could not be successfully removed. However, these dominate the K budget and, hence, the age and release spectrum. Release of K-derived Ar that correlates with Caderived Ar release from the pyroxene lattice at high temperatures of >1200°C was hardly observed. The Dho300 age spectra (Fig. 1) can be explained by a recent thermal event that induced varying degrees of secondary Ar loss (weakest for large plagioclase grains). Apparent ages in the high temperature extractions indicate that the last total reset occurred ~3.9 Ga ago (Fig.1), coeval with the intense cratering period on the moon [4].


According to leakage in external wall, it analyzes its cause from design、materials、brick-structure、external fitment and construction, puts forward feasible prevention measures to ensure waterproof.


The outbreak of the Corona Virus in December 2019 brought panic not only in China and the European continent which were considered the virus's epicentre, but worldwide. In Africa, the cases of the virus increased significantly since February 2020.The evolution of the disease and its economic impact is however uncertain, thereby making it difficult for policymakers to formulate an appropriate macroeconomic policy response. The immediate response that countries adopted was the lockdown "stay at home" measure, aiming to avoid movement of people since the virus was believed to spread through contacts with the infected persons. The lockdown also had its own economic impact as it puts halt to most economic activities and operations, with an exception of essential services. In this paper, we estimated the economic impact of the virus on the Namibian economy. The findings are that, an estimated amount of 5 to 7.5 billion Namibia dollars is lost in GDP owing to the impact of the lockdown measures on the various sectors in the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Due to loss of income, loss of business trading hours and loss of jobs; a loss of private demand (consumption) of N$6 billion to N$12 billion was estimated for Namibia. This loss takes back the country's private consumption to the level it was 4 to 5 years back. Although the government has already started implementing the fiscal stimulus aimed to cushion the impact of the pandemic, the paper established that a once off income grant aimed for the unemployed and lost income is far lower than the lost income due to the lockdown. Among the proposed policy recommendations is the need to allow the informal sector to operate under specified conditions in efforts to ensure that not so much is lost in the informal sector which the government may need to again issue fiscal stimulus on an already limited fiscal space. Another policy proposal is the need to draw up a post recovery strategy in dealing with the most affected sectors of the economy.


Speculative geophysical programs are underway in sparsely drilled areas throughout the southern Rocky Mountain region. Responding to significant operator interest generated by new production in Nevada, a few contractors are designing programs to establish optimum recording parameters. Geophysical exploration activities in Colorado and Utah are discussed.


On the door of my colleague, Dr Bob Hodge, an apparently appreciative student has pinned a Footrot Flats comic strip. In the four frames that make up this strip, the goose again outwits the farmer and while the latter fumbles for the chopper with which to bring this nuisance to an end, places a not insignificant length of its beak into his bottom. The goose - and here is my contribution to structuralism - ruminates, 'There are two kinds of geese. 18The quick and the roast. 19 I feel very much I ike the goose that's 'roast' today, especially as I'm neither an expert on Mikhail Bakhtin nor an authority on Patrick White...


A cutting tool includes a body having a working end and a plurality of cutting edges at the working end of the body. Each cutting edge includes a radial cutting edge component. Each radial cutting edge component is oriented at an angle to a radius extending from an axis of rotation of the tool.


Trans Sarbagita is a public transportation services people at Denpasar, Badung, Gianyar and Tabanan. Trans Sarbagita is aimed to resolve a problems caused by accretion volume of vehicles in Bali. This study conducted to forecast the number of Trans Sarbagita passengers in 2013 using ANFIS. The ANFIS system composed by five layers where each layers has a different function and its divide in two phases, i.e. forward and backward phases. The ANFIS uses a hybrid learning algorithm which is a combination of Least Squares Estimator (LSE) on forwards phases and Error Backpropagation (EBP) on the backward phases. The results show, ANFIS with six inputs with M.F of  Pi  produces smallest error, compared to seven and eight input and M.F gauss and generalizedbell. Forecast of Trans Sarbagita passenger numbers in 2013 have to fluctuated every day and the average of passenger's Trans Sarbagita for a day is 1627 passengers with MSE equal to 10210 and MAPE is 4.01%.


Simon Foulds speaks to Andrew Layman, CEO at the Durban Chamber of Commerce, and Ravi Ronny, design and construction manager (Eastern region) at Sanral, asking them about the growth of KwaZulu-Natal as an industrial hub, and how the road infrastructure will assist in growing the economy.


Sludge Treatment Reed Beds (STRBs) are widely used in Northern Europe to dewater and mineralize surplus sludge from activated sludge systems used to treat urban domestic sewage. STRBs are low-technology, energy-efficient, and do not require addition of chemicals. They dewater and stabilize the sludge and produce a final product that can be safely used as a fertilizer for agricultural crops. Long-term sludge reduction takes place in the reed beds due to dewatering and mineralization of the organic matter in the sludge. Although, in theory, a simple technique relying largely on natural processes, experience has shown that it is very important to understand and respect the basic design and operation requirements of STRBs. This paper describes the basic design and operation requirements of STRBs, with special focus on pivotal requirements to respect in order to secure proper functioning. Also, the paper summarizes performance experience concerning final dry matter content, degree of mineralization, emission of greenhouse gases, and degradation of micro-pollutants in STRBs. There are still a number of outstanding issues that are not fully understood, particularly in relation to the importance of the sludge quality for the dewatering in an STRB. Therefore, extreme care should be taken when attempting to extrapolate the use of STRBs to applications and regions outside of their 'normal' and documented area of application.


This paper considers a detailed numerical analysis of combined liquid-gas co-flow in a gas channel, with liquid-gas counter-flow in a porous transport layer, as is typically found on the cathode side of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. The geometry is obtained by digital reconstruction of nano-computer tomography images. From this, the domain is tessellated with an unstructured castellated or octree mesh, upon which the equations of mass and momentum are solved by means of a volume of fluid method. Liquid water is produced from an electrode where gaseous oxygen is simultaneously consumed by electrochemical reduction; Liquid-gas counter flow in the porous transport layer results in liquid drops being entrained in co-flow in the gas channels and convected by the gas downstream. (Less)


The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential application of a ternary system containing horseradish peroxidase, glucose oxidase, and glucose for the oxidative cross-linking of soybean protein isolate. Protein content, reaction temperature, and original pH were fixed at 30 g/L, 37°C, and 7.0, while suitable glucose, glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase addition, and reaction time selected from single factor trials for the one-step treatment were 0.1 mmol, 4.0 U, 200 U/g protein, and 3 h, respectively. In the two-step treatment, glucose, glucose oxidase, and horseradish peroxidase addition were the same, but a reaction time of 1 or 2 h was used for the glucose oxidase or horseradish peroxidase treatment. Two modified soybean protein isolates obtained by the one- and two-step treatment contained some protein polymers, had relative dityrosine content of 414 and 381, respectively, and showed lower in vitro digestibility and less free sulfhydryl than the control soybean protein isolate. During acidification induced by glucono-δ-lactone, the modified soybean protein isolates showed shorter gelation time (57 and 61 versus 72 min), lower loss tangent and gelation point temperature (52.9 and 53.2 versus 62.7°C) but higher final storage modulus than the control soybean protein isolate. The acidified gels prepared from the modified soybean protein isolates also exhibited enhanced hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness, and finer microstructural features. The ternary system was capable of treating protein ingredients to improve their gelation properties.


Based on the human production development history, this paper discussed contain and substance of Concurrent Engineering (CE) , introduced CE system structure, analyses its key technologies, there are information feedback of strategic from up and down current, Design for Assembly (DFA) , Design for Manufacturing (DFM) , Product Data Management (PDM) , Digital Product Definition (DPD)and based on integrate rnulti-location concurrent design etc. And expounded the position and action of CE in Advanced Manufacturing Technology(AMT) ,its international and internal development and application.


Recent work on space resource utilization has lead to the identification of certain modifications of previously proposed processes which can be properly characterized as 'second generation' processes. The usual qualitative and quantitative criteria previously applied in literature to comparisons between processes are much easier to apply in comparing closely similar processes. This paper will apply such reasoning and discussion to a few selected processes both to draw conclusions and to highlight the process by which they may be reached.


The essay has fixed eyes on the utilization of the foreign language book in our university library,analyzed the utilization problems and the reasons about it,and described ways to improve the utilization of foreign language book in agriculture university library.Thereby the library resources could be utilized in a better manner.


Purpose
Integrated reporting (IR) is the latest development in corporate reporting. It is a tool capable of better representing the ability of companies to create value over time. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the CEO's characteristics (age, gender, education and experience) and firm performance through a mediating variable, namely, IR.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is a quantitative research and used panel data. Based on a sample of 449 UK firms or using a sample of 449 UK companies between 2010 and 2020 on STATA17 and structural equation model was used to analyze data and test hypotheses.

Findings
The results show that IR has only indirect mediation on the relationship between CEO's characteristics and firm performance but mediates the relationship between CEO experience and performance in a complementary manner.

Originality/value
This article is motivated by the low number of works in the context about the corporate social responsibility and sustainability issues. It makes an important contribution to the academic literature by adding to the limited body of research on CEO's characteristics, IR and firm performance. This study focuses primarily on the importance of integrated reporting in UK.


The Productivity Commission's latest Annual Report assesses some policy implications of the global financial crisis and associated economic downturn. As a result of the global financial crisis, world production and employment contracted dramatically from late 2008. Australia did not experience as severe a contraction as other countries, in part because Australia's financial sector remained comparatively resilient. There has been broad international agreement on the need for coordinated macroeconomic policies to help reverse the dramatic declines in world production and output. Measures to stimulate economic activity and support financial markets have been the most immediate policy responses by governments and central banks. While there has been some increase in protection over the past year, there has not been widespread resort to protectionist measures. Some features of the modern trade environment make an outbreak of protection less likely than in previous economic downturns. In particular, existing multilateral trade rules provide a brake against an increase in protection. Further, the highly integrated nature of modern production and trade means that protectionist measures are likely to impose higher domestic costs (particularly on business) and hence face greater domestic resistance. Nonetheless, there remains a risk of such an outbreak, which deserves attention given the significant damage that would result from higher protection.


Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and a variant form, vCJD, are types of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies which are caused by abnormal, infectious prion proteins and lead to the degeneration of brain tissue. As vCJD is linked to the lymphoreticular system which includes the gastrointestinal tract, there is a possibility of transmission via a contaminated endoscope. Annette Puzey reviews the most recent advice on how to reduce the risk of transmitting prions to patients undergoing flexible endoscopy, considering patient assessment, the level of tissue infectivity, and the risk of invasive procedures.


The sorting nexins (SNXs) are a family of PX domain‐containing proteins found in yeast and mammalian cells that have been proposed to regulate intracellular trafficking. Mammalian SNXs have been suggested to function variously in pro‐degradative sorting, internalization, endosomal recycling, or simply in endosomal sorting. In yeast, the defining function for these proteins is a regulation of cargo retrieval. Here we examine recent data on the SNX family of proteins and attempt to draw out unifying themes between the work performed in yeast and mammalian systems.


Using GIS technology in the spatial data and the attribute data edition,the memory and the perform- ance aspect superiority,the paper proposed the brand-new highly effective solution to the cable TV network re- source management system construction,including system network architecture,system module function design and so on.


From Hartree-Fock s e l f c o n s i s t e n t f i e l d ca lcu la t ions on t rans-po ly acety lene, polyparaphenylene, and po lypyr ro le , a coherent theore t i ca l descr ipt i o n emerges f o r the physics of conducting doped organic polymers. The importance o f the geometric modi f icat ions that occur on the polymer chains upon charge t rans fe r i s st ressed. These modi f icat ions are shown to lead to the appearance of e lec t ron ic states in the gap that play a major ro le in the cond u c t i v i t y mechanism. MNDO ca lcu la t ions on t rans-polyacety lene chains ind icate that the geometries of s o l i t o n or polaron defects vary s i g n i f i c a n t l y w i th t he i r charge s t a t e .


Our knowlcdgc of the pliysiology of reproduction in monkeys has been based almost entire17 upon observations of the Old World monkeys and apes; the platyrrhine o r ilrricricari monkeys having been largely neglected. I know of oiilp two articles which deal with the latter in anything more than a superficial fashion. The first of these i s in Rengger 's ' Skingethiere voii Paraguay, publishcd in 1831, in which Rengger details his observations upon Ccbus azarae in the field and in captivity, and states that the female has a menstrual bleeding; that he sliould have thought of this as a sign of estrous is of course to be expected when wc corisiclcr the state of our misinformation 100 years ago upon primate physiology, arid docs not detract from the value of his


Context: ABO blood group antigens are inherited and specific to an individual. In pregnancy, active immunisation occurs when the foetus is of a different ABO blood group from the mother and may result in neonatal jaundice (NNJ). Therefore, monitoring and evaluation of mothers at booking and throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period is important in management. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of neo-maternal ABO blood group incompatibility and to assess any relationship with NNJ among mother-neonate pairs in Nguru, Northeast Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 200 pregnant women at Federal Medical Centre, Nguru, Yobe State, Nigeria in 2015. ABO blood group antigens of both mothers and neonates were determined while direct Coomb's test (DCT), full blood counts, reticulocyte counts and bilirubin assays were determined for neonates of ABO-incompatible neo-maternal pairs. Data were analysed using SPSS Version 20, and a P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 26.4 ± 6.2 years. Blood group O had the highest frequencies among mothers and neonates 58% and 57.5%, respectively. Although 28% of the mother-neonate pairs were ABO blood group incompatible, only 12.5% of the incompatible neonates had a positive cord blood DCT, and only 6% of the neonates developed jaundice. There was a strong and positive association between ABO neo-maternal blood group incompatibility and NNJ P = 0.007 (Fishers' exact test), odds ratio = 8.52, 95% confidence interval; 1.665, 43.591. Conclusion: ABO neo-maternal incompatibility is common, and it has a strong positive association with NNJ. There is a need for routine neonatal ABO screening, especially where jaundice exists.


Abstract Background: Ruxolitinib is a JAK1/2 inhibitor that is FDA approved to treat certain myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), including myelofibrosis (MF) and polycythemia vera (PV). The JAK family kinases are targeted in cancers due to their role in cytokine receptor signal transduction, and are also key intermediates in growth hormone, leptin and prolactin receptor signaling. Clinical trials have reported that ruxolitinib treatment was associated with weight gain, but other metabolic consequences remain unknown. Aim: We aimed to determine the metabolic consequences of JAK1/2 inhibition with ruxolitinib in patients with MPN in the clinical setting. Methods: IRB approval was obtained, and we identified patients from an electronic medical record (EMR) based database who began treatment with ruxolitinib for MPN from December 2011 to December 2016. Data collected from EMRs included age, gender, weight, height, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), medications, co-morbidities, random serum glucose, and lipid profile. We compared parameters from baseline (prior to initiating ruxolitinib) to 72±8 weeks after starting treatment. Baseline and 72 week data were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: 129 patients were initially identified, of which 71 had data available for weight, and at least one other metabolic parameter of interest at baseline and 72 weeks. Patient characteristics were as follows: 49.3% male; mean age at initiation of treatment was 64.6±SD11.1 years; indications for treatment were MF (77%), PV(17%), other MPNs (6%). Mean baseline weight was 73.6±16.9kg, and was 78.3±8.9kg at 72 weeks (n=71, p<0.001). Mean body mass index (BMI) at baseline was 25.6±4.6kg/m2, and 27.3±5.4kg/m2 at 72 weeks (n=68, p<0.001).The BMI (kg/m2) distribution for underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5-24.9), overweight (25.0-29.9), and obese (>30) at baseline were: 3%, 43%, 41%, and 13%, respectively; at 72 weeks it was 1%, 40%, 34%, and 28%, respectively (p=0.002). At 72 weeks,19% moved up a BMI class from baseline. Next, we investigated the effect of ruxolitinib treatment on BP and glucose concentrations. SBP was 124±15 mmHg at baseline and 129±18 mmHg at 72 weeks, (p=0.042, n=71). DBP was not different between baseline and 72 weeks. Glucose at baseline was 99±28mg/dL and 101±29mg/dL at 72 weeks (p=0.015, n=59). There was no change in the percent of patients with hyperglycemia (glucose ≥200mg/dL) or on treatment for diabetes at baseline (13.6%) and 72 weeks (13.6%). An insufficient number of patients had lipid data available for analysis. Conclusions: Systemic JAK1/2 inhibition was associated with weight gain, the development of obesity, and increased SBP in this cohort of patients. As pharmacological JAK1 and 2 inhibitors are developed and more widely used, it is important to gain a greater understanding of their long-term metabolic consequences.


An enterprise resource planning (ERP) package consists of software to support day-to-day business activities and contains multiple components. System engineers combine the most appropriate software components for system integration using ERP packages. Because component selection is a very di(cid:14)cult task, even for experienced system engineers, there is a demand for machine-learning-based systems that support appropriate component selection by reading the text of requirement speci(cid:12)cations and predicting suitable components. However, su(cid:14)cient prediction accuracy has not been achieved thus far as a result of the sparsity and diversity of training data, which consist of speci(cid:12)cation texts paired with their corresponding components. We implemented round-trip translation at both training and testing times to alleviate the sparsity and diversity problems, adopted pre-trained models to exploit the similarity of text data, and utilized an ensemble of diverse models to take advantage of models for both the original and round-trip translated data. Through experiments with actual project data from ERP system integration, we con(cid:12)rmed that round-trip translation alleviates the problems mentioned above and improves prediction accuracy. As a result, our method achieved su(cid:14)cient accuracy for practical use.


Infectious diseases: HIV: We have papers on the co-existence of Herpes simplex virus type 2 and two other oncoviruses and cervical lesions in women living with HIV in Nigeria3. The authors contend that the high prevalence of SIL in HIV+ women could be associated with viral coinfection. A seminal paper from Gabon4 asserts that the "prevalence of intestinal parasites was higher in HIV seronegative participants but polyparasitism was more frequent in PLHIV. Keeping with HIV and coinfections. Nigeria scientists5 report on the contributions of malaria, helminths, HIV and iron deficiency to anaemia in pregnant women attending an ante-natal clinic. They conclude that malaria and HIV predispose to anaemia more than iron deficiency. They recommend that, even though pregnant women are dewormed and given IPTp for helminths and malaria, there should be complementary routine malaria screening at ANC visits for those with HCT values <33% and those infected with HIV.


Spatial data symbolization is an important method for GIS data visualization. It involves the most computer work in GIS processing. Therefore, to promote the efficiency of spatial data symbolization is vital for enhancing the capability of GIS software. This paper has proposed an algorithm design based on property unit, taking into account the global optimization and symbol object orientation. A property-based data structure and algorithm is also proposed. Application results show that it not only has more advantages over the old algorithm, but also expands the functions of symbolization.


In parasitic life cycles, transmission events, that is, the passage of a parasite from an "upstream" host to a "downstream" host, often involve behavioral adaptations that result in an increase of the chances of the parasite's being actually transmitted. These behaviors stem from evolutionary changes in the parasites' genomes: either the parasites select responses (their own responses or those they provoke in upstream hosts) to stimuli arising from downstream hosts or from the environment where they live, or they select stimuli (arising from themselves, or from alterations they provoke in upstream hosts) that are addressed to downstream hosts. The various processes are differentiated on the basis of behavioral adaptations and illustrated by examples. The difficulty of demonstrating that the traits are actually the result of a selective process favoring transmission and several unresolved questions are discussed.


Results of detailed investigations of ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}{B}^{\mathrm{IV}}$ $({B}^{\mathrm{IV}}=\mathrm{Si},\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Ge},\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Sn})$ compounds and their quasibinary alloys are presented. Our analysis revealed that ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}\mathrm{Si}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}\mathrm{Sn}$ system has the most promising for thermoelectric applications combination of transport properties and band structure features. The $n$-type ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{x}$ solid solutions were studied in broad range of compositions and electron concentration (up to $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{20}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$). Temperature dependencies of figure of merit were determined in temperature range $300\text{--}870\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ using results of simultaneous measurements of Seebeck coefficient, electrical, and thermal conductivities. The alloy of optimized composition has reproducible figure of merit $Z{T}_{\mathrm{max}}=1.1$. The results of the present study are compared with the data for best modern thermoelectrics.


When the court chaplain Wipo produced his Gesta Chuonradi in 1046 as an instruction in kingship for the young Henry III, he prefaced it with an indictment of contemporary writers' laziness in failing to chronicle the deeds of their great men, although convenient models had been provided by pagan authors and Old Testament historians. The latter, in describing David's single combats, Solomon's counsel, Gideon's magnanimity, and the battles of the Maccabees, had created a remarkable series of biographies illustrative of the different ways in which a man could serve the common weal. Their achievement deserved imitation. The main drift of Wipo's argument is unfortunately too broad a theme for discussion here. What concerns us is simply that for him the Maccabees were the archetypes of heroic warriors, and that he expected his audience to be as familiar with their exploits as he was himself.


Halliday's systemic-functional grammar provides an analytical framework for text research.This thesis aims to make an analysis of textual function for the Tang poem sujiandejiang and its English translations with theme-rheme system,information structure and cohesion system.It shows that simultaneous multi-analysis for a text is feasible.


Objective To study the X-ray and CT signs of lung injury in acute ammonia poisoning.Methods The X-ray and CT features of lung in 11 cases of ammonia poisoning were analyzed and all patients were followed up for eight months.Results The X-ray signs of lung in early stage of ammonia poisoning in 11 cases included increased lung markings,lobular pneumonia,pulmonary emphysema and pneumonedema.The X-ray signs of lung in advanced stage of ammonia poisoning in 3 cases included chronic bronchitis,pulmonary interstitial fibrosis,pulmonary bullae and pulmonary heart disease.Conclusions Lung injury caused by severe acute ammonia poisoning is irreversible.


Heat and mass transfer in a one-component gas through a capillary in the field of resonant laser radiation in the presence of pressure and temperature gradients are considered. On the basis of the Boltzmann type kinetic equations in the linear approximation the expression for entropy production is obtained. Kinetic coefficients satisfy the Onsager reciprocity relations at all Knudsen numbers and for any nature of the interaction of gas atoms with the surface of the capillary. The pressure and temperature gradients established in the insulated system in a laser field are defined in a nearly free molecular regime.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the relationship among inventory performance, financial performance (FP) and product quality.

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical analysis is based on two-stage least squares analysis of detailed firm-transaction data from Chinese manufacturing export firms for the period between 2001 and 2013.

Findings
Results show that inventory performance has a positive impact on product quality while using inventory efficiency, inventory productivity and inventory leanness to measure inventory performance. Furthermore, the effect of inventory performance on product quality is found to be partially mediated by FP.

Practical implications
The research provides mangers evidence of the benefits of inventory performance as an antecedent of product quality. Managers without sufficient liquidity or cost advantage to get better FP can achieve product quality improvement through enhancing inventory management performance.

Originality/value
This study first empirically investigates the relationship between inventory performance and product quality, and examines the mediating effect of FP on this relationship.


The overflowing of economic man hypothesis has led to a serious moral crisis.The idea of economic man should return back to is its own field——economic behavior,and moral man should be strengthened in moral behavior so as to realize the coordination of economic man and moral man.


T HE INFANT pictured inFigure1was a 415-g female born at 22 weeks' gestational age to a 17-year-old gravida 2, para 1 mother. The mother's previous pregnancy produced a healthy child. This pregnancy was complicated by a foul-smelling vaginal discharge and abdominal cramps 2 days prior to admission to the hospital. At admission she had a high leukocyte count and fever. After amniocentesis, she was delivered of this female infant, who lived for 8 hours. The placenta weighed 193 g and had necrotizing acute chorioamnionitis (Figure2 and Figure3). All 3 umbilical vessels had vasculitis and funisitis. Airspaces were filled with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Figure4). Amniotic fluid and postmortem cultures grew Haemophilus influenzae biotype 1.


Specifically for two kinds pattern deficiency there existing in the middle applying in management information system,suggests that a kind of combining with C/S and B/S,and makes the improvement going a step further,and constructs a pattern C/S distributed database.Analyses this scheme merit and the feasibility of implementation,and makes a concrete explanation on the application of this scheme in health and medical community industry.


Transaction costs are usually thought to be a major source of inefficiency because they do not allow efficient trades to take place. One might think that lowering transaction costs is always welfare-improving. This paper argues that, in contrast to conventional wisdom, it may be beneficial to increase transaction costs on one side of the market to balance them with the costs on the other side. In the model, transaction costs imposed on applicants serve as a screening device that substantially reduces evaluation costs. Even when application costs are totally wasteful, they arise endogenously in the equilibrium and can result in a welfare improvement.


Disclosed are optical sensing devices and methods for detecting samples using the same. The optical sensing device comprises a source unit configured to generate a polychromatic light beam containing p-polarized and s-polarized components; an interferometric unit configured to split the light beam into a probe beam passing a first path and a reference beam passing a second path and to recombine the probe beam output from the first path and the reference beam output from the second path; a sensing unit disposed in the first path to introduce a first SPR effect associated with a target sample to the probe beam; and a detection unit configured to detect target sample characteristics by obtaining an intensity spectrum of the recombined light beam. The introduction of a polychromatic light source in the optical sensing device increases the detection dynamic range and the detection sensitivity.


Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods CA IX expression in a cohort of 120 patients with ccRCC was evaluated by P-V immunohistochemistry with a rabbit CA IX polyclonal antibody. Twenty-five normal kidney tissues were used as a control. The relationship between CA IX expression and prognosis was analyzed by univariate and multiple-factor analysis (Cox regression model). The primary end point was cancer specific survival. Results One hundred and twelve (93.3%) patients were followed up with the median follow-up time of 45 months (range, 6 to 94 months). Seventy-five patients survived without evidence of tumor recurrence, 3 patients survived with tumor recurrence, and 34 patients died, 28 of the 34 died of cancer. CA IX expression was negative in all normal renal tissue. High CA IX expression was observed in 89 (74.2%) patients, among which 82 patients were followed up, and the disease free survival was 75.6% (62/82). Two (2.4%) patients survived with tumor recurrence, and 18 (22.0%) patients died, of which 13 (15.9%) died of cancer. Tumor recurrence and (or) metastasis occurred in 9 (11.0%) patients, with a median survival of 92 months in this high expression group. Low CA IX expression was observed in 31 (25.8%) patients, among which 30 patients were followed up, and the disease free survival was 43.3% (13/30). One (3.3%) patient survived with tumor recurrence, and 16 (53.3%) patients died, of which 15 (50.0%) died of cancer. Tumor recurrence and (or) metastasis occurred in 8 (26.7%) patients with a median survival of 53 months in this low expression group. Cancer specific survival between CA IX high expression group and low expression group was significantly different (P=0.000, χ2=15.950), and tumor relapse and (or) metastasis rates were significantly different (P=0.040, χ2=4.200). The 1, 3, 5 and 7 year cancer specific survival rates were 95.2%, 83.9%, 81.2% and 78.2% respectively in the high CA IX expression group, and 89.5%, 63.9%, 46.8% and 40.1% respectively in the low expression group. Multivariate analysis with Cox regression model showed that CA IX expression was a prognostic factor (RR=0.186). Conclusions High CA IX expression is negatively correlated with postoperative mortality, relapse and (or) metastasis in ccRCC. CA IX expression could be used as a prognostic biomarker in ccRCC.

Key words:
Kidney neoplasms;  Adenocarcinoma, clear cell;  Carbonic anhydrase IX;  Prognosis


Background: Cancer family history (CFH) could be an effective non-invasive preventive tool for cancer screening. There are limited data on the prevalence of CFH. Objectives: We aimed to estimate a robust population-based prevalence of CFH in southeastern Iran. Methods: This study is a population-based survey. Participants were recruited in a multistage proportional-to-size cluster sampling design. A validated interview form was used, including a pedigree table and a cancer detail table. A positive CFH was defined as a verbal self-report of cancer diagnosis in at least 1 relative. The CFH prevalence was estimated according to age, gender, residential area, relatives' closeness, and cancer type. Estimated prevalence values were corrected for the sensitivity of self-reported CFH in a Monte Carlo-based sensitivity analysis. Results: A total of 2057 interviews with a male-female ratio of 1: 14 were analyzed. The overall prevalence (95% uncertainty level (UL)) of CFH in at least 1 relative (first or second-degree relatives (FDR/SDR)) was 37.06 (27.50, 47.05). The prevalence (95% UL) of CFH in at least 1 female and male FDR was 12.54 (8.62, 17.25) and 11.07 (7.22, 15.34), respectively. The prevalence (95% UL) of a positive history of lung, breast, and colorectal cancers in at least 1 FDR was 2.05 (1.36, 2.90), 1.36 (0.79, 2.08), and 1.23 (0.63, 2.02), respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of positive CFH in FDRs is less than that of developed countries and exceeds 11.8% in the general population of southeastern Iran. CFH taken by general practitioners in routine visits is recommended as a screening tool in this population.


High-temperature dielectric polymers are becoming increasingly desirable for capacitive energy storage in renewable energy utilization, electrified transportation, and pulse power systems. Current dielectric polymers typically require robust aromatic molecular frameworks to ensure structural thermal stability at elevated temperatures. Nevertheless, the introduction of aromatic units compromises electrical insulation owing to pronounced π-π interactions that facilitate electron transport and eliminates the breakdown self-healing property owing to their high carbon content. Herein, we describe an aromatic-free polynorborne copolymer exhibiting an electrical conductivity-two orders of magnitude lower than that of state-of-the-art polyetherimide-at elevated temperatures and high electric fields owing to its large bandgap (∼ 4.64 eV) and short hopping conduction distance (∼ 0.63 nm). Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the copolymer can effectively suppress the excitation of high-field valence electrons. Furthermore, the incorporation of trace semiconductors results in high discharge density (3.73 J cm-3 ) and charge-discharge efficiency (95% at 150°C), outperforming existing high-temperature dielectric polymers. The excellent electrical breakdown self-healing capability of the copolymer film at elevated temperatures further demonstrates its potential for use in dielectric capacitors capable of continuous operation under extreme conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Xerophyta seinei Behnke, K. Kramer & E. Hummel sp. nov. (Velloziaceae), a new species from the Rhodes Matopos National Park in southwestern Zimbabwe, is distinguished by persistent leaf blades concealing the stems, an apex of dark-green leaves with lustrous and glutinous upper surfaces, and a lamina with glands on both surfaces and with non-transcurrent vascular bundles. Its distinctness from other Xerophyta species is also substantiated by specific sieve-element plastids (with a rectangular protein crystal in addition to the angular ones common to Velloziaceae) and by an rbcL-analysis. The morphology and leaf anatomy of the new species are compared to those of other members of the family and, in particular, of Xerophyta species known from the area.


The present study investigates the relationships between anxiety,perceived classroom achievement goal and personal achievement goal orientations. Some middle school students are required to complete a set of questionnaires. The results indicate that anxiety can affect personal achievement goal orientations through classroom achievement goal indirectly. Low state anxiety can affect personal mastery-approach goal through perceived classroom mastery goal,and high trait anxiety affect personal mastery-avoidance goal,personal performance-approach goal and personal performance-avoidance goal through perceived classroom performance goal.


In the title compound, catena-poly[lithium-μ 3 -ethylenediphosphonato], [Li(C 2 H 7 O 6 P 2 )] n , the supramolecular monoclinic (C2/c) structure consists of one-dimensional lithium chains [Li···Li = 2.7036 (8) A] that are embedded within ethylenediphosphonate anions linked by strong symmetric hydrogen bonds [O···O = 2.473 (3) A]. The Li atoms and the H atom in the symmetric hydrogen bond reside on twofold rotation axes and there is an inversion center at the mid-point of the C-C bond of the ethylenediphosphonate ligand.


This work evaluates the potential for obtaining graphitizable precursors from domestically available coal as a possible solution to the declining availability of high-quality precursors and projected rapid growth driven by demand for synthetic graphite in the US. The graphitizability of a coal-derived synthetic pitch (Synpitch) obtained by a novel solvent extraction process is compared with a commercially available petroleum pitch. The process outlined in this paper offers the advantages of lower temperature, pressure, and hydrogen addition requirement. An upgraded (higher H/C) aromatic pitch with low quinoline insoluble (QI) and ash content is obtained. The distinctions between the pitches have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry. The pitches have been graphitized at 2500 °C and characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy for graphitic quality assessment. The Synpitch showed larger crystallites (by over 50%) and markedly better nanostructure compared to the commercial pitch used in this study. The structural differences between the pitches are highlighted here to explain the significantly better graphitic quality of the Synpitch.


When international medical response teams landed in the Philippines after Typhoon Haiyan, they had to act as professional humanitarian responders. Medical responders to disasters can help best when they are well prepared and function as part of a coordinated effort.