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by Sylvia Gaston
If you are raising kids, or have raised kids, you know that there are distinct phases of their lives that present their own joys and challenges.
Infants bring indescribable love as well as sleep deprivation like you've never, ever known.
Toddlers are on the go and exploring everything around them. But this can also be when a defiant human emerges.
Preschoolers are fiercely independent and curious-er and curious-er.
Elementary – I call this the sweet spot………they still like you and are self-sufficient enough to make life just a little bit easier.
How about them Junior High and High schoolers? Hang on, parents, it's about to get bumpy - for them and for you.
Emerging Adulthood is a whole new ball game and each child and their situation looks a little different. Parents are still vital in their lives as they explore their next steps.
Adult Children – who knew we would still do important parenting stuff through this stage, too?
Each of these phases brings the highest highs and desperate lows. No handbook, no way to prepare for the unknown, and no two kids are alike. What worked for one, is a complete fail with the other.
I remember waiting with great anticipation for the next phase, focusing on the difficulties of the current one. I thought, "If I can just make it through night feedings (or diapers, or chasing, rescuing, puberty, peer pressure, dating, you fill in the _______________), the next phase is sure to be easier."
Why did I ever think that? Each phase came with it's own NEW set of challenges and struggles.
Luckily I realized early on, if I was always in a rush and looking to the next phase I would miss the beauty of the current phase. So I developed a personal habit of clicking "Kodak moments" in my head. I captured in my mind, if not on camera, the sweet moments that I never wanted to forget – the delight of each of my babies at their respective phase of life.
I created mental memory books of Bryan, Justus, Mackenzie and Seth – as well as the other children that God brought into our lives. Those kids that hung around ours, spent time at our house, and became "our" kids too – in our hearts.
Special events…*click*. Family moments…*click*. Laughter, accomplishments, struggles…*click*, *click*, *click* - our Kodak moments.
And, oh the struggles! What family doesn't or hasn't had them? Don't believe your social media feed. We all present to the world the best of our family. And there's nothing wrong with that. I, personally, think it's OK to use social media as a personal parent brag book. But I do not fool myself into thinking that it is the whole picture of ANY family – including mine.
So what did my dear husband and I do to survive the struggles that each phase brought? We hit our knees! (Well, not really – I actually only occasionally pray on my knees J) But, PRAY, we did! And, DO!
I've said it before…who can survive marriage, parenthood, or life without God? I pray to the One who knows all, sees all, and still loves us all. Without Him, I would have given up long ago.
Even now, with my children in high school, emerging adulthood, and adulthood – I know that I still have much to survive (!) and much to offer them. I can't do either of those things very well without God.
So, I pray. I confide in, cry to, seek wisdom and advice from God in Heaven who loves my kids, and the phase they're in, even more than I do.
The Bible says, "We do not know what to do but we are looking to You for help." (2 Chronicles 20:12)
Remember, they're just phases…but they last our entire lifetime. Don't try to do it alone.


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But, of course, this is only my opinion... Gets my click anyway, as does the previous one!
All the very best
my answer to the question is if I had to chose I prefer this one for its more subtle tones. But.. having said that, there's a bit of a blue or magenta leaning in this one whereas I actually prefer the greenier tones of the last. Either way it's a lovely comp. is it Tuscany or therabouts?
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John, what are you doing? John, my diet soda. What are you doing? Votes: 4CM Punk
My New Year's resolution is to cut my diet sodas down to two cans a day! Votes: 4Eric Ripert
I'm not on a diet. And it's funny cause people go 'Well, then why do you drink diet soda?' So I can eat regular cake. Votes: 4Gabriel Iglesias
I was going to sip on a diet soda, but a little voice convinced me I needed the extra calcium from a cup of hot chocolate. Votes: 4Cathy Guisewite
To live in Metropolis was to know that the exceptional was as commonplace as diet soda, that abnormality was the popcorn norm. Votes: 3Salman Rushdie
Diet cola is my absolute favorite drink in the world; I used to drink four cans a day. But to help me cut down, I've turned it into a treat. Now, instead of having dessert, I'll have a can of diet soda. Putting a limit on how often I can drink it has helped me appreciate it more. Votes: 3Kaley Cuoco
My kids know there's no candy, no soda, until the weekend. Those are the days they get to indulge in their sweets. We're big on organic food. I'm not a diet guy; I don't believe in diets. I just believe in a great meal plan. Votes: 1Donald Driver
I hate the gym, so I try to diversify my workouts with swimming and basketball. Indoors, it's less boring than running. I do find that diet is key. I eat lots of lean protein, no soda, no fast food or fried foods, and a lot of water. But I love food and often cook. Votes: 1Mike Colter
I should have titled it "Diet Like Your Life Depended On It!" because it's about so much more than just beating Diabetes. Votes: 3 Russell Stamets


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International Cooperation to End Tax Crimes Crucial for Achieving Sustainable Growth Agenda, Speakers Say as Development Financing Forum Concludes
The global movement under way to stamp out international tax fraud was central to ending the booming illegal cross-border flow of money and capital obstructing realization of the Sustainable Development Goals, the Economic and Social Council heard today, as it wrapped up its Forum on Financing for Development follow-up with a series of expert panel discussions and related events.
Since the financial crisis, there had been a growing awareness of international tax crimes, said Eric C. Hylton, Executive Director of International Operations for the Internal Revenue Service's Criminal Investigations in the United States, during an expert discussion on Promoting international cooperation to combat illicit financial flows in order to foster sustainable development.
This has never been the case in my 20 something years, Mr. Hylton said, stressing that since 2009, the Internal Revenue Service had aggressively pursued international finance institutions helping people from the United States evade taxes. The Service's forensics accountants were experts at following the money, he emphasized, specializing in illicit financial flows, international criminal tax evasion and money-laundering.
Illicit finance and tax evasion was an area in which the Service could help Governments increase revenue, he stressed, adding: It doesn't make a lot of sense to have development aid if it's coming in one door and going out the other, he said, describing it as a national security issue and noting that two thirds of criminal activity related to tax evasion.
Tax avoidance was central to illicit financial flows and hindered gross domestic product (GDP) particularly in lower-income countries, said Alex Cobham, Director of the Tax Justice Network. Financial secrecy underpinned every major corruption and tax abuse case around the world, from the British Virgin Islands to Delaware, characterized by opaque corporate accounting that covered profit shifting and tax avoidance.
We see increasingly, not least within the ongoing process to develop targets in the Sustainable Development Goals, efforts to remove multinational tax avoidance from the definition of illicit financial flows, he said.
In 2007, the Network created a Financial Secrecy Index that identified jurisdictions, like Switzerland, as central to producing corrupt flows elsewhere, he said. While the United States had worked to break the Swiss commitment to banking secrecy, international cooperation was essential to require a fully multilateral approach.
In the last 50 years, illicit financial flows had cost sub-Saharan African countries $528 billion, lamented S.O. Olaniyan, Deputy Director, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Nigeria, who added that his country was losing an estimated $15.7 billion annually, more than what the continent received in official development assistance (ODA).
Domestic resource mobilization was the most crucial element to national sustainable development efforts, which could be achieved by blocking illicit financial flows that were aided by bad governance, corruption and weak institutions, he stressed. In that context, it was imperative for African countries to overhaul their financial services and investment engineering.
The question of why Africa was among the richest continents in terms of natural resources but poorest in terms of income had led to a 2010 event in Malawi, said Adam Elhiraika, Director, Macroeconomic Policy Division, Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), adding that a High-level Panel on Illicit Financial Flows, chaired by Thabo Mbeki, former President of South Africa, was formed afterward.
The Panel's main finding was that Africa lost $80 billion annually and resources must be better managed, while State capacity must be improved, he said. Furthermore, the Panel had found that 65 per cent of illicit financial flows out of Africa were due to abusive trade mispricing, while 30 per cent were due to criminal activities and 5 per cent due to outright corruption.
During the day, the Council also held an expert round table on Trade, science, technology, innovation and capacity-building and an expert discussion on The specific challenges to finance sustainable development for countries in special situations.
In addition, the Council held an interactive dialogue with civil society, the business sector and other stakeholders and received updates on the outcomes of the forums mandated by the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, as well as key voluntary initiatives launched at the Third International Conference on Financing for Development.
At the end of the meeting, the Forum approved its draft report and the Council President, Frederick Musiiwa Makamure Shava (Zimbabwe), made closing remarks.
The Economic and Social Council will reconvene at a date and time to be announced.
Expert Round Table I
The first expert round table under the theme Trade, science, technology, innovation and capacity-building was moderated by Chantal Line Carpentier, Chief, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) New York Office. The panellists included: Ratnakar Adhikari, Executive Director, Enhanced Integrated Framework, Nepal; Mark Henderson, Directorate General for Trade, European Commission; Sirimali Fernando, Chairperson, National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka; and Joon Kim, Head of Global Trade, BNY Mellon.
Ms. CARPENTIER noted there had been a persistent slowdown in global trade growth, as the world was experiencing its slowest decade of trade growth in 70 years. At the same time, slowing international trade had raised concerns about de-globalization and had been compounded by political scrutiny of trade, especially in Europe and North America, where trade had taken on a central role in a number of electoral contests, creating divisions between those who were pro- and anti-globalization. From the perspective of UNCTAD, too much of the trade focused on rules and negotiations, giving the impression that trade could not promote development unless there were rules changes. The role of technology in financing for development was also at risk with a deepening digital divide, which had manifested itself in a sharpening digital economy divide. Whether the dislocation of jobs and the painful economic adjustment many countries were experiencing in recent decades was due to expanding international trade or to technological changes was central to the debate about globalization.
Mr. ADHIKARI noted that the Enhanced Integrated Framework was a small global development programme dedicated to the least developed countries and others that had recently graduated from that status. The Framework represented a partnership of major international actors, working in collaboration with the World Bank, the United Nations, the International Trade Centre (ITC) and others. To date, it had funded more than 150 projects with a total of $200 million. The global community had recognized trade as key to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as it was directly related to at least 11 targets under nine of the Sustainable Development Goals, and was indirectly related to nearly all of the Goals. Much more must be done to boost the trade capacities of the least developed countries, which suffered from poor infrastructure, outdated technology, limited access to finance and low production capacities. It was important to continue to ensure that investment in aid for trade worked towards development that was sustainable in the long term. The Framework had also worked to help build more resilience, diversified production capacities and structural transformation for States that had recently graduated from least developed status.
Mr. HENDERSON said there were many examples of how the European Union's trade policy contributed to development through bilateral and regional trade agreements. The bloc continued to be the largest donor of aid for trade, with more than Euros 12 billion in 2014. The stronger the trade investment relations the Union had with partners, the more it could tailor its aid offers. Such partnerships worked and helped countries boost exports towards higher-yield arrangements. He recalled that zero tariff arrangements had allowed for greater recognition of the key role of trade as one of the means of implementation for the Goals, as established by the Addis Ababa Action Agenda and Sustainable Development Goal 17. But the Unions' efforts did not stop there. Its Trade for All was the first policy adopted after agreement had been reached on the 2030 Agenda, and laid out the specific means through which the Union's trade policy would directly support and reinforce sustainable development.
Ms. FERNANDO emphasized that Sri Lanka's current trade environment was of some concern. The majority of the country's exports were made up of commodity items and low-technology products, which highlighted the need to move towards higher-end technologies. The country hoped to increase high-tech exports from the current level of 1 per cent to 10 per cent by 2020. Sri Lanka recognized the imperative of trade and had put in place a science, technology and innovation strategy that was geared towards rapid socioeconomic development. The strategy took into account the need for economic development, social justice and environmental quality through capacity-building and technological entrepreneurship. Investment was needed in research and development and a scaling up of technology, which would then result in industrial and commercial production, and finally, market penetration. Skills, infrastructure, systems and processes would all need to be financed and developed.
Mr. JOON noted that the relationship between trade and finance had been traversing a challenging landscape over the last few years, although bankers were doing everything possible to promote trade finance going forward. Since the financial crisis, bankers were trying to derisk, which was an effort to move away from particular countries or regions once doing business there became less cost-efficient. Part of that dynamic was due to increased costs associated with changes made to the regulatory landscape. There were significant impediments to trade finance, including low country credit ratings and regulatory requirements. Bankers were trying to innovate and provide technology solutions so that trade transactions could be done in the most efficient manner. There was no question that trade finance was operating in a challenging environment, but with the right collaborative effort whereby the bankers were working in harmony with other stakeholders, there could be a bright future in the trade finance arena.
In the ensuing discussion, a member of civil society expressed concern that the financing for development conversation had focused primarily on the private sector and failed to take into account the situation of workers. In response to a question from the representative of Mexico on how the move towards higher-end technologies impacted human capital, Ms. FERNANDO noted that at the outset, her country had to develop programmes to scale up the capacities of workers, adding that one positive development was that the country had been able to bring back some of their highly skilled expatriates thanks to new high-tech jobs that had been created. A representative of the business sector stressed that trade was a powerful vehicle for sustainable development and supported broad deployment of innovative technologies. In response to a question from the representative of Algeria on the growing trend towards protectionism, Mr. JOON said that the creation of more restrictive trade measures had resulted in many businesses focusing more inward on domestic opportunities.
Also speaking were the representatives of Chile, Nepal and the International Trade Centre.
Expert Discussion I
The Forum then began an expert discussion on Promoting international cooperation to combat illicit financial flows in order to foster sustainable development. Moderated by Simone Monasebian, Director, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), New York Office, it featured presentations by: Eric C. Hylton, Executive Director, International Operations, Internal Revenue Service � Criminal Investigations, United States; S.O. Olaniyan, Deputy Director, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Nigeria; Adam Elhiraika, Director, Macroeconomic Policy Division, Economic Commission for Africa (ECA); and Alex Cobham, Director, Tax Justice Network.
Ms. MONASEBIAN said General Assembly resolution 71/213 on illicit financial flows urged States to join the United Nations Convention against Corruption, while the Forum's outcome document, adopted on 24 May, likewise called for more cooperation on that issue. UNODC worked with States to prevent illicit financial flows. Existing normative frameworks to prevent corruption or money-laundering must be more effectively used to combat illicit financial flows. The return of stolen assets was provided for under the Convention, for which UNODC was custodian, and work was under way to prevent such flows through assistance to countries to strengthen anti-money-laundering regimes, enhance enforcement systems and return proceeds from stolen assets. We still have to overcome the challenges posed by our different systems, she said.
Mr. HYLTON said he was the only United States authority that could bring criminal charges. Since the financial crisis, there had been a global movement to address international criminal tax. Many leaders were talking about the issue. This has never been the case in my 20 something years, he said. Internal Revenue Service forensics accountants were experts at following the money, and looking at illicit financial flows, international criminal tax evasion and money-laundering. Since 2009, the Service had aggressively pursued international finance institutions helping people from the United States evade tax. Illicit finance and tax evasion was an area in which the Service could help Governments increase revenue. It doesn't make a lot of sense to have development aid if it's coming in one door and going out the other, he said. It was a national security issue. About 40 countries participated in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Task Force on Tax Crimes and Other Financial Crimes, and the fifth OECD forum on tax and crime would be held in November. Advocating a whole-of-Government approach, he said two thirds of criminal activity related to tax evasion. The United States was working in joint investigation teams, comprised of competent judicial and law-enforcement authorities, which were established for a limited duration to carry out criminal investigations.
Mr. OLANIYAN said illicit financial flows originated from such behaviour as tax evasion, abusive transfer pricing, drug trade, illegal arms deals, money-laundering and theft by corrupt Government officials. In the last 50 years, sub-Saharan African countries had lost $528 billion. Nigeria was losing an estimated $15.7 billion annually, more than what the continent received in official development assistance (ODA). Illicit financial flows were aided by bad governance, corruption and weak institutions. It was imperative for African countries to overhaul their financial services and investment engineering. Domestic resource mobilization was the most crucial element to national sustainable development efforts, which could be achieved by blocking illicit financial flows. One area of inequality was tax-related: Many developing countries failed to raise domestic revenue to meet their needs, he said, citing abject poverty, poor infrastructure, and underdeveloped health and education sectors in that context. Global efforts to reduce illicit financial flows included transparent information-sharing, assets recovery, and observance of the arm-length principle, whereby a company could show it was not involved in abusive transfer pricing. Nigeria's efforts to combat illicit financial flows had enhanced the Ministry of Finance, the Central Bank of Nigeria, the Economic and Financial Crime Commission, the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Offenses Commission, and the Code of Conduct Bureau and Tribunal. It also had consolidated all inflows from all national agencies into a single account in the Central Bank. Nigeria was committed to sustained international cooperation and would host a conference from 5 to 7 June on that topic.
Mr. ELHIRAIKA said the question of why Africa was among the richest continents in terms of natural resources but poorest in terms of income had led to a 2010 event in Malawi to tackle that question. A High-Level Panel on Illicit Financial Flows, chaired by Thabo Mbeki, former President of South Africa, was formed afterward. Its main finding was that Africa lost $80 billion annually and resources must be better managed. State capacity remained a major issue. For years, African countries had lost the capacity to manage their economies. Global coalitions must also be built to support them. The Panel had found that 65 per cent of illicit financial flows out of Africa were due to abusive trade mispricing; 30 per cent were due to criminal activities and 5 per cent to outright corruption. It recommended that a working group and consortium be formed to follow-up on its recommendations, and African Heads of State were requested to present annual reports. The Consortium to Stem Illicit Financial Flows out of Africa was set up, with a focus on advisory services and capacity-building for African Governments; public and diplomatic advocacy campaigns, and building customs and tax data bases. The issue of tax incentives, which did not really work, must also be addressed.
Mr. COBHAM said that the Tax Justice Network was created in 2003 because international policy discussions on the issues of tax and financial transparency had not reflected the scale of the problem. While now increasingly discussed, policies had not been delivered in a manner that ensured full inclusion. He raised the alarm about a political threat � attempts to subvert global international agreement underpinning the Goals. The illicit flows agenda had emerged as an opposition to a view of corruption which, at the time, had been seen as a problem mainly in lower-income countries. In 2007, the Network had created a Financial Secrecy Index that identified jurisdictions, like Switzerland, as central to producing corrupt flows elsewhere. They were the central driver of the problem. Financial secrecy underpinned every major corruption and tax abuse case around the world, from the British Virgin Islands to Delaware, characterized by opaque corporate accounting that covered profit shifting and tax avoidance. While the United States had worked to break the Swiss commitment to banking secrecy, international cooperation was essential to require a fully multilateral approach.
We see increasingly, not least within the ongoing process to develop targets in the Sustainable Development Goals, efforts to remove multinational tax avoidance from the definition of illicit financial flows, he said, despite that it was the biggest element in those flows. It was a bigger problem in lower-income countries in terms of impact on gross domestic product (GDP). It was under pressure to be removed from the target. The other problem was that, despite the formation of a high-level United Nations panel, avoidance was central to the use of illicit financial flows. When sustainable development target 16.4 was agreed, avoidance had been included. [Target 16.4 calls for significantly reducing illicit financial and arms flows, strengthening recovery and return of stolen assets, and combating all forms of organized crime.] Now, there were efforts to remove it. It was possible that the target could subvert the entire global agreement contained in the Sustainable Development Goals and questions now centred on whether the United Nations could establish a tax commission to oversee such issues.
In the ensuing interactive discussion, Nigeria's delegate underscored the need for an intergovernmental body to handle the matter raised by Mr. COBHAM, which was an attempt to water down illicit financial flows. He requested that in terms of forensic activity, the Internal Revenue Service could help countries tackle financial secrecy so that the issue of impunity could be addressed. Ghana's delegate said tax incentives had not worked as planned, but politicians had engaged in such incentives because it was a race to the bottom: if one country did not do it, it would not keep up with its neighbours. Multinationals threatened to move to a neighbouring country and she asked about the role of regional bodies to ensure countries did not engage in such behaviour. She also asked about double taxation agreements. Ethiopia's delegate advocated greater global cooperation and a better understanding of what illicit financial flows constituted. Ecuador's delegate underscored the need for an intergovernmental body on illicit financial flows, and asked about the next steps for strengthening cooperation on tax matters, as called for in Addis Ababa. South Africa's delegate asked why trillions of dollars flowed to safe havens, and whether the United States and other developed countries had a code of conduct for their own multinationals to do business in other countries.
Mr. OLANIYAN replied that if African resources were flowing to other places, then all countries had a responsibility to address that issue.
Mr. HYLTON said that capacity-building training was being conducted throughout the world. On double taxation, he said United States citizens were taxed on their global income.
Mr. ELHIRAIKA replied that there was a need for more coordination and an international body to address that issue.
Mr. COBHAM said major financial secrecy jurisdictions were good at paying lip service and not delivering change. We need indicators that measure the degree of cooperation, he said. It was also important to think about how countries could cooperate to eliminate the race to the bottom. One idea was to consider, regionally, the development of a minimum corporate tax, and setting aside OECD rules, which could have dramatic revenue effects.
Expert Discussion II
The Forum then held an expert discussion on The specific challenges to finance sustainable development for countries in special situations. Moderated by Magdy Martinez-Soliman, Assistant Administrator and Director, Bureau for Policy and Programme Support, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), it featured presentations by: Tevita Lavemaau, Minister of Finance and National Planning, Tonga; Nim Dorji, Finance Secretary, Ministry of Finance, Bhutan; Margarida Rose da Silva Izata, Director of Multilateral Affairs, Ministry of External Relations, Angola; and William Jose Calvo Calvo, Deputy Chief Negotiator for Climate Change and Sustainable Development Official, Costa Rica.
Mr. MARTA�NEZ-SOLIMA�N said this year's outcome document underscored the need to focus efforts on where the challenges were the greatest. The session would focus on strengthening private investment, ensuring graduation was smooth and countries retained financing in terms appropriate to their needs, and supporting countries with structural constraints. More than 50 per cent of UNDP resources were allocated to least developed countries, and it helped countries prepare for graduation by identifying requirements and promoting South-South cooperation.
Mr. LAVEMAAU said small island developing States faced considerable structural constraints in efforts to mobilize domestic resources for sustainable development, due largely to their small and dispersed populations, which made revenue collection difficult, high costs of service provision and infrastructure investment, large agriculture and informal sectors, trade liberalization that had eroded tax bases, and vulnerability to climate change impacts. International support was essential for boosting domestic tax systems, as was political commitment for reform in those States. Tonga's tax revenues comprised 22 per cent of its GDP, higher than the small island developing State 19 per cent average. To help combat non-communicable diseases it had increased taxes on tobacco, fatty food and sugary beverages. However, tax revenues could contribute much more if they were mobilized effectively. There was wide variation in the capacity of small island developing States to mobilize domestic resources. While some had managed to broaden their personal income tax base, many relied on such indirect taxation as value-added and sales taxes, which could be regressive. For Tonga, he advocated increased international support to review the tax system with a focus on consumption tax, build capacity to improve tax revenue administration and compliance, promote South-South cooperation, strengthen public financial management and upgrade technology systems.
Mr. DORJI said least developed countries were literally at the bottom of the development ladder, with the Inter-Agency Task Force on Financing for Development report citing the need for more progress in the seven action areas of the Addis Agenda. In Bhutan, a least developed and landlocked country, low productivity, inadequate infrastructure, a weak private sector, reliance on commodities and capacity constraints were just some of the challenges, along with vulnerability to climate change impacts. Yet, its comparative advantages of political stability, rule of law, good governance and a focus on environmental and cultural conservation had helped Bhutan achieve good economic progress. To reach the next development phase, all financial instruments must be tapped. While foreign direct investment and investment promotion regimes had the potential to bring about transformative change, on this, I'm afraid the news is not very encouraging, he lamented. Generally, the total share of foreign direct investment in least developed countries was low and had been concentrated in very few countries. To reverse that trend, it was important to start with the right policy framework to ensure that the growth sectors were aligned with the development vision. To address capacity constraints, it would be useful to have a nodal investment promotion agency to help least developed countries with advisory and technical support. It was also important to inject confidence and predictability into the graduation process, with partners adopting smooth graduation as a development priority and accommodating the reality that abrupt withdrawal of international support could endanger hard-won gains.
Ms. DA SILVA IZATA said Angola was transitioning smoothly from a least developed to a middle-income country, and it was important that the graduation process did not jeopardize its development. While each country had primary responsibility for its economic and social development, international finance played an important role in complementing countries' efforts to mobilize domestic public resources. Advocating that investment promotion regimes in least developed countries be strengthened, she said support in tax collection enhanced domestic enabling environments and built public services. While the international community recognized the unique needs of countries in special situations, such as small island developing States and landlocked least developed countries, it was paramount to enhance international cooperation to benefit developing country growth. The Global Environment Facility was a vital platform to address such concerns, and she advocated grant and concessional resources be provided to support such projects in countries such as Angola.
Also, efforts to create a Technology Facilitation Mechanism, called for in Addis Ababa, must be stepped up, she said. The same was true for a technology bank for least developed countries. She welcomed market access efforts, and suggested revision of the European Union's everything but arms preferential trade scheme to enable all least developed countries to profit from it. How many LDCs [least developed countries] are really exporting to the EU [European Union], she asked? Angola was preparing a zero draft on lessons learned, outlining gains and losses related to the graduation process at the sector level, with coordination by the Ministry of Planning and Territorial Development. By July, Angola would start consultations with the private sector, non-profits and academics, addressing those perspectives and highlighting possible implications of the process.
Mr. CALVO said middle-income countries faced specific challenges to achieve the 2030 Agenda. Efforts should be made to foster an exchange of experiences, as well as provide better support from the United Nations development system and international financial institutions. Those bodies must consider the diverse needs of middle-income countries in a tailored manner in relevant policies and strategies. The middle-income country category created by the World Bank was inaccurate and harmful. The United Nations must take a more comprehensive approach that recognized their diverse realities, especially as similar criteria were used by OECD. Middle-income countries promoted implementation of Addis Agenda paragraph 129 to develop transparent measurements of progress based on recognizing sustainable development in a manner that went beyond simply measuring per capita income. Some United Nations agencies, including UNDP, had developed multidimensional criteria that captured the realities in those countries. Noting that by 2030, 28 Latin American countries would graduate to middle-income country status, he said the Forum should create a road map for a new United Nations strategy that considered such needs. There had been concerns over whether it should be a strategy or action plan, but the name is not important here, he said. Rather, system-wide guidelines must be developed to help middle-income countries achieve the 2030 and Addis Agendas. Graduation policies, which were unfair and lacked consistency with the Goals, must be adjusted to middle-income countries' experiences. Within the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, countries had proposed designing a platform for a sustainable development transition.
In the ensuing discussion, Zambia's delegate said landlocked developing countries faced unique challenges stemming from their geography, resulting in trade costs that were three times higher than for coastal countries. Measures to address such structural constraints included assistance in building tax bases and enhancing productive capacities, especially in the transport sector, along with trade facilitation and efforts to strengthen accountability. She underscored the importance of capacity-building to create bankable projects and design policies that supported sustainable infrastructure investment. Mexico's delegate said the financing for development agenda was one of cooperation, which developing countries could use to leverage their resources to achieve the Goals. He asked the panellists about building a system that was not a zero-sum game of ODA, but rather included concessional flows, green funds, and South-South cooperation. A balance was needed to ensure all countries received the support that best suited them.
Honduras' delegate stressed the importance of moving beyond an income understanding of development, while Bangladesh's delegate expressed disappointment that the Forum had failed to address implementation of the Paris Agreement on climate change or refer to climate finance or access to it. She outlined various trade challenges, including market access. The European Union delegate said the bloc, the largest market for least developed country products, could boost their exports by up to 10 per cent. He recognized that market access alone was not enough; aligning development assistance was the number one priority in the review of the European Union Aid-for Trade strategy.
Stakeholder Dialogue
Moderated by Alexander Trepelkov, Director of the Financing for Development Office, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the speakers for the stakeholder dialogue included Stefano Prato, Society for International Development; Emilia Reyes, Equidad de Genero; Hui Chan, Citi Bank; Wild Ndipo, Mayor of Blantyre, Malawi; and Daviz Simango, Mayor of Beira, Mozambique.
Mr. TREPELKOV recalled that civil society, the private sector, parliamentarians and local authorities had been involved in the financing for development process since its inception. With their diverse voices and priorities, those stakeholders had provided substantive inputs to both the ministerial and expert segments, as panellists, moderators, keynote speakers and with many thoughtful contributions from the floor. The stakeholder dialogue would draw on the important work of civil society, the private sector and local authorities in collaboration with the United Nations.
Mr. PRATO noted that civil society was concerned with ensuring that necessary, critical actions were taken to unlock the capacity for sustainable development. In that regard, there was a need to change the existing business model. There was a gap between what was legal and what would be adequate to reach the Goals. Civil society was duly concerned with all cases in which the private sector was called to deliver on public goods and services. Public interest should be the primary factor when framing such initiatives. While including the public sector in the pursuit of the 2030 Agenda was welcome, efforts must be made to ensure that public policy spaces were protected from conflict of interest and that the integrity of policy processes were maintained. He recalled that when analysing the area in which public and private sectors interfaced, there was a specific call in the Addis Agenda to establish a set of guidelines with respect to public-private partnerships.
Ms. REYES said that rather than addressing individual problems, her organization was seeking to identify the points of entry that would change the interconnections between those problems. In that regard, gender equality had a crucial role. If there was a large-scale value placed on women's unpaid, domestic care work, there would not be enough money in the world to pay for all such work that women performed. Women's human rights should not be commodified and there needed to be a change in the narrative that sustainable development could be achieved if women were included. Her organization had called for comprehensive fiscal measures with a clear gender perspective. Women's empowerment alone was not enough to address the issues surrounding human rights. As had been said by others, the negative repercussions of illicit financial flows had an impact on gender equality.
Ms. HUI said that Citi promoted innovative financing for development through various mechanisms. The funding needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals was estimated at $4.5 to $6 trillion annually. Given those huge requirements, there would need to be an increase in ODA, although the only way to fill the expected funding gap was by working with the private sector. The good news was that there was no shortage of private-sector capital. While there had been momentum in the current scale and pace of private-sector investment, those efforts would still not produce the money needed. Without appropriate risk mitigation, private-sector investment would continue to fall short. There must be a move beyond traditional financing systems and philanthropy to create new investment opportunities that would attract private-sector capital. Moreover, without profits and returns, the level of private sector investment would remain far below what was needed. Blended finance � the strategic use of private finance to deliver social, environmental and economic benefit � was one viable and important option. The United Nations should involve the private sector early on and make it a partner for designing solutions.
Mr. NDIPO said that the common challenge was to reach the Goals, which would require more strategic investment and partnerships. There was an urgent need to empower local governments by bringing them into policy design. Efforts must be made to give local and regional governments the means to mobilize resources. From the perspective of local governments, new innovative partnerships must be designed to link finance to local needs. The dialogue between the various levels of governments must be enhanced. He was pleased to report that the public-private partnership environment was taking shape in Malawi, as was evident in several on-going projects. Cities had become anchors for international trade and national economies. To promote a more balanced development framework there must be a fairer distribution of public revenues across the various levels of government. In Malawi local governments did not have the ability to maximize local potential due to a lack of power to manage land use and taxes.
Mr. SIMANGO recalled that through the 2030 Agenda, the international community had committed itself to improve ways to invest in people in the areas where they lived and worked, to support liveable cities, towns and rural areas and include local governments in that partnership. Local governments often saw decisions made on the national level without taking into account local realities. The majority of cities in less-developed countries had a lack of resources and capacities. Local governments would be a game changer when it came to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. His city in Mozambique, Beira, had managed to leverage some international funds when creating its long-term development plan. The international community would not be able to meet the tremendous challenges ahead if cities were unable to access long-term, external resources. Reaching local governments could be a powerful way to generate development cooperation. The world would not be able to reach its development objectives if investment in local and regional governments were not empowered to move beyond the short-term.
In the ensuing discussion, the representative of Mozambique questioned how the resources of the public sector should be harnessed to address the needs of the most vulnerable members of society. A member of civil society expressed concern that the Addis Agenda follow-up lacked specific references to emerging issues such as austerity, ecological risks, tax reform, stranded assets and military expenditures, as well as others. Furthermore, there were limited references to youth in the follow-up. Another member of civil society emphasized that he did not share the same enthusiasm for public-private partnership as had been expressed by the panellists, stressing that there was a severe lack of understanding about those complex schemes, which largely fed the shadow banking system.
Mr. PRATO said there was a blurring of what was public, what was private, and who was responsible for which tasks. He went on to emphasize that the public interest must remain paramount.
Ms. REYES said there was great emphasis placed on getting more money, but she questioned what was happening with the money that was already circulating, citing illicit financial flows, tax avoidance and corruption as major issues of concern.
Ms. HUI stressed that reaching the most vulnerable would require particular focus on partnerships and risk mitigation, as well as bringing all actors together to structure solutions that worked.
Mr. NDIPO said one challenge was that most lending institutions did not trust local councils.
Mr. SIMANGO said his city had already managed to enjoy some success in garnering private-sector investment for various projects.
Presentation of Outcomes from Addis Agenda Forums
The Forum then heard presentations on the progress made in forums mandated by the Addis Agenda and key voluntary initiatives launched at the Third International Conference on Financing for Development. Moderated by Alexander Trepelkov, Director, Financing for Development Office, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, it featured presentations by: Carlota Cenalmore, Acting Representative of the European Investment Bank; Luis Miguel Castilla, Manager, Office of Strategic Planning and Development Effectiveness, Inter-American Development Bank; Shantanu Mukherjee, Chief, Policy and Analysis Branch, Division for Sustainable Development, Department of Economic and Social Affairs; and F.M.M. Shava, President, Economic and Social Council.
Mr. TREPELKOV said the session would look at the contribution of mandated fora to the Addis Agenda.
Mr. CASTILLA reported on the outcome of the Second Global Infrastructure Forum, which took place in Washington, D.C., on 22 April. With 650 participants from nearly 70 countries, the spectrum of stakeholders included Governments, the private sector, academia, civil society and multilateral development banks, as well as the OECD and the United Nations. Discussions focused on how multilateral development banks worked with regional financial institutions to catalyse public and private resources for infrastructure. There was broad agreement that plenty of resources existed to finance sustainable infrastructure, such as pension funds. Multilateral development banks had been created to mobilize private capital and could bridge gaps. Planning, good project preparation and the engagement of all parties from the start was critical to success. For their part, multilateral development banks and Governments had a key role to play, he said, noting that adaptability was an increasingly important aspect to sustainability. Government willingness to show long-term commitment was also essential, as infrastructure assets required significant up-front costs. New sectors and lesser developed countries presented some of the best opportunities. For the first time, the Forum held a plenary session on the topic of diversity, which could lead to better policy outcomes.
Ms. CENALMORE, also reporting on the Infrastructure Forum outcome, outlined progress made by multilateral development banks since last year, highlighting a spirit of partnership. Compared to last year, the number of joint initiatives had substantially increased. This trend will continue, she said, noting that the key role of the private sector had been recognized and included in the agenda of multilateral development banks. The outcome document had set priorities for the immediate and long-term future up to 2030. Noting that national development banks, including from Brazil, Turkey and South Africa, had participated in technical sessions, she said such banks represented a crucial role in infrastructure finance. The Forum had underscored the commitment of multilateral development banks to sustainable and inclusive infrastructure, and demonstrated a willingness to tackle the challenges with other key players. With that, she announced that the Asian Development Bank would host the 2018 Forum in Bali, Indonesia, on the margins of the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank Group in October.
Mr. SHAVA presented the work of the 2016 Development Cooperation Forum, stressing that its key message was about putting into daily practice a transformative focus on results. Developing and developed countries, along with civil society, parliamentarians, international organizations, development banks, the private sector and philanthropic foundations had gathered for the Development Cooperation Forum's fifth biennial high-level meeting. They embraced a concept of development cooperation that included financial resources, as well as capacity development, technology transfer, cooperation and partnerships.
In its recommendations, he said, the Forum stressed that development cooperation should continue its distinct role in supporting the poorest, which required making large-scale investments, using new evidence-based tools, strengthening domestic institutions and providing long-term budget support. More ODA should be allocated to those with the weakest policymaking capacities. Second, the Forum should advance understanding of how to strengthen incentives for the private sector, with blended finance one such vehicle. ODA should be closely monitored against its effectiveness in eradicating poverty, not simply increasing the volume of finance. Further, the full potential of South�South cooperation must be tapped to reduce asymmetries in order to access sustainable development opportunities and directly respond to local demands. Finally, there was an unprecedented need to improve multi-layered monitoring and review of development cooperation. The Forum had identified tremendous capacity gaps and new opportunities in that regard.
Mr. MUKHERJEE reported on the second Multi-stakeholder Forum on Science, Technology and Innovation, held on 15 and 16 May, noting that its outcome was being prepared and would be presented at the High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development. Led by Kenya and the United States, that Forum was supported by the Inter-Agency Task Force and included 800 scientists, innovators and technology specialists, as well as representatives of civil society and Government. An innovation hub exhibited examples of how to harness science, technology and innovation in implementing the Goals. Science, technology and innovation touched on several Goals and targets simultaneously, making the Forum a perfect place to discuss an integrated agenda. Many advances bore fruit among several Goals, notably in making energy services available to all people. Multi-stakeholder approaches were essential in order to use science, technology and innovation � all of which were rapidly advancing � for the Goals, especially through matchmaking opportunities. While not explicitly mentioned in the 2030 Agenda, biotechnology, automation, artificial intelligence, or rapid data proliferation and use could determine � individually or collectively � how well that framework was realized. Twelve innovations were presented on how technology was rapidly influencing peoples' lives. One demonstrated how remote censors were predicting weather with 89 per cent accuracy, with text messages sent to farmers to help them plan their planting.
In the ensuing interactive dialogue, speakers reported on the progress of various voluntary initiatives and partnerships, with the representative of the Netherlands commenting that one launched by Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and his own country at the Addis Ababa conference had doubled cooperation on taxation. Australia's delegate said innovation exchange had been created to work with the private sector, as had entrepreneurship and impact investing initiatives.
The Forum then approved its draft report (document E/FFDF/2017/L.2), which Mr. SHAVA explained would be updated by the Secretariat, in consultation with the Council President, and issued as a full procedural report of the Forum's meetings, for consideration by the Council.
Mr. SHAVA, in closing remarks, said 20 ministers and vice-ministers, as well as a large number of high-level officials had participated in this year's Forum. I deliberately set a high bar for our discussions, he said. I believe that we have delivered. The outcome document committed the Forum to a range of new policies and actions to accelerate national and international efforts in all areas of the Addis Agenda. He called for implementing those commitments in due time and in full.
Source: United Nations


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|Operating System
An introduction to the operating system and we will see what this operating system actually means and what are the functions of this operating system.
What are the types of Operating SystemThat we have and we will just try to get a brief idea of this subject all right.
So here it says that an operating system also abbreviated as OS is a program that manages the computer hardware.
And it also says it also provides a basis for application programs and acts as an intermediary between a computer user and computer hardware.
Some examples of some operating systems that we widely use these days first are your windows.
So you may be using Windows on your desktop or your laptops so it is one of the famous operating systems used by many people.
And also we have Linux and Ubuntu which are also two open-source operating systems.
That is widely used in your desktops laptops and other devices and then we have the Mac OS which is the operating system from Apple.
So on their laptops in their mac books they used Mac OS X and then in iPhones, we find iOS operating systems.
And then we have a very famous Android which you must be having in your phones.
Android is one of the famous operating systems that is used for your mobile devices.
A computer system so first of all at the lowermost level the computer hardware.
It consists of resources like CPU which is a central processing unit and then memory.
And then the i/o devices which means input/output devices. resources like the processing units CPU and also memory consist of primary memory like RAM and your secondary memory like your ROM.
Memory as well as the i/o devices IO devices means the input/output devices.
These are the devices that use for either giving input to the system for getting output out of your system.
Examples of input devices:
- Keyboards
- Mouse
- Microphones
Example of Output devices
- Monitors
- Speakers
So all these things under computer hardware generally refer them to as resources.
The operating system we have the application programs.
There are two kinds of software
- Software
- Application software
- System software
Application software: Application software is the software that are used to perform a specific task and that can be directly used by the user.
Examples of Application software
- Microsoft Office
- Word
Microsoft Word and then we have spreadsheets.
Like Microsoft Excel that is used for making tabular data for making some calculations in the table.
A computer science student you maybe knowing what compilers are so compilers is the software for writing computer code like C++ C or Java.
C++ C or Java is written in compilers and the text editors are editors useful modifying.
- Notepad
- WordPad etc
- Google Chrome
- Mozilla Firefox
- Internet Explorer
So this is not the only application program that many application programs and these are just a few examples.
The software for performing specific tasks.
The word for typing some documents and wants to save the system.
So let's see how does it we imagine that there is no operating system over here just have user and the application programs.
The computer hardware to write a document want to type something into Microsoft Word.
To tell the computer how where that wants to do it. now, how can we do it since there is no operating system user has to explicitly tell the computer hardware.
The Microsoft Word and has to tell the computer hardware that wants to load Microsoft Word.
So please load it into the main memory and then after it is loaded we have to type something and when we typed something.
Whatever the types it has to be displayed on the monitor.
After doing all that to save it and even saving it has to tell the computer hardware.
This file with a particular file name to hard disk so for each and every small on the new task has to perform.
The computer hardware what to do and how do you communicate to it in the form of codes.
Have to write source code for each and everything that performs.
That it is a very difficult task to do this if there is no operating system you have to manually tell the computer hardware each and everything.
The operating system resides between the computer hardware and the users so it is an intermediary that acts between the computer hardware.
Suppose the user wants to type something and save it into his Microsoft Word.
So what user does just double click on the Microsoft Word and then the rest of the things.
The 'operating system' takes care of it it just opens it for the user and then it makes the screen ready for user typing and whatever user types it the operating system.
The hardware that it will be typed and displayed on the screen and everything that otherwise would have to be done manually by the user.
The operating system and after typing it the user has to save it when the user saves it the operating system tells the computer Hardware.
Where to save it and how to save it and how much memory to allocate or saving it.
Everything is done by the operating system so all those things which we otherwise had to do in the absence of an operating system.
The operating system and it becomes very easy for the user to use the computer system.
The user just opens the computer opens what wants to use it and just uses it and all the underlying things.
That has to happen all the communication that has to happen between the computer hardware.
And the user is taken care of by the operating system. it does all for the user and does the computing or the usage of the computer becomes very easy for the users.
Because of the presence of the operating system so that is the main task of an operating system.
An operating system is a program that manages the computer hardware.
How with resources like CPU memory i/o devices everything is managed by the operating system.
A basis for application programs and acts as an intermediary between the computer user and the computer hardware.
It provides a basis for the application programs of our application programs and it is installed on the operating system.
A base for the application programs and also acts as an intermediary between the computer user and the computer hardware.
Computers are seamless and very easy for the users that are the main fun of an operating system.
I hope that made you understand what an operating system.
Types of operating systems
There are some types of operating system personas badge operating system.
- Distributed operating system
- Network operating system
- A real-time operating system
- Multiprogramming multiprocessing
- Multitasking operating systems
Operating system they perform in a different way based on the need that we have so just remembered that much and you can keep these few points in mind.
The functions of OS the main functions of OS are number one is it is an interface between the user and the hardware.
The hardware here and it acts as an interface between the user.
And hardware and then the second point is the allocation of resources.
The hardware that we have like the central processing unit. the memory and the input/output devices.
Different users want to use the different resources so they have to be allocated our resources are not unlimited.
We have limited resources that means we have limited hardware.
So how these resources should be allocated to users in such a way that everybody gets their share.
And it performs in an efficient manner all this is done by the operating system.
It allocates resources to different users in a good manner that is the function of the operating system and then it does the management of memory secure etc.
Even when we were typing this word processor we have to first load it into the main memory.
After typing it has to be saved into the secondary memory the hard disk.
These are some of the main functions of the operating system.
Goals of an operating systemGoals will be number one is convenience was not having an operating system how tough it would be to execute even the smallest of tasks by the user.
But having an operating system of our computer hardware makes it very easy for the user to communicate to the computer hardware.
So it becomes a very convenient thing for the user to have this operating system.
- Convenience
- Efficiency
Trying to access the resources and how would you efficiently manage the resources that you should get this much resources.
The other users should get this many resources so if you do it manually.
It is going to be very tough and that is very less chance that you can efficiently manage.
So operating system by taking care of all these allocations of resources and management of memory and everything it provides you an efficient usage of your system.
Convenience: and then the second point is efficiency so many operating systems are designed mainly for convenience some are designed for efficiency.
But mostly most or we can say many of the operating systems are designed for both convenience as well as efficiency.
So these are the goals of the operating system which we achieve by the functions of this operating system.
Also, read: Features of computers
Conclusion: I hope this introduction was clear to you and Comment below your reviews about os share this article to your friends thank you for visiting us.


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The name Maplecrest has special meaning to us. My (Gordie's) parents planned to retire in 1976 and build a home in the woods called Maplecrest. My father fashioned a beautiful wood sign as a Christmas gift for my mother and construction was going to commence in the spring. Their dream ended tragically when my father was killed in an automobile accident. The sign is a work of art, and we proudly hung it on a little cabin in the woods that we built essentially so our grandkids could enjoy a rustic getaway when they visit.
Our maple syrup woods has some history, as it was an active sugar bush in the late 50s and early 60s, but it has been quiet since then. For decades the area was full of "cemeteries" of rusty tin cans and leftover equipment.
In 2013 I felt the bug to bring the woods back into maple syrup production. After cleaning up the old remnants and building the cabin, an outhouse for when nature calls, and small boiling shed, we entered our first year with 250 taps and a 2 x 6 CDL evaporator. We enjoyed the process and results so much that after we retired in 2017 we decided to expand. Now we have a 650-tap vacuum pipeline and a new building called The Distillery, complete with running water and electricity. Our small but modern facility is inspected and licensed, and we expect to make over 300 gallons of the delicious stuff every year.
Making maple syrup is a true labor of love. As winter releases it grip, we consider ourselves fortunate to boil, filter and bottle this sweet liquid. It is our goal to bring you the highest quality product possible, and we hope that you will enjoy it as much as we do.


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The Trust was set up in 1997 in memory of Charlie Waller, a young man who took his own life whilst suffering from depression. Shortly after his death, his family founded the Trust in order to educate young people on the importance of staying mentally well and how to do so. The Trust aims to: Equip […]View details for Charlie Waller Memorial Trust
Support for Training
Inspire Counselling
Over 20 years on we continue to provide a highly respected counselling and training service from our home at the Fletcher Centre. We have also introduced a supervision service providing professional support to those involved in pastoral and helping work and clinical supervision to counselling practitioners. Inspire is a Christian initiative dedicated to providing a caring and confidential counselling service; […]View details for Inspire Counselling
Mentis Tree
MTCIC is a social enterprise, a not for profit, organisation. Our interest is in mental health and wellbeing. The company's activities provide benefit to people within East Anglia needing low cost psychological therapies to improve their mental well-being. The company also provides opportunities for therapists to achieve professional accreditation. To meet these aims we offer a wide range of […]View details for Mentis Tree
PODS (Positive Outcomes for Dissociative Survivors)
PODS was set up by Carolyn Spring in 2009-2010. Carolyn developed dissociative identity disorder as a result of extreme childhood abuse and you can read more about her here. The very original focus of PODS was to support partners of dissociative survivors (the original meaning of the acronym PODS) but we soon realised that we were being […]View details for PODS (Positive Outcomes for Dissociative Survivors)
Ending domestic abuse, for good. We believe that domestic abuse can be stopped. Stopped before it starts. Stopped before it ruins lives. Every year, over two million people in the UK experience domestic abuse. Not one of them should have to wait until they're in crisis before we pay attention. And why do we […]View details for Safelives
Suffolk Mind
Our Approach to Mental Health All of us have mental health, just as we have physical health. We are all on the mental health continuum – and we move up and down it depending on how we cope with the challenges of life and the stresses that it creates. Suffolk Mind works across the continuum, […]View details for Suffolk Mind


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You are here
Olam plans US$150m note issue
OLAM International announced before the opening of Thursday trading a proposed issuance of US$150 million five-year senior notes under its US$5 billion Euro Medium Term Note Programme.
The proposed notes, to be priced at a final coupon rate of 4.5 per cent, will be issued under second tranche Series 10 and will be consolidated with the US$300 million notes issued on April 12.
The Series 10 Tranche 2 notes due in 2021 are priced at 101.651 per cent of their principal amount plus accrued interest from, and including April 12 to, but excluding their issue date. The expected issue date is Sept 14.
Olam said proceeds from the issue of the new notes will go towards general corporate purposes including repayment of existing debt.
Olam will be making an application to the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited for permission to deal in and quotation of the notes.
BT is now on Telegram!
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A WOMAN from Goldsworth Park is devastated after it took doctors eight weeks to give her the results of a chest x-ray.
Kelbefiza Hussain, aged 46, was given a mammogram and chest x-ray at St Peter's Hospital in Chertsey on March 1 but, despite having previously suffered from an aggressive form of breast cancer, she did not receive her results until April 25.
The x-ray showed Mrs Hussain had a tumour in her left lung and a subsequent CT scan showed secondary tumours in her liver and brain. Mrs Hussain is waiting to hear what treatment she will receive.
Mrs Hussain was diagnosed with breast cancer in November 2003 and had two operations to remove malignant lumps in April 2004, followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment.
Doctors gave Mrs Hussain the all-clear, although she was required to have regular scans and x-rays to monitor her condition. Her appointment in March was a regular check up.
Mrs Hussain is distraught she has been told about the tumours eight weeks after the scan and claims she was previously told the scan was clear.
She said: "I feel an injustice has been done and they have been playing with my life. If they had acted promptly it could have stopped the tumour spreading."
Mrs Hussain's son Tariq is calling for answers from Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust to ensure his mother gets appropriate and prompt treatment.
He believes a shake-up of waiting times and procedures is necessary to ensure other cancer patients do not have the same experience as his mother.
Mrs Hussain is receiving support from the patient advice and liaison service (PALS) at St Peter's and from the hospital's public and patient involvement (PPI) forum.
Mr Hussain said: "The hospital admits it was late with the results but does not have any answers.Staff responsible are trying to make out all sorts of stories and I am trying to get answers.
"I am making an official complaint as we are not getting anywhere. Even my mother's GP did not know about this.
"It is not doing my mother's health any good. She is crying and distraught and has relied on the support of relatives and friends to get through.
"The hospital knew there was a chance my mother's cancer could come back and that action needed to be taken. It did not monitor her properly."
A spokesman for Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust said: "The hospital apologises to Mrs Hussain for any distress caused and is investigating her concerns."
Graeme Carman, chairman of Ashford and St Peter's PPI forum, said: "It applies to most hospital trusts that there are problems with cancer waiting times.
"Most trusts are struggling and there is no question about it that St Peter's is as well. Non-achievement of a government target is deeply worrying.The forum sympathises with Mrs Hussain and will be looking into her case."
Pauline Chapman, a member of Woking and Surrey Heath PCT's PPI forum, said: "The forum will do all it can to investigate the situation.
"It is important to make sure systems are in place to make sure no other patient finds themselves waiting so long for urgent results."


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Smith, Huston. The Soul of Christianity: Restoring the Great Tradition. HarperSanFrancisco, 2005. (176 pages)
I found writing this book exhilarating, for it enabled me to see more clearly than before the intellectual and spiritual gold of Christianity, its intellectual expanse, the vastness of its atmosphere, and its genius for cutting through to the quick of life. (ix)
From Why Religion Matters:
There is within us — in even the blithest, most light-hearted among us — a fundamental dis-ease. it acts like an unquenchable fire that renders the vast majority of us incapable in this life of ever coming to full peace. This desire lies in the marrow of our bones and deep in the regions of our soul. All great literature, poetry, art, philosophy, psychology, and religion tries to name and analyze this longing. We are seldom in direct touch with it, and indeed the modern world seems set on preventing us from getting in touch with it by covering it with an unending phantasmagoria of entertainments, obsessions, and distractions of every sort. But the longing is there, built into us like a jack-in-the-box that presses for release. Two great painters suggest this longing in their titles — Gauguin's Why Are We Here? Where Did We Come From? Where Are We Going? and de Chirico's Nostalgia for the Infinite — but I must work with words. Whether we realize it or not, simply to be human is to long for release from mundane existence with its confining walls of finitude and mortality.
"The Good News of authentic religion — in this book, Christianity — is that that longing can be fulfilled." (xiii)
Though the scientific era has ushered in an era of secularism, the second revolution is bringing God back into the picture. Secularism went wrong…
…by equating two things, "absence-of-evidence and evidence-of-absence, which, once one stops to think about it are very different. The fact that science cannot get its hands on anything except nature is no proof that nature (alternatively, matter) is all that exists. … vision can't take in everything." (xvi)
…every improvement increases the sum of fear and hatred and escalates hysteria. … The multiplication of possessable objects; the invention of new instruments of stimulation; the dissemination of new wants through propaganda aimed at equating possession with well-being and incessant stimulation with happiness…from without is a source of bondage. (xvii)
…a world ends when its metaphor dies and modernity's metaphor — endless progress through science-powered technology — is dead. (xviii)
… if anything characterizes modernity it is the loss of the sense of transcendence — of a reality that exceeds and encompasses our everyday affairs. – Peter Berger (xxi)
Smith then looks at the major institutions of Science, Technology, Business, Education, Religion, Media, Art, and Government, adding one more component, Individualism. He writes, "The time has come to recognize that it was not something modernity discovered that set us on an unworkable course, but a mistake it made. Fortunately, mistakes can be corrected, and this second turning point in the history of spirit is witnessing that correction. This book tries to contribute to that correction." (xxiv)
Suggesting that we are now living in the second of two great human revolutions, Smith follows the "best defense is a good offense" strategy stating,
"[This book] champions Christianity by telling the Christian story in a way that is more persuasive than secularism's attacks on it," (p.xxv).
Smith is well known for his work and teaching on The World's Religions (1991). This work is placed in a symbolic three parts, 1) The Christian Worldview, 2) The Christian Story, and 3) The Three Main Branches of Christianity Today.
Part One: THE CHRISTIAN WORLD VIEW
The paradoxes of this world, ranging all the way from our daily life to the paradoxes of quantum mechanics and relativity theory, are life and nature's way of repulsing a false philosophy, naturalism. (1)
Before beginning to list the points, we should take note of the background within which they are positioned. The Christian world is objective, in the sense that it was here before we were and that it is our business to understand it. (2)
1. The Christian world is Infinite, for if you stop with finitude you face a door with only one side, an absurdity. The Infinite has doorways, but not doors.
2. The Infinite includes the finite … "God is a circle whose center is everywhere and whose circumference is nowhere"
3. The contents of the finite world are hierarchically ordered. "All things started from one beginning." – Origen.
4. Causation is from the top down, from the Infinite down through the descending degrees of reality. … "emergence is a descriptive, not an explanatory, concept. … All this is leading scientists to think that the foundational feature of the universe is not matter but information." (6)
5. In descending to finitude, the singularity of the Infinite splays into multiplicity — the One becomes the many.
6. As we look upward from our position on the causal chain, we find that as the virtues ascend the causal ladder, they expand in the way one's chest does when one takes a deep breath and inhales air, which in this example stands for God. As virtues expand they begin to overlap; their distinctions fade and they begin to merge.
In Part 1, he posits 15 principles of which he sums at the end of the section in this paragraph:
The world is objectively there and intelligible. It is infinite and includes the finite with its value-laden degrees, hierarchically ordered. As virtues ascend in the hierarchy, they meld into one another until their differences disappear in the Simple One. Evil features in finitude but not in the Absolute, and because the Absolute is all-powerful, in the end absolute perfection reigns. Human begins intersect the degrees of reality, but in them they appear inverted, as if seen on the surface of a glassy lake. We cannot comprehend the fullness of Reality on our own, but its outlines are revealed to us. The key to unlocking the truths of Revelation is symbolism. Knowing is both rational and intuitive, both concrete and abstract. After we have done our best to understand the world, it remains mysterious, but through the shrouds of mystery, we can dimly discern that it is perfect. (p.33)
In Part 2, he quickly covers the main points of the Christian story, starting, of course, with Jesus, His life, death, burial, and resurrection, Saul of Tarsus, a few doctrines, and Revelation (the Apocalypse).
In part 3, he does a synopsis of the three main branches of Christianity: Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestantism.
I found much of this book having quite a bit in common with the tensions that contemporarily lie in the discussion of the Emerging Church (a discussion that is primarily Protestant). His way of communicating esoteric concepts for a more popular audience is refreshing, but in addition, he shares a "convincing argument for a vital alternative that is a deeper more authentic faith, a faith that guided the Church for its first thousand years," (back cover, emphasis mine).
An 'easy' read, but not a 'quick' one; a concise work with sentences and ideas that require mental and spiritual marinating.
more to come…


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On Road Price of Bugatti Chiron in Cuttack
Bugatti Chiron On Road Price in Cuttack
**Bugatti Chiron Price is not available in Cuttack, Currently showing price in New Delhi
Sport(Petrol) (Base Model)
|Ex-Showroom Price
|InsuranceSave upto 70% on Car insurance. Know more
|On-Road Price in New Delhi :(Not Available in Cuttack)
|Rs.24,31,71,454*Report Incorrect Price
W16(Petrol) (Top Model)
|Ex-Showroom Price
|InsuranceSave upto 70% on Car insurance. Know more
|On-Road Price in New Delhi :(Not Available in Cuttack)
|Rs.22,02,35,926*Report Incorrect Price
Bugatti Chiron price in Cuttack
Bugatti Chiron price in Cuttack start at Rs. 19.21 Cr. The lowest price model is Bugatti Chiron W16 and the most priced model of Bugatti Chiron Sport priced at Rs. 21.21 Cr. Visit your nearest Bugatti Chiron showroom in Cuttack for best offers. Compared primarily with Bugatti Chiron price in Cuttack starting Rs. 19.21 Cr and Mercedes-Benz S-Class price in Cuttack starting Rs. 1.38 Cr.
|On-Road Price
|Chiron Sport
|Rs. 24.31 Cr*
|Chiron W16
|Rs. 22.02 Cr*
Compare Prices of Chiron Alternatives
- Rs.19.21 - 21.21 Cr*
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Fast and great but not understandable
Attention to detail it's good and fast and value for money but I would not suggest you buy it because in that much amount of money more powerful car than that which is Ap...Read More
A Very Nice Car Bugatti Chiron.
The car is good but the price is not good. It is stylish also but the maintenance cost is very expensive.
Great Car
What I have seen in this Chiron is that the all-new feature which will definitely make your first choice. I am using this for 2 years and this is very appreciative likewi...Read More
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Does the Bugatti Chiron have 4x4 transmission?
Bugatti Chiron comes with AWD drive type.
Does the Bugatti Chiron have a sunroof?
Bugatti Chiron is not equipped with sunroof.
What is full form 1500ps and 1600nm
PS and NM are two words that are used in the automotive world to define power an...Read More
What is the minimum and turning radius in Bugatti Chiron?
The turning radius of Bugatti Chiron is around 7.6 m.
What is the top-speed of Bugatti Chiron?
The top speed of the Chiron is limited to 420kmph. Bugatti Chiron is powered by ...Read More
Chiron price in nearby cities
|On-Road Price
|Rs. 23.94 - 26.43 Cr
|New Delhi
|Rs. 22.02 - 24.31 Cr
|Rs. 22.60 - 24.95 Cr


text:
For me, Thanksgiving marks the official kick-off of the holidays. It's one of my favorite days where gathering with family and friends, celebrating the bounty of a full table of homemade food, and offering thanks for my many blessings are all untainted by the retail frenzy soon to follow.
This is the first year I have been able to retreat and have some time for reflection before Thanksgiving. I had the beautiful opportunity to celebrate my Mother's 75th birthday. She has the most generous spirit of anyone I've ever known and celebrating her got me to think about the connection between gratitude (thanksgiving) and generosity. Always quick to count her blessings, when crisis knocks on her door she never asks "why me" but "why not me?". She doesn't see herself as immune from suffering but is grateful instead for provision through times of crisis. She seldom relies on her own strength but presses in to the faith she professes. When approached with the suffering of those around her, she listens for an inner voice and follows her heart with how she may be called to engage in their stories and often she does. She has been my example, an act I can only aspire to follow.
Jean Vanier, founder of L'Arche (an international organization of persons who live in community with the disabled), poses the question: "How do we sit with people in their pain?". Pain exposes us. It makes us vulnerable. It may be or own pain or the pain of those around us. Our response to this pain says a lot about the state of our hearts. I have seen the people most able to sit with me in my pain are those who have been through pain themselves. While this isn't always the case, I find it more often to be true than not. Suffering weeds people out of your life and also bring new people into your circle. Those who are generous to the suffering yield proof there is beauty even in pain.
Take time to think of someone in your life (like my Mother) who posses the spirit of generosity. I am confident they are also a person of gratitude. Many people are facing their first Thanksgiving without loved ones, others are undergoing a health crisis, addiction or other kind of deep loss. What will our response be? It is my hope that the gratitude we feel in our hearts will be evidenced by the generosity we express to others. Generosity is one of the only actions that can send scarcity and it's friend fear running for cover. So now when we think of Thanksgiving, let it be a reminder that gratitude births generosity. When we kindle the fire of gratitude you produce the flame of generosity that banishes fear, and transforms pain into something beautiful.


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|Dan Primack / Axios:
|Reid Hoffman / LinkedIn:
|Dan Primack / Axios:
|Mark Bergen / Bloomberg:
|Evan Blass / VentureBeat:
|Chris Williams / The Register:
|Casey Newton / The Verge:
|Geoff Weiss / Tubefilter:
|Craig Silverman / BuzzFeed:
|Frederic Lardinois / TechCrunch:
|Darrell Etherington / TechCrunch:
This is a Techmeme archive page. It shows how the site appeared at 9:50 PM ET, June 23, 2017.
The most current version of the site as always is available at our home page. To view an earlier snapshot click here and then modify the date indicated.
|Lara O'Reilly / Wall Street Journal:
|Cho Mu-Hyun / ZDNet:
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|Gertrude Chavez-Dreyfuss / Reuters:
|Jeff Baumgartner / Multichannel News:
|Mark Bergen / Bloomberg:
|Dana Hull / Bloomberg:
|Susan Wojcicki / YouTube Blog:


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- A 28 year old male gamer
- United States
- Joined on May 11th 2010, last online on 09 September 2018.
- Profile Views: 11,705
- Forum posts: 386 times which averages 0 posts per day
- User Reviews: 0 reviews
I love NHK!
This list only shows a selection of games from this user's favourite games.
Sign me up, please! Missed last year's, so I should have a bunch of changes from last time I participated......
Baten Kait--! Ah, Xeno series. Another Xenoblade would be cool. :P . . . But seriously, I'd love to take another trip to the Baiten Kaitos world. A pity the games didn't sell better....
Paper Mario's Happy Valley! Absolutely loved the music there, and the Crystal Palace that followed was also a delight. Super Mario 64's Frappe Snowland (I think that's the title...) was another one that was a blast to play through....
Height: 6'0
Build: Other
Eye colour: Brown
Hair colour: Brown
Zodiac sign: Capricorn
Favourite Games: Super Mario 64, Paper Mario, Paper Mario: The Thousand Year Door, The World Ends with You, Chrono Trigger (DS)
Favourite Films: Princess Mononoke, Pulp Fiction, 5 Centimeters Per Second, Copland, Casablanca, Up in the Air, Lost in Translation, The Descendants
Favourite Books: Welcome to the NHK, The Lies of Locke Lamora, Redwall, The Importance of Being Ernest (play)
Favourite Food: Cookies & Cream Ice Cream, Deli Peanut Butter Chocolate Cups, Jumbalaya, Ice Cream Crepes, Katsu Curry
Hobbies: Gaming, going for walks (especially at night), watching movies, reading, bike riding


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In March 2012, Kristin Addis quit her job as an investment banker in Southern California.
"It was hard for me when our paid time off was only 14 days per year," she tells Business Insider.
"We'd go to the office puking our guts out because we didn't want to use our vacation time being sick. I felt back then like even if I wanted to, in that 14 days, I wasn't really allowed to take it all at once. I felt like 'What is this money worth if I don't have the opportunity to spend it on what I want?
"I thought there had to be more to life than that."
So she set out to find it.
Less than a year later, Addis bought a one-way ticket to Bangkok, planning to travel overland through Southeast Asia. Since then, the now 30-year-old has largely stayed on the move, documenting her journey through her blog, Be My Travel Muse, and sharing the expertise she's gathered in her book, "Conquering Mountains: The Guide to Solo Female Travel," produced with Nomadic Matt's Matt Kepnes.
Below, she talks about the new life she built travelling the world: what it looks like, the reality of working on the road, and how she affords it.
Addis, who had lived in Taiwan when she was 21 to study Mandarin, started her trip in Southeast Asia because she'd read a traveller could get by on $1,000 a month, a sharp drop from the $3,000-$4,000 a month price of her California life.
In Newport Beach, California.
'I had been saving for years,' Addis remembers. 'It was between putting money into buying a condo or travelling.' She managed to accumulate around $20,000 in cash, plus about $60,000 in retirement funds, which she says she won't touch until it's time to retire.
At Hohenzollern Castle, Germany.
'I've never had debt other than school debt,' Addis says. 'I won't spend money I don't have, and I don't want to dip into funds meant for later. If I couldn't make being a travel influencer work, I would have gotten a job before I touched my retirement savings.'
In Maui, Hawaii.
'For a few years there I was living off the savings,' Addis says. 'Thankfully I was keen to save for a rainy day back when I was 22 or 23. I remember it was the 11th hour, I had been on the road for almost two years, and I got a contract that was good for $600 a month guaranteed for one year. That was really the piece I needed.'
In Iceland.
'It still wasn't enough to fully cover my expenses, but it gave me a cushion to look for more work,' Addis remembers of that first contract. 'Little by little, I was able to start turning down the lower-paying freelance roles, and now it's rare that I take one.'
In Maui, Hawaii.
In 2015, Addis spoke to Business Insider about her post-banking life, explaining that she was earning about 40% of her banking salary. Now, a year later, she's more than doubled her earnings to bring in just as much as she did as a banker.
In the Dark Hedges, Stranocum, Northern Ireland.
She earns that money through affiliate sales from her website, sales of her book, and work with tourism boards and brands.
Sasbachwalden, Germany.
In the last year, as her authority and her ranking in Google has increased, she's seen the largest income bumps through book sales, affiliate sales from her site, and opportunities that have started to come her way through Instagram, like a 10-day project in Hawaii.
In Lanai, Hawaii.
She says she has a strict policy of only endorsing or working with products she likes, and of working with brands and bureaus in unique ways that allow her readers to learn from her experience.
Scuba diving in Belize.
Even when she was earning 40% of her banking salary, Addis said she felt richer than she did when she was working as a banker.
At Elephant Sands, Botswana.
'I feel like you get to a point where you just have enough, and for me that's great -- anything beyond that just helps me have a bit more security for retirement,' Addis says of earning more today. 'I don't have five-year plan, per se, because so many things change in life, but it's good to know one day I could buy a house or have a nest egg.'
At Aurora Estate, Finland.
'When I was making 40% of my old salary, I wasn't making enough to invest and put in retirement,' she continued. 'Now, I can afford to go to more expensive places. Now, instead of being the person who everyone's always hosting, I can pay it forward and host friends when they come to town.'
In El Chalten, Argentina.
'The beginning of my trip was about having an adventure and a sabbatical,' Addis says. 'Now it has to be about work, too.' She signed a lease on an apartment in Berlin to be her home-away-from-home, but finds she's rarely there.
In Jökulsárlón (Glacier Lagoon), Iceland.
Addis says she works longer days now than she ever did in California, but manages her schedule to accommodate periods of being 'off the grid.'
In the Sexten Dolomites, Italy.
Her site now employs five part-time workers who contribute to its behind-the-scenes operations remotely.
At Coffee Bay, South Africa.
Addis decides where to go next on the suggestion of the people she meets. She says she never consults a guidebook -- instead, she prefers to leave her trips open-ended and find out where locals like to go.
In South Tyrol, Italy.
Her advice for someone who wants to follow a similar path: 'Figure something out that you're really really good at, and figure out a way to market that skill online,' she says. 'Or if it's more mechanical or physical, consider a working holiday, or teaching English, whatever skill you have that you can be creative about and use around the world, because chances are pretty good that you can figure out a way.'
In Bolzano, Italy.
The travel blogging industry is evolving quickly, and Addis says many of the things she did early on wouldn't be as effective today. But it's not too late for aspiring travel bloggers, she says. 'The way to stand out and be different is to focus on a niche. Think about the things you're obsessed with -- the things you would write about and read about and photograph no matter what -- and that's what you should do.'
In the Dominican Republic.
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Al Jazeera Media Network (AJMN) appoints Euronews Group as its content and brand syndication agent to represent Al Jazeera's digital flagship brand AJ+ at a worldwide scale.
Euronews Group is now in charge of marketing and promoting AJ+ digital channels to third party clients and specifically to its well established worldwide network of content and syndication partners.
Since 2014, AJ+ is available on its own social networks and through its mobile app in English, Arabic, Spanish and soon in French. Euronews has proposed its expertise to AJMN to develop the online infotainment brand. Euronews will make AJ+ content available on new media partners' digital products and will propose creating new programmes tailored to specific markets and partners.
"We are proud to have been chosen by AJMN to participate to AJ+ future development, which has gained worldwide recognition among young people at a very fast pace since its launch. Our experience in marketing content licence agreements in coordination with a fantastic product such as AJ+ provides a solid platform for the success of this collaboration. This partnership is an exciting milestone for both our companies in terms of global commercial roll-out and paves the road for potential additional collaboration with AJMN in the future." Michael Peters, CEO, Euronews.
"Al Jazeera has made great strides over the last few years to organically target younger segments of audience through its digital native AJ+. The growth has been organically fuelled through social media, but it is time to consider strategic partnerships for direct scaling of our message. We are very pleased to partner with Euronews to explore untapped distribution opportunities through their impressive & multicultural network within Europe and globally. This collaboration cannot come at a better time as we flourish AJ+ into a diverse audience centric digital network with the recent launch of its French and 4th language edition." Dr. Yaser Bishr, Executive Director of Digital, Aljazeera Media Network.
"I am delighted by this strategic engagement with Euronews, which will further extend the reach of the AJ+ brand to new markets and diverse audiences across the globe. This marks the beginning of a strategic commercial relationship between our organisations and I look forward to continuing this fruitful collaboration into the future." Abdulla Alnajjar, Executive Director, Global Brand and Communications.
The Euronews/AJ+ partnership agreement has been led by Harold Marraud. Based in Paris, Harold is Euronews Group Head of Business Development in the team of Kostas Oikonomou, VP Partnerships & Distribution.
Launched in 2014 by AJMN, AJ+ is a global community for digital natives (18-35 years old), that promotes the different thinking of other cultures and understanding of news in a first person perspective. AJ+ content is available on all digital platforms and produces videos in Arabic, English and Spanish. French will soon be launched in Q1 2018. AJ+ generates more than 500 million monthly videos views on Facebook.
Euronews Group
Euronews Group operates two international, multilingual, multiplatform and independent news media: Euronews and Africanews.
Euronews, based in Lyon, France and launched 25 years ago in January 1993, offers a unique perspective on world events in 12 languages thanks to a team of 450 journalists from 30 countries. Euronews, a well-established brand in Europe, is available worldwide in more than 400 million households in more than 160 countries.
In June 2017, NBC News and Euronews closed a transaction in which NBC News acquired 25% of the company to make a significant financial investment in Euronews to support expanded news coverage and programming. The company's TV and digital output will ultimately be co-branded EuronewsNBC.


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Raw Feeding – in a Nutshell – Poster
£3.00 – £13.00
For anyone thinking of feeding their dog a raw diet, this poster well help get you started! It covers almost everything you need to know for a healthy, balanced raw diet that your dog should love! It is very important that you get the quantities for your dog's raw diet correct.
The Raw Feeding Poster comes in 3 sizes:
A5 – 5.8″ x 8.3″ (148 x 210 mm)
A4 – 8.27″ × 11.69″ (210 x 297 mm)
A3 – 11.69″ x 16.53″ (297 x 420 mm)
If you would like a larger size please email to discuss your requirements.
A5 and A4 prints are posted in a hard backed envelope. A3 prints are posted rolled in a poster tube or folded in half for a cheaper postage, choose your prefer postage when putting the poster into your cart.


text:
PRIVATE CO WATERMELON SPLASH BCAAPrivate Supplement Co1
Introducing Private Co Watermelon Splash BCAA – Pure (Branched Chain Amino Acids).
Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) include 3 of the 9 essential amino acids: Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine and may assist in muscle repair and promoting muscle growth over time.
Instant Mixing Branched Chain Amino Acids
Key points:
- Premium Grade
- Free form Amino Acids
- No Added Sugar
Perfect for; Recovery, Growth, Repair & Stacking
Product points:
- Encourages Lean Muscle Growth
- Tested for Purity
- GMO Free
- Assists with Muscle Recovery & Repair
- 4:3:3 Ratio (High Leucine)
- Gluten Free
- Fermented from Vegetable Source
- Instant Mixing
- Vegan Friendly
- Crisp, Refreshing Flavour
300G 30 Serves


text:
$1280 per session personal training
Personal Trainer
I fully understand and agree to all the terms (including type of plan, fees, effective date and gift) as contained in this Agreement. Any verbal representation or agreement other than those expressly mentioned herein shall be void and for which, I shall not be entitled to clam against X Fitness for any refund or compensation.
本人完全明白及同意此協議書內所載條款(包括健身卡類別、收費、有效日期及附送禮品)任何口頭協議或承諾不在此名言均屬無效; 於此,本人不得向X Fitness 索取任何退款或賠償。