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"Hear it is" is a series of interviews with musicians, transcribed here as oral histories. We talk about what they do and what they've done, and what has changed since they started making music.
Every Band Mentioned in this Article
Cog and Baathis
Faith No More
Wilson Phillips
Guns 'n Roses
The Flaming Lips
Death Cab for Cutie
The Clash
Tame the Tikbalang
Pus Vomit, Down from the Wound, and Sauna
Loads of Motherhood
Kabaong ni Kamatayan and Stela Mariz
…And a lot of bands that didn't make it
I was never really introduced to Yagi Olaguera, but he may have taken my order at some point when he was working at a cafe called Baci (formerly encomium), on Katipunan. I recognized him from the rare times that Cog would play tamer sets for tamer lineups at friendlier venues, and somehow we ended up following each other on Livejournal (which is awesome! LJ! LJ! LJ!!!). Since then, we've worked together on New Slang and Geek Fight, both of which are a far cry from what he does in the metal scene. This is why I wanted to hear him talk about this other side of himself.
This interview was recorded on July 28, 2012.
I am Yagi Olaguera and during the day, I teach English to foreigners, I write and I edit, and I'm now a financial adviser for Manulife (which is one of the weirdest jobs I've ever had). I'm also the vocalist for Cog, a metal band. I don't know what kind of metal we are. I never figured it out. I'm also involved in a bunch of other weird projects, like a black metal band called Baathis.
I can trace my current taste in music to the first time I heard Faith No More's Angel Dust. I heard it when I was probably in 6th or 7th grade, at a time when music for me was pretty easy to categorize. Back then I was already listening to stuff like Guns and Roses, but when I heard Faith No More, I was like, "What the fuck is this?" And it really didn't sit well with me for some reason that there were all these things going on that didn't really fit in together, but afterwards I learned that I enjoyed it. And to this day, I think that's what I enjoy about music – it's ability to both surprise and disturb us, to say something different. And I think it also helped that I felt it was one of the most bitter and hateful albums that I've ever heard.
I'm not completely sure about this, but one of the first albums that I ever bought with my own money would be the self-titled Wilson Phillips debut album, which I can sing along to, to this day. I know it totally removes whatever cred I have in anything, but I am not ashamed to say that.
Probably around the same time, I also bought Guns N' Roses Appetite for Destruction. Everybody was listening to it then. I'm not sure if I've ever bought a New Kids on the Block album but I bought an MC Hammer album! I actually bought the other MC Hammer records before, but it wasn't with my own money.
The songs and albums I've always loved are best enjoyed with…BITTERNESS AND FEAR!…No. I find that some of the albums I really love, I enjoy listening to at very specific times. I remember when I first listened to Yoshimi by the Flaming Lips, I was on the train. So for me, that's always been a train album. I find that when I listen to certain albums, they get stuck to certain situations.
One of my favourite albums of all time is Isis's Oceanic, which I first heard in its entirety when I had a hangover. And I was listening to it, and I was like, "Wow, I can finally listen to a metal album with a hangover." There's a lot like that, like some Squarepusher songs that remind me of Antipolo for example. That's also the reason I can't listen to a lot of Death Cab for Cutie, because I always heard a lot of Death Cab for Cutie when I was fighting with my ex.
Music has always been a solitary thing for me, unless it's at a concert. When I listen to some songs, I don't necessarily enjoy them as much when I'm listening to them with other people. It's a very…lonely thing to know. I would have just said "pot" if you asked me this question when I was in college, though.
I don't really think I'm a musician, but I started out as a musician with my first band: a ska-punk band when I was in high school. This was in 1997 or 1996, and we covered a couple of Rancid and Operation Ivy songs. I always wanted to play bass, and I still kind of want to, and I still have a bass lying around. And I still have to really learn.
There weren't really a lot of bands in our batch, and I had a couple of friends who also wanted to play. We were joined by one of our Math teachers who liked The Clash, but he was also a really horrible guitar player and he never learned the songs we wanted to play, so he just kind of solo'd over them. We never really had a name though. We had two gigs, both of them were high school gigs in Ateneo, and we had different names for each one which included whatever pop culture references were relevant at the time. We had a really long name that included Jojo Veloso and Bananas and Pajamas, stuff like that. But that was really short-lived…
I really had no clue what the scene was back then. I really didn't, until I started going to Dredd in 4th year high school because my cousins were in Cheese and I'd met the people in Greyhoundz. I started hanging out in Dredd a lot because of that, and that's when I started meeting the people from the hardcore scene. This was also the first time I got exposed to bands like Skychurch and Loads of Motherhood and a lot of the other bands that didn't really get anywhere.
Also, one of the things that was pivotal in high school was when I watched a very early incarnation of Badburn—at the Miriam High School fair of all places. And Marben scared the shit out of me! He was getting mad at the people for sitting down, as he still does now. And that really made an impression on me, and I thought, "Wow, we can play that kind of stuff."
The scene was very small then, so not only were there just a few bands playing music, there weren't even a lot of places to play…Well, there was Dredd, but they were very selective about who got to play there; until the pay-to-play thing, which I think was one of the things that killed Dredd. It started becoming pay-to-play, I think in the last year.
I remember though that there were always gigs in Marikina, like at Killa John's…from Tame the Tikbalang, his place had a rooftop and there would be punk gigs there. Aside from that, I think people just made do with what they had, making it very difficult. I heard a lot of things about the mid-90s, like how a gig could just be a couple of amps in a basketball court, and they'd always get stopped.
In terms of the audience, it's a bigger audience now. There's more people listening to a lot of different kinds of music. I think, in the 90s, there would only be few people who had the kind of access to music that we have now. A lot of the stuff that I wanted to hear or wanted to get a hold of, parang pupunta pa akong Recto para bumili. So it was a lot more difficult back then. People were a lot more elitist back then. They weren't as open-minded with music: a lot of people who listened to certain things were like, "I like this…but you don't know this" which still exists right now. There's a lot of that in the punk scene. I still meet a lot of people in the punk scene who like to name drop a lot.
When we're booked in the provinces, it still surprises us how active the scenes in these places are. I remember we played in Baras (which is in Rizal, I think two towns down from Antipolo), it was crazy, because I think a lot of the bands that came from around the Rizal area came to play. And it's not like they're all from the same neighborhood or anything, but they were all very well-connected and they all knew each other. It's been very interesting to meet all the small pockets of metal and hardcore scenes, and a lot of it has to do with greater access, where people get to download and connect. There's always been a lot of zines and tape trading, especially in the punk and metal scene, and I found I got to know a lot of the metal bands through there.
A lot of them would disown us now, but when we started out, bands in the hardcore and metal scene were very supportive. Exchange with different countries was already active then, but now I think it's more pronounced. It's easier to get stuff from the Philippines now, which also makes it easier to get signed abroad – like for Pus Vomit, a grindcore band from Davao, also Down from the Wound: both are signed to labels in the States. Sauna, from Batangas, are also signed, so there's a lot of that. Also, some of the older bands now are more accepting of the younger bands. And there's probably 5 times as many more bands now, which also makes it difficult to make any sort of dent.
Over the past twelve years or so, recording has just become so much easier. When we started out, the way to go about it was to record a shitty demo, which you could do easily because there were a lot of studios that had a mixing board where you could just record straight to tape, or to a four-track. You could also do that live…although it will still sound shitty. A lot of the demos you hear recorded now actually sound better than a lot of what were actual recordings of bands in the 90s. I always notice how, especially metal and hardcore bands, always sounded shitty in recordings, like they mixed the bass and the bass drums wrong.
A lot of the demos done by kids right now sound a lot better because it's a lot easier to record. The thing is, if you know what you want to do, you have no excuse to not do it. Not that it's right, or legal, but you can just download some recording software and make a pretty decent sounding demo with some tutorial video off YouTube. It's also so much easier to cover up your mistakes with autotune, which everybody uses right now, not just R&B musicians.
We were actually able to record in analog before, in Tracks in Pasig, and it was such a nightmare. It was so difficult to track, you had to go back and forth. Now, all you need to do is just play it, and if you're too lazy to play it, you can just manipulate it digitally, and everything would still sound tight. At the same time though, since everything can just be manipulated digitally, it's also easier to make bad bands sound good. Like a band could sound really good on record, but when you watch them live it's like…uh…they suck. So there's that.
I remember the first time we went into the studio people already told us–because it was analog–to make sure we practiced all our parts, make sure you get everything down pat, because you're gonna waste time. You paid by hour, and 900 an hour back then (about 20 USD), with the inflation rate, was no joke. Now you don't need that. You don't need to be that great. You can have as many takes as you want without worrying about the tape screwing up, which makes it really interesting to watch a band like Skychurch–who recorded two albums back in the analog days–when they record, because they get everything done so much quicker. They're used to having one take and they're done.
I'm not sure if anybody knows how to market and distribute…everyone's still trying to figure out how to do it. Distribution's easier, you just put it out on the internet, and then everybody has access to it. But marketing it and actually trying to make money out of it though? That's a bit more difficult and I think everybody's trying to figure out what the answer is. What's interesting though is you have places like bandcamp—because to get on iTunes you have to go through so much stuff—which make it relatively easier for the artist to actually monetize their music. I try to stay away from that part because I don't understand it. As far as I'm concerned, and I know the boss from our label would not agree, I just want the music out and if they download it for free, then that's fine with me.
I think that right now the answer is selling merch is the way to go: actual physical stuff that you can't download, like a shirt. Like with Nine Inch Nails, Trent Reznor's always saying, "download our stuff, and buy a shirt."
What people are also trying to figure out is how to go to other markets, aside from the Philippines. It's still a small market here, and people have more access to that option now, with some more successful than others.
It's weird, because I don't think there's actually a big enough music press, locally. For one, you'd think there would be more music blogs, but there are just a few. A lot of the people online are trying to do the same thing, and what's lacking are music blogs that are actually well-maintained.
The thing is it's very difficult to do press and publicity–especially in the metal and hardcore scenes–without someone getting pissed off. And saying someone "sold out" because they advertised or got press somewhere is still a thing, but that kind of thinking is fading right now, so that's good.
I wish there were more places to actually promote stuff, to send our music and give more avenues for publicity. When we release new music, we don't know where to review it. We don't know where to go. You have traditional media like Pulp magazine, and their audience still fits into what we do, but there aren't enough blogs.
What I can say about history and icons, at least in the metal scene, is that for the most part it hasn't been documented very well. That's something that I feel kind of bad about because a lot of it was undocumented for very stupid reasons, like there's a lot of infighting within the metal and the hardcore scene–which is at least a lot friendlier now. I know there have been attempts to film something, like a documentary, or write some sort of comprehensive volume. That's actually always something I've wanted to do and I just haven't gotten around to doing it.
Not only is there not enough written about it, but it's also difficult to get access to the music itself. A lot of the hardcore and metal bands started around the same time, 80s or 90s, so there are very few recordings (that are still alive today) of what those bands sounded like–and even if there are, they're really bad recordings. It was so difficult to record, it was so expensive, and when you did record, you came up with something shitty because people didn't know how to record heavy distorted guitars back then. It's difficult to get a grasp of the history because of that. I mean, one can listen to old demos, but I don't think you're really getting the experience because that does not capture how awesome it actually sounded.
So a lot of it is oral history, a lot of people learn about older bands from what the older bands say. Which is kind of sad, and hopefully somebody will come around and write something more comprehensive.
As far as icons…depends on who you ask because like I said, the metal scene is very divided. Even some of the best bands around during the 90s, like Skychurch, a lot of people in the underground don't like them. They scoff at them for being a major label band, but I think (in terms of extreme metal at least) that Skychurch is the only band that is actually considered iconic. They were making music in 1997, and people respected them before they recorded an album, but once they recorded with Star Records, they lost that respect. So in terms of icons, it's difficult to pinpoint. It depends who you ask.
There are people who've been around for years, like Paul Magat of Kabaong ni Kamatayan and Stela Mariz–he's been keeping that thing alive forever. But at the same time, a lot of people also hate him for other reasons (mostly it's his old bandmates that hate him). And in the hardcore scene, you have Tame the Tikbalang and Badburn, but a lot of people would consider them sellouts for whatever reason. It's difficult to pinpoint icons in the scene because of how divided the scene is. Hopefully, that will change, but I don't know yet.
I'm really optimistic, but my real concern is that the music is out there for people to access, and people are able to get a hold of it and form their own opinions without much help. I'm really happy about that. There have been various attempts for bands to get more press or to actually publish stuff, physically or online, which so far have not been sustainable.
I like the fact that a lot of bands, especially underground bands, are getting attention from different places. For a long time, people did not think of the Philippines in terms of metal and hardcore. Which is weird, because there's a lot of it here. And there are a lot of bands who are actually really good. And I really think that all it takes is a few people to break through.
I just like the fact that people are making their own music, instead of waiting for someone to release stuff for them. I like the fact that people don't have to think about changing what they want to play in order to be able to release something. I like the fact that there are so many places to play now. We used to struggle because people wouldn't let you play if you were a bit heavy.
And I like that there are lots of tiny scenes around. Before, if the old guard (in metal) didn't like you, you sucked, you were branded as outcasts. Now you have these small scenes, little productions all doing their own thing within their own cities, which allows more variation in the music. And that alone is a lot more encouraging.
Duration: 39 mins. Recorded on July 28, 2012 in Quezon City, Metro Manila
Illustrated by by the lovely Joanne Tong


text:
Why after applying filter on a report, Workspace show site wise total whereas Reports and Analytics show filtered data in Totals
The reason workspace and reports & analytics shows different data for total as they both works on differently.
Applying a filter to R&A report shows the total for the returned line items. Whereas, workspace will show the site wise total as it includes all the rows in total.
In workspace total work as a static row, so if end user want to see the total of the returned line items or couple of line items then can select the rows for which user want's to see the total, right click on them and select option "Display Only Selected Rows". The total for selected line item will be displayed
Related Help Articles:
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subset: commoncrawl


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All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: that the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works.
[2 Timothy 3:16-17 (KJV)].
The word, progressive, is being used frequently now and has been applied for quite some time in the arena of politics and in professing Christian circles. Another word which is like a twin to the word, progressive, would be the word, liberal! A number of church groups have church leaders and clergy who claim to be "progressive" in their professed faith.
One example would be the United Methodist Church which has a considerable number who claim to be progressives as opposed to conservatives, evangelicals, etc. As of this writing (19/07/31) the UMC is in a war over the issue of human sexuality with progressives advocating support for those who live a same-sex lifestyle, including marriage. Conservatives are in opposition to this on basis of God's revelation in the holy Scriptures. Progressives claim cultural change, human reasoning methods, scientific studies, etc to establish their case.
Bishop John Shelby Spong is a retired bishop in the Episcopal Church and some time back put together what he refers to as the 12 Theses of progressive Christianity. He summarizes these in brief statements as given below. You will note that these statements are in direct conflict with God's revelation as given through the holy Scriptures.
The problem began to surface in this country at about the beginning of the 20th Century when some theological garbage was imported from Europe, particularly Germany! It boiled down simply to unbelief in God's activities as reported in Scripture. A bit later the controversy at the beginning of the 20th Century came to be known as the "modernist/fundamentalist" controversy. The modernists were those who did not believe certain portions of the Bible, especially where miracles were reported. Fundamentalists were those who did believe the miracles literally happened as reported. One of the miracles attacked early on was the virgin birth of Jesus and you will see Bishop Spong's reference to that in his theses.
The Twelve Theses
Understanding God in theistic categories as "a being, supernatural in power, dwelling somewhere external to the world and capable of invading the world with miraculous power" is no longer believable. Most God talk in liturgy and conversation has thus become meaningless.
2.Jesus – the Christ. If God can no longer be thought of in theistic terms, then conceiving of Jesus as "the incarnation of the theistic deity" has also become a bankrupt concept.
3.Original Sin – The Myth of the Fall
The biblical story of the perfect and finished creation from which we human beings have fallen into "Original Sin" is pre-Darwinian mythology and post-Darwinian nonsense.
4.The Virgin Birth
The virgin birth understood as literal biology is impossible. Far from being a bulwark in defense of the divinity of Christ, the virgin birth actually destroys that divinity.
5.Jesus as the Worker of Miracles
In a post-Newtonian world supernatural invasions of the natural order, performed by God or an "incarnate Jesus," are simply not viable explanations of what actually happened.
6.Atonement Theology
Atonement theology, especially in its most bizarre "substitutionary" form, presents us with a God who is barbaric, a Jesus who is a victim and it turns human beings into little more than guilt-filled creatures. The phrase "Jesus died for my sins" is not just dangerous, it is absurd.
7.The Resurrection
The Easter event transformed the Christian movement, but that does not mean that it was the physical resuscitation of Jesus' deceased body back into human history. The earliest biblical records state that "God raised him." Into what, we need to ask. The experience of resurrection must be separated from its later mythological explanations.
8.The Ascension of Jesus
The biblical story of Jesus' ascension assumes a three-tiered universe, which was dismissed some five hundred years ago. If Jesus' ascension was a literal event of history, it is beyond the capacity of our 21st century minds to accept it or to believe it.
The ability to define and to separate good from evil can no longer be achieved with appeals to ancient codes like the Ten Commandments or even the Sermon on the Mount. Contemporary moral standards must be hammered out in the juxtaposition between life-affirming moral principles and external situations.
Prayer, understood as a request made to a theistic deity to act in human history, is little more than an hysterical attempt to turn the holy into the servant of the human. Most of our prayer definitions of the past are thus dependent on an understanding of God that has died.
11.Life after Death
The hope for life after death must be separated forever from behavior control. Traditional views of heaven and hell as places of reward and punishment are no longer conceivable. Christianity must, therefore, abandon its dependence on guilt as a motivator of behavior.
12.Judgment and Discrimination
Judgment is not a human responsibility. Discrimination against any human being on the basis of that which is a "given" is always evil and does not serve the Christian goal of giving "abundant life" to all. Any structure either in the secular world or in the institutional church, which diminishes the humanity of any child of God on the basis of race, gender or sexual orientation must be exposed publicly and vigorously. There can be no reason in the church of tomorrow for excusing or even forgiving discriminatory practices. "Sacred Tradition" must never again provide a cover to justify discriminatory evil.
Source for Bishop Spong's theses in his own words are from Bishop Spong - 12 Theses of Progressive Christianity
It is wise to always weigh what is said in this world with what is said in the holy Scriptures, remembering Jesus' promise in the Gospel of John that the Holy Spirit would come -- He would guide us into the truth, teach us all things and show us things to come. (John 16) Jesus also clearly warned of the time coming when there would be many false prophets and teachers who would appear and deceive many! (Matthew 24).
For such are false apostles, deceitful workers, transforming themselves into the apostles of Christ. And no marvel; for Satan himself is transformed into an angel of light. Therefore it is no great thing if his ministers also be transformed as the ministers of righteousness; whose end shall be according to their works.
[2 Corinthians 11:13-15 (KJV)].


text:
Generation Y uses Facebook as a business card
Nowadays, Gen Y is entrepreneurial, decisive and this generation shows plenty of initiatives. That is also why 'Owner' is the fifth most popular job title for adolescents. As this generation is the first to be constantly online, it is important Read More
Posted in SocialMedia, Stats
Maintaining a relationship: Brand engagement matters
The number of Facebook fans is not a determination for a brand's ranking. There are other important factors to obtain a spot in the Facebook Relationship Quality Index. Fathom Analytics describes four elements that identify the relationship with a brand. Read More
Posted in SocialMedia, Stats
Top 10 Youth Trends for 2012
Almost every cool youngster is now owner of a smartphone, not only to stay in touch with friends but also to reflect his/her state of mind, keep an up-to-date agenda, download music and so, so much more. Despite having a Read More
Posted in Trends
Gen Y struggles with finances
A white paper commissioned by REST that surveyed 752 Gen Y'ers shows that GenY-youngsters are in debt much earlier than other generations. They also wait longer before acquiring assets. When we look at some numbers, it is quite remarkable that Read More
Posted in Stats


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Episode 135
I Am Porch
March 26th, 2020
1 hr 27 mins 5 secs
About this Episode
An update on all the cool online activities we're doing, including VR. The free video game Dauntless, Citizen Kane, and season 3 episodes 1-2 of Westworld.
Episode Links
- How to play SteamVR games on an iPhone with iVRy (New & Improved Version) - YouTube
- Play Dauntless | Dauntless


text: I took the dogs to the vet today to have Dr. C look at Pepper's arthritis and what we think are allergies in Barqs. Pepper also got her shots she didn't get in February because she was sick. I scheduled them today because I had to go pick up Sydney's 'cremains'. I was so scared they were going to just put her in one of those brass boxes that they put our ferrets in. They actually did very well with her. What I got back was a nice cedar box with a brass plate on the front with her name engraved. It has a lock on the front, keys included. This all came in a red velvet bag with embroidery that says something to the effect of 'Until we meet again on the other side of the Rainbow Bridge'


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"Jesus answered and said, 'Were there not ten cleansed? But where are the nine?'" Luke 17:17 NKJV
Let's read how Jesus healed these then lepers, and see what we can learn: (1) They seized the moment. "They lifted up their voices and said, 'Jesus, Master, have mercy on us!'" (v. 13 NKJV). Desperate people pray desperate prayers. Who cares about propriety and outward appearances when you're dying? These men realized that Jesus was "passing through" (See v. 11), and the worst thing that could happen was for Him to pass them by. So they seized the moment and cried out to Him. And you can do that too, because nobody can hear you like God (See Psalm 118:5). (2) They had to walk it out. Their healing wasn't immediate; it was a step-by-step process. " And so it was that as they went, they were cleansed" (Luke 17:14 NKJV). Often that's the way it works. And it's not just one step, but a commitment to plow through the obstacles and fears until you get to your miracle. But it's worth the effort, and you appreciate your deliverances more when you have to walk it out day by day by depending on God. (3) Only one out of the ten returned to give thanks. That's why Jesus asked, "Where are the nine?" Were they too busy? Or too self-absorbed? Or just forgetful? Notice what Jesus said to the one who came back: "Thy faith hath made thee whole" (v. 19). Physical healing is often accomplished through medicine, but you become "whole" in body, mind, and soul by spending time worshiping the Lord and getting to know Him.
This message taken from: Daily Devotional – The Word for You Today


text:
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text:
See who last uploaded an image?
A Former User last edited by
We have multiple people working in FOG, and we were wondering if we could have a field added to each image that indicated the username of the person who last uploaded the image. This is for accountability reasons.
If we can already do this, I haven't found it yet.
A Former User last edited by
@wayne-workman Good to know.
The people who would be looking at this wouldn't have that sort of access, so I guess I'm feature requesting that it be made available in the GUI.
Wayne Workman last edited by
@loosus456 The
historytable in the fog database has this sort of stuff in it already. This table isn't viewable in the GUI, but you can search through it via CLI.


text:
Looking for Holiday Packages?
Hours of Operation
Dress code
Appointment required
Tomatoes' breezy Mediterranean elegance and cuisine infused with fresh, seasonal ingredients set the stage for a memorable dining experience. The restaurant veranda overlooks swaying palms and the Sea of Cortez beyond, providing an ideal place for diners to enjoy the resort's oceanfront surroundings.
In the dining room, vividly patterned seats, tile floors, and stone arches lend a romantic touch.


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It was hard to find anyone who wasn't loving tacos during a recent Tuesday visit to the Saugerties unit of the Boys and Girls Club. More than 40 kids were digging into the south-of-the-border favorite provided by members of the Saugerties United Methodist Church.
This was the second week that church members who have made it their mission to feed the kids provided hot food for the youngsters. The previous week it was chili, also met with smiles of approval from the kids.
AnnChris Warren, director of the Saugerties Boys and Girls Club, said church members had recently contacted her about feeding the kids a hot meal at least once a week. Many of the kids get to the club right after school, play games, work on a computer, and get homework help from mentoring high-school students and community members.
Some remain there until 8 p.m.
"Most of these kids, come from one-parent families, or two-parent families where both parents work, and don't get picked up until 8 p.m." Warren explained. After that they might grab a quick meal at a fast-food restaurant or have a sandwich at home.
"For many of these kids, this might be the only hot meal they get all week," Warren added.
The volunteers at the Boys and Girls Club try to provide snacks for the kids, "but some days it's not much," Warren said.
Jesse Debbarman, a seventh grader who goes to the club daily, called the church hospitality "awesome."
"They (the church) bring enough food for everyone," Warren said. "Not everyone here gets a hot meal."
Warren said the church brings so much food that club volunteers are able to provide it to the kids for more than just Tuesday.
Evelyn Stokrocki and Cathy Graves were unloading the taco fixings last Tuesday. Church pastor Tony Mecca had come to the congregation talking about how many of the kids at the club were there for four or five hours without anything to eat. "And he suggested we could help the kids," Stokrocki said.
It was amazing how many members of the church stepped up to help, whether it was donating food, donating money for buy the food and helping prepare it, Stokrocki added.
Graves said the Methodists were going to the other local churches that were members of the Saugerties Area Council of Churches. With greater participation, "maybe we can get hot meals to all the kids."
Stokrocki and Graves said that church member Al McDowell was a tremendous help in picking up the food and delivering it.
Anyone, any church, or any business that might like to help with the effort to feed the kids can call the church office at 246-7802. "This is just so awesome what the church is doing for the kids," Warren said gratefully.


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Sense a theme here? I was inspired by Heaven-Ali's Great War Theme Read, which is based on the latest of the LibraryThing Virago group's successful and enjoyable themed reads (a closed group so I can't link to that), to pick up Vera Brittain's "Testament of Youth" to read in this Month of Re-Reading. Now, that's not the assigned read for this month, I know, but basically I'm taking inspiration but am not keen enough on war books in general to read them all through the year. So I thought I'd do my own form of In Memoriam and pick out books I love to re-read this year.
I was only going to do the Brittain, but then she mentions Brooke's poems in her book, and so I felt drawn to pick up this lovely copy that I have of his "1914 and Other Poems" to read through, too. I've since picked that wonderful compilation of First World War poems, "Up the Line to Death" to read slowly through the next few months, too. I don't think I've read that since I did a First World War poetry course during my degree, and I did that because I'd studied them in great detail for A and I think O level (my copy of "Up the Line to Death" is somewhat worryingly inscribed with my class name and room, although it has the pencilled-in price and Other Person's Name indicative of a personal second-hand purchase). But I thought it would be interesting to do that, too.
So, two First World War re-reads (and reviews of other reads coming soon – I have been reading since my last review, I promise!)
Vera Brittain – "Testament of Youth"
(25 May 2009, from my friend Julie, who was moving back to Australia. She gave me some boxes of books for BookCrossing but I saved this nice hardback for myself)
Her famous autobiography, covering the First World War and the terrible personal toll it took on her as she lost family and friends as well as suffering the horror and privations of being a nurse in England and France (I think everyone knows what happens but won't give details just in case). Beautifully written, of course, having been constructed out of real letters, poems and diaries as well as novelised and mulled over for a decade or two before this was written and published. The distance shows, as she is able to view her and others' changing feelings about the war with the objectivity gained from mature reflection, while representing the immediacy of those feelings through the vivid first-hand sources.
Even though this was at least my third time of reading, I had forgotten that there's a long pre-war section and a presentation of her life as an undergraduate returning to Oxford changed beyond belief after her experiences. The psychological and physical effect that 1914-18 had on her are laid out without self-pity, and we get to enjoy her growing friendship with Winifred Holtby as well as her romance with her future husband, as well as her and Winifred's work writing, lecturing and working for the League of Nations, that unfortunately doomed precursor to the UN. This had the effect of making it more contemplative and less harrowing, looking at the long-term effects of the war and people's attempts at constructing their own and a world peace. It's also a more feminist book than I remember from last time, with a good description of the worries of contemplating marriage when you've had a life of your own (more marked then than now, of course, but interesting in the context of some of my own recent experiences) and the pleasures of that rare thing in those days, a room of one's own, however basic, freezing and rife with domestic dramas.
My review from my last re-reading in December 1997:
"Bought 1 June 1997. I had read this before, but a long time ago. Almost unbearably moving – at one point I was reduced to unstoppable tears, because of both the losses she experienced and the damage to her."
I have to admit there were no unstoppable tears this time, but at times it was very hard to read and so poignant, especially a sentence about her eventual wedding. I'm really glad that I re-read this.
Rupert Brooke – "1914 and Other Poems"
(bought late 1980s)
As I mentioned above, I picked this off my "nice books" shelf to red because Brooke's poetry is mentioned in "Testament of Youth", as is Brooke himself. This has the famous early war poems, and was originally published in 1915, although I have the 30th impression from 1923. (I bought it at a book sale or Halls Bookshop in Tunbridge Wells for £3. It bears the ink inscription "To Bert Hewson, WIth every good wish, from Margaret Croker [?] 30.6.24". I probably bought it because I was in my late teens and in love with R. Brooke. This led me to unsuccessfully apply to King's College, Cambridge, who rejected me because I didn't want to take a year out. Anyway …)
This volume lacks the slightly more disillusioned poems that Brooke wrote later in the war, when he'd experienced the conditions we all know about, so has the purity of those early poems of patriotism, written when there really was that idealism about a noble death for one's country. It's important to remember that that is how people felt (or were made to feel by the political and military leaders) before the reality and horror set in, and also to remember that he was representing a commonly held belief. He wasn't a fool and he did realise, but he also died very early in the war, in 1915.
The war poems are almost unbearably poignant to read now, with the pages of history turned and the outcomes for Brooke and his compatriots and fellow soldiers of all nationalities known and mourned. I found myself feeling glad that he'd had the sunny, happy interlude in the South Pacific whence originate some of the "Other Poems" of this volume. "Grantchester" is included, too – I had completely forgotten how long it was and the humorous list of other places in Cambridgeshire – it's really rather an odd poem.
Reading this volume has led me to pick up "Up the Line to Death" again, an important collection of poems published in chronological order of their writing, which records the progress of the war and the shared idealism of the early days so very well. I recommend that volume as a very good companion to this year of remembrance.
Currently reading: I'm working through my re-reading pile although I haven't had quite as much reading time as I would have wished (I rather foolishly wished out loud that I could test out my new keyboard, leading me to get a massive load of transcription jobs in). Coming soon, reviews of some language and travel books, and some non-re-reads which I won this month from the LibraryThing Early Reviewers programme. I'm currently reading Tim Moore's "Frost on my Moustache", which is unfortunately sillier than I'd remembered, but is about Iceland in part … .


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Greeley out of running
June 28, 2003
Greeley is off the list and Windsor and Cheyenne are the final two sites competing for the $30 million Owens-Illinois bottle plant.
While there's been no public announcement by Owens-Illinois, Ron Klaphake, president of the Greeley-Weld Economic Development Action Partnership, said the company now is focusing its efforts on the sites in Windsor and Cheyenne.
The two Greeley sites considered were north of O Street and east of U.S. 85 but did not fit the company's list of criteria.
Nothing specific was cited, Klaphake said.
The plant, which would bring 150 jobs to the area, would be the first bottle plant the company has built in 20 years. It would bring tax revenue for the towns and financial perks that accompany a large-scale manufacturing plant.
The Greeley City Council offered the company $1 million as an incentive for choosing a site near Greeley.
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Even though the company didn't take the offer, the city still hopes the company will choose the Windsor site, Greeley Mayor Jerry Wones said.
"Our first objective, right from the beginning, is to get it in Weld County," Wones said.
Wones said he isn't sure why thecompany opted against the Greeley site but he heard the decision might have something to do with land prices, proximity to the Swift meatpacking plant and stockyards and railroad service details.
Still, the company seemed very interested in a Colorado site, Wones said.
Randy Bruns, president of the economic development effort in Wyoming's Laramie and Cheyenne counties, says he is anxious for the news, which would mean financial benefits to his town if Cheyenne is selected.
"It would be a nice capital investment, good jobs and a prestigious national company to have," Bruns said. "We don't have a big war chest by any means or a big pile of money on the table; we're just doing the best we can to meet their needs."
In Windsor, the plant would be physically smaller in size than the Kodak plant, but would have a smokestack to accommodate the large glass furnaces.
In Cheyenne, the company is considering land about five miles south of the city near Interstate 25.
The company would have about a 30-minute drive to reach the Anheuser-Busch brewery in Fort Collins. The 540,000-square-foot production plant will be the main supplier of 12-ounce bottles for the Fort Collins brewery.
While Bruns believes that both Windsor and Cheyenne have adequate work force and a good proximity to the brewery, long-term he thinks the bottling plant would be better in Wyoming.
There, the company can work with a wide-open area instead of trying to shoehorn such a large plant into Weld County that is surrounded by other developments, he said.
The company can also get much of the raw products it uses in its manufacturing from Wyoming, including natural gas, limestone, coal and soda ash.
But Windsor's leg up on Cheyenne might be that Owens-Illinois would not have to pay sales tax when it purchases manufacturing equipment in Colorado. In Cheyenne, it would. That equipment tax could easily run into millions of dollars.
"That is a disadvantage for Wyoming but we're trying to make that up in other ways," Bruns said.
Windsor also has the Metal Container Corp., a subsidiary of Budweiser.
Having a Budweiser bottle plant next to a canning supplier could be a good business move.
The company is looking at land near Weld County Road 66, east of Kodak and the Metal Container.
"It's a tossup, I really think it is," Bruns said.
– Jesse Fanciulli
contributed to this story


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2019–20 Time On Ice Stats
- Average Time On Ice: 16:52
- Average Power Play TOI: 2:20
- Average Short-Handed TOI: 0:34
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Recent RotoWire Articles Featuring Adam Henrique
Jason Chen breaks breaks down this year's biggest free agent defensemen signings.
AJ Scholz takes a dive into what NHL Seattle's 2021 expansion draft might look like, starting with a breakdown of protected players in the Pacific Division.
Kings veteran blueliner Drew Doughty makes Jordan Mazzara's list of Yahoo recommendations Wednesday.
Sasha Yodashkin is plugging in a Bolts stack Tuesday against the Maple Leafs.
Evan Berofsky analyzes the top waiver-wire options for the week as John Marino is back from injury for the Penguins.
Past Fantasy Outlooks
A late-November trade acquisition, Henrique fit right in with the Ducks by filling a gaping hole at center while compiling 20 goals and 16 helpers in 57 games. Henrique posted 14 points in 24 games with the Devils before the trade as well, bringing his season total to 50 points for the second time in three years. Thus, the 28-year-old earned a five-year extension worth $5.85 million annually, tying him down through the 2023-24 season. Since Ryan Kesler couldn't perform after hip surgery and may miss the entire 2018-19 season anyway, Henrique appears to be a locked into the second-line center role. A full campaign surrounded by the Ducks' skilled wingers will set Henrique up to surpass 20 goals for the fourth straight season, leaving 50 points well within reach.
Henrique trended decidedly in the wrong direction last season, dropping from 30 goals, 50 points and a plus-10 rating to 20 goals, 40 points and a minus-20. Both his goal-scoring and rating numbers have alternated rising and falling in each of the past six seasons, so the 27-year-old forward is due for an upswing if that pattern continues. Regardless of whether he plays center or wing, Henrique will slot in somewhere on the top two lines for the Devils. His limited passing ability for what projects to be a non-playoff team limits Henrique's appeal regardless of role.
Henrique finally hit the 30-goal mark in his fifth NHL season, but a dearth of assists left him one shy of his career-high 51 points. The offseason acquisition of winger Taylor Hall should help fix that issue, as it gives the 26-year-old pivot a bona fide scoring option to whom he can distribute the puck. With Travis Zajac unable to match his scoring punch and 19-year-old Pavel Zacha still too raw for such an important role, Henrique is locked in as the first-line center in New Jersey. The improved talent around him suggests this will be his best campaign yet, even if he experiences some regression from last season's career-high 20.1 percent shooting percentage.
Henrique turned in a second consecutive 43-point season in 2014-15, leading the Devils in scoring and playing a key role on the top power-play unit. After exploding for 25 goals in 2013-14, Henrique found twine just 16 times last season, due in part to injury trouble that plagued his linemates along with puck-moving blueliners Adam Larsson and Marek Zidlicky. While Henrique has regressed since posting 51 points in his rookie season, the 25-year-old is a solid two-way center who plays on the top power-play unit and is locked into a top-six role. The Devils still lack significant offensive firepower up front, so it's hard to see Henrique taking a big step forward next season. It's still likely he'll improve slightly on the 16 goals, but expect another season of him settling around the 45-point range.
One of the few offensive players with upside on New Jersey's roster, Henrique played with a mish-mash of linemates last season and suffered from the same inconsistent offensive production that characterized the Devils as a whole. That said, there were several flashes of scoring from the former Windsor Spitfire, including a six-game stretch immediately following the Olympic break which saw him tally nine of his team-leading 25 goals. Henrique has been the anchor on New Jersey's offense as a center with a penchant for being in the right place. He should challenge 30 goals this season if the Devils can find an offensive identity with their plethora of aging veteran forwards to complement Henrique.
One of New Jersey's more talented younger players, Henrique enters his third NHL season as one of the team's top centers. He missed a handful of games at the start of the shortened season with a wrist injury, but returned to register 11 goals and 16 points for the offensively challenged Devils. Look for Henrique to be slotted alongside some of the team's top forwards such as Patrik Elias or Jaromir Jagr and for him to build on the 51 points he recorded as a rookie while sandwiched between Zach Parise and Ilya Kovalchuk. Clearly, Henrique has shown the ability to play alongside stars, now the Devils need him to establish himself as a legitimate offensive threat. His value remains higher in keeper leagues, but those in single season leagues will want to roll the dice on an upside play like this former Windsor Spitfire.
Henrique followed his solid 18-goal, 51-point rookie campaign with a solid playoff performance, notching two series-winning overtime goals in New Jersey's run to the Stanley Cup Finals. Henrique established himself as one of the top young players in the NHL last year and has even higher value in keeper leagues. Despite his solid numbers, Henrique finished the season with just three goals after the All-Star break and played most of the season between Zach Parise and Ilya Kovalchuk. He'll enter the season as one of New Jersey's top centers and should challenge 60 points even without Mr. Parise riding shotgun. Bump him up a few spots in keeper leagues.
Henrique was one of the Devils' top scorers for it's AHL club, Albany, last season with 50 points in 73 games. He played one game in the NHL and is behind several other centers on the team's depth chart. Look for him to start the season in Albany and be called up when the Devils suffer injuries at the center position.
Henrique stands out as one of the top prospects in the New Jersey system. He shined in four seasons with the Windsor spitfires, averaging close to a point per game in 238 junior-league contests. Better yet, Henrique is expected to take his all-around game to the professional level in 2010-11, and he will suit up in the NHL from the start.


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Due to safeguards in place to protect our fulfillment center employees and Canada Post delays, shipments are delayed. Orders can be expected between 5 and 20 business days. We appreciate your understanding.
Tasting notes:Partake PALE is an award-winning craft brew made using simple ingredients (water, barley, hops, yeast) and mixes fruity and floral hops varietals that infuse the beer with bright flavours of orange zest, grapefruit and a whisper of pine. Pouring a deep amber hue with a bright white head, this pale ale is dry on the palate with a delightfully crisp finish.
Food Pairing:The fruity, citrusy and floral notes make this ale great to pair with herbaceous Mexican food like chicken tacos topped with zesty guac and cilantro or toasted tortilla chips paired with salsa verde. Like it hot? Try pairing this beer with jerk chicken wings, or a spicy curry, the hop bitterness will kick up a dishes' capsicum heat.
The Verdict:With a medium bitterness balanced by a caramel malt sweetness and perfumey, tropical aromatics, this pale ale is will please both beer geeks and beer newbies alike.
INGREDIENTS: Water, Barley, Hops, Yeast


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Luxury Countryhome / Mansion
Rottach-Egern, Germany
. Details .
Purchase pricePurchase price on request
Object No.10319
LocationRottach-Egern, Germany
Date built1990
Garage / Car parking space
Living spaceca. 711 m²
Acreageca. 276 m²
Plotca. 3.886 m²
Commission3,57 % v. Netto-Käuf.-Courtage inkl. MwSt
Very beautiful and quiet residential area in a dead-end road of Rottach-Egern. The citycentre can be reached by foot comfortably in only a few minutes.
DescriptionThe first floor is divided into a granny flat with separate entrance and a sleeping area with four rooms, dressing room and 2 bathrooms. It is designed with a wooden coffered ceiling, integrated lighting, as well as, plank flooring. The attic offers a children´s room with big bathroom plus another hideaway as modernly built out and enclosed apartment with approx. 73 sqm. living space with a large bedroom / living area with integrated kitchen, freestanding fireplace and stylish bathroom. You can also find a luxury apartment with approx. 100sqm, which has been built only around 5 years ago. On the first of two underground floors you can find the exceptionally designed and daylight-flooded swimmingpool with attached sauna, hobby-room, as well as the large underground carpark for around 6 cars and a car-lift. From here you can get to the second of the two underground-floors where you can find the whole housing technology. Heating is secured by an oil-central-heating system.
MiscWellnessarea with pool and sauna, CCTV with newest technology, BUS-System, best and extensive housing technology, oil-centralheating with outdoor tank, floor-heating, electric blinds, ground floor, foyer, living room are equipped with "salzburg marble", inside doors made of solid timber with hand-forged fittings, granny flat newly designed + new design-bathroom, separate garagehouse with 2 car spaces, double-garage integrated into the main-house with car-lift for the house´s underground carpark, multiple outdoor car spaces. Built in 1990, extensively modernised in 2002, 2011+2012 and 2015.


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We take a look at the history of the BBC's Formula One theme song
We all know it, and we all love it, but what exactly is the history of the BBC's famous Formula One theme song, and why is it that it has had such an effect on generations of race fans? Anyone growing up between the late 1970s and early 90s will no doubt associate the fantastic bass line with the promise of imminent high speed Formula One action, while looking back sadly on the twelve years where ITV won the rights for coverage of the sport and instead inflicted some immediately forgettable nonsense upon us in place of the classic theme.
The theme tune is taken from The Chain, by Fleetwood Mac, although anyone listening to that song for the first time would be excused for wondering what exactly the link between the two is. In fact, the actual Formula One theme tune part of The Chain doesn't begin until around two minutes and fifty seconds into the song - seemingly an odd place for something with such strong intro characteristics.
Nevertheless, The Chain has gone down in history thanks to Formula One, but in truth it would have managed to be noted as successful in its own right given the fact that it is the only Fleetwood Mac song credited to all five members of the legendary Rumours era of the band. Lindsey Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, Christine McVie, john McVie and Stevie Nicks all received a writing credit on the track, which featured on their 40,000,000 selling album Rumours, which is considered by many to be one of the finest rock and roll albums ever written.
So next time you hear the Formula One theme tune starting up you'll be able to dazzle your friends with some relatively useless trivia!
- Tags:
- motoring news,
- Fleetwood Mac,
- formula one theme song,
- the chain


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The National Rifle Association defended its call for armed guards to be placed in schools and ceded no ground on tougher gun laws, while some Republicans also questioned whether new firearms rules would help prevent gun violence.
"One more law on top of 20,000 laws" already on the books would do no good, NRA Executive Vice President Wayne LaPierre said on NBC's "Meet the Press" Sunday. He faulted federal authorities for failing to adequately enforce existing regulations, saying that felons who attempt to buy guns rarely are prosecuted.
Mr. LaPierre also defended the NRA's proposal to put armed guards in school, saying, "If it's crazy to call for putting police in and securing our schools to protect our children, then call me crazy." He added: "I think the American people think it's crazy not to do it."
Asked if the NRA would help pay for its proposal to place armed guards in every school, Mr. LaPierre instead suggested the funds could be found in the federal budget. He said that if the U.S. can pay to train police in Iraq, which it has been doing since the American-led invasion that toppled the Saddam Hussein regime, it could also afford to underwrite the NRA plan.
Sen. Charles Schumer (D., N.Y.), appearing on the program immediately after Mr. LaPierre, said one couldn't reduce gun violence without considering access to firearms and ammunition. That would be "like trying to prevent lung cancer without talking about cigarettes," he said.
He said Mr. LaPierre had misread public concern following the Newtown, Conn., massacre.
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Perceptual Discrimination
Perceptual Discrimination
This chapter examines Aristotle's notion of perceptual discrimination, which he discusses in De Anima III.2 (426 b 8-427 a 16) and III.7 (431 a 20 b 1). In the first of these passages the solution from De Sensu 7 seems to be rejected because it cannot account for perceptual discrimination of two or more homogeneous special perceptibles, e.g. black and white. That solution is supplanted by another one in which Aristotle compares the discriminating capacity to the geometrical point. This analogy is closely examined and an interpretation of its application to the case of perceptual discrimination of homogeneous special perceptibles is proposed. This interpretation is then supported, if only tentatively, by an analysis of a notoriously difficult passage from De Anima III.7. It is concluded that Aristotle's explanation of simultaneous perception and perceptual discrimination of two or more homogeneous special perceptibles is rather unsatisfactory.
Keywords: De Anima, De Sensu, simultaneous perception, perceptual discrimination, common sense, point analogy, homogeneous, heterogeneous, perceptibles
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The Structural Awards 2019
Energi People are proud sponsors of the Structural Awards 2019, this year sponsoring the award for Structural Transformation. Find out which projects are shortlisted here.
Energi People are proud sponsors of the Structural Awards 2019, this year sponsoring the award for Structural Transformation. Find out which projects are shortlisted here.
Energi People feature in Recruiter's 2019 FAST 50. Read this post to find out why in a challenging economic climate and operating in a sector that is experiencing significant skills shortages, we're experiencing strong growth.
Discover what the UK structural engineering jobs market is paying with the Energi People UK structural engineering salary guide 2019.
Find out how we're addressing gender disparity in the recruitment industry with people and family-friendly policies and flexible hours.
Our Consultant in the Spotlight this week is Chantal Comeau who's a Recruitment Consultant on our M&E Commercial desk. Read on to find out more about Chantal and the market in this post.
Having the January Blues could be a sign that your technical career is stagnating. But before you start looking for a new job read this post to explore the key signs that your career has hit a dead end.
Quantity Surveyors and Cost Consultants are in short supply making it challenging to recruit and retain experienced professionals. In this post Cathy Richardson explores why a focus on retention is just as important as attraction when recruiting quantity surveyors.
What technical recruitment trends for 2020 will help you recruit more effectively this year? Read on to explore 5 key trends for recruiting technical candidates in the construction engineering, IT and cyber security fields.
Want to find a new technical job this year? You've come to the right place! Read on for a checklist that will help you differentiate yourself from other technical candidates and get the best technical jobs going.
Over the next decade Generation Z will dominate the workforce, so how can you recruit and engage young people from this generation? Here Alex Christie shares the factors that make a difference.
Our Christmas competition is open with a top prize of a Fortnum and Mason hamper, with champagne and chocolates for the runners up. Are you feeling lucky?
Read on to find out more about our Tech & IT recruitment desk and contracting in the public sector in this 'consultant in the spotlight' interview with Emily Bailey one of our Senior Tech Recruitment Consultants.
Who won the Award for Structural Transformation at the Structural Awards 2019? Find out here.
What trends are shaping the cyber security job market? Here we explore 5 key trends from 2019 which we expect to continue into 2020.
Find out about our recent Energi away day and our goals and vision for the business and our team.
Faced with the question of what your salary expectations are, do you know what you're worth in today's job marketplace? Here we explain how to find out.
Hurricane Dorian tore apart large parts of the Bahamas in September. On Saturday 23rd November Energi People are hosting a One Love fundraising event to support the Sandals Foundation Hurricane Relief Fund. Read on for more details.
How to changes to IR35 affect you? If you're a contractor in construction, engineering, technology or other technical fields, read on to find out how new legislation could affect your employment status
Find out what the Energi team has been up to over the last few months and what's coming up this autumn. Read our post for news and events.
Do wearable devices have the potential to improve health and safety in the construction industry? We explore 3 IoT enabled devices that are making construction sites safer.
Find out more about the CAD recruitment market and the challenges candidates and clients face in this interview with our CAD senior consultant Emma Jackson. Read on to learn more about her role and this area of technical recruitment.
Don't wait until the New Year to make a resolution to find a new job, September is a much better time of year to kickstart your new job search! Here's why.
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EPDM Flat Roofing In the past, conventional flat roofs were covered with felt, bitumen or asphalt. Freezing temperatures along with wind and UV rays from sunlight, damage these products and give them a limited life span. Sooner or later they need replaced with a new roof system to eliminate the risk of leaks. These days, […]Read More
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A few beautiful weeks of sun on our backs and the Jubilee weekend is upon us it is not surprising that Zebrano has had its busiest week of 2012. Our rattan garden furniture is flying off the shelves and demand simply exits. Our emails are giving under pressure and Judy and Amanda in our sales office has been fantastic to meet all the demands of our customers.
I've been looking at the bestseller list this week, but it seems that everything is for sale! If I had to pick our best seller this week, it would probably be the set of Manuka rattan sofa. We have sold off the sofa suite Manuka in our coffee, but we still have some left in the black. Other fast selling items are our wicker chairs. We still have reasonable levels of wicker loungers actions as a whole despite being sold out of some forms of color.
sold out of the sun loungers loungers Pescara Black, Brown Manuka sun and sunbeds on the black Verona. If you are interested in a summer, resting in the way of rattan then now might be time to break a sullen as they sell quickly. Tables and chairs are also selling well, but we are still showing a good level of stocks of most of the suites at this time. I'll try to let you know what you are selling over time so you can avoid disappointment, as in this time of year, once exhausted no more to come in until 2013


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Abrasive blasting
Abrasive blasting is the operation of forcibly propelling a stream of abrasive material against a surface under high pressure to smooth a rough surface, roughen a smooth surface, shape a surface, or remove surface contaminants. A pressurized fluid, typically air, or a centrifugal wheel is used to propel the media. The first abrasive blasting process was patented by Benjamin Chew Tilghman on October 18, 1870.[1]
There are several variants of the process, such as bead blasting, sandblasting, and sodablasting.
- 1 Types
- 2 Equipment
- 3 Media
- 4 Safety
- 5 Applications
- 6 See also
- 7 References
- 8 Bibliography
Wet abrasive blasting
Common features include: the ability to use extremely fine, or coarse, media with densities ranging from plastic to steel; the ability to use hot water and soap to allow simultaneous degreasing and blasting; Elimination of Dust - so silicacious materials can be used without worry, hazardous material or waste can be removed without danger - e.g. removal of asbestos, radioactive, or other poisonous products from components and structures leading to effective decontamination.
The process is available in all conventional formats including hand cabinets, walk in booths, automated production machinery and total loss portable blasting units.
Process speeds can be as fast as conventional dry sand blasting when using the equivalent size and type of media. However the presence of water between the media and the substrate being processed creates a lubricating cushion that can protect both the media and the surface from excess damage. This has the dual advantage of lowering media breakdown rates and preventing impregnation of foreign materials into the surface. Hence surfaces after wet blasting are extremely clean, there is no embedded secondary contamination from the media or from previous blasting processes, and there is no static cling of dust to the blasted surface. Subsequent coating or bonding operations are always better after wet blasting than dry blasting because of the cleanliness levels achieved. The lack of surface recontamination also allows the use of single equipment for multiple blasting operations - e.g. stainless steel and carbon (mild) steel items can be processed in the same equipment with the same media without problems.
Bead blasting
Bead blasting is the process of removing surface deposits by applying fine glass beads at a high pressure without damaging the surface.
It is used to clean calcium deposits from pool tiles or any other surfaces, and removes embedded fungus and brighten grout color. It is also used in auto body work to remove paint.
Wheel blasting
In wheel blasting, a wheel uses centrifugal force to propel the abrasive against an object. It is typically categorized as an airless blasting operation because there is no propellant (gas or liquid) used. A wheel machine is a high-power, high-efficiency blasting operation with recyclable abrasive (typically steel or stainless steel shot, cut wire, grit or similar sized pellets). Specialized wheel blast machines propel plastic abrasive in a cryogenic chamber, and is usually used for deflashing plastic and rubber components. The size of the wheel blast machine, and the number and power of the wheels vary considerably depending on the parts to be blasted as well as on the expected result and efficiency. The first blast wheel was patented by Wheelabrator in 1932.[2]
Hydro-blasting, commonly known as water blasting, is commonly used because it usually requires only one operator. In hydro-blasting, a highly pressured stream of water is used to remove old paint, chemicals, or buildup without damaging the original surface. This method is ideal for cleaning internal and external surfaces because the operator is generally able to send the stream of water into places that are difficult to reach using other methods. Another benefit of hydro-blasting is the ability to recapture and reuse the water, reducing waste and the impact on the environment.
Micro-abrasive blastingMain article: Abrasive jet machining
Micro-abrasive blasting is dry abrasive blasting process that uses small nozzles (typically 0.25 mm to 1.5 mm diameter) to deliver a fine stream of abrasive accurately to a small part or a small area on a larger part. Generally the area to be blasted is from about 1 mm2 to only a few cm2 at most. Also known as pencil blasting, the fine jet of abrasive is accurate enough to write directly on glass and delicate enough to cut a pattern in an eggshell. The abrasive media particle sizes range from 10 micrometres up to about 150 micrometres. Higher pressures are often required.
The most common micro-abrasive blasting systems are commercial bench-mounted units consisting of a power supply and mixer, exhaust hood, nozzle and gas supply. The nozzle can be hand-held or fixture mounted for automatic operation. Either the nozzle or part can be moved in automatic operation.
Automated blasting
A fully automated blasting system usually includes contained surface preparation and coating applications.
Dry ice blasting
In this type of blasting air and dry ice are used and with the help of a huge mass and air pressure the parent material is cleaned without destroying the properties of the parent material.
Bristle BlastingMain article: Bristle Blasting
Bristle Blasting is, unlike other blasting methods, a process not needing any blast media. The surface is treated by a brush-like rotary power tool made of dynamically tuned high-carbon steel wire bristles. Repeated contact of the rotating sharp bristle tips with the surface results in localized impact, rebound, and the formation of craters, thereby simultaneously cleaning and coarsening the surface.
Portable blast equipment
Mobile dry abrasive blast systems, are typically powered by a diesel air compressor. The air compressor provides a large volumes of high pressure air to a single or multiple "blast pots". Blast pots are pressurized, tank like containers, filled with abrasive material, used to allow an adjustable amount of blasting grit into the main blasting line. The number of blast pots is dictated by the volume of air the compressor can provide. Fully equipped blast systems are often found mounted on semi-tractor trailers, offering high mobility and easy transport from site to site.others are hopper fed types making them light weight and more mobile
In wet blasting, the abrasive is introduced into a pressurized stream of water or other liquid, creating a slurry. Wet blasting is often used in applications where the minimal dust generation is desired. Portable applications may or may not recycle the abrasive.
Blast cabinet
A blast cabinet is essentially a closed loop system that allows the operator to blast the part and recycle the abrasive. It usually consists of four components; the containment (cabinet), the abrasive blasting system, the abrasive recycling system and the dust collection. The operator blasts the parts from the outside of the cabinet by placing his arms in gloves attached to glove holes on the cabinet, viewing the part through a view window, turning the blast on and off using a foot pedal or treadle. Automated blast cabinets are also used to process large quantities of the same component and may incorporate multiple blast nozzles and a part conveyance system.
There are three systems typically used in a blast cabinet. Two, siphon and pressure, are dry and one is wet:
- A siphon blast system (suction blast system) uses the compressed air to create vacuum in a chamber (known as the blast gun). The negative pressure pulls abrasive into the blast gun where the compressed air directs the abrasive through a blast nozzle. The abrasive mixture travels through a nozzle that directs the particles toward the surface or workpiece.
Nozzles come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and materials. Tungsten carbide is the liner material most often used for mineral abrasives. Silicon carbide and boron carbide nozzles are more wear resistant and are often used with harder abrasives such as aluminum oxide. Inexpensive abrasive blasting systems and smaller cabinets use ceramic nozzles.
- In a pressure blast system, the abrasive is stored in the pressure vessel then sealed. The vessel is pressurized to the same pressure as the blast hose attached to the bottom of the pressure vessel. The abrasive is metered into the blast hose and conveyed by the compressed gas through the blast nozzle.
- Wet blast cabinets use a system that injects the abrasive/liquid slurry into a compressed gas stream. Wet blasting is typically used when the heat produced by friction in dry blasting would damage the part.
Blast room
A blast room is a larger version of a blast cabinet and the blast operator works inside the room. A blast room includes three of the four components of a blast cabinet: the containment structure, the abrasive blasting system and the dust collector. Most blast rooms have recycling systems ranging from manual sweeping and shoveling the abrasive back into the blast pot to full reclaim floors that convey the abrasive pneumatically or mechanically to a device that cleans the abrasive prior to recycling.
In the early 1900s, it was assumed that sharp-edged grains provided the best performance, but this was later demonstrated to not be correct.[3]
Mineral: Silica sand is the most commonly used type of mineral abrasive. It tends to break up quickly, creating large quantities of dust, exposing the operator to the potential development of silicosis, a debilitating lung disease. To counter this hazard, silica sand for blasting is often coated with resins to control the dust. Using silica as an abrasive is not allowed in Germany, Britain, Sweden or Belgium for this reason.[4]
Another common mineral abrasive is garnet. Garnet is more expensive than silica sand, but if used correctly, will offer equivalent production rates while producing less dust and no safety hazards from ingesting the dust. Magnesium sulphate (kieserite) is often used as an alternative to baking soda.
Agricultural: Typically, crushed nut shells or fruit kernels. These soft abrasives are used to avoid damaging the underlying material such when cleaning brick or stone, removing graffiti, or the removal of coatings from printed circuit boards being repaired.
Synthetic: This category includes corn/wheat starch, sodium bicarbonate, and dry ice. These "soft" abrasives are also used to avoid damaging the underlying material such when cleaning brick or stone, removing graffiti, or the removal of coatings from printed circuit boards being repaired. Sodablasting uses baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) which is extremely friable, the micro fragmentation on impact exploding away surface materials without damage to the substrate.
Additional synthetic abrasives include process byproducts (e.g., copper slag, nickel slag and coal slag), engineered abrasives (e.g., aluminum oxide, silicon carbide aka carborundum, glass beads, ceramic shot/grit) and recycled products (e.g., plastic abrasive, glass grit).
Metallic: Steel shot, steel grit, stainless steel shot, cut wire, copper shot, aluminum shot, zinc shot.
Many coarser media used in sandblasting often result in energy being given off as sparks or light on impact. The colours and size of the spark or glow varies significantly, with heavy bright orange sparks from steel shot blasting, to a faint blue glow (often invisible in sunlight or brightly lit work areas) from garnet abrasive.
Cleaning operations using abrasive blasting can present risks for workers' health and safety, specifically in portable air blasting or blast room (booth) applications. Although many abrasives used in blasting rooms are not hazardous in themselves, (steel shot and grit, cast iron, aluminum oxide, garnet, plastic abrasive and glass bead), other abrasives (silica sand, copper slag, nickel slag, and staurolite) have varying degrees of hazard (typically free silica or heavy metals). However, in all cases their use can present serious danger to operators, such as burns due to projections (with skin or eye lesions), falls due to walking on round shots scattered on the ground, exposure to hazardous dusts, heat exhaustion, creation of an explosive atmosphere, and exposure to excessive noise. Blasting rooms and portable blaster's equipment have been adapted to these dangers.
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) mandates engineered solutions to potential hazards, however silica sand continues to be allowed even though most commonly used blast helmets are not sufficiently effective at protecting the blast operator if ambient levels of dust exceed allowable limits. (Respiratory protection is approved by NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health).
Typical safety equipment for operators include:
- Positive pressure blast hood or helmet - The hood or helmet includes a head suspension system to allow the device to move with the operator's head, a view window with replaceable lens or lens protection and an air feed hose.
- Grade D air supply (or self contained oil-less air pump) - The air feed hose is typically attached to a grade D pressurized air supply. Grade D air is mandated by OSHA to protect the worker from hazardous gases. It includes a pressure regulator, air filtration and a carbon monoxide monitor/alarm. An alternative method is a self contained oil-less air pump to feed pressurized air to the blast hood/helmet. An oil-less air pump does not require an air filter or carbon monoxide monitor/alarm, because the pressurized air is coming from a source that cannot generate carbon monoxide.
- Ear protection - ear muffs or ear plugs.
- Body protection - Body protection varies by application but usually consists of gloves and overalls or a leather coat and chaps. Professionals would wear a cordura/canvas blast suit (unless blasting with steel abrasives, then they would use a leather suit).
In the past, when sandblasting was performed as an open-air job, the worker was exposed to risk of injury from the flying material and lung damage from inhaling the dust. The silica dust produced in the sandblasting process would cause silicosis after sustained inhalation of the dust. In 1918, the first sandblasting enclosure was built, which protected the worker with a viewing screen, revolved around the workpiece, and used an exhaust fan to draw dust away from the worker's face.[5]
Several countries and territories now regulate sandblasting such that it may only be performed in a controlled environment using ventilation, protective clothing and breathing air supply.
Worn look jeans
Many consumers are willing to pay extra for jeans that have the appearance of being used. To give the fabrics the right worn look sandblasting is used. Sandblasting has the risk of causing silicosis to the workers, and in Turkey, more than 5,000 workers in the textile industry have been stricken with this disease, and 46 people are known to have died due to this. Sweden's Fair Trade Center conducted a survey among 17 textile companies that showed very few were aware of the dangers caused by sandblasting jeans manually. Several companies said they would abolish this technique from their own production.[6]
The lettering and engraving on most modern cemetery monuments and markers is created by abrasive blasting.
Sandblasting can also be used to produce three dimensional signage. This type of signage is considered to be a higher end product as compared to flat signs. These signs often incorporate gold leaf overlay and sometimes crushed glass backgrounds which is called smalts. When sandblasting wood signage it allows the wood grains to show and the growth rings to be raised, and is popular way to give a sign a traditional carved look. Sandblasting can also be done on clear acrylic glass and glazing as part of a store front or interior design.
Sandblasting can be used to refurbish buildings or create works of art (carved or frosted glass). Modern masks and resists facilitate this process, producing accurate results.
Sandblasting techniques are used for cleaning boat hulls, as well as brick, stone and concrete work. Sandblasting is used for cleaning industrial as well as commercial structures, but is rarely used for non-metallic workpieces.
See also
- Abrasive machining
- Abrasion (mechanical)
- Shot peening
- ^ Smil, Vaclav (2005). Creating the twentieth century: technical innovations of 1867-1914 and their lasting impact. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 9780195168747. http://books.google.com/books?id=w3Mh7qQRM-IC&pg=PA211.
- ^ "BRIDGEPORT PROJECT / SOUTHWEST DIVISION HISTORY". http://www.crra.org/pages/proj_bridgeport_history.htm. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
- ^ 1919 Popular Science article on types of minerals found to be suitable for sandblasting - Little Grains of Sand, Popular Science monthly, February 1919, page 64, Scanned by Google Books: http://books.google.com/books?id=7igDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA64
- ^ "OSHA Asked to Ban Silica in Abrasive Blasting". Paint Square. 11 May 2009. http://www.paintsquare.com/news/?fuseaction=view&id=2875. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
- ^ Making Things Easier for the Sand-Blaster, Popular Science monthly, December 1918, page 76, Scanned by Google Books: http://books.google.com/books?id=EikDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76
- ^ Buer, Kathleen (December 11, 2010). "Dette dør folk for [People are dying for this]" (in Norwegian). TV 2 Norway. http://www.tv2nyhetene.no/utenriks/dette-doer-folk-for-3363725.html. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
One Retailer's Stand Against Sandblasted Denim
- Manufacturing Processes Reference Guide by Robert H. Todd, Dell K. Allen, and Leo Alting—1st ed.
- Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Handbook, Vol 1 : Machining, 4th Edition, 1983. Society of Manufacturing Engineers
- Abrasive blasting
- Industrial processes
- Cleaning
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Look at other dictionaries:
Abrasive blasting — Abrasive blasting. См. Абразивная обдувка. (Источник: «Металлы и сплавы. Справочник.» Под редакцией Ю.П. Солнцева; НПО Профессионал , НПО Мир и семья ; Санкт Петербург, 2003 г.) … Словарь металлургических терминов
Ultra-high pressure abrasive blasting — Der englische Begriff ultra high pressure abrasive blasting (UHPAB) bezeichnet ein zu den Strahlverfahren[1] gehörendes Oberflächenvorbereitungsverfahren, das heißt, ein Verfahren, das eine Oberfläche zum Beschichten mittels Flammstrahlen… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Abrasive machining — is a manufacturing process where material is removed from a workpiece using a multitude of small abrasive particles. Common examples include grinding, honing, and polishing. Abrasive processes are usually expensive, but capable of tighter… … Wikipedia
Abrasive jet machining — For the process that uses water as a carrier, see Water jet cutter. Abrasive jet machining (AJM), also known as abrasive micro blasting, pencil blasting and micro abrasive blasting,[1] is an abrasive blasting machining process that uses abrasives … Wikipedia
Abrasive — An abrasive is a material, often a mineral, that is used to shape or finish a workpiece through rubbing which leads to part of the workpiece being worn away. While finishing a material often means polishing it to gain a smooth, reflective surface … Wikipedia
Dry-ice blasting — used to clean a rubber mold Dry ice blasting is a form of abrasive blasting, where dry ice, the solid form of carbon dioxide, is accelerated in a pressurized air stream and directed at a surface in order to clean it. The method is similar to… … Wikipedia
Rock blasting — is the controlled use of explosives (or other methods such as gas pressure pyrotechnics or plasma processess) to excavate, break down or remove rock. It is practised most often in mining, quarrying and civil engineering such as dam or road… … Wikipedia
Bead blasting — is the process of removing surface deposits by applying fine glass beads at a low pressure without damaging the surface. It is used to clean calcium deposits from pool tiles or any other surfaces, and removes embedded fungus and brightens grout… … Wikipedia
grit blasting — [1] A sandblasting process where grit is used to clean the metal surfaces and is available in various grades for coarse or finer blasting on thin steel. [2] A cleaning of the spark plug electrodes by bombarding them with abrasive particles … Dictionary of automotive terms
Абразивная обдувка — Abrasive blasting Абразивная обдувка. Обработка пескоструйным аппаратом. Процесс, применяемый для чистки или финишной операции посредством струи абразива, направленного на заготовку с высокой скоростью. Abrasive disk Абразивный диск.(1)… … Словарь металлургических терминов


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EDNY Judge Finds Violation of Supervised Release in Sex Offender Case Where Defendant Refrained from Participating in Treatment in "Meaningful Manner"
How many people haven't clicked with their therapists and moved on to another? Imagine being sentenced to therapy and not clicking with the assigned therapist, but not having the option of switching? That's a predicament in which more than a few defendants have found themselves. If so, United States v. Porter, 03-cr-0129 (CPS), 2008 WL 5377946 (E.D.N.Y. December 23, 2008), is required reading. Advise your client to grit their teeth and comply, or (while still gritting their teeth) respectfully request the court for the right to enroll in an alternative program because the approved one is not optimal. Just don't do what Porter did: make snide and sarcastic comments, disrupt group therapy sessions with legal discussions, fail to do assignments on the grounds they were unimportant, and then stop showing up and enroll in another program that is not approved by the Probation Department. While EDNY Judge Sifton recognizes that Porter and his therapist may not have been a good "fit," he points out that "there is no evidence that Mr. Porter ever complained about [her]." Moreover, he points out that that Porter "deliberately refrained from participating in sex offender treatment in a meaningful manner," and, citing three cases from the Sixth and Eighth Circuits, he holds that "[m]ere attendace is not 'participation.'" Accordingly, Porter was held to have violated the conditions of his supervised release and awaits sentencing.
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