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Drop in any time to engage with employers, faculty and staff on Tuesday, Sept. 10, from 4 to 6 p.m. and Wednesday, Sept. 11, from noon to 2 p.m. in C2205 Lafferre Hall. They will review resumes, conduct mock interviews and provide any other student support you need to prepare for the Fall 2019 College of Engineering Career Fair. Pre-registration is not required. For more information, contact the MU Engineering Leadership, Engagement & Career Development Academy at email@example.com or (573) 884-1907.
Sponsor: Engineering Leadership, Engagement and Career Development Academy
Wednesday, September 11, 2019 at 12:00pm to 2:00pm
Lafferre Hall, C2205
38.946225456230295, -92.33013358836058
Engineering, Computer Science, Chemical Engineering, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Industrial & Manufacturing System Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Women in Engineering, Career Services
Mizzou Engineering Leadership, Engagement and Career Development Academy
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The Dylana Sketch
I never could draw very well, but my stroke affected the right side of my body, and I'm right-handed. So writing and drawing became difficult physically as well as aesthetically. But I've been perfecting my tracing skills! I just find a catalogue or magazine model in a pose that would demonstrate the garment's unique aspects, trace her, and draw new clothes on her. Sometimes I have to recreate limbs that are clothed in the original photo but bare in my conception. I'm getting better at it.
There are a three or four photos I find myself repeatedly tracing, just as the models themselves seem to have favorite poses. For me, a good tracing photo has a dark image on a light-colored background. The model is posed to show off her clothing (as opposed to her hair) and there are no confusing elements like foliage or props hiding body parts. It's surprisingly hard to find all these qualities in one shot. No wonder I use the same ones over and over!
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November 2017

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The 7,899-ton passenger ship China (Yard No. 299) was launched this afternoon from the northern end of the yard for the Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Co. Ltd., London.
The owners were represented at the lauch by Mr Taylor and Mr Petticrew. China was the fifth steamer built on Queen's Island for P&O and was 500 feet in length by 64 feet in beam. She was fitted with two pole masts and schooner rigged. Her single screw was driven by a triple-expansion engine developing 7,500 indicated horse-power and also constructed by the builders at their engine works next to the Abercorn Basin.
The captain's and officers' cabins, the chartroom and wheelhouse were on the boat deck and the accommodation for 308 1st and 156 2nd Class passengers were accommodated on the hurricane, spar, poop, main and lower decks.
The vessel was fitted up as a s first-class mail and passenger steamer and also had a full installation of electric light, refrigerating chambers for cargo and stores and the latest hydraulic deck machinery.
A fire at Harland & Wolff resulted in the destruction of a large quantity of her furniture and internal fitting resulting in a serious delay in the completion of the vessel.
(See: Titanic Stories - A Link with Liners Past: Part Two - The Alexandra Graving Dock)


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Recent Projects of K & K Inc.
Providing premier pipeline and general construction services.
At K & K Inc., our projects are completed with a high level of quality workmanship and construction. Our goal is to always deliver and exceed expectations.
Check out some of our recent projects by clicking on the links below.
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Compressor Station
Northern Natural Gas


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In this episode of your Music Biz 101 & More podcast, Huge engagement director Sean Rosenberg talks mobile strategies in the music business, what bands should think of when it comes to social media, & more. Listen 'cause this dude's smart.
The (Un)Official Site of William Paterson University's Music Business & Pop Studies Programs


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Lichens deploys qualified, talented and experienced O & M team with a
view to operate the pollution control facilities regularly and maintain the same
to achieve the desired output.
Our efficient and highly trained service support team is always prepared to attend
all your service calls to solve all the problems in the plants. They train your
personnel on all the operating and maintenance procedures of the plants. Our talented
team of workers also undertakes operation & maintenance, annual maintenance
contracts to ensure all the plants that are supplied, operated and maintained properly.


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The History of The Irish...Worldwide
On top of roof and window, Those boys stood up to fight, 'Til the burning of the cottage And no escape in sight.
It was around 4 pm on a chilly afternoon on Sunday, February 20th in Garrylaurence, Clonmult, County Cork. Irish Volunteers Michael Desmond (left) and John Joe Joyce talked excitedly as they stood around the farmhouse well filling their comrade's canteens The two 22 year-olds from Mid…
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A man was arrested after the abbot was shot dead at a temple in Muang district before dawn on Monday in full view of other monks and devotees attending morning prayer.
The murder occurred around 5 am at Wat Suwanpakdi in tambon Thakum, Muang district, said Pol Capt Kanthaphon Sakkhaprom, a duty-officer at Muang police station.
Phra Khru Kittisarakosol was lying dead on the monks' dais in the pavilion where prayers are offered when police arrived.
The abbot, 60, had three gunshot wounds, one in the stomach and two in the head.
About 60 horrified devotees were milling around in tears over the loss of the abbot.
Thammarit Jullasin, 56, spokesman for the temple who witnessed the attack, said a lone man carrying a pack of milk entered the pavilion and walked toward the abbot as if about to make an offering.
Instead, he pulled out a gun and fired at the abbot in full view of people attending morning prayer. The gunman then left.
Police arrested Pinit Siriroop, 61, at his home in Muang district around 6 am. He was taken Muang police station for interrogation.


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Welcome to CENFACS' Online Diary!
11 December 2019
Post No. 121
The Week's Contents
• Capacity Development for Absorbing Climate Investment
• All-in-Development Winter e-Discussion: Volunteering in the 2020s
• Community Value Chains: CENFACS' as a "Quadranscentennial" ("Q") Community or the Closing Act of the "Q" Year and Project
… and much more!
Key Messages
~ Capacity Development for Absorbing Climate Investment (CDACI) project
Last week, we published our festive guide with exciting built-in poverty-relieving contents. This week, we are going further mile in dealing with one these contents, which is CDACI project
CDACI is one of CENFACS' Starting XI projects for this Autumn 2019. This project will help us to revisit our Capacity Development programme for Africa-based Organisations, individuals working in these organisations and their beneficiaries.
CDACI is as well a response to enable at the same time individuals, organisations and their environment to put in place an organised system in order to welcome climate investment and use it responsibly without waste.
Under the Main Developments section of this post, we have provided more information about CDACI background, aim, objectives and expected outcomes or results. However, for the full project proposals including budget, please do not hesitate to contact CENFACS.
~ All-in-Development Winter e-Discussion: Volunteering in the 2020s
Volunteering in the 2020s is CENFACS' 9th Winter volunteering e-discussion since we launched in 2010 our discussion on Volunteering for Poverty Reduction in the 2010s. These 2019 wintry discussions will focus on how we can reduce poverty and enhance sustainable development through Volunteering in the 2020s.
As the 2010 decade will come to an end at the end of this year, we need to start to think about our voluntary work. This is important as CENFACS is a volunteering-involved and based organisation, meaning that CENFACS relies much on volunteers in order to deliver its services and programmes. It also means we need to start planning for this next decade or at least for the next year in terms of the way we would like to volunteer so as to continue to achieve CENFACS' mission, aim, objectives and charitable objects.
Under the Main Developments section of this post, there is more information about this key content of Volunteering in the 2020s.
~ Community Value Chains: CENFACS' as a "Quadranscentennial" ("Q") Community or the Closing Act of the "Q" Year and Project
The third key message of this week's post is the start of our preparation for the end of the year 2019 through our December celebratory project the Community Value Chains, the CENFACS Community. This end of year, this celebration will be carried out under the theme of CENFACS as a "Q" Community.
CENFACS as a "Q" Community will be the 10th theme of celebration of the CENFACS' Community and the Closing Act of the "Q" Year and Project.
Under the Main Developments section of this post, we have provided more information about this theme and year's celebration.
Extra Messages
~ The 2010s Programme is nearing end of its life
As CENFACS' 10 year programme (the 2010s programme) is nearing end of its life, some of the projects and activities making this programme will be closed by the 31st of December 2019.
After 31 December 2019, there will not be any more activity and service updates, fixes, reviews and enhancements for the would-be closed initiatives. Other activities that may deem to be worth keeping and still in demand within the community will transition to 2020.
Our preparedness for the new decade's poverty relief programme continues as planned. This month is the last one for anybody to add their input to the incoming 2020s programme. To add you say, just fill the comments box on this website and submit your input, or contact CENFACS.
~ Climate Protection and Stake for African Children – Phase 3: Madrid Makes It Work as a Working Theme
As said in our previous communications, we are following the climate talks in Madrid. Our advocacy about making the climate talks work for African children is still in progress while the international climate community is deliberating about the climate issues at these talks.
Last week, we released the Compendium of CENFACS' Climate Advocacy. This resource (Compendium) highlights the talking points that we would like to see implemented in the new decade.
One can hope this time; the climate community's talks will not be a missed opportunity for the climate protection and stake of children in terms of decisions to be made and actions to be taken at the end of these talks.
From what will emerge from the Madrid climate talks as final outcomes, we shall decide the next step of our climate advocacy. In meantime, those who want to discuss with us about our Climate Follow-up Talks project or any aspect of the Compendium of CENFACS' Climate Advocacy, they are welcome to contact CENFACS and we are more than happier to discuss with them.
~ Autumn Humanitarian Appeal 2019: Only 1 week and half remaining!
Our Autumn Humanitarian Appeal (AHA) 2019 will end soon. You can support poor people, flora, fauna, communities and organisations in Africa before the official end of Autumn 2019. Your support can make data change their lives.
With only £2, you can create 2 benefits: 1 benefit for humans and 1 benefit for other living beings.
For example, in times of serious risk of the extension of the African tropical bio-diversity, your £1 will be more than welcome to start reversing this risk.
To support and or enquire about AHA 2019, please go to http://cenfacs.org.uk/supporting-us/
Main Developments
• Capacity Development for Absorbing Climate Investment (CDACI project) or Absorptive Capacity Project
Project Justification
To successfully apply and have a responsible spending capacity for any investment to reduce the adverse impacts of climate change, any organisation be it small or medium or even big needs to have the absorption capacity required for any amount of investment received or to be received.
They may need it to be able to smoothly absorb or channel the incoming climate funds (such as the Green Climate Fund, the Clean Air Fund, etc.) into their systems. It is not enough for organisations to say for example "we need funding" or "when the funding will come, we will know what to do with it". So, having in place an absorption capacity or absorptive plan is better than thinking to decide later.
In concrete terms, let say an organisation may claim they need £1 million funding to tackle climate change. The question is: do they have the infrastructures, structures, capacities, skills and knowledge to efficiently consume this seize of money on green or climate initiatives without wasting it? Having an established absorption capacity or an absorption capacity in construction can help to respond to this question.
Project approach
There are many theories or approaches of absorption capacity (such as macroeconomic one through the balance of payments or business approach with absorption costing). The approach taken in this project is basically about developing capacity (i.e. skills, knowledge and abilities) that would enable African organisations and individuals working in these organisations to be able to absorb any potential climate investment available in the market without waste.
Project aim
CDACI aims at reducing poverty due to the lack of knowledge, infrastructures, structures and skills while enhancing the capacity of Africa-based organisations so that they can absorb any suitable incoming climate investment for climate change adaptation and mitigation. In doing so, they will be in a better position to reduce poverty, particularly but not exclusively green poverty, within their community.
Project objectives
Amongst the objectives that can help to achieve the above aim are the following:
√ Develop skills, abilities and capabilities in the area of managing climate fund and investment
√ Integrate climate needs as an integral part of organisational budget
√ Develop realistic project proposals and activities to absorb this fund
√ Establish a clear link between climate fund and poverty relief outcomes
√ Able to measure investment received against poverty relief outcomes
√ Transform and equip organisational infrastructures and structures to become resilient and adaptable to the adverse impacts of climate change
√ Support the transition of these organisations from a linear economic model to a circular economic model
√ Spread the benefits of climate investment within their community and amongst their end users
Project beneficiaries
The end beneficiaries of this project will be individuals working in Africa-based organisations as well as their end users.
The above potential beneficiaries can be part of the following identified recipients:
√ Workers and volunteers of skill-deprived Africa-based Organisations
√ Individuals working to reduce green poverty
√ Poor farmers and pastoralists who need climate investment
√ Training organisations, trainers, capacity builders and developers who will develop the capacity of others to absorb climate investment
√ The victims of the negative impacts of climate change (e.g. climate refugees and migrants)
√ Indirect beneficiaries such as women and children who will benefit from clean air, sustainable energy and so on
Project outcomes
It is hoped that at the end of the project, the following generic outcomes will be achieved:
√ Reduction of green poverty by an acceptable percentage or rate
√ Reduction of skill deprivation in the area of absorption capacity
√ A good number of people or organisations will become capable of better absorbing climate investment
√ More poor farmers and pastoralists will have access to climate fund and will utilise it adequately
√ Project beneficiaries will become empowered with climate skills, knowledge and techniques
Besides the above generic benefits or outcomes, there will be specific outcomes (both in quantitative and qualitative terms) which will be generated at the level of each recipient of climate investment. Each recipient of climate investment will be treated on their own merit as far as project outcomes are concerned.
Briefly, CDACI is the capacity development of Africa-based organisations, individuals working or making these organisations and their beneficiaries. It is three cross-linked layers of capacity (i.e. individual capacity, organisational capacity and environmental capacity) that this project is dealing with.
To support or to request full project proposals, please do not hesitate to contact CENFACS.
• All-in-Development Winter e-Discussion
• • Volunteering in the 2020s
A new decade could mean many things such as other ways of volunteering or just an improved way of volunteering. As our work in CENFACS is mostly volunteering-based, we need to start to think about the roles, tasks and activities for our volunteers in the new year and new decade.
Their roles, tasks and activities will depend on the challenges we will face as an organisation; challenges both within and outside CENFACS. If we can put it in marketing terms, we shall say the threats, risks, uncertainty and transition. They will depend as well on opportunities and new spaces which the new year and new decade will bring along with them.
One of these factors or conditions could be the exit or non-exit of the UK from the EU. This can make us to develop a policy to rise above these exiting or non-exiting challenges in order to keep our voluntary work running smoothly and delivers on poverty reduction outcomes for others.
There could be opportunities and open spaces for our work. If so, how can we seize these new windows of opportunity and space to volunteer in a way that meet the needs of our users?
Besides this question, there are other factors such as the climate economy and energy transition. These factors also demand that the make-up of our volunteers' roles, tasks and activities have to be fitted for these types of economy and transition so that our service delivery and users' expectations are not adversely affected.
The new decade is too crucial in terms of the pace and speed, including security and durability, that poor people will make to meet the United Nations Seventeen Sustainable Development Goals and the Agenda 2030 by 2030, together with the package of the climate talks that have been held now in Madrid. This additional factor requires us to further plan on the roles, tasks and activities to be undertaken by volunteers to help us successfully rise our work above the 2020s' challenges and demands.
Therefore, our Winter e-volunteering discussion, which already started since the 5th of this month is briefly on the following:
√ The potential challenges of the 2020s as a new decade
√ The opportunities of the 2020s decade
√ Rethinking volunteers' roles, tasks and activities in the light of the 2020s probable events and poverty relief and sustainable development architectures (For example: What the messages and signals of international calendars of events and forecasts or outlooks published by other organisations are sending to us in terms of poverty relief and sustainable development)
√ The needs of users in the 2020s: (How we can anticipate them, plan and develop services and activities to meet them? What the evidence and data especially the big data are telling us)
√ The 2020s volunteering budget and other resources
The above points are some of those issues we have identified so far which are being discussed and put to all our supporters to help us in providing their inputs.
To add your views about Volunteering in the 2020s, please contact CENFACS.
•• Supporting All in Development Volunteer Scheme (AiDVS)
It is possible to support CENFACS and its AiDVS from wherever you are (at home, work, away, online, on the go and move etc.).
Supporting us does not need to be magical and majestic.
You can still enjoy a great festive season while you are supporting us.
There are many simple helpful and useful ways of adding value to our voluntary work.
Here are some suggestions on ways of supporting with wintry and festive news, information and products:
- Gift ideas for the best ways of monitoring, evaluating and reviewing projects and programmes in the new year and new decade
- Savings and scrimping for AiDVs
- Festive deals, packages, coupons and vouchers for AiDVs
- Technologies for volunteering to make the world a better place for a low-carbon and sustainable future we all want
- Low carbon economic products to protect the environment
- Digital and media support to better volunteer for a climate-friendly and sustainable world
- Festive gifts for sustaining for voluntary work in the new year and decade
- Wintry and festive giveaways for volunteering for a better world, etc.
To e-discuss Volunteering in the 2020s, please contact CENFACS or just forward your comments, views and experiences to us. Likewise, to find out the previous themes of CENFACS' Winter Volunteering E-Discussion since its inception in 2010, please contact CENFACS.
• Community Value Chains –
CENFACS' as a "Quadranscentennial" ("Q") Community or the Closing Act of the "Q" Year and Project
• • What is CENFACS' Community Value Chains (CVC)?
It is a community value control, inspirational and motivational project of end-of- year celebration introduced by CENFACS in 2009. The project is based on a basic idea of development which is as follows.
What one of our community members best does which well works for them can have an underlying good value. If there is a good value, it is desirable to share such value so that other community members could be aware of it and build a sort of chains of beliefs and community spirit/principles within our support network.
It is all about improving lives and outcomes of community members and enlivening capacities by sharing good practices, values and achievements; while learning from past mistakes.
In doing so, we can pull together as one community, strengthen our links and bonds, learn our differences and harness transformative changes we all want amongst us and beyond our self-interests.
CENFACS' CVC or the CENFACS Community is our voluntary local and non-profit making arm inside which all our projects and activities carried out in the UK are grouped and delivered; the other two domains being CENFACS International and CENFACS Fund for Poverty Relief and Development.
• • What are those Shared Values?
Good practices and good values do not need to be big or exceptional or even spectacular. They are the simple good things we do every day, which may have worked for us and could work for others as well.
They could be life and work learning experiences, lifestyles, helpful differences, social responsibilities and principles that underpin them.
• • In focus for CVC 2019 Celebration:
CENFACS as a "Quadranscentennial" ("Q") Community or the Closing Act of the "Q" Year and Project
This celebratory theme for CVC's 10th Celebration of CENFACS as a "Q" Community is the closing Act of the "Q" Year and Project. It is about uniting all our experience, knowledge and talents that made us a community of values and chains that lasted 25 years or so.
The poverty-relieving value and founding principle that guided us and underpinned our work since 1994 continues until today in making us to last 25 years. This value helped us to build and develop a chain and a system of values and beliefs that made us a community we are today.
The "Q" aspect of our community is the lasting legacy of our work within the above period. CENFACS as a "Q" Community will be remembered once more in 2019 in three ways as follows:
√ A community of poverty-relievers
√ A community of sustainable economic developers
√ A community of change makers
• • Share, Spread & Tweet the message
To enable us to build chains with you and others and to keep our support network alive, please spread the message to/pass it on around you.
If you feel that you need first to talk to us before responding to this invitation of en-of-year celebration, please let us know.
If you prefer to respond via e-mail, you are free to do so at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Whatever way/means you choose to enter this project, please reply by the 23rd of December 2019 to ease the end-of-year 2019 celebration and the start-of-year 2020 preparatory activities, projects and programmes.
For further details about this Closing Act of the "Q" Year and Project as well as the previous Acts of 2019 as a "Q" Year, please contact CENFACS. For the timeline of the themes that made the Community Value Chains so far, please contact CENFACS.
Help CENFACS keep the Poverty Relief work going
We do our work on a very small budget and on a voluntary basis. Making a donation will show us you value our work and support CENFACS' work, which is currently offered as a free service.
Donate to support CENFACS!
FOR ONLY £1, YOU CAN SUPPORT CENFACS AND CENFACS' PROJECTS, JUST GO TO http://cenfacs.org.uk/supporting-us/
Thank you for visiting CENFACS website and reading this post.
Thank you as well to those who made or make comments about our weekly posts.
We look forward to receiving your regular visits and continuing support throughout 2019.
With many thanks.


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Treat your star friend to a day at the races!
PUBLISHED: 16:12 02 December 2009 | UPDATED: 11:39 12 August 2010
This Christmas, the Kenrish Times has teamed up with Brands Hatch owners MotorSport Vision to launch a special competition for four readers
This Christmas, the Kenrish Times has teamed up with Brands Hatch owners MotorSport Vision to launch a special competition for four readers.
We're offering hard working members of the community the chance to enjoy an unforgettable Christmas treat: a festive day out at the famous Kent circuit.
If somebody in your local area has dedicated their year to helping others, has suffered a particularly difficult time, or generally deserves a pick-me-up, we'd like you to nominate them for our special Christmas competition.
A group of four winners will be invited to Brands Hatch on Sunday 13 December to enjoy a high speed festive treat, as two will take part in a RaceMaster circuit driving experience.
With RaceMaster, they'll receive tuition in the powerful BMW M3 - capable of 0-60mph in just four seconds - from an expert instructor, before completing some flying laps in a Formula 1-style single seater race car.
You can even nominate deserving people who haven't yet got their driver's licence, as Brands Hatch is also providing a high speed passenger ride in the superb BMW M3 with a professional driver at the wheel for one winner. The younger members of your community can also enjoy a special day out, as the Kent circuit is offering one lucky teenager the chance to enjoy a YoungDrive! introductory driving lesson in a BMW 1 Series.
Junior nominees must be aged at least 13 and measure 4'10'' tall in order to win a basic driving skills lesson from a DSA-approved instructor.
For more information about the driving experience prizes call 0870 950 9000 or visit www.msvdrivinggifts.com.
l To nominate someone you know for our Brands Hatch Christmas competition, just write between 200 and 250 words describing who your nominee is and why they deserve a special day at Brands Hatch this Christmas.
Send your entry together with your full name, address, telephone number and email address to Joe Shackley, Brands Competition, Kentish Times Newspapers, Roxby House, Station Road, Sidcup, Kent, DA15 7EJ.
All Entries must be received by Friday, December 7.
If you value what this story gives you, please consider supporting the Bromley Times. Click the link in the orange box above for details.


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There are two powerful technologies transforming internal enterprise processes as well as external customer-facing business processes. These technologies are Internet of Things (IoT) enabled Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled Chatbots respectively. IoT software and systems are transforming ERP solutions through significantly enhanced abilities to connect people, processes, data, and things in one repository. Chatbots represent an advanced technology for automated Customer Relationship Management (CRM) solutions.
This research evaluates key ERP vendors and their IoT initiatives, the transition from traditional ERP to IoT enabled ERP, and the impact of IoT enabled ERP on enterprise as a whole. This research also provides and in-depth assessment of the AI enabled Chatbots market including Chatbot companies strategic initiatives, Chatbot CRM solutions, applications, and services. It also evaluates current Chatbot developments and role of Machine Learning and other AI technologies.
The research includes Global and Regional forecasts for IoT enabled ERP software and services as well as Chatbot forecasts for the period 2017 – 2022. All purchases of Mind Commerce reports includes time with an expert analyst who will help you link key findings in the report to the business issues you're addressing. This needs to be used within three months of purchasing the report.
Select Report Findings:
- Chatbots are moving aggressively beyond CRM in leading industry verticals
- Stand-alone Chatbots are expected to contribute 40% of the market by 2022
- Consumer Chatbot applications will continue to lead the market through 2022 with $744M in revenue
- There will be an incremental $49.9 billion market opportunity for IoT ERP software and services by 2022
- About 50% of the global small, mid-sized, and large enterprises will deploy some kind of IoT enabled ERP by 2022
- Virtually all enterprise functions will require significant transformation to prepare for and maintain IoT enabled ERP
- Network operators
- IoT solution providers
- ERP solution providers
- Next generation UI companies
- Artificial Intelligence companies
- Systems integration companies
- Cloud and AI solution providers


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The Turing Test (discussed in the previous section) was the first attempt at resolving the question of machine intelligence. It was a behavioural test, judging intelligence based not on inner processes, or faithfulness to neuronal structure, but purely on a computer's ability to verbally communicate. This approach elicited numerous objections: Why should behaviour be the final test on intelligence, hadn't psychology moved away from behaviorism? How can behavior suffice if the internal mechanisms controlling it are nothing like a human being's? How can a conversation capture all of human intelligence? These questions essentially reduced themselves to the question of whether one could pass the Turing Test, that is, produce passable conversational speech, while still possessing no 'real' intelligence. This argument has been stated in numerous ways, but perhaps none more eloquent than John Searle's Chinese Room metaphor.The Thought Experiment (An Adaptation of Searle's Original)
Searle asks the reader to imagine a room, with a man trapped inside. The man speaks no Chinese, nor could he even confidently distinguish Chinese characters from random lines of similar structure. One day, as he is sitting in the room, someone slips a piece of paper under the door with (what he assumes to be) Chinese writing on it. Having puzzled over it for a moment, he notices that there is a book in the room titled "What to do if someone slides some Chinese writing under the door." Having nothing better to do, the man proceeds to open the book and begin reading. The book, he finds, is actually an enormous set of instructions for producing new Chinese symbols based on what comes in. The rules instruct him on how to produce new Chinese symbols, based on the ones received. They are all if-then type statements describing a pattern in the text and the appropriate action or response. He follows these rules, using the piece of paper handed to him, and produces a new sheet, which he slides back under the door. The next day, another sheet comes in, he again opens the rule book, finds out which symbols to write and in which order, and passes the completed sheet back out. At no time does the man understand what he's doing as anything more than symbol manipulation, he does not understand the words coming in, or the words going out, he isn't even sure they ARE words - but it's more exciting than doing nothing, so he continues. What the man in the room does not know, is that the symbols coming in are questions, written in Chinese, and that the symbols he produces in turn are answers to those questions. What's more, the book of instructions has been written so well that his answers are not only proper Chinese, but they make sense, and are indistinguishable from an actual Chinese speaker. Outside, the world is amazed that this room can actually understand Chinese, that the room is intelligent. Inside though, we know that the man understands no Chinese whatsoever!The Conclusion
What Searle describes is a system that produces intelligent, meaningful output, in the absence of true understanding. If you accept this counter-example, then the Turing Test is doomed. The Chinese Room would pass the Turing test, even though it lacks understanding and intelligence. Searle's argument has, naturally, produced its own share of furious debate, and several strong counter-arguments have been levelled at it. The adaptation presented here is meant to familiarize students with the ideas Searle is trying to convey, but the thought experiment and the debate surrounding it deserve a more thorough analysis. Thus, two readings are provided for further elaboration of the argument and its replies.


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Parents Cry Foul Over Bullying Kindergarten Teacher's Penalty
What isn't so common is to see the teacher take on the role of bully as part of the job description. That is what allegedly happened in the Riverdale Schools in Hancock County, Ohio, according to a WTOL-TV report. A surveillance camera caught teacher Barb Williams apparently grab kindergartener Ian Nelson, lift him in the air, and then put him down and hold the 6-year-old by the face and shirt against a wall.
What really has set off the criticism, though, has been the school's reaction. Williams was suspended for ten days without pay but retains her job. The suspension time runs through the end of the school year. The sheriff's department has opened an investigation that could lead to criminal charges.
According to the WTOL report, Ian's father Anthony Nelson said that his son and Williams had not been getting along in class, but that the action was unwarranted.
"I put my trust in the education system to do education, not discipline," Nelson said. "Discipline? You call me. I can come to the school. I can take care of the situation. I can assess the situation and see how bad things are.
As the elder Nelson told WLBT-TV: "I would consider what would happen to myself, if I were to do that to her. If I were to do that to her, I would go to jail."
Nelson also told WLBT that he and his wife had complained about the teacher last November and asked to have their son moved to another class. The principal said that Williams was a "highly recommended teacher" and refused to transfer Ian.
Riverdale Schools Superintendent Eric Hoffman apologized to Ian's parents but stood by his decision to limit the punishment to the suspension in a conversation with WTOL.
"Anytime parents send us their children, we want to take care of them and it's unfortunate that it did happen, but after it happened we're dealing with it as we move through the process," he told the station in a video interview.
A family member of Williams said that the teacher has hired a lawyer.
A number of parents told WTOL that Williams is a "well-liked teacher" and some sent emails in support. But there were more emails "calling for her to be fired."
Toledo News Now, Breaking News, Weather, Sports, Toledo


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This article is written by Trevor McDonald.
It was 8 a.m. on a Monday morning, and my alarm clock had been buzzing for nearly an hour. I was going to be late to work again. My pain kept me up until about 3 a.m. the previous night, and it was back with a vengeance. Time to pop another opioid painkiller. Could I remember a time when I wasn't high?
Everything is a little fuzzy, and the pain persists. These pills aren't working like they used to. I'd stop taking them altogether if only I could. But I can't…
Not everyone who takes opioid painkillers gets addicted, but many people do. When your pain is chronic, and painkillers are the only reprieve, it's difficult to avoid addiction.
Like every other fortunate addict, I eventually found my way out. But painkillers were no longer an option. I have scoliosis and suffer from chronic back pain from a bulging disc. Even after dragging myself back from the pits of addiction, I suffered. I wish I could convey how hard it was to go through recovery with chronic pain, but I know some of you know exactly what it's like. I'm not the only one who has walked this path.
The pain was a constant trigger and it held me back from living a full life. One day, I decided to take control. It's easy to feel hopeless in the face of adversity. But it's important to remember that most problems have solutions.
Traditional methods failed me, but I found hope and happiness through alternative forms of therapy. I want to share the methods that worked for me, but I'm a firm believer that everyone is different. When it comes to alternative therapies, especially, there is no one-size-fits-all solution.
Here are some of the alternative therapies that worked well for me.


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Typhani Harris | September 2016
The Syllabus: 3 Ways to Make it Engaging
It is common practice to provide a syllabus in secondary levels. However, we tend to just read through it with our students. This is boring, uneventful, and results in students forgetting the important information. Here are my top 3 ways to engage in the syllabus in secondary levels.
It is interesting that we spend so much time preparing engaging and interactive activities when presenting new content information to students, yet when it comes to our year-long expectations we tend to stand at the front and merely read through the multiple pages we call a syllabus. Our syllabi outline the important information students need to know in order to be successful in our classes, so shouldn't this be just as engaging?
When introducing your Syllabus In Secondary Levels, consider some of the following ideas to help students retain the important information.
Scavenger Hunt
A scavenger hunt is a great way to engage the students in finding and justifying important expectations. List important items for students to find and let them hunt away! This can be done in groups as a competition, or you can place questions around the room and have students get up and move around. Similar to a gallery walk, give students a minute or two at each question, where they find the answer and then rotate. You can use this same gallery walk as a prediction relay. Before giving out the syllabus in secondary levels, place important categories (from the syllabus) around the room.
Using sticky notes, have students predict what they think should be in each category by placing their prediction on a sticky note on the poster. This can also be set up as a competition, where students receive "points" for each correct prediction. At the culmination of any of these activities, have students justify why the expectation is set, explaining why they think it is important. This will also open the lines of communication where students may add additional items to the syllabus in secondary levels. If they think something should be added, consider adding it.
Syllabus Relay
The syllabus relay is simply a syllabus quiz in an interactive form. Set up your room with either two or four sides, and a bell/buzzer, or something to grab in the middle. Pose questions regarding the information found in the syllabus, and have groups run to the center when they have found the answer. This can get loud and chaotic (which is not a bad thing), so ensure you have set parameters and procedures for your students so they understand the safest way to enjoy the relay.
You Design It
Allow students to design their own syllabi. This can be done in a whole class setting, or in groups. Design the cover to the syllabus, with standard information such as, contact info, general class info, grading scale, etc., specific things that are non-negotiable. Then set up additional sections that students can contribute to like, rules, consequences, makeup or absent work, or student leadership roles. Allowing students to help design the expectations will give them an active role in their education.
Get access to The Teacher Locker with a plethora of downloadable resources that you can use in your classroom immediately. Our most recent Teacher Locker Series covered curriculum, buzzwords, secrets & lies, student ownership, grading options, and first days of school. Get access to all of these resources today!


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Wouldn't it be handy to have one place for all your GameSessions games? To see all the games you have installed or played? Read about the GameSessions desktop client to find out more!
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Introducing Humble Game of the Week – Shadow Tactics: Blades of the Shogun
After the success of the Humble Happy Hour, we've decided to offer something even better…Humble Game of the Week! This means that we'll be offering an extended free trial of a game which you will have a whole week to access.


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Spicy Smoked Fish Balls with a Mango Salsa and Creame Fraiche
Instead of serving uninteresting fish balls, this recipe spices things up somewhat. The Mango Salsa adds extra zing that combines to make a tasty dish.
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Portions: Makes 6 Portions or 30 balls
Preparation: 20 minutes
Cooking: 10 -15 minutes
Fish Balls
- 400g cod fillet or haddock (firm white fish)
- 200g tiger prawns , peeled
- 3 tbsp chopped corriander
- 1-2 red birds eye chillis finley chopped
- 1 garlic clove, chopped finley
- 2 spring onions, finley chopped
- juice of 1/4 lime
- 1 tsp thai fbish sauce (optional)
- 1 egg white
- Pinch maldon salt and ground pepper
- 150g sesame seeds
- 4 tbsp sesame oil
Smoking Mixture
- 4 Star aniseeds
- 3 tbsp saw dust
Mango Salsa
- 1 large ripe mango, diced into1-1.5cm
- 6 cucumber, in 1cm dice
- 2 spring onions finley chopped
- 2 tbsp corriander, chopped
- 2 tbsp mint leaves, shredded
- juice of 1/2 a lime
- 1 tsp olive oil
- pinch maldon salt and freshly ground pepper
To Serve
- 120g rocket leaves or other salad leaves (optional)
- 6 tbsp crème fraiche
- Fish Balls: Place the fish, prawns, egg white, corriander, garlic, chilli, spring onion, fish sauce , lime juice and seasoning in a food processor or blender and puree until smooth and well combined ( the mixture should be firm not runny if it is runny add more seafood). Take the mixture and make into balls about the same size as a golf ball, then roll into the sesame seeds so that they are well covered. Place ina covered container in the refigerator for at least 30 minutes to firm or until ready to cook.
- To Smoke: Place the saw dust and star anise in a smoker or on foil in a wok or oven tray. Place the sesame oil on a tray or plate and roll the fish balls lightly in it them place the balls on a rack above the smoking mixutre and cover the container. Place the container over a moderate flame and smoke slowly for 10-15 minutes. The temperature must remain moderate or the smoke flavour will over power the fish. The balls are ready when slightly golden and firm. Serve hot or cold (refigerate until ready to serve).
- Mango Salsa: Place all the salsa ingredients in a container and mix until well combined. Leave at least 10 minutes to allow the flavours to mingle.
- To Serve: Place the rocket or salad leaves on each plate and then a couple of tablespoons of salsa in the centre of each plate. Arrange 3-5 hot or cold fish balls on the salsa followed by a tablespoon of crème fraich. Alternatively you may serve the balls as a canape or as part of an Asain meal or banquet.


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Stunning: Taser wants to turn the public and their smartphones into its big data posse of police informants
Last month we wrote about the increasing application of big data analysis by police forces, often using software from the shadowy outfit Palantir. But it's by no means the only company that sees this as a huge growth market: another is Axon. If that name is unfamiliar, that's because it's the new, rather anonymous branding for the very well-known Taser:
"We are Axon, a team committed to pushing the boundaries of technology to help you feel more confident in the field, at the station, and in court. From Smart Weapons, like our TASER devices, to police body cameras and digital evidence management systems, every product works together as a single network. Seamlessly integrated. Completely connected. And designed to help police, sheriffs, and law enforcement agencies everywhere make the world a safer place."
Taser is just one division of Axon, and arguably not the most important one. That honor probably belongs to its body-worn camera products. Even there, it's not the camera itself that matters. As Axon announces on its home page, it is offering a free one-year trial of its cameras, software and training to every police officer in the US. It's a classic razor-blade model: give away the razor itself, make money from the supplies – in this case, a subscription to Axon's core product, the site Evidence.com. Axon's aim is to provide law enforcement with a one-stop cloud-based system for storing and managing all kinds of police data – body-worn video, in-car video, interview room video, CCTV, photographs, audio, and documents – along with features such workflow and audit trails.
Those are all fairly conventional offerings. But an article in The Intercept earlier this year revealed how Axon is starting to apply AI technology to the terabytes of video evidence it now holds. Initially, Axon hopes AI will allow it to carry out automatic redactions of faces in order to protect privacy, extract key information, and detect objects and even emotions. The idea is to free up police officers from paperwork so that they can spend their time combatting crime more fruitfully. AI-based analytics will provide police forces with detailed information about crime trends, similar to Palantir's products. However, Axon's plans go much further:
"We've got all of this law enforcement information with these videos, which is one of the richest treasure troves you could imagine for machine learning," Taser CEO Rick Smith told PoliceOne in an interview about the company's AI acquisitions. "Imagine having one person in your agency who would watch every single one of your videos – and remember everything they saw – and then be able to process that and give you the insight into what crimes you could solve, what problems you could deal with. Now, that's obviously a little further out, but based on what we're seeing in the artificial intelligence space, that could be within five to seven years."
As well as mapping past patterns, the aim is explicitly to predict future trends. In its 2017 Law Enforcement Technology Report, Axon writes that thanks to AI and Machine Learning, "agencies could also analyze their data to anticipate criminal activity and better allocate their resources." As Privacy News Online has just discussed, the big problem with the application of AI techniques to big data in this way is that it is opaque: there is no way for the public or the authorities to scrutinize the methods used to obtain results. That's bad enough in any domain, but when it comes to policing – and possibly the deployment of lethal force – that's an extremely serious issue. Axon has other bold ideas. Another story in The Intercept, published last week, reveals the following:
"At Axon, we are developing a product that allows the public to submit photos and video of a crime, suspicious activity, or event. The collection of evidence will be done via a citizen's smartphone or computer and submitted via a text or uploaded via a webpage to the appropriate law enforcement agtency. This video will then be automatically added to our evidence management platform, Evidence.com, for use by the agency in solving a crime or gathering a fuller point of view from the public."
The submission of tips from the public isn't new, or in itself necessarily problematic. What is more troubling here is the fact that Axon wants to become the gatekeeper for such information, encouraging the public to send photos and videos to the company, which will then forward them to the police. That begs the question whether all such public tips will be passed on automatically. For example, suppose a video showed police brutality – perhaps using one of Taser's weapons to shock or even kill people, a common enough occurrence, as a major Reuters report revealed. Would Axon pass on that possibly incriminating evidence as a matter of course, or does it reserve the right to use its "discretion" in such cases?
That issue is relatively easy to solve – Axon could promise that all evidence will be passed on without exception. The second issue is much more problematic. It stems from the fact that the evidence will not only be available to the police, but to Axon too, which says it will add it to its Evidence.com database automatically. That means members of the public have no idea how their tip about an incident might be used. Videos contain all kinds of ancillary, unnoticed information that, on its own, is innocuous enough. But when combined with terabytes of other videos in Evidence.com's holdings, and then analyzed using AI technology, they could well end up implicating many people in completely unrelated cases, and might even harm the family and friends of those passing on the tips.
Since there is no way of knowing what Axon's AI might discern, there is a double danger here. First, people may find themselves unexpectedly under police scrutiny, and secondly, they won't be able to challenge the reason why, since it is hidden away in the black box of the AI technology. It's even conceivable that this fact might be used to implicate people falsely. Multiple coordinated tips from a group of people, all containing artfully-placed clues, could achieve that. Although those false clues might be invisible to human operators, they could be picked up by AI systems designed specifically to find such subtle connections. This might sound like science fiction, but the technological progress is so rapid in this field that it perhaps needs to be viewed more as imminent science fact.
Featured image by Junglecat.


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Roll of the Dice
by Peter Jekel
Diversity is the one true thing we all have in common. Celebrate it everyday.
When we encounter an alien, what will it look like? Will it appear as one of the cute baby-like aliens with large dark eyes that often are described when UFO abductions are claimed? Will they be merely humans with warts and other facial accoutrements as so often is seen in science fiction movies? More than likely they will appear as nothing we have seen before. With entirely different environmental conditions, it is highly likely that an entirely different range of species will have evolved. There truly is no better guide to get ideas on what an alien may look like than to look at the organisms that populate the Earth for what possibilities may be out there. Earth's varied environments invite a variety of organisms that we see even today.
One of the first things that we see when we look at life on Earth is that it often has some form of symmetry. Symmetry refers to how parts of an animal or plant are situated in relation to other parts. Most animals that we are familiar with are bilaterally symmetrical; that is, the one side of the body is essentially a mirror image of the other.
Many animals display radial symmetry such as jellyfish, starfish and sea anemones. Many plants are radially symmetrical. Radial symmetry means that the life form is shaped like a wheel with every side being essentially the same as the other side. Then again there are some creatures on Earth such as the sponges that show no symmetry at all.
Clifford Simak used radially symmetrical aliens in his book They Walked Like Men. Hal Clement, master of alien designs as a creation of their environment, created a jellyfish-like alien with radial symmetry in his science fiction crime drama novel Needle. Iain Banks, in his Culture series, also describes an alien race with radial symmetry, the Morthanveld, which look like spheres covered with hundreds of tiny spines.
The options are there and often you don't have to look beyond your own backyard. Then again, science fiction authors are not always happy with the status quo and have come up with forms of their own.
Damon Knight, famous more for his editorship, wrote all too few science fiction tales. In his novel Rule Golden, the aliens are
trilaterally symmetrical. Robert Sawyer's more recent novel Illegal Alien bested Knight's symmetrical organization by creating aliens that have quadrilateral symmetry.
What else do organisms on Earth possess that might be found on aliens? We seem to have an innate bias and assume that all sensory organs are found on the head. Just look at most of the aliens depicted in science fiction films. Though most animals on Earth have sensory organs on the head region, it is far from universal. In actual fact sensory organs will appear wherever there is a need.
In the insect world, sensory organ placement takes on some very unexpected turns. The antennae of the male mosquito have thousands of tiny hairs which are sensitive to the sound made by the wing beats of a female mosquito. Katydids and their relatives have tympanic organs which are on their front tibia. This organ, similarly to the mosquito antennae, allows the katydid to detect sound waves.
Some insects have organs of smell in their antennae. Closely related to smell is the sense of taste. Taste organs can be found on the feet of some species of flies and butterflies, allowing them to taste anything that they land on. Imagine tasting your food with your feet. Placement of taste receptors, though, goes even further in catfish. Catfish often live in murky waters, usually at the bottom of lakes and rivers. Their taste organs cover their entire bodies.
We also tend to assume that all living things have the same five senses as we do, sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell. Again we look no further than Earth's animal kingdom for differences.
Bats and cetaceans can "see" through the interpretation of reflected sound, very much like a radar system called echolocation. This allows them to move through complete darkness without crashing into objects and to also track food sources. The Kdatlyno found in
Larry Niven's Known Space series are large, eyeless and noseless, with but a gash for a mouth. Above the gash mouth are goggle-shaped tympanums which allow them to "see" via sonar. Science fiction author Hal Clement in his short story "Uncommon Sense" has come up with an alien that "sees" by its sense of smell.
Magnetoreception is another sense that humans do not possess. It is the ability of an animal to orient itself based on the direction it is facing with relation to the Earth's magnetic field. It is what allows some birds to navigate the enormous distances that they do every year. For birds, the need for the sense is essential. However, some bacteria appear to orient themselves according to the magnetic field, as do cattle which appear to align themselves along a north-south direction. What advantage it may have for bacteria and cattle is the subject of further research.
Fish have sensory systems that are also very alien to us. Ever wonder how a large school of fish appears to swim as a unit, almost as if they were one organism? It is the lateral line that runs down the centre of their bodies that allows them to detect differences in pressure and movement, thus allowing a school of fish to respond quickly as a unit.
Sharks and rays also possess sensory organs called ampullae of Lorenzini; some primitive bony fish such as sturgeons and reedfish also possess them. The ampullae of Lorenzini allow fish to detect electrical fields in the water. The ampullae are jelly-filled canals that are open to the outside world through a pore in the skin, ending in jelly-filled sacs. Distribution on the body depends on the animal species. By detecting electrical fields, sharks, for example, can pick up the electrical signals of thrashing prey and rays detect prey that are invisible beneath the sand.
In humans, there is a vestigial organ called the vomeronasal organ, found in the nasal region, which is actually an auxiliary olfactory sensory organ. In other mammals it is used to detect the pheromones secreted by others of their species, marking territories and sexual state. In reptiles such as snakes and monitor lizards, it is known as the Jacobson's organ. The Jacobson's organ lies on the tips of their forked tongues; in effect they are smelling the air with their tongues. In turtles, the organ is used to smell underwater.
Even plants have sensory organs. For a plant growing in the ground, it is imperative to know the direction of gravity and have the ability to detect it. In mutations where the genes for this ability are changed, a plant cannot grow upright.
There are also some plants that are insectivorous; that is, they feed on insects and other small animals. In order to do so, they can use a passive approach such as we see with the pitcher plants that have funnel-shaped leaves where water can pool and in which an unsuspecting insect can fall and drown. Others such as the Venus fly trap have modified leaves that snap shut when an insect wanders aboard. To do so, the plant requires receptors that are sensitive to vibration in order to trigger the trapping mechanism.
Even where animals have the same senses as we do, sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste, there are differences. For example, most mammals can only see black and white, a but few see colour as we do. Bees and dragonflies on the other hand see the ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum which is invisible to us. Some birds, too, have been found to be able to see in the ultraviolet range. Others, such as pit vipers, which include rattlesnakes, and the boa group of snakes have an ability to detect infrared, essential in tracking down their warm-blooded prey. Jellyfish have light-sensitive ocelli, which at first may appear to be similar to our eyes. Instead, they are not for sight, they are for light detection only, allowing the animals to orient themselves in the water column.
Depending on the light being emitted by its sun, there may be aliens out there that have organs that are sensitive to the radio or microwave end of the spectrum and others may be able to see X-rays or even gamma rays. Who knows?
There are also differences in the structure of eyes of animals. Many arthropods have what are known as compound eyes which are made up of multiple lenses. Each lens delivers an image of a small part of the surrounding environment. When combined, all of the small images allow good wide-angle coverage which, in turn, allows an extreme ability to detect motion, great for evading either capture or getting squished, but its weakness is in its inability to show detail.
Some arthropods also have what are known as simple eyes (having only one lens) that are normally found in rows or clusters. They simply show shades of variance between dark and light, but very little detail; in some of the arthropods the eyes line the back of their heads and down their backs. Then there are our eyes and those of most higher animals, also simple eyes, which have a high-resolution lens allowing good detail vision both close up and far away.
Humans hear when sound waves are collected in the ear and travel down the ear canal to strike the eardrum. These vibrations are then amplified and transmitted to the brain for interpretation. Depending on the type of animal, this will, in turn, determine the frequency of sounds that can be detected. Cats and dogs, for example, can hear sounds at higher frequencies than humans but also hear at lower levels like we do. Bats, on the other hand, can hear sound at higher frequencies but have a narrower range than humans, and cannot hear at lower frequencies. Cetaceans such as whales and dolphins as well as elephants communicate at very low frequencies below the range of human hearing.
Smell is another sense that is not uniform across the animal kingdom either. In humans, the sense of smell is a rather weak sense, whereas in many other animals, it is a crucial sense for survival. Next time when you take your dog for a walk, observe how his head is usually on the ground taking in the odours. Within those odours are messages such as territorial determination and sexual receptiveness. It is a truly rich world that humans are all but blind to. Even taste is not the same across the animal kingdom. Cats, for example, do not taste sweetness. Other animals detect bitterness and still others do not.
Vertebrates or backboned animals on Earth possess an internal skeleton which supports their bodies. In most cases, the backbone is made up of calcium in the form of bone, and in other cases, such as the sharks and their close relatives, the rays, it is made up of cartilage. Turtles are another interesting group of animals in that they possess a backbone or vertebrae but they also have an external shell, which in most species is hard, that also protects the sensitive and fragile organs of the chest cavity. An alien race may possess a dual system like the turtle. For example, if fragile or important organs are on the appendages of an alien, it is not inconceivable that they would evolve some form of external sheeting, much like a knight's armour on those appendages.
An external skeleton such as we see on insects and other arthropods or certain molluscs can provide the structural support necessary for an organism. An external skeleton has limits, though, in the size an animal can attain. For example, if insects were any larger, they would be crushed by the weight of their exoskeleton. However, we do have large arthropods such as the Atlantic lobster that can reach sizes of up to twenty kilograms because the crushing weight of an exoskeleton is offset by the buoyancy of the water. A planet or moon with a low gravity could have the same effect and conceivably be home to a large animal with an external skeleton, like a land lobster.
Earth also has animals without any supporting structure at all. In the depths of our oceans, octopi are not only able to function well in a liquid medium, but have actually attained at least rudimentary intelligence. Jellyfish, too, have no support structure but function well in their liquid world; unlike the octopus, they have no true intelligence—after all, they have no organized brain.
Plants and some fungi have a physical structure as well. They maintain their shape due to water pressure pushing against cell walls, also called turgor. Alastair Reynolds in his Revelation Space series has developed an invertebrate animal called a hamadryad that is able to exist on land without any internal or external skeleton. Lack of an internal skeleton is instead supplanted by rigidity maintained by the pressure of circulatory fluids, not unlike plants.
The physical support that organisms have will dictate what form of locomotion can be undertaken. Many higher animals move via a system of moving their limbs. In Alastair Reynolds' Revelation Space series, he describes scuttlers, which have the added benefit of being able to not only remove their limbs but also replace them with those of other species. In the high gravity world of Mesklin, Hal Clement has the natives of the planet move about in a multilegged centipede-like fashion. In Iain Banks' Culture series, he describes the mammalian Chelgrians which move about not on two or four legs, as many animals on Earth generally do, but on three legs. The Homomda of the same series are also tripedal, as are the Idirans. Larry Niven in his Known Space series has a tripod alien called a Puppeteer.
There are also microbes that flow along like a contained liquid. An amoeba moves by what is known as pseudopodia which involve the flow of cytoplasm as extensions of the organism. Other protozoans move by the use of cilia which are like tiny hairs lined up on a cell's surface. This allows the organism to achieve greater power and speed. Some microbes have even developed a form of locomotion via wheels in the form of a flagellum that rotates in three dimensions similarly to the rotation of a wheel.
What about wheels on a macroscopic level? Why don't we see them on Earth? Maybe on some alien world they do exist. Actually there is a variation that does exist on Earth. It is limited, however, on Earth to the microscopic world. One anatomist performed a thought experiment and constructed a disk for a large animal which would work. So why don't we have large animals with wheels? The environment provides a clue. It may be efficient on a level piece of land, but the lumps and bumps of the Earth make it a difficult way to travel. Next time you are on a pothole-filled highway, you will appreciate the efficiency that limbs have over wheels.
Fleas utilize a unique propulsion method in that they have mechanisms on their bodies that actually allow their extra-long hind limbs to act as spring-loaded thrusters. A result of this unique propulsive method allows fleas to jump up to 150 times their own length.
Kangaroos are mammals that have also adopted a jumping mode of locomotion. The mechanics behind their jumping is anatomically very different from that of the flea, but the result is similar in that it allows very efficient movement with a minimal amount of energy consumption. In fact, since it is so efficient, one can wonder why there are not more animals on the planet that have adopted this mode of transportation.
Other creatures such as bats, birds and many insects move about by flying. Closely linked to flying animals are the gliding animals. Some species of squirrels, snakes, lizards, and frogs utilize the drag of air on outstretched skin attached to their limbs, similar to the drag created by an open parachute, to move in their arboreal environments. It is a very efficient way of moving amongst treetops, though in a thin atmosphere world, it would not be efficient at all. Iain Banks describes in great detail gliding aliens, the Nauptrians, in his Culture novels.
Equally efficient in moving amongst the trees on Earth are the gibbons that move by brachiating with their exceedingly long arms. Brachiating is effective in a jungle or heavily treed environment but useless on an open plain.
Bivalve molluscs such as oysters and clams move by the propellant power of a false foot. Other molluscs without the benefit of a shell such as squid and octopi and their relatives move by a form of jet propulsion effective in water that could also be effective in certain gaseous environments such as in the James Tiptree Jr. (aka Alice Sheldon) novel Up the Walls of the World. In Iain Banks' Culture series, he describes the Affronter which moves normally by walking on limbs or paddling through the air, but also has the ability to vent gas through its anus in order to propel itself forward. That form of propulsion really does not sound overly pleasant.
On Earth, snakes and even some lizards move about very efficiently without the aid of limbs; in fact, they are often able to navigate territory that is not as easily accessed by limbed animals. However, even among snakes there is a great deal of variation. Just watch the gliding movements of a garter snake through the grass as opposed to the apparently erratic jerky movements of a sidewinder rattlesnake across the desert sand. The sidewinder's unique way of moving, evolved over millenia, is very efficient in that it limits the surface area of the body that is in contact with the hot sand at any one time.
Other organisms such as plants and some animals such as sponges are essentially sessile; that is, they do not move from place to place. Science fiction, too, has created a sessile form of animal life in the form of a Grog, found in Larry Niven's Known Space series.
In order to sustain a physical body, animals need a circulatory system. Circulation is essential in a multicellular animal in order to transport nutrients and oxygen to interior cells and to remove waste products. Human circulatory systems are known as closed systems; that is, blood is transported by a pumping organ (or organs, as in the case of the earthworm, which has five pairs of hearts that are really just muscular pumping networks). Most higher animals possess a closed system. Insects and bivalve molluscs on the other hand have what is known as an open circulatory system, in that blood is released into tissue spaces where it is recollected and reoxygenated. Some animals such as flatworms do not have circulatory systems but rather feed through a system of diffusion of nutrients from the environment into the cells.
Plants have combination circulation systems. They draw in nutrients and water from the ground via diffusion and osmosis from the soil environment into their roots. From there, nutrients move upward through xylem vessels, the upward draw accomplished through the evaporation of water from the leaves known as transpiration. In turn, the sugars created through the photosynthesis in the leaves of the plant are transported downward through differences in water pressure between the cells to the lower reaches of the plant.
Science fiction authors have imagined other examples of circulation systems. Instead of blood or hemolymph as we have in insects, in Stephen Baxter's short story "The Sun-People," an alien life form from the Oort Cloud of the outer solar system is discovered that uses liquid helium for circulation.
Nourishment and Respiration
Nourishment is an essential for life as we know it; hence aliens will probably need organs to be able to consume, digest and eliminate waste products. Earth organisms have an amazing number of ways to gain nourishing sustenance. Some microbes merely absorb nourishment and eliminate waste through a process called diffusion. Normally at a more macroscopic level, diffusion would not work, so what other means of gaining sustenance are there?
Firstly, animals must take food or sustenance in and break it down before it enters the digestive tract. Most animals that we are familiar with have mouths, and most advanced animals not only have mouths but mouths with vertically moving jaws to assist in the breakdown of food when first taken in. Some of the largest animals on Earth, whales and whale sharks, have jaws that do not truly break food down, but instead, the jaws, when opened, draw water across a filter medium, drawing small organisms out of the water to fuel their enormous bodies. Snakes and some lizards swallow their prey whole and are able to perform feats of jaw dislocation that are impossible to imagine happening in any human being.
Some multicellular parasites such as tapeworms have eliminated the need for any digestive organs other than a mouth. However, unlike most animals with mouths, these animals do not have jaws. They merely attach themselves to the wall of the intestine, deriving nourishment directly from their hosts. Other macroscopic parasites such as lamprey eels that feed on fish, too, have jawless mouths, but unlike the tapeworm, do have a fully developed digestive tract.
Some flies, for example, also have no jaws as we do but have a straw-like mouthpart which enables them to consume liquids only, yet they do eat solid food. Regurgitating its stomach juices onto solid food, thereby liquefying it, allows a fly to eat just about anything. Next time you have a housefly on your sandwich, think about where the last meal of that fly came from.
Mosquitoes feed through a syringe-type mouth part that penetrates the skin of an animal. When feeding with their mouthpart, the mosquito injects an anticoagulant and draws the free-flowing blood outwards. Other insects such as ants and termites have jaw-like mouth parts that move horizontally rather than vertically.
Bivalve molluscs such as oysters and clams have no mouths either, and feed through a filter system not unlike that of whales, but the mechanics are very different. They draw water into their bodies and tiny cilia in the digestive cavity filter out particles of food.
Plants gain nourishment through the autotrophic means of photosynthesis, where they convert the energy of sunlight into glucose. Their roots draw nourishment from the soil to gain the other nutrients necessary for life.
What about waste elimination? Most animals take in nutrients at one end and eliminate the waste produced by digestion at the other end, but again it is not universal. Some such as flatworms and starfish have one opening that serves both as a mouth and an anus. Not a very pleasant thought from our human bias perspective.
In order to provide oxygen to interior cells, humans and most animals have lungs which take in air and expel the waste by-product of carbon dioxide. However, not all animals rely solely on lungs. Amphibians such as frogs, toads and salamanders have skin that acts as a breathing organ in addition to lungs. Some salamanders actually are known to breathe entirely through a mucus membrane in the throat or skin. Insects respire through a system of cuticle-lined tubes in their bodies that bring air directly to all parts of the body, much like another circulatory system. They can regulate air flow by opening and closing of special pores on the exoskeleton. Fish and other aquatic creatures, on the other hand, breathe through a system of gills which allows them to extract the oxygen directly from the water.
Animals and plants reproduce by the exchange of gametes (germ cells) through some form of sexual interaction. Sexual reproduction is a very efficient way to exchange genetic material from unrelated organisms of the same species; though it increases the variability in a population, it has the limit of requiring organisms to find a mating partner. To overcome this difficulty some organisms have options; to breed with another organism of the same species, or if that fails, to reproduce by self-exchanging gametes; there are creatures and many plants on Earth that are hermaphroditic, possessing male and female parts, thus eliminating the need of seeking a partner. Being a hermaphrodite does not increase variability of a species, but it does ensure the transmission of one's genetic material to a new generation. Certain fish have taken hermaphroditism to the next level and change their sex according to environmental demands; if there are too many males in an aquarium for example, some will change into females. Ursula Le Guin in The Left Hand of Darkness describes humanoid aliens that alternate sexes according to a biological cycle.
Some science fiction authors have taken sex to the next level. Isaac Asimov's The Gods Themselves has aliens made up of three sexes. The Azadians of Iain Banks' Culture series also have three sexes, with the male described as having a penis, with sperm then fertilized by the apex sex having ovaries and a reversible vagina, which then deposits the fertilized eggs into the female sex.
Many microbes, on the other hand, which survive very well, reproduce by cell division; that is, they make exact duplicates of themselves after division. This, at first, appears to limit variability. However, many bacteria have come up with methods of exchanging genetic material by depositing it in the environment, making it available to other bacteria, often unrelated species, for incorporation into their genome. This principle is behind the current situation that modern medicine finds itself in, fighting a constantly evolving battle against bacteria that quickly adapt to new antibiotics.
Aliens, like the organisms on Earth, are a true product of their environment. The possibilities are endless. Change the variables and you change the outcomes. If Earth was closer to the Sun or further away, if it had a heavier gravity or a lighter one, a thicker or thinner atmosphere, two moons or none, if it was an ice world or a desert, the outcomes on life on Earth would have been very different or life may not have arisen at all. We can only speculate on what may have been. That's what science fiction is all about, asking the crucial question "what if?"
Further Reading
Alcamo, I. Edward. 1997. Schaum's Outline of Microbiology. McGraw-Hill.
Alexander, R. McNeill. 2013. Principles of Animal Locomotion. Princeton University Press.
Ball, Philip. 2011. Shapes. Oxford University Press.
Barlow, H. and Mollon, J., eds. 1982. The Senses. Cambridge University Press.
Bejan, Adrian and Marden, James. 2006. "Constructing Animal Locomotion from New Thermodynamics Theory." American Scientist 94:342-349.
Blakemore, R. 1975. "Magnetotactic Bacteria." Science 190:377-379.
Bardach, John E., Magnuson John J, May, Robert C. et al., eds. 1980. Fish Behavior and Its Use in the Capture and Culture of Fishes. Proceedings of the Conference on the Physiological and Manipulation of Food Fish. International Specialized Book Services.
Cressey, Daniel. April 2012. "Pigeons May "Hear" Magnetic Fields." Nature News.
Gould, J.L. 1984. "Magnetic Field Sensitivity in Animals." Annual Review of Physiology 46:585-598.
Hall, John E. 2010. Pocket Companion to Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th ed. Saunders.
Nilsson, Goran E. 2010. Respiratory Physiology of Vertebrates. Cambridge University Press.
Marshall, Alan John, Parker, Thomas Jeffery, Haswell, William Aitcheson et al. 1972. Textbook of Zoology: Invertebrates Vol. 1, 7th ed. Macmillan.
Reiber, Carl L. and McGaw, Iain J. 2009. "A Review of the "Open" and "Closed" Circulatory Systems: New Terminology for Complex Invertebrate Circulatory Systems in Light of Current Findings." International Journal of Zoology. Article ID 301284, 8 pages.
Romer, Alfred and Parsons, Thomas S. 1985. The Vertebrate Body. Holt Rinehart & Winston.
Sherwood, Lauralee and Kell, Robert Thomas. 2009. Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems. Nelson College Indigenous.
Stewart, Ian. 2007. What Shape Is a Snowflake? Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
Takami, Shigeru 2002. "Recent Progress in the Neurobiology of the Vomeronasal Organ." Microscopy Research and Technique 58:228-250.
van Kleef, Joshua, Berry, Richard and Stange, Gert. 2008. D"irectional Selectiviy in the Simple Eye of an Insect." Journal of Neuroscience 28:2845-2855.
Wu, Le-Qing and Dickman, J. David. 2012. "Neural Correlates of a Magnetic Sense." Science 336:1054-1057.
Nonfiction >


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The tempering and heat strengthening processes change glass characteristics from fragile and easy to break to a stronger and safer material in different levels.
Heat strengthened glass is two times stronger than annealed glass used to overcome thermal breakage risks under normal conditions and moderate wind loading as well as eliminate the wavy effect of glass.
Toughened glass is heated up to 700 degree Celsius and rapidly cooled; is five times stronger than annealed glass with the highest resistance to the thermal and mechanical stress; its heat endurance increases to stand up to 300 Degree Celsius; it is a safety glazing as it shatters into small pieces at breakage.
With our 14 tempering furnaces with both horizontal and vertical process capability and the most up-to-date technology in glass bending, we temper flat and curved glass with minimum optical distortions in dimensions up to 2.40 meters x 5 meters with glass thickness from 4 mm to 20 mm and up to 2.4 meters x 4.2 meters with a minimum radius of 1.5 m respectively.
Depending on the glass type, thickness, and radius required, curved glass could be annealed, laminated, heat strengthened or tempered.
Please contact us for list of available mould shapes.
Flat & curved tempered glass is used in different applications such as glass for vehicles, house appliances, lighting, architectural applications, shower cabins, shop fronts, doors and partitions, balustrades, decorative, and furniture glass.
We guarantee our tempered and heat strengthened glass quality through our unique advantage of heat soak testing.
Both heat strengthened and tempered glass cannot be re-processed after heat treatment, any alterations can cause premature failure.


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The ACT Government wishes to advise motorists and other road users of partial lane closures for road resurfacing works at the intersection of Limestone Avenue, Wakefield Avenue and Majura Avenue from Monday 9 February to Thursday 12 February 2015 between 7 pm and 6 am each night.
Motorists are advised to take an alternative route to avoid delays throughout this time.
Resurfacing work will extend the life of pavement at the intersection.
Warning signs will be in place to alert motorists to the works and traffic controllers will be on site to guide motorists through the worksite.
The ACT Government apologises for any inconvenience caused.
For up-to-date information on road closures please call Canberra Connect on 13 22 81 or visit www.tams.act.gov.au
(Territory and Municipal Services Directorate Media Release)


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JNVST Admit Card 2020 Class 6 Downoad: Navodaya Vidyalayas were established with an objective to provide high-quality education to the students of rural and backward areas and train them so that they can compete with the fast-moving world. More than 75% of students in the Navodaya Vidyalayas are selected from the rural and backward areas of the district and a few are selected from the urban areas.
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Selection Test (JNVST) is an entrance test conducted for admissions into class VI in all the Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas. The Navodaya Vidyalaya are spread over 7 union territories and 28 states of the country. JNVST is an offline examination (OMR based) based on multiple-choice questions pattern that is conducted every year for the selection of the deserving candidate in these schools.
JNVST Admit Card 2020 Class 6 Downoad – Navodaya Admit Card For 6th Class
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti is going to conduct the Class 6th Exam from April 2020. Admit cards for the JNVST exam have not been released yet. Earlier they were scheduled to be released on 1st December 2019 but it hasn't been released as of now. It is advised to all the students to regularly check the official website to stay up to date with the date of release. The first phase examinations are going to commence from 11th January 2020 and the second phase examinations are going to begin from 11th April 2020. In this article, we will try to cover up all up the articles related to JNVST hall ticket.
The admit card will be available to be downloaded online from the official website www.navodaya.gov.in and is mandatory to be carried in every examination.
The JNVST examination admit card consists of the following: Name of the candidate, Father's Name, Candidate's Photograph and signature, date and time of examination, QR code, gender, category, registration number, Roll number, date of birth, candidate's address, contact address, contact number, medium of examination and other instructions.
Navodaya Class 6 Admit Card Dates
|Event (s)
|JNVST Phase 1 Dates
|JNVST Phase 2 Dates
|JNVST Class 6 Admit Card Release Date
|December 1, 2019
|March 1, 2020
|Last Date to Download JNVST Admit Card
|January 11, 2020
|April 11, 2020
|Exam date
|January 11, 2020
|April 11, 2020
|Result Release
|March 2020
|May 2020
How to download JNVST Class 6 Admit Card 2020?
In this article, we will also be telling you how to download the admit card from the official website. Follow these steps to download the article from the website :
Step 1: Visit the official website of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti: https://navodaya.gov.in
Step 2 : Search for the NVS Class 6th Admit Card 2020 link.
Step 3: Click on that link.
Step 4 : After that enter your name, form number, date of birth and the other details.
Step 5 : After that click on the submit button.
Step 6: Then The hall ticket would be available on your screen.
Step 7: Download it and take a print out of that to save for future reference.
JNVST Exam Pattern for Class 6
|Type of test
|No. of questions
|Mental ability test
|60 minutes
|Arithmetic test
|30 minutes
|Language test
|30 minutes
|2 hours
How to score well in the JNVST Examination?
You should inarguably follow all the instructions mentioned in the program, time-table, question papers, and other sources. Try to clear all your doubts one month before the date of examination so that you get plenty of time for revision. To obtain good marks take help from your friends, teachers, family and most importantly your seniors who can guide you well.
JNVST Class 6 Exam 2020- Instructions
- It is mandatory for the students to carry their JNVST class 6 admit card 2020 to the exam hall.
- Students should carry with them an examination kit which should consists of the pens, sharpened pencils, eraser, sharpener, scale and admit card to name a few.
- They must reach the examination center at least one hour before the examination begins.
- Ensure that you are not carrying any paper. Don't write anything on the kit.
- Attempt the easy questions first and solve the tough questions in the end. (Take weightage also in consideration).


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Magnus Group is pleased to invite you to its "5th Edition of Nursing World Conference (NWC2020)" held during October 19-21, 2020 in Orlando, USA.
Nursing World Conference provides you plenty of opportunities to collaborate and discuss the latest trends, innovations and field works. It discusses a wide range of topics within the field of Nursing and healthcare.
NWC 2020 gathers global leaders in Nursing to meet and discuss the challenges and opportunities on several topics such as Nursing Education, Nursing Research, Nursing Informatics, Mental Health Nursing, Paediatric Nursing, Oncology Nursing, Family Nursing, Public Health Nursing, Cardiac Nursing, Holistic Nursing and many more interesting topics.
Networking – participating in nursing conferences gives you a way to meet, interact with, and make contacts with other experts in your specialty area. Continuing education and skill development – nursing conferences offer a chance for you to learn about several educational advancements in one place.
For Scientific Sessions PS: https://nursingworldconference.com/program/scientific-sessions
For Abstract submission PS: https://nursingworldconference.com/submit-abstract
For Registration PS: https://nursingworldconference.com/register
We are dedicated to getting your brand in front of a group that's eager to learn more about your products and services. Don't miss your chance to: • Network • Build brand awareness
• Increase visibility
• Direct access to your target market
• Find new clients and customers
• New Business Partnerships
• Stay on top of industry trends
• Capture immediate feedback on new technologies, services, or products
• Gain industry insight and evaluate market trends to generate new business opportunities
Magnus Group (MG) is initiated to meet a need and to pursue collective goals of the scientific community specifically focusing in the field of Science, Engineering, and technology to endorse exchanging of the ideas & knowledge which facilitate the collaboration between the scientists, academicians and researchers of same field or interdisciplinary research.
Magnus group is proficient in organizing conferences, meetings, seminars and workshops with the ingenious and peerless speakers throughout the world providing you and your organization with a broad range of networking opportunities to globalize your research and create your own identity. Our conferences and workshops can be well titled as 'ocean of knowledge' where you can sail your boat and pick the pearls, leading the way for innovative research and strategies empowering the strength by overwhelming the complications associated within the respective fields.
1 available packages from US$639https://www.sponsormyevent.com/5th-edition-of-nursing-world-conference-nwc2020-kissimmee-2
10 available


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CPP Group Spain
Offering protection in all areas
CPP Group Spain offers a travel assistance service in order to protect you if you have problems using bank cards or making internet purchases or with the car keys. In short, it offers a range of products which protect people on a daily basis.
Working within this field, it is therefore no surprise that the company shows considerable concern for social issues. This vocation was initially rolled out through small Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives which were very positively received by workers, but due to a lack of time and not knowing how to fully implement them, this issue ended up taking a back seat. In 2018, the company decided to professionalize its CSR and got in contact with the Sé Solidario program in order to develop CRS activities, mainly seeking to shape their corporate volunteering.
No less than 500 kilos of food for the El Refugio community kitchen's summer campaign has been collected thanks to this collaboration. With their help, the kitchen received milk, cheese and oil for the needs of the entire summer, which is a time when donations tend to be few and far between and there are not enough volunteers to help out at the kitchen.


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With the new and much improved iPad 2 now in the thick of things and making waves, it is still entirely sensible to choose the first gen iPad. Of course, the economic factor has made the iPad all the more attractive, while the more powerful, lighter, and thinner avatar continues to hog the limelight.
So just how cheap is it? Well, Verizon is currently offering the 16 GB WiFi version of the iPad for as low as $299.99 only while the 32 GB Wi-Fi iPad will cost $100 more at $399.99. Similarly, the top end 64 GB Wi-Fi version of the iPad now costs $499.99, which brings it nearly level with the low end iPad 2 version.
The price cut is an obvious attempt to clear the last remaining stocks of the first gen iPad and will continue only as far as stocks last. Also, the price is not expected to go down any lower, which makes now the right moment to pick up the iPad.
via cnet
Sovan Mandal is the senior tablet and tech corespondent for goodereader.com. He brings a international approach to news that is not just applicable to the North American market, but also Asia, India, Europe and others. Sovy brings his own writing flavor to the website and is interested in Science Fiction, Technology and Writing. Any questions, send an email


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|Previous Page | Table of Contents | Index | Next Page
Adjustments to Income(p9)
Travel Expenses of Armed Forces Reservists(p9)
Are My Travel Expenses as a Reservist Deductible?(p9)
Am I a Member of a Reserve Component?(p9)
How To Report My Reserve-Related Travel Expenses(p9)
Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs)(p9)
Deductibility of Contributions to My IRA(p9)
As a military person, do I get additional time to make a contribution to my IRA?(p10)
Is My Combat Pay Included in IRA Calculations?(p10)
Treatment of Distributions (and Repayments of Distributions) From an IRA to Qualified Reservists(p10)
Is a qualified reservist distribution subject to the 10% additional tax?(p10)
What is a qualified reservist distribution?(p10)
Can I repay amounts distributed from my IRA, section 401(k) or 403(b) plan, or a similar arrangement?(p10)
|Is there a limit to the amount I can repay?(p10)
|Is there a time limit for repaying?(p10)
|Can I deduct qualified reservist repayments?(p10)
|Will the repayment affect my IRA deduction?(p10)
|How do you report the repayment?(p10)
Moving Expenses(p10)
Do I Have To Satisfy the Time and Distance Tests?(p10)
What constitutes a permanent change of station?(p10)
Are there additional considerations when a spouse or dependent moves?(p11)
Are Reimbursements, or the Value of Services Provided by the Government When I Move, Included in My Income?(p11)
Which Moving Expenses Are Deductible and Which Aren't(p11)
How much of my moving expenses can I deduct?(p11)
Which moving expenses can I deduct?(p11)
Moving household goods and personal effects.(p11)
|Storing and insuring household goods and personal effects.(p11)
Moving services and allowances provided by the government.(p11)
Foreign Moves(p11)
How To Report Moving Expenses(p11)
|Previous Page | Table of Contents | Top of Page | Index | Next Page


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Poor Charles is missing. I'm linking to Lesley's Signs, Signs.
Wednesday, March 04, 2015
Signs - Where In The World Is Chuck?
Poor Charles is missing. I'm linking to Lesley's Signs, Signs.
26 comments:
Bad weather to be on the run.ReplyDelete
I do hope Charlie finds his way back home!ReplyDelete
Oh dear, not in this weather? Someone should see him huddling somewhere.ReplyDelete
ahhhh...sweet Charlie. Hope he finds his way back to his people.ReplyDelete
It is too cold for a lost dog to be out and about. Charlie, go home!!ReplyDelete
Oh what a cute dog. I hope he's safe and sound.ReplyDelete
Charlie has lost his people. Perhaps he has signs posted up for lost people. Charlie is a good looking dog.ReplyDelete
I hope they find each other, it's way to cold to be roaming around, lost.ReplyDelete
I hope they find Charlie soon. He is a cute looking dog.ReplyDelete
Yes, let's hope he's safe and warm.ReplyDelete
So sad to see signs like this. Charlie may even find his way home all by himself. He wants his warm bed. Hopefully he does.ReplyDelete
I'd rather be lost in the summer. Tom The Backroads TravellerReplyDelete
This is seriously cold weather for a pup to be lost. I hope he was found soon after the posting of the sign.ReplyDelete
Absolutely not the weather to be los, fingers crossed for a safe return.ReplyDelete
Not a good time of year to be homeless...though there's no good time. I hope he found shelter and will be home soon.ReplyDelete
Poor doggie. I hate seeing these signs.ReplyDelete
My SIGNS, SIGNS
I hope someone just took him inside for warmth.ReplyDelete
Great scenery for that lost sign!!ReplyDelete
This is a sad sign hope he will be found in that freezing cold.ReplyDelete
Never good to be lost, but has to be worse in that cold. Poor pup.ReplyDelete
I hope he at least found a warm garage to escape the cold wind.ReplyDelete
I hope he was found, Andy! ;-((ReplyDelete
I hope it hasn't go very far to the snow sea.ReplyDelete
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This is a restored woolly mammoth tusk (Mammuthus primigenius) - a unique piece of our natural history. The ivory of this piece is rock-solid, in superb condition. The restoration on this piece is less than 5%. The colour of the bark is a mix cream-orange, brown and some green-blue patches.
The stand is custom-made out of black-green granite with grey flakes and stainless steel holders. The stand is included in the sale.
Weight: 5.70 kg | 12.56 lb.
Max diameter: 7 cm | 2.75 in.
Length: 76 cm | 29.92 in.
Geological epoch: Pleistocene.
Age: Over 10,000 years.
Origin: Sakha Republic (Yakutia).
Please note that this tusk is suitable as a luxurious decorative object. This tusk is not suitable for cutting and / or carving.


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Home education
literacy plan
literacy plan
Read to a seed is happy to present a "home education literacy plan" to H.E.L.P. home educators.
Our goal is to make daily reading time together more interactive by offering two products.
the literacy kit contains:
1)A plant to grow
2) a spout for watering
3) a Guide wheel for ways to interact with text
4) a new growth chart for keeping track of reading, watering and measuring the growth of your plant
5) and some special extras just for fun!
The ABC Learning Guide
is a sleeve with multiple cards containing the alphabet. Simply insert a card into the sleeve and begin practicing the name and sound of letters along with a picture of something that begins with that letter.
Best of all there is a tracking system that allows you to keep track of what letters and sounds you have learned!
and finally, during this time of at home reading, we are offering
two special incentives to make reading even MORE fun!
A FLASHLIGHT & holder or A HIGHLIGHTER & Pencil holder
Simply indicate which one you want in the note to seller when ordering.
Please email me for orders over $50.00 for special pricing.
read to a seed
helps build a
DAILY practice
of reading TOGETHER.
read to a seed
helps build a
DAILY practice
of reading TOGETHER.