text:
Reproduction in full or in part is prohibited
Verjine Svazlian,
ethnographer and folklorist, was born in 1934 in Alexandria (Egypt) in the
family of the writer and public man Karnik Svazlian, himself an eye-witness
survivor of Turkish tyranny.
In 1947, she has been repatriated
with her parents to the Motherland, Armenia.
In 1956, she has graduated with
honours from the Department of the Armenian Language and Literature of the Kh.
Abovian State Pedagogical Institute.
Beginning from the nineteen
fifties, she has, on her own initiative, started to write down and thereby saved
from a total loss the various folklore creations communicated by the repatriates
forcibly deported from Western Armenia, Cilicia and the Armenian-inhabited
provinces of Anatolia, as well as the narrated memoirs of the eye-witness
survivors of the Genocide.
Starting from 1958, she has worked
at the M. Abeghian Institute of Literature of the Academy of Sciences of
Armenia. During her post-graduate studies, she has been a M. Abeghian
grant-aided student.
From 1961, she has worked at the
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the National Academy of Sciences of
Armenia and, from 1996, also at the Museum-Institute of the Armenian Genocide of
the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia.
She has maintained her Candidate
thesis in 1965 and her thesis for a Doctor's Degree in 1995.
She has participated in republican
and international conferences, discoursing upon folklore, ethnography and the
Armenian Action.
She is also the author of a number
of scientific papers published in the Motherland and in the Diaspora.
Has compiled and edited: Karnik
Svazlian. "For My
Motherland." "Hayastan" Publishing House. Yerevan, 1965 (in
Armenian, with Cartoon Illustrations).
Haykouni. (Life and Work)."Armenian Ethnography and Folklore.
Vol. 4, Publishing House of the AS ASSR, Yerevan, 1973 (in Armenian,
with Russian Summary).
Folk Tales. Vol. 6, Publishing House of the AS ASSR, Yerevan, 1973
(in Armenian).
Folk Tales. Vol. 12, Publishing House of the AS ASSR, Yerevan, 1984
(in Armenian).
Folk Tales. Vol. 15, "Gitutiun" Publishing House of the NAS RA, Yerevan,
1998 (in Armenian).
Dagh."Armenian Ethnography and Folklore. Vol. 16, Publishing
House of the AS ASSR, Yerevan, 1984 (in Armenian, with English &
Russian Summaries)
The Oral Tradition of the Western Armenians." "Gitutiun" Publishing House of
the NAS RA, Yerevan, 1994 (in Armenian, with English, French & Russian
The Oral Evidences of the Western Armenians." "Gitutiun" Publishing House of
the NAS RA, Yerevan, 1995 (in Armenian, with English, French & Russian
Genocide in the Memoirs and Turkish-Language Songs of the Western Armenians."
"Gitutiun" Publishing House of the NAS RA, Yerevan, 1997 (in Armenian,
with English, French & Russian Summaries).
Genocide in the Memoirs and Turkish-Language Songs of the Western Armenians."
"Gitutiun" Publishing House of the NAS RA, Yerevan, 1997 (in Russian,
with English, French & Armenian Summaries).
Armenian Genocide in the Memoirs and Turkish-Language Songs of the Eye-Witness
Survivors." "Gitutiun" Publishing House of the NAS RA, Yerevan, 1999
(in English).
Folklore of the Armenians of Constantinople." "Gitutiun" Publishing
House of the NAS RA, Yerevan, 2000 (in Western Armenian, with English
Armenian Genocide. Testimonies of the Eye-Witness Survivors." "Gitutiun"
Publishing House of the NAS RA, Yerevan, 2000 (in Armenian, with
English, French & Russian Summaries).
Has compiled and edited: Grikor
Gyozalian. "The
Ethnography of Moussa Dagh." "Gitutiun" Publishing House of the NAS RA.
Yerevan, 2001 (in Armenian, with English Introduction).
Armenian Genocide and Historical Memory." "Gitutiun" Publishing House of
the NAS RA, Yerevan, 2003 (in Armenian).
Armenian Genocide and Historical Memory." "Gitutiun" Publishing House of
the NAS RA, Yerevan, 2004 (in English, with English, French, Turkish,
Russian & Armenian Summaries).
About Verjine
Svetlana Vardanian. "Verjine
K. Svazlian." Notable Armenian Women Scientists. Bibliographical
Materials. No. 3, Yerevan, 2002 (in Armenian & English).
The oral tradition of
the Western Armenians is part of the oral culture of the Armenian people. Its
original peculiarities are conditioned by the public and political circumstances
connected with the life of the Western Armenians.
In the course of a number of years,
the following folklore collections have been written down word by word, fragment
by fragment and published.
I wish to express my deep gratitude
to those Western Armenian narrators, who, with their already fading dialects
have communicated me and saved from a total loss the remains of the spiritual
culture of this part of the Armenian people, so I offer you what is yours,
Armenian people.
Moussa Ler (Moussa Dagh) is the
name of a locality on the northeastern shore of the Mediterranean, populated
since of long with an ethnographic group of Armenians.
In time of the 1915 wholesale
massacre of the Armenians they rose to worldwide renown for their forty-day-long
heroic battle, after which they commenced a nomadic life in different countries.
In 1946 the greater part of those wanderers was repatriated to Soviet Armenia.
The present edition is the first attempt to sample nearly all the traditional
folklore genres of the natives of Moussa Ler.
The collection comprises 1319 texts
of different productions, characteristic of the repertory of Moussa Ler natives
living in Armenia.
The folklore data are presented in
three large sections:
The data were recorded with due
account of their dialectological principles, each provided with parallel entries
of equivalents in literary Armenian.
The edition includes a vocabulary
explaining the difficult words and expressions, the biography of narrators,
comments marked with archival references showing motif parallels in world tales,
tables, a number of notations of songs based on their execution, as well as a
map portraying the repatriation of the natives of Moussa Ler to Soviet Armenia.
The introduction enlists general
information on Moussa Ler and its former inhabitants and a number of results of
special studies of the folklore repertory of this group.
The folklore data were recorded in
two periods: 1955-1960 and 1972-1978. A collection of statistical and analytical
observations made in time of two expeditions enabled us to draw a number of
synchronous and diachronous conclusions. Thus, tendencies of qualitative changes
on the synchronous plane make themselves felt in the quantitative reduction of
the traditional repertory, apparently due to generation shift: the departure of
the senior generation of narrators brings about a gradual disappearance of oral
Making use of the Armenian system
of documentation (ASL) worked out by Isidor Levin, a doctor of philological
sciences, as well as the research methods he has suggested, we have succeeded in
a number of cases in objectifying the changes in the folklore of the natives of
Moussa Ler, accountable in terms of modified historical and geographical
setting, the growth of social and cultural standard and the shaping of a new
thinking and psychology.
The research method and the
references drawn upon in the writing may prove of interest not only to the
folklorists but also to the historians of Armenian culture, dialectologists and
The medieval Armenian State Cilicia
was situated on the South East of Minor Asia and North East Coast of the
Mediterranean Sea.
During three centuries of its
glorious sovereign state (XI-XIV centuries) the Armenian Cilicia was famous for
its developed political, economic system. Here flourished the trades,
educational centres of science and culture.
After the Genocide of the Armenians
in 1915, the deportation from Cilicia (1921) and the disaster of Ismir (1922),
considerable part of the Western Armenians was exterminated. The rest, who
escaped and survived by miracle, remained homeless and unmotherland. So they
were obliged to settle in different countries of the world, creating the
Armenian Diaspora as a historical phenomenon.
After long wanderings, most of them
repatriated to Soviet Armenia and settled in new localities, which symbolized
their past cradle.
From the representatives of the
eldest generation which suffered, eye-witnesses of the historical events we
mentioned above, by our own initiative, since 1950s, we inscribed numerous
memories, historical folk tales about historical events and features, as well as
songs and epical songs of various genres, which in artistic forms reproduced the
past flourished life, customs and mode of life of the Cilician Armenians, who
suffered because of the forced massacre and deportation organized by the Turks,
the honest and fair struggle, which the Cilician Armenians held against that
violence from the beginning of the insurrection of Zeytoun 1862 until the heroic
resistance of Moussa Dagh, Yedessia (1915), and also Adana, Aintab, Hadjn and
other places in 1920, until the forced deportation of the Cilician Armenians and
Anatolia, their wanderings and repatriation, their adaptation to the new mode of
life of their Homeland, including the actual events of nowadays and the
confirmation of the new Sovereign Armenian State.
That period is saturated with rapid
social-historical events, and this collection includes memorized folklore
materials of this period, which until now by different causes was not inscribed
and studied.
While inscribing the materials of
the collection we tried to maintain the irreproachable oral speech of the
narrator. The dialect materials are presented as it is accepted in the
scientific transcription, having in particular the dialect of Cilicia (Zeytoun,
Hadjn, Marash, Moussa-Dagh, Kessab, Beylan, Deurtyol, Sis, Tarsone, Adana,
Mersine) and also the oral folklore of other Western Armenian regions (Yedessia,
Tikranakert, Bitlis, Erzroum, Van, Harput, Keghy, Balou, Malatya, Kesarya,
Sebastya, Shabin-Karahisar, Adabazar, Eskishehir, Boursa, Biledjik, Nicomidie,
Rodosto, Tchanakgale, Smyrne, Constantinople) in Armenian and Turkish languages
accompanied by our literary Armenian translations.
The materials of the collection are
mainly inscribed in Armenia, partial in the USA and Greece and are grouped and
systematized in four parts.
The collection has a vocabulary of
foreign words and dialects, footnotes, a map, songs accompanied by musical
notes, historical-ethnographical photos.
The introduction of the collection
includes information about the historical past of the Cilician Armenians, their
political, economic, spiritual and cultural life.
In applying the least scientific
modern methods of quantitative analyze in folklore science, we studied the
sex-age relation of 230 narrators, comparing with their 1461 unit information in
various genres materials.
The folklore materials and memories
of this of this folk-historical collection, for its originality and historical
value, shall be the witness for the objective illumination of the Armenian
Genocide and other historical events by a simple, popular language, and so they
appears as historical reliable documents.
Recently, the interest around the
Armenian nation's fatal Genocide increased, as far as the Turkish historiography
obstinate to distort the reliable historical events. In a sense, except of the
official published documents, the folk songs and memoirs, created directly under
the impression of the events mentioned above, have an exceptional historico-factual
importance and were not inscribed and researched in Armenia until now.
After the Genocide of the Armenians
in 1915, the deportation from Cilicia (1921) and the disaster of Ismir (1922),
considerable part of the Western Armenians was exterminated. The rest, which
escaped and survived by miracle, remained homeless and unmotherland. So they
were obliged to settle in different countries of the world, creating the
Armenian Diaspora as a historical phenomenon.
After long wanderings, most of them
repatriated to Soviet Armenia and settled in new localities which symbolized
their past cradle.
This collection includes memoirs
and folk songs of historical character (in Armenian and in Turkish languages),
which, since 1950s, we have inscribed in Armenia and partly in the Diaspora,
created by the Armenians deported from Western Armenia, Cilicia and the
localities of Anatolia, who reproduced the eldest generation of eye-witness
repatriates, salved by miracle from the Genocide.
These factual documents really
reflect the military muster, the mass exile, massacre and slaughter organized by
the Turks, also the heroic self-defense and the overwhelms of Van, Sasoun, Moush,
Shatakh, Shapin-Garahisar, Zeytoun, Moussa Dagh, Ourfa and other places, later
in 1920-1921 Marash, Ayntap, Hadjn.
In spite the movements were crushed
by the Turkish autocracy, the fearless heroes, who struggled for their
elementary rights and physical resistance of their nation, left a bright sign in
the history of the national liberation struggle.
In the process of noting the
materials we tried to be faithful to the oral speech of 230 narrators, to the
specific dialogue of their languages. Some interpretations are given by special
Besides the folk materials, the
collection includes a scientific introduction, where parallel to the historical
events we researched the inscribed folk materials, the original texts and notes
of which are kept in the fund of the folklore archive Verjine Svazlian at the
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of Armenia's National Academy of
The collection has a vocabulary of
foreign words and dialects, footnotes, a map, songs accompanied by musical
notes, historical photos, information about the narrators and their photographs.
In the course of tens of years
period word by word, fragment by fragment the inscribed and presented oral
materials, because of their original and valuable historical cognition remain
reliable, factological and documental evidences, reflecting by a simple folk
language the events of the Armenian Genocide.
After the fall of Constantinople in
1453, Fatih Sultan Mohamet II proclaimed it capital of the Ottoman State and
renamed it Istanbul.
The monarch transferred there the
families of the Armenian masters from the inner provinces of the Turkish Empire,
who not only increased the number of the flourishing Armenian community, but
also imparted beauty and radiance to the newly-established capital with the
ability of their mind and their arm.
Under the immediate supervision of
Sultan Fatih Mohamet, the Armenians found a true atmosphere of activity and,
owing to the religious freedom afforded, founded in the new capital the Armenian
Patriarchate of Turkey in 1461, to which the Sultan granted certain ecclesiastic
and communal rights.
There were at that time about one
thousand Armenian families in Istanbul. During the subsequent years the number
of Armenians in Istanbul grew gradually as a result of the migration of people
from the provinces in search of work. The Armenian jewellers, silk-spinners and
other craftsman enjoyed a great reputation. The wealthy class was composed of
money-changers, money-lenders and tradesmen, who, owing to their capital and
enterprising efficiency, had gained influential positions, had established ties
with the Sultan's Court and played an active role in the economic and political
life of Turkey.
The important state functions of
the Sultan's Court had been trusted to the Armenians, who conducted them
devotedly and by inheritance, from generation to generation. Thus, Harutyun
Amira Bezjian was the Sultan's counsellor, the Duzians governed the jeweller's
art and the mintage, the Dadians were leaders in gunpowder manufacture, the
Balians were distinguished in architecture, etc. The Armenians have had also
ministers of the Post, the Telegraph, the Public Constructions, Agriculture,
Foreign Affairs in the government of the Ottoman Empire and subsequently,
deputies of the Ottoman Parliament as well.
The commission merchants were also
among the wealthy class and greatly fostered the developing trade between Turkey
and Europe.
The Armenian community in Istanbul
included also famous intellectuals, artists and architects, who had an active
participation not only in the Palace, but also in the public and political
progress of the country.
During the 539 years of its
existence, the Armenian Patriarchate of Turkey, with its various religious and
cultural activities, has lead the Armenian community along the path of
civilization, constantly supporting the social and ideological ascent of the
country. It has also greatly contributed to the unification of the Armenian
people, to the preservation of its national identity, language and culture. At
present, the Armenian Patriarch in Turkey is His Beatitude Archbishop Mesrob M.
Now the Armenians have 42 churches
and 19 schools in Istanbul and the provinces. The schools have their alumni
associations, which keep alive the cultural life of the Armenian community by
their various artistic enterprises and publications.
Besides the daily newspapers
"Zhamanak" and "Nor Marmara," the weekly journals "Akos" and "Lraber"
(publication of the Patriarchate) are published in Armenian and Turkish
languages, the yearbook "Shoghakat," the monthly journal "Soorp Prkitch," the
reviews "Hopina" and "Poondj" are published in Armenian.
At the present time, about 60
thousand Armenians reside in Istanbul and 5 thousand live in the provinces. They
are engaged in trade and handicrafts. The Armenian community has devoted
clergymen, teachers, physicians, writers and artists, who have been specialized
in Turkey and in foreign countries.
It is impossible to conceive the
spiritual character of the Armenian community of Turkey without studying its
oral tradition, which has been transmitted from generation to generation.
The various materials of the oral
tradition (1516 units) we have written down from the representatives of the
Armenian community of Turkey (120 narrators) have been summarized in the present
collection under the following headings.
Prose Folkore.
Fables, tales.
Religious-moral tales.
Humorous tales.
Parables and animal tales.
Custom tales.
Historical tales.
Verse Folklore.
Verse Folklore.
Phraseological Folklore.
Baptismal, nuptial
and funeral folk customs of the past and the present are described in these
ethnographic materials.
The volume includes also a glossary
of foreign words and dialects, foot-notes, songs accompanied by musical notes,
photographs of narrators and commentaries.
The present collection of oral folk
tradition gives the reader an idea about the past mode of life, demeanour,
customs, emotions and experiences of the Armenian community of Turkey, as well
as about the present day joint, peaceful and creative life of the Armenian and
Turkish peoples in the Republic of Turkey.
During the past years, interest
toward the fatal events of the Armenian Genocide has grown, especially when
Turkish historiographers obstinately tried to distort the true historical facts.
In this respect, the popular songs and memoirs created under the immediate
impression of the said events are, besides the official published documents, of
an exceptional historico-cognitive value; in spite of their importance, however,
they had almost not been recorded and studied until recently.
As a result of the Genocide of the
Armenians in 1915, the deportation from Cilicia (1921) and the disaster of Izmir
(1922), more than 1.5 million Western Armenians were exterminated, while those
who were rescued and miraculously survived, remained homeless and deprived of
their motherland; they were compelled to migrate and to settle in different
countries of the world, creating the Armenian Diaspora as a historical reality.
After long wanderings, many of the
eye-witness survivors of these tragic events have been repatriated to the
Motherland from Constantinople, the Balkan countries, Greece, France, Syria,
Lebanon, Iraq, Egypt and settled in newly-built localities symbolizing their
former native cradles.
The present collection includes
oral memoirs and folk songs of historical character (in Armenian and Turkish
languages), which we have inscribed since 1956 in Armenia and partly in the
Diaspora; they have been narrated and sung by Armenian repatriates,
representatives of the senior generation of eye-witnesses, miraculously saved
from the Genocide and deported from 70 localities of Western Armenia, Cilicia
and Anatolia.
These factual documents truthfully
depict the mobilization, the arm-collection, the mass exile, massacre and
slaughter organized by the government of Young Turks, as well as the heroic
self-defensive battles of Van, Sassoun, Moush, Shatakh, Shapin-Garahissar,
Moussa Dagh, Urfa and later (1920-1921), of Ayntap and Hadjn.
Although the Turkish autocracy
cruelly suppressed the heroic resistance started in various localities,
nevertheless, the fearless Armenian heroes, who fought for their elementary
human rights and for the physical survival of their nation, recorded brilliant
pages in the history of the national-liberation struggle of the Armenian people.
In the process of recording the
materials, we have tried to be faithful to the oral speech of our 550 narrators
and to the specific dialect of their language. Some interpretations are given by
special footnotes.
Besides the memoirs and songs, the
collection includes also a historico-scientific introduction, where, along with
the historical events, we have analysed the recorded oral folk materials (600
units), the original texts and notes of which are kept as a special fund (Verjine
Svazlian Fund) in the archives of the Museum-Institute of the Armenian Genocide
of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia.
The collection is provided with a
glossary of foreign words and dialects, footnotes, historical map, songs
accompanied by musical notes, information about the narrators and their
The present oral testimonies, which
have been inscribed (written down, audio- and video-recorded) word by word,
fragment by fragment in the course of 45 years, are, by reason of their
originality and historical value, unique factological and documental evidences
reflecting, in a simple folk language, the tragic events of the Armenian
I made the acquaintance of the
repatriate intellectual Grikor Gyozalian (Geghuni), a native of Moussa Dagh,
specialized in engineering in Paris, in 1976, at the time when I was preparing
my folklore collection "Moussa Dagh" for publication (V. Svazlian.
Moussa Dagh.
"Armenian Ethnography and Folklore." Vol. 16, Publishing House AS ASSR,
Yerevan, 1984). Grikor Gyozalian became for me not only a talented narrator from
whom I have written down folklore materials already doomed to oblivion, but
also, with his compassionate behaviour and patriotic fervency, he assisted in
the dialectal corrections of the original texts of my collection, for which I am
grateful to him.
Formerly, Grikor Gyozalian had
assisted also the academicians Ararat Gharibian and Gevork Jahukian in studying
the difficult dialect of Moussa Dagh.
Appreciating Grikor Gyozalian's
rich experience and knowledge of his native land, I requested him to compile the
ethnography of Moussa Dagh, putting at his disposal the "Ethnographic
Questionnaire" of the famous ethnographer Stepan Lissitsian, in order that,
using these scientific principles as a starting point, he might present the life
and customs of this section of the Armenian nation, the lack of which is notable
up to the present day.
Inspired with the dream of his
native land and endowed with poetic style, Grikor Gyozalian realized this work
with love and enthusiasm; however, it was left unpublished up till now for
various reasons at the archives of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography
of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia.
The present work summarizes the
period extending till the heroic battle organized by the denizens of Moussa Dagh
during the days of the Armenian Genocide in 1915. Based upon the general
characteristic of the seven villages of Moussa Dagh, it depicts the geographical
environment they have lived in, the old and new historical events, the popular
rites and beliefs embracing all the spheres of the human life from birth till
future life.
The section "Economic Life"
includes detailed descriptions concerning land-cultivation, horticulture,
vegetable-growing, cattle-breeding, sericulture, apiculture, hunting, widespread
occupations in handicraft and manual skill, barter, trade, transport, etc.
The section "Material Life"
describes the villages, the churches, nearly all the variants of the external
aspect and internal furnishing of houses and adjacent constructions, of
costumes, of adornments, of food and beverages.
Of special interest are the
materials included in the section "Social Relations" of the inhabitants of
Moussa Dagh dealing with the customary right and various forms of thinking of
the generation, the family, the class layers, the beliefs, the holidays and the
Grikor Gyozalian has succeeded, as
an eye-witness survivor, in presenting what he has seen and heard in the past in
a popular language and in an expressive and vivid style, imparting to the
material a truthful and trustworthy character.
The work is supplied with drawings
made by the author himself, which render this valuable ethnographic ancient
material more obvious and more comprehensible.
Grikor Gyozalian's present work is
a colourful panorama saved from a total loss of the former life, customs and
outlook of the heroic denizens of Moussa Dagh, which, we are sure, will occupy
its befitting place in the century-old history of the Armenian people.
Translated from the Armenian by
The typological
peculiarities of the testimonies of eyewitness survivors
The course of the Armenian Genocide according to the testimonies of the
eyewitness survivors
Photographs of the eyewitness survivors of the Armenian Genocide
Photographs of the following generation of the eyewitness survivors
About the author
Map of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire (1915-1922)
Reproduction in full or in
part is prohibited
Yerevan, Armenia
All rights reserved
Smbat Minasyan : E-mail


text:
LIMA (Reuters) - Peruvian prosecutors have concluded that a Canadian man shot a medicine woman to death in an Amazonian community before he was lynched in retribution last month, a representative of Peru's attorney general's office said on Thursday.
A gun that Sebastian Woodroffe, a 41-year-old native of Vancouver Island, bought early last month matches one found near the crime scene, said Ricardo Jimenez, the president of a group of prosecutors in the Amazonian region of Ucayali.
Gunpowder was also found on Woodroffe's clothes, though not on his hands - possibly the result of having been buried for two days before his body was found by police, Jimenez said.
Woodroffe was beaten and lynched by residents of a Shipibo-Conibo indigenous community in the rainforest region of Ucayali last month after Olivia Arevalo, a revered 81-year-old shaman, was shot and killed near her home.
Woodroffe's and Arevalo's family could not be reached for comment.
The double homicide spotlighted surging tourism in the Amazon related to the hallucinogenic plant brew ayahuasca, which has long been used by tribes in spiritual rituals and is popular among foreigners seeking psychedelic experiences or help with addiction.
Woodroffe traveled to Peru to learn about ayahuasca and plant medicine so he could become an addictions counselor, according to his post on the crowdfunding website Indiegogo.com.
Jimenez said prosecutors suspect Woodroffe killed Arevalo over money that Arevalo's son owed Woodroffe.
Results were still pending from a test to determine whether Woodroffe had consumed ayahuasca, alcohol or any other drugs before his death, Jimenez said.
Police have still not found two men seen pulling on a rope around Woodroffee's neck in a cellphone video recording of the lynching. The interior ministry has offered a 20,000 ($6,105) reward for information leading to the capture of either of them.
Reporting by Mitra Taj; Editing by Paul Simao
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Easter Bunny Train
- April 2, 2021
- April 3, 2021
- April 4, 2021
- All Ages: 28.00(First-Class)
- Infant (0-1): 4.00(Coach Car)
- Child (2-11): 13.00(Coach Car)
- Adult (12+): 19.00(Coach Car)
Boarding times are 15 minutes before departure times
Welcome Spring with a ride through beautiful farmland with the Easter Bunny as your Conductor! Boys and girls will be delighted with a special surprise as the Easter Bunny greets them on board this memorable steam train.
A Strasburg Rail Road tradition for generations, the Easter Bunny Train is available April 2 – April 4, 2021:
- Friday, April 2 trains depart hourly from 11am – 3pm
- Saturday, April 3 trains depart hourly from 11am – 4pm
- Sunday, April 4 trains depart hourly from 11am – 3pm
Enjoy more fun around the station with the Fun Extras (From 11:45 a.m. each day and running until the day's last train departure) included with the purchase of your train ticket! Our Fun Extras include the Pint-Sized Pufferbelly (a vintage miniature steam train), the hand-powered Cranky Cars, and the LO&S Motorcar (aka "Cotton Tail Trolley"). Fun Extras will be available weather permitting.
BYOB (Bring Your Own Basket!) and set your youngster loose in search of Easter Eggs at the Strasburg Rail Road! An Easter Egg Hunt is included as part of each child's Easter Bunny Train experience. Whether before or after your train ride, be sure to allow time to send your child on a hunt for that special Easter treasure! Hunts are conducted in a nearby field.
Egg Hunts are offered at the following times for children 11 years and younger with a valid Easter Bunny Train ticket:
- Friday, April 2 – 12:00, 1:00, 2:00, 3:00 & 4:00 pm
- Saturday, April 3 – 12:00, 1:00, 2:00, 3:00, 4:00 & 5:00 pm
Please note: there is no egg hunt after the 6:00 pm trip. Guests riding the 6:00 pm trip are encouraged to do the egg hunt BEFORE the train ride.
- Sunday, April 4 – 12:00, 1:00, 2:00, 3:00 pm, & 4:00 pm


text:
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Secondhand Jaguar deals can be seen from all the price comparison websites. When you input your criteria into any of these sites, they produce a comprehensive listing of all vehicles that match your requirements. You can see from the varying prices that today is a buyers market when it comes to prestige cars and this is primarily due to the downturn in the economy. As fuel prices are continually increasing. many motorists are downsizing their vehicles and luxury cars are more competitively priced than ever before.
Funkymotors.ie an Irish based website currently has a Jaguar XJ8 V8 long wheel base 4door saloon for only 4950 euro. This site arranges the search in order of price so that the cheapest options are at the top. As you continue through the listing, the very final car on offer is a jaguar XK series 4 2XK coupe and this is selling for 84,950!
If you buy from an authorised Jaguar dealer you can avail of their excellent flexible finance options, 12 months warranty, 12 months roadside coverage, a certified vehicle history and a comprehensive quality check. This is an unrivalled assurance that the car you choose is of the highest quality and offers the driver real peace of mind.
Sites such as donedeal.ie serve primarily the private seller as it only cots 3 euro to advertise with them. If considering buying a Jaguar through a private sale, it might be wise to check that it's not the subject of a finance agreement before you commit to the sale.
- Source:
- google images


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Don't Throw Away the Egg Shells
- 7 Months ago
- 523
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Have you ever wondered before throwing away an egg shell that it could be used productively for other purposes apart from its usual place in the dustbin? Read on to find out different ways to reuse egg shells.
1. Turn them into compost
Why waste eggshells when you can use them to better your home garden? Egg shells decompose easily and provide calcium and other minerals useful for plant growth.
2. Make way for environmental-friendly pest control
Crush egg shells and scatter the bits around plants and shrubs. They drive away slugs, snails, cutworms, and grubs. Some animals also despise the smell of decomposing egg shells, giving your outdoor garden more protection.
3. Use them in your coffee
Nothing beats a good cup of coffee to kick start your morning. But, if the bitterness of your black coffee is a real mood buster, try adding crushed eggshells to your coffee grounds in the filter. The coffee instantly tastes less bitter. After use, add the mixture to your compost bin.
4. Formulate an effective cleaning solution
Add crushed egg shells to soapy water and pour it into narrow-mouthed thermoses and vases. Shake the vase well and pour out. The crushed egg shells provide a mild abrasive action that helps to effortlessly get the dirt out.
5. Do something crafty.
Create cute little pieces for your Easter eggs display. Remove the white and yolk by making a narrow hole on top and blow out the inside. Wash and dry before painting over the hollow shell. For a sparkly effect, add glitter and rhinestones.
6. Make egg-shaped Jell-O & chocolate
Create your very own kinder eggs at home by filling hollow egg shells with jell-O or chocolate. Let them harden in the refrigerator for an hour or until they solidify inside. Remove them and peel the egg shells. You will be left with beautiful egg-shaped jell-O and chocolate treats. Word of caution – wash and dry egg shells (check procedure in point 5) thoroughly before filling them in.
7. Clear your drain
Throw in a couple of crushed egg shells into a clogged pipe. The egg shells will trap solids and their mildly abrasive nature will scrape off unwanted gunk.
8. Remember to use the membrane
The very-thin transparent membrane found inside an eggshell has medical properties. It can be used for protecting cuts and treating ingrown toenails.
9. Grow seedlings.
Use egg shell halves as a mini pot to grow out your seedlings before planting them in pots. Place soil-filled egg shell halves in the carton that they come in and plant the seeds. Once they grow out a bit, transfer them to the garden and crush the egg shell for compost. Tomato is a good option to start with.
10. Counter skin irritation.
Add an egg shell to a small mason jar filled with apple cider vinegar. Egg shells soften in vinegar and gradually dissolve in it. This makes for a calcium-rich mixture that can be applied to the skin while experiencing irritation and itching.
11. Your DIY face mask.
Crush egg shells using a mortar and pestle and combine it with separated egg white. Apply the mask on the face and allow it dry off. The combined action of crushed shells and albumin provide a skin-tightening effect.
12. Stop bedwetting in your kids
Roast and crush egg shells. Add the fine powder to a cup of milk and let your child have it for at least a month. Egg shells are known to stop bedwetting. Do remember to follow proper hygiene practices before roasting the egg shells.
13. Drive the lizards away
Place egg shells near windows and doors on a higher elevation and drive lizards and spiders away.


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In progress
Street lighting faults
Reported via Android in the Street lighting category anonymously at 20:35, Thu 11 January 2018
Sent to Oxfordshire County Council 5 minutes later
Illuminated road traffic sign light not working
I reported street light not working before Xmas still not fixed job
Posted anonymously at 09:32, Fri 12 January 2018
Thank you for your report, to enable us to log the fault to the correct unit can you please advise using the attached map the street light number you are referring to. If the unit is not on the map this would not be owned/maintained by Oxfordshire County Council and would need to be reported to the developer/landowner direct. Unfortunately we do not keep records of private lights.
State changed to: Investigating
Posted by Oxfordshire County Council at 11:01, Fri 12 January 2018
This is pole number six out side 18 Lime crescent BICESTER
Southwold OX26 3XJ
Posted anonymously at 07:59, Sat 13 January 2018
Ref: 340778 Thank you for your report; we have logged this as a fault on our management system. Our current policy is for our contractor to attend electrical & structural emergencies as a priority; these will be attended within a 24hr period. All other faults are logged on our management system, for efficiency, these are grouped by area and the date they were reported, and the contractor attends against a programmed of works based on this approach.
State changed to: Action scheduled
Posted by Oxfordshire County Council at 09:48, Mon 15 January 2018
Provide an update
Please note that updates are not sent to the council. Your information will only be used in accordance with our privacy policy


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"This is a joyous warm-weather fizz striking just the right balance between accessibility and interest. Its perfumed nose hints at summer fruits (redcurrants and raspberry) before a creamy, textured palate adds gravitas."
Hamish Anderson, The Telegraph
"Lovely vibrant fruit character with a rhubarb sort of element to it. Full of flavour and generosity – proper rosé with good concentration and purity. Good length, loads of potential – excellent."
Richard Hemming MW, Purple Pages of JancisRobinson.com


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Buddha Wall Art on Happiness
$ 70.00
Imagine seeing this bright and cheery painting every morning - it would bring a smile to your face - what a great way to start the day!
Daisy flower canvas painting with distressed Buddha Quote: "There is no path to happiness, Happiness is the path."
Stay connected to the good vibes every day with Buddha wall art.


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Nursery and Infants 'Good Eggs' tea
Some of the Nursery and Infant children had afternoon tea with the Headmaster. The children had been nominated by staff for this special treat in recognition of their all-round effort and kindness to others. They enjoyed the sandwiches and thought the chocolate cake was delicious. The children liked the artwork in Mr Moody's study which was created by some of the older pupils. The children went on the balcony to see the front lawn where they had been playing and waved to the people arriving. They had a lovely time.
30 June 2018
Nursery & Infants News


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Instead of purchasing gifts for baby, use your plastic canvas crafting skills to create something really special. There are tons of great plastic canvas patterns out there for baby, and we found some of the most unique patterns to help you create the perfect gifts.
1. A Whole Nursery Set: Help new parents decorate the nursery - or just freshen it up - with this unique plastic canvas set. Baby will love the bright colors, textures, and shapes of the captivating mobile. The pretty pastel projects for the nursery include all the basics a mother-to-be could need to surround baby with sweetness, decorated with hearts, bows, and building blocks. Create this great baby gift now with the Sweetheart Nursery ePattern.
2. Adorable Photo Frames: Surprise baby and mom with these bears, ducks, bunnies, and other cute characters from Dick Martin. Babies will love the cute animals, and parents will love to show off cute baby photos in these unique frames. Create this great gift for baby now with Friends For Baby.
3. A Little Bookshelf For A Little Reader: Baby's favorite bedtime stories can be tucked away in the handy plastic canvas book holder, and the matching heart-embellished frame will showcase a photo of Mommy's little darling. Create this great plastic canvas gift for baby now with the ePattern.
4. A Cute Arrival Sign: Whether baby has arrived or will arrive soon, this plastic canvas sign will be cherished by new parents. Baby will love the fun textures, lines, and colors too! A great addition to any nursery. Create it now with Gifts Galore.
5. A Plastic Canvas Baby Bag: This roomy bag for baby's necessities will be a great surprise! Complete with a big front pocket, it can hold diapers, bottles, rattles, and more. Get the pattern for this unique plastic canvas tote to create a great gift for baby. Start now with the Heartwarming Baby Tote ePattern.
6. A Buddy For Baby: Create this cute plastic canvas wall hanging for baby and give them a new friend! Baby will love the cute kitty, bright colors, and fun texture, and you'll love challenging yourself to create this gift from Teach Me To Long Stitch.
Need more gift ideas? Check out our Plastic Canvas Gift Giving Guide.


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Monday marked the final day of the 2016-17 term for the Supreme Court of the United States and, as anticipated, it proved to be an exceptionally busy day. Indeed, the court released opinions in six cases, including the one examining President Trump's proposed travel ban.
SCOTUS grants cert in important Fourth Amendment data tracking case - II
Last week, we began discussing how the Supreme Court of the United States recently granted a petition for a writ of certiorari in Carpenter v. United States, a case that could have major implications for Fourth Amendment jurisprudence.
SCOTUS grants cert in important Fourth Amendment data tracking case
With all of the excitement on Capitol Hill last week owing to the testimony of former FBI director James Comey before a Senate Panel, it's possible that many people overlooked a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States to review an important case during their next term -- one that could have major implications for Fourth Amendment jurisprudence.
What you need to understand about the 'club drug' ketamine
As much as the décor, the music and the fashions favored by people may change, there is one thing about dance clubs, bars and nighttime hotspots that will never change: the presence of illegal narcotics. Indeed, the reality is that while most responsible owners do everything in their power to run clean establishments, customers and even staff will often find ways to bring drugs onto the premises for use or sale.
Bill targeting repeat gun offenders delayed by procedural maneuver
While most people were out enjoying the Memorial Day weekend, state lawmakers were hard at work in Springfield attempting to reach agreements on a host of issues from the budget and enhanced protections for immigrants to automatic voter registration and criminal law reform.


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Today's street parking infrastructure is still rudimentary and often does not leverage data from connected technology. One of the biggest challenges for city drivers is accessing up-to-date information on the availability of parking spots. Additionally, city officials need insights on parking use in order to better manage occupancy.
In order to explore new applications for connected technology, the city of Helsinki recently piloted a smart parking initiative to build on its connected lighting infrastructure. Funded by the EIT-Digital open-innovation program in collaboration with the consortium involving Philips Lighting, Forum Virium Helsinki and Parquery, the system offers a real time overview of unoccupied public parking spaces. It works by combining traffic monitoring solutions with the existing outdoor lighting network, producing highly granular parking information across the city that can be used to inform and improve parking services to benefit both city officials and city users.
Monitored data is sent to a central server and pushed to platforms that can be used by 3rd party applications and services. Applications using this data help drivers find parking spaces more efficiently while also helping city planners optimize parking space utilization.
A smart-parking pilot that uses IP-cameras and cloud-based image analytics is currently helping Helsinki discover the suitability of advanced lighting and video technology to address smart city challenges. Within the EIT-Digital open-innovation program, Philips Lighting Research collaborated with the Public Works Department of the City of Helsinki to co-create a smart parking service. This smart city innovation pilot allows the city to gain valuable insights into the feasibility of deploying these technologies on a larger scale.
During February and March 2017, a small-scale smart parking pilot was deployed as part of Helsinki's open street-lab initiative, City as a development platform. Prior to the pilot, the smart parking concept had also been trialed at the High Tech Campus Living Lab in Eindhoven, during June to December 2016.
This smart city initiative has provided Helsinki with first-hand information about the suitability of video technology for this task and helped the city gain valuable insights into how this type of monitoring can be deployed. The concept has helped Helsinki move towards its goal of becoming a 'City as development platform' by providing insight into business models and innovative ways of utilizing its existing lighting network assets as a backbone for IoT applications.
Helsinki's innovation procurement program is now considering public lighting as a potential IoT backbone, enabling future smart city applications. The city is targeting further innovative third-party solutions and services for transport, based on comprehensive real-time understanding of traffic volumes, travel times and related conditions such as parking


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Whenever a real estate property is transferred, a Transfer Disclosure Statement (TDS) must be filled by the seller, the listing agent, and signed by all parties. Although the seller's agent is likely to help the seller in filling out her section of this document, it is not the agent's job to do it.
Seller Section
The TDS asks for an answer by the seller on all the following questions. Note that other disclosure documents exist, some that are precision of the TDS questions. For example the Environmental Hazards require the use of other documents such as the Flood Disclosure.
Seller's Information
Items Included with the Property
- Required Inspection Reports where done
- The owner is still occupying the premises
- List of personal property items sold with the property1:
- Range
- Oven
- Microwave
- Dishwasher
- Trash Compactor
- Washer / Dryer
- Evaporation Coolers
- The kitchen sink includes a Garbage Disposal
- Washer / Dryer Hookups are available
- Rain Gutters are installed
- Burglar Alarms are installed and working
- Carbon Monoxide Devices are installed and in compliance
- Smoke Detectors are installed and in compliance
- Fire Alarm is installed and in compliance
- TV Antenna is available
- Satellite Dish is available
- Intercom is installed and working
- Central Heating is available and working (not including portable units)
- Central Air Conditioning is available and working (not including portable units)
- Wall/Window Air Conditioning is available and working (note that such units are not considered personal property because removing them leave a hole in the wall/window.)
- Sprinklers are installed and are working; there may be an automatic controller or not
- Waste water goes to the Public Sewer System or a Septic Tank
- Permanent Sump Pump is installed (most often in a basement)
- Permanent Water Softener available and in working order
- The house comes with a Patio/Decking
- Built-in Barbecue is available and in working order
- Gazebo is installed
- Security Gates are installed and in working order
- Garage is available and whether it is attached, has an automatic garage door with a door opener and the codes if required
- Carport is available
- Sauna is available and works
- Hot Tub / Spa is available and working and whether it has a Locking Safety Cover (required for families with young children)
- Pool is available and functional and whether a Child Resistant Barrier is available
- Pool/Spa Heater is available and functional and whether it uses Gas, Solar, or Electric
- Water Heater is available and working and whether it uses Gas, Solar, or Electric
- How Water Supply comes to the premises: City, Well, Private Utility, or some other means
- Whether and How Gas is Supplied: Utility Company or Bottled (Tank)
- Windows are provided with mosquito (and other insects) protection Screens
- Windows have Security Bars (i.e. outside bars, think jail-like window bars) and whether those bars can quickly be released from Bedroom Windows
- Water-Conserving Plumbing Fixtures on all faucets (kitchen, sinks, bathrooms, showers)
- List of Exhaust Fans (i.e. bathrooms, laundry room, gas water heater)
- Whether the house uses 220 Volts and if so, where such wiring is
- List of Fireplaces
- List of Gas Starters (fireplaces, water heater, range, barbecue)
- List of roofs and their approximate age
This list is not exhaustive. Anything else that is part of the sale needs to be listed.
Significant Defects or Malfunction
If anything is known to not be in working condition, then the Seller must disclose the current condition clearly. Specifically, the Seller must disclose problems with the following items:
- Interior Walls
- Ceiling
- Floors
- Exterior Walls
- Insulation
- Roofs
- Windows
- Doors
- Foundation
- Slabs
- Driveways
- Sidewalks
- Exterior Walls/Fences
- Electrical Systems
- Plumbing/Sewer/Septics
- Other Structural Components
A description is expected for any defect disclosed so it is clear.
Note that certain items may make the house non-compliant (for example a missing carbon monoxide device or no children proof barrier around the swimming pool.) This does not prevent the transfer of the property, but it has to be clear to the buyer at the time the transfer takes place. Actually, even a home that is not currently habitable can still be transferred, something that happens often since many investors like such homes.
Property and Land Concerns
Further, the Seller must disclose whether any one of the following is known:
- The property is affected by hazardous materials such as:
- Asbestos
- Formaldehyde
- Radon gas
- Lead-based paint
- Mold
- Chemical tanks
- Contaminated water or soil
- Parts of the property is in common with a neighbor when maintenance has an impact on the property
- Fences
- Drive ways
- Walls
- Other
- Encroachments, when a neighbor is using part of the property without consent; this is particularly important as a long encroachment (5+ years) entitles the current user to property right over that part of the real property
- Easement, when one neighbor gives right of way over his property to another owner; this is by contract so the easement will not allow the beneficiary the right of ownership for usage
- Whether room additions or structural changes where made without a permit or non-compliant to existing building codes
- Fill on the property
- Whether the soil experienced settling, slippage, or sliding
- Flooding, draining, or grading problems
- Major damage from:
- floods
- earthquakes
- fire
- landslide
- Zoning problems:
- Zoning violation; built a residential house in an industrial park
- Nonconforming use; opening a restaurant in your residence
- Setback requirements; space between your buildings and property limits
- Neighborhood noises or similar nuisances (i.e. close to airport, trucking company, nightclub)
- CC&R or other deed restrictions or obligations
- Homeowners' Association (HOA)
- Whether common areas exist (i.e. laundry room, parking, etc.)
- Notice of abandonment or citation against the property
- Any type of lawsuit that involves the property in any way and thus may affect the buyer's right over the property
Property in Compliance
As the seller you also have to sign on the fact that the existing smoke detectors are in compliance with the Health and Safety Code.
Further the water heater tank is expected to be isolated and well strapped.
Listing Agent Section
The Listing Agent attaches his Agent Visual Inspection Disclosure (AVID) which is a separate form. The TDS often includes the main items with a potential problem.
Buyer's Section
The buyer's section includes the buyer's signature. This ensures that the document was indeed transmitted to the Buyer for peruse. The Buyer should review each point and understand them before signing. Also, the buyer is given the choice of rescinding her offer if so they choose within a few days at no fault of the buyer or seller.
Note that the buyer is expected to sign the TDS and then officially rescind her offer with a different form if so inclined.
Further Comments
"AS IS" Sale
There is only one legal type of "AS IS" sale: a Foreclosure. All other sales, even if the seller says it is "AS IS" and the buyer accepts it, require the Transfer Disclosure Statement.
Mobile Homes
Sellers of Manufactured and Mobile homes and their agents also have to provide the buyer with a transfer disclosure statement. However, in this case the name of the statement is:
Manufactured Home/Mobilehome Transfer Disclosure Statement
The statement is similar. It includes specifics of such homes.
Source: CAL. CIV. § 1102.6d
1 Personal Property, items that can be moved out easily, are generally viewed as items that the owner will take along when moving out. This is why the Real Estate contracts are so verbose about such items because if they are missing at the time the buyer takes over the property, the price paid for the estate was not the right one.
Sources: CAL. CIV. § 1102, CAL. CIV. § 1102.1, CAL. CIV. § 1102.3, CAL. CIV. § 1102.4, CAL. CIV. § 1102.5, CAL. CIV. § 1102.6, CAL. CIV. § 1102.7, CAL. CIV. § 1102.8, CAL. CIV. § 1102.9, CAL. CIV. § 1102.10, CAL. CIV. § 1102.11, CAL. CIV. § 1102.12, CAL. CIV. § 1102.13, CAL. CIV. § 1102.14, CAL. CIV. § 1102.16, CAL. CIV. § 1102.17
For the Transfer Disclosure Statement of 2014, download the PDF from Sec. 15, Chapter 71 (pp. 18–22), Statutes of 2014 (link at the top) and read pages 18 to 22.


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Cancelled Rescheduled Emotis
♥ These adorable "cancelled" and "rescheduled" stickers are perfect for marking all the times when things don't go according to plan >.<
♥ Sizing: The sticker sheet measures approximately 3.3" X 4.5"
♥ Material: The highest quality setting is used to print on a nonremovable matte sticker paper. Colour may vary from monitor to monitor. Your product will not have a watermark.
♥ Shipping: Unless otherwise advertised, items will ship within 1-5 business days. Sales will have an extended processing time of 2-4 weeks.
♥ Any props shown in the listing photo (washi, pens, clips, etc.) is not included unless otherwise stated.
♥ Thank you for shopping at TheCoffeeMonsterzCO! Your support means the world to me :)


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Farmer's Branch — In this decade there hasn't been a bigger growth story among North Texas theaters than the Firehouse Theatre in Farmer's Branch. What began in 2012 with a love for musicals and a small budget has grown to a year-round theater with an $800,000 budget and enough support to, for the second year in a row, throw a swanky gala. Executive director David A. Moore says in 2020, that budget will grow.
At Friday night's gala at Vouv, an event center in Farmer's Branch, the love — and the money — was evident. The theme was 1920s — appropriate for an event celebrating the new 2020 season — and revelers came in their beaded flapper gowns and gangster suits. Tables were themed by famous 1920s people, including Clara Bow, Duke Ellington, and Buster Keaton. Auction items were snapped up for five grand.
There was a film about Firehouse's connection to education and the community, and most notably, the 2020 season was announced, with actors performing selections from the shows. (In case anyone was worried about the Singin' in the Rain mash-up of Rihanna's "Umbrella" and the musical's title song, don't worry, the actual production will be the traditional show.)
The season opens with a revival of a musical the Firehouse did five years ago, with that original cast: The Drowsy Chaperone. The other musicals are, notably, mostly from the 21st century: Rock of Ages, Elf, the area premiere of Amélie, and one of my personal favorites, the underrated Urinetown. The classics are Singin' in the Rain and The Wiz, and the one play is the physical theater-heavy version of the novel and film The 39 Steps.
Also in the season are the children's productions of Annie, Jr., Disney's Alice in Wonderland, Jr., and a new to-be-announced title.
Other big news from the gala: Firehouse is working toward becoming an Actor's Equity Association (AEA) Small Professional Theatre (SPT). Interestingly, another large-budget community theater, Theatre Arlington, has just started a three-year transition to becoming an SPT. Provided SPT statuses stay the same, this would make Theatre Arlington and Firehouse the 13th and 14th DFW theaters to have an AEA classification of SPT or higher, after Amphibian Stage Productions, Casa Mañana, Circle Theatre, Dallas Children's Theater, Dallas Theater Center, Lyric Stage, Second Thought Theatre, Stage West, Theatre Three, Undermain Theatre, Uptown Players, and WaterTower Theatre; in 2018 we lost an SPT when Trinity Shakespeare Festival closed.)
Here's the season line-up:
The Drowsy Chaperone
Music and lyrics by Lisa Lambert and Greg Morrison | Book by Bob Martin and Don McKellar
January 30 - February 23, 2020
Directed by Derek Whitener
One of Firehouse's biggest hits is back! With the houselights down, a man in a chair appears on stage and puts on his favorite record: the cast recording of a fictitious 1928 musical. The recording comes to life and THE DROWSY CHAPERONE begins as the man in the chair looks on. Mix in two lovers on the eve of their wedding, a bumbling best man, a desperate theatre producer, a not-so-bright hostess, two gangsters posing as pastry chefs, a misguided Don Juan and an intoxicated chaperone, and you have the ingredients for an evening of madcap delight.
The Wiz
Music and lyrics by Charlie Smalls | Book by William F. Brown
March 13 - April 5, 2020
Directed and choreographed by Zach Ingram
Winner of seven Tony Awards and a beloved Broadway gem, The Wiz infuses L. Frank Baum's classic novel, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, with a dazzling mix of rock, gospel, and soul music. Also adapted into a hit film, this timeless tale of Dorothy's adventures through the Land of Oz is a fun and thrilling family-friendly modern musical.
Rock of Ages
Music and lyrics by various artists | Book by Chris D'Arienzo
May 7 - 24, 2020
Directed by Ashley H. White | Music direction by Vonda K. Bowling
The 1980s is back in Rock of Ages, an exciting musical journey through one of the greatest music catalogues of our time! It's the tail end of the 80s in Hollywood, and the party is raging at one of the Sunset Strip's last legendary venues, where rock idol Stacee Jaxx regularly plays. An aspiring rock singer and a starry-eyed small-town girl dream of an exciting future. The fairy tale comes to an end when German developers sweep into town with plans to turn the fabled Strip into another capitalist strip mall. This musical features classic rock anthems by Styx, Journey, Bon Jovi, and more!
Singin' in the Rain
Music by Nacio Herb Brown | Lyrics by Arthur Freed | Book by Adolph Green and Betty Comden
July 15 - August 9, 2020
Directed by M. Scott Tatum
The "Greatest Movie Musical of All Time" is faithfully and lovingly adapted for the stage. SINGIN' IN THE RAIN has all the makings of a Tinseltown tabloid headline – the starlet, the leading man and a romance that could change lives and make or break careers! In silent movies, Don Lockwood and Lina Lamont are a hot item. But, behind the scenes, things aren't always as they appear on the big screen! Meanwhile, Lina's squeaky voice might be the end of her career in "talking pictures" without the help of a talented young actress to do the talking and singing for her.
Music by Daniel Messé | Lyrics by Daniel Messé and Nathan Tysen | Book by Craig Lucas
September 3 - 20, 2020
Directed by Derek Whitener | Music direction by Mark Mullino
Based on the acclaimed 2001 film, Amélie tells the magical (and musical) story of an extraordinary young woman who lives quietly in the world but loudly in her mind. When a chance at love comes her way, she realizes that to find happiness, she'll have to risk everything and say what's in her heart. Be inspired by this imaginative dreamer who finds her voice, discovers the power of connection, and sees possibility around every corner.
Urinetown: The Musical
Music by Mark Hollmann | Lyrics by Hollmann and Greg Kotis | Book by Greg Kotis
October 1 - 18, 2020
Directed by Brandon Tijerina
Winner of three Tony Awards, Urinetown is a hilarious musical satire of the legal system, capitalism, social irresponsibility, populism, bureaucracy, corporate mismanagement, municipal politics and musical theatre itself! In a Gotham-like city, a terrible water shortage, caused by a 20-year drought, has led to a government-enforced ban on private toilets. The citizens must use public amenities, regulated by a single malevolent company that profits by charging admission for one of humanity's most basic needs. Amid the people, a hero decides that he's had enough and plans a revolution to lead them all to freedom!
The 39 Steps
By Patrick Barlow (adapted from John Buchan and Alfred Hitchcock)
November 5 - 15, 2020
Directed by Tyler Jeffery Adams
Based on the Alfred Hitchcock classic, this riotous adaptation depicts a man with a boring life meeting a woman with a thick accent who says she's a spy. When he takes her home, she is murdered. Soon, a mysterious organization called "The 39 Steps" is hot on the man's trail in a nationwide manhunt that climaxes in a death-defying finale!
Elf the Musical
Music by Matthew Sklar | Lyrics by Chad Beguelin | Book by Bob Martin and Thomas Meehan
December 2 - 20, 2020
Directed by Mark Mullino | Music direction by Vonda K. Bowling
Based on the cherished 2003 New Line Cinema hit, Elf: The Musical is sure to delight Firehouse audiences of all ages! Buddy, a young orphan, mistakenly crawls into Santa's bag of gifts and is transported to the North Pole. The would-be elf is raised, unaware that he is actually a human until his enormous size and poor toy-making abilities cause him to face the truth. With Santa's permission, Buddy embarks on a journey to New York City to find his birth father and discover his true identity.
For more information and to purchase tickets, visit thefirehousetheatre.com or call the box office at 972-620-3747.


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Article about Black And White Kitchen Runner Rug.
Black And White Kitchen Runner Rug schemes
Cockroaches could probably be regarded as the complete most disgusting creatures you have ever encountered. There is no restrict to what you could do with the garden to supply a Christmas landscape you're positive to remember. In case you have a massive tree then you call for substantial lights on it.
If you choose to get held the party or barbeque you have to have the great kitchen area for it. Today the kitchen is the center of the residence instead of only a area for cooking. A vivid kitchen can motivate you to cook dinner and might even support you awake in the morning.
Decorating a deck wants to be fun. Modern home decor is distinguished by sophistication. Kitchen area decoration is the excellent concept of altering the atmosphere of your property.
For any youngster's bed room, wall decals are really well-known and you will uncover any varieties of superb cartoon scenes alongside with adorable images which will go well with their personal rooms totally. One of numerous quite initial characteristics of marble tiles is that they are really lovely and will definitely insert a lavish visual appeal and come to feel to any kitchen area. You might use a brush, sponge, or probably a little bit of plastic.
Write-up about Black And White Kitchen Runner Rug and decoration design. Nice Black And White Kitchen Runner Rug.


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The Perfect Pair:
Sunglasses from Linda Farrow and Oliver Peoples
Start your summer with a new pair of sunglasses. The exquisitely crafted styles of Linda Farrow and Oliver Peoples are designed to flatter a range of faces and complexions with the help of details such as custom-colored acetate frames, gold-plated titanium accents, and polarized lenses that reduce glare. We've brought together classic shapes and neutral tones with bolder frames and unexpected hues to help you welcome warmer, brighter days with a fresh outlook.


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Restoration work continues at the Princess in Harriman, TN. The complex will include three other buildings adjacent to the Princess. The expanded lobby will also feature a Tennessee Trailhead for visitor information and a museum.
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NOTE: For security reasons - never e-mail APNs Authentication Key Files (.P8). Unauthorized access to APNs Auth Key can leave your app(s) vulnerable. Secure file transferring is preferred.
This guide provides steps for generating the APNs Auth Key. In order to send Push Notifications to your iOS device, you need APNs Push Certificate, or an APNs Auth Key file for your application and upload it to the Responsys Mobile App Developer Console. See Apple's instructions for more information about generating Authentication Key Files.
We recommend that you use an APNs Auth Key for the following reasons:
To configure your app on Responsys Mobile App Developer Console with APNs Auth Key, you require the following:
To create an APNs auth key, follow the steps below.
[1] To begin, visit the Apple Developer Member Center and log in with your credentials.
[2] Click Certificates, Identifiers & Profiles.
[3] Click Keys then the "+" button in the top right corner to create a new key.
[4] Enter a descriptive name for your APNS Auth Key, then select Apple Push Notification Service (APNs).
[5] Click Continue.
[6] Verfiy the information and click Confirm.
[7] Click Download to download your auth key file. Copy and save the Key ID which you'll need later. Note that you can only download the file once. Make sure you save this file properly and create a backup for later. Do not rename the file.
[8] Click on your account name on the top right corner, then select View Account.
[8] Copy and save your Team ID.
[9] In Responsys, navigate to Account > Access Mobile App Developer Console.
[10] Click Edit for the app for which you want to add the authentication key file.
[11] Click Platform > Edit for the iOS Development Platform row.
[12] Select Authentication Key File > Upload file and upload your Authentication Key File (.P8).
[13] Enter your Authentication key file details:
Team ID – Enter your Team ID from Step 8.
Key ID – Enter your Key ID from Step 7.
Bundle ID – Enter your App Bundle ID.
NOTE: The Bundle ID is case sensitive – be sure to input the Bundle ID exactly as it reads in Xcode (see screenshot below on where to find the Bundle ID in Xcode). Furthermore, there are best practices/naming conventions for Bundle IDs as well – Apple recommends using a reverse-domain name style string.


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Follow this tag to curate your own personalized Activity Stream and email alerts.
The sterility of the photos, especially the images of prisoner bedrooms, hints at the degree to which the Stasi kept a tight lid on dissenters. In prison culture (or at least prison culture as it's portrayed in the movies), there's a lot of graffiti: on the walls, in library books, between cells. "We were searching for any scratching or anything in the cells—usually you would think they were sending messages—but it was very clear you couldn't see anything" — wired.com
English photographer Rebecca Litchfield braved radiation and KGB-style interrogation techniques to capture the beauty of this bygone era in a series called Soviet Ghosts.
Her work took her to schools, hospitals, factories, and accidentally, a top secret radar installation. "Many of the abandoned buildings are pretty unknown to the public, they are hidden behind tall fences and gates, I think it is easy to just pass without knowing what is inside," says Litchfield. — wired.com
Buildings perform a variety of functions: They shelter, illuminate, and obscure surrounding people and landscapes. The fundamentally pragmatic purpose of architecture endows edifices with a wide range of functions, but rarely does architecture speak. Curator Joanna Warsza, however, organizes performances and interventions that implore architecture to speak back. — blouinartinfo.com
The new commission for cultural heritage protection, an adviser to the Czech National Heritage Institute (NPÚ) director, has recommended that the state start protecting relatively young works of architecture from the second half of the 20th century [...]
"Unlike the architecture of the interwar Czechoslovakia, the post-war architecture has been omitted by protection programs so far, also because its valuable pieces are more difficult to distinguish." — praguepost.com
The most visible legacy of Communist rule, the grand and often eye-catching buildings have become a source of heated debate in Poland with critics condemning them as an ugly and unwanted reminder of a past best forgotten. Defenders stress their architectural merits and argue that the buildings are now part of the national heritage. — economist.com
Related: Winner of Changing The Face 2013 to revamp Warsaw's saw-toothed Rotunda View full entry
Still, Bezjak hasn't refrained entirely from commenting on the architecture. He developed strict formal guidelines for his series, photographing it all with a large-format camera and always with the same lens. "I photographed everything that fit within this frame -- in terms of the buildings' dimensions, but also in terms of the possibilities for distancing oneself from the building -- and not the rest," he says. — Der Spiegel
The photographer Roman Bezjak spent five years traveling around Eastern Europe taking pictures of communist-era buildings. Born in Slovenia but raised in West Germany, he set out to document the everyday qualities of communist buildings. His book recently published book "Sozialistische Moderne... View full entry
Artist's assistants and wife released but his whereabouts not disclosed by Beijing authorities — guardian.co.uk
See Archinect's feature interview with Ai Weiwei here. View full entry
Current tag:


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Revellers clash with police on the Costa BravaComments
Hundreds of young people clash with police in the popular resort of Lloret de Mar on Spain's Costa Brava.
The confrontation came after revellers were stopped from entering a giant nightclub where the air conditioning had broken down. Police fired into the air to disperse the crowd.
22 people, including 9 police officers, were injured.
Day dawns and the extent of the damage becomes clear.
"I'm fed up now," said a pensioner the next day, "I want to sell my flat and move. It is a shame, because I have lived here for 31 years and I really like it, but I am going to move because I can't stand this."
20 nightclubbers wer detained, the majority of them French. Some are thought to have crossed the border just to visit the nightclub. It is the latest incident in the town, which locals say has become a victim of "booze tourism".


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Wicked Wonders VIP Bling
The Color Guard Yellow Ring
The Color Guard Yellow Ring
Silver chain crisscrosses across the finger with a row of dazzling white rhinestones. A skinny band glazed in the bright and cheerful hue of Buttercup is added to the display for a splash of color. Sold as one individual ring. Lead and Nickel Free.


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Straight glass or tulip or jug but never ever a nonic.
Actually its called Youngs -bitter and still is as far as I know.Ordinary was a slang name and its use was frown on by the legendary John Young
"At that moment I would have given a kingdom, not for champagne or hock and soda, or hot coffee but for a glass of beer" Marquess Curzon of Kedlestone, Viceroy of India.
Having drank all those beers with the exception of North End some great beers there with the Northern Monk Striding Edge the only dull one.


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On today's program "She's the Boss: Moving from Poverty to Empowered," Lilada speaks with Sagashus Levingston, Teran Peterson, Pastor Peter Ahn and Audrey Matimelo.
Sagashus Levingston is currently a PhD candidate at the University of Wisconsin, where she teaches literary studies, and founder of Infamous Mothers. She's used her experience as a Black woman and a mother to drive her passion for changing the narrative of the Black Mother as well as giving a voice to a group of women who continues to be silenced.
Tarin Pederson, 22, as she puts it, doesn't "quite fit the mold as a single mother." She became the primary caregiver of her two siblings after her mother experienced a devastating stroke.
Pastor Peter Ahn is the founding/lead pastor of Metro Community Church in Englewood, New Jersey, and is also the President of Zimele USA, which seeks to confront the root causes of poverty and remove the barriers to self-sufficiency by working with one woman and one community at a time in South Africa.
Audrey Matimelo is a Zambian, currently living in South Africa. She and her and the husband are leading a multi-cultural community church in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Audrey is currently working as the Executive Director for Zimele Wethu Foundation, an organization she co-founded with her work colleague, Xolani Zondi.


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AboutRoberta Murray approaches photography much the same as the Pictorialist photographers of the late 19th century to tell a more personal, interpretative story based more on her dreams and imagination than reality. Murray combines traditional techniques, historical ideas and contemporary tools, using the camera more as a paintbrush than a mechanical device in creating her images. After studying photography in the late 1980s, Roberta abandoned the medium and spent 14 years working in the fibre arts. It is this work which lead her back to photography using textile theories of colour, texture, and depth to create evocative representations of abstract ideas or moods.
You may see more of her work on her website at http://www.uncommondepth.com


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Routledge Corpus Linguistics Guides provide accessible and practical introductions to using corpus linguistic methods in key sub-fields within linguistics. Corpus linguistics is one of the most dynamic and rapidly developing areas in the field of language studies, and use of corpora is an important part of modern linguistic research. Books in this series provide the ideal guide for students and researchers using corpus data for research and study in a variety of subject areas.
This series was co-founded by Ronald Carter (1947-2018).
If you are interested in contributing to this series, please contact the Series Editors, Michael McCarthy and Anne O'Keeffe ([email protected]e).
Pascual Pérez-Paredes
July 31, 2020
Corpus Linguistics for Education provides a practical and comprehensive introduction to the use of corpus research-methods in the field of education. Taking a hands-on approach to showcase the applications of corpora in the exploration of educationally relevant topics, this book: • covers 18 key ...
Claudia Lange, Sven Leuckert
November 27, 2019
Corpus Linguistics for World Englishes offers a detailed account of how to analyse the many fascinating varieties of English around the world using corpus-linguistic methods. Employing case studies for illustration of relevant concepts and methods throughout, this book: introduces the theory and ...
Luke Curtis Collins
March 14, 2019
Corpus Linguistics for Online Communication provides an instructive and practical guide to conducting research using methods in corpus linguistics in studies of various forms of online communication. Offering practical exercises and drawing on original data taken from online interactions, this book...
Christoph Rühlemann
September 25, 2018
Corpus Linguistics for Pragmatics provides a practical and comprehensive introduction to the growing field of corpus pragmatics. Taking a hands-on approach to showcase the applications of corpora in the exploration of core topics within pragmatics, this book: • covers six key areas of ...
Paweł Szudarski
October 10, 2017
Corpus Linguistics for Vocabulary provides a practical introduction to using corpus linguistics in vocabulary studies. Using freely available corpus tools, the author provides a step-by-step guide on how corpora can be used to explore key vocabulary-related research questions and ...
Mikhail Mikhailov, Robert Cooper
May 27, 2016
Corpus Linguistics for Translation and Contrastive Studies provides a clear and practical introduction to using corpora in these fields. Giving special attention to parallel corpora, which are collections of texts in two or more languages, and demonstrating the potential benefits for multilingual ...
Christian Jones, Daniel Waller
April 24, 2015
Corpus Linguistics for Grammar provides an accessible and practical introduction to the use of corpus linguistics to analyse grammar, demonstrating the wider application of corpus data and providing readers with all the skills and information they need to carry out their own corpus-based research. ...
Ivor Timmis
March 27, 2015
Corpus Linguistics for ELT provides a practical guide to undertaking ELT-related corpus research. Aimed at researchers, advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of ELT and TESOL, and English language teachers, this volume: covers corpus research in the main areas of language study ...


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1 Definition of Info
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- n. - A message received and understood
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- Add wasm personality function
- Re-categorize the existing isFuncletEHPersonality() function into two different functions: isFuncletEHPersonality() and isScopedEHPersonality(). This becomes necessary as wasm EH uses scoped EH instructions (catchswitch, catchpad/ret, and cleanuppad/ret) but not outlined funclets.
- Changed some callsites of isFuncletEHPersonality() to isScopedEHPersonality() if they are related to scoped EH IR-level stuff.
Diff Detail
Event Timeline
|30 ↗
|(On Diff #142129)
We might just want to call this 'Wasm', since it will be sort of a hybrid between MSVC (IR) and GNU (library API). Does the personality enum refer to just the personality function itself, or does it describe the scheme more generally?
|80 ↗
|(On Diff #142129)
Generally in this change you've gone from a fairly generic "funclet-based" to a more specific "windows"-related terminology; but of course you aren't doing this for windows; maybe this could be usesCatchpadInstructions or usesCatchpadEH which would be shorter and still generic.
|55 ↗
|(On Diff #142129)
do we actually need to run colorEHFunclets for wasm?
|198 ↗
|(On Diff #142129)
Update the comment too (wasm isn't funclet-based)
|109 ↗
|(On Diff #142129)
update comment.
|553 ↗
|(On Diff #142129)
update comment
|632 ↗
|(On Diff #142129)
|77 ↗
|(On Diff #142129)
error text
|1572 ↗
|(On Diff #142129)
this code is also funclet-related. have you checked that it does what we want?
Before addressing some of the comments, I think I need to clarify things.
Funclets are basically small functions, but they are not treated as separate functions in either LLVM IR or MachineInstr level. They get outlined in AsmPrinter, at the very end of the compilation process, by emitting prolog and epilog code directly in assembly or binary. Targets should implement [[ https://github.com/llvm-mirror/llvm/blob/master/lib/CodeGen/AsmPrinter/AsmPrinterHandler.h#L61-L64 | beginFunclet and endFunclet handlers in AsmPrinterHandler ]] if they want outline them. Windows implements them, but in wasm we can leave them empty, because we don't really want that behavior.
But currently the term 'use funclets', both in function names and comments / error messages, is being used to mean both 'use windows EH IR' and 'use outlined funclets' in the code.
- catchpad and cleanuppad instructions are both categorized as 'funcletpad instructions', and the class [[ https://github.com/llvm-mirror/llvm/blob/f100a5dc31e462f95d93680313d8f166edde8509/include/llvm/IR/InstrTypes.h#L1153-L1212 | FuncletPadInst ]] is a parent of [[ https://github.com/llvm-mirror/llvm/blob/f100a5dc31e462f95d93680313d8f166edde8509/include/llvm/IR/Instructions.h#L4225-L4273 | CatchPadInst ]] and [[ https://github.com/llvm-mirror/llvm/blob/f100a5dc31e462f95d93680313d8f166edde8509/include/llvm/IR/Instructions.h#L4184-L4223 | CleanupPadInst ]].
- Also in many contexts, 'funclet' is used to denote a BB structure that starts from catchpad/cleanuppad and ends with catchret/cleanupret. You can think of it as something like wasm's 'catch' part, with nesting structure.
Currently 'use funclet' can mean either thing in LLVM. But in wasm we only want the IR level behavior but not the outlining behavior. An example of the latter, which deals with the real function outlining, is this code preparing information for LSDA generation for funclets, which we are not gonna use in wasm.
This is the reason why the term funclet is used everywhere, and it is not very clear how to differently name those two behaviors and whether I should fix all comments and error messages mentioning funclets. Can I assume the term 'funclet' only means the real outlined funclet and fix all of them?
cc @majnemer
|30 ↗
|(On Diff #142129)
I named it GNU_*** because the personality function itself is in GNU style, but this enum is used in more broad sense to check the scheme itself throughout the code. Should it be CXX_Wasm or Wasm then? Do you want to drop CXX part too?
|55 ↗
|(On Diff #142129)
Yes, that is called here, and information created by this function is used in WinEHPrepare to clone BBs that belong to multiple funclets. (The cloning is in order to preserve strict scope structure and undo all problematic merges between funclets.)
This is not related to outlining behavior, but I'm not sure if I should change method names like this (there are more), because of the reason I mentioned in the top comment. They use the term 'funclet' here to mean the BB structure starting from catchpad/cleanuppad and ending with catchret/cleanupret.
|1572 ↗
|(On Diff #142129)
Yes. This code is about what to do when we inline functions that contains catchpad or cleanuppad instructions in LLVM IR. So it is not related to real funclet outlining behavior in AsmPrinter I mentioned in the top comment. If we use Windows EH IR, we need this.
As I said above, the term 'funclet' seems to be used pretty everywhere including clang. To summarize its usage,
- Small outlined functions themselves
- Funcletpad instructions, such as catchpad or cleanuppad
- The structure of BBs starting from catchpad/cleanuppad and ending with catchret/cleanupret, which can be nested
- This Windows IR -based EH itself
Now I'm thinking that maybe we should use isFuncletEHPersonality for the use cases here I replaced with usesWindowsEHInstructions, and come up with a new name to give to the use cases that pertain to real outlined small functions.
I think that is probably the most prudent. Really, "funclet" should be renamed to "scope" everywhere but the AsmPrinter, sorry about that...
Right, I guess my point was that to me 'funclet' refers to just the outlined bits of code and therefore wouldn't apply to wasm.
Now I'm thinking that maybe we should use isFuncletEHPersonality for the use cases here I replaced with usesWindowsEHInstructions, and come up with a new name to give to the use cases that pertain to real outlined small functions.
I'm a little confused; this seems backwards to me. (I think that means that I agree with @majnemer that the stuff outside of AsmPrinter where the outlining happens should be renamed). That will hopefully not be too much yak-shaving. I do think it will result in much more understandable code than not doing it though.
Let me clarify. So there are the two options:
- Use 'funclet' to only mean outlined funclet in AsmPrinter
I guess @dschuff endorses this, right? I'm not sure what @majnemer meant. Actually this is what I first tried to do in this patch, but this seems to be a harder way now, because as I said, the term funclet is used to mean a lot of things and being used everywhere including both llvm and clang in all sorts of method names in comments, not only this personality functions.
- Leave the uses of 'funclet' as they are, delete usesWindowsEHInstructions function and change the uses of them back to isFuncletEHPersonality, and create something like usesFuncletLSDA to be used in the cases that only pertain to real outlined funclets. This seems to be less work, because we don't need to change the uses of 'funclet' everywhere...
OK, I think I didn't understand that the term 'funclet' is also used to describe the BB subgraph that will later be outlined (in addition to the blob after outlining). I think if we keep that definition for now (i agree with @majnemer that it's not ideal but let's suppose we don't want to audit every use of the term everywhere right now), then it makes sense to say that Wasm is a 'funclet EH personality' because it uses 'funcletpad' instructions, and then the current uses of isFuncletEHPersonality that aren't relevant to wasm (i.e. the uses that this current version of this CL doesn't touch) could be usesFuncletLSDA or even something directly "windows"-related (usesWindowsLSDA, isWIndowsEHPersonality, etc).
So yeah I guess that's option 2, and I think that's what @majnemer was saying is prudent for now. So we can do that, and then discuss later whether it makes sense to do a more comprehensive renaming.
|65–92 ↗
|(On Diff #142129)
These two functions are _really_ confusing because the usesWindowsEHInstructions returns true for Wasm.
I think the function which returns true for wasm should be called isScopedEHPersonality.
I think anything else really invites confusion.
I renamed usesWindowsEHInstructions to isScopedEHPersonality as @majnemer suggested. But there are still a lot of uses of the term 'funclet' to denote scopes in other function names, local variable names, and comments. I guess we should update all of them together sometime, but that can be a different CL.
LGTM with that final nit fixed.
|36 ↗
|(On Diff #147235)
I think Wasm_CXX is more in keeping with the style of the other enumerators.
Thanks for your patience on this, I really do think this is a big readability improvement.