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At last also Rome has its own cooking class! We have created this spectacular cooking class in collaboration with a well known Roman cooking school. One of our drivers will pick you up at your hotel and take you to meet our Chef who will introduce you to the secrets of pasta making. You will learn how to make fresh pasta with different kinds of sauces using ingredients that you can find overseas so that you can easily reproduce everything at home.
Remember that this is just a basic menu that you will work on, but for particular requests or tastes we can even change the dishes at your own pleasure.
When the lesson finishes, after approximately 3 hours, you will be served the food that you have just prepared. This is probably the first cooking class of its kind and therefore we are proud to be able to offer this service to you, hoping it will be to your liking. Each class averages 15 participants. Service does not include return transfer to your hotel.
- Learn the secrets of pasta making
- Cook and eat your own dish
Complete information including our phone numbers, meeting time and place are included in your confirmation voucher.
Please give your voucher to the driver at the end of the tour. We hand select our drivers and tour guides in order to give you the ultimate experience. We would love to hear from you after your tour is completed.
Your feedback is very important to us so please Send email
- This tour includes an English-speaking driver who will accompany you to the cooking school.
- English speaking driver
- One way private transfer to the cooking school
- Cooking lesson in English
- Tips to driver and guide ( please read below for more information)
- Return transfer to your hotel
Tips are never included in our quotes.
I think that a tip shouldn't be included in the rate otherwise it would be a tax.
Tip only if you really liked the service.
Tips are a personal gesture and are given whenever the client feels it is necessary.
Tips are generally: 10% not bad - 15 % great - 20 % best tour in my life. Please report any abuse.
The tour is private, just for your party.
Yes, at the end of the cooking class you will be served the dishes that you have cooked.
During this class you will learn how to make fresh pasta with different kinds of sauces. If you suffer from food allergies/ intolerances, please advise us when you make the booking so that we can inform the cook and choose the ingredients accordingly.
Our driver will pick you up at your hotel and drop you off at the location of your class. The return transfer is not included.
The duration of the class is 3.5/4 hours including the one-way transfer.
Tips are never included in our quotes .We think that a tip shouldn't be included in the rate otherwise it would be a tax!!! Once in Italy do not feel as though you have to tip everyone because someone told you to. Tip only if you really liked the service. Tips are generally: 10% not bad 15 % great 20 % best tour in my life. Please report any abuse.
In Associazione con Agenzia di Viaggio e Turismo Driver & Tours di Driverinrome Societa' Cooperativa a R.L.
Licenza rilasciata dalla Provincia di Roma Numero 32888/15. Partita Iva 13627291001
Assicurazione Allianz Polizza Numero 198630 E-mail: email@example.com - www.driverandtours.it
Tel. (+39) 066244373 - US number (315) 544-0496 - Whatsapp: (0039)392 4468283


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Analytics of petrochemical markets
Our Clients
(plastemart) -- Market players report some improvement
in domestic polymer demand in India at the start of March.Domestic
producers opened the month with some increases for PP and PE and these increases
did not prevent distributors from reporting an increased number of buying
inquiries. PVC continues to be stable. In the PVC market, domestic producers
elected not to change their prices at the start of March after producers had
achieved some increases in the month of February."We elected to purchase
some domestic PVC k67 as we found domestic materials to be more competitively
priced when compared with the prevailing offer levels in the import market," as
per a PVC pipe manufacturer. "We are seeing better demand for our end products
today and we believe that demand will remain strong over the next few weeks. We
are building some stocks these days and making most of our purchases from the
Domestic PP producers opened the month of March with further increases following
the significant increases implemented by producers over February."

subset: commoncrawl


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You really have to ask why Conservatives have guns? Because Liberals block freeways, burn cities, throw Molotov cocktails, loot, turn over cop cars, and think this behavior is Socially Acceptable.
--unknown, memed by user "KeepnitReel" at Northwest Firearms
The NRA: Fighting Democratic Party terrorists with military-style assault weapons since 1871. LIFE MEMBER
Not employed or sponsored by any manufacturer, distributor or retailer.
You know what I like best about most people?
Their dogs.


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Lee Travel has announced an exclusive agreement with Royal Caribbean International to work together to invite holidaymakers to board Europe's largest cruise ship, Independence of the Seas, for cruises direct from Ireland for the very first time.
The deal will enable 200 guests that book with Lee Travel to board the ship at Ireland's only dedicated cruise berth in Cobh, Co Cork and join the ship's other guests for a choice of two 12-day Norwegian cruises, on either 3rd June or 9th September 2013.
The Norwegian cruises will take in scenic fjords, narrow glacial inlets, castles, the Norwegian countryside and the capital city of Oslo. Guests will be among the first to enjoy all-new features recently added to Independence of the Seas as part of a fleetwide US$300 million makeover programme. New restaurants, bars, outdoor movie screens, shipwide wi-fi and a new nursery will join the ship's many attractions that include three pools, six whirlpools, eight restaurants, a spa and fitness centre, as well as innovative and family-friendly features including a rock climbing wall, a Flowrider surf simulator, a H2O waterpark, ice skating rink and 1,320-seater theatre and the Adventure Ocean kids and teen clubs.
Declan O'Connell, Managing Director of Lee Travel, said: "We are all very excited in Lee Travel to be the first Irish company to have secured the agreement with Royal Caribbean International to embark passengers in Cobh. There is a demand for such a service from Cork and we are confident that these cruises will be very popular and that Royal Caribbean will sail more ships out of Cobh for many years to come.
"Our dedicated cruise team, who have almost 40 years' experience, are available to speak about everything these cruises have to offer to existing and new cruise fans to ensure it truly is a memorable holiday."
Lorraine Quinn, Head of Sales Ireland, Royal Caribbean International, said: "We are delighted to partner with Lee Travel to launch Royal Caribbean International's first ever cruise from Ireland. Guests can look forward to the characteristic welcome and service, excellent dining and innovative family-friendly facilities with a choice of accommodation options that have kept Irish guests coming back time and again."
Captain Michael McCarthy, Commercial Manager, Port of Cork, added: "We are looking forward to working with Royal Caribbean International and Lee Travel on this new concept of 'inter-porting'. Royal Caribbean have been a long time partner here in the port and are increasing their number of calls from three in 2012 to 12 in 2013. We regularly meet with the cruise lines on a one-to-one basis to show them the huge diversity of shore excursions that we can offer and to position Cork as a gateway for the south of Ireland. Our current berth in Cobh can take the largest vessels with regular calls from RCCL vessels 'Independence of the Seas' and 'Celebrity Eclipse'."
The Norwegian Fjords Cruise is exclusive to Lee Travel, with prices from €1,699pp (based on two adults sharing an inside stateroom). The fly/cruise price includes flights back to Dublin/Cork with transfers and checked baggage allowance; a 12-night cruise departing from Cobh on 3rd June or 9th September 2013 and calling at Olden, Norway; Alesund, Norway; Flam, Stavanger, Kristiansand, and Oslo in Norway and Bruges (Zeebrugge), Belgium, before ending in Southampton, England; meals and entertainment onboard and all relevant cruise taxes/fees.


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Teaching is an interesting and rewarding profession, one where you will use your enthusiasm and talents to really make a difference. This qualification will equip you to teach in the post 14 Further Education (FE) and Skills sector, which includes FE colleges, sixth forms, adult and community learning, the NHS, offender learning, the Police service and in private sector training organisations.
The Certificate in Education (Education and Training) is a nationally recognised qualification for teachers, trainers and tutors in the FE and Skills sector and the UCLan Teacher Education Partnership offers you the exciting opportunity to study at one of a range of Colleges across the North West region. This will give you the opportunity to specialise in your chosen field as you train to be a teacher. This teaching qualification will not confer Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) , however, there are opportunities to work in secondary schools, including academies and free schools after completing this Certificate in Education, especially so if you complete professional formation and gain Qualified Teacher, Learning and Skills (QTLS) status. This qualification is suitable for those who are already teaching (in-service) as well as those who are new to teaching.
You will be introduced to classroom fundamentals and important theories about teaching and learning. Your tutors will model inspirational teaching practice that you can use in your own teaching.
You will learn about teaching and learning strategies, with a focus on developing your practical and academic skills through reflective practice. Your teaching placement is an essential feature of the programme and you will work closely with your course tutor and subject specialist mentor both of whom will observe you teaching and help you to develop your practice and skills.
The Further Education and Skills sector offers a broad range of subjects. You must hold a qualification at level 3 or higher in the subject that you want to teach, and you must be willing to develop your subject specialist skills and knowledge, ideally having work experience to support your subject specialist qualification(s).
Full Time: 1 Year, Part Time: 2 Years
Partner Institution
Cert Ed
Please contact the partner institution for information about fees
The course is comprised of 6 modules that will prepare you for a career in teaching in the exciting and ever evolving Further Education and Skills Sector. The course will introduce you to planning and principles of learning together with methods of teaching, learning and assessment. You will also learn about the underpinning educational theory to support your teaching practice and professional development as well as looking at wider perspectives in the Further Education and Skills sector and carrying out your own action research project.
Your teaching placement is a central feature of the course. You are required to teach for a minimum of 150 hours of teaching over the period of the course. On the part time course this is split into 75 hours for each of the 2 years.
Whilst on the course you will be supported by the course tutors and by a subject specialist mentor, both of whom will observe you teaching and work closely with you to develop your practice and skills. Your subject specialist mentor will also provide valuable guidance in the teaching of your curriculum subject.
If you are not already employed as a teacher, colleges may be able to help with finding you a placement but this is not always guaranteed. You may need to take responsibility for finding a suitable placement for your teaching experience.
As part of the last Ofsted inspection of this provision in 2015 Ofsted said "The quality of the training across the partnership is consistently good, with examples of outstanding provision."
Your course is assessed through a combination of a professional teaching practice portfolio and assignment work. You will be assessed throughout the course, with no final examination. In addition to these formal assessments, you need to demonstrate professionalism at all times, meeting the Education and Training Foundation Professional Standards.
A wide range of teaching opportunities exist across the Further Education and Skills sector, in organisations including further education colleges, sixth forms, adult and community learning, the National Health Service, the prison service, the police service and in private sector training organisations.
The Certificate in Education course at UCLan is for those wishing to teach primarily in the Further Education and Skills sectors. Whilst this is not a specific school teaching qualification there are now employment opportunities in some schools, particularly for teachers of vocational subjects.
On successful completion of the course you can apply for QTLS status through the Education and Training Foundation which will enable you to be employed as a qualified teacher in a secondary school, academy or free school.
A wide range of teaching opportunities exist across the Further Education and Skills sector. 69% of our July 2017 graduates are now employed in the sector. The national benchmark for graduates employed in the sector after completing their qualification is 60%.
If you would like to progress to a higher level course after completing your Certificate in Education you may wish to consider the Post Graduate Certificate in Professional Practice in Education, which can lead to the Post Graduate Diploma in Professional Practice in Education, the Masters in Professional Practice in Education and/or a Doctorate in Education – all of which are available at UCLan.
Please apply directly to the college(s) of your choice, using the special application form they will send you. The contact details for each college can be found on the right under 'Partner Institutions'.
If you find that the Certificate in Education isn't for you, you might want to consider one of UCLan's other Initial Teacher Education courses including :
The Learning and Skills Teacher Apprenticeship is also available in some UCLan partner colleges.
The UCLan partnership network offers higher education courses in 22 Partner Institutions, allowing students to study locally for their HE award. Partner students are able to take advantage of a wide-range of University facilities as well as accessing the facilities available at the Partner Institution.
Many of the courses run in partner institutions provide the opportunity to 'Move On' or progress to UCLan to complete a programme or to study for a higher qualification.
The full list of modules indicated on this course page are for information purposes only. Certain modules may not be delivered every year and delivery might be dependent on the number of students selecting a given module. When accepting your offer of a place to study on this course, you are accepting that it is possible that not all of these module options will be available. At (or before) the start of each academic year, you will have an opportunity to discuss your course and preferred module options with your tutor. The University will then do all it reasonably can to ensure that you are able to undertake your preferred module options.
This course is delivered at the following partner institution(s):
You can study full time at the following colleges: Blackburn, Carlisle, Runshaw, Wigan & Leigh and Wirral Metropolitan.
All of the partner colleges, with the exception of Runshaw College, offer the course on a part time basis.
Comments from trainee teachers in various colleges
About class sessions
"Behavioural management discussion within the peer group is really helpful. We are all at the same level, so we can discuss each other's ideas."
"The lessons about information technology and resources have really developed my practice, using iPads, Nintendo DS, mobile technology, even in traditional A level classes."
"Our taught sessions are fun and active."
"Classes are always stimulating and challenging."
"Tutors are really positive and have strong subject knowledge."
"We get ideas for different teaching approaches and resources and feel our tutors model best practice."
"It's good to have been able to share experiences in class with other trainee teachers who teach different subjects in different placements."
About teaching
"Teaching observations have been the most constructive and useful I've ever had."
"Action planning and creating personal goals after the observations are very helpful."
"The fact that we are teaching every week is very good, not teaching in blocks."
"I'm incorporating greater differentiation now, and more inclusion."
"Through delivering a lesson, my subject knowledge is stronger now. I understand my subject more and I have a wider perspective."
"Training classes and placement "feed into each other".
"I've learned so much in one year - it physically helps me to do the job – I can pick up the strategy and use it in my lessons."
"I've got lots of new and useful ideas about embedding maths and English skills – from the course, my peers and my mentor."
"I feel the course is preparing me well to be a teacher."
About support
"Great moral support and reassurance from the tutor, who is always approachable."
"I believe that throughout the course I have made a journey which has definitely helped me develop as a better teacher and has enriched my learning and teaching."
"If we feel a bit down, they pick us up and we wouldn't have made it to now without them."
"My confidence and self-esteem have rocketed."


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Our Group organises 3000+ Global Conferenceseries Events every year across USA, Europe & Asia with support from 1000 more scientific societies and Publishes 700+ Open Access Journals which contains over 50000 eminent personalities, reputed scientists as editorial board members.
A Stirling engine is a heat engine operating by cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas, the working fluid, at different temperature levels such that there is a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work. Like the steam engine, the Stirling engine is traditionally classified as an external combustion engine, as all heat transfers from the working fluid, combustion takes place through the engine wall. This contrasts with an internal combustion engine where heat input is by combustion of a fuel within the body of the working fluid. Unlike a steam engine's (or more generally a Rankine cycle engine's) usage of a working fluid in both its liquid and gaseous phases, the Stirling engine encloses a fixed quantity of permanently gaseous fluid such as air...... Read more


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A new animated television series entitled, Royalty is set to launch soon and is inspired by Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's union.
Royalty is about a royal family's dynasty whose foundation is built on love, compassion, friendship, harmony, humanitarian services and more. The kindness and grace exuded by fictitious characters Prince Andrew and Princess Caroline are reflected in the humanity of the children throughout each heart-warming episodes.
Of the new series, creator Melanie Greene said: "As the creator I was inspired to produce elements that would belong to 2019 future, creating a stylish reality that was based on a familiar style from our real world; simplified purposefully, boiling down elements to their essence. The results are a welcoming environment that is intriguing, something we have never had in animation."
"Perhaps the greatest lesson that the Royaltyanimation series holds is the idea that one should 'keep moving forward,' Greene adds.
"it's something that I hope the audience will take away each week in there hearts, especially the kids, to help stay motivated, inspired, no matter what challenges life may present."
The series will also be accompanied by more than 25 adorable and exciting children's books. The animation characters was loosely based upon their Little Melaniechildren's book series and kids entertainment franchise, which owns 250 well-written children books.
The Little Melanie characters were illustrated for the book series franchise more than 5 years ago. However it was Harry and Meghan's love story that captured the creator's hearts in creating this diverse fairytale for children all over the world.
Royalty is now in pre-production and will be coming to television screens soon.
Source: Voiceonline


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Catharanthus roseus – Periwinkle – Ajaytao
Common name: Periwinkle, Madagascar rosy periwinkle, Vinca, Cape periwinkle, Rose periwinkle, Rosy periwinkle, Old-maid, Boa-noite ("good night") and Maria-sem-vergonha ("Shameless Maria", name shared with Impatiens and Thunbergia alata) in Portuguese (American), Vinca-de-madagáscar, Vinca-de-gato ("cats' vinca"), Vinca-branca (white vinca), Vinca or boa-noite in Portuguese (European), Vinca del Cabo, Vinca rosa ("pink vinca") or Vinca rosada ("roseous vinca") in Spanish, putica ("little whore") in Venezuela.
Hindi: Sadabahar सदाबहार • Malayalam: Shavam Naari • Marathi: सदाफूली Sadaphuli • Bengali: নযনতাৰা Nayantara
Botanical name: Catharanthus roseus
Family: Apocynaceae (oleander family)
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Genus: Catharanthus
Species: C. roseus
Synonyms: Vinca rosea, Lochnera rosea, Ammocallis rosea
Catharanthus roseus is an evergreen subshrub or herbaceous plant. Catharanthus roseus is a fleshy perennial growing to 32 in (80 cm) high. It has glossy, dark green, oval leaves (1-2 inches long) and flowers all summer long. The blooms of the natural wild plants are a pale pink with a purple "eye" in their centers.
Erect or decumbent suffrutex, to 1 m, usually with white latex. Stems green, often suffused with purple or red. Leaves decussate, petiolate; lamina variable, elliptic, obovate or narrowly obovate; apex mucronate. Flowers 4-5 cm, showy, white or pink, with a purple, red, pale yellow or white centre. Follicle 1.2-3.8 × 0.2-0.3 cm, dehiscent on the adaxial side. Seeds 1-2 mm, numerous, grooved on one side.
In the wild, it is an endangered plant; the main cause of decline is habitat destruction by slash and burn agriculture. It is also however widely cultivated and is naturalised in subtropical and tropical areas of the world.
Periwinkle is a happy-go-lucky small shrub. It cares not for the world. It rejoices in sun or rain, or the seaside, in good or indifferent soil and often grows wild. It is known as 'Sadabahar' meaning 'always in bloom' and is used for worship. Numerous soft-wood branches from the ground, give it an appearance of fullness. Closely planted it can have an impressive effect with its various colours. This is one flower which can be found all over India. Lots of cultivars have been developed with various colors, from red to white, Apricot Cooler Improved, Aztec Pink Magic, Blue Pearl, Cooler Icy Pink, Cooler Orchid, Cooler Peppermint, Experimental Dee
Catharanthus roseus is native to the Indian Ocean island of Madagascar. This herb is now common in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including the southern United States, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands.
As an ornamental plant, it is appreciated for its hardiness in dry and nutritionally deficient conditions, popular in subtropical gardens where temperatures never fall below 5 °C to 7 °C, and as a warm-season bedding plant in temperate gardens. It is noted for its long flowering period, throughout the year in tropical conditions, and from spring to late autumn, in warm temperate climates. Full sun and well-drained soil are preferred. Numerous cultivars have been selected, for variation in flower colour (white, mauve, peach, scarlet and reddish-orange), and also for tolerance of cooler growing conditions in temperate regions. Notable cultivars include 'Albus' (white flowers), 'Grape Cooler' (rose-pink; cool-tolerant), the Ocellatus Group (various colours), and 'Peppermint Cooler' (white with a red centre; cool-tolerant).
Medicinal uses:
Long before modern researcher learned of the plant's valuable and varied properties, people in faraway places were using the Madagascar periwinkle for a host of medicinal purposes.
In India, they treated wasp sting with the juice from the leaves.In Hawai'i they prescribed an extract of the boiled plant to arrest bleeding.
In Central America and parts of South America, they made a gargle to ease soar throats and chest ailments and laryngitis.
In Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica and other islands, an extract of the flower was commonly administered as an eyewash for the eyes of infants.
In Africa, leaves are used for menorrhagia and rheumatism.
Surinamese boil ten leaves and ten flowers together for diabetes.
Bahamians take flower decoction for asthma and flatulence, and the entire plant for tuberculosis.
In Mauritius, the leaves infusion s given for dyspepsia and indigestion.
In Vietnam it is taken for diabetes and malaria.
Curacao and Bermuda natives take the plant for high blood pressure.
Indochinese use the stalks and leaves for dysmenorrhea.
The species has long been cultivated for herbal medicine and as an ornamental plant. In Ayurveda (Indian traditional medicine) the extracts of its roots and shoots, though poisonous, is used against several diseases. In traditional Chinese medicine, extracts from it have been used against numerous diseases, including diabetes, malaria, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. The substances vinblastine and vincristine extracted from the plant are used in the treatment of leukemia and Hodgkin's lymphoma.
This conflict between historical indigenous use, and recent patents on C.roseus-derived drugs by western pharmaceutical companies, without compensation, has led to accusations of biopiracy.
Researchers investigating its medicinal properties discovered that it contained a group of alkaloids that, though extremely toxic, had potential uses in cancer treatment. Two of these alkaloids, vincristine and vinblastine, can be used in purified form to treat common types of leukemia and lymphoma. The discovery of vincristine is credited with raising the survival rate of childhood leukemia from under 10% to over 90%. Thousands of children's lives have therefore been saved by an extract of this humble garden plant.
Scientific Research:
Few plants have generated as much recent interest among scientist and medical communities as the Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus .
The interest began in the mid-1950's, when researchers, hearing of a "periwinkle tea" that was drunk in Jamaica, began to study the plant for its reported antidiabetic properties.
Extracts of entire dried plant contain many alkaloids of medicinal use. The principal alkaloid is vinblastine, or vincaleukoblastine (vinblastine sulfate), sold as Velban. The alkaloid has growth inhibition effects in certain human tumors. Vinblastine is used experimentally for treatment of neoplasms, and is recommended for generalized Hodgkin's disease and resistant choricarcinoma. Another pharmacologically important alkaloid is vincristine sulfate or vincristine, sold as Oncovin. Vincristine is used in treatment of leukemia in children.
Using vinblastine and vincristine in combination chemotherapy has resulted in 80% remission in Hodgkin's disease, 99% remission in acute lymphocitic leukemia, 80% remission in Wilm's tumor, 70% remission in gestational choricarcinoma, and 50% remission in Burkitt's lymphoma.
There are over 70 other alkaloid that have been isolated from the plant in addition to vinblastine and vincristine. Synthetic vincristine, used to treat leukemia, is only 20% as effective as the natural product derived from Catharanthus roseus. Further research is needed especially on bioactive compounds, means of preparation, and effectiveness of plants and herbal remedies.
C. roseus is used in plant pathology as an experimental host for phytoplasmas. This is because it is easy to infect with a large majority of phytoplasmas, and also often has very distinctive symptoms such as phyllody and significantly reduced leaf size.
This plant has poison characteristics.
It can be dangerous if consumed orally or inhaled. All parts of the plant are poisonous. Symptoms: Hallucinations. It can be extremely toxic, and is cited (under its synonym Vinca rosea) in Louisiana State Act 159.
Ajaytao Photography


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Valve control unit and system for use therewith
A valve control unit for use in a valve control system of the type wherein a plurality of valves each mounting a valve control unit are controlled by a remote controller and only a single electrical cable runs from the controller. Each control unit is adapted to transmit data as to the position of its valve and to receive data as to the desired position of its valve. The valve control unit comprises electronic circuit means for communicating with the controller, and first and second sensors. The first sensor provides a signal to the circuit means when the valve is in a first predetermined position. The second sensor provides a signal to the circuit means when the valve is in a second predetermined position. The electronic circuit means is adapted to report to the controller the condition of each of the sensors.
Latest Cherry-Burrell Patents:
The invention relates to a control unit for operating valves and the like and, more specifically, to a valve control unit operated by a controller such as a computer and adapted to report the position of the controlled valve to the controller.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Plants which handle liquids, such as breweries, dairies and soft drink producers, use pipe networks to transfer various liquids between locations. There is a need to stop or change the various liquid flows for mixing, cleaning or other reasons. This is often accomplished by the use of many switching valves disposed at strategic locations in the pipe networks. For example, a modern brewery might utilize numerous switching valves operated by a remote controller located, for example, in a control room.
Such valves typically are operated by a valve control unit which activates a solenoid for supplying air to a pneumatic cylinder, the ram of which directly switches the valve. It is common practice to hardwire each valve control unit to the controller. This requires the use of a great deal of material in terms of wire and conduit, and a large amount of skilled labor is required to complete the installation. Moreover, revisions and additions result in significant system downtimes and are also expensive in terms of labor and material.
A recently proposed valve control system uses valve control units carried by the air cylinder mounted on each valve. The various valve control units are connected by a common cable to the controller and the cable includes two conductors for transmitting a D.C. voltage superimposed on which is a modulated carrier frequency containing date from the controller for synchronization and valve switching while the valve control units supply data as to the condition of a contact at the valve control unit which is intended to represent the position of the valves. This is a type of frequency shift coding and is somewhat subject to interference which could cause unintended and erroneous valve operation. Furthermore, each valve control unit is required to include electronic circuitry for separating the D.C. voltage, for power, and the modulated carrier frequency for use with encoders, decoders and synchronizers. Reference may be made to U.S. Pat. No. 4,217,647 for a further description of the structure and operation of this system.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Among the several objects of the present invention may be noted the provision of an improved valve control unit and system for switching the position of a valve in a pipe network; the provision of such valve control unit and system which permits low cost installation, because less material and labor is required, and which permits fast and inexpensive system revision and additions; the provision of such valve control unit and system which is fast in operation and reports valve malfunction to a controller; the provision of such valve control unit and system which is relatively free of susceptibility to electrical interference which interference could result in erroneous or unintended valve operation; the provision of such valve control unit and system which can accommodate a great number of valves located at a relatively long distance from the controller; the provision of such valve control unit and system which directly monitors both the open and the closed position of each valve; and the provision of such valve control unit and system which is reliable in operation, has long service life and is simple and economical to manufacture. Other objects and advantages will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter in the specification and attached claims.
Briefly, the valve control unit of the present invention includes electronic circuit means for communicating with a controller. The unit further includes a first sensor at a monitored valve for providing a signal to the circuit means when the valve is in its first predetermined, e.g., open position. A second sensor is provided for signaling to the circuit means when the valve being monitored is in its second predetermined, e.g., closed position. The electronic circuit means is adapted to report to the controller the conditions of each of the sensors.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a simplified diagrammatic layout of a plurality of valves each carrying a valve control unit of the present invention with the units operated by a controller positioned remote from the valves;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram representative of one of the valve control units of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of one of the valve units of FIG. 1 with certain components removed;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a pneumatic cylinder for attachment to the valve, the operation of the cylinder being controlled by a valve control unit of the present invention carried by the cylinder;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken generally along line 5--5 of FIG. 4 showing position sensor means of the valve control unit;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken generally along line 6--6 of FIG. 4 further illustrating the sensor means; and
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of electrical and electronic components included in the valve control unit of the present invention; and
FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 are together a flow chart of a program for use with the valve control unit of the present invention.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding components throughout the several views of the drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SOFTWARE
At the end of the specification is set forth a program, in machine language and of which FIGS. 8-10 are a flow chart, of the contents of a memory of a microprocessor included in the valve control unit of the present invention.DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings, a valve control unit for operating a valve in accordance with instructions from a controller 34 and for reporting the position of its valve to the controller, is generally indicated by reference character 20. A valve control system incorporating valve control units 20 is shown in FIG. 1. Each unit 20 is carried by a pneumatic cylinder 22 which in turn is mounted upon the valve 24 which it shifts to control the valve. The various valve control units are all interconnected with a single cable 26 running from controller 34 located, for example, in a control room remote from the pipe network in which the valves are installed. The cable 26 is shielded and includes a pair of A.C. voltage power conductors L1, L2 and a trio of signal conductors 28, 30, 32 for carrying digital signals. Conductor 28 carries a synchronization signal while conductor 30 carries a "B" signal for reporting to the controller the status of each of the valves 24. Finally, conductor 32 carries an "A" signal emanating from the controller including intelligence directing the switching of the various valves. The cable may also include a common ground conductor 35 for all signal conductors, or the cable could include a separate ground conductor for each signal conductor.
The controller 34 preferably includes a computer, a master control unit 36 for providing a synchronization signal to maintain overall control timing and a transmitter/receiver unit 38 or input/output device for facilitating movement of the input/output data to the various valve control units. The controller 34 may also include a display panel or annunicator system (not shown) for displaying valve position and warning the attendant of malfunction. The master control unit 36 and the transmitter/receiver unit 38 are of the type commercially available from Control Junctions, Inc. of Schaumburg, Illinois. Furthermore, the control system and apparatus using time division multiplexing for generating a sychronization signal and a common signal are fully shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,156,112, assigned to Control Junctions, Inc., the teachings of which are herein incorporated by reference.
By way of overview, each communication cycle established by the master control unit 36 is divided into a predetermined number of channels, e.g., 256, with each cycle divided into a first half and a second half marked by synchronization pulses from unit 36. Each valve control unit 20 is assigned a different adjacent pair of time channels; accordingly, this particular system can accommodate up to 128 valve control units. A high voltage or "1" in the first channel half followed by a low voltage or "0" in the second channel half is interpreted as an activation signal while "0" followed by a "1" is recognized as a deactivation signal. During the time interval provided by the first of the two channels associated with a particular valve control unit, the valve control unit transmits over the "B" signal conductor 30 telling the controller the status of one of a pair of valve position sensors while concurrently the controller effects a transmission over the "A" signal conductor 32 instructing the valve control unit the position in which the valve should be. During the time interval provided by the second channel associated with the particular valve control unit, data is transmitted from the valve control unit to the controller over the "B" line, informing the controller of the status of a second of a pair of valve position sensors. The controller does not send signals over the "A" line during the second time channel.
The communication cycle commences with an absence of pulses of two clock channel duration on the synchronization signal conductor 28. This cues each valve control unit that a communication cycle is commencing and to start counting time channels with the next synchronization pulse. Upon arrival of its assigned time channels, the particular valve control unit 20 is enabled to communicate with the controller 34.
For example, the valve control unit under consideration is assigned time channels 200 and 201. The controlled valve is deactivated causing the valve control unit 20 to generate the "0", "1" sequence. The controller determines that the valve should be activated and generates the "1", "0" sequence. When the synchronization signal conductor 28 has a period of two clock cycles with no pulses, each valve control unit is cued to reset and start counting. When time channel 200 arrives, the valve control unit is enabled to send data on the valve position over the "B" signal conductor, and receives instructions on the "A" signal conductor. During channel 200, the valve control unit transmits the "0", "1" sequence on the "B" signal conductor informing the controller that the first position sensor detects the valve is closed, and receives the "1", "0" sequence on the "A" signal conductor, being commanded to activate the valve. In channel 201, the valve control unit transmits the "0", " 1" sequence indicating that the second position detector has also detected that the valve is closed. Of course, the valve switching is not instantaneous, and movement has not begun upon the arrival of channel 201.
Referring to FIG. 4, pneumatic cylinder 22 includes a housing 40 defining a piston chamber 42 slidably holding a piston 44 having a rod 46 with a threaded end extending through a lower end wall 48 into a connection chamber 50. The chamber 50 is for reception of an operating stem (not shown) of a valve 24 for attachment of the internally threaded rod end. Extending oppositely from the piston rod 46 is an actuator rod 52 protruding slidably through an upper end wall 54 for indicating the piston position, and thus, the valve position. The rod 52 is attached to the piston by means of a retainer cup 56 holding an enlarged head 58 of the rod with the rod stem 60 extending through an opening in the cup of greater diameter than that of the stem. A compression spring 62 is disposed between the rod head and the piston body to secure the position of the rod while permitting alignment during assembly and operation.
The housing 40 also encloses a large compression spring 64, for working against upper end wall 54 and the piston 44, for biasing piston rod 46 to an extended position causing the valve to impede fluid flow through the valve. The lower end wall 48 has a port 66 for entrance of pressurized air. In the interest of brevity, pneumatic switching valves, the air supply and air supply connections and hardware are not fully shown as those are well known to those skilled in the art. Suffice it to say that application of pressurized air to piston chamber 42 through port 66 causes the piston rod 46 to move to a retracted position opening the valve 24 to fluid flow. The application of air also causes actuator rod 52 to extend through a base plate 68 attached to wall 54, a valve control unit mounting bracket 70 fastened to base plate 68, a valve control unit cover 72 held by the mounting bracket, and into a transparent indicator tube 73 for permitting visual observation of the position of the valve 24. On the other hand, exhaustion of port 66 results in the piston rod extending, under the bias of return spring 64, to close the valve 24. Also it causes the actuator rod 52 to retract.
Besides mounting its valve control unit 20, the base plate 68 also supports a junction box 74 through which cable 26 passes. The junction box 74 encloses an external connection board 76 while mounted on base plate 68 in an internal connection board 78, with the boards 76, 78 interconnecting the cable 26 with the electrical and electronic components (which will be described more fully hereinafter) of the valve control unit 20. The valve control unit mounting bracket 70 supports a solenoid valve 80 (shown in FIGS. 3, 5 and 6) for switching the exhaustion/pressurization of cylinder 22, and electrical/electronic component mounting board 82 and a valve position sensor mounting board 84.
Adjustably attached at spaced positions on actuator rod 52 by means of collars 86, 88 are a pair of flags 90, 92. Each flag is bifurcated, including a pair of parallel guide legs 94 bridged by an interrupter 96 (as shown in FIG. 6) for blocking the radiation flow of an optionally coupled sensing device. More specifically, sensor mounting board 84 carries an upper optically coupled switch OS1 for providing data for transmission to the controller during the first time channel of the two time channels assigned to the particular valve control unit under consideration, on the "B" signal conductor 30, and a lower optically coupled switch OS2 for providing data for transmission to the controller during the second of the two time channels on the "B" signal conductor. They thus cooperate with the flags to indicate the position of actuator rod 52 (and thus indicate whether the valve is open or closed), as best shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. Each switch is identical so only switch OS1 need be described. It includes a light emitting diode LED1 for providing infrared radiation, and a phototransistor T1 spaced therefrom which is responsive to the impingement of radiation on its base to render conductive its collector-emitter circuit. Each flag interrupter 96 is movable between the diode and the transistor of its switch, and the collars 86, 88 and switches OS1, OS2 are positioned so that when the interrupter flag 90 is disposed between the components of switch OS1, the valve 24 is open while when the interrupter of lower flag 92 is between the components of switch OS2 (as shown in FIG. 6), the valve 24 is closed.
The electrical/electronic components included in each valve control unit 20 are best shown in FIG. 7. Power leads L1, L2 are connected to the input of a center-tapped, step down transformer TR the output of which is rectified by a full wave bridge rectifier BR with a capacitor C1 connected across the output of the rectifier and acting as a filter to reduce D.C. ripple. The output thus provided is a nominal 18 volts D.C. for power usage. Interconnected with the transformer center tap and the grounded output of the rectifier are a ripple reduction capacitor C4 and the input of a voltage regulator VR for providing a regulated 5 volts D.C. output (VCC) for a control voltage for the electronic components. A voltage stabilization capacitor C2 is connected across the voltage regulator output and the negative output of the rectifier is grounded by virtue of its connection to common ground conductor 35 of cable 26. The transformer TR, rectifier BR, voltage regulator VR and associated capacitors can be considered to constitute a power supply for the valve control unit.
The heart of the valve control unit is a microprocessor M which includes encoder means, decoder means, memory, logic and clock means. Such a microprocessor is part number 8748 manufactured by Intel Corp., Santa Clara, Calif. This microprocessor includes a programmable read only memory (PROM) which is programmable to cause the microprocessor to respond to various sensors, switches and other inputs as will be described below. Connected to the microprocessor are the output of the voltage regulator and a crystal XTAL to establish, for example, a six megahertz clock rate for the microprocessor. Ports 20 and 22 are connected to ground through the collector-emitter circuits of the transistors of optically coupled switches OS1, OS2, respectively. The light emitting diode of each switch OS1, OS2 is connected from +18 volts D.C. to ground in series with a current limiting resistor R7, R8, respectively.
A dual in-line package (DIP) switch module SW1 has its eight outputs connected to a like number of ports of microprocessor M. Switch module SW1 comprises eight single pole, single throw switches, the inputs of which are grounded. Seven of the eight switches are used to fix the identity of the valve control unit with respect to its assigned channels in the communication cycle provided by master control unit 36. The position of the eighth switch identifies to the microprocessor that state that valve 24 is to go into if there is a signal line malfunction.
Interconnected with microprocessor M is a quad voltage comparator 98 comprising comparators COMP 1 through COMP 4. More specifically, a port DB3 of the microprocessor is connected to the negative input of COMP 1 while the positive input thereof (as well as the positive input of COMP 2) is commonly connected to VCC though a current limiting resistor R4 and to ground through serially connected diodes D3 and D2. The diodes provide a voltage drop so that the reference voltage at the positive input of COMP 1 and that of COMP 2 is about +1 volt D.C. The output of COMP 1 controls switching of a transistor T2, the collector-emitter circuit of which connects to ground from the +18 volts D.C. power voltage the parallel combination of the coil 100 of the solenoid valve 80 in series with resistor R6 and the series combination of a light emitting diode LED2 (for providing visual indication of solenoid coil energization) and a current limiting resistor R9. In order to protect transistor T2 from a deleterious voltage surge due to the collapse of the magnetic field of coil 100 upon turn off of transistor T2, a pull back diode D1 is provided in parallel with coil 100.
The negative input of comparator COMP 2 is connected to microprocessor port P21 while its output controls operation of a switching transistor T3 via current limiting resistor R3. The collector-emitter circuit of transistor T3 selectively connects +18 volt D.C. to the signal "B" conductor 30 of cable 26 in accordance with instructions from the microprocessor to report to the controller 34 the position of valve 24 as sensed by optically coupled sensor switches OS1 and OS2.
The synchronization signal conductor 28 of cable 26 is connected to the negative input of comparator COMP 3 through resistor R1 which provides a high impedance input. Both the positive input of comparator COMP 3 and the negative input of comparator COMP 4 are referenced to Vcc. The output of COMP 3 is connected to both Vcc through a current limiting resistor R5 and to the interrupt input INT of the microprocessor. Finally, the positive input of comparator COMP 4 is connnected to "A" signal conductor 32 of cable 26 through a current limiting resistor R2 and the output of COMP 4 goes to microprocessor M port P23. Of course, the general operation of the comparators is that if the voltage applied to the negative input is greater than that applied to the positive input, the output of the comparator will be a low voltage logic level. On the other hand, if the voltage at the negative input is equal to or lower than that at the positive input, a high voltage logic level will be present at the output of the comparator.
Operation of the electronic components of a representative valve control unit 20, as dictated in part by the contents of the PROM of the microprocessor, is as follows: Assume that the valve control unit under consideration is number 100 and that the various switches of DIP switch module SW1 have been set accordingly to enable the microprocessor M to receive and transmit data during channels 200 and 201. Furthermore, assume that the piston rod 46 of a cylinder 22 is retracted so that valve 24 is open, and that actuator rod 52 is extended causing optically coupled switch OS1 to disconnect the port P20 of the microprocessor from ground and causing the phototransistor of switch OS2 to conduct thus connecting microprocessor port P22 to ground. Upon the absence of pulses on the synchronization signal conductor 28 for a predetermined time, e.g., of a duration of two clock channels, comparator COMP 3 provides a high output of sufficient duration to the INT input of the microprocessor cueing it to start counting with the next synchronization pulse.
Communications between the valve control unit 20 designated 100 and the controller 34 begin with the start of channel 200 of the communication cycle and end at the expiration of channel 201. Upon arrival of channel 200, microprocessor output P21 provides a low output during the first channel half and a high output (5 volts) during the second channel half. This results in comparator COMP 1, which acts as a buffer, controlling the switching of PNP transistor T3 so that the "1", "0" sequence is applied to signal "B" conductor 30 informing the controller that sensor switch OS1 has sensed that its valve 24 is open. Also during channel 200, the "0", "1" sequence is provided on signal "A" conductor 32. As the "high" on this conductor exceeds +5 volts, comparator COMP 4 passes the "0", "1" sequence to the microprocessor commanding that valve 24 be deactivated or closed. In response, the microprocessor changes the output of DB3 causing transistor T2 to be rendered non-conductive thus deenergizing the solenoid coil 100 resulting in exhaustion of piston chamber 42 to permit biasing spring 64 to extend piston rod 46 to close the valve 24. Of course, valve switching cannot occur instantaneously. Upon the arrival of time channel 201 of the communication cycle, valve 24 is still open and this is reported to the microprocessor by switch OS2. The microprocessor is responsive to generate at output P21 a low output during the first half of channel 201 and high output during the second channel half. This again results in the comparator COMP 1 controlling transistor T3 so that the "1", "0" sequence is applied to signal "B" conductor 30 informing the controller that switch OS2 has determined that its valve 24 is open. Upon arrival of time channel 202, communication between the valve control unit designated 100 and the controller 34 is disabled and is not again enabled until the arrival of channel 200 of the next communication cycle.
The values of the various resistors (in ohms) and capacitors (in microfarads) are as follows: R1=1M, R2=1M, R3=1K, R4=10K, R5=10K, R6=100, R7=3.3K, R8=3.3K, R9=1K, C1=470, C2=1.5, C4=1000.
The attached program and FIGS. 8-10 regard the contents of the PROM of microprocessor M.
In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained.
As various changes could be made without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. ##SPC1##
1. A plurality of valve control units each adapted to be carried by a valve which is movable between a first predetermined position and a second predetermined position for controlling operation of its corresponding valve in accordance with instructions from a controller remote from said valves and reporting to said controller the position of its valve, each valve control unit comprising:
- connector means for making connection with a cable interconnected with said controller, said cable including a pair of conductors for carrying an A.C. voltage, a conductor for carrying a digital synchronization signal generated by said controller, a conductor for carrying a digital command signal generated by said controller, and a conductor for carrying a digital position indication signal generated by said control units;
- sensor means for detecting the position of the valve;
- solenoid means for causing movement of the valve;
- microprocessor means responsive to said synchronization signal and said command signal to effect energization and deenergization of said solenoid means, said microprocessor being responsive to said sensor means to contribute to said position indication signal; and
- power supply means connected to receive said A.C. voltage and providing a first D.C. voltage for energizing said solenoid means and a second D.C. voltage for providing a control voltage for said microprocessor means.
2. A plurality of valve control unit as set forth in claim 1 wherein the sensor means of each valve control unit comprises a first optical limit switch for detecting the position of the valve and a second optical limit switch for detecting the position of the valve.
3. A plurality of valve control units as set forth in claim 1 wherein said cable includes a common ground conductor for the three signal conductors.
4. An improvement is a valve control system of the type comprising a controller for controlling operation of a plurality of fluid flow valves disposed remote from said controller, each valve carrying a valve control unit therefor with each unit including transmitting means for signaling said controller as to the position of its valve and receiver means for receiving directions from said controller as to the desired position of each valve, said improvement comprising a common cable interconnecting each of said valve control units with said controller including:
- a pair of power conductors for carrying alternating current voltage to each actuator;
- a synchronization signal conductor for carrying a digital synchronization signal;
- a position indication signal conductor for carrying a digital signal from each of said transmitter means to said controller;
- a position command signal conductor for carrying a digital signal from said controller to each of said receiver means; and
- signal conductor ground means, at least one of said valve control units being adapted to transmit data concurrently over said position indication signal while said controller is transmitting data over said position command signal conductor.
5. An improvement as set forth in claim 4 wherein said signal conductor ground means comprises a common ground return conductor for all of the aforementioned signal conductors.
6. An improvement as set forth in claim 4 wherein said signal conductor ground means comprises a discrete ground return conductor for each of said signal conductors.
Type: Grant
Filed: Oct 21, 1983
Date of Patent: Feb 25, 1986
Assignee: Cherry-Burrell (Cedar Rapids, IA)
Inventors: Gary L. Ferguson (Cedar Rapids, IA), Carl H. Meier (Davenport, IA)
Primary Examiner: Joseph Ruggiero
Law Firm: Fitch, Even, Tabin & Flannery
Application Number: 6/544,451
International Classification: G06F 1546; G05B 1502;


text:
On Wednesday, central bank official Mu Changchun published an important op-ed urging checks on the expansion of the social credit system (SCS).
Mu reminded everyone of the system's original purpose (Caixin):
- "[A] credit reporting system helps satisfy lenders' need for accurate, credible information that reduces the risk of lending and the cost of loan losses."
He expressed concern about the scope of the system:
- "Credit reporting…shouldn't control people's private lives or be used to select a social moral model."
Mu thinks there should be stronger limits:
- "Data collection, storing, and processing should be carried out in line with the principle of 'minimum and necessary.'"
He also highlighted that the SCS is set to get at least some checks and balances.
- Some context: On December 22, the Party center released a document requiring better regulation of unified punishments for untrustworthy subjects, a key component of the SCS, to better protect private businesses.
Get smart: The central bank has always struck us as one of the more rational co-leaders of the SCS project, so Mu's call for balance is unsurprising.
Get smarter: But the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is in the SCS driver's seat – and it isn't so restrained.
We'll be watching to see which perspective wins out.


text:
Superlotto Numbers for 08-04-1990
These are the Superlotto winning numbers for Saturday August 4th 1990. The latest results can be found here. Scroll down to see the prize breakdown for this specific draw - you can see how many people were winners in each prize category along with the amounts that they won and what the total prize fund was for that tier.
- 12
- 23
- 26
- 27
- 29
- 31


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From the day you were born, your mother's entire world has revolved around making you feel happy and calm. This Mother's Day, give the special mom in your life the same treatment with a day spa gift certificate to Oasys Day Spa. Located in Wood-Ridge, NJ, this spa offers a variety of services to help her relax and unwind in a beautiful, tranquil setting.
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I don't have any good workout / athletic clothing to go running in. I exercise wearing chino pants and Vans shoes for goodness sake!
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Once, one of my friends had suffered a lot from data loss. He used to save all his private matter on partition D, including photos, videos, music and things like that. One day, when he starts his PC, he cannot find his partition D. He was so disappointed that he began to recall what can be the cause for this. He sought in his mind what he had done the day before with his computer. After some brainstorm, something caught his attention. It seemed that he accidently deleted his D partition...It is too late to mourn, so he think about me and told me that. With my suggestion, he successfully gets back his lost partition with all his private data.
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text: Oreo Lands a Home! 23rd October 2018By Candy Cane RescueBeautiful Candy Cane boy Oreo has been adopted by a wonderful family!He left our kennels in Beijing to go to our rescue partner MotorCity Greyhound Rescue in the USA earlier this year.Good luck Oreo, be happy! Leave a Reply Cancel reply You must Register or Login to post a comment.This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.


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Pittsburgh Steelers linebacker James Harrison was upset because his sons were given "participation" trophies, so he gave them back. He says he believes everything should be earned, and doesn't want his boys to believe that they are entitled to something because they tried their best.
Interesting Stat of the Day: $536.6 million That's how much Michael Jordan made from sponsorships from 2000 to 2012.
New research indicates that women take break-ups harder at the beginning, but men upset about them for a longer period of time.
George Will told Chris Wallace on Fox News Sunday that people underestimate how fragile Donald Trump is as a candidate. He compared Trump's popularity to primal screaming therapy and questioned whether or not people would want to trust Trump with nuclear weapons.
In Science news, a company in San Francisco is offering you the chance to send your loved ones ashes to the Moon for the low, low price of $12,000.
Plus, a Washington state man filed a public records request with the county auditor to get the personal information of strippers and managers at a strip club because, he said, he wants to pray for them.
Each morning Keith Conrad will give you a few stories useful for starting conversations around the water cooler at work. Assuming that your office actually has a water cooler.
Follow Keith Conrad on Twitter
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Listen to GMB on Stitcher
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Ras Omari is something of a Horatio Alger story trying to win a City Council seat in the Downtown/South End 131st District as a write-in candidate. He's among a number of young insurgents taking on the establishment.
Educating voters about a write-in candidacy takes patience and endurance. Read about his creative path here.


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You can gather and share the memories and stories that matter most to you and yours with the Talk of a Lifetime program.
Asking questions such as "What was it like when you graduated from high school? What did your wedding ceremony look like? What was your first job? Who were your best friends growing up? How did you spend your summers when school was out?" are examples that help start these important conversations.
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Snorts and grunts punctuated by the thumping of thousands of hooves. Swishing tails, nostrils flared with the scent of rain and … Continue reading The Great Migration
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Disneyland Paris worker found dead in Haunted House
French police have launched an investigation into the death of a Disneyland Paris worker after his body was found in a Haunted House.
They confirmed they are investigating the death of a male technician in the Phantom Manor.
The body of the 45-year old father was found at 10am on Saturday, and it is believed he died of electrocution while carrying out work in the attraction, which showcases ghosts and other sinister themes.
A spokesperson for the prosecutor in nearby Meaux said the man, who has not been identified, was working on the lighting backstage when he died.
An autopsy has not yet been performed, but initial investigations point towards death by accidental electrocution.
An investigation is ongoing," said the spokesman, adding that police and electrics experts were assisting with the enquiry.
Police have also interviewed colleagues, who found the man's body in the attraction.
A staff union representative at Disneyland Paris, Patrick Maldidier, said the man, who had worked at the park for over a decade, was hugely popular with colleagues and was "always smiling".
A Disneyland spokesperson said management was "deeply saddened" by the man's death, and sent commiserations to his "family and relatives".
The Phantom Manor is now closed until at least Wednesday, as investigations continue.


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SAN FRANCISCO — Fake news is "undermining our democracy," but it's something people may not notice if they get their news from the mainstream media, former Clinton campaign chair John Podesta warned on Wednesday.
"It's sinister, and it's a vile stream that runs under the ground and it begins to have an effect and takes its toll," Podesta said on-stage at the NewCo Shift Forum.
The "subterranean" power of fake news was something Podesta experienced first hand when he and Hillary Clinton were accused of running a child sex ring inside an upscale D.C. pizzeria called Comet Ping Pong. It was a fake news story that was debunked immediately in the mainstream news, but that didn't stop one North Carolina man from entering the restaurant with a gun to investigate it for himself. Podesta said it was a "horrifying episode" for the employees, and the people in the community, but it's hard to pull the claims back once they have been seeded online.
"All that stuff exists, you don't see it, you don't feel it if you're largely living in reality in a mainstream media," Podesta said. (Since the election, the Trump administration has also used the term "fake news" to attack the mainstream media, especially CNN.)
Podesta pointed to a BuzzFeed news investigation that found fake news articles were more widely shared and liked than the top political articles from the election. Part of the viral spread, he believes, was also foreign governments spinning up bot farms.
Since the election, companies like Facebook and Google have pledged to crack down on the spread of fake news. This week, Facebook said it would partner with leading French media outlets to tackle the fake news spreading on its platform ahead of the elections in France, which will happen in April and May.
Podesta applauded media companies for beginning to acknowledge their responsibility — something Mark Zuckerberg hesitated to do at first after the election — but said it's still a serious threat that needs to be addressed.
"It's undermining our democracy," Podesta said. "I don't know what technical fix I'm asking for, but I think the companies need to take it seriously."
NOW WATCH: 'You are fake news': Watch Trump attack a news reporter during his first press conference as president-elect
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And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel.
Exodus 19:6
Most of us have certain items in our homes that are used only during special occasion, such as a set of fine china dinnerware or a special suit or dress. Something that is set aside for a special purpose is what is meant by the Hebrew word qadosh. The furnishings in the tabernacle were qadosh and would never be used for anything but for use in the tabernacle, any more than one would take fine china on a camping trip. The nation of Israel was also qadosh; they were set aside from the other nations by God to do his work in the world. The word qadosh has been translated as "holy," but this word has taken on a new meaning of its own: a person who is pious and righteous. This is not the true meaning of this word and demonstrates the need for getting back to the original meaning of Hebrew words.


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Corrio Messaging
We are committed to lowering recidivism through family communication by providing voice and text services to incarcerated men and women.
Corrio is here for you.
Read about us
on qz.com
"It's incredible how being able to leave short messages for each other helps engender a much deeper sense of connection between my loved ones and me."
Want to try Corrio Messaging? If the number does not work in your inmate's facility, we will refund the purchase.
One man's story of how he lost his freedom, and how Corrio Messaging helped him on the path to redemption.
Need to add money to an inmate's account? Anyone can add money - all you need is the inmate's Corrio phone number.


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Back in Danville, Virginia
Once again here in Danville visiting my father and not much has changed. Nice looking town in the main parts, no community commercial center but a burgeoning mega store commercial strip, generally friendly people, most with low wage jobs, high crime rate issue driven by drugs and gangs, and a failing medical community. I like visiting... but more later.


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FileZilla Client is a fast and reliable cross-platform FTP, FTPS and SFTP client with lots…
curl and libcurl 7.63.0
curl is a command line tool and library for transferring data with URL syntax, supporting DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, Gopher, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMTP, SMTPS, Telnet and TFTP. curl supports SSL certificates, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, FTP uploading, HTTP form based upload, proxies, HTTP/2, cookies, user+password authentication (Basic, Digest, NTLM, Negotiate, kerberos…), file transfer resume, proxy tunneling and more.
> Website
> Download
> Changelog
> SCM Tree
> Bug Tracker
> Mailing Lists


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The new heir to the Saudi kingdom is a man with vast ambitions, but it is his international aspirations that are causing the most concern
The sudden elevation of Mohammed bin Salman to the position of crown prince and heir apparent to his father, King Salman of Saudi Arabia, is a welcome surprise for many Saudis. It is also a matter of deep concern for some of the kingdom's neighbours, notably Iran, which is locked in a region-wide power struggle with its Arab arch-rival that increasingly risks sucking in the US and Russia.
For younger Saudis frustrated by the kingdom's hidebound traditionalism and inflexible religious laws, Prince Mohammed is seen as a reform-minded new broom who could sweep the country to a brighter, more open future. For critics at home and abroad, he is a dangerous and inexperienced firebrand who could undermine stability and lead Saudi Arabia to unintentional disaster.


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Bienvenu Hélène
Hélène Bienvenu is a journalist based in Budapest who writes about 'the unknown and the little known' in Central Europe and Eastern Europe, sometimes even stretching out to Detroit, MI. She used to live in Warsaw and kept a very soft spot for Poland. She works for French and English speaking media.


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It's more than just providing food. It's all about bringing hope.
The Pantry at Princeton Alliance Church exists to improve the quality of life of families in need while pointing them to the hope and grace of Jesus. The Pantry offers supplemental groceries, personal care, baby care and domestic items. During the summer, fresh vegetables and eggs are available through our church garden and relationships with local farmers. Along with the needed food comes encouragement, partnership, life skills opportunities and accountability. It's ultimately through relationship that people experience a life-changing encounter.
The communities we serve in Middlesex County are Cranbury, Dayton, Jamesburg, Kendall Park, Kingston, Monmouth Junction, Monroe, Plainsboro, and South Brunswick. In Mercer County they are East Windsor, West Windsor, Hightstown, Princeton, and Princeton Junction.


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Retired soccer star, coach, and Olympic gold medalist Abby Wambach was arrested for Driving Under the Influence of Intoxicants (DUII) - Alcohol, in Portland, Oregon, Saturday night.
The sports favorite allegedly ran a red light, was pulled over, and failed field sobriety tests.
According to the police, Wambach was "polite and cooperative throughout the investigation."
Wambach retired from sports in October.


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Solar4America Ice at San Jose and the Jr Sharks periodically hosts cross ice jamborees. Playing cross ice, or 3v3 hockey, is a great way for players to have fun with their friends, get a great workout, all in a relaxed environment.
The cross ice practicing/playing model has been used in many of the leading hockey nations in the world for a number of years and has stood the test of time. It has been shown that children who begin their hockey training in this type of environment have an outstanding hockey experience.
In playing cross ice hockey, the number of times a player touches, passes, handles, and shoots the puck dramatically increases. Their stopping, turning and edge control is tested much more often in the small area. Additionally, in cross ice hockey, the speed in playing situations increases which requires quicker mental and physical reactions by the players and raises their activity level.
Take a look below for more information and registration details for upcoming cross ice events taking place at Solar4America Ice.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact the Solar4America Ice Hockey Dept at firstname.lastname@example.com.
For this event, we are accepting the following age and skill divisions:
Age Divisions:
Please note that the Solar4America Ice Hockey Dept reserves the right to move teams and merge divisions in the interest of parity and fair competition.
Please click on the link below. Once there, locate your age division and click on your team name.
All registration will be taken online. No paper/email/fax registrations will be allowed.
Coaches have kept sports alive in 2020. Has your kid's coach helped them through this crisis?Nominate them for a chance to win $2500!


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We have an important update in our progress. Monday afternoon we went before the City of Mobile to gain approval of our zoning variance request to operate a brewery on the property. The request was met with some very important concerns from neighboring property owners, and we felt we had found accommodating solutions and work-arounds to take those concerns into consideration. We also went beyond to make sure that more distant properties in the area were part of this process and that they had the chance to voice their concerns as well. For us, this is an opportunity to move the community forward, and we wanted to make sure everyone had a chance to voice their ideas and opinions and be part of this initiative.
After some discussion and further explanation of our business plans, the City of Mobile APPROVED our zoning variance to operate a brewery on the property. We are very excited to have reached this milestone and have the City of Mobile supporting our initiative.
With this milestone behind us, we are continuing to move forward each and every day. More news to come soon. Cheers! - Keith
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Early people don't usually get a prize, so here's a love letter from us.
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Welcome To My "weekend Recap" with Sami
Friday I booked off work to go to the jays game, before the game started I went to the wake of my families friends who past away last Thursday night. I never thought it would be as hard to see them rest as it was, knowing Ill never heard Paul and Cindy voices wasn't as easy as I thought it was going to be. Man I really cant express how truly sorry I am, but at the same time how proud I am of there 3 kids, who stood there smile on the faces, gave there thank you speeches. They just stood there looking so strong as the 3 of them supported each other. After I left there, my friend Amber came and picked me up to go to Oshawa, where I met my brother in -law and nephew to board the train to union! The Jays game was amazing, I went to go take a picture of my man Brett Lawrie when all of a sudden this happened!
Hit straight to 3rd. <3
And when I went to take a picture of Travis Snider, this happened!
- How amazing, its like they knew I was waiting and watching them ;)
After the game we got food from WaToo's, and headed back to my sisters house. John, my brother in law and I stayed up for a few hours watching TV, found my new guilty pleasure "King of Thrones".
I spent the morning relaxing with my sister, and sister in law watchin my nephews play <3. I love spending time at my sisters house, its so relaxing. Audri came and got me later that afternoon (while getting lost 400 times, when all I gave here were 3 simple directions!LOL,blondes :p jokes) we headed back home and got ready for a hoe saturday. First we had a double date with this guy I've been talking to on this dating site I signed up for a few weeks ago, * which has been a complete waste of time * WORST DATE EVER! - * check out that post here * . After the date, I headed to the city to go to the bar anyway, we ended up bar hoping, I got out of the cab & I left my cell on the back seat. Yep my dell fuckin streak. They phone that I cracked the operating system on because it hadn't been released yet for the phone, plus the 16G memory card, plus 1000+ pictures of my self in my bra/undies that I was taking for my weight loss pictures, there's pictures of my nephews on there, and EVERYONE knows how many creeps there are out there. I called and cancelled the line immediately, but still you never know what can be done with those things.
I did nothing. I have no connection to the outside world. No cable, no internet, no contacts so I ended up missing my friends bridal party. Ugh I really hope she forgives me I feel like such an ass for not being there to support her, after she chose to put me in the wedding party. I was littererly so upset about my phone that I didn't know what to do with myself, after an hour long work out, pacing back and forth, I took at 8 hour nap, and when I woke up I was still so upset, Its not the phone that I lost its replaceable, its the fact that this phone is so technically advanced that the person who found the phone wouldn't even be able to appreciate it. Oh well that's what I get for being drunk and bar hoping with my phone!
Hope everyone's weekend was better then mine =)


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David Beckham
Unexpected duo David Beckham & Kevin Hart Star in a New Campaign for H&M
by Lucky Garcia
What happens when you take one of Hollywood's funniest comedians and the world's most sought after, fashionable soccer player? You get one funny and stylish H&M campaign. Read More
September 29, 2015 | Uncategorized |
Will David Beckham's H&M Superbowl Ad Be #Covered Or #Uncovered?
by Vanessa Singh
This year H&M is celebrating the Superbowl XLVIII with David Beckham and the launch of a new Spring 2014 Bodywear line. Read More
January 26, 2014 | Uncategorized | 1
Fashion & Technology Today
by Vanessa Singh
We're coming to the end of a busy week and a lot has happened in the world of fashion and technology. Fashionotes wants to make sure you're in the know. Here are the top 5 stories you need to know today. Read More
January 24, 2014 | Uncategorized |
David Beckham Starring in First Shoppable TV Commercial for H&M Debuting Super Bowl XLVIII
by Contributor
Leave it to David Beckham to wow us on the upcoming 30-second Super Bowl commercial, for his David Beckham Bodywear collection at H&M. And, when we say wow, we're not referring to his physique either. Read More
January 13, 2014 | Uncategorized |
Fashion & Technology Today
by Vanessa Singh
Enjoy the winter wonderland fashion lovers! Meanwhile Fashionotes brings you the top five fashion and technology stories you need to know today. Read More
January 6, 2014 | Uncategorized |
Victoria Beckham Guest Edits for Vogue Paris
by Ashley Mckernan
Oh la la! The ever beautiful Victoria Beckham straps on her editor heels, as she guest edits the December edition of Vogue Paris. Read More
November 29, 2013 | Beauty |


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Sorry, we do not support gaming on phone devices yet. We apologize for this inconvenience.
Quick links
Welcome to BOB THE ROBBER which is developed by Funtomic. This is an interesting strategy and puzzle arcade video game about controlling a thief (for PC). Your mission in this game is to help Bob (a famous thief) complete his cool robbery missions. Don't think that this is a bad job, Bob carefully investigated where he would rob. It's bad guys money (they are very rich) and then Bob will give these money to the poor. I believe this is a good job but it is risky. Will you help Bob?
When Bob was young, he practiced and trained hard on the special skills of a thief. Bob can open the most complex locks easily, he can destroy any security system he wants, and he is very good at finding locations that have money. In BOB THE ROBBER UNBLOCKED, you will help Bob complete all 5 levels with difficult challenges. These levels are different locations and they are owned by bad guys. Bob will infiltrate a mansion; he will steal money in the Jewelery Store, a Hotel, a Bar, and even a Casino.
This game has a very impressive interface. You can see all the rooms in the level as soon as the game starts, and you must move to the position of the yellow arrows to complete the mission. Pay attention to the papers on the wall. You will use W or up arrow key to read them. Read and remember important information that the paper provides. You will need this information to complete the level. You will have to move through different rooms (in some levels, you can skip some rooms), collect money, and run to the destination. If you want to go upstairs, just press the W or up arrow key. You can also use W or up arrow key to check cartons or places that you think have money. At the upper left corner of the screen is the amount you have collected. In my experience, you should check all the objects in the map.
When you start a level, the time will run. But don't worry too much because you won't be defeated by time. It only affects the score after you complete the level. In one level, you will definitely have to pass the locked doors. But Bob is an expert in unlocking and this is not a difficult challenge for him. To pick a lock, you just press and hold W or up arrow key until you open it. But you should be careful because when you are unlocking, if a guard sees you, he will alert and you will be arrested. And in BOB THE ROBBER UNBLOCKED, you only have 5 lives (try to use them effectively). Next, for doors that have a lock code, you need to interact with the console and use the passwords to open it. Do you remember the papers on the wall? One of them will contain the passwords you are looking for. If you can't remember the code, write them down on a sheet of paper!
Another obstacle is the camera system. If you are seen by the camera, it will alert and you will lose 1 life! All robbers prefer being in the shadows and Bob is, too. When still, he will hide himself in a shadow and cameras won't see him. You need to hide in the dark and move in the direction that the camera cannot detect. When you face the laser barriers in some secret places, the alarm will sound if you pass through. To disable these barriers you need to rewire the electrical control unit. Yes, Bob can accomplish this easily, you just need to give him a little time. When Bob safely arrives at the designated location, you have one final step to complete the mission: find a way to escape the house. Move to the position of the arrows again to complete the level.
Do you think all these obstacles are hard? Not enough! The most difficult challenge in this game is robots and guards. They are always moving and Bob needs to timing accurately to overcome these enemies. After completing a level, Bob's score will be based on the time he used, the amount he has collected, and the number of lives remaining. Locations will be wider and Bob must observe the map carefully. Only with a small mistake, Bob will be caught. And if you can't continue the game, you can Pause to stop the time. Move quietly, hide in the dark and steal bad guys' money. Good luck and have fun!
Are you looking for BOB THE ROBBER Unblocked? If so, just come to Hudgames.com and this game is yours. Here you have thousands of great unblocked online games and all are free, including BOB THE ROBBER Unblocked. Hudgames.com is a reliable website to help you have the best video gaming experience. And if you're thinking about bob the robber for school, come to us because we don't block anything. You can easily access this site from school, office, airport ... whenever you want. Try it now!
Use WASD or arrow keys to play the game and Space bar to attack the guard.
Press W or up arrow key to read the paper on the wall.
Control of Bob The Robber
First, you need to observe all the rooms in the map and determine the best route to reach the destination. Second, you have to read all the paper on the wall because one of them will have passwords to unlock special doors. Third, when you unlock a door or disable the security system, make sure there are no guards near you. Fourth, hide in the dark and you can pass through the cameras system easily. Finally, move in the back of the guards and you will not be detected by them, then hide in the darkness and wait for them to pass by your face to overcome them. You should also collect all the money in each level to increase your points.


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Cahoots- a Festival on Faith, Justice and Do It Yourself!
Event Date:
May 29, 2014 (All day) - June 1, 2014 (All day)
The Student Christian Movement and the Beansprout Collective have organized Cahoots — a Festival on Faith, Justice and Do It Yourself! The Festival is for all ages and will include child care. There will be workshops, skill sharing, music, art, and more — all nestled together at Silver Lake Mennonite Camp in Sauble Beach, Ontario.
Cahoots will explore how faith communities struggle for justice. How do we stay resilient and strong to oppose injustice while building a new world? What does it mean to be a follower of Jesus in this age of injustice, cuts to essential social services, destruction of our land and the poisoning of our water by multinationals, deportation of migrants and refugees, and the further industrialization of our prison system?
At Cahoots, we will ask questions together, listen to unique and remarkable people, sing freedom songs, practice skills, and create together as a diverse community of faith. Discounted Tickets are $55 before April 15 and $65 for regular priced tickets after that date.


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Motivation To Write
Every year, November is THE month for getting writing done. Tine to write and finish your novel and many other types of writing. This includes academic writing. If you want to get that paper published, whether you are an early career academic or a professor of long standing, November is the month to get it done! Of course, you can write and publish in any month of the year but if you are finding difficulty in writing and publishing an academic article, November is the month to find the motivation because many others will also be writing and you can find motivation from them, perhaps using the buddy system,, or just knowing that others are sweating it out too.
Just knowing that Nanowrimo (national novel writing month) or acmowrimo (academic motivation writing month) is coming up can be motivation in itself. As one person wrote, "I was planning ahead for nanowrimo, by plotting out my novel and suddenly found it taking off!"
Maybe you need a different type of motivation? You could try writing two letters to yourself, one for one year ahead and the other for five years ahead. Put your writing goals into them and any other goals you may have and then seal them and put them away. You may need to set some reminder, both that you have written the letters and where you set them! When the time comes round, see which goals you have achieved. I wrote down my goals many years ago and promptly forgot them until I was reminded over 30 years later! I had achieved the biggest goal of all – that of gaining my Ph.D. and when I thought about it, all the little goals I had set and achieved over the years in between had all contributed to that end goal. If I had not worked on those little goals (going to evening classes on IT, creating a work project for learners that was not available from any content provider and using that to upgrade my qualifications) I would not have been able to achieve my big goal of gaining a Ph.D.
Tips For Getting Started Writing
- Get a headline – make it interesting, so you want to find out about it
- Get an outline. Write down some subheadings that would contribute to your headline.
- Use a mind map or a concept map.
- Write 100 words on one of your subheadings. 100 words is not much but it gets you started.
- Add some more sub headings or sub-sub headings.
- Write 100 words on one of these.
- Create a weekly timetable showing when you WILL write.
- Create an appendix, if you are doing academic writing. It's often easier to write down the facts and create graphs and tables. Use that for starting your chapter or section.
- Just write. Freewriting is a good way of silencing that pesky editor in your head who says, "that's not good enough, you've spelled it wrongly, your grammar is wonky", etc.