text:
Gijs van Oenen
Amsterdam, August 6, 2002
Usual parameters of freedom of speech and democracy may largely be in working order, but nevertheless the experience seems widespread that it is increasingly difficult to articulate counter-voices in the contemporary political arena with its networked, globalizing structure. In their book Empire, Hardt and Negri even conclude that, in our post-imperialist world in which there is no longer any 'outside', such voices are now irredeemably lost. I contest this assertion by showing how hybrid speech, especially as it is articulated in the (Latin American) genre of the testimonio. Through a particular way of evoking and hiding 'secrets', such speech manages to incorporate a 'cultural proviso' that resists easy assimilation into hegemonic discourse. Finding counter-voices thus implies finding new forms of testimonio. Ironically, Empire itself turns out to fit this bill very well.
political speech, Hardt, Negri, Empire, liberation theology, hybridity, testimonio, constitutional secrets
This article addresses the topic of political speech, albeit in a way unusual for political theory. It is not concerned with the legal parameters of the freedom of speech; neither does it concern democratic entitlements, in a formal or in a substantial sense. It is interested, in a way, in the issue of inclusion and exclusion, but in a quite radicalized sense. Its central concern is not which groups are somehow excluded from participation in the democratic process of political argument. Rather, it asks whether the whole idea of a purposive government and of critical citizens, conducting a meaningful exchange of voice and counter-voice between them, is not at odds with our present-day experience of politics and of governance. The feeling seems quite widely shared that political opposition somehow cannot find a proper voice – a feeling that certainly has been amplified by the events of 9-11 and their aftermath. Although it is true that, in reaction to the events, rights have been curtailed and that some democratic mechanisms have been cut short, this is not my main concern, at least not in this article. Rather, I want to ask how political theory can account for the feeling that, although most democratic mechanisms are still up and running and most rights still are secure, it is increasingly difficult to articulate political counter-voices.
In this article, I want to articulate and analyze this change in 'feeling' towards political speech. My main point of reference here will be Michael Hardt's and Toni Negri's much-discussed Empire. This book radically exchanges the traditional, self-assured parameters of the dominant political discourse by other, more diffuse, and less comforting forcefields that, according to its authors, characterize the exercise of power and authority in contemporary global network societies.
Although I do not share Empire's concrete political analysis, I do appreciate it as a form of cultural philosophy, albeit an unusual and poorly understood form. The book offers valuable insights when we understand, or rather translate, it as an articulation of some crucial contemporary experiences of domination, governance, and resistance (§2). Such a cultural perspective emphasizes the question how local, idiosyncratic political experiences can still be articulated, expressed and discussed in dominant speech or discourse – whichever discourse that happens to be. Unlike Hardt and Negri, I find that authority can still be 'addressed', whether in dissent or assent, albeit that such addressing needs special, in some sense poetical means, in order to bring its message across.
Resistance then becomes a form of linguistic struggle, more especially the art of hybrid speaking. Such a way of speaking expresses a demand for what we might call a 'cultural proviso' vis-à-vis the dominant culture (§3). A good example of such hybrid speech forms the testimonio, a genre that arose in the context of Latin-American literature and cultural studies. In particular, I discuss the discussion around the testimonio by Rigoberta Menchú, the young Maya woman who received the Nobel peace prize for her testimonio concerning political oppression of Maya people and their culture in Guatemala (§4). Different from Hardt and Negri, I conclude that a meaningful dialectic of authoritative speech and counter-speech, that is to say speech that can join the dominant (liberal, democratic, western/northern) discourse while still retaining cultural otherness and critical potential is still possible. This requires an ambiguous type of speech that enables both writers and readers to resist the process of destroying or assimilating hybridity. Ironically, Empire itself is best understood as such an ambiguous cultural protest, that is to say, as a new form of testimonio (§5).
1. The decay of political counter-speech
"This is your captain speaking". Hearing this announcement through the intercom used to be a reassuring experience. Someone is in charge; everything is under control. The captain, or the government, watches out over us; passengers, or citizens, can sit back and relax. These comforting certainties, however, have evaporated quickly in recent times. In general, of course, governments simply are less in control than they used to be. They have to compete with a host of formal and informal organizations, such as NGO's, the IMF or the World Bank. Globalization and information technology have extended and speeded up processes of communication, establishing networks of control on which governments have little grip. Political government is less secure than it used to be.
However, the terrorist attacks of 9-11 have introduced a new dimension to these forms of political insecurity. Symbolically, this is represented by the message that the comforting message "This is your captain speaking", on one of the terror flights of September 11, was in fact relayed by one of the hijackers, who stealthily had taken over control of the airplane. Of course, since then security measures have been strengthened, laws have been 'toughened', the powers of law enforcement agencies have been increased, and the president of the United States even has created an entirely new department of national security. But such measures cannot obscure the deep truth of which the hijacker's deception was in a sense just a symptom: the voice of political authority nowadays sounds shrill and uncomfortable. Its messages get lost on its distrustful or preoccupied citizens, who also find it increasingly difficult to find ways to effectively voice their discontent.
Although of course political authority and dissenting political voices are inevitably each other's opponents, at least they used to be 'on speaking terms'. One addressed the other and somehow they exchanged views, if not always in the form of proper argument or discourse. However, the importance of speech and conviction for political authority seems to be in rapid decline. One particular event in the terrorist attacks of September 11 made this particularly clear – although we should note that it is a symptom, rather than a cause of the problem. Before that date, hijackers could always somehow be negotiated with; however minimal, there always was some possibility for speech and counter-speech. The Al Qaeda hijackers, however, did not post demands, nor did they issue any statements. They just carried out attacks. Their only message, "this is your captain speaking", was of course a cynical lie, but simultaneously it contained an unsettling sense of truth about contemporary political authority. In some important sense it is true that we have no real idea who the real political authority is. Moreover, it is normal, rather than exceptional, that we take the speech of political authority as being routine messages, relayed to comfort or reassure us, rather than engage us in serious discussion or controversy. Up to an (important) point, political speech is actually meant to fall on deaf ears.
Not just in airborne states of exception, but in regular life on earth as well, doubt is settling on the potential and the importance of political speech. Administrators often talk about democracy and the voice of the people, but their natural interest lies in pre-empting serious opposition through the timely 'polling' of the population. The population, in turn, shows little interest in politics, in the sense of contributing to the informed discussion that drives public opinion formation. They tend to identify mainly with issues concerning their own material wellbeing, although at times they are willing to let themselves be swayed by political rhetoric on 'values' and 'morality'.
In a skeptical mood, we might feel that both politicians and citizens are nowadays mostly engaged in making noise. In a more constructive sense, we may say that politics – as interplay between government and citizens - becomes more theatrical, aesthetic, and quasi-utopical. Not by coincidence, the most lively forms of political expression in contemporary political culture can be found in the – by now almost ritual – confrontations between western leaders of government and business, and demonstrators against globalization (or at any rate, the present form of globalization). Intense and theatrical exchanges take place at these confrontations, although not much of it takes the form of argument, from either side. Despite this lack of argument or of regulated discussion, or perhaps even because of this, many people feel that something essential takes place in these exchanges. It proves difficult, however, to give adequate expression to this feeling.
Hardt and Negri's book Empire has quickly gained cult status, probably because it succeeded better than the mainstream analyses in political theory to express this feeling, and the anxiety that forms part of it. It focuses on the perceived distance between ordinary people trying to find ways to bear the weight of common life, and systems of power that frustrate them in their attempts.1 Can these authoritative systems still speak to common people, or be spoken to, in a meaningful way? Does their authority still have the form that mainstream political analysis attribute to it? Does it still make sense to give 'voice' to the people ('freedom of speech!'), when all particularist claims and criticism are liable to be assimilated, forthwith, into the hegemonial system called 'Empire'? Who can still stand up to its assimilative powers?
'Empire' is not an easy concept to catch, perhaps precisely because of its power to incorporate and assimilate everything it encounters, making it literally a 'catch-all' concept. It refers to a radicalized form of capitalism and/or imperialism, a form that became necessary once these systems had destroyed or assimilated the last remnants of an 'outside'. It should be conceived as 'a universal republic, a network of powers and counterpowers structured in a boundless and inclusive architecture' (p.166-167). Different from traditional imperialism, Empire extends and consolidates the model of network power, supporting 'the globalization of productive networks'. Contingency, mobility, and flexibility constitute its real power (p.200). To produce and maintain this power, however, it 'deploys a powerful police function against the new barbarians and the rebellious slaves who threaten its order' (p.20). Worse, it is parasitical in the sense that it is 'a mere apparatus of capture that lives only off the vitality of the multitude' (p.62). It is in a sense nothing but an economy of control.
History, for Hardt and Negri, is to be conceived as the succession of ways in which 'the multitude' is formed or 'adapted' literally as a function of the development of sovereign power; in other words, a form of class struggle with only one class which fights the amorphous power responsible for its constitution, government, and exploitation. Admittedly, it was always a problem for traditional marxism (and communism as well) to explain what political relations would actually express, once the struggle with the dominating power had been won.2 For Hardt and Negri, politics simply is the seemingly eternal struggle with the unfathomable power constituting us and dominating our life. They call this an 'immanent' view on politics, an oxymoronic conception of what we might call postpolitical politics. Keeping checks on the power(s) that be, through democratic processes or otherwise, or even challenging it through less ruly forms of resistance, is no longer on the Empire agenda. As Carl Schmitt proposed, politics is about resisting an enemy – but under our present circumstances we seem unable to establish either the identity or the locus of the enemy with any degree of certainty or conviction.
Such an analysis proposes a radical solution to the problem posed by the phrase "This is your captain speaking": there no longer is a captain speaking to us, and anyway authority has nothing to tell us. Speaking to us at present is 'Empire', an amorphous and ever expanding world-encompassing economic, social, and cultural system that is not answerable to any captain, nor is it in fact responsive to any natural language. Partly for this reason, we as citizens are losing our voice. We do not know whom to address. Even if we would know, we would be lost for a language to register our dissent.
However different they may be, Habermas's theory of communicative action, Foucault's genealogy of disciplinary society, and even Derrida's deconstruction of authority all still identify issues like normalization and exclusion as the most important political problem. At least in that sense, they all belong to the category of normative political theory. Empire, in contrast, primarily offers - or advocates - a new style of political thinking and (above all) feeling. It is no longer concerned either with the exclusion of otherness, or with forms of resistance against assimilation by dominant discourse. Hardt and Negri in fact reject normative political thinking, because they feel that all known strategies of resistance are already 'outflanked' by the strategies of power (p.138), just like modern corporate culture is able to immediately transform opposing forces, whether they be moderate or radical, into updates of effective management strategies. Instead of 'divide and conquer', we are now being governed through the strategies of 'incorporate, differentiate, manage' (p.201).
This sweeping view of the end of all normative political views might easily lead to desperation. Not for Hardt and Negri, however; to paraphrase the fin-de-siècle phrase, they find the situation desperate, but not alarming. In traditional anarchist mode, they consider a call to resist authority unnecessary, because the rejection of authority is 'natural'. Because resistance cannot occupy a critical outsiders position, it has to turn 'inside out'. 'If there is no longer a place that can be recognized as outside, we must be against in every place. This being-against becomes the essential key to every active political position in the world (...). Here we see once again the republican principle in the very first instance: desertion, exodus, and nomadism. Whereas in the disciplinary era sabotage was the fundamental notion of resistance, in the era of imperial control it may be desertion.' (p.211-212) Partly for this reason, according to Hardt and Negri we should aspire to 'mondial citizenship' (p.400). Not to express our maturity or responsibility, as Kant would have it, but for the more negative, Spinozist reason that we cannot be denied either the right to move, or the right to remain, wherever and whenever we feel to exercise it.
Their exotic (or perhaps quixotic) notion of resistance renders Hardt's and Negri's political perspective problematic. Being counter-establishment, or even subscribing to the Public Enemy political message ('You've gotta fight the powers that be!'), does not equal rejecting or fighting authority – both in the sense that such an attitude may be a mere aesthetical, or even cynical, gesture, and in the sense that political rebellion may well arise even without this attitude. The first point is probably the objection raised most often against Hardt and Negri (as well as against many other 'postmodernist' or 'cultural studies' views on politics). The notion that 'resistance is everywhere', evoked earlier by Michel Foucault, is normatively powerless – what to think for instance of resistance against democracy, or the rule of law? After all, these can just as well be considered 'regimes of power' to be contested, as the history of communism, fascism, and authoritariansim attest to. Political authority, even if functioning as part of 'Empire', may of course very well support valuable social and political goals, instead of merely being oppressive (whatever that means). The second point is a moral-psychological one. Studies in moral psychology for instance show that people can accept repression or submission for a long time, but are likely to rebel only when they feel to be treated unfairly or unjustly.3 In another vocabulary, they suffer not from oppression 'as such', but from the feeling that their person, or their contribution to society, is not sufficiently appreciated, or recognized.4 Therefore, even if Empire's diagnosis were correct, its proposed therapy probably would not follow.
This change of perspective is similar to that recommended by Axel Honneth with regard to the question how to appreciate the Dialektik der Aufklärung from a present-day perspective. Just like Empire, the famous book by Horkheimer and Adorno strikes present-day readers simultaneously as very convincing and very implausible.6 As Honneth explains, it is already difficult enough for any serious critical analysis of social injustice to explain whether its criterion for injustice is based on a hermeneutical or a rationalist point of view. In the case of the Dialektik der Aufklärung, the even more difficult claim needs to be substantiated that society is based on a false representation of the good life. Given contemporary value pluralism, and the lack of consensus on what human nature consists in, such a claim cannot rationally convince. Nevertheless, Honneth argues, they can be presented in such a way that they strike us as an adequate form of 'therapeutical self-criticism'. Rather like a flash of lightning, they present us with a shrill, sharp-etched, sobering view of our present society. Or, as Honneth puts it, they provide a 'pathology diagnosis' – a normative judgment on society that is not so much rationally justified as 'intentionally evoked'.
This, it seems to me, is the most promising way to approach the analysis unfolded in Empire. It may not convince us, but it does somehow strike us. It contains some important criticism about the way we are governed nowadays, and the kind of political experiences this produces. But even if Empire avails itself of the vocabulary of political theory, its diagnosis is not best understood in terms of this discipline. Rather, we should interpret it as a form of cultural criticism which challenges the ways in which dominant forms of political theory make certain experiences of political oppression or suffering fit the mold of dominant, liberal theory, thereby robbing these experiences of their voice and their authority.7
2. Empire and liberation theology
The second part of Castell's trilogy, The power of identity, implies a shift of perspective from objective, socio-economic analysis to a concern with individual experience and identity formation.9 He emphasizes, as does for instance Richard Sennett,10 that only the 'interacting' elite is able to organize their process of identity formation in the form of 'reflexively organized life-planning', as Anthony Giddens has called it. Other identities can no longer find an anchor in civil society, 'because there is no longer continuity between the logic of power-making in the global network and the logic of association and representation in specific societies and cultures' (p.11). The search for representation therefore takes place 'in the reconstruction of defensive identities around communal principles'; most social action 'becomes organized in the opposition between unidentified flows and secluded identities' (id.). In this logic, it is inevitable that identity politics 'grows from communal resistance' (id.).
Instead of moving beyond identity politics, the network society thus gives new meaning and relevance to identity politics, as witnessed in such phenomena as religious fundamentalism, nationalism, and ethnic identification (p.12). Like Hardt and Negri, Castells does not conceive moslim fundamentalism as traditionalist (p.16). Such an identity is not formed through a return to tradition, but rather by 'working on traditional materials in the formation of a new godly, communal world, where deprived masses and disaffected intellectuals may reconstruct meaning in a global alternative to the exclusionary global order' (p.20). Furthermore, 'through the negation of exclusion, even in the extreme form of self-sacrifice, a new Islamic identity emerges in the historical process of building the umma, the communal heaven for the true believers' (id.)
It seems to me that Empire underwrites and exemplifies both the diagnosis and the implications of Castells' account. It diagnoses the networked nature of today's global hegemonic institutions, while simultaneously itself constituting a theological-philosophical protest against it. Near the end of the book, Hardt and Negri openly refer to Augustine's De Civitate Dei, albeit that the suffering masses nowadays dwell 'on the imperial surfaces that lack both God the Father and transcendence' (p.396). Besides from globalization, the masses suffer from an unspecified 'corruption' or degeneration, formulated hypergenerally as a 'rupture of any determinate ontological relation (p.201-202). Hardt and Negri's answer here is 'immanent labor', the teleology of the masses consisting in 'the possibility of directing technologies and production toward its own joy and its own increase of power.' (p.396).


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International Publishing Group Future Acquires NewBay Media
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International media group Future plc has acquired NewBay Media for an initial net value of $13.8 million, the companies announced today.
NewBay Media, based in London and New York, is a magazine and website publisher, with multiple verticals covering fields like TV and audio, electronics and education, as well as magazines. Its entities include Music Week, Multichannel News and Broadcasting & Cable (B&C).
"This acquisition supports our strategy of growth organically and through acquisition, global expansion and revenue diversification," Zillah Byng-Thorne, CEO, Future, said in a statement.
Future's brands include TechRadar and PC Gamer. With its acquisition of NewBay and its entities increases, Future now controls more than 100 brands across events, online and print.
Future boasts that it reaches more than 100 million people globally, with 62 million online users and a social media reach of 63 million.
Executives will hold meetings with NewBay staffers over the coming days to get an understanding of their day to day, but there are no set plans to make changes to staffing or titles, Future CFO Penny Ladkin-Brand said.
According to an industry source, the senior management team at NewBay will remain in place, including CEO Steve Palm.
"For now, we're on the mission to learn and we'll be operating business as usual, but welcoming all the staff into the Future family," she said.
Ladkin-Brand said Future had been in talks with NewBay for a "couple of years," and that it felt like a "complementary fit to the business."
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Both the Camaro and the 4 Series Coupe have standard driver and passenger frontal airbags, front side-impact airbags, driver and front passenger knee airbags, side-impact head airbags, front seatbelt pretensioners, four-wheel antilock brakes, traction control, electronic stability systems to prevent skidding, daytime running lights, rearview cameras, available collision warning systems, blind spot warning systems, rear parking sensors and rear cross-path warning.
Chevrolet's powertrain warranty covers the Camaro 1 year and 10,000 miles longer than BMW covers the 4 Series Coupe. Any repair needed on the engine, transmission, axles, joints or driveshafts is fully covered for 5 years or 60,000 miles. Coverage on the 4 Series Coupe ends after only 4 years or 50,000 miles.
There are over 8 times as many Chevrolet dealers as there are BMW dealers, which makes it much easier should you ever need service under the Camaro's warranty.
J.D. Power and Associates' 2020 Initial Quality Study of new car owners surveyed provide the statistics that show that Chevrolet vehicles are better in initial quality than BMW vehicles. J.D. Power ranks Chevrolet third in initial quality, above the industry average. With 35 more problems per 100 vehicles, BMW is ranked 18th, below the industry average.
J.D. Power and Associates' 2019 survey of the owners of three-year-old vehicles provides the long-term dependability statistics that show that Chevrolet vehicles are more reliable than BMW vehicles. J.D. Power ranks Chevrolet fourth in reliability, above the industry average. With 7 more problems per 100 vehicles, BMW is ranked 7th.
The Camaro has more powerful engines than the 4 Series Coupe:
Camaro 2.0 turbo 4-cylinder
295 lbs.-ft.
Camaro 3.6 DOHC V6
284 lbs.-ft.
Camaro LT1/SS 6.2 V8
455 lbs.-ft.
Camaro ZL1 6.2 supercharged V8
650 lbs.-ft.
430i Coupe 2.0 turbo 4-cylinder
258 lbs.-ft.
440i Coupe 3.0 turbo 6-cylinder
330 lbs.-ft.
An engine control system that can shut down some of the engine's cylinders helps improve the Camaro V6/V8 Auto's fuel efficiency. The 4 Series Coupe doesn't offer a system that can shut down part of the engine.
To lower fuel costs and make buying fuel easier, the Chevrolet Camaro uses regular unleaded gasoline (premium recommended with the 2.0 turbo 4-cylinder engine for maximum performance). The 4 Series Coupe requires premium, which can cost 20 to 55 cents more per gallon.
The Camaro has 3.2 gallons more fuel capacity than the 4 Series Coupe (19 vs. 15.8 gallons), for longer range between fill-ups.
The Camaro has a standard cap-less fueling system. The fuel filler is automatically opened when the fuel nozzle is inserted and automatically closed when it's removed. This eliminates the need to unscrew and replace the cap and it reduces fuel evaporation, which causes pollution. The 4 Series Coupe doesn't offer a cap-less fueling system.
A 10-speed automatic is available on the Chevrolet Camaro, for better acceleration and lower engine speed on the highway. Only an eight-speed automatic is available for the 4 Series Coupe.
To facilitate fast shifting and allow the driver to focus on the road, the Camaro offers an optional up-shift light to indicate when the engine is approaching redline. The 4 Series Coupe doesn't offer an up-shift light.
The Camaro (except LS/LT)'s optional launch control uses engine electronics to hold engine RPM's precisely in order to provide the most stable and rapid acceleration possible, using all of the available traction. The 4 Series Coupe doesn't offer launch control.
The Chevrolet Camaro V8 manual has a downshift rev synchronizer that automatically raises engine speed to make downshifts perfectly smooth. This keeps the car from lurching during downshifts, preventing loss of control during cornering. The 4 Series Coupe doesn't offer a downshift rev synchronizer.
For better stopping power the Camaro's brake rotors are larger than those on the 4 Series Coupe:
Camaro LS/LT
Camaro ZL1
430i Coupe
440i Coupe M Sport
Front Rotors
12.6 inches
15.35 inches
12.3 inches
14.6 inches
Rear Rotors
12.4 inches
14.4 inches
11.8 inches
13.6 inches
The Camaro stops much shorter than the 4 Series Coupe:
4 Series Coupe
70 to 0 MPH
137 feet
170 feet
Car and Driver
60 to 0 MPH
91 feet
109 feet
Motor Trend
For better traction, the Camaro has larger standard tires than the 4 Series Coupe (245/50R18 vs. 225/45R18). The Camaro ZL1 1LE Coupe's tires are larger than the largest tires available on the 4 Series Coupe (F:305/30R19 & R:325/30R19 vs. F:225/40R19 & R:255/35R19).
The Camaro SS 1LE/ZL1's tires provide better handling because they have a lower 30 series profile (height to width ratio) that provides a stiffer sidewall than the 440i Coupe's optional 40 series front and 35 series rear tires.
For better ride, handling and brake cooling the Camaro offers optional 20-inch wheels. The 4 Series Coupe's largest wheels are only 19-inches.
The Camaro has a standard easy tire fill system. When inflating the tires, the vehicle's integrated tire pressure sensors keep track of the pressure as the tires fill and tell the driver when the tires are inflated to the proper pressure. The 4 Series Coupe doesn't offer vehicle monitored tire inflation.
For better handling and stability, the average track (width between the wheels) on the Camaro is 2.4 inches wider in the front and .1 inches wider in the rear than the track on the 4 Series Coupe.
The Camaro ZL1 1LE Coupe handles at 1.18 G's, while the 430i Coupe pulls only .89 G's of cornering force in a Car and Driver skidpad test.
The Camaro SS Coupe executes Motor Trend's "Figure Eight" maneuver 2.7 seconds quicker than the 430i Coupe (22.9 seconds @ .91 average G's vs. 25.6 seconds @ .72 average G's).
The Chevrolet Camaro may be more efficient, handle and accelerate better because it weighs up to about 200 pounds less than the BMW 4 Series Coupe.
The Camaro Coupe has 3 cubic feet more passenger volume than the 4 Series Coupe (93 vs. 90).
The Camaro Auto has a standard remote vehicle starting system, so the vehicle can be started from inside the driver's house. This allows the driver to comfortably warm up the engine before going out to the vehicle. The climate system will also automatically heat or cool the interior. The 4 Series Coupe doesn't offer a remote starting system.
The Camaro (except LS/LT1)'s optional easy entry system glides the driver's seat back when the door is unlocked or the ignition is switched off, making it easier for the driver to get in and out. The 4 Series Coupe doesn't offer an easy entry system.
The Camaro's instruments include an oil pressure gauge and a temperature gauge - which could save your engine! Often 'idiot lights' don't warn you until damage has been done. The 4 Series Coupe does not have an oil pressure gauge.
The Camaro's power parking brake sets with one touch and releases with one touch or automatically. The 4 Series Coupe has a lever-type parking brake that has to be strenuously raised to engage properly. It has to be lifted up more and a button depressed to release it.
To shield the driver and front passenger's vision over a larger portion of the windshield and side windows, the Camaro has standard extendable sun visors. The 4 Series Coupe doesn't offer extendable visors.
Optional air-conditioned seats in the Camaro (except LS/LT1) keep the driver and front passenger comfortable and take the sting out of hot seats in Summer. The 4 Series Coupe doesn't offer air-conditioned seats.
The Chevrolet Camaro comes in coupe and convertible bodystyles; the BMW old 4 Series isn't available as a convertible.
According to The Car Book by Jack Gillis, the Camaro is less expensive to operate than the 4 Series Coupe because typical repairs cost much less on the Camaro than the 4 Series Coupe, including $330 less for a water pump, $19 less for a muffler, $300 less for a starter, $115 less for fuel injection, $306 less for front struts, $513 less for a timing belt/chain and $219 less for a power steering pump.
J.D. Power and Associates rated the Camaro second among midsize sporty cars in owner reported satisfaction. This includes how well the vehicle performs and satisfies its owner's expectations. The 4 Series Coupe isn't in the top three in its category.
The Camaro was chosen as one of Car and Driver's "Top Ten" for 3 of the last 5 years. The 4 Series Coupe hasn't been picked since 2014.
Motor Trend selected the Camaro as their 2016 Car of the Year. The 4 Series Coupe has never been chosen.
The Chevrolet Camaro outsold the BMW 4 Series by almost three to one during 2019.
© 1991-2018 Advanta-STAR Automotive Research. All rights reserved.
Get the best value for your car from an Asbury dealership.


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Dar Residence
This 5 Kanal farmhouse was designed with a contemporary Moroccan fusion influence in mind. Boasting generous open, semi-open spaces and courtyards showcasing plenty of sprawling lawn views along with luxurious outdoor water features, deep teal swimming pool and dramatic lighting. The interior is pure modern luxe, carrying black and gold accents and pristine white marble floors


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15 Cute Origami Dollar Bill
December 19, 2018 | Arts, Photogarphy | No Comments|
Origami is a Japanese art kind where documents are utilized to make various shapes and figures of various things. If you are interested to understand about this you can take a look at various websites. Some links depict various kinds of origami and there is a special thing that is available in to the circumstance. Some artists have actually utilized the dollar keeps in mind to make various origami and if you have interest in various kinds figures and shapes which are made from paper, you can take a look at the link. Here you are likelying to discover the procedure of altering kinds of origami. So look out for Highly genuine dollar heart origami you always needed.
Full Images: BoredPanda.com


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Self-Injury Support Group
Whether you or someone you know or love struggles with self-injury, this is the community to discuss your experience, find support, meet others going through the same, and get advice on how to stop. Working together, we can help find alternative coping skills to reduce the urge to self-harm.
0 Online
HELP....someone may find out soon...how do i tell?
i wnet alittle crazy the other night[cause of my eating disoder and axiety] anf instead of cutting on my upper leg likke i usally do, i cutt my arm upp reallyreally badly..no one knows bout any of the things in going thour or doing to myself rtie now..but my parents started to question why i'm wearing long sleeves and sweatshirts in the 90 degree weather we're haveing..the cuts are almost completely healed but not quiet finshed...i dont want them to know but i want to tell so im not "cornered" and forced to tell...i dont recacted well in those kinda situations...how do i tell??
I don't really have advice because I would die if my parents found out I was cutting again.
But I just wanted to let you know that I can relate to where you are coming from. Hopefully they won't notice and you can ride out the heat until they are healed.
But I just wanted to let you know that I can relate to where you are coming from. Hopefully they won't notice and you can ride out the heat until they are healed.
I think that if you really want to tell them then you should sit down with them and tell them why you cut and how you feel. I want to do the same with my mom and my dad but I know they would freak out..im not saying your family will freak out but my family just isnt very good at understanding things. I was bulemic for a while and i havent been eating much this month and i cut too. I know how you feel so if you want to talk..im here.
I always cut my arms and to tell you the truth i dont hide it anymore. People can think what they like. Cutting keeps my head together i dont know what i would do without it. I get scared sometimes because i can feel myself tensing up really wired up i go numb cant think straight and then i have to cut. Dont think about what i am doing i just know that feeling of calm comes over me. I know how you feel with your parents, when my dad saw my arms the first time he said i was weird that i needed serious help and he was right but not the sort he could give. Parents dont understand infact nobody understands why we cut i just think they get upset because we are hurting ourselves. I dont know what you should do wish i did, sorry.
What kind of parents do you have? That makes a very big difference. Are they open minded, leniant, strict, etc?
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The Value of Land
Prosperous lands and positive rewards through sustainable land management
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit | 2015
Overall the ELD Initiative provides a holistic perspective on solutions to sustainable land management through economically viable and optimal scenarios. In doing so, it is drawing from other disciplinary perspectives and practitioners' knowledge to ensure successful adoption, while creating and maintaining a nexus of knowledge available to anyone. This report, as well as the parallel ELD Initiative reports to the private sector and policy-/decision-makers (also being released in late 2015), serves as a foundation for a collective path forward to increase investments in improved land management and land degradation neutrality, through economic insights and realities, grounded in a comprehensive compendium of knowledge on the topic. Based on this broader understanding of movements toward corrective actions on a variety of land issues, this report forms the core of the ELD Initiative's knowledge outputs as it pertains to the economics of land degradation and sustainable land management. This report is structured to provide an overview of the economics of land degradation and the benefits of sustainable land management.


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Partners Basileus V
The Basileus III project has a consortium of 20 partner universities: 10 universities from the EU and 10 universities from the Western Balkans. The consortium includes also 8 associate partners.
The project is managed by a Project Coordination Team, which consists of staff members of all partner universities' International Relations Offices. In every university there is a Local Management Team with representatives of the university management, of the International Relations Office and of the academic staff members. They will coordinate the project within their own university and are also responsible for the selection procedure at that university. They report to the Project Coordination Team.


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Globalization and Language
Globalization is the process of something becoming global, being transformed from a local or regional phenomena into a global one. With globalization, there is a movement of people coming together, unifying into a single society and functioning together. This process is not only an economic one, but also affects the technologies, politics, and cultures of the entire world. It is facilitated by the media of communications. Through radio and satellite information, we can reach the entire globe almost instantly; important events, or those deemed important by the people controlling the media, are broadcast around the world. This rapid flow of information around the earth is the globalization of knowledge, which is generally a good thing. However, with globalization there is the fear of homogenization when it comes to local cultures and customs. With popular culture being broadcast everywhere and imitated, the entire world is slowly starting to look, sound, smell, and even taste the same, no matter where you travel. This effect of globalization is commonly seen as a negative consequence of the modern world.
Since the sharing of information is an integral part of globalization, the language or languages this information is transmitted in is fundamental to the process. Currently, experts believe there are around 6,500 languages in use today. Out of those, however, only 11 languages account for more than half of what the world's population speaks daily. Those languages include Mandarin Chinese, Spanish, Hindi, French, Bengali, Portuguese, Russian, German, Japanese, Arabic, and English. On the flip side, it is believed that more than half of the world's languages have fewer than 5,000 people currently speaking it, and on average one language is lost every two weeks. Since language is one of the major signifiers and connecting factors of a culture, it can be inferred by just looking at these statistics that so many languages being lost and barely used is an indicator of the loss of those cultures as well.
It is easy to see that with globalization, imported cultures can push out the indigenous ones- wiping out the smaller cultures and languages while homogenizing the local linguistic varieties. A good example of this is Canada. When the area was first colonized in the early 1600s, there were over 60 active languages being spoken. Now however, apart from the domination of English and French, only one native language has succeeded somewhat in staying alive: Inuktitut, spoken in the Northern regions of Canada by approximately 35,000 Inuits. Extreme examples such as this, however, are due to a very forced kind of globalization whereby the new culture has taken over and, in many cases, purposely wiped out the native customs. Left to its own devices, though, similar results will occur, just over a longer period of time.
There is evidence, on the other hand, that this theory of linguistic homogenization may not be the case. Recently, steps have been taken to help preserve those minority languages that are at risk of being lost like so many already have. The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML), for example, is a treaty adopted in 1992 under the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe, applying only to those languages traditionally used by the nationals of the specific country, thereby excluding languages used by recent immigrants. These protected languages cannot be merely local dialects of the official or majority languages, though, and must either have a territorial basis, traditionally spoken by populations of regions within the State, or be used by linguistic minorities within the State as a whole, thus including languages such as Yiddish and Romani which are used over a large geographic area including multiple countries. The treaty sets out a number of specific measures to promote minority languages...
Cited: Amaladoss, Michael. "Global Homogenization" .
Dubner, Stephen J. "What Will Globalization Do to Languages?" The New York Times, May 28, 2008.
Hoelzgen, Joachim. "Language Nerds to Tackle Globalization" Spiegel Online, June 4, 2008.
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Tourist destination in Vietnam
Mysterious Cham towers in Binh Dinh
Đăng lúc: 05-07-2019 09:22:07 AM - Đã xem: 555
The Cham Tower (Vietnamese: tháp chàm) relics are still in Binh Dinh province, which are unique cultural heritages that not only attract researchers but also attract tourists who have the opportunity to visit Binh Dinh.
What to Do in Hanoi Old Quarter Vietnam
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Hanoi Old Quarter is the best travel destination in Hanoi city Vietnam. Go on the way joyfully, and if you're questioning what to do in Hanoi Old Quarter
Check out Sapa Town in October 2018 in Photos
Đăng lúc: 31-10-2018 04:48:27 PM - Đã xem: 1196
Sapa Town is one of the best travel destination in North Vietnam. In October 2018, Sapa opens many attractive tourist services: cable car, train, Fansipan legend ...
The art of Bai Choi in Hoi An old Town, Vietnam
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Bai choi is a type of folk art and folk game popular in Central Vietnam, particularly in Quang Nam province. Bai choi has played an important role in Hoi An residents' spiritual life for centuries.
Video Danang International Fireworks Festival on 02/06/2018
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Team Martarello from Italy and Team Vulcan Display Fireworks from Hong Kogn battled out at the event's third match in Danang International Fireworks Festival On 02/06/2018


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Measuring precipitation remotely is still a challenge, but yet important to understand Earth processes. For example, snowfall is crucial for the water cycle and an important component of the climate system, particularly in high latitudes.
To shed new light on precipitation in the Arctic and to explore a possible new measuring technique that could be used from space, scientists travelled to Iqaluit in Canada to carry out a radar snow experiment. The basic idea was to use multiple airborne sensors simultaneously, to disentangle the components of complex cloud and precipitation processes.
A team from the National Research Council (NRC) and Environmental Climate Change Canada (ECCC) spent several months preparing before the start of the campaign in November 2018. Iqaluit is home to one of ECCC's Arctic Weather Science supersites, which is equipped with an extensive array of in-situ and remote-sensing sensors.
The scientists used a Convair 580 aircraft equipped with a range of sensors, including several radars and lidars. While flying, these instruments could be used to measure cloud particles and precipitation by monitoring how radar and lidar pulses bounced off ice crystals and water droplets.
On route from Ottawa to Iqaluit, the plane was also used to measure high cirrus clouds and low-level mixed-phase clouds.
With temperatures dropping to –30° C overnight, the crew did a great job heating the aircraft so that the instruments didn't freeze while the plane was on the ground. The morning of the first campaign flight was very cold and windy, but everyone got started and the team were able to sample a band of rain that was part of a deep depression in the area.
The team sampled the band of rain was various altitudes and collected a unique and rich dataset of the weather system. Back at the airport, Iqaluit welcomed the team with high winds making the temperatures drop to a bitter –44° C. Again the crew did a great job securing the aircraft and all instruments.
Over the following two weeks, the aircraft flew two flights along NASA's Global Precipitation Measurement satellite track, one flight along NASA's CloudSat track and one flight along ESA's Aeolus satellite track.
The campaign also provides guidance for a future precipitation study called RainCast, which started in January 2019. The RainCast study will exploit the measurements taken and explore future satellite mission concepts focusing on enhancing the current capability in snow and high-latitude precipitation.
Post from: Dirk Schuettemeyer (ESA Campaign Coordinator) & Mengistu Wolde (NRC)


text: Poynters Coaches are supporting Northamptonshire based women's Roller Derby team 'The Vendetta Vixens' by providing executive coach travel to their competitions in the Heartland Series which is the largest women's roller derby intraleague in the country! Roller Derby involves hard hitting, strategic planning, commitment on and off track, mixed in with quad roller skating at speed. Poynters Coaches are proud to help the Vendetta Vixens get to all of their games this season by offering them great service and prices


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Words by @LeeArnoldMWF
If pillows were puppies, this one would be the runt of the litter. There was no way of twisting it, smooshing it, or cramming it, to ease the steadily throbbing pain in my head. No, this hard head needed a softer touch, and on damp-ass nights like this one, there ain't nothing soft. It's all just a swamp of muck.
This damned room even has a humidity that'll make muck stick right to your skin. The room glowed red too. The neon Vacancy sign sat right outside the window whose curtain I left open, exposing this hot box to the perverted streets of this sleazy town.
If my boxers break agape as I sprawl on the bed in the throes of alcohol withdrawal and someone sees my toolbox, that's fine by me. Those cretins can stand there giving me the fisheye all night, but it's of no concern to me.
That's how I got here in this hell-hole of a motel room, feeling around on the floor for the half bottle of Mogen David orange I remember having before taking my nap.
I took a swig.
Just my luck, Mogen David orange and cigarette butt, and my last cigarette at that.
With no relief in sight, I turned on the television hoping it would numb the pain in my head.
There were guys in nice suits, wearing hipster hats, armed with guns, and they weren't afraid to use them.
They shot snitches.
They shot bitches.
Some guys even shot coppers if they got in the way.
I was peering into the world of film noir, a film genre that dominated the action/dramas of the 40s and 50s.
Who can't love a character like Tim Foster, in Kansas City Confidential, who says something like, "What makes a two-bit heel like you think a heater would give him an edge over me?"
Classic film noir is the visual equivalent of the music of Roy Orbison, in that no matter what time of day it's experienced, it's going to feel like it's midnight.
These films go well with stout whiskey and a strong acigar.
No one whose existence is mired in the muck of third-rate motels gives a damn about consequences of hedonism.
LIke drunken Don Birnam said about drinking in Billy Wilder's The Lost Weekend, "It shrinks my liver, doesn't it, Nat? It pickles my kidneys, yeah. But what it does to the mind? It tosses the sandbags overboard so the balloon can soar. Suddenly I'm above the ordinary. I'm competent. I'm walking a tightrope over Niagara Falls. I'm one of the great ones. I'm Michaelangelo, molding the beard of Moses. I'm Van Gogh painting pure sunlight. I'm Horowitz, playing the Emperor Concerto. I'm John Barrymore before movies got him by the throat. I'm Jesse James and his two brothers, all three of them. I'm W. Shakespeare. And out there it's not Third Avenue any longer, it's the Nile. Nat, it's the Nile and down it moves the barge of Cleopatra."
I wish it was the Nile outside this room. Hell, I wish the Nile was in this room.
It reminds me of a conversation from Sunset Boulevard.
Betty Schaefer says, "Don't you sometimes hate yourself?"
To which, Joe Gillis replied, "Constantly."
Classic film noir was black and white in more ways than just one. When the genre grew in popularity, good guys and bad guys were most often clearly identifiable in the film. While this was still true in classic film noir, the stories were told along that gray line at the intersection of black and white. The good guys weren't always entirely good, and the bad guys weren't always going to rape and kill your family before killing you.
They focused on the things that motivate man, things like jealousy, lust, greed, gluttony, and the rest.
William Neff was a fast-rising superstar in the insurance business in the film Double Indemnity. Then he found himself under the charm of an anklet worn by a manipulative woman.
His career was over when he uttered the words, "Yes, I killed him. I killed him for money – and a woman – and I didn't get the money and I didn't get the woman. Pretty, isn't it?"
Film noir is about as pretty as this tiny-ass pillow sticking to the motel room wall like a spitwad on a special ed classroom whiteboard.
Give them a shot some time. Feel the darkness.
Disclaimer: Jeremy wants to make it clear the views expressed here are not his own, but that of someone he met online whose views might be completely different. Roxy is indifferent about the content altogether unless her name is mentioned somewhere in it. Acid Pop Cult itself does not necessarily support these views either. Lee's on his own with this shit.


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rare plants - fragrant flowers - exotic fruit
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|Combretum sp.
Family: Combretaceae
Flame Creeper, Burning Bush
Origin: Tropical Africa
Combretum is a robust, deciduous climber, sometimes a scrambling shrub or small tree. Masses of small flowers with bright red petals and long stamens form massed sprays which festoon the branches for about three weeks in spring. The oval leaves are 13-60mm long and 13-50mm wide. The fruit is 4-winged, green tinged with red or pink when young, drying to pale yellowish brown. Combretums have adapted to wind dispersal by developing a wing-like fruit structure that can carry the seed with the help of air currents or wind.
Allow it to grow up a fence or strong pergola or even to tumble down a north facing bank or grow into a large tree. Without support it will form a large rambling and spreading shrub. Grow in a protected position in a frost-prone area in light, well-drained soil enriched with compost. Water particularly well in Summer, but can withstand drought well. Prune hard if necessary to keep under control. Propagated from seed.
Species and varieties:
Combretum engleri
Combretum hereroense
Combretum imberbe
Combretum krausii
Combretum latifolia
Combretum molle
Combretum paniculatum
Combretum vendae
Combretum zeyheri
Similar plants:
Combretum hereroense
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Hi There! Is this Your First Time?
Did you know if you Register you have access to free search tools including the ability to save listings and property searches? Did you know that you can bypass the search altogether and have listings sent directly to your email address? Check out our how-to page for more info.
- Price$435,000
- Beds4
- Baths3
- Sq. Ft.2,354
- Acres1.20
- Built2020
18176 Gadwall Cove, College Station
New Construction Home in Duck Haven! This new builder home will have 4 bedrooms, 2 1/2 baths, family room w/fireplace, spacious kitchen with island and covered back porch. Call for more details and builder spec sheet!
Essential Information
- Price$435,000
- Bedrooms4
- Bathrooms2.50
- Full Baths2
- Half Baths1
- Square Footage2,354
- Acres1.20
- Year Built2020
- TypeResidential
- Sub-TypeNew Builder Home
- StyleTraditional
- StatusActive
- UtilitiesAerobic Septic on site, Elec Hot Water Heater, Telephone In Area
- # of Garages2
- GaragesAttached Garage
- ExteriorBrick, Hardi Plank, Stone
- Exterior FeaturesCovered Patio
- Lot DescriptionMedium Trees, Small Trees
- RoofComposition, Shingle
- ConstructionBrick, Hardi Plank, Stone
- FoundationSlab
Additional Information
- HOA Fees59
- HOA Fees Freq.Month
Community Information
- Address18176 Gadwall Cove
- Area112
- SubdivisionDuck Haven Ph 9, Block 10, Lot 2
- CityCollege Station
- CountyBrazos
- StateTX
- Zip Code77845-6466
- InteriorCarpet, Tile, Wood
- Interior FeaturesBlinds/Shades, Ceiling Fan, Garage Door Opener, Raised Ceiling
- AppliancesBuilt-In Dishwsh, Built-In Oven-Electric, Garbage Disposal, Island, Microwave Oven, Pantry, Vent Fan, Walk-in Pantry
- HeatingCentral Electric, Heat Pump
- CoolingCeiling Fan, Central Electric
- FireplaceYes
- FireplacesGas Started, Wood Burning
- StoriesOne Story
School Information
- DistrictCollege Station
Listing Details
- Listing Agent:Gwen Smith
- Listing Office:Tm5 Properties
The information being provided is for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. The data is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed accurate by the MLS.
Listing information is provided by Bryan-College Station Regional MLS.


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2020 –
M. Vyshnepolsky, P. Tesarik, Z.B. Ding, M. Maestri, K. Morgenstern, A sub-nanoscale view on surface poisoning during femtochemical CO2 dissociation, 2020, submitted
M. Bracconi, M. Ambrosetti, M. Maestri, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, Analysis of the effective thermal conductivity of isotropic and anisotropic Periodic Open Cellular Structures for the intensification of catalytic processes, 2020, submitted
M. Bracconi and M. Maestri, "Training set design for Machine Learning techniques applied to the approximation of computationally intensive first principles kinetic models", Chemical Engineering Journal, 400 (2020) 125469
R. Cheula, M. Maestri, G. Mpourmpakis, "Modeling morphology and catalytic activity of nanoparticle ensembles under reaction conditions", ACS Catalysis, 10 (2020) 6149 (cover)
A. Donazzi, G. Cordaro, A. Baricci, Z.B. Ding, M. Maestri, A detailed kinetic model for the reduction of oxygen on LSCF-GDC composite cathodes, Electrochimica Acta, 335 (2020) 135620
P. Desir, T.Y. Chen, M. Bracconi, M. Maestri, D.G. Vlachos, "Experiments and Computations of Microfluidic Liquid-Liquid Flow Patterns", Reaction Chemistry & Engineering, 5 (2020) 539 (back cover)
M. Ambrosetti, M. Bracconi, M. Maestri, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, "Packed foams for the intensification of catalytic processes: assessment of packing efficiency and pressure drop using a combined experimental and numerical approach", Chemical Engineering Journal, 382 (2020) 122801
R. Uglietti, M. Bracconi, M. Maestri, "Development and assessment of speed-up algorithms for the reactive CFD-DEM simulation of fluidized bed reactors", Reaction Chemistry & Engineering, 5 (2020) 278 (inside front cover)
2019 –
Z.B. Ding and M. Maestri, "Development and assessment of a criterion for the application of Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi relations for dissociation catalytic reactions at surfaces", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 58 (2019) 9864
Z.B. Ding, M. Tommasini, and M. Maestri, "A Topological Model for predicting the Adsorption Energies of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Late-Transition Metal Surfaces", Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, 4 (2019) 410
Z. B. Ding, E. Di Marco, M. Pelucchi, T. Faravelli, M. Maestri, First-principles assessment of the analogy between gas phase and gas-solid H-abstraction reactions at graphene edges, 2018, Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019 (2019) 19691
2018 –
M. Bracconi, M. Ambrosetti, O. Okafor, V. Sans, X. Zhang, Xiaoxia Ou, C. Pereira Da Fonte, X. Fan, M. Maestri, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, "Investigation of pressure drop in 3D replicated open-cell foams: coupling CFD with experimental data on additively manufactured foams", Chemical Engineering Journal, in press, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.10.060
M. Bracconi, M. Ambrosetti, M. Maestri, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, A fundamental investigation of gas/solid mass transfer in open-cell foams using a combined experimental and CFD approach, Chemical Engineering Journal, 352 (2018) 558-571
M. Maestri and E. Iglesia, First-principles theoretical assessment of catalysis by confinement: NO-O2 reactions within voids of molecular dimensions in siliceous crystalline frameworks, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 20 (2018) 15725-15735
S. Rebughini, M. Bracconi, A.G. Dixon, M. Maestri, A hierarchical approach to chemical reactor engineering: an application to micro packed-bed reactors, Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, 2 (2018) 25-33 (inside front cover)
M. Bracconi, M. Ambrosetti, M. Maestri, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, A fundamental analysis of the influence of the geometrical properties on the effective thermal conductivity of open-cell foams, Chemical Engineering & Processing: Process Intensification, 129 (2018) 181-189
R. Cheula, A. Soon, M. Maestri, Prediction of morphological changes of catalyst materials in reacting conditions by combined ab initio thermodynamics and microkinetic modeling, Catalysis Science and Technology, 8 (2018) 3493 (inside front cover – hot article 2018)
R. Uglietti, M. Bracconi, M. Maestri, Coupling CFD-DEM and microkinetic modeling of surface chemistry for the simulation of catalytic fluidized systems, Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, 3 (2018) 527-539
2017 –
S. Rebughini, A. Cuoci, A. G. Dixon, M. Maestri, Cell agglomeration algorithm for coupling microkinetic modeling and steady-state CFD simulations of catalytic reactors, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 97 (2017) 175-182
M. Bracconi, A. Cuoci, M. Maestri, In-situ adaptive tabulation for the CFD simulation of heterogeneous reactors based on operator-splitting algorithm, AIChE Journal, 63 (2017) 95-104
M. Maestri, Structure-dependent microkinetic modeling: Towards the nano-engineering of heterogeneous catalytic processes, Chemistry Today, 35 (2017) 52-53
M. Bracconi, M. Ambrosetti, M. Maestri, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, A systematic procedure for the virtual reconstruction of open-cell foams, Chemical Engineering Journal, 315 (2017) 608-620
M. Maestri, Escaping the trap of complication and complexity in multiscale microkinetic modelling of heterogeneous catalytic processes, ChemComm, 53 (2017) 10244-10254
Z.B. Ding, M. Tommasini, M. Maestri, First-principles simulation of Raman spectra of adsorbates on metal surfaces, ChemPlusChem, 82 (2017) 924-932
A. Maghsoumi, A. Ravanelli, F. Consonni, F. Nanni, A. Lucotti, M. Tommasini, A. Donazzi, and M. Maestri, Design and testing of an operando-Raman annular reactor for kinetic studies in heterogeneous catalysis, Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, 2 (2017) 908 – 918
2016 –
T. Maffei, G. Gentile, S. Rebughini, F. Manelli, S. Lipp, A. Cuoci, M. Maestri, A multiregion operator-splitting CFD approach for coupling microkinetic modeling with internal porous transport in heterogeneous catalytic reactors, Chemical Engineering Journal, 283 (2016) 1392-1404
S. Rebughini, A. Cuoci, M. Maestri, Handling Contact Points in Reactive CFD Simulations of Heterogeneous Catalytic Fixed Bed Reactors, Chemical Engineering Science, 141 (2016) 240-249
A. Donazzi, M. Rahmanipour, M. Maestri, G. Groppi, L. Bardini, A. Pappacena, M. Boaro, Experimental and model analysis of the co-oxidative behavior of syngas feed in an Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Journal of Power Sources, 306 (2016) 467-480
S. Rebughini, A. Cuoci, M. Maestri, Hierarchical analysis of the gas-to-particle heat and mass transfer in micro packed bed reactors, Chemical Engineering Journal, 289 (2016) 471–478
A. Donazzi, M. Maestri, G. Groppi, A multistep model for the kinetic analysis of the impedance spectra of a novel mixed ionic and electronic conducting cathode, Electrochimica Acta, 222 (2016) 1029-1044
2015 –
L. Dietz, S. Piccinin, M. Maestri, First-principles assessment of CO2 activation pathways over metal catalysts, 2015, J. Phys. Chem. C, 119 (2015) 959–4966
F. Karst, M. Maestri, H. Freund, K. Sundmacher, Reduction of Microkinetic Reaction Models for Reactor Optimization exemplified for Hydrogen Production from Methane, Chemical Engineering Journal, 281 (2015) 981-994
2014 –
D. Pagani, D. Livio, A. Donazzi, M. Maestri, A. Beretta, G. Groppi, and P. Forzatti, A kinetic investigation of the Catalytic Partial Oxidation of propylene over a Rh/Al2O3 catalyst, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 53 (2014) 1804–1815
M. Maestri, D. Livio, A. Beretta, G. Groppi, Hierarchical refinement of complex microkinetic models: assessment of the role of WGS and r-WGS pathways in CH4 Partial Oxidation on Rh, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 53 (2014) 10914-10928
T. Maffei, S. Rebughini, G. Gentile, S. Lipp, A. Cuoci and M. Maestri, CFD Analysis of the Channel Shape Effect in Monolith Catalysts for the CH4 Partial Oxidation on Rh, Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 86 (2014) 1099-1106
S. Matera, M. Maestri, A. Cuoci, K. Reuter, Coupling kinetic Monte Carlo simulations and CFD in heterogeneous catalysis, ACS Catalysis, 4 (2014) 4081–4092
F. Karst, H.J. Freund, M. Maestri, K. Sundmacher, Multiscale Chemical Process Design Exemplified for a PEM Fuel Cell Process, Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 86 (2014) 2075–2088
2013 –
M. Maestri and A. Cuoci, Coupling CFD with detailed microkinetic modeling in heterogeneous catalysis, Chemical Engineering Science, 96 (2013) 106-117
2012 –
M. Maestri, K. Reuter, Molecular-level understanding of WGS and reverse WGS reactions on Rh through hierarchical multiscale approach, Chemical Engineering Science, 74 (2012) 296-299
D. Pagani, D. Livio, A. Donazzi, A. Beretta, G. Groppi, M. Maestri, E. Tronconi, A kinetic analysis of the partial oxidation of propane over a 2% Rh/Al2O3 catalyst in annular microreactor, Catalysis Today, 197 (2012) 266-280
2011 –
A. Donazzi, M. Maestri, A. Beretta, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, P. Forzatti, Microkinetic analysis of CH4-CPO tests with CO2-diluted feed streams, Applied Catalysis A: General, 391 (2011) 350 – 359
M. Maestri and K. Reuter, Semi-empirical rate constants for complex chemical kinetics: first principles assessment and rational refinement, Angewandte Chemie Int. Ed., 50 (2011) 1194 – 1197
A. Donazzi, D. Livio, M. Maestri, A. Beretta, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, P. Forzatti, Synergy of homogenous and heterogeneous chemistry probed by in-situ spatially resolved measurements of temperature and composition, Angewandte Chemie Int. Ed., 50 (2011) 3943 – 3946
A. Beretta, A. Donazzi, D. Livio, M. Maestri, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, P. Forzatti, Optimal design of a CH4 CPO-reformer with honeycomb catalyst: combined effect of catalyst load and channel size, Catalysis Today, 171 (2011) 79 – 83
2010 –
A. Donazzi, M. Maestri, B.C. Micheal, A. Beretta, P. Forzatti, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, L.D. Schmidt, D.G. Vlachos, Microkinetic modeling of spatially resolved autothermal CH4 CPO experiments over Rh-coated foams, Journal of Catalysis, 275 (2010) 270 – 279
2009 –
G.D. Stefanidis, D.G. Vlachos, N.K. Kaisare, M. Maestri, Methane steam reforming at microscale: Operation strategies for variable power output at millisecond contact times, A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 55 (2009) 180-191
M. Maestri, D.G. Vlachos, A. Beretta, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, A C1 microkinetic model for the CH4 conversion to syngas on Rh, A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 55 (2009) 993 – 1008
M. Maestri, D.G. Vlachos, A. Beretta, P. Forzatti, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, Dominant reaction pathways in the catalytic partial oxidation of methane on Rh, Topics in Catalysis, 52 (2009) 1983 – 1988
2008 –
M. Maestri, A. Beretta, G. Groppi, T. Faravelli, E. Tronconi, D.G. Vlachos, Two-dimensional detailed modeling of H2 fuel rich combustion over Rh/Al2O3 catalyst, Chemical Engineering Science, 63 (2008) 2657-2669.
M. Maestri, D.G. Vlachos, A. Beretta, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, Steam and Dry Reforming of Methane on Rh: microkinetic analysis and hierarchy of kinetic models, Journal of Catalysis, 259 (2008) 211-222
2007 –
I. Tavazzi, A. Beretta, G. Groppi, M. Maestri, E. Tronconi, P. Forzatti, Experimental and modeling analysis of the effect of catalyst aging on the performance of a short contact time adiabatic CH4-CPO reactor, Catalysis Today, 129 (2007) 372–379.
I. Tavazzi, A. Beretta, G. Groppi, A. Donazzi, M. Maestri, E. Tronconi, P. Forzatti, Catalytic partial oxidation of CH4 and C3H8: experimental and modeling study of the dynamic and steady state behavior of a pilot-scale reformer, in Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 67 (2007) 319–324.
M. Maestri, A. Beretta, G. Groppi, T. Faravelli, E. Tronconi, Role of gas-phase chemistry in the rich combustion of H2 and CO over a Rh/Al2O3 catalyst in annular reactor, Chemical Engineering Science, 62 (2007) 4992–4997.
2006 –
I. Tavazzi, M. Maestri, A. Beretta, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, P. Forzatti, Steady state and transient analysis of a CH4 catalytic partial oxidation reformer, A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 52 (2006) 3234–3245.
2005 –
M. Maestri, A. Beretta, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, P. Forzatti, Comparison among structured and packed-bed reactors for the catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas, Catalysis Today, 105 (2005) 709–717.
M. Maestri, A. Beretta, G. Groppi, E. Tronconi, P. Forzatti, Modelling of fixed-bed reactors for the catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas: a comparison among structured and packed bed reactors, Chemical Engineering Transactions, S. Pierucci Editor, 6 (2005), 13–18, AIDIC, Milano, Italy. ISBN 88-900775-7-3.


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An ingrown toenail is something many of us have not-so-fond memories of at one point or another. If you have never had an ingrown toenail in your life to date, you are either very lucky or have the world's most perfect toenails!
Our toes often go through a lot on a day-to-day basis, getting shoved into shoes, stubbed against furniture, or improperly clipped.
All these little influences and injuries can sometimes affect the way the nail (most often on the biggest toe) grows. Instead of a straight path, the nail can start to force itself down into the skin along the side. The result is pain, redness, and inflammation.
A mild ingrown toenail can sometimes be managed at home, with some caveats (which we'll get to in a moment). However, there are several situations in which you should definitely come see us at our Myers Park or South Charlotte offices.
If you are facing any of the special situations we discuss here, never hesitate to reach out to us. In fact, you should never hesitate to contact us whenever you have any concerns whatsoever, no matter the degree!
When Does Your Ingrown Toenail Need to Be Seen by a Podiatrist?
It is far from improper to ask for help with an ingrown toenail problem. This is especially true if you are experiencing any of the following problems or situations:
Your Ingrown Toenail Does Not Improve After A few Days of Self-Care
You should start to see and feel some relief from an ingrown toenail after a couple days of home treatment. If you don't, that may indicate that a deeper or more stubborn problem is at hand, or at least one that requires more advanced treatment than you can provide at home.
Your Ingrown Toenail is Especially Painful
Intense pain can be sign of a complication or infection. Even if it is not, however, you should not have to mess around with your own foot when it's causing you agony! We have the tools and expertise to handle your ingrown toenail in a gentler, more comfortable, and frankly much faster manner, saving you plenty of pain and anxiety in the process.
Your Ingrown Toenail is Showing Signs of Infection
While intense pain can one sign of infection, it is not always a guarantee of it. Additional symptoms of a potential infection include:
- Redness that radiates and streaks away from the toe. The central area where this streaking comes out from may be lighter.
- Discharge of yellow or white pus from the area, or a buildup of it beneath the nail. (However, there may sometimes be some yellowish drainage in a standard, uninfected case. This is a normal response of your body, and this symptom alone may not be confirmation of an infection.)
- Swelling that seems excessive for an ingrown toenail.
- A fever, although this not a common immediate symptom.
An ingrown toenail that may be infected requires more than just standard care. You may need additional treatment to prevent more serious complications.
Your Ingrown Toenail Keeps Coming Back
Having an ingrown toenail every once in a great while can just be part of life. However, if you're getting consistent ingrown toenails, it's a sign that there's something more influencing your condition.
Perhaps your shoes are too tight and exerting too much pressure on your toes. Perhaps you are improperly trimming or damaging your toenails in a way that is causing them to become ingrown. In some cases, simple heredity might just make your toenails more prone to grow in a curved manner.
Whatever the reason, we can help you get to the root of it and find a solution. In some cases, this means a change in footwear or lifestyle. When the problem can't be helped externally, it might mean a minor surgical procedure to remove part of the nail.
The ultimate goal in any of these options is lasting relief.
You Are Living with Diabetes
The potential of diabetes to wreak havoc on the feet—even those that currently feel fine—is too great to let problems such as ingrown toenails go unchecked. Give us a call when you find an ingrown toenail, regardless of its severity.
How to Take Care of a Mild Ingrown Toenail at Home
If none of the above problems apply to you, then an attempt to treat your ingrown toenail at home—at your own risk—might be considered. However, here are those aforementioned caveats:
- Even in the best-case scenario, it may take a couple of days to start feeling better consistently. (Whereas office treatment offers immediate)
- Effectiveness rates are mixed, and there's a chance you could end up feeling even worse or developing that infection you hoped to avoid anyway. (Whereas office treatment enjoys extremely high rates of effectiveness and satisfaction, and early intervention is the absolute best way to avoid infection.)
Basically, we don't really recommend it, period. We'd much rather encourage you to come visit us and get your problem fixed quickly and easily, and we don't want to encourage you to do something that could end up hurting you. So, like we said, at your own risk.
Or in other words, let's answer the question originally posed by the title of this blog. When should you see a podiatrist for an ingrown toenail? The best answer to this question is always.
Still, if you're dead-set on trying to solve the problem at home first, follow this protocol for a couple days and see how things feel afterward:
- Fill a small tub with warm water (feel free to add a couple teaspoons of Epsom salt, if you wish). Soak your feet for 15-20 minutes to help relieve pain and soften the nail tissue.
- Apply antibiotic cream, then an adhesive bandage to the toe.
Remember: if you don't see improvement after a few days, give us a call! (Or just give us a call right away.)
Why are we even bothering to tell you this if we don't recommend it in the first place? Well, in short, if you decide to take matters in your own hands, we'd rather you take a course of action that at least has some chance of success without dramatically increasing the risk that you'll just make things worse.
Specifically, we're talking about more "aggressive" efforts at home care. Never ever try to cut out an ingrown toenail, cut notches into your toenail thinking it relieves pressure, or otherwise conduct "bathroom surgery" on yourself. These methods cause much more pain than they're worth, can increase your risk of infection, and just don't work that well to begin with.
Help for Skin and Nail Problems of All Stripes
From ingrown nails to fungus and anything else that is out of the ordinary, rely on Carmel Foot Specialists to help you clear up the problem and keep it from coming back.
As we said, the process is pretty simple and straightforward. Painless injection, remove the ingrown part of the toenail, and use a chemical agent to remove the warped part of the nail matrix causing your ingrown toenail in the first place. You're out the door on your own two feet, back to your regular activities within a couple of days, and the lifetime recurrence rate is less than 3 percent.
Does preventing weeks, months, or even years of suffering in just a couple of days sound good to you? We thought so.
Schedule an appointment by calling our Myers Park office at (704) 334-8682 or our South Charlotte office at (704) 542-8253.


text: Robertinho Silva (born 1941) is a Brazilian drummer known for jazz. His first album was "Musica Popular Brasileira" in 1981. He began his career with the band Som Imaginario with Zé Rodrix. He has played with many famous musicians including João Donato, Marcos Valle, Milton Nascimento, Gilberto Gil, Taiguara, Toninho Horta, Roberto Carlos… Read More


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Aerojet Rocketdyne achieved full-power during a critical preburner test series at NASA's Stennis Space Center earlier this month.
The test series successfully verified key preburner injector design parameters for the company's AR1 engine that is being designed to end use of Russian engines for national security space launches.
Aerojet Rocketdyne is a subsidiary of Aerojet Rocketdyne Holdings, Inc.
"We remain laser focused on the delivery of an AR1 engine in 2019. We are convinced our AR1 engine is the fastest, lowest cost, lowest risk way for the United States to guarantee assured access to space, proof of which is our successful preburner test," said Aerojet Rocketdyne CEO and President Eileen Drake. "The AR1 engine is the most advanced oxygen-rich, hydrocarbon engine in development in the United States."
Preburner testing is the latest AR1 program milestone achieved on the AR1 program and further demonstrates that the company has consistently met every milestone laid out in its plan since the program began in 2014. This testing is a continuation of earlier preburner testing at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and Aerojet Rocketdyne's Sacramento, Calif., location.


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Under Construction. The Maria model features 2,247 square feet of living space with 3 spacious bedrooms + den, 3 baths and a 2-car garage. The Owner's suite is graced with a desirable walk-in closet and spa-like bath with all of the relaxing touches. A second bedroom and a laundry room are right next door, an ideal family setup, with a third bedroom on the other side of the house, perfect for guests. The open and airy kitchen joins the family and dining rooms for a centralized gathering place. A den, located right off the main foyer entrance, can be a pleasant hideaway or hobby room. A large screened lanai has a summer kitchen for year-round entertaining in breezy comfort plus heated pool & spa. A 2-car garage keeps everyone happy with protected cars and plenty of storage for tools and gear. This bundled golf community offers amenities for every lifestyle. Sports Club recently opened – features spa, resort-style pool with waterfall, fitness center and Tiki Bar. Main Clubhouse currently under construction. Photography, renderings, and virtual tour are for display purposes only – the model home furniture, accessories, wall-coverings, landscaping, and options are not included in the price of the home. Virtual showings are available. Estimated delivery Nov/Dec 2020.
Listing courtesy of LENNAR REALTY INC.
StellarMLS is the source of this information via Internet Data Exchange Program. All listing information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed and should be independently verified through personal inspection by appropriate professionals. Listings displayed on this website may be subject to prior sale or removal from sale. Availability of any listing should always be independently verified. Listing information is provided for consumer personal, non-commercial use, solely to identify potential properties for potential purchase. All other use is strictly prohibited and may violate relevant federal and state law. Data last updated on


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Feta Cheese by Domty
Made from pasteurized cow and buffalo milk, kernel palm oil, 5% skimmed milk powder, salt, calcium chloride, rennet, starter culture, preservatives, E202, E234, Fat/Dry matter not less than 60% . Sizes Available:
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125 gm
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80 gm
Expiry date:
12 months from the production date
Established in 1990, the Arabian Food Industries Company had a humble beginning offering a modicum of products with only two types of white and mozzarella cheeses, respectively. Since then its flagship cheese brand, Domty, has grown to hold an unparalleled position amongst market competitors. This has been made possible through a combination of strategi...
Yes, we can ship to United States


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Blue Hedgehog
Paula Puolakka
The terrorization had lasted for eleven years. The latest malicious act from B.H.'s neighbors Archie and Buck had been the soiling of his mailbox: the letter from IRS and one from his lady friend living in CO had been covered with mud.
It was the television appearance that had sparked the neighbors' anger. B.H. had always stood out from the crowd, not because he was flamboyant and craving for attention, but because he was a good and modest guy who always wanted to assist the others and help them to get rid of their old furniture and other waste.
B.H. owned a small house with a big yard: his property was the sanctuary for old trees and moss. Almost daily, he wore his blue worker's overall. In the summertime, he never wore shoes. The terrorization, however, had turned the happy guy into a sulking old git, and nowadays, instead of dancing barefoot, he was anxiously marching around his yard. His beard, mustache, and hair had begun to turn from gray to white, and the town's folk were calling him "Blue Hedgehog" instead of Ben Hedge. The artist lady who had originally asked the news crew to check out B.H.'s property and tell everybody about his "remarkable lifestyle" had distanced herself from him after the harassment had started. Once, they had been friends, but nowadays, she almost completely ignored him. Grudge was what B.H. felt, but never had he cursed her or anybody else for that matter. Instead, he had turned inwards and, mentally, into the spiky animal everybody associated him with.
The elderly Georgian had wiped the mud off from the letters, and fortunately, the dirt had not soiled the handwritten arks of paper from Gloria. She was a 40-year-old unmarried woman who had dedicated her life to being "a pain in the ass" for those who were not respecting God's priorities. She had contacted B.H. after bumping into his old interview while going through the "environmentalism in the USA" tagged media archives from 2008. It had been a part of her research, how much had the attitudes towards Nature changed in the U.S. mass media if you compared the years 2008 and 2018. B.H. and Gloria had been exchanging ideas through snail mail for ten months now. Occasionally, she had also phoned him, making him feel awkward and a bit embarrassed since it was not a common thing for him to get attention from younger females. Even the ladies around him in their 70s, 80s, or 90s were not interested in him as a person – an individual with his unique emotions, thoughts, and needs – but because of his ability to move stuff from place A to place B. He was the handyman, and even though he did flirt with a woman or two now and then, he did not feel any desire or passion towards them.
The latest letter from Gloria had been so kind and so attentive that for the first time B.H. had lowered his guard with her and written about the terrorization. The letter had been a three-sheet fact-filled tale of his life. Although it had not been a letter from a moaning git, so to speak, he had hesitated for a moment before dropping the letter into a mailbox. He did not want to bother her, but at the same time, he was tired of hiding like a hedgehog. How was it possible that for the first 50 years of his life he had been happy, but for the past eleven years so miserable? Why did he have to distance himself from everybody: to hide his true nature behind the spikes of grudge, sadness, and blooming depression and madness? It was not right.
It was Friday and the 22nd day of the month when B.H. received an unexpected phone call. It was Gloria, and she greeted him with a fake local accent and told him that she was waiting for him in the café on the main street. After a few "whats" to which Gloria answered with the flowing spasms of laughter, B.H. finally believed that she had taken time and money to meet him face-to-face. He was over the moon. How could it be? What should he wear? He felt like a complete ass, and after a few minutes pondering, he just decided to wear what he always wore. Gloria was just an acquittance, nothing more and nothing less.
When B.H. parked his Ford at the front of the café, he felt the butterflies, and for a moment, he pondered if he should go back home. Yet, he felt that he could not miss such an opportunity. Would he ever travel to CO? No, or he could, but the reason for him to do so would have to be monumental: either work or marriage. He wanted to see and to feel Gloria and also, to catch the scent of her. Again, he felt like an ass, but he took a deep breath and walked in.
The same old faces were there to greet him, but Gloria was nowhere to be seen. He hesitated, but then asked the waitress if she had seen a tourist matching Gloria's description leaving the café. She said "yes" but then told B.H. that the lady had actually told her to tell him to wait for her. The tourist had preordered and paid his lunch. Bewildered, B.H. sat down. The moment the waitress served him the sandwich, the pineapple slices, the green salad, and the iced tea, and told him to enjoy his lunch, B.H. heard the sharp rang of the bell above the door, and as he turned around, he saw a medium-built woman with long honey-blonde hair. It was Gloria: he recognized her from the picture she had sent, but in person, her aura was fuller, and her smile made her look like a 30-year-old rather than a 40-year-old.
With a civilized and sparkly voice, Gloria announced that she had found a perfect present for B.H. She hugged the man and joined his company. Before he could overcome his sudden fit of shyness, the air was cut with the howling of a fire siren. The fire truck drove past the café, and some went to see what was going on. As B.H. looked at Gloria, he saw that there was a dried burdock flower sitting on the right shoulder of her black velvet coat. He thought it was odd since the few patches of burdocks around were growing at and near his property. As he took the liberty to move closer and gently snipped the flower off, he smelt the faint scent of gasoline. At the same moment, the waitress holding her cellphone hollered to B.H.: "Ben, I'm talking to Angie. She says that a fire has gulped Archie's house, and the flames have now reached Buck's yard. I think you should rush home."
B.H.'s jaw dropped. He turned to Gloria who was trying to hide her smile. She patted B.H.'s hand and said: "No more Mr. Blue Hedgehog. It's time for Mr. Ben Hedge to return. Go and help them. Let your neighbors feel ashamed for their wicked ways and wrongdoings. Dancing days are here again… babe."
Paula Puolakka is a Beat poet, writer, and MA (History of Science and Ideas) who has won poetry and short story contests held in the USA and Israel and gained honor from the essay contests held in Finland, for example, by The Finnish Reserve Officers' Federation. Between April and October 2019, Puolakka was 15 times the winner of the daily poetry challenge held by Poetry Potion (South Africa.) Her latest work can be found through Spillwords Press, Arts Quarter Books, Woody Guthrie Poets (Speak Your Mind anthology,) Rural Oklahoma Museum of Poetry (Word Daubers poetry collection on Lulu,) Former People, and The Voices Project.


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Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. -
gumbo limbo
W.D. Brush. Provided by National Agricultural Library. Originally from USDA Forest Service. United States, FL. 1960.
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Source: https://www.beepods.com/national-honey-bee-day-2017-recap/
The post National Honey Bee Day 2017 Recap appeared first on Beepods.
To be up to date with the latest information in the beekeeping industry to can check out our apiculture latest news. On the other hand if you're starting apiculture and desire to start professional beekeeping now get a copy of our beekeeping for beginners ebook.
Beekeeping can be a full time profession or a hobby that is simple. However, more often than not, what started as a hobby would become a profession. But you cannot just tell and decide yourself that you will start to do beekeeping. You need to have comprehension and adequate knowledge on the subject that you're going to enter before beginning on any avocation or profession. If you really have been putting off your interest in beekeeping for quite a long time, then it's about time to indulge yourself. Bee farming may not seem difficult; by learning the fundamental beekeeping lessons, you can be got away to a great start.
What does a beekeeper should understand?
You should have total interest on beekeeping to start at the right foot. You should have also consented to share your home space. There are potential dangers in beekeeping that can harm you but your family too. Then you must know the supplies and equipment you will use for beekeeping, if you decide to allow the bees inside your living space. Your focus is not just to earn money by selling honey; a good beekeeper should have a keen interest and fire in raising bees.
An apiarist ought to know the right location for the beehives. You have to make sure that beekeeping is allowed in your town if you decide to put your beehives at your backyard. There are several places confined to beekeeping; you have to get permission concerning this.
Beekeepers must understand whether beekeeping supplies can be found in the area where the beehives are situated. When you have to visit a neighborhood beekeeping store you may never know; it is best that a nearby beekeeping shop is reachable.
Protective gear and equipment will also be very important to beekeepers to know. This will decrease the chances of being stung by your bees. Understand the right kind of suit to select to keep you from any potential risk in beekeeping.
Last but definitely not the least, among the beekeeping lessons you need to find out is that: it's important for the beekeeper to know the proper way of harvesting honey. All the beekeeping attempts would be futile if you are incapable to harvest honey. The procedures should be known by a beekeeper in collecting the honey in the comb; beeswax is also part of the yields in beekeeping.


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How tall is Prince Harry?
Prince Harry's Height is 6ft 1in (186 cm)
Celebirty name: PRINCE HARRY (Original: Henry Charles Albert David)
Birth: 1984-09-15 (United Kingdom) (age 36)
Occupation: celebrity, socialite
Source: WIKIPEDIA.ORG
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Every season we scramble to see the latest seasonal releases from fashion brands all over the globe, this is no different when it comes to the beauty industry; industry insiders, bloggers, press and fans everywhere can't wait to see the latest releases from their favourite beauty brands.
From summer pastels to winter berry tones two brands stick out every season; NARS and Bourjois. Both brands are releasing collections that will make you want to splurge like there's no tomorrow this A/W.
Never one to let me down Bourjois are yet again on point with their Arctic Winter 2014 Collection; packed full with products that are accessible, affordable and oh so pretty. Black eyeliner is a staple for me anytime of the year so the Mega Liner will make a nice addition to my collection, not to mention Bourjois 1 Seconde Nail Polish in Violet. The eye catcher of the collection has to be the Rouge Edition lipstick, if ever there was a shade that made me go weak at the knees, then this ladies and gents is the one.
The new for A/W Colour Collection from NARS features 10 new products that give off a luxurious look; soft metallic shades, strong jewel toned eyeliners and perfect lip colours. For me A/W is all about a bold berry toned lip, but this year NARS have bucked the trend and gone subtle; they have introduced two new lip pencils – Bansar and Mondore. Bansar is the stand out of the collection, for me, along with the latest addition to their famous blushes – Unlawful. NARS are famed for their amazing blushers and I for one cannot wait to get my hands on Unlawful; a slightly shimmery pink/amber.
I know we are still in the middle of summer but yet I can't help but get a little excited for winter and all the new beauty releases it brings. A/W 14/15 is going to be a beautiful one.