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04 February 2019 by Gabriel Diaz
Severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) in children between 1 and 5 years old living at altitude, in Bogota, located at 2,640 meters over sea level (mosl)
Introduction and Justification:
There are very few studies on PH in children living at altitude. For this reason, the result of studies realized on PH in children living at sea level, are extrapolated to children with PH living at altitude. PH at altitude is influenced and affected by Hypobaric Hypoxia.
Taking into account the importance of early detection of PH, we decided to analyze some characteristics of PH in children with age 1-5 years old living in Bogota (2.640 MOSL).
Material and Methods:
From a cohort of 81 children with PH living in Bogotá, we analyzed the children between 1 and 5 years old. All had catheterism. Epidemiological study was made.
27 children between 1-5 years old were found. 18 females, 9 males; 21: IPH; 3 with Down Syndrome, developed PH after ductus closure; 3 associated with CHD. The median of mean PP was 69 mm HG (73 for males and 66 for females). The media of pulmonary resistances was 25.56 WU. 6 patients died and 1 had a cerebrovascular accident.
Between the cohort of 81 children (under 18 years old) 33.33% are between 1 and 5 years old (we are working in early detection of PH). The severity of PH at early age is significant and this explains the important mortality (22%).
1) PH in children at altitude deserves more attention, taking into account that more than 140.000.000 of people live over 2500 MOSL.
2) PH in children can be severe in the first five years of life
3) In this group of patients, PH is much more frequent in females than in males, but was more severe in males.
4) In this cohort of children with PH in altitude, IPH was the main cause of PH, with important differences in relation with other causes


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Tag Archives: The Office
Welcome, Alivia ~ Behind the Scenes – Composite Editing : Raleigh, NC Newborn Photographer
I have been getting a lot of curiosity and views on my posts of behind the scenes screen shots to show you the workView full post »
Welcome, Lilly! – Behind the scenes : Raleigh, NC Newborn Photography
Ever look at one of my pictures or well any experienced newborn photographer for that matter and think – how didView full post »
Taking a leap and following my heart : Personal notes from the office : Raleigh, NC Photographer
With Thanksgiving upon us and the times of spending a lot of time with family enjoying each others company as well asView full post »
The NEW Red Bridge : Raleigh, Durham, Chapel Hill, NC Photographer
You may or may have noticed. There have been a few changes that I thought were important to say "hey, I wantedView full post »
CLIC Conference Workshop : Raleigh, NC Wedding Photographer
Today's blog post is part 2 of the 2 part series of my days at the CLIC conference in Raleigh, NC that I attendedView full post »
CLIC Conference : Raleigh, NC Wedding Photographer
Conferences are oh, so important for many professions and photography is one of them. I found out about this greatView full post »
Learning and lighting : Myrtle Beach, SC Photographer
This is a long overdue blog post on a class I took last summer. Last SUMMER folks! Lots has changed since then butView full post »
The WPS Roots Workshop 2014 : Raleigh, Durham, Chapel-Hill, NC Photographer
I am so BEHIND in blogging some of the FUN and educational things that I have been up to the first part of the year. IView full post »

subset: commoncrawl


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So, I am aware that I may have already lost some of you with my title and the photo above.(and by "some of you" I mean everyone under the age of 35. If you're confused, you can get up to speed right here.)
You know how that guy wrote that book about women being from Venus and Men from Mars? Well, okay, so I never actually read it myself, but I am fairly certain the concept is that women are all about thinking (over-thinking?)..er..feeling...with our hearts (hence the Venus, Goddess of Love reference) and men are...well, I have no real idea (maybe I should have read the book?)except that I think they are much more basic, and logical,(or maybe that should be illogical...) although not any less complex to women.
They are most definitely not as touchy-feely-heart-on-our-sleeve-ish as we girls are. (Apparently that is where the Mars reference comes in. They are Martians, for Pete's sakes. It's no small wonder we have trouble communicating with them.)
I have been pondering all of this lately because I am realizing that I am rather a novice level girl in the boy-girl communication department when it comes to getting my thoughts across to my Rock n' Roll Buddy. Maybe it comes from not having a long list of men on my relationships list, and having spent multiple decades with one man...er...Martian.
That other Martian and I developed our own way of showing our feelings and communicating in a particular way that became familiar...a habit.
For. Three. Decades.
Then, I spent five years solo. I didn't realize it, but I grew fairly comfortable with making my own decisions, both the itty-bitty-little ones and the ginormous ones.
Take all that into account, and add the fact that I am..well, let's just say it, fif-fif-fifty five. We are both older, and
For five years,I didn't have to ask anyone if they liked the giant vintage firewood holder I ran out and bought for the living room. I just went with my gut.
And now,....well,I get on auto pilot, like we all do on Venus, and assume just how my Rock n' Roll Buddy will respond, (Que in background music and pan in to Tracey-ville, USA, with Ward Clever smiling in lustful admiration at June as she shows him the fabulous wood holder, making his life oh-so-complete.)I assume he will appreciate certain things I do and say in the same manner that the other Martian did for thirty some years.(I came to this incorrect conclusion by the way, by surmising that, after all, they are both Martians, right?)
Only, that isn't what happens.
His response is...different than I was accustomed to way back when. Different than I expect. (Typical Martian....)
Me, being from Venus, with all of my romantic notions,(mmm hmmm,very clearly a Venus girl all the way, what with serving him his heated syrup in a sweet lil' pour-cup for pancakes, and having lil' felted wool birdies in snow hats adorn our winter-time table scape...)while he, quite obviously has to be from Mars.(How else can you explain the need to keep two working microwave ovens in the same kitchen, and three cordless drills in the garage?)
I feel very much like I am trying to master a foreign language of some sort. There is a learning curve in blending personalities and belongings from two such different planets, and I am grasping little pieces of wisdom....most importantly, I can tell you that he is definitely my favorite Martian.


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A massive funding announcement! HALT has been awarded $2 million over 4 years from the Federal Government to have HALT workers down on the Frankston-Mornington Peninsula and in the North West suburbs of Melbourne! The announcement was made by the Federal Health Minister, Greg Hunt, at our HALT brekky in Mt Martha this morning, […]CONTINUE READING
Here's some photos from our stack of recent events down on the Mornington Peninsula! After the success of these events, we are having another HALT Save your Bacon brekky, this time in Mt Martha, to help raise awareness around tradies' mental health, how to have the tough conversations and to help the tradie community understand […]CONTINUE READING


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Reduce Stress & Improve Relationships with Hypnosis
Return to Laura King Articles on Hypnosis
Reduce Stress Page 1 -
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Everyone feels "stressed out" now and then. Stress is a normal part of life that can help us learn and grow. Conversely, stress can cause us significant problems. Causes of stress range from problems at work, to everyday family ups and downs, to worrisome events that dominate the daily news.
What most people are not aware of, however, is the extent to which stress can affect our physical and mental health, not to mention our relationships with ourselves and people we are close with. Furthermore, despite the seemingly endless supply of medications, therapies, and sage advice, most people really don't know how to effectively manage their stress.
One highly effective method of reducing stress and maintaining a healthy and positive balance in life is through the regular use of self-hypnosis. The preeminent source for information on the benefits of hypnosis and for products that allow people to harness its power to improve quality of life, is hypnotist Laura King. You can read more about Laura King below.
Physical Effects
Stress is widely believed to be a leading cause of heart disease, which is not surprising when we explore the countless ways that stress can negatively affect the healthy functioning of the heart. First of all, stress can increase the pumping action of the heart (heart rate) and cause the arteries to constrict, impeding the flow of blood to the heart. Also, stress can often signal the body to release more fat into the bloodstream, thereby raising cholesterol levels. For women, chronic stress may reduce estrogen levels, a key factor in women's cardiac health. When stress levels are high, blood pressure also rises, causing more work for the heart muscle and leading to an increased risk of stroke. Finally, people coping with stress often turn to unhealthy habits such as eating foods high in fat and salt, tobacco use, and alcohol abuse, all of which detract from good cardiac health.
Pain is another common result of stress. Consider that stress causes our muscles to constrict and become tense, and that many people who are experiencing high stress levels often complain of chronic back pain. Tension headaches are another form of pain that many researchers have linked to stress. Some research indicates that victims of tension headaches might actually be biologically predisposed to translate stress into muscle contraction! Stress has also been suggested to be one of the causes of migraine headaches.
Other physical effects of stress include gastrointestinal problems (such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome, peptic ulcers, and inflammatory bowel disease), susceptibility to infections (a number of studies have shown that subjects experiencing chronic stress have low white blood cell counts), weight problems, diabetes, and certain fertility problems. While none of these physical ailments can be attributed entirely to the existence of stress, most doctors and researchers agree that it can be a major contributing factor.
Psychological Effects
Studies have suggested that severe stress is associated with the onset of depression or anxiety. In fact, one study showed that people who experienced a stressful situation had nearly six times the risk of developing depression within that month. For sure, stress can diminish the quality of life, simply by reducing feelings of pleasure and accomplishment. Another demonstrated effect of stress is insomnia, which keeps people from getting the sleep they need, thereby often leading to a higher incidence of stress the following day. . .a viscous cycle.
Stress also has significant effects on the operations of the brain, specifically memory, learning and concentration. A typical sufferer of stress often experiences loss of concentration both at work and at home, frequently leading to unhealthy professional and personal relationships. Short-term memory loss has been linked in numerous studies to acute stress. Perhaps even more alarming, a 1999 study of middle school students showed that stress seriously inhibits learning.
Many people feel that the level of stress in their lives is having negative effects on their health or in their relationships. Stress can also make people lash out at those they care about. Many people turn to medication, which for some might provide a temporary solution, but in the long run does nothing to address the root causes of the stress they feel. On top of that, there is often a certain risk level attached with taking prescription medication, which includes the chance of side effects and the possibility of becoming dependent upon the drug.
The first step that most people take to combat stress is to use their logical mind to seek out sources of stress, and then attempt to remove them. Examples of this would be quitting a job that causes unhappiness, or ending a tempestuous relationship. These might be perfectly acceptable choices and could certainly go a long way toward easing stress, but again they are just a beginning. In order to affect long-term, lasting positive change in stress levels, people must look within themselves to improve the way their body and mind react to situations around them.
A safe, effective, and empowering way for people to take control of their lives and train the mind for positive change is through the use of hypnosis and self-hypnosis. Hypnosis is a proven and time-tested way to help people achieve their goals. Throughout history, thousands if not millions of people have benefited from its power to help them make positive changes in their lives. Some notable users of hypnosis have included Albert Einstein, Jackie Kennedy-Onassis, Henry Ford, Kevin Costner, and even Mozart.
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Shoe Sensation Kicks Off Annual "Socks for the Troops" Campaign
Shoe Sensation in the Riverside Plaza is kicking off its "Socks for the Troops" campaign with "Hometown Heroes" in honor of Veterans Day. Anyone wishing to honor a Veteran or active military personnel can drop off a photo at Shoe Sensation during store hours to post in the store's window display. Shoe Sensation wants to honor as many local Veterans or active military as it can to thank them for the sacrifices they have made, as well as those of their families. Any information may be included on the photo. Photos will be posted in our store window through Dec. 24.
This will be Shoe Sensation's second year to run the Socks for the Troops campaign in New Martinsville. Shoe Sensation is once again asking area residents to purchase socks and boot laces that will be sent overseas to our local active military personnel. Socks and laces can be purchased anywhere and dropped off at the store. Any socks or laces purchased at the store will be discounted for donation purposes.
"Last year, we had over 166 pair of socks donated at the New Martinsville store alone. The response from the community is amazing and the support for our veterans in this area is tremendous." store manager Zach Pittman said. Many local groups, and individuals help make this project a success along with the Sistersville VFW who handles the shipping of the socks to the soldiers who need them. This project was started in the St. Mary's, PA store six years ago to show support for our local military serving overseas during the holidays. It has now grown to a company- wide initiative with over 165 stores participating in 18 states.
Socks for the Troops and Hometown Heroes will run through Dec. 24.
"We will once again be partnering with our local Sistersville VFW to make sure the socks get to the people that truly need them. A simple gift such as an extra pair of warm socks can mean so much to a soldier it's just a small thank you we can say for their service to our country. This project continues to be a great success and we plan on continuing it as long as we have brave men and women serving our country overseas," Pittman said.


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About the Human Subject Protection Program
The University of South Dakota utilizes a board that meets at the Sanford School of Medicine in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) typically reviews research applications that involve more than minimal risk. Studies that are considered no more than minimal risk can be reviewed without convened IRB review.
IRB Meeting
The board meets the second Thursday of every month. Submission deadline is two weeks before the meeting date. Contact the Office of Human Subjects Protection with any questions about the meeting dates or submission deadlines at 605-658-3743 or emailing email@example.com.
The OHSP is happy to review human subject research for investigators not affiliated with USD for a one-time fee. This fee covers the initial review as well as any continuations, amendments, and adverse event reports. The fee is based on the level of review required. Call the Office of Human Subjects Protection at 605-658-3743 to determine if a fee will apply.
|IRB review at a convened meeting
|Expedited Review
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|Continuation, amendment, etc.
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11 Inspiring moms we absolutely love – International Women's Day 2018
This International Women's Day 2018, we're celebrating the inspiring moms who spend their time and effort making the world a better place for women everywhere.
March 8th marks the worldwide celebration of International Women's Day. These 11 moms serve as role models to women everywhere and are truly an inspiration!
Who are these inspiring moms?
1. Ami Evangelista Swanepoel
Ami Swanepoel co-founded Roots of Health together with her mother. Roots of health is an organization that helps empower women by providing them with health services, and health education.
One of their main advocacies is to provide information about reproductive health to women so that women can be self-reliant, and lead healthier lives. She truly deserves to be among the most inspiring moms!
2. Nikki Luna
Artist, feminist and mother Nikki Luna creates outspoken and provocative art that not only evokes a reaction from people, but also calls them to action.
Since she has daughters, Nikki has since made it her advocacy to promote respect and equality among genders, and she's supported by her husband Mikee Carrion, a "feminist dad."
3. Rosanna Henares Angeles
All moms know just how important and even life-saving breastmilk is. And for Rosanna Henares Angeles, founder of Angels Breastmilk Bank for the Premature, she has made it her advocacy to provide free breast milk for moms who cannot produce enough milk for their little ones.
Rosanna also gave birth prematurely herself, and as she was unable to produce enough breast milk for her son, she sought help from other moms who gladly donated their breast milk to her. Seeing the power of collective action, she has since connected moms who need breast milk with other moms who are willing to donate theirs.
4. Irina Otmakhova
Irina Otmakhova, is a mom, and a Russian doula based in the Philippines. While doulas aren't medical professionals, they help provide emotional and physical support to moms who are giving birth.
She founded Conscious Birth Manila, an organization that "aims at supporting, informing, educating, and encouraging childbearing couples as they go through the journey of pregnancy, birth and the postpartum."
She hopes to help out mothers who choose to have gentle birth options, by bringing them the expertise of doulas, midwives, and yoga teachers.
5. Ginger Arboleda
Mommy, wife, entrepreneur, and blogger Ginger Arboleda wears many hats. As a former banker, she eventually decided to become self-employed in order to better take care of their daughter.
Now, she and her husband own Taxumo, a tech startup that helps business owners, freelancers, and other professionals file their taxes.
She also has a blog where she shares her experiences as a mom and freelancer to provide valuable learning and inspiration to other moms.
6.Mish Aventajado
Mish Aventajado a mommy blogger, shares that she has always wanted to become a mom. She has since started documenting her journey through motherhood along with her other interests.
She's also the mom to a special child whom she calls Gellibean, and advocates for raising awareness about Down Syndrome. We hope that through her blog, she inspires mothers to share their experiences, and also empower moms who have special children.
7. Angie Calungcaguin
Angie Calungcaguin and her husband Yok founded the Make Peace Bakery and Cafe. They aim for their bakery to help end poverty, and provide an avenue for youths to change their lives.
They sell all sorts of baked goods, including delicious cookies and ensaymada. They're located in Angat, Bulacan, and were fostered by the Gawad Kalinga Enchanted Farm.
8. Reese Fernandez-Ruiz
Entrepreneur, artist, and mom Reese Fernandez-Ruiz founded Rags to Riches, a social enterprise that provides an avenue for local artisans to create upcycled and eco-friendly fashion.
She was inspired by her missionary mom to help others, as they moved often when she was young, and she was exposed to the suffering that other people experienced.
This motivated her to become a social entrepreneur, empowering other people to improve their lives, and alleviate poverty.
9. Melissa Yeung Yap
Melissa Yeung Yap is the founder of Earth Kitchen, and executive director of the Got Heart Foundation.
At the young age of 13, Melissa started to reach out to children living on the side of the railroad and dedicated her life to helping out the marginalized, making her one of the most inspiring moms out there!
She founded the Earth Kitchen, a farm-to-table restaurant and the Got Heart Foundation, which aims to help out the less fortunate through feeding programs, a scholarship program, and through selling all natural, organic, and local food and non-food products.
10. Shamcey Supsup
Of course, everyone knows who Shamcey Supsup is. As a Binibining Pilipinas Universe, Shamcey brought honor to the country when she joined the international pageant.
And now, she has found her calling as a mom, an entrepreneur, and an architect.
As a magna cum laude graduate of BS architecture, and a topnotcher of the licensure exam, Shamcey has made it a point to put her skills to good use, and not be content to simply be a celebrity.
She has also founded a restaurant, Pedro N Coi with her husband, and they're the parents to little Nyke, who just turned two earlier this year. She's definitely one of the most inspiring moms in the country!
11. Rosebud Benitez
Chef Rosebud Benitez is an outspoken advocate for cooking for the family and providing nutritious meals.
She's also a celebrity chef, a mother-of-three, and an entreprener. She owns weigh to go PH, a diet food delivery service that provides delicious and nutritious meals that helps people lose weight and become healthier.


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PANJIM: Goa government's mechanisation schemes in agriculture sector has remained out of bound for several farmers, who are relying heavily on the conventional methods and the rain God for a good crop. With the onset of monsoon, the government authorities claim that they are working overtime for lend helping hand for the farmers, who take on to the fields.
But the reality in many parts of Goa seems to be different. Victoria Fernandes, who cultivates paddy in Taleigao village, a stone throw away from here, says that they have not received any government help. "We are traditional farmers. But we are not getting any subsidy. Not a single officer from agriculture department has arrived here," she said, who was seen working in the field along with two other women.
Taleigao, conventionally, has been considered as a rice bowl of the state but now has ceased to enjoy the title due to rampant urbanization, which has turned paddy fields into residential colonies.
Fernandes said they have to shell out Rs 900 to Rs 1,000 for two and half hours to plough their fields with the mechanized tiller. "There are no bulls so we have to plough with the machine," she explained.
The story is similar in the far off interior places of Satari, a constituency represented by Agriculture Minister Vishwajit Rane. Many of the farmers are bereft of any modern equipment to carry their farming activity. Ramkrishna Barve (70) says he loves farming and would like to get more area under cultivation.
The septugenarian, who reformed the barren land in Nagargao village of Satari into a green patch, stated that he did it without any government assistance. His village lays 100 kms away from Panjim in the lap of Western Ghats. "We came here when we were in poverty. Farming gave us livelihood. I am happy that my next generation is also interested in continuing with the farming," said Barve, who had his wife helping him out in planting a Banana tree, when we went there.
The menace of wild animal in his property, which is next to Madei Wildlife Sanctuary, is a major problem for him. Barve said earlier wild boars used to mess the plantations and now the wild monkeys are on rampage. "I am not compensated by anyone, neither agriculture department nor forest department," he said.
The only modern relief for Barve is the electric fencing that is proposed by the agriculture department around his plantation to keep wild animals at bay. "Let's see what wonder it (fencing) does," he quipped. The State Agriculture department has said that they are now intending to intensify the Mechanisation in rural Goa. Satari taluka has been taken as a test case by the department.
Rane, agriculture minister, recently told a news conference, that nearly 3,000 farmers from Satari taluka would be given modern equipments. "Many a times the money does not percolate to the grass root level," he admitted. He said that the state government will try to reach to each and every farmer as there is sufficient money in the coffers. "The budgetary allocation has been increased from mere Rs 17 crore to Rs 69 crore for financial year 2011-12," Rane added. – PTI


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Armitron Mens Silver Tone Stainless Steel Bracelet Watch-20/5288bksv
Armitron Mens Silver Tone Stainless Steel Bracelet Watch-20/5288bksv
Product Description
- Number of Batteries: 1
- Included: 1 Watch(es)
- Features: Analog, Date Function, Water Resistant, Adjustable
- Battery Type: Silver Oxide
- Jewelry Closure: Fold Over Clasp
- Power Source: Ecodrive
- Watch Movement: Quartz
- Water Resistance: 50m
- Band Color: Silver Tone
- Dial Color: Black
- Metal Color: Silver Tone
- Case Thickness: 11.9mm
- Case Width: 46mm
- Watch Band Length: 9 3/4 Inch
- Band Content: Stainless Steel
- Case Materials: 100% Stainless Steel
- Battery Size: Sr626sw
- Band Width: 22mm
- Care: Wipe Clean
- Country of Origin: Imported
Jewelry photos are enlarged to show detail.
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Shop with confidence. Read our full, common sense


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PB&J 2015-2016: The Value of the Dot
Sat. Mar 19, 2016 at 11:30am EDT
All Ages
$5.00 - $8.00
All Ages
- Get Tickets
- Details
Event Stats
$5.00 - $8.00
All Ages
Event Description
Laugh. Learn. Listen. Play.
Informal concerts specifically designed for pre-schoolers and their adults.
Fun, interactive, and educational ways to experience Baroque music.
Led by certified Kindermusik instructor, Lynda Wingerd


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Company Number090864012009
NameКХ "РАМАЗАН"
Alternative names
Company TypeAn individual entrepreneur in the form of a joint venture
Registered Address TURKESTANSKAYa OBLAST, SARYAGAShSKIY RAYON, DARBAZINSKIY S.O., S.DARBAZA, kz
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ESEKEShOVA KARLYGASh KUTTYKOVNA Director
Primary activities (1)#01111 Выращивание зерновых и зернобобовых культур, включая семеноводство
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Bus Trip: Hershey Park
Saturday, August 3, 2019 · 8 AM - 10 PM
Off Campus
Spend the day at Hershey Park! Tickets will be available at tickets.umbc.edu.
(seb) would like to clarify the pick up and drop off location for the trip.
With that being said, Event information:
(seb) would like to clarify the pick up and drop off location for the trip.
The bus will pick you up at the New commons loop behind the Physics building on commons drive and park road.
With that being said, Event information:
Initial Pick-up: UMBC Commons Loop Time: 8:45 AM
Destination (A): Hershey,PA Time: 11:00 AM
Evening Pick Up: Hershey, PA Time: 7:15 PM
Final Drop-off: UMBC Commons Loop Time: 9:30 PM
Please arrive at the loop no later than 8:45am.
Feel free to visit our FAQ page for additional information. --> https://seb.umbc.edu/events/bus-trips/


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Hohokam Jewelry
When archaeologists analyze the prehistoric Hohokam of the Phoenix valley we truly see a high culture society that was highly organized and built monumental structures. In Hohokam archaeology we are finding more evidence of a ranking system with the... (more...)
Making Traditional Arrows
by Jeff Martin Past cultures and their means of making bows and arrows have always been an interest of mine. As a young boy, I remember visiting museums throughout the West with my Grandmother. I had a deep fascination towards the Native American way... (more...)
How to Make an Atlatl and Dart
In spring of 2015 we decided to make an Atlatl and Dart set using modern, and traditional tools. The end result was a very deadly, yet functional prehistoric hunting tool. For additional videos and content subscribe to Primitive Lifeways on YouTube. Read More →


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Singing Crystal Bowls
One of the most enthusiastic and dedicated supporters of Angel Harps is Elivia Melodey of Crystal Vibrations Music. This sound healer specializes in singing crystal bowls but is known internationally for her sound healing concerts and workshops.
Elivia regularly travels across the United States performing for a variety of audiences with over four dozen singing crystal bowls and unusual instruments that include a Blevins harp.
This talented musician has presented workshops for both private and public schools from kindergarten through high school, and provided specialized programs groups such as the Cosmic Kids, Indigo Children, and Children of Today.
Above: News Coverage of Elivia Melodey's Crystal Vibrations Music
In her work as a singing crystal bowl expert, she has produced four compact disks so that the tones and vibrations of crystal singing bowls are accessible to anyone.
Elivia now sits on the Board of Directors of Angel Harps and has performed at the Angel Harps annual fundraising concerts in 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, and will perform again in 2010.
Her four titles include Terra Firma, Crystal Portal, Journey to Wholeness, and Celestial Memories.


text: Founded in 2015 by London based design duo Tom Westrop & Liam Moriarty, Handle is the result of a shared passion and appreciation for well designed, beautifully crafted, minimalist products. We set about creating a product with these principles in mind and June 2016 saw the launch of Handle's first product, NOTE01. A unique leather notebook featuring three distinct colourways, gilt edged pages and our original debossed geometric design.


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"Getting fired was the best thing that ever happened to us"
It's fair to say Tim Gray's first steps as an entrepreneur didn't get off to a flying start.
Working as Sales Director for leading UK milk transporter manufacturer Melton Tankers, Tim commanded a six-figure package.
But after the UK dairy industry was deregulated in 1989, haulier confidence disintegrated, resulting in the whole milk tanker replacement market shrinking by over 50%
Tim could see the writing was on the wall, and tried to diversify the company's offering, but was over-ruled by the owner. So Tim began exploring a new business start-up with fellow employee Chris Imrie. A couple of exploratory confidential conversations with TCL clients were somehow leaked to the owners of Melton. Tim and Chris were called into the Managing Director's office and summarily fired!
Broken windows and bank managers
The next day, Tim woke up with no car, no job, and a big mortgage. Surprisingly, he found the moment quite refreshing.
The same day they found and rented "a horrible but adequate building", boasting broken windows, lots of damp, no heating, and a dusty office.
Tim rang around to get some business. The first order came from a milk haulier in the Yorkshire Dales to refurbish a single tanker. Tim and Chris both took bank loans to get them through their first job.
A few months later, Tim saw a tanker in pieces in a trailer repairer's yard. He called the owners of the tanker, and discovered that they were refurbishing old tankers, then hiring them out. That conversation led to £250,000 ($320k) of work in the first year of trading. And there was better to come.
After a year in business, TCL moved to new premises in nearby Brighouse – five times larger than the workshop in Leeds.
Tim's warning to his previous employer proved accurate. In 1994, Melton went into liquidation, and hauliers began to look elsewhere for new tankers. Orders started flooding into TCL's office in Brighouse, and by the end of 1995 the business was turning over £6.5m ($8.5m).
The price of growth
But this rapid growth came with a price. Although turnover had soared, the team was working flat out, yet the business only increased profit by £2,000 ($2500).
As Tim ruefully reflects: "It was financially pointless but at least we had established ourselves."
Something needed to change, but Tim's prophesy was coming true. With a new deregulated market and fewer owned tankers on the road, the rental market was booming and TCL seized the opportunity.
This time Tim borrowed £14,500 ($19,000) from his dad, and bought TCL's first old tank. The team refurbished it, financed it, and rented it out. That enabled two more tanks to be acquired, which in turn led to four, then eight, finally peaking at 280 tanks on hire by the time that TCL was sold.
This opportunity and Tim's dad's small loan enabled the rental business to start. This was also the start of true success for TCL, because rental was where the profit was; and it was the rental income, not the engineering work, which proved attractive to TCL's eventual acquirer.
Rent hikes and burnout
In 2000, seeing the rapid growth and success of TCL, their landlord decided to increase its site rent by 200% overnight. The team endeavoured to negotiate, only to be served seven days' notice to quit. As the arrangement was outside the Landlord & Tenants act, they had no recourse.
That morning, in what both shareholders saw as a serendipitous act, Chris drove into their office a different way, spotting an empty shed two miles away from TCL's premises. Approaching the owner, they struck a deal and moved in seven days later.
But for both Tim and Chris, the landlord episode was a sobering warning, and shortly afterwards they located an appropriate site and built their own factory.
In finding a site, TCL deliberately set a ceiling on size of 11,000ft² to improve work-life balance. The new building allowed them to build four tankers per month and no more.
As Tim puts it, "the animal was now easy to feed" – with around 60% of what was built was for their own fleet 40% was sold to others.
To sell or not to sell
Few shareholders approach exit with the opportunistic flair of Tim and Chris.
Tim explains: "We weren't approaching BCMS saying we must sell. We had already been to a number of accountants, and they had come back with a wide range of valuations. Some were ludicrously low, predictably none were ludicrously high.
"I said at the time, the only way we will ever know the true value of TCL is when an acquirer is sat there, with a cheque book and pen. Even then, it isn't sold till the seven digits appear on the bank statement."
"Just because we go through the process doesn't mean we will choose to sell. But it does mean we get the truest valuation we can get on the worth of the business at that point in time. As far as I can see there is simply no other way to do that."
The catalyst for exploring a sale was Chris's health. Both his father and uncle had died relatively young, so Chris had been clear from the outset he wanted to be retired well before he was 50. As Chris puts it "I didn't want to work myself into the grave." Tim didn't want to end up working on his own, so a full exit was the most attractive option.
Deal or no deal?
Eight months after BCMS was appointed, the deal was done.
The final acquirer surprised both Tim and Chris. Tim recalls: "No one else would have thought of putting us together with the company that bought us. Our buyer, Gordon Turner the MD of Turners, had a penchant for rental businesses. He saw the opportunity at TCL, and ultimately outbid all the others."
But it wasn't quite that straightforward at the time. The first offers all came in by 10 am, and by noon, Tim had sent an email to all three, effectively thanking them for their interest, but making it clear that the offers were simply too low.
Then in an unexpected twist, Gordon Turner rang up expressing concern, genuinely believing he had made a really good offer. Tim and the BCMS Deal Leader jumped in a car to meet Gordon in Glasgow. In the conversation that followed, it became clear to both parties that there was a simple misunderstanding about the performance of one division of TCL. When it was explained and fully understood, a revised offer was made, and the deal agreed.
Life after selling up
On 20th May 2008, Chris and Tim were sat in the office watching their online bank statements. A few seconds after 11.30am, a seven figure sum dropped into their bank accounts, and reality hit home.
It was a strange feeling, akin to sending a child to university," Tim remembers, "They've grown up and left you, and you're not responsible in the same way anymore.
After staying on for 18 months after the sale, Tim left TCL, "as I found it difficult working in a large operation, (Turner Group of Companies), having to obtain permission for most of my deals!". He then spent 12 months doing very little commercially. He and his wife had always dreamed of buying a farm overlooking the Cornish coast, with an art workshop for his wife, and a mooring on Helford River.
When it came to it though, neither of them wanted to leave their parents. Instead they stayed in Yorkshire, and bought a large Georgian mansion instead.
Tim bought a 46-foot yacht in Greece, and began exploring the Mediterranean. He also obtained his Association of Racing Driver Schools (ARDS) qualification at Silverstone and now instructs at motorsport events all over the country.
Tim the entrepreneur could not stay house bound, or even cockpit bound, for long. A customer approached him wanting to acquire a tanker on lease purchase. Tim found himself back into business, and now has 57 vehicles on lease purchase, offering a cradle-to-grave service, finding and leasing tankers to individual client specifications.
Chris got to retire before 50, and he's delighted with the change of lifestyle, and improved health. He and Tim see each other three or four times a year, and Chris has built a property portfolio, which provides an income without undue personal involvement.
Tim Gray, TCL Transport Engineers: Why I sold my business with BCMS (video)


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This website was built for a top Pinterest expert to assist other business owners with their Pinterest strategies.
Linda Jones is well-known for her Pinterest social media account, and her love for the platform has emerged into a business helping others manage their Pinterest accounts.
When she was invited to participate in a Pinterest online summit, she reached out for help with putting together her Pinterest Services website.
We created the site using the popular Divi platform and launched the website within 2 weeks. After a short training session, Linda has taken over the job of maintaining and updating her site.
We're always glad to help clients envision their website goals and we'll do as little or as much as they need!


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Credit growth was at a slower pace during the first quarter of this year, signaling the economy's falling reliance on credit yet hampering the overall performance of commercial banks.
Experts believe that low credit growth poses a major threat to the performance of commercial banks as credit normally adds some 70 per cent to revenues.
By April 17, credit growth had reached 3.23 per cent against the beginning of the year, much lower than the ratio of 5 per cent seen in the corresponding period in 2017 and 2018, and 3.5 per cent in previous years.
Experts believe that low credit growth poses a major threat to the performance of commercial banks as credit normally adds some 70 per cent to revenues.
VietinBank in particular sustained a combined pre-tax loss of VND853 billion (US$36.5 million) in the fourth quarter of 2018 as its lending slumped by VND26 trillion (US$1.11 billion). During the first quarter of 2019, VietinBank's lending continued to fall by VND6.6 trillion (US$282.68 million), equivalent to 0.8 per cent of the figure seen at the end of 2018.
Eximbank also faced the same challenge as this bank saw its lending fell by 2.6 per cent, with credit outstanding balance dropping to below VND100 trillion (US$4.28 billion) and pre-tax profits plummeting by 38 per cent year on year.
Stagnant credit growth of small-scale banks such as Viet Capital Bank, NCB, and Saigonbank hampered their performance during the first four months of this year. The net interest income (NII) of Viet Capital Bank and NCB fell by 2.6 per cent and 22.7 per cent respectively, while Saigonbank edged up 0.8 per cent in NII.
Analysts predict a gloomy year ahead for lending by commercial banks amid the central bank's tight credit policy, particularly credit for the local real estate market.
They anticipate that banks will find it challenging to keep up with the pace of profit growth as seen in previous years, unless they are able to gain non-recurring income from their services and divestment.
Economic expert Can Van Luc noted that the credit growth of 14 per cent set by the central bank for 2019 is a reasonable target as the country's credit growth has escalated over the past three years.
Despite a slowdown in credit growth recorded in the year's first quarter, the country still enjoyed a robust growth rate of 6.79 per cent in the three-month period. This underpins the fact that the Vietnamese economy's reliance on credit fell amid the increasing presence of other capital mobilization channels.
The decreased credit growth should be considered good news as it illustrates that businesses and residents have managed to seek more channels for their borrowing, rather than depending on commercial banks.
In fact, capital mobilization has been extended via the intensified operations of peer-to-peer lending service providers as well as stock and bond markets. Most notably, corporate bonds reportedly enjoyed a boom during the first quarter of 2019.
However, Luc stressed that the current credit scale remains vast, equal to 131 per cent of GDP. He cited comments from international organizations and insiders as saying that the credit scale could pose risks in the long term when taken in comparison with the country's economic scale.
Furthermore, equity increases failing to keep pace with credit growth in the past few years remains a worry, thus triggering a downward trend in the banking sector's capital adequacy ratio.


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One of DMW fast rising star, Mayorkun has shared touch I touching story of how he recently met his dad after 2 years of stay away from each other.
Mayorkun took to Instagram to share the story of his reunion with his dad which took place in Texas. He stated that he has not met with his dad in 2 years, that the last time he met his dad he was not superstar then that he was still Mayowa.
He said his dad came to Texas for his show and they shared a rare moment of father-son love. Mayorkun shared his picture with his dad in his post.
See photo below;


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Fire ants have learned that if they lock their legs together they can create a raft that allows them to float and weather the worst floods. A single ant will drown very quickly, but as a group united by one purpose, they can survive.
In many ways, we are like that. We need each other to rise above despair when life brings tragedy. That is where I found myself on my recent Shiras moose hunt in Wyoming. When I planned the hunt, it was a simple thing, a Shiras Moose Hunt, – another awesome adventure to hopefully harvest #27 of my Super Slam. But, when severe tragedy struck one of my best friends and his family, the purpose of the trip pivoted on a dime. It quickly turned into a lot more than a hunt to me.
This story took a bad turn in mid-July, 45 days before my moose hunt. Tanner Sinclair, son of my great friend and top-notch Canadian guide Brent Sinclair, was killed in a senseless knife attack in Whitehorse, Yukon. Tanner had a great zest for life and loved the mountains and wild places. Though young, he was just as good with people as he was with wilderness living – a rare combination. And he was a great guide, experienced way beyond his years; he had been on at least 30 successful sheep hunts and had been hunting with his dad in the mountains since he was 10 years old.
Ever since I had hunted with Brent in 2004 on a successful Dall sheep hunt, the wild 15-day backpack adventure in the Northwest Territories had forged a friendship for life. Brent, Wendy, and their family had become like my own family. Clear back in 2012, Brent had already decided to join me on my Shiras moose hunt. He lacked just one animal from having guided all 29 North American big game animals. It was just going to be a fun reunion among good friends since he had already guided a Shiras moose hunter.
When Brent called and told me about his son's tragic death, both of our eyes were watering. I tried to convince him to stay home. I even offered to cancel my moose hunt and fly up to Whitehorse to spend time with him there, but Brent wasn't having any of that. He insisted on joining me for the moose hunt as a friend.
I had a pair of guides for the hunt already and I didn't really need Brent to guide, so I called him several times during the next week to try to convince him to stay home. "You don't know how much I really need this," he said. "I need to be there with you. The last thing Tanner would want me to do was lie down and feel sorry for myself."
Tragically, I knew, felt and understood the unbearable pain Brent was feeling with losing my own brother Kirk at a young age. Finally, I agreed with him and knew he needed that time with me in camp, but I had no idea what to expect.
In just that one phone call, the trip suddenly went from a moose hunt to a rescue mission to help my friend who was drowning in grief and disbelief for the loss of his son from such a senseless act. What he really needed was a group of men to lock arms with so he could float above the misery - if only for a few days.
I knew I had to be there emotionally for Brent. That was my number one priority. With that in mind, and not knowing how much hunting we would really be doing, I headed for Laramie with my son, Dale, on August 31. The season opened the next day.
I had purchased one of several Wyoming Conservation tags at a recent auction; this tag is only good for hunting on public land so I knew there would be plenty of hunting pressure. My guides for the hunt were Rusty Hall and James Rhinehart. Both are very seasoned Shiras moose hunters and fantastic guides. We all studied the maps and agreed upon an area with several willow drainages I would be hunting.
I looked at them intensely and told them my top priority was Brent and not the Moose. I wanted one-on-one man-time and planned to hunt with Brent the entire trip.
We knew it was going to be a tough hunt with temperatures being unseasonably warm. We were right about that; the moose were lying in the thick timber of the valley slopes until just before last light at which time they would filter out to feed in the willow thickets that line the bottoms of the valleys.
We spent plenty of time glassing during the first four days of the hunt, and we spent lots of time as a group locked in prayer as the days passed quickly.
It wasn't until the fourth day of the hunt that we found a shooter bull. We were glassing from a ridge into a willow thicket. It was the middle of the afternoon – a very low odds time to find a moose on his feet – but, I am not a big fan of taking naps on my hunts. I always keep hunting, regardless of how low the odds might be. If they are better than zero, I am happy to keep plugging along.
We were rewarded this time when we caught the glint of horns in the heavy timber just above the thicket. Maneuvering across the ridge, we were able to get a better look at the bedded bull and we quickly decided he was worth hunting.
This was my first good chance and I wanted Brent by my side. We were going after Tanner's bull and this was one time I wasn't stalking in alone like normal. We were a team and didn't waste any time getting down into the valley and into position across the low-lying willow thicket from where we thought the bull was bedded. Though we were only about 100 yards away, we couldn't see him in the heavy timber. We hoped he hadn't eluded us by going out the top or the slope.
I crawled along the edge of the willows another 40 yards, concealed by spruce trees on my side of the valley. It was 1:00 in the afternoon and very hot. I sat there on my knees for two hours before crawling back out to talk with Brent for a while. Then it was back into the brush for another three hours as I sat patiently waiting for something to happen. Every 30 minutes, I rose up in the heavy spruce and studied the area to see if the bull was visible. The seventh time I rose, I spotted a moose at 50 yards to my left in heavy willows.
First, I thought it was a cow, but when it raised its head, I realized it was our bull. He was in enough cover that I couldn't get a shot and he was feeding away from me.
I quickly crawled back out to get Brent and asked him to join me. I had dedicated this hunt to Tanner and I felt that Brent needed to be there if I was able to get a shot.
We slipped through the willows keeping the wind in our face, going another 30 yards farther than my original post. With light fading, the bull stepped out into the open; I drew my 80lb Hoyt aiming intensely and released. The arrow looked good and bull took off into the thick timber. If anything, the shot was a touch high.
Then Brent and I broke down. The scene became very emotional as we prayed together and talked about how this bull was for Tanner. I had never been a part of a hunt that was this emotional. It will always be my most memorable trophy as I shared the moment with my good friend at a time of need.
We backed out and discussed the shot with Rusty and James before deciding to take up the trail early the next morning. The shot had been just a bit high the bull died 350 yards from where the arrow hit.
That week in the mountains of Wyoming was about much more than just putting meat in the freezer. The animal became secondary to the relationships. We will always remember Tanner for his personal strength, his positive attitude and his values. Sometimes the good do die young.
The greatest sense of peace that Brent gained from our time is a lesson that any of us who grieves can learn from. He came to realize that even though he only had 27 years with his son; the quality of that time was extremely high. The two spent countless hours together in the mountains and became the deepest of friends. If an average man lives to be 80 and is survived by his son, it is unlikely that they would spend more quality time together than Brent did with Tanner. When a Christian dies, we grieve our loss, not theirs. The deceased move on to a better place. There is also great peace in that knowledge.
We celebrated one great man's life on that mountain and helped another to bear a huge burden of grief. I will never forget the hunt for Tanner's Bull and the friendship it strengthened.
There is a bright spot in this story. Brent and Wendy have a strong future with Tanner's survivors: wife Whitney, three-year-old daughter, Keele, (named after the Keele River in the Northwest Territories - Tanner's favorite place to sheep hunt) and newborn daughter Bennett Hope Sinclair (named after Bennett Lake in the Yukon where Tanner took his last personal ram in the included picture). May God bless this family and keep them strong during this difficult time with the knowledge that Tanner will live forever through them.
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Date: 10/23/2014


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Back to Journals » OncoTargets and Therapy » Volume 10
Impact of prior therapies on everolimus activity: an exploratory analysis of RADIANT-4
Authors Buzzoni R, Carnaghi C, Strosberg J, Fazio N, Singh S, Herbst F, Ridolfi A, Pavel ME, Wolin EM, Valle JW, Oh DY, Yao JC, Pommier R
Received 18 May 2017
Accepted for publication 20 July 2017
Published 16 October 2017 Volume 2017:10 Pages 5013—5030
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S142087
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Carlos E Vigil
Roberto Buzzoni,1 Carlo Carnaghi,2 Jonathan Strosberg,3 Nicola Fazio,4 Simron Singh,5 Fabian Herbst,6 Antonia Ridolfi,7 Marianne E Pavel,8 Edward M Wolin,9 Juan W Valle,10 Do-Youn Oh,11 James C Yao,12 Rodney Pommier13
1IRCCS Foundation, National Institute of Tumors, Milan, Italy; 2Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; 3Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA; 4European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; 5Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; 6Novartis AG, Basel, Switzerland; 7Novartis Pharma S.A.S., Rueil-Malmaison, France; 8Medizinische Klinik 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; 9Montefiore Einstein Center for Cancer Care, Bronx, NY, USA; 10Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK; 11Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 12University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; 13Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
Background: Recently, everolimus was shown to improve median progression-free survival (PFS) by 7.1 months in patients with advanced, progressive, well-differentiated, nonfunctional neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of lung or gastrointestinal (GI) tract compared with placebo (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.35–0.67; P<0.00001) in the Phase III, RADIANT-4 study. This post hoc analysis evaluates the impact of prior therapies (somatostatin analogs [SSA], chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) on everolimus activity.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01524783.
Patients and methods: Patients were randomized (2:1) to everolimus 10 mg/day or placebo, both with best supportive care. Subgroups of patients who received prior SSA, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy (including peptide receptor radionuclide therapy) were analyzed and reported.
Results: A total of 302 patients were enrolled, of whom, 163 (54%) had any prior SSA use (mostly for tumor control), 77 (25%) received chemotherapy, and 63 (21%) were previously exposed to radiotherapy. Patients who received everolimus had longer median PFS compared with placebo, regardless of previous SSA (with SSA: 11.1 vs 4.5 months [HR, 0.56 {95% CI, 0.37–0.85}]; without SSA: 9.5 vs 3.7 months [0.57 {0.36–0.89}]), chemotherapy (with chemotherapy: 9.2 vs 2.1 months [0.35 {0.19–0.64}]; without chemotherapy: 11.2 vs 5.4 months [0.60 {0.42–0.86}]), or radiotherapy (with radiotherapy: 9.2 vs 3.0 months [0.47 {0.24–0.94}]; without radiotherapy: 11 vs 5.1 months [0.59 {0.42–0.83}]) exposure. The most frequent drug-related adverse events included stomatitis (59%–65%), fatigue (27%–35%), and diarrhea (24%–34%) among the subgroups.
Conclusion: These results suggest that everolimus improves PFS in patients with advanced, progressive lung or GI NET, regardless of prior therapies. Safety findings were consistent with the known safety profile of everolimus in NET.
Keywords: neuroendocrine tumors, progression-free survival, somatostatin analogs, chemotherapy, PRRT
This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms.Download Article [PDF] View Full Text [HTML][Machine readable]


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The Huichols are an indigenous group inhabiting the west Mexican states of Jalisco, Nayarit, Durango, and Zacatecas, who maintain a culture distinct from Mexican society at large. Since their conquest by the Spanish in 1723, the Huichols have selectively adapted elements of Spanish and Mexican political and social norms in order to serve their best interests, whether that be the protection of their lands from usurpation, the disappearance of their culture through assimilation, or the destruction of their religion by conversion. For the Huichols, land and territory have spiritual significance, which governs their actions and reactions. A loss of land would result in a destruction of their culture and identity. Culturally unified through their religion and language, the Huichols demonstrate a political disunity by which leaders of the different Huichol towns acted in ways that were most beneficial for their communities, often without regard for how their actions may impact other Huichol towns. Ironically, it is this disunity that has helped them weather centuries of warfare, modernization, land alienation, and intrusion by national, federal, and multinational entities.
Michele McArdle Stephens
Natasha S. Varner
The India Bonita Pageant of 1921 marked a critical moment in Mexico's revolutionary identity formation. This serialized pageant hosted by the Mexico City newspaper, El Universal, also played a major role in the formulation of indigenous "authenticity," as defined by race, material culture, gender, and sexuality. The aims of the pageant were at least superficially focused on celebrating indigenous peoples, but it ultimately narrowed popular understandings of what it meant to be indigenous through its focus on select visual markers of indigeneity. It thereby discursively erased portions of the indigenous population that did not conform to these parameters. The pageant also played into broader efforts to solve the so-called Indian Problem by situating ideal indigeneity in the rural past, favoring Aztec heritage over other indigenous identities, and positioning Mestizos as the race of the future. Ultimately, this attempt at indigenous inclusion was part of broader revolutionary identity projects that sought to isolate and erase one problematic part of the population under the guise of celebrating it.
The Departamento de Bellas Artes (DBA; Department of Fine Arts) was founded as one of the departments of the Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP). It had a Music Section, which centered its activities on teaching music, at all levels in the entire country, with socialist ideology and under the firm belief that the fine arts should be part of the education of the people. To do so, it defined a repertoire of songs and their arrangements that was coherent and had a nationalistic discourse. The selection of songs was taken from diverse sources, some of which were the result of bibliographic research, mostly done in the DBA, but the important groups of melodies and songs that were sung in schools and adult choruses came from the National Music Archive, which was created to be the foundation and massive sample compilation of Mexican music. The composers and researchers at the time had little or no idea what the characteristics of indigenous music was; and to create nationalistic music and national dances, they needed references of what was Mexican, what was traditional. The archive was a massive and ambitious project, and the DBA was a national institute with the authority to write to all the governors in the country asking for references of folk music, local fiestas, and traditional dances, of which composers and researchers knew very little. Composers and musicians participated in sending in samples of scores or lyrics, then institutional programs were designed for rural teachers to compile music in distant regions and towns. Much of the material that was sent in was well known songs, popular ranchera music, and the indigenous music that was expected to create teaching and nationalist programs required so further research. Much of the music used in the educational programs derived from contributions made by rural teachers, and the indigenous music was compiled by few specialists who travelled only with their ears, pencils, and paper and returned with a rough selection of melodies that outlined the indigenous music of Mexico. Other sources of reference, music scores and dance descriptions, came from official events and dance contests held by the DBA in Michoacan, Hidalgo, Estado de México, and Mexico City.


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Are Parents to Blame When Teens Get Pregnant?
Are Parents to Blame If Live-In Boyfriend Gets Teen Pregnant?
Is cohabitation the precursor to teen pregnancy? Last night's episode of MTV's 16 & Pregnant followed Megan, 16, and her live-in boyfriend Nathan, 19. The couple conceived their baby while living under the same roof, since Megan's mother allowed Nathan to move in (because he was arguing with his own parents about playing video games) while her husband was stationed in Afghanistan. When Megan's father came home on military leave, he voiced his disappointment that the parents-to-be could no longer be kids. That said, isn't it rather adult to allow two teens to room together?


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Wholesale Fishing's Brands
As a fishing tackle wholesaler, Wholesale Fishing NZ imports and distributes a range of fishing related products across New Zealand. Akios fishing tackle, Amnesia fishing line, BaitCloud™, Clone Lures, Eze-Lap, Frichy, Hook-Eze, INOVA, Pro-Troll, Richter Lures and Ventafish™ are among the brands we distribute. Click any of the fishing tackle brands below for more information.


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Open Houses offer comprehensive exposure to our department faculty and facilities as well as Admissions and Financial Aid staff. Portfolio reviews are not available during Open House events. Prospective students who attend an SVA Open House event will receive an application fee waiver if they apply for Early Action by December 1st.
SAMPLE SCHEDULE10:00am-10:30am | Check-in and Breakfast, SVA Theatre, 333 West 23 Street


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If you've been searching for a substitute for essential oils, there's a good chance you've heard of castor oil. Castor oil has a very, very long history, and it's for everything from treating acne to regrowing eyelashes. Of course, many of its benefits are anecdotal, and scientific results remain inconclusive.
So does castor oil work as well as some people say? Will it give you the results you're looking for? Or is this a case of a product failing to live up to its hype? Most importantly, is it safe? These are a few questions you need to ask before you give castor oil a try.
What Is Castor Oil?
Castor oil is a vegetable oil that comes from the Ricinus communis plant. It's a common ingredient in several household items. However, many people also use it for a very wide range of different benefits. These are mostly related to hair and skin care. While these benefits are largely anecdotal by nature, many people swear by them.
There are a vast number of castor oil products available online, and each has their own particular characteristics. For example, this product from Handcraft Blends, which costs $ to $, is available in a variety of different scents. These include almond, coconut, grapeseed, or unscented varieties. Please be aware that this product is not safe for ingestion. It has 4.8 out of 5 stars on Amazon.
Other Useful Facts
Of course, there's a lot to learn about castor oil before you try it. Here are a few other things you might be wondering.
What are some common uses for castor oil?
As mentioned before, castor oil has a wide range of potential benefits. One of its most popular uses is hair hair and treatment. Castor oil has been shown to promote hair growth in people with thinning hair. It also makes your hair look stronger, thicker, and shinier. On a similar note, castor oil can also aid in the growth of eyebrows and eyelashes.
People also use castor oil for skin care. It helps moisturize your skin, and it also has antibacterial and antifungal properties. With that in mind, you can use castor oil to treat acne, reduce signs of aging, heal minor wounds, and fade stretch marks. Furthermore, you can also use it to relieve sore muscles and aching joints.
How does it work with essential oils?
Castor oil can also be used in combination with essential oils. Of course, some have similar benefits and applications. Doing so enhances the benefits of both. To do this, simply add a few drops of your favorite essential oil to an ounce of castor oil before applying it to your skin. In this case, the castor oil acts as a carrier oil to dilute the essential oil. That's an excellent choice if you want to combine the effects of both.
Does castor oil work?
Most customers have been very happy with the benefits they've received from castor oil. In particular, many of them were impressed with its hair care properties. They saw a very noticeable growth in their eyelashes and eyebrows. They also felt it made their hair look thicker. That was especially promising for aging women with thinning hair.
Most complaints about castor oil have to do with its consistency. Several customers noted that it tends to be very thick and greasy. However, even most of these customers were happy with their results. So although most of castor oil's benefits are largely anecdotal, it seems it might really work as well as it claims.
Is it safe?
Again, castor oil is not safe for ingestion. Although people occasionally recommend using it as a laxative, this is a potentially dangerous practice that can have several harmful consequences. These could include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, or labor inducement.
You should also note that some people may have an allergic reaction to castor oil. In these cases, you may experience rashes or skin irritation. It's best to test castor oil on a small portion of your skin before you do any serious application. Of course, these are not typical situations. In the vast majority of cases, castor oil is perfectly safe.
How Much Does It Cost?
- 100% PURE & NATURAL CASTOR OIL unfiltered, undiluted without any additives or fillers. Rich in vitamins and fatty acids...
- CASTOR OIL FOR HAIR can be used to enhance the natural color of your hair and make it look rich and thick. This oil is a...
- HELPS GROW EYELASHES castor oil is jammed packed with fantastic nutrients that promote natural lash growth. This thick...
The cost of castor oil tends to vary depending on the brand and the size of the container. That said, a 16-ounce container of castor oil will typically cost between $ and $$. That is a very small price to pay when you consider all of its potential benefits. It's also very comparable to the price of essential oils and other natural products. When buying castor oil, make sure you always buy from a reputable source. This will help you ensure the quality and safety of the product.
How We Reviewed
Our opinions of the following products were largely informed by customer reviews from sites such as Amazon. We also used various other websites to research the benefits and uses regarding each product. When reviewing these oils, we looked at aspects such as benefits, results, price, and safety concerns.
How Does It Compare to Other Natural Products?
Of course, there are a few alternatives to castor oil out there. Let's see how it compares to other natural oils. Please be aware that these products are not safe for ingestion with one exception.
- Contains: 1 x 16 oz. tub of Organic Extra Virgin Coconut Oil by Sky Organics.
- 100% Pure Organic Coconut Oil: Our Organic Coconut Oil is 100% pure and cold-pressed so it retains all of its...
- Moisturizes Hair and Skin: Sky Organics Coconut Oil provides intense moisture and supports softer skin and hair –...
Coconut oil is another natural product that's sometimes referred to as a miracle oil. Like castor oil, it has an incredibly wide array of uses. Many people use it as a conditioner for their hair. It's also a skin moisturizer. In this capacity, it's believed to treat eczema and protect your skin from the sun. Some people even use it to whiten their smiles. Unlike the other items on this list, you can also ingest it safely. You can use it as an ingredient in a variety of different dishes, and it's often a substitute replacement for butter.
Most customers who used coconut oil have been absolutely in love with the smell. They also said it really works as well as it claims. In particular, a large number of people had success using it as a moisturizer for their skin. On the downside, it tends to mold rather quickly. In these cases, the sweet smell can turn sour very fast. It's also very sensitive to temperature. It melts when it gets hot, and this can cause it to go bad.
A 16-ounce container of coconut oil will typically cost between $ and $$. That is very comparable to an average container of castor oil. Unlike castor oil, you can safely use coconut oil with your food. It's a good choice if you're looking for something that smells good and tastes good. However, you might get annoyed with how quickly it spoils. If you think this will be an issue, you might want to go with castor oil instead.
- NATURAL BODY OIL FOR SOFT SKIN & IMPROVED COMPLEXION – If you're looking for an almond body oil for dry skin,...
- FAST-ABSORBING & NON-GREASY SWEET ALMOND OIL – Sweet almond oil for skin (aka aceite de almendras) is one of the most...
- SWEET ALMOND CARRIER OIL PERFECT FOR DIY BEAUTY BLENDS – Pure almond oil makes the perfect carrier oil for essential...
Almond oil is also popularly believed to have a wide variety of potential benefits. Many of these are skin-related. Some people use it to treat eczema and psoriasis. They also use it to fight signs of aging. You can even use it as baby oil. Furthermore, almond oil can remove dandruff and make your hair stronger and healthier. Or you can use it as a massage oil to relieve aches and pains. Please be aware that this product cannot be ingested safely.
This product has received many rave reviews from its customers. People have used it in a variety of different ways. Some of these include massage, removing stretch marks, and removing makeup. Almost everyone was happy with the results. Most of the complaints have been fairly minor. Some people didn't like the fact that it has virtually no smell. There were also customers who didn't care for its watery consistency.
A 16-ounce container of almond oil will cost between $ and $$. Again, this is very similar to what you'll pay for castor oil. The quality is also very similar. That said, castor oil generally has a wider range of benefits and comes in scented varieties. Because of this, castor oil could still be considered the better choice.
No products found.
Jojoba Oil is often used as a carrier oil for essential oil, but many believe it has several benefits in its own right. People often use it in their skincare routines. Some use it to treat acne and psoriasis or remove wrinkles. Many believe it to be a safe way to remove makeup as well. In addition to this, people use jojoba oil to fight hair loss due to alopecia. It also makes your hair softer and shinier. It's even used to fight infections. Please note that this product is not safe for ingestion.
A great number of customers used jojoba oil successfully to treat many different kinds of skin issues. It did an excellent job of clearing up acne, wrinkles, and psoriasis. It worked wonders in all of these cases. Unfortunately, many customers also complained about the smell. This oil can have a very strong odor. Also, there were some complaints about customers having an allergic reaction. If you use it, you'll want to test it to make sure you're not allergic with a spot test before you commit to it.
A 16-ounce container of jojoba oil will usually cost between $ and $$. That is only slightly more expensive than castor oil. Overall, it might be worth trying if you're dealing with stubborn skin issues. However, you want to make sure the smell is something you can deal with. You also want to make sure you're not allergic to it. Otherwise, it might be better to stick with castor oil.
- DAILY PROTECTION: Common toxins such as pollution or sun exposure can cause further damage to skin and hair....
- SALON-LIKE TREATMENT: Argan Oil for hair locks in natural moisture by boosting superior hydration levels. Its...
- SKIN NOURISHMENT: Helps reduce redness and skin irritation with its anti-aging properties. A non-comedogenic facial oil...
benefits is another popular natural oil product. Many people believe it has some useful benefits when it comes to hair and skin care. It moisturizes your skin and fights irritation and inflammation. It also prevents wrinkles and dry skin. Additionally, many believe argan oil has the power to make your hair healthier as well. It makes it look thicker and shinier. Like most of the products on this list, argan oil is not safe for ingestion.
Most customers have been very happy with this product. In particular, many have used it successfully to treat dry skin. They also liked what it did for their hair. It takes away the frizz and makes it look healthier in general. However, there were also several customers who didn't like its greasy consistency. Also, it quickly develops a very pungent odor when it gets too old.
A 16-ounce container of argan oil should cost between $$ and $$$. Again, this is a little more expensive than castor oil. It might be worth buying if you've been dealing with dry skin and other oils aren't doing the trick. But once again, the smell could be an issue. Castor oil doesn't have this problem, and it has a potentially wider range of benefits. Pura D'or Moroccan Argan Oil has 4.5 out of 5 stars on Amazon.
Castor Oil Pros and Cons
For the most part, castor oil does everything it claims to do. It helps stimulate the growth of hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows. It also has numerous skin benefits, including the reduction of acne and wrinkles. And you don't have to spend much money either. On the downside, it does have a very thick, greasy consistency. That's a minor issue overall. More importantly, people with allergies can experience certain side effects when using it.
Is Castor Oil Right for You?
At the end of the day, castor oil can be a very effective alternative to essential oils. It has a great number of potential benefits, and it does everything it claims. If you're not getting the results you're looking for from your current oils, then castor oil is something you should consider.
Of course, you want to make sure you're not allergic first. Again, it's a good idea to try it on a small patch of skin before any serious application. If you experience any irritation, then it might not be for you. Aside from that, castor oil is an excellent choice for those looking for something different.


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The impact of consanguinity on the frequency of inborn errors of metabolism
Introduction: We investigated the frequency of consanguinity among the parents to newborns with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) diagnosed by neonatal screening.
Methods: Data were obtained from 15 years of national newborn screening for selected IEM with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Among the 838,675 newborns from Denmark, The Faroe Islands and Greenland,
a total of 196 newborns had an IEM of whom 155 from Denmark were included in this study. These results were crosschecked against medical records. Information on consanguinity was extracted from medical records and obtained through telephone contact with the families.
Results: Among ethnic Danes, two cases of consanguinity were identified among 93 families (2.15%). Among ethnic minorities, there were 20 cases of consanguinity among a total of 33 families (60.6%). Consequently, consanguinity was 28.2 times more frequent among descendants of other geographic places of origin than Denmark. The frequency of consanguinity was high among children of Pakistani, Afghan, Turkish and Arab origin (71.4%). The overall frequency of IEM was 25.5 times higher among children of these ethnic groups than among ethnic Danish children (5.35:10,000 versus 0.21:10,000). The frequency of IEM was 30-fold and 50-fold higher among Pakistanis (6.5:10,000) and Afghans (10.6:10,000), respectively, compared with ethnic Danish children.
Conclusions: The data indicate a strong association between consanguinity and IEM. These figures may be useful to health professionals providing antenatal, paediatric and clinical genetic services.
Funding: none.
Trial registration: not relevant.
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders that constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adults. The outcome of many IEM is directly related to how early correct diagnoses are made and appropriate treatment instituted. Most of the IEM are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and the majority of cases are due to enzymatic defects arising from aberrations in single genes. According to one study, about 80% of enzyme defects are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner [1]. Autosomal recessive IEM are characterised by their varying frequencies in different ethnic groups as a result of natural selection, genetic drift, founder effect and large-scale migration from countries where consanguinity is favoured [2]. This is apparent in a somewhat ethnically diverse country like Denmark and other Western societies, where migration from countries with a tradition for consanguineous unions has been a significant demographic feature [3], thus, having an impact on the patient profile of medical genetics clinics in recipient countries
[4, 5].
To determine the genetic basis of IEM in Denmark, we conducted a national study and investigated the frequency of IEM among ethnic minorities and the ethnic Danish population to establish whether an association exists between the frequency of consanguinity and the prevalence of IEM with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
This study was retrospectively designed in the Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Denmark. Based on results from the National Danish expanded neonatal screening for selected IEM that was initiated in 2002 [6], the medical records of all neonates from 2002 to April 2017 with a true positive result for an IEM were reviewed for consanguinity. In cases where the information stated in the medical records was
not adequate, additional information was gathered through telephone contact with the affected children's parents.
The selection of IEM was based on criteria such as national disease frequencies; availability of effective treatment, severity of disorder; benefit of early treatment; prevention of early death; no clinical signs at birth; detectability by an easy and precise screening method – for further details see Lund et al [6].
In our study, parental consanguinity was defined according to the definition applied in clinical genetics as a union between two individuals related as second cousins or closer [7].
Figure 1 presents a flow diagram of the inclusion of cases. A total of 196 neonates were reported with an IEM. Among these, 41 referred to the department from Greenland and The Faroe Islands were excluded. These are relatively small and homogenous populations, and we wanted to establish if there was any significant difference in the frequency of consanguinity between
ethnic Danes and ethnic minorities with an IEM with a recessive mode of inheritance in a population of significant size and ethnic diversity. The remaining 155 patients comprised 117 ethnic Danes, including nine sets of sibs, and 38 (Turks n = 10, Pakistanis n = 7, Afghans n = 8, Arab n = 8, other n = 5), including three sets of sibs, primarily originating from Turkey, Pakistan, Afghanistan and the Middle East. Among the 155 patients, information about consanguinity could not be obtained in 16 patients, and one was a functional heterozygote (both mutations were on the same chromosome, inherited from his father). Nonetheless, the 16 patients were included in the calculation of the prevalence of disease since the diagnosis and ethnicity were known. However, among these same 16 patients, 14 in the ethnic Danish patient group and two in the ethnic minority groups were not included in the calculation of consanguinity. Knowing their IEM diagnosis, omitting these patients would have given a false impression of disease frequencies of IEM in the different ethnic groups.
When calculating the prevalence of disease and consanguinity in the ethnic groups, more than one case of the same disease in a sibship was counted as a single case.
We gathered information related to the patient's name and personal identification number, nationality/ethnicity (by maternal country of birth), diagnosis, mutation and family history – whether the neonate was born to consanguineous parents or not, and previous history of genetically affected sibs.
Demographic and statistical data on ethnic groups were gathered from the Danish Statistics Bureau, Statistics Denmark Since all the neonates in the ethnic minority groups were born in Denmark they are, according to the classification in Statistics Denmark, defined as descendants [8]. We defined ethnicity of the child by the mother's country of birth, similar to the definition used by Statistics Denmark. The statistics are based on data obtained from the Danish Central Population Register [8, 9].
We collected data on the number of inhabitants in Denmark (Danish citizenship) on 1 April 2017, number of inhabitants in Denmark defined as ethnic Danes, i.e. inhabitants with Denmark as their country of origin on 1 April 2017, and number of Pakistani, Turkish, Afghan and Arab (Arab = Jordanians, Somalis, Palestinians) descendants in Denmark with Danish and foreign citizenship on 1 April 2017.
The inclusion criteria were a confirmed diagnosis of an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, address in Denmark and knowledge of family history (± consanguinity).
Trial registration: not relevant.
During the 15 years succeeding the introduction of the National Danish expanded neonatal screening for selected IEM, 838,675 children were born in Denmark, Greenland and The Faroe Islands. By April 2017, IEM with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance affecting the major biochemical areas of amino acid, organic acid and carbohydrate metabolism had been diagnosed in 196 children born during this period. Table 1 shows the cases of IEM detected in ethnic Danes and ethnic minorities. All the patients are included, including cases among sibs.
In the ethnic Danish population (Table 1), nine cases of disease were found among sibs. Additionally, one patient was a true screen positive for an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder (holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency), but further examination by use of molecular genetic analysis showed that the patient was functionally a heterozygote, i.e. both mutations were on the same chromosome inherited from his father. These ten cases were excluded. The remaining 107 patients represented 107 families with autosomal recessive disease.
Among ethnic minorities (Table 1), there were three cases of disease among sibs, which were excluded. The remaining 35 patients represented 35 families with autosomal recessive disease.
Table 1 shows that medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) was the most frequently found IEM among ethnic Danes and ethnic minorities alike. Among Danes, 58% had MCADD; among ethnic minorities, the frequency was 36.8%.
Table 2 shows the frequency of consanguinity in the different ethnic groups. Of the 33 sets of parents from ethnic minorities, about whom information about consanguinity was available, 20 were consanguineous, i.e. 60.6%. Among Danes, two cases of consanguinity were found among 93 families, i.e. 2.15%. Thus, the frequency of consanguinity was 28.2 times more frequent among ethnic minorities than among ethnic Danes. The frequency of consanguinity was conspicuously high among children of Pakistani, Afghan, Turkish and Arab origin (71.4%).
Table 3 shows the prevalence of IEM in the different ethnic groups. More than one case of disease among sibs was counted as a single case. In addition to a high frequency of consanguinity, the prevalence of disease was also significantly higher in ethnic minorities than in ethnic Danes. The frequency of IEM among Danes and ethnic minorities compared with the overall number of Danes and descendants of the above-
mentioned ethnic groups was 0.21/10,000 and 5.35/10,000, respectively. As a result, the frequency of autosomal recessive metabolic disorders was 25.5 times higher among children of Pakistani, Turkish, Afghan and Arab origin than among ethnic Danes.
This is the largest report of IEM in the offspring of consanguineous unions in Denmark. Although the nationwide neonatal screening for IEM is limited to selected disorders, it is important to remember that IEM are a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders and that the total number of patients in the study diagnosed with an IEM is relatively high.
The high frequency of MCADD is, especially for the Danish group (58.0%), not a striking observation given that MCADD is the most prevalent non-phenylketonuria congenital metabolic disorder in Western countries [11]. Moreover, increased frequencies of mutations have been found following the implementation
of neonatal screening [6].
Compared to the ethnic Danish population, the prevalence of autosomal recessive IEM is conspicuously high among ethnic minorities in the study (Table 3). The findings show a highly significant association between consanguinity and IEM. This association with consanguinity is predictable since all cases of IEM in the study have an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, and migrants from countries where consanguinity is common tend to preserve traditional patterns of marriage [12, 13]. In the present study, consanguineous unions were found to be more frequent among people from Pakistan, Turkey and Afghanistan. These are countries where consanguineous unions are common [3]. The high proportion of Pakistani, Turkish, Afghan and Arab patients might be the result of the high rate of parental consanguinity. Although control for medical and sociodemographic variables, e.g. maternal age, Body Mass Index, occupation, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, nutrition, parity and medical problems during pregnancy could have been instructive, it is highly unlikely that most of these variables would increase the frequency of a disease with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance [7, 14].
Some well-investigated studies on risk factors for congenital anomalies that also controlled for non-genetic variables have demonstrated a highly significant association between consanguinity and congenital anomalies. These studies had contemporary control groups and were of sufficient size to achieve significance in comparisons between the offspring of consanguineous and those of non-consanguineous unions. In a Norwegian study [15], the proportion of congenital anomalies in children of Pakistani origin born to first cousins that could be attributed to consanguinity was 28%, which is similar to what was reported from a UK study (31%) [16]. The Norwegian and the UK study reported an adjusted relative risk for congenital anomaly of 2.15 and 2.19, respectively, for children of Pakistani origin who were the product of a first-cousin union. The Danish Pakistani community merits particular attention. Many studies have identified consanguinity as a causal factor for the elevated rates of congenital anomalies among some ethnic minorities, particularly the Pakistani community. Specifically for IEM, another prospective study on births in Birmingham during the 1980s concluded that if the tradition of consanguineous marriage was abandoned by the Pakistani community, a 60% reduction in deaths and severe morbidity would be achieved [17]. An associated study reported that the overall prevalence of IEM in UK Pakistani children was ten-fold higher than in children of European heritage, among whom parental consanguinity was estimated to be 0.2% [2]. Comparing
countries separately, our findings show that children
of Pakistani origin had the second highest prevalence
of IEM, and the highest proportion of consanguinity. Consequently, consanguinity was 46.5 times more frequent among Pakistani descendants than among ethnic Danes (2.15%). The prevalence of IEM among Pakistani descendants was 6.5/10,000 (Table 3). As a result, the frequency of autosomal recessive metabolic disorders was 31 times higher among children of Pakistani origin than among ethnic Danes (0.21/
10,000). The relatively high number of diagnosed cases (n = 41) referred from Greenland and The Faroe Islands is most likely explained by a founder effect and genetic drift [18]. In a previous study by the authors (AL, FS), it was observed that carnitine transporter deficiency and holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency were relatively frequent among patients referred from The Faroe Islands to our department for diagnosis and treatment [19].
The study is the largest report relating to data for IEM in the offspring of consanguineous unions in Denmark. Our findings confirm that the offspring of consanguineous unions have an increased risk of IEM. Couples contemplating such unions should be advised of these risks; however, advice should be given with sociological awareness. Ethnic groups may have different perceptions of genetic disease and risk factors. This can have an impact on their preferences toward genetic counselling and treatment [20]. Linguistic barriers may also limit comprehension of genetic issues. A study found increased attendance of Pakistanis at a medical genetic clinic if a Pakistani doctor was also present, possibly due to an enhanced understanding of language and culture [21].
Demographic changes have significantly impacted the patient profile of clinical genetic services in many countries [4, 5]. As a result, knowledge about the health outcomes of consanguinity is pertinent for healthcare professionals providing clinical genetic services and for primary care takers who assist consanguineous couples in making informed decisions about family planning. Perhaps even education programmes at the secondary school level and leaflets in relevant languages on recessive diseases and consanguinity might prove beneficial. The results of this study will hopefully increase the knowledge of and inform health personnel who work with communities at increased risk.
Correspondence: Raja Majid Afzal. E-mail: email@example.com
Accepted: 8 August 2018
Conflicts of Interest: none. Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at Ugeskriftet.dk/dmj
Jimenez-Sanchez G, Childs B, Valle D. Human disease genes. Nature 2001;409:853-5.
Hutchesson AC, Bundey S, Preece MA et al. A comparison of disease and gene frequencies of inborn errors of metabolism among different ethnic groups in the West Midlands, UK. J Med Genet 1998;35:366-70.
Bittles A, Black ML. Global patterns & tables of consanguinity. 2015. http://consang.net/index.php/Global_prevalence (28 Aug 2017).
Bennett RL, Motulsky AG, Bittles A et al. Genetic counseling and screening of consanguineous couples and their offspring: recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors. J Genet Couns 2002;11:97-119.
Port KE, Mountain H, Nelson J et al. Changing profile of couples seeking genetic counseling for consanguinity in Australia. Am J Med Genet 2005;132A:159-63.
Lund AM, Hougaard DM, Simonsen H et al. Biochemical screening of 504,049 newborns in Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Greenland - experience and development of a routine program for expanded newborn screening. Mol Genet Metab 2012;107:281-93.
Hamamy H, Antonarakis SE, Cavalli-Sforza LL et al. Consanguineous marriages, pearls and perils: Geneva International Consanguinity Workshop Report. Genet Med 2011;13:841-7.
Statistics Denmark. Documentation of Statistics for Immigrants and Descendants. Copenhagen: Statistics Denmark, 2016. https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/
immigrants-and-descendants (15 Aug 2017).
Pedersen CB. The Danish Civil Registration System. Scand J Public Health 2011;39:22-5.
Danish Statistics Bureau, Statistics Denmark. Statistikbanken, 1 Apr 2017 (2017Q1).
Wilcken B, Wiley V, Hammond J et al. Screening newborns for inborn errors of metabolism by tandem mass spectrometry. N Engl J Med 2003;348:2304-12.
Bittles A. Consanguinity and its relevance to clinical genetics. Clin Genet 2001;60:89-98.
Albar MA. Ethical considerations in the prevention and management of genetic disorders with special emphasis on religious considerations. Saudi Med J 2002;23:627-32.
Bittles A, Black ML. Evolution in health and medicine Sackler Colloquium: consanguinity, human evolution, and complex diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107:1779-86.
Stoltenberg C, Magnus P, Lie RT et al. Birth defects and parental consanguinity in Norway. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:439-48.
Sheridan E, Wright J, Small N et al. Risk factors for congenital anomaly in a multiethnic birth cohort: an analysis of the born in Bradford study. Lancet 2013;382:1350-9.
Bundey S, Alam H. A five-year prospective study of the health of children in different ethnic groups, with particular reference to the effect of inbreeding. Eur J Hum Genet 1993;1:206-19.
Santer R, Kinner M, Steuerwald U et al. Molecular genetic basis and prevalence of glycogen storage disease type IIIA in the Faroe Islands. Eur J Hum Genet 2001;9:388-91.
Lund AM, Joensen F, Hougaard DM et al. Carnitine transporter and
holocarboxylase synthetase deficiencies in The Faroe Islands.
J Inherit Metab Dis 2007;30:341-9.
Shaw A. Genetic counseling for Muslim families of Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin in Britain. eLS 2016;1-5.
Roberts A, Cullen R, Bundey S. The representation of ethnic minorities at genetic clinics in Birmingham. J Med Genet 1996;33:56-8.


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