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An Invisible Curtain Falls Between Russia and the West
This article was originally published at Stratfor.com
By Jon Sather
The Cold War ended over 25 years ago, but the lingering Soviet specter continues to haunt the Western world. Since the election of Russian President Vladimir Putin in March 2000, a new conflict has been brewing, this time in cyberspace. And on a battlefield monopolized by the United States and Russia, the historical threats of nuclear war, ambitions of global dominance and aspirations of containing the enemy may not be the relics of the past we imagine them to be.
The Next Weapon of Mass Destruction
Nuclear war is still a very real and pressing threat. But the increasingly pervasive cyber threat is just as critical and even harder to counter. Layered onto the tensions that arose during the Cold War, cyberwarfare has added new dimensions to politically based threats, scalability of tactics, deniability of action and strategies of containment — all made possible, and performed remotely, with a new weapon: the computer. As Mr. Wabash so aptly put in "Three Days of the Condor," it's hard not to "miss that kind of clarity" the old Cold War provided.
Of course, Winston Churchill's vivid image of an Iron Curtain descending around the Soviet bloc has stuck with us to this day. But instead of a somber, morosely elegant red curtain separating East from West, it is now a digital hologram, a virtual reality of misdirection on the international stage. Behind this invisible curtain are clear antagonists, at least from the United States' perspective: Russia, China and Iran. But the lines of culpability have been blurred by the entrance of state and non-state actors, rogues and proxy groups, criminals and activists — each armed with an array of digital tools tailored to suit its ambitions. The barriers to entry in a burgeoning global conflict have never been so low: All you need are a brain, a motive and a computer.
This is what the new Cyber Cold War looks like, an era in which perceptions become the reality. And if Russia's hacking of the Democratic National Committee last year is any indication, the most powerful tools at each nation's disposal will be obfuscation, deniability and misdirection.
Fanning the Flames Within
These tools fall within the realm of Covert Action Information Operations (CA/IO), a perceptual construct that will define how the Cyber Cold War plays out. A field with a rich and storied history, CA/IO tactics tap into existing popular sentiments to offer the world's intelligence agencies a variety of ways and means, stealth, invisibility and a measurable (if often delayed) impact. For instance, in World War II the British conceived of and executed Operation Mincemeat, which shortened the war considerably by using misdirection to hide the Allies' planned attack routes through the Mediterranean from the Nazis. Then, during the Cold War, the CIA helped to encourage the mass consumption of Boris Pasternak's Dr. Zhivago within the Soviet Union, subtly spurring opposition to the government over time.
The effects of CA/IO can be tough to measure, but they are often clear nonetheless. The same is true of such operations conducted in cyberspace, as a cursory glance at Russia's recent meddling in Western elections shows. In the years ahead, cyber tools will become the new "active measures" — the Soviet term for acts of political warfare intended to shape global events — as perpetrators use them to hide in plain sight, create subterfuge, maintain plausible deniability and shift blame to convenient scapegoats.
Perhaps no one has proved more adept at this over the past few years than the Russians. In hopes of achieving political and territorial dominance, driving Europe's disintegration and undermining the United States' image worldwide, the Kremlin's intelligence services have begun to skillfully combine overt military action with largely covert cyber CA/IO attacks — to great effect. In Syria, Russia has targeted the rebels attempting to overthrow President Bashar al Assad with airstrikes and misdirection campaigns alike. Closer to home, it softened the battlefield in Crimea and Ukraine with CA/IO attacks before launching an invasion on the ground. Putin has even publicly left the door to further military action open, claiming it would only be used as a "last resort." First soft power, second hard power, third occupation — as simple as 1, 2, 3. (To add insult to injury, Putin was nominated for the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize the day after he moved troops into Crimea.)
Last year Moscow took advantage of similar conditions in America to make inroads into U.S. politics. The Kremlin, aware of the public's simmering frustration with politicians in Washington, hacked into the Democratic National Committee and leaked information in a manner designed to confound and poison the electoral atmosphere. Not only that, it used proxies to do its dirty work, sowing doubt and driving the wedge between right and left even deeper. All Putin had to do was set the wheels in motion and watch the ensuing drama's own momentum carry it forward, wreaking havoc along the way.
A War by Any Other Name
So is the Cold War really over, or has the front line simply moved from the open, physical landscape to a hidden, virtual one? After all, CA/IO doesn't happen on a whim; it is used with intention, which Russia certainly still has when it comes to dividing and weakening its enemies. That much, at least, has not changed, even if the tactics it uses to achieve that goal have.
Russia's newfound reliance on cyber CA/IO warfare has also changed the face of geopolitics, shrinking the world as we know it into a collection of zeros and ones that knows none of the constraints imposed by distance or terrain. Meanwhile, adversaries conceal their hands not by the cover of darkness but by hiding in plain sight. Armed with attack software that cannot be traced back to them, these enemies use the genius of misdirection and misinformation to target systems left unprotected, creating both the perceptions they desire and the deniability they need to achieve their ends.
It's no wonder that Western leaders and institutions have been flummoxed by this new Cyber Cold War. Rather than addressing it head-on, many have chosen to commit fratricide by pointing the finger at anyone but the true culprit. All the while, U.S. intelligence chiefs have urged President Donald Trump to take action against state-sponsored cyber activity emanating from Russia. An easy place to start is to candidly call it what it is.
Perhaps it is time for the world's greatest powers to acknowledge that the Cold War is far from over. That the events unfolding before our eyes are a virtual reality created by disinformation, misinformation and manipulation, driven by motives we have not paid proper attention to. Putin's cyber operations have undermined America's institutions, but they have not weakened its resolve. The U.S. system of governance is resilient, fortified by a robust democracy and the rule of law. Russia's, however, is more fragile, a fact Putin knows well.
Putin's Potemkin
Russia's landscape is vast and verdant, and its people are dedicated to a culture of arts, science and music. But energy and weapons exports are no longer enough to sustain the country's weakening economy. Atop this tenuous house of cards sits Putin, who is hoping that misdirection will buy him time with his own people. What happens when Russians grow tired of Putin's mantra that the world, led by the United States, is out to get them? The master tactician has used Moscow's ventures in Ukraine and Syria to distract his people from the problems they face at home, but can he sustain that strategy for much longer?
Putin is living in a glass house at the center of a modern Potemkin village. The Russia of today has the stacked-deck, hollow feel of the late 1980s and early 1990s — an era his people certainly don't want to return to, because they haven't forgotten how it ended.
This article was written by Stratfor from Forbes and was legally licensed through the NewsCred publisher network. Please direct all licensing questions to email@example.com.
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The Supreme Court of Canada's much anticipated decisions in Mattel, Inc. v. 3894207 Canada Inc ., 2006 SCC 22 ("Mattel") and Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin v. Boutiques Cliquot Ltée , 2006 SCC 23 1 ("Veuve Clicquot") released June 2, 2006 are a welcome addition to Canadian trade-mark jurisprudence. In addition to finally resolving the Pink Panther/Lexus controversy and generally clarifying the test for trade-mark confusion, the companion decisions confirm that famous and well known trade-marks are capable of a broad scope of protection while they simultaneously serve as a caution to brand owners that such broad protection will only be afforded if it is warranted in the totality of the circumstances. Also, in laying out a four-part test for depreciation of goodwill of a registered trade-mark under section 22 of the Trade-marks Act , Veuve Clicquot has revitalized that cause of action. Finally, the Supreme Court offered helpful insights into other aspects of Canadian trade-mark law.
Clarifying Pink Panther/Lexus The test for confusion in Canada was itself in a state of confusion following the controversial decision of the Federal Court of Appeal in Pink Panther Beauty Corp. v. United Artists Corp., [1998] 3 F.C. 534 ("Pink Panther") 2 and the subsequent decision of that court in Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha v. Lexus Foods Inc ., [2001] 2 F.C. 15 ("Lexus"). Sub-section 6(2) of Trade-marks Act 3 provides that one trade-mark causes confusion with another if the use of both trade-marks in the same area would be likely to lead to the inference that the wares or services associated therewith are manufactured, sold, leased, hired or performed by the same person, whether or not the wares or services are of the same general class . However, despite the wording of the legislation, the Pink Panther and Lexus decisions suggested that only in exceptional circumstances, if ever, could there be a finding of confusion without evidence of some connection between the wares/services of the two marks. Unsurprisingly, these decisions did not sit well with many owners and licensees of well known brands who held the view that the scope of protection for famous trade-marks should transcend traditional product and service lines. Some perceived Pink Panther and Lexus as evidence that Canada, which has no legislation directed specifically at the protection of famous or well known trade-marks, is weak on those seeking a free ride on the goodwill of another's famous trade-mark. 4 It was against this background that Mattel, the toy manufacturer and owner of the famous registered trade-marks BARBIE and BARBIE'S (the "Barbie Marks"), and Veuve Clicquot, the champagne maker and owner of the famous registered trade-mark VEUVE CLICQUOT, each received leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada when the Federal Court of Appeal ruled against their respective cases. Mattel sought to prevent a restaurant chain from obtaining a Canadian trade-mark registration for the mark BARBIE'S & Design (see Figure 1) for use in association with restaurant-related services, on the basis that there was a reasonable likelihood that consumers would erroneously believe the restaurant was affiliated with the famous BARBIE brand. 5 Veuve Clicquot sought to prevent a clothing retailer from continuing to use the retailer's own registered trade-mark CLIQUOT in association with mid-range women's clothing stores on the basis that (i) customers walking into the shops would be confused into believing the clothing emanated from the same source as the champagne, and (ii) that the brand equity built up in Canada since the 19th century in association with the upmarket luxury bubbly would be devalued. In each case, the decisions below contained factual findings that there was no connection between the wares of Mattel and Veuve Clicquot and the services of their respective opposite parties, and dismissed the complaints citing Pink Panther and Lexus . Mattel and Veuve Clicquot hoped to convince the Supreme Court that Pink Panther and Lexus had been wrongly decided and that famous trade-marks are worthy of a broad scope of protection in Canada despite any difference in the nature of the wares and services at issue. In Mattel and Veuve Clicquot , the Supreme Court agreed that the "exceptional circumstances, if ever" test as contained in Pink Panther was incorrect and stated that Lexus was wrong insofar as it suggested that a finding of confusion required "some resemblance or linkage" between the wares. 6 However, satisfied that the lower courts' previous rulings in Mattel and Veuve Clicquot, despite references to Pink Panther and Lexus, were nonetheless decided on the correct test for confusion, the Supreme Court dismissed the appeals and maintained that there was no likelihood of confusion in either case.
The Test for Confusion The Supreme Court restated the test for confusion in Canada: confusion will arise between two trade-marks if it is likely in all the surrounding circumstances that, as a matter of first impression in the mind of an ordinary casual consumer somewhat in a hurry who sees the trade-mark of one party at a time when they have no more than an imperfect recollection of the trade-mark of the other party and does not pause to give the matter any detailed consideration or scrutiny nor to examine closely the similarities and differences between the marks, that consumer will be led to the mistaken inference that the wares or services associated with those trade-marks are manufactured, sold, leased, hired or performed by the same person, whether or not the wares or services are of the same general class. 7 The Supreme Court noted that s.6(5) of the Trade-marks Act lists five such surrounding circumstances that must be taken into account, 8 but confirmed that this list is not exhaustive and that different circumstances will be given different weight in a context-specific assessment. 9 The totality of the circumstances dictates how each consideration should be treated. 10
The Impact of Fame in the Confusion Analysis After commenting on Mattel's submissions that the scope of protection of famous marks in Canada was an important justification for the 1953 amendments to the Trade-marks Act , 11 the Supreme Court acknowledged Parliament's recognition that fame is a factor that must be considered in a confusion analysis. 12 On the specific issue of the potential impact of the fame of a trade-mark in a confusion analysis, the Supreme Court held in Mattel that "fame is capable of carrying the mark across product lines where lesser marks would be circumscribed to their traditional wares or services" 13 [emphasis added]. However, the Court stressed that fame is only one factor in the confusion analysis which requires consideration of all of the surrounding circumstances: "a difference in wares or services does not deliver the knockout blow, but nor does the fame of the trade-mark. Each situation must be judged in its full factual context." 14 The Supreme Court went on to say in Veuve Clicquot that a determination that a mark is famous is an important one, "because fame presupposes that the mark transcends at least to some extent the wares with which it is normally associated" 15 [emphasis added]. However, the Court recognized that fame is not a monolithic construct. Responding to the intervener the International Trademark Association's ("INTA") submission in Veuve Clicquot that the importance of a connection between the parties' wares and services diminishes as the strength of a mark increases, and in the case of a famous mark it has little bearing on the question of confusion, 16 the Supreme Court held:
This proposition, with respect, is an oversimplification. Famous marks do not come in one size. Some trade-marks may be well known but have very specific associations ( Buckley's cough mixture is advertised as effective despite its terrible taste, not, one would think, a brand image desirable for restaurants). Other famous marks, like Walt Disney , may indeed have largely transcended product line differences. 17
This proposition, with respect, is an oversimplification. Famous marks do not come in one size. Some trade-marks may be well known but have very specific associations ( Buckley's cough mixture is advertised as effective despite its terrible taste, not, one would think, a brand image desirable for restaurants). Other famous marks, like Walt Disney , may indeed have largely transcended product line differences. 17
Mattel and Veuve Clicquot thus offer a caution to famous mark owners not to rely solely on evidence of fame when seeking a remedy. Although the Supreme Court explained Pink Panther/Lexus to clarify that a difference in wares or services does not preclude a determination of confusion, it also emphasized that the fame of a trade-mark will not avoid the assessment of all the surrounding circumstances. 18 At the conclusion of a confusion analysis, after all of the surrounding circumstances have been weighed, fame – despite the presupposition of transcendence attaching to that factor when considered in isolation – may not be sufficient to raise a likelihood of confusion.
Depreciation of Goodwill Separate from the issue of consumer confusion, Veuve Clicquot argued that the Cliquot women's wear stores diminished the brand equity in its trade-marks. Subsection 22(1) provides:
No person shall use a trade-mark registered by another person in a manner that is likely to have the effect of depreciating the value of the goodwill attaching thereto.
No person shall use a trade-mark registered by another person in a manner that is likely to have the effect of depreciating the value of the goodwill attaching thereto.
The Supreme Court reviewed the history of the introduction of this provision into the Act, looked at similar provisions in foreign jurisdictions, and noted that "Section 22 of our Act has received surprisingly little judicial attention in the more than half century since its enactment." The Court then went on to analyze the four elements of the cause of action, as follows:
(1) Defendant's use of claimant's registered trade-mark in association with wares or services The Supreme Court confirmed that the use by the defendant must be as defined in section 4 of the Act, but noted that the wares and services did not have to be competitive with those of the claimant. Most importantly, the Court clarified that the mark used by the defendant was not required to be identical to the complainant's registered mark, and observed that the provision was available if the casual observer would recognize the mark used by the defendant as the mark of the complainant. 19 This finding has the prospect of giving new life to Section 22 and will likely contribute to its increased judicial attention in the coming years.
(2) Claimant's registered mark is sufficiently well known to have significant goodwill Unlike the analogous European and U.S. laws, Section 22 does not require the mark to be well known or famous, however, the Court noted that the provision "presupposes the existence of significant goodwill capable of being depreciated by a non-confusing use." In determining the existence of goodwill capable of depreciation by a non-confusing use, the Court listed the following factors to consider: 20
(a) ability of the mark to retain its source significance when encountered outside the context of the goods or services with which the mark is used by the owner;
(b) degree of recognition of the mark within the relevant universe of consumers;
(c) volume of sales and depth of market penetration of products associated with the claimant's mark;
(d) the extent and duration of advertising and publicity accorded the claimant's mark;
(e) the geographic reach of the claimant's mark;
(f) its degree of inherent or acquired distinctiveness;
(g) whether products associated with the claimant's mark are confined to a narrow or specialized channel of trade, or move in multiple channels; and
(h) the extent to which the mark is identified with a particular quality
(3) Likelihood of consumer connection between claimant's goodwill and defendant's use The Court held that if the somewhat hurried consumer does not associate what is displayed by the defendant with the registered mark of the complainant, there can be no impact on the goodwill attached thereto. 21 The Court further held that a "likelihood" of a consumer drawing a connection is not speculation, but a matter of evidence for the complainant to prove, and stated that the legislation neither permits the court to assume that the consumer will draw the requisite mental association, nor reverse the onus onto the defendants. 22
(4) Likelihood of depreciation of goodwill The Court suggested that the concept of depreciation in s.22 could encompass the notions of disparagement or tarnishment (where a defendant creates a negative association for the mark), as well as the notions of blurring of brand image, or its positive associations, or an erosion of the power of the trade-mark to distinguish the products of the claimant and attract consumers. 23 The claimant need not prove that depreciation has occurred, but must prove that the defendant's use will have the likely effect of depreciating the value of the goodwill. Veuve Clicquot was not able to establish that consumers would draw the requisite connection between Cliquot's use of CLIQUOT and the complainant's mark, or that any likelihood of depreciation in the value of the goodwill would result.
Function of Trade-marks The Supreme Court noted that "the purpose of trade-marks is to create and symbolize linkages" 24 and referred to its recent decision in Kirkbi AG v. Ritvik Holding Inc ., [2005] 3 R.C.S. 302, 2005 SCC 65 in which it stated that a trade-mark "is a symbol of a connection between a source of a product and the product itself." 25 The Supreme Court observed that a trade-mark owner's claim to monopoly rests "not on conferring a benefit on the public in the sense of patents or copyrights but on serving an important public interest in assuring consumers that they are buying from the source from whom they think they are buying and receiving the quality which they associate with that particular trade-mark. Trade-marks thus operate as a kind of shortcut to get consumers to where they want to go, and in that way perform a key function in a market economy." 26 With this statement, the Supreme Court has affirmed a "source and quality" theory of trade-marks.
Licensing The Supreme Court established that "the recognition in our society that 'famous brands' are widely licensed for wares or services not traditionally associated with the mark must be kept in mind as another surrounding circumstance" in the confusion analysis. 27 The Supreme Court acknowledged that, provided the trade-mark owner retains direct or indirect control of the character or quality of the wares or services, use by the licensee is deemed to have the same effect as use by the owner. However, the Supreme Court cautioned that "profligate use by the owner alone can destroy the distinctiveness of the mark, and licenses granted too widely and unwisely may aggravate its problem" 28 and that "a trade-mark owner can depreciate its value by spreading the mark too thinly over too many products of differing quality." 29 The Court cited one such example that appeared in Veuve Clicquot's evidence, namely the example of Pierre Cardin as having "moved down market through overuse of licensing and expanding the range and variety of different products carrying its name, which had led to a loss of distinctiveness, prestige and credibility." 30
Relevance of Intention in Confusion Analysis In response to Mattel's complaint that the respondent sought to register a mark designed to pirate whatever goodwill it could from the Barbie Marks, the Supreme Court held that intention is of little relevance to the issue of confusion and stated that if "the respondent's activities have trespassed on the marketing territory fenced off by [Mattel's] BARBIE trade-marks, it would be no defence for the respondent that it did not intend to trespass. Equally, however, if the respondent's activities did not in fact trespass, evidence that it may have wished to do so does not constitute confusion." 31 The Court observed, however, that courts historically have been slow to conclude that a demonstrated piratical intent has failed to achieve its purpose, but noted that no such intent had been found as a fact in this case. 32
This article appeared in Intellectual Property Brief Fall 2006 . 1 Lang Michener LLP's Supreme Court Practice Group acted as the Ottawa agent for the appellant Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin. 2 Lang Michener LLP represented the applicant Pink Panther Beauty Corp ("PBBC") in the appeals following the Opposition Board decision and on the leave application to the Supreme Court of Canada. PBBC applied to register the trade-mark PINK PANTHER in relation to hair care and beauty product supplies to the objection of United Artists, the owners of The Pink Panther series of successful films. In a controversial decision, the majority of the Federal Court of Appeal determined the trade-marks were not confusing. Following the grant of leave to appeal to the Supreme Court on November 19, 1998, PBBC assigned the trade-mark application for PINK PANTHER to United Artists. Coincidentally, a mere two days before the Supreme Court's release of the Mattel and Veuve Clicquot decisions which sought to "explain" the Federal Court of Appeal decision Pink Panther , the application was deemed abandoned and inactivated by the Trade-marks Office. 3 (RSC 1985, c. T-13) 4 Notably, the International Trademark Association sought and obtained status as an intervener in Veuve Clicquot . 5 Mattel did not adduce any evidence of actual confusion, however, the absence of actual confusion is not determinative of the issue. The Supreme Court held in Mattel at para 16 that "the absence of such evidence was only one circumstance among many to be considered" but also noted at para 55 that "an adverse inference may be drawn from the lack of such evidence in circumstances where it would readily be available if the allegation of likely confusion was justified." 6 The Supreme Court was generally sympathetic to Jinden J.A., however, and explained that "in their dispositive passages (as opposed to stray dicta)" neither Pink Panther nor Lexus departed from the totality of the circumstances test, and reasoned that such stray dicta seemed designed to dispute the argument of the famous mark owners that fame trumps all other factors. Nonetheless, Binnie J., writing for the Supreme Court, stated: "To the extent Linden J.A. held that the difference in wares or services will always be a dominant consideration, I disagree with him, but given the role and function of trade-marks, it will generally be an important consideration. [Mattel] contends that some of Linden J.A.'s obiter statements can be read virtually to require a 'resemblance' between the respective wares and services. In that respect, the obiter should not be followed," Mattel supra, at para 71. 7 Mattel , supra, at paras 56–58; Veuve Clicquot , supra, at para 20 8 These are: "(a) the inherent distinctiveness of the trade-marks or trade-names and the extent to which they have become known; (b) the length of time the trade-marks or trade-names have been in use; (c) the nature of the wares, services or business; (d) the nature of the trade; and (e) the degree of resemblance between the trade-marks or trade-names in appearance or sound or in the ideas suggested by them." 9 Mattel , supra, at para 54; Veuve Clicquot , supra, at paras 21 and 27 10 Mattel , supra, at para 63 11 In particular, the Supreme Court referred to the Report of Trade Mark Law Revision Committee to the Secretary of State of Canada , issued prior to the amendments, which stated "Some trade marks are so well known that the use of the same or similar trade marks on any wares of any kind would cause the general purchasing public to believe that the original user and owner of the trade mark was in some way responsible for the wares to which the use of the mark has been extended. … In a proper case this [new] ambit of protection can be widened to include the whole of the course of trade or restricted to a field limited by the use which has been made of a trade mark or trade name and the reputation acquired by it. The particular ambit of protection will in the future so far as applies to registration, be a matter for determination, having regard to all the circumstances, by the Registrar in the first instance, and by the Exchequer Court on appeal." Mattel , supra, at paras 28 and 29 12 Mattel , supra, at para 29 13 Mattel , supra, at para 63 14 Mattel , supra, at para 72 15 Veuve Clicquot , supra, at para 26 16 Veuve Clicquot , supra, at para 31. Despite rejecting that submission as an oversimplification, see the Supreme Court's acknowledgement in Mattel at para 73 that " 'all of the surrounding circumstances' must be taken into consideration but that, in some cases, some circumstances (such as the difference in wares) will carry greater weight than others." 17 Veuve Clicquot , supra, at para 32 18 Mattel , supra, at para 72. Also, The Supreme Court stated at paras 29 and 30:
The fact that Parliament has recognized that some trade-marks are so well known that use in connection with any wares or services would generate confusion is not to say that BARBIE has that transcendence. … The Board's conclusion that BARBIE's fame is limited to dolls and dolls' accessories does not at all mean that BARBIE's aura cannot transcend those products, but whether it is likely to do so or not in the context of opposition proceedings in relation to restaurant, catering and banquet services is a question of fact that depends on "all the surrounding circumstances."
The fact that Parliament has recognized that some trade-marks are so well known that use in connection with any wares or services would generate confusion is not to say that BARBIE has that transcendence. … The Board's conclusion that BARBIE's fame is limited to dolls and dolls' accessories does not at all mean that BARBIE's aura cannot transcend those products, but whether it is likely to do so or not in the context of opposition proceedings in relation to restaurant, catering and banquet services is a question of fact that depends on "all the surrounding circumstances."
19 Veuve Clicquot , supra, at para 48. This finding settles an issue which had previously proved divisive. 20 Veuve Clicquot , supra, at para 53 and 54 21 Veuve Clicquot , supra, at para 56 22 Veuve Clicquot , supra, at paras 57, 60 and 61 23 Veuve Clicquot , supra, at paras 63–67 24 Mattel , supra, at para 23 25 Mattel , supra, at para 24 26 Mattel , supra, at para 21 27 Mattel , supra, at para 81 28 Mattel , supra, at para 81 29 Veuve Clicqot , supra, at para 63 30 Veuve Clicquot , supra, at para 63 31 Mattel , supra, at para 90 32 Mattel , supra, at para 90


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New release book club selection is...
Reefcake by Ellen Mint
Discussion in the comments below
To get the discussion going, here are some questions!
Joanna fears her life is over when her father, the Governor of Havana, forces her onto a ship for Spain. She will be wed against her will. In the midst of a pirate attack, Jo's salvation comes from under the seas. She wakes from her rescue to find two delicious men who need her.
Namhu is the serious, life-saving protector, with a body that could walk through a wall. Enki is a beautiful prince of the sea with green hair, a twinkle in his eye, and a tender charm. Both are ecstatic to share in Joanna in this ménage story under the sea.
There are M/M scenes included in this spicy tale of mermen, pirates, and a woman who refuses to belong to any one man.
Guidelines (because there has to be some)
Leave a Reply.
Book LoveRRs Club
Help choose which romance book to read then join the discussion!
August 2020


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Street Tree Pruning Work Party in Eastmoreland
By Mason Wordell, Urban Forestry Tree Plan Coordinator and AmeriCorps Member
Join Urban Forestry and the Eastmoreland Tree Team
for a pruning workshop and work party!
When: 8:45 am - 12:00 pm, May 20th, 2017
Where: Berkeley Park | SE Cesar E Chavez Blvd & Bybee Blvd
Click here to register!
8:45 – 9:00 am – Sign-in, coffee & snacks
9:00 – 9:30 am – Pruning Demonstration
9:30 – 11:45 am – Pruning neighborhood trees in small groups
11:45 – 12:00 pm – Return and wrap up
Portland Parks & Recreation Urban Forestry and the Eastmoreland Tree Team are partnering to offer this street tree pruning workshop to care for young street trees in the neighborhood. The Eastmoreland Tree Team is a well-established tree team and has held two pruning events in the past – this event is an extension of these efforts. In Eastmoreland, small trees between 0 and 6" DBH (diameter at breast height) account for 20% of the street trees. Clearly, there is a high need to care for these young, small trees as they mature and grow. One important aspect of tree maintenance is structural pruning.
Pruning is an important part of tree care and maintenance, and everyone is welcome to participate in this workshop to learn more about how they can actively care for their trees. Knowing when to prune and what to look for can help you make successful cuts that will help cultivate beautiful, structurally sound, and long-living trees. Read our previous blog post to learn more about pruning! View the City's official pruning standards here.
Meet us on May 20th at Berkeley Park, next to the Alex Rovello Memorial Tennis Courts! We will be out rain or shine - we recommend long pants and long sleeves, sturdy shoes and a rain/sun hat and bring a backpack, rain gear, and water bottle. Instruction, tools, gloves, coffee, water and snacks will be provided.
For more information, or if you have something you want to talk about, contact:
Mason Wordell
Tree Plan Coordinator and AmeriCorps member
(503) 201-3133
Certified Arborists can receive 3 hours of ISA CEUs for participating and leading small groups. Contact Mason for details!


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968 Engine removal
- 1992
- 968
150 000
North Carolina
I have read many online articles about engine removal from 944/951 series Porsches, but can't locate 968 specific information. Specifically as it relates to removing the engine from the TOP vice bottom. Does anyone have any detailed instructions of this procedure as it pertains to a 968?
You must log in to view answers associated with technical questions. Join PCA to participate in our community.


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Things You'll Need
- White plastic trashcan
- Ruler
- All-purpose cleaner
- Paper towels
- Protective gloves
- Lighter
- 1/2" diameter nail
- Electrical tape
- Black paper
- Scissors
- Double-sided tape
- Black permanent marker
Stormtroopers are iconic "Star Wars" characters. This recognizable figure in intergalactic history has been around since the 1970s. "Star Wars" stormtrooper costumes can be purchased for hundreds of dollars. Forgo the pricey costume for a homemade one this Halloween. Start with making a stormtrooper helmet from a simple, white trashcan. The trash can helmet has an interesting Lego-like hint to the design and is sure to please your "Star Wars" buff.
Remove all stickers from the outside of the can.
Spray the can with an all-purpose cleaner and wipe dry with a paper towel. Remove any adhesive and film on the can so there is a clean exterior surface.
Turn the trashcan upside down on the work surface.
Mark eye holes on the trashcan. Mark a hole 4 inches from the top of the can (as it sits upside down) and 1 1/2 inches to the right of the center of the can. Mark another hole 4 inches from the top and 1 1/2 inches to the left of the center.
Put on the protective gloves.
Hold the nail by the head with the pointed end facing away from your body. Heat the end of the nail with the lighter.
Heat the nail in the flame for 45 seconds. Place the lighter on the work surface.
Press the nail to one of the eye hole marks. Firmly push the hot end of the nail into the plastic trashcan. The plastic should slightly melt, allowing the nail to pierce through. You may have to do this multiple times to go all of the way through the plastic.
Repeat the process to create the other eyehole. Remove gloves.
Cut a piece of black electrical tape. Place the tape about 2 inches from the top of the can. The tape should run from the middle of the left side, across the front, and to the middle of the right side.
Cut a boomerang-shaped piece of black paper that is about half the width of the can. Place it under the eyes and adhere it to the can with double-sided tape.
Cut two eye shapes out of black paper. Tape them onto the helmet. Use the cooled nail to punch a hole through the paper to line up with the eye holes.
Cut a circle 2 inches in diameter circle and two circles 1/2 inch in diameter from the black paper. Stick the 2-inch circle at the bottom center of the can with tape. Tape the 1/2-inch circles on either side of the larger circle.
Use the black permanent marker to create shading and vents on the side of the can.
Purchase an under-the-desk size white trash can or trash bin. A square trashcan works well. Try the can on your head before purchasing to ensure a good fit.
Photo Credits
- Joe Corrigan/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images


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Nash8213 Meadow Rd Dallas, TX 75231
- Year Built: 2017
- Neighborhood: Park Lane - Greenville Ave - The Village
- Listing provided by UMoveFree.com
- View Source: Nash on UMoveFree
Floorplans & Pricing
|1 Bedrooms
|11 Floorplans
|$1145 to $1840
|2 Bedrooms
|5 Floorplans
|$1934 to $2550
|3 Bedrooms
|1 Floorplan
Amenities & Features
- Walk-in Showers*
- Patio/Balcony*
- Grill(s)
- Clubroom
- Granite/Stone Countertops
- Business Center
Pet Policies
- Cats and Dogs Allowed
- Pet Deposit (Refundable): $600
- Pet Fee (Non Refundable): $300
The Nash Midtown apartment complex is a luxury residential community located in the heart of Dallas. This gorgeous apartment complex features 1, 2, and 3 bedroom apartments for the best in upscale living. Each apartment is custom designed to be your dream space. The living area has everything one might want in a dream apartment including high ceilings, wood flooring, stainless steel appliances, and LED lighting. All units within the development have access to a swimming pool and sundeck, clubhouse, cyber cafe, coffee bar, fitness center with a yoga and spin studio and a barbecue area. What an amazing list of amenities!
The surrounding Dallas area is full of excitement. There is plenty of local entertainment, shopping, and restaurants. Entertainment options include a movie theater, bowling alley, Top Golf, Dave and Busters, and many fine eateries. For a little retail therapy, check out the Shops at Park Lane or North Park Center.
For those nature lovers who desire a retreat away from city life, look no further than Northhaven Trail and Northwood Park which are just a short drive from the complex. Incredibly enough, this amazing city dwelling will also accommodate the horse lover as it is only a stones throw away from the Dallas Equestrian center.


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Chain wall foundations, also called filled stem wall foundations, are a form of raised foundation that help elevate buildings above flood level. Chain wall foundations can either be built on site or a precast concrete structure can be installed as a unit. In areas prone to flooding, installing a chain wall may be required under code.
Chain walls look like a cage of concrete pillars. They sit on a standard foundation slab and, after installation, compacted structural fill or compressed dirt, is pumped in to give further support to the floor slab.
Precast Chain Walls
Precast chain walls arrive intact. The contractor creates a space in the ground and the frame is lowered in by crane. There is no filling and no wait time; according to Kenner Chain Walls, a specialty contractor, installation may take as little as one hour.
Precast chain walls are used only in smaller structures such as utility shelters and generator housing. Their advantage is in cost savings, speed and simplicity, plus you can stack them to raise the structure over flood level. Filled stem walls are suitable for houses and provide additional strength. Louisiana State University also notes that an elevated structure may look more impressive.
Flood Control
The main use of chain walls is in flood control. Some precast chain walls can be stacked as high as 20 feet above the base slab, thus raising structures out of the way of floods. Chain walls for houses elevate the structure and, according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, divert flood waters. FEMA also notes that builders using chain walls should clarify that they're using a filled chain wall for flood control and not as a crawl space, since building codes require gaps for crawl spaces.
Hazel Morgan
Hazel Morgan is a freelance commercial writer with particular interest in travel, recreation/outdoors and history. She has been a professional writer since 2005; her publishing credits include "Nevada Magazine" and "Friction Zone." She holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in modern languages from the University of Lancaster.


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The Street Lawyer
Because of their frenetic pace and mortised plotting, and especially because of their popularity, John Grisham's books are usually dismissed as mere "legal thrillers." Okay, but that's a little like calling The Grapes of Wrath only a "road novel." While Grisham may not have John Steinbeck's literary genius, he does share with him the conscience of a social critic and the soul of a preacher. No matter how smoothly he entertains you (and with each succeeding novel, Grisham's storytelling becomes tighter, cleaner, more efficient), his fiction is never purely escapist. From the start of his career, he's been a side taker and a finger pointer, tackling issues from racial injustice and children's rights to the death penalty, corporate amorality, and, with his latest annual novel, homelessness.
In The Street Lawyer, that finger-pointing advocacy can often turn scenes into civics lessons and make an awful lot of dialogue read like op-ed screeds. ("In the past fifteen years," says one activist lawyer, "two and a half million low-cost housing units have been eliminated, and the federal housing programs have been cut seventy percent….Governments are balancing budgets on the backs of the poor.") What the novel lacks in subtlety, though, it more than makes up for in vigor. And besides that, it's as compelling a read as anything Grisham has produced in the past.
Thirty-two-year-old Michael Brock, an antitrust lawyer working in the swank D.C. offices of Drake & Sweeney, is taken hostage, along with eight other attorneys, by an armed street person who identifies himself only as "Mister." Although Mister threatens to kill everyone, his motives remain inexplicable. His only demand is to be told how much money his prisoners earned last year (he insists on seeing their 1040 forms!) and how much they gave away to charity. The tallies: a bundle, and not very much.
One deadly shot by a police sniper ends the six-hour standoff, but it precipitates a life change for Michael Brock, whose 90-hour workweeks suddenly seem pointless. Discovering that Mister had recently been evicted from his squatter's apartment, and, further, that the eviction was orchestrated, illegally, by his own law firm, Michael flirts with the notion of leaving Drake & Sweeney to join the staff of a legal clinic as a public-interest lawyer; when it appears likely that the same eviction led to the deaths of a young mother and her four small children, Michael not only quits his job but also goes after his powerful former colleagues with a vengeance.
Although last year he did a bang-up job with the appealingly smarmy protagonist of The Partner, Grisham's strong suit has never been character development. That weakness presents a bit of a problem here, since Michael's transformation from a careerist attorney to a zealous champion of the poor happens, improbably, with the thunderclap swiftness of Saint Paul's conversion.
Come to think of it, everything happens with astonishing speed. In a span of just 32 days, Michael Brock changes careers, ends his soured marriage, swipes a file of sensitive documents, nearly gets killed in a car crash, is arrested and beaten up, tracks down a reluctant witness, and even finds a girlfriend. The Street Lawyer may be grounded in urban reality, but Grisham's storytelling is hardly gritty realism.
Nevertheless, this slickly designed entertainment is still a passionately angry book. America's most popular novelist seems more determined than ever to try to use his clout to effect social change. And with millions of copies of The Street Lawyer certain to be read, that's not out of the question. A-


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As we work to protect the Black River Wildlands just east of Washago, I have become aware of how much time I have wasted in a car to get to places I perceived to be pristine escapes.
Kilarney is more than four hours from here; Algonquin two. Even Massassaga Provincial Park on Georgian Bay is a relatively long drive. How often I have driven right past the Black River without giving it a second thought. But it has always been there, flowing through the region in its many moods.
Since we began our efforts to protect a 730-acre tract with more than four kilometres of the Black River flowing through it, I have been spending more time on and around the river. My appreciation of this wilderness in my own backyard has grown exponentially.[wc_row][wc_column size="one-half" position="first"]
The Black River Wildlands are actually inside Queen Elizabeth II Wildlands Provincial Park. This is a massive tract in its own right, brought into existence in the 1990s. But the park has enormous holes in it, still under control of private landowners. The property we hope will become our next nature reserve is one of those properties, and bringing it under protection will add significantly to the integrity of the park, and the Black, which is one of the last unregulated rivers in southern Ontario.[/wc_column][wc_column size="one-half" position="last"]
"The Ganaraska Trail Association has entered into a partnership with The Couchiching Conservancy."[/wc_column][/wc_row]
But the Black River Wildlands will do something more than protect a huge portion of wilderness; it will also make it more accessible for the responsible enjoyment of this treasure which is in such close proximity to local populations.
The Ganaraska Trail Association has entered into a partnership with The Couchiching Conservancy in our efforts to protect this property. The Ganaraska is the second-largest trail system in the province. Like the Black River itself, it is sometimes overlooked as the gem it is. Run by volunteers with a passion for hiking, the 500-kilometre trail runs from Port Hope on Lake Ontario to the Bruce Trail near Collingwood. A huge central portion of the trail meanders through Queen Elizabeth II Provincial Park. With a successful outcome to the campaign to protect the Black River Wildlands, The Couchiching Conservancy will be able to add about 10 kilometres of trail to the Ganaraska, almost half of that along the river. Working with Ganaraska and Ontario Parks, we hope to be able to create a day hike-loop from Victoria Bridge. Someday, we may even be able to create connections to The Great Trail that stretches right across Canada.
But first we have to raise enough money to bring this important piece of wilderness under protection.
One of the great things about my job as Executive Director of the Conservancy is the satisfaction derived when all sorts of people and groups come together to make something happen that will have an impact for generations. As organizations, The Ganaraska Trail folks and The Couchiching Conservancy have never really come together to work on a single project. That's happening thanks to the Black River Wildlands. Add to that our growing cooperation with Ontario Parks, supportive organizations like The Gosling Foundation, and most importantly, a growing list of individual donors who are helping to make this reserve into a reality, and it generates a powerful sense of hope.
For those of us who give a damn about the declining state of Ontario's natural heritage, hope is an ever-more precious commodity. I invite you to get on board with this campaign by clicking here or by calling 705-326-1620.
Not only will you be doing something concrete to improve our local environment and guarantee access to these beautiful wildlands for generations to come, you'll be joining a community of people who aspire for something better.
And as I can tell you from personal experience, that feels really good.
[wc_button type="primary" url="http://www.couchichingconserv.ca/protect-the-black-river-wildlands/" title="Visit Site" target="self" position="float"]Click here to find out more about the Black River Wildlands and Donate![/wc_button]
Mark Bisset is the executive director of The Couchiching Conservancy, a charitable land trust that protects important natural areas for today and tomorrow.


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Ultra Modern, Luxurious Home For Rent Hua Hin, Kao Tao
This is a gorgeous luxury home for rent in one of the most prestigious communities in South Hua Hin. The development enjoys fabulous mountain and sea views, thanks to its elevated position. Due to its proximity to the mountains and to the beach, there is a constant breeze throughout the day and night. This home has a large rooftop terrace, perfect for enjoying the evening views with a drink. The home itself has 4 en suite bedrooms, 5 bathrooms, a spacious living room, a large, ultra modern kitchen, a private gym and lush gardens. There is a jacuzzi on the rooftop terrace, as well as integrated Bose stereo system throughout.
The home is a perfect fusion of tropical and modern style, with large, beautiful wood doors throughout that let in a lot of light, and an open, modern floor plan that takes advantage of the breeze.
The development has 24 hour security, and housekeeping is included once a week in the rental fee.
Minimum rental period is 2 weeks, available short term for 50,000 – 75,000 THB/week depending on season. Please inquire for availability and pricing.
Property Features
- 24 hour security
- Community Gardens
- Completed Development
- Gated Community
- Large Outdoor Living Areas
- Large Swimming Pool
- Near International Schools
- Parking
- Private Pool
- quiet neighborhood


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In an interview in the new issue of Men's Journal, two-time Oscar-winner Russell Crowe says that, at the age of 43, he's decided it's time to be baptized along with his 1-year-old son Tennyson.
"My mom and dad decided to let my brother and me make our own decisions about God when we got to the right age," the actor explains. "I started thinking recently, 'If I believe it is important to baptize my kids, why not me?' "
Russell says that the ceremony, which he hopes will happen within the year, will take place at the chapel he constructed on his Australian ranch, the same chapel where Tennyson's older brother, Charlie, was baptized.
"I do believe there are more important things than what is in the mind of a man," says the married father of two. "There is something much bigger that drives us all. I'm willing to take that leap of faith."
For the complete interview, pick up the new issue of Men's Journal. To see Russell on the big screen, check out American Gangster, in theaters everywhere.
For access to all our exclusive celebrity videos and interviews – Subscribe on YouTube!


text:
Map of Tanner Georgia GA
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text: Arts & Life Holiday Film Preview November 29, 2002 From comedy to adventure to romance, NPR film critic Bob Mondello delivers a primer on the holiday movie season. Many of the year's biggest blockbusters and Oscar nominees will hit the theaters between now and New Year's Day. (8:00) Holiday Movie Preview from NPR's Bob Mondello Listen · 8:09 8:09 Toggle more options Download Embed Embed <iframe src="https://www.npr.org/player/embed/861970/861971" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" title="NPR embedded audio player">


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The first 'state of the industry' report on the lettings agency sector since the introduction of the fees ban suggests individual agents are gearing up to suffer 30 per cent drops in income.
The assessment, by PropTech firm Goodlord, reveals that over 90 per cent of agencies are predicting a loss in annual revenue following the Tenant Fees Act, which came into effect on June 1.
Most of the agencies surveyed estimated losses of up to 30 per cent.
The vast majority of agencies told Goodlord they would concentrate on increasing their managed portfolio or increasing their management fees when looking to attract additional revenue.
Despite the negative impact on their revenues, the vast majority of letting agents said they had felt prepared for the new legislation, with just two per cent saying they had not felt at all prepared for the Act.
Another legislative change investigated in the survey was the proposed plan to repeal Section 21 of the Housing Act 1988 and put an end to 'no-fault evictions'.
Some 85 per cent of lettings agencies surveyed had served a Section 21 notice in the past 12 months.
However, industry criticism of the government's pledge to bring in new Section 8 grounds for eviction is reflected in the fact that only 51 per cent of agents surveyed had served a Section 8 notice in the past 12 months.
Goodlord also surveyed letting agencies on the hot topic of deposit replacement schemes.
Only 24 per cent of agencies said they already offered an alternative deposit scheme, but over 60 per cent said they would consider offering one in the future.
Despite the flurry of regulation and tax changes aimed at the lettings sector, the majority of agencies remained upbeat.
Only 23 per cent of agents surveyed said they weren't optimistic about the future of the lettings industry as a whole and 60 per cent said they were either 'very optimistic' or 'extremely optimistic' about the future of the agency they worked for.
You can see the report here - although you will have to register.


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Local yoga teacher Helen Clowes is continuing yoga classes during term time on Thursday mornings from 9.30 am to 11.00 am in BHVH. However the Saturday morning classes could do with a little more support to make them viable. That class runs from 10.00 am to 11.30 am, on a drop in basis at £10 a class. New students should check first to see if Helen is running a particular class as she has a few weekends away planned and the hall is occasionally booked for another event.
Contact Helen Clowes 07977 912626 for further details


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K24 news anchor and Cancer Warrior, Anjlee Ghadvi, has passed on.
The anchor passed on Friday 10th, 2020 while undergoing treatment at the Aga Khan Hospital.
She has had a long battle with the killer disease and has been updating everyone on her progress. Our sincere condolences to everyone at K24 and her friends and family.
Despite going through a lot of treatment in hospitals, Anjlee has been keeping up with the World and very active on social media.
She was diagnosed with liver cancer in 2013 and pursued several treatment options that eventually turned out to be too expensive for her and her family. Two years later, she went public about her ordeal, appealing to well-wishers to help her raise funds.
She was able to raise over Ksh.6million within hours, local media reported. She came back to social to happily announce that she had beaten the disease and was completely healed.
In August last year, Ghadvi was admitted to a hospital in India. The journalist shared an update on the kind of treatment she underwent in India on her Twitter account.
"I had an intense CyberKnife treatment early February this year. The area treated was large, hence the recovery period took time. The body and disease have responded to this form of treatment and I had to finish what was left. Praying done and over!" she shared on her socials.
She was receiving treatment at the Aga Khan hospital when she passed on. Anjlee leaves behind a husband and two children.
The Group Head of TV Digital at Mediamax Peter Opondo has led all of Anjlee's former colleagues in mourning her untimely demise.
"Oh, my friend Anjlee Gadhvi. You fought that cancer beast with all your might. You did it for your kids, husband. Never lost hope. You always smiled through the pain & insisted on coming to work even at your weakest points. We believed you were winning…until now! RIP my friend," said Opondo.
In the video below, Gadhvi chronicles the journey she has had to go on in her fight against cancer.
Safaricom CEO Bob Collymore, Kibra MP Ken Okoth and Bomet Governor Joyce Laboso also died of cancer in 2019.


text:
Research Repository
Emerging issues in location based tourism systems
Hawking, Paul, Stein, Andrew, Zeleznikow, John, Sharma, Pramod, Nugent, Devon, Dawson, Linda and Foster, Susan (2005) Emerging issues in location based tourism systems. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Mobile Business. IEEE, pp. 75-81.Full text for this resource is not available from the Research Repository.
Location Based Tourism Systems (LBTS) are computerized systems that depend on the automated detection of the location of a target (e.g. a tourist on the move, a tour vehicle) to either deliver or collect information. Currently mobile phones are seen as the obvious (but not the only) means of information delivery/collection for LBTS. This technology has considerable potential for the Australian tourism industry. This paper aims to assess the state of knowledge regarding LBTS technologies, the potential usefulness of LBTS for the Australian Tourism industry, recommend potential future commercial exploitation of LBTS technologies in the Australian tourism industry and crucially to identify emerging issues where further research may be needed. Also titled: ICMB 2005 : July 11-13, 2005, Crowne Plaza Darling Harbour, Sydney, Australia
|Item Type:
|Book Section
|Uncontrolled Keywords:
|ResPubID12231, ResPubID8376, tourism life cycle, Location Interoperability Forum, LIF, Open GIS consortium, OGC, Satellite navigation, mobile communications, wireless networks, RFID location technologies, LBTS, location based tourism
|Current > FOR Classification > 0805 Distributed Computing
Current > FOR Classification > 0806 Information Systems
Current > FOR Classification > 1503 Business and Management
Current > FOR Classification > 1506 Tourism
Historical > Faculty/School/Research Centre/Department > School of Management and Information Systems
|Depositing User:
|Date Deposited:
|17 Sep 2013 06:51
|Last Modified:
|17 Sep 2013 06:51
|ePrint Statistics:
|View download statistics for this item
|Citations in Scopus:
|13 - View on Scopus
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|View Item


text:
The Commerce Commission has granted clearance for Elanco to acquire Bayer's animal health business, subject to a divestment undertaking requiring Elanco to divest three brands: Maggo, Zapp Encore, and Osurnia.
Elanco applied to the Commission for clearance to acquire Bayer AG's animal health business in February 2020 as part of a global transaction.
In making its decision, the Commission focused on the potential impact of the proposed acquisition on competition in the markets for the supply of products for the treatment and prevention of external parasites on sheep, as well as the market for the supply of products for the treatment of otitis in dog.
"We consider that the combination of the two most prominent suppliers of products for the treatment and prevention of external parasites on sheep in New Zealand would be likely to result in a substantial lessening of competition, with customers having limited alternatives post-acquisition," said Commission Deputy Chair Sue Begg.
"However, we consider the divestment of both Maggo and Zapp Encore by Elanco is sufficient to remedy the competitive harm in these markets."
Regarding treatment of otitis in dogs, Ms Begg said that Bayer is likely to introduce a new otitis treatment called Neptra into New Zealand and this is likely to compete strongly with Elanco's long acting otitis treatment, Osurnia.
"The proposed acquisition would remove that competition, said Ms Begg.
"Requiring Elanco to divest Osurnia means that customers will continue to have a number of alternatives for the treatment of otitis in dogs."
To comply with the undertaking, Elanco will divest all the necessary assets and licenses to supply Maggo, Zapp Encore and Osurnia in New Zealand. Any purchaser will need to be approved by the Commission.
A public version of the written reasons for the decision will be available on the Commission's case register in the near future.
Elanco is a US-based global animal healthcare company that develops, manufactures and distributes healthcare treatments for a range of different companion animals (such as cats and dogs) and production animals (such as sheep, cattle and other ruminants).
Bayer Animal Health also develops, manufactures and distributes healthcare treatments for a range of different companion and production animals on a global basis.
The Commerce Commission previously granted clearance to Dechra Pharmaceuticals PLC to acquire the assets, rights and liabilities relating to Osurnia from Elanco.
Merger clearance process
When considering a proposed merger, the Commission must determine whether any competition that would be lost with the merger would be substantial. Where a merger is likely to substantially lessen competition in a market, the acquiring company may undertake to divest certain assets.
If we consider the proposed divestment undertaking will remedy the likely substantial lessening of competition, we will clear the merger. For a divestment undertaking to remedy competition concerns, we must be satisfied that the divestment will result in sufficient additional competitive constraint on the merged firm so that a substantial lessening of competition is no longer likely. A fact sheet explaining how the Commission assesses a merger application is available on our website.


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YESCO Delivers Field Service Apps With OutSystems, Solving Critical Business Challenges
Using OutSystems, YESCO built four enterprise apps, cutting development time by 50 percent.
Access mat supplier YAK MAT needed a new ERP to track their vast inventory that's spread across multiple supply yards and always on the move. OutSystems allowed them to build a customized ERP with all the integration and automation features they needed, and now, suppliers, customers, and the business are enjoying increased efficiency.
3 developers
12 months
250 active users
Challenge - When your inventory is comprised of hundreds of thousands of hardwood access mats that constantly move across North America, you need a specialized ERP to manage it. For U.S. supplier YAK MAT, their legacy systems weren't cutting it and needed to be replaced, but their mobile inventory meant every ERP solution they evaluated required major customization. They needed automation to simplify the process along with simplified searching capabilities to ensure their business could operate efficiently both in the office and out in the field. Their new ERP would have to be extended to support mobile inventory apps through APIs and deliver specialized capabilities to manage the shipping and distribution of its products.
Solution - YAK MAT engaged OutSystems Elite Partner Do iT Lean to use OutSystems to develop the YAK MAT Tracker application and mobile APIs, which deliver a custom front-end to their Infor M3 ERP. The new front end streamlines the management of inventory and the company's ability to configure new orders from multiple yards to meet customer demand. Staffed by three full-time developers, the total project took 1 year and 5 months to complete from inception to go-live. Because of its success, the solution was quickly followed by a supplier portal.
Do iT Lean is a boutique services company focused on delivering mobile and web applications that give an immediate impact to your business. Do iT Lean operates in Europe, North America, Australia and Hong Kong .
Results - By simplifying complex processes, the YAK MAT Tracker application has helped the company grow their business. The custom YAK MAT Tracker streamlines the ability to track inventory, create shipments for customers, and keep customers informed of their order status, which is especially important when a customer has a large order of mats that must be delivered in thousands of truckloads. The solution also simplifies the end user's experience with the system, allowing them to focus on their jobs in the field while capturing more data. The system has 250 active users, with 150 to 180 concurrent users on any given day in the office and the field.
"By partnering with Do iT Lean and leveraging the OutSystems low-code platform, we are exceeding our business's expectations. Business continues to grow, and the application is helping us work more efficiently across our business and with our suppliers and end customers."
Using OutSystems, YESCO built four enterprise apps, cutting development time by 50 percent.
Delta got a custom solution that saves 75% in campaign planning time and allows users to access campaign information anytime and on any device.
Having won the UK government Fruit4Schools contract, Total Produce encountered a problem. In order to ensure payment for deliveries under the contract, Total Produce needed to be able to provide electronic proof of delivery. With wafer-thin margins, missing paperwork and manual processes could quickly turn this prestigious government contract into a loss-maker.


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Börse Stuttgart Group (BSG), Germany's second largest cryptocurrency exchange, also the ninth largest in Europe, will be launching a cryptocurrency trading platform with Solaris Bank in 2019.
Alexander Höptner, CEO of Börse Stuttgart Group in a Press Release, stated:
"With its combination of technology and banking expertise, solarisBank is a great partner for us to offer central services along the value chain for digital assets. solarisBank's Blockchain Factory supports us in taking trading in cryptocurrencies and tokens to the next level and in setting new standards in transparency and reliability."
Alexander was quite thrilled on entering the world of cryptocurrency trading, also appreciating the help of Solaris Bank in achieving the successful creation of the project.
In the initial stage, Börse Stuttgart Group's trading venue will support two cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin and Ethereum; the cryptocurrencies will be available for trading to both the traders and investors. The Group also commented that once the platform is live, tokens issued there will be available for trading in the secondary market.
Furthermore, BSG also stated it is currently working on the development of a mobile trading application and also fee-free trading. The project titled, "BISON" is being developed with a software development bank, Sowa Labs.
Roland Folz, CEO of Solaris Bank, announced the successful collaboration with BSG, saying "We are very pleased that Boerse Stuttgart Group chose our Blockchain Factory around Peter Grosskopf and Michael Offermann as its trusted partner."
The project is part of Solaris Bank's "Blockchain Factory" program, a program that offers customers with specialized accounts only for blockchain-associated companies.
VPE WertpapierhandelsBank AG, a German Securities trading bank, collaborated with solarisBank, to launch a crypto trading service for institutional investors.
Meanwhile, another German crypto-banking startup declared that they are now starting their business for the pre-registered customers; the customers will be granted access to Bitcoin and Euro deposit accounts. With the execution of Solaris Bank's banking license, euro funds will be protected up to a limit of 100,000 euros and will be supervised under Germany's two banking regulations: BaFin and BundesBank.
Also, Börse Stuttgart is looking for regulatory approval for offering multilateral trading facility (MTF) for the platform's crypto trading marketplace. MTF is a trading system that facilitates matching traders of financial instruments utilizing the electronic systems.


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Bestselling author Jodi Picoult is a masterful storyteller, who âEuro²writes with a fine touch, a sharp eye for detail, and a firm grasp of the delicacy and complexity of human relationships" (The Boston Globe). Now, in this original short story, available exclusively as an eBook, Picoult introduces Serenity Jones, one of the fascinating characters from her eagerly awaited new novel,Leaving Time.Even as a child, Serenity Jones knew she possessed unusual psychic gifts. Now, decades later, sheâEuros an acclaimed medium and host of her own widely viewed TV show, where she delivers messages to the living from loved ones who have passed. Lately, though, her efforts to boost ratings and garner fame have compromised her clairvoyant instincts. When Serenity books a young war widow to appear as a guest, the episode quickly unravels, stirring up a troubling controversy. And as she tries to undo the damageâEuro"to both her reputation and her showâEuro"Serenity finds that pride comes at a high price. Praise for Jodi PicoultâEuro²Picoult is a rare writer who delivers, book after book, a winning combination of the literary and the commercial."âEuro"Entertainment WeeklyâEuro²Picoult is a solid, lively storyteller."âEuro"The New York Times âEuro²If Picoult were a general, she would be Patton; if a sports franchise, the New York Yankees; if a natural phenomenon, the sunrise."âEuro"Tampa Tribune
Zum Download / Zur Anzeige
Standort: Onleihe
Picoult, Jodi:
Where There's Smoke : A Short Story : Random House Digital, 2014. - 35 S.


text:
Scripture: Luke 1:46-55 Luke 1:46-55, known as the Magnificat, the Song of Mary or the Canticle of Mary, is a hymn or poem voiced by Mary, the mother of Jesus. The name Magnificat comes from the text's first line in Latin: Magnificat anima mea Dominum or "My soul magnifies the Lord." Placed in context, this […]Read More
2019 Advent Devotional: Sun, 12/15
Scripture: Luke 1:46-55 In one of her books on Biblical women, Episcopal priest Alice Conner notes that Mary's Magnificat in this chapter of Luke is a "first-century version of the modern-day anthem 'We Shall Overcome.'" God is inviting Mary to listen to the Divine Whispering and to live into her prophetic call. In boldly proclaiming […]Read More
2019 Advent Devotional: Introduction to Week 3
Welcome to the third week of the 2019 Advent Devotional! The scripture around which our devotional writers centered their reflections this week is The Magnificat, Luke 1:46-55: 46 And Mary[a] said, "My soul magnifies the Lord, 47 and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior, 48 for he has looked with favor on the lowliness […]Read More
2019 Advent Devotional: Sat, 12/14
Scripture: Isaiah 10:1-4 When I first read this passage, of course I thought about them: the politicians! Elected officials leading our country into destruction by way of "iniquitous decrees" and "oppressive statutes!" The other party. The bad guys. In the same moment, I pictured a row of well-groomed and intelligent people standing behind podiums, flashes […]Read More
2019 Advent Devotional: Fri, 12/13
Scripture: Isaiah 10:1-4 Sometimes it seems like there is no end to pain and cruelty in our world. So many people slip through the cracks. So many lives are disrupted by violence, natural disasters, illness, or other calamities. So many powerful people do not use their power to help the disadvantaged and heal the world. […]Read More
2019 Advent Devotional: Thurs, 12/12
Scripture: Isaiah 10:1-4 It is hard for most of us to imagine the despairing conditions described in this passage from Isaiah. Even so, injustice continues today. Even in our own country, the richest country in the world where the rule of law establishes the foundation of our democracy, there are many who are powerless victims […]Read More
2019 Advent Devotional: Wed, 12/11
Isaiah 10:1-4 Isaiah 10 talks about laws or decisions that are not good for the general public and wonders what the long-term consequences would be from those laws or decisions. This thought process implies that the person or body taking these actions cares about, or is even aware that, the consequences of their actions will […]Read More
2019 Advent Devotional: Tues, 12/10
Scripture: Isaiah 10:1-4 Over 60 years ago one of our church's adult education classes came up with the idea of Attention NOT Detention when they were having a session with the chief probation officer and Judge Robert Holmes. A most unusual thing happened: the idea did not just drop but blossomed into action. Foster homes […]Read More
2019 Advent Devotional: Mon, 12/9
Scripture: Isaiah 10:1-4 Isaiah 10:1-4 speaks against the proud oppressor who creates wicked and unjust decrees. Isaiah asks the corrupt, with power and wealth who are passing these laws, how they can turn aside the needs of so many. These needs of the poor, the widows, the orphans, not unlike those of color and culture […]Read More
2019 Advent Devotional: Sun, 12/8
Scripture: Isaiah 10:1-4 There is a piece of me that rejoices at this vision where justice is doled out to the unjust, where those who hurt, and harm are given their cosmic due. But the moment those feelings arise, I am haunted by the questions: how do I support iniquitous decrees and oppressive statutes? When […]Read More


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Strangers with Candy fans in San Francisco and New York have a chance to see the movie before the rest of us, according to the eagle-eyed Crafty Beaver.
According to the Indiewire blog, the movie will be featured at the 18th edition of NewFest, New York's Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Film Festival, on June 1, 2006. The NewFest web site promises to have more info on May 15.
When the cult television hit "Strangers with Candy" was taken off the air, a cry of sadness was heard throughout the land; the news brought grown men to their knees and made newborn babies explode. Well, let the healing begin! The long-awaited film version is ready for its coming-out party. The cast and writers from the original series are reunited for this prequel, which takes us back to when our hero, Jerri Blank (Amy Sedaris), emerges from her long prison stay. Frameline will present Strangers With Candy (along with a not-to-be-missed Jerri Blank look-a-like contest) on Thursday, June 22nd, at the Cin�Arts @ the Empire, the Festival's new venue just through the MUNI tunnel from the Castro Theatre.


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The grid for the 2019 Formula 1 season is complete with the last two open seats being announced in the wake of the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.
The driver market was as busy as ever with 12 drivers either moving teams or being brought in for their first taste of F1.
Only two teams have retained the same line-up from the 2018 season, Haas and defending champions Mercedes.
There are six new drivers joining the grid, with three of them, Lando Norris, George Russell and Alexander Albon, set for their first experience racing at the top level.
Movement was seen at the top of the grid with Charles Leclerc replacing Kimi Räikkönen at Ferrari and Pierre Gasly coming in at Red Bull in place of Daniel Ricciardo.
With the new regulations set to come in next season and drivers moving all over the place, the 2019 F1 season is setting up to be one of the most intriguing and open in recent years.
F1 2019 Driver Line-Ups
Mercedes – Lewis Hamilton & Valtteri Bottas
Ferrari – Sebastian Vettel & Charles Leclerc
Red Bull – Max Verstappen & Pierre Gasly
Renault – Daniel Ricciardo & Nico Hulkenburg
Haas – Kevin Magnussen & Romain Grosjean
McLaren – Carlos Sainz & Lando Norris
Force India – Sergio Perez & Lance Stroll
Sauber – Kimi Räikkönen & Antonio Giovinazzi
Toro Rosso – Daniil Kvyat & Alexander Albon
Williams – Robert Kubica & George Russell


text:
Opened 9 years ago
Closed 9 years ago
Last modified 8 years ago
#3116 closed enhancement (implemented)
Notice how far our connections get; Report something useful about where they get stopped
|Reported by:
|Owned by:
|Tor: 0.2.3.x-final
|Core Tor/Tor
|Actual Points:
|Parent ID:
I think that we should note how far we get in our SSL connection and renegotiation attempts, and when an OR connection fails before entering state OR_CONN_STATE_STATE, we should note its OR_CONN_STATE state and its SSL state. We should then track to see if there is a point in the handshake process where some or all of our connections are getting stopped, so as to better and more rapidly diagnose blocking events, network failures, broken SSL libraries, and wombats eating the ethernet cable.
We should do this separately for incoming and outgoing connections.
As a first cut, we can just track "how far have we gotten" on each connection either when we close it or when it is open, and note the maximum progress. We can probably make it smarter too.
Child Tickets
Change History (10)
comment:1 Changed 9 years ago by
Shall I use the loud_ssl_states branch as the basis for this bug?
comment:2 Changed 9 years ago by
Hm. I started hacking on this, and found an interesting issue: The numerical order of states in OpenSSL doesn't match to their temporal order. So to get useful information here, we'll need to define the actual temporal order we expect.
comment:3 follow-up: 4 Changed 9 years ago by
Huh, really? That's funky.
I think what we want is a way to simply log each line for important SSL transition states as we call it from the Tor source. This will give us a pretty good idea about what is failing and when.
comment:4 Changed 9 years ago by
Replying to ioerror:
Huh, really? That's funky.
I think what we want is a way to simply log each line for important SSL transition states as we call it from the Tor source. This will give us a pretty good idea about what is failing and when.
Sure, I agree that's a good start, but I think that we can do better. The point of this ticket is that I'd like Tor to report a useful diagnostic by default if, say, all of our connections are dying in renegotiation, and not wait around for the user to configure debugging and extract the logs and send them to us.
Here's an alternate option: instead of trying to answer "what's the farthest we've gotten" we could try to answer "where do connections get killed"? In other words, when a connection times out or gets closed before the OR handshake is done, we could remember that, and report the totals if a while passes without our being able to build circuits.
comment:5 Changed 9 years ago by
I've started hacking up an implementation in branch "feature3116" in my public repository. It's not done yet. The remaining issues, from the commit message, are:
- We need documentation
- We need to actually call the code that reports the failure when we realize that we're having a hard time connecting out or making circuits.
- We need to periodically clear out all this data -- perhaps, whenever we build a circuit successfully?
- We'll eventually want to expose it to controllers, perhaps.
comment:6 Changed 9 years ago by
arma suggests I should look at control_event_boootstrap_problem() as a place to call the 'report what's been happening' function.
comment:7 Changed 9 years ago by
|new → needs_review
Okay, the "feature3116" branch in my public repository is I think ready for review.
comment:8 Changed 9 years ago by
|→ implemented
|needs_review → closed
Two weeks without comment. I've taken another careful look at the code, added a memory-saving tweak, and merged it.
comment:9 Changed 8 years ago by
|tor-client added
comment:10 Changed 8 years ago by
|Tor Client → Tor


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Chelsea interim manager Guus Hiddink says his players have finally rediscovered last season's form after his side's 5-1 win at Milton Keynes Dons.
The Blues safely reached the next round of the FA Cup where they will face Manchester City.
And the Dutchman was visibly delighted and full of praise for his players at the end of the 90 minutes.
"We are delighted," Hiddink told BBC Sport.
"The concentration against the big teams is always high but these games you have to be well prepared mentally. They got even but we reacted very well.
"Oscar is playing with a smile on his face and that's what I like with the players when they know their obligations and they do it.
"[What changed since my arrival?] What I asked in the beginning is when they made the contribution to be champions last year? I wanted the contribution they did then. I asked the players 'what did you do? Let's try to go back to what your basic skills are."