text:
Eric FOUILLAND
Interactions Phytoplancton-bactéries
Flux de Carbone, Azote, Oxygène
Intensification écologique
Terrain d'étude
Milieux Aquatiques
Systèmes de Production de Microalgues
Galès, A., et al. "Control of the pH for marine microalgae polycultures: A key point for CO2 fixation improvement in intensive cultures." Journal of CO2 Utilization. 38 (2020): 187–193.
Résumé: Recently, CO2 recycling for the production of valuable microalgae has acquired substantial interest. Most studies investigating CO2 conversion efficiency in algal cultures were based on single species, although a stabilising effect of algal diversity on biomass production was recently highlighted. However, addition of CO2 into polyalgal cultures requires a careful control of pH; performance of CO2 conversion, growth and carbon biomass production are affected by pH differently, depending on the species of microalgae. This study investigates the efficiency of CO2 conversion by natural marine algal assemblage cultivated in open, land-based raceways (4.5 m3, 10 m2), working as high rate algal ponds (HRAP). Ponds were enriched with nitrogen and phosphate, pure CO2 was added and algal cultures were grown under three different fixed pH levels: pH 6, 7 and 8. The highest conversion of photosynthetically fixed CO2 into carbon biomass (40 %) was reached at pH 7, an intermediate level, due to the partial CO2 asphyxiation of algal predators (copepods, ciliates), while being under the suboptimal conditions for the development of marine amoebae. Under this pH, the theoretical maximal biological conversion of available CO2 into carbon biomass was estimated to be 60 % in naturally inoculated open ponds.
Mots-Clés: Carbon yield; Microalgal diversity; pH; Predators
Krichen, E., A. Rapaport, and E. Fouilland. "About frame estimation of growth functions and robust prediction in bioprocess modeling." Journal of Process Control. 85 (2020): 121–135.
Résumé: We address the problem of determining functional framing from experimental data points in view of robust time-varying predictions, which is of crucial importance in bioprocess monitoring. We propose a method that provides guaranteed functional bounds, instead of sets of parameters values for growth functions such as the classical Monod or Haldane functions commonly used in bioprocess modeling. We illustrate the applicability of the method with bioreactor simulations in batch and continuous mode, as well as on real data. We also present two extensions of the method adding flexibility in its application, and discuss its efficiency in providing guaranteed state estimations.
Mots-Clés: Functional estimation; Growth functions; Interval observers; Least square
|Krichen, E., et al. "Demonstration of facilitation between microalgae to face environmental stress (vol 9, 16076, 2019)." Sci Rep. 10.1 (2020): 3557.
Pringault, O., et al. "Impacts of chemical contamination on bacterio-phytoplankton coupling." Chemosphere. 257 (2020): 127165.
Résumé: Phytoplankton and bacterioplankton are the key components of the organic matter cycle in aquatic ecosystems, and their interactions can impact the transfer of carbon and ecosystem functioning. The aim of this work was to assess the consequences of chemical contamination on the coupling between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in two contrasting marine coastal ecosystems: lagoon waters and offshore waters. Bacterial carbon demand was sustained by primary carbon production in the offshore situation, suggesting a tight coupling between both compartments. In contrast, in lagoon waters, due to a higher nutrient and organic matter availability, bacteria could rely on allochthonous carbon sources to sustain their carbon requirements, decreasing so the coupling between both compartments. Exposure to chemical contaminants, pesticides and metal trace elements, resulted in a significant inhibition of the metabolic activities (primary production and bacterial carbon demand) involved in the carbon cycle, especially in offshore waters during spring and fall, inducing a significant decrease of the coupling between primary producers and heterotrophs. This coupling loss was even more evident upon sediment resuspension for both ecosystems due to the important release of nutrients and organic matter. Resulting enrichment alleviated the toxic effects of contaminants as indicated by the stimulation of phytoplankton biomass and carbon production, and modified the composition of the phytoplankton community, impacting so the interactions between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton.
Mots-Clés: Bacterial carbon demand; Carbon cycle; Pesticides; Primary production; Trace metallic elements
Galès, A., et al. "Importance of ecological interactions during wastewater treatment using High Rate Algal Ponds under different temperate climates." Algal Research. 40 (2019): 101508.
Résumé: Several studies focused on wastewater treatment in High Rate Algal Ponds (HRAP) suggest that highly variable climatic conditions cause large variations of microalgal biomass productivity. In the present study, we show that similar carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies were reached in different HRAPs treating urban wastewaters located in two different temperate (Mediterranean and oceanic) climates. Furthermore, similar ecological successions were observed in these HRAPs. During the start-up phase, the consumption of organic matter by detritivores, already present in the wastewater, appears to be necessary for the microalgae to grow within two weeks in spring. The growth of the rapid-growing species, Chlorella sp., followed by the grazing-resilient species, Scenedesmus sp., combined with nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial activity, removed most the ammonia. The resulting exhaustion of ammonia would limit the complete removal of dissolved COD by bacteria and phosphate by microalgae in the HRAPs. This study shows that similar biological and environmental constraints were applied on the HRAPs, making the process efficiency highly reproducible under different temperate latitudes.
Mots-Clés: Ammonia and phosphate removal; Bacteria; Microalgae; Predators; Urban effluents
Krichen, E., et al. "Demonstration of facilitation between microalgae to face environmental stress." Sci Rep. 9.1 (2019): 1–11.
Résumé: Positive interactions such as facilitation play an important role during the biological colonization and species succession in harsh or changing environments. However, the direct evidence of such ecological interaction in microbial communities remains rare. Using common freshwater microalgae isolated from a High Rate Algal Pond HRAP treating wastewaters, we investigated with both experimental and modeling approaches the direct facilitation between two algal strains during the colonization phase. Our results demonstrate that the first colonization by microalgae under a severe chemical condition arose from the rapid growth of pioneer species such as Chlorella sorokiniana, which facilitated the subsequent colonization of low growth specialists such as Scenedesmus pectinatus. The pioneer species rapidly depleted the total available ammonia nitrogen favoring the specialist species initially inhibited by free ammonia toxicity. This latter species ultimately dominated the algal community through competitive exclusion under low nutrient conditions. We show that microbial successions are not only regulated by climatic conditions but also by interactions between species based on the ability to modify their growth conditions. We suggest that facilitation within the aquatic microbial communities is a widespread ecological interaction under a vast range of environmental stress.
Li, M., et al. "Bioremediation of fishpond effluent and production of microalgae for an oyster farm in an innovative recirculating integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system." Aquaculture. 504 (2019): 314–325.
Résumé: Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems are a promising solution for sustainable aquaculture combining nutrient recycling with increased biomass production. An innovative land-based recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) was studied in France for a 60-day experiment. It combined a European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) RAS with two other production systems: high rate algal ponds (HRAP) with natural marine polyspecific algal assemblages, and oysters in separate open tanks. The objective was the assessment of: 1) the efficiency and the stability of the microalgae bioremediation of the effluent from a fish RAS in spring and summer, 2) the abundance and the diversity patterns of the microalgae biomass for consumption in the oyster compartment of the IMTA. Silicate was added every week after the beginning of the experiment for maintaining a Si:N:P molar ratio of 10:5:1 in the HRAP to encourage the growth of diatoms. The HRAP have an overall removal efficiency of 98.6 ± 0.2% for NO3-N, 98.0 ± 0.4% for NO2-N, 97.3 ± 0.7% for NH4-N and 96.1 ± 0.6% for PO4-P, with removal rates of 335.8 ± 0.8, 23.6 ± 0.2, 30.9 ± 0.2, and 22.3 ± 0.2 mg m−2 d−1, respectively. The concentration of total suspended solid (TSS) and chlorophyll a (chl a) increased during the experiment and reached maximum values on day 46 (135.3 ± 34.7 mg TSS l−1 and 0.42 ± 0.03 mg chl a l−1) after which the microalgae collapsed due to a CO2 limitation (pH ca. 10). Sequencing analysis revealed that the microalgae community was dominated by Tetraselmis sp. from day 1 to day 16 (45.7% to 73.8% relative abundance). From day 30 to day 43 the culture was dominated by diatoms, Phaeodactylum sp. (83.4% to 98.1% relative abundance). Although the stable carbon isotope signatures confirmed that the microalgae were consumed, oysters' growth was limited in the RAS-IMTA, suggesting that oysters were under stress or not fed enough.
Mots-Clés: Community structure; Imta; Microalgae; Nutrient bioremediation; Oysters
|Roque D'Orbcastel, E., et al. "Fish, Algae, and Oysters: The Winning Trio in Aquaculture." Front. Young Minds. 7 (2019): 131.
|Villeger, S., et al. "Interspecific differences in the effect of fish on marine microbial plankton." Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 82.3 (2019): 289–298.
|Fouilland, E., et al. "Assessment of bacterial dependence on marine primary production along a northern latitudinal gradient." FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 94.10 (2018).
Fouilland, E., et al. "Influence of bacteria on the response of microalgae to contaminant mixtures." Chemosphere. 211 (2018): 449–455.
Résumé: When microalgae are exposed to contaminants, the role of associated bacteria within the phycosphere, the microenvironment surrounding algal cells, remains largely unknown. The present study investigated the importance of algae-associated bacteria on the responses of microalgae growth to metallic and organic toxicant exposure. The effects of a polluted sediment elutriate, and of metal or pesticide mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations (<10 μg L−1) were assessed on the growth of two microalgae strains: Isochrysis galbana, a prymnesiophyte, and Thalassiosira delicatula, a centric diatom. Both cultures were maintained as axenic or bacterized under similar conditions in batch cultures. In axenic conditions, the metal mixture addition at low concentrations alleviated limitation of growth by metals for T. delicatula relative to control, but inhibited I. galbana growth at highest concentration. In similar axenic conditions, both T. delicatula and I. galbana growth were negatively inhibited by pesticide mixture at concentrations as low as 10 ng L−1. The bacterial diversities associated with the two microalgae strains were significantly different (Bray–Curtis dissimilarity greater than 0.9) but their impact on microalgae growth was similar. The presence of bacteria reduced algal growth rate by ca. 50% compared to axenic cultures, whereas no significant effect of sediment elutriate, metal or pesticide mixtures was noticed on non-axenic algal growth rates. These results show that bacteria may have a negative effect on algal growth but can reduce pesticide toxicity or metal availability to algae.
Fouilland, E., et al. "Significant Change in Marine Plankton Structure and Carbon Production After the Addition of River Water in a Mesocosm Experiment." Microbial Ecology. 74.2 (2017): 289–301.
Résumé: Rivers are known to be major contributors to eutrophication in marine coastal waters, but little is known on the short-term impact of freshwater surges on the structure and functioning of the marine plankton community. The effect of adding river water, reducing the salinity by 15 and 30%, on an autumn plankton community in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Thau Lagoon, France) was determined during a 6-day mesocosm experiment. Adding river water brought not only nutrients but also chlorophyceans that did not survive in the brackish mesocosm waters. The addition of water led to initial increases (days 1-2) in bacterial production as well as increases in the abundances of bacterioplankton and picoeukaryotes. After day 3, the increases were more significant for diatoms and dinoflagellates that were already present in the Thau Lagoon water (mainly Pseudo-nitzschia spp. group delicatissima and Prorocentrum triestinum) and other larger organisms (tintinnids, rotifers). At the same time, the abundances of bacterioplankton, cyanobacteria, and picoeukaryote fell, some nutrients (NH4 (+), SiO4 (3-)) returned to pre-input levels, and the plankton structure moved from a trophic food web based on secondary production to the accumulation of primary producers in the mesocosms with added river water. Our results also show that, after freshwater inputs, there is rapid emergence of plankton species that are potentially harmful to living organisms. This suggests that flash flood events may lead to sanitary issues, other than pathogens, in exploited marine areas.
Leboulanger, C., et al. "Microbial Diversity and Cyanobacterial Production in Dziani Dzaha Crater Lake, a Unique Tropical Thalassohaline Environment." Plos One. 12.1 (2017): e0168879.
Résumé: This study describes, for the first time, the water chemistry and microbial diversity in Dziani Dzaha, a tropical crater lake located on Mayotte Island (Comoros archipelago, Western Indian Ocean). The lake water had a high level of dissolved matter and high alkalinity (10.6–14.5 g L-1 eq. CO32-, i.e. 160–220 mM compare to around 2–2.5 in seawater), with salinity up to 52 psu, 1.5 higher than seawater. Hierarchical clustering discriminated Dziani Dzaha water from other alkaline, saline lakes, highlighting its thalassohaline nature. The phytoplankton biomass was very high, with a total chlorophyll a concentration of 524 to 875 μg chl a L-1 depending on the survey, homogeneously distributed from surface to bottom (4 m). Throughout the whole water column the photosynthetic biomass was dominated (>97% of total biovolume) by the filamentous cyanobacteria Arthrospira sp. with a straight morphotype. In situ daily photosynthetic oxygen production ranged from 17.3 to 22.2 g O2 m-2 d-1, consistent with experimental production / irradiance measurements and modeling. Heterotrophic bacterioplankton was extremely abundant, with cell densities up to 1.5 108 cells mL-1 in the whole water column. Isolation and culture of 59 Eubacteria strains revealed the prevalence of alkaliphilic and halophilic organisms together with taxa unknown to date, based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. A single cloning-sequencing approach using archaeal 16S rDNA gene primers unveiled the presence of diverse extremophilic Euryarchaeota. The water chemistry of Dziani Dzaha Lake supports the hypothesis that it was derived from seawater and strongly modified by geological conditions and microbial activities that increased the alkalinity. Dziani Dzaha has a unique consortium of cyanobacteria, phytoplankton, heterotrophic Eubacteria and Archaea, with very few unicellular protozoa, that will deserve further deep analysis to unravel its uncommon diversity. A single taxon, belonging to the genus Arthrospira, was found responsible for almost all photosynthetic primary production.
Mots-Clés: Biomass (ecology); Cyanobacteria; Lakes; Oxygen; Phytoplankton; Ribosomal RNA; Sea water; Surface water
Bellini, S., et al. "Simulation Method Linking Dense Microalgal Culture Spectral Properties in the 400–750 nm Range to the Physiology of the Cells." Appl. Spectrosc., AS. 70.6 (2016): 1018–1033.
Résumé: This work describes a method to model the optical properties over the (400−750 nm) spectral range of a dense microalgal culture using the chemical and physical properties of the algal cells. The method was based on a specific program called AlgaSim coupled with the adding–doubling method: at the individual cell scale, AlgaSim simulates the spectral properties of one model, three-layer spherical algal cell from its size and chemical composition. As a second step, the adding–doubling method makes it possible to retrieve the total transmittance of the algal medium from the optical properties of the individual algal cells. The method was tested by comparing the simulated total transmittance spectra for dense marine microalgal cultures of Isochrysis galbana (small flagellates) and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (diatoms) to spectra measured using an experimental spectrophotometric setup. Our study revealed that the total transmittance spectra simulated for the quasi-spherical cells of Isochrysis galbana were in good agreement with the measured spectra over the whole spectral range. For Phaeodactylum tricornutum, large differences between simulated and measured spectra were observed over the blue part of the transmittance spectra, probably due to non-spherical shape of the algal cells. Prediction of the algal cell density, mean size and pigment composition from the total transmittance spectra measured on algal samples was also investigated using the reversal of the method. Mean cell size was successfully predicted for both species. The cell density was also successfully predicted for spherical Isochrysis galbana, with a relative error below 7%, but not for elongated Phaeodactylum tricornutum with a relative error up to 26%. The pigments total quantity and composition, the carotenoids:chlorophyll ratio in particular, were also successfully predicted for Isochrysis galbana with a relative error below 8%. However, the pigment predictions and measurements for Phaeodactylum tricornutum showed large discrepancies, with a relative error up to 88%. These results give strong support for the development of a promising tool providing rapid and accurate estimations of biomass and physiological status of a dense microalgal culture based on only light transmittance properties.
Fouilland, E., et al. "Effect of mixing on the structure of a natural plankton community: a mesocosm study." Vie et Milieu. 66.3-4 (2016): 251–259.
Résumé: A plankton community (< 202 μm) from the St. Lawrence Estuary was isolated
in four outdoor mesocosms with SLOW and fast mixing regimes. Variations in the concentrations
of nutrients, chlorophyll a (Chl a), nitrogen transport rates and plankton species composition
were monitored over a 10 day period. The vertical mixing times (Tm) for the slow and
fast mixing regimes were 180 and 60 min, corresponding to a vertical eddy diffusivity (Kv) of
2.34 and 7.03 cm2 s–1, respectively. The different mixing regimes had a strong effect on the
physiology of the phytoplankton and the specific structure of the plankton assemblage. The
Slow mixing regime stimulated the development of a mixed community of flagellates, small
diatoms and proto-metazooplankton while the fast mixing regime triggered the development
of a large diatom-dominated community with lower abundances of proto-metazooplankton. At
the end of the 10 day experiment, the Chl a concentrations were 50 % higher in the mesocosms
with the fast mixing regime than in those with the slow mixing regime. These results indicate
that, under low nutrient conditions, higher turbulence gives a competitive advantage to diatoms
and decreases the zooplankton grazing pressure, resulting in net positive growth. Extrapolation
of these results to natural systems suggests that a wind-driven mixing event may increase
the net phytoplankton biomass production of a stratified water column, even if there is no external
input of nutrients.
Mots-Clés: Accumulation; Composition; nitrogen; Phytoplankton Biomass; Phytoplankton Species; Structure Of The Pelagic Food Web; Transport Rates; turbulence; Vertical Mixing
Trottet, A., et al. "Heterotrophic Bacteria Show Weak Competition for Nitrogen in Mediterranean Coastal Waters (Thau Lagoon) in Autumn." Microb Ecol. 71.2 (2016): 304–314.
Résumé: The importance of heterotrophic bacteria relative to phytoplankton in the uptake of ammonium and nitrate was studied in Mediterranean coastal waters (Thau Lagoon) during autumn, when the Mediterranean Sea received the greatest allochthonous nutrient loads. Specific inhibitors and size-fractionation methods were used in combination with isotopic 15N tracers. NO3 − and NH4 + uptake was dominated by phytoplankton (60 % on average) during the study period, which included a flood event. Despite lower biomass specific NH4 + and NO3 uptake rates, free-living heterotrophic bacteria contributed significantly (>30 %) to total microbial NH4 + and NO3 − uptake rates in low chlorophyll waters. Under these conditions, heterotrophic bacteria may be responsible for more than 50 % of primary production, using very little freshly produced phytoplankton exudates. In low chlorophyll coastal waters as reported during the present 3-month study, the heterotrophic bacteria seemed to depend to a greater extent on allochthonous N and C substrates than on autochthonous substrates derived from phytoplankton.
Mots-Clés: Bacteria; Dissolved inorganic nitrogen; Ecology; Geoecology/Natural Processes; Inhibitors; Microbial ecology; Microbiology; Nature Conservation; Nitrogen uptake; Phytoplankton; Size fractionation; Water Quality/Water Pollution
Turon, V., et al. "Potentialities of dark fermentation effluents as substrates for microalgae growth: A review." Process Biochem.. 51.11 (2016): 1843–1854.
Résumé: In recent years, coupling bacterial dark fermentation (DF) and heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae (HCM) has been pointed out as a promising sustainable approach for producing both gaseous and liquid biofuels. Complex organic waste and effluents that are not susceptible to be directly degraded by microalgae are first converted into volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and hydrogen by DF. In this work, the feasibility of using DF effluents to sustain HCM has been thoroughly reviewed and evaluated. Promising perspectives in terms of microalgae biomass and lipids production are proposed and can be extended as guidelines to promote HCM whatever the organic waste used. Abiotic and biotic factors from DF effluents that promote or inhibit microalgae growth are discussed as well as the use of unsterile DF effluents. Overall, the microalgae growth is favored on effluents containing high acetate concentration (>3 g L-1), with a high acetate:butyrate ratio (>2.5), and when pH is strictly controlled. At a low acetate:butyrate ratio (<1) and/or high total metabolites concentrations (>10 g L-1), a low substrate:microalgae ratio and the presence of light appear to enhance microalgae growth. Butyrate content appears to be a key factor when coupling DF/HCM since high butyrate concentration inhibits the microalgae growth. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mots-Clés: Acidogenesis; alga crypthecodinium-cohnii; Biohydrogen; biohydrogen production; chlorella-vulgaris; Dark fermentation; fed-batch cultivation; food waste; heterotrophic microalgae; Heterotrophy; hydrogen-production; Microalgae; mixotrophic growth; volatile fatty-acids; waste-water treatment
Alves-de-Souza, C., et al. "Significance of Plankton Community Structure and Nutrient Availability for the Control of Dinoflagellate Blooms by Parasites: A Modeling Approach." PLoS ONE. 10.6 (2015): e0127623.
Résumé: Dinoflagellate blooms are frequently observed under temporary eutrophication of coastal waters after heavy rains. Growth of these opportunistic microalgae is believed to be promoted by sudden input of nutrients and the absence or inefficiency of their natural enemies, such as grazers and parasites. Here, numerical simulations indicate that increasing nutrient availability not only promotes the formation of dinoflagellate blooms but can also stimulate their control by protozoan parasites. Moreover, high abundance of phytoplankton other than dinoflagellate hosts might have a significant dilution effect on the control of dinoflagellate blooms by parasites, either by resource competition with dinoflagellates (thus limiting the number of hosts available for infection) or by affecting numerical-functional responses of grazers that consume free-living parasite stages. These outcomes indicate that although both dinoflagellates and their protozoan parasites are directly affected by nutrient availability, the efficacy of the parasitic control of dinoflagellate blooms under temporary eutrophication depends strongly on the structure of the plankton community as a whole.
Brauer, V. S., et al. "Competition and facilitation between the marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteriunn Cyanothece and its associated bacterial community." Frontiers in Microbiology. 5 (2015).
Résumé: N-2-fixing cyanobacteria represent a major source of new nitrogen and carbon for marine microbial communities, but little is known about their ecological interactions with associated microbiota. In this study we investigated the interactions between the unicellular N-2-fixing cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. Miami BG043511 and its associated free-living chemotrophic bacteria at different concentrations of nitrate and dissolved organic carbon and different temperatures. High temperature strongly stimulated the growth of Cyanothece, but had less effect on the growth and community composition of the chemotrophic bacteria. Conversely, nitrate and carbon addition did not significantly increase the abundance of Cyanothece, but strongly affected the abundance and species composition of the associated chemotrophic bacteria. In nitrate-free medium the associated bacterial community was co-dominated by the putative diazotroph Mesorhizobium and the putative aerobic anoxygenic phototroph Erythrobacter and after addition of organic carbon also by the Flavobacterium Muricauda. Addition of nitrate shifted the composition toward co-dominance by Erythrobacter and the Gammaproteobacterium Marinobacter. Our results indicate that Cyanothece modified the species composition of its associated bacteria through a combination of competition and facilitation. Furthermore, within the bacterial community, niche differentiation appeared to play an important role, contributing to the coexistence of a variety of different functional groups. An important implication of these findings is that changes in nitrogen and carbon availability due to, e.g., eutrophication and climate change are likely to have a major impact on the species composition of the bacterial community associated with N-2-fixing cyanobacteria.
Mots-Clés: aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs; cyanobacteria; heterotrophic bacteria; microbiota; nitrogen fixation; Phytoplankton; resource competition; species interactions
Faure, D., et al. "Environmental microbiology as a mosaic of explored ecosystems and issues." Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 22.18 (2015): 13577–13598.
Résumé: Microbes are phylogenetically (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya, and viruses) and functionally diverse. They colonize highly varied environments and rapidly respond to and evolve as a response to local and global environmental changes, including those induced by pollutants resulting from human activities. This review exemplifies the Microbial Ecology EC2CO consortium's efforts to explore the biology, ecology, diversity, and roles of microbes in aquatic and continental ecosystems.
Mostajir, B., et al. "Microbial food web structural and functional responses to oyster and fish as top predators." Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 535 (2015): 11–27.
Résumé: ABSTRACT: The impact of fish and oysters on components of the pelagic microbial food web (MFW) was studied in a 10 d mesocosm experiment using Mediterranean coastal waters. Two mesocosms contained natural water only , 2 contained natural water with Crassostrea gigas (Oyster), and 2 contained natural water with Atherina spp. (Fish). Abundances and biomasses of microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, phytoplankton, heterotrophic flagellates, and ciliates) were measured to estimate their contribution to the total microbial carbon biomass. Two MFW indices, the microbial autotroph:heterotroph C biomass ratio (A:H) structural index and the gross primary production:respiration ratio (GPP:R) functional index, were defined. In the Fish mesocosms, selective predation on zooplankton led to a trophic cascade with 51% higher phytoplankton C biomass and consequently higher A:H and GPP:R than in the Controls. By the end of the experiment, the Oyster mesocosms had a bacterial C biomass 87% higher and phytoplankton C biomass 93% lower than the Controls, giving significantly lower A:H and GPP:R (<1). Overall, the results showed that wild zooplanktivorous fish had a cascading trophic effect, making the MFW more autotrophic (both indices gt;1), whereas oyster activities made the MFW more heterotrophic (both indices lt;1). These MFW indices can therefore be used to assess the impact of multiple local and global forcing factors on the MFW. The results presented here also have implications for sustainable management of coastal environments, suggesting that intense cultivation of filter feeders can be coupled with management to encourage wild local zooplanktivorous fishes to maintain a more resilient system and preserve the equilibrium of the MFW.
Turon, V., et al. "Use of fermentative metabolites for heterotrophic microalgae growth: Yields and kinetics." Bioresource Technology. 175 (2015): 342–349.
Résumé: Abstract
The growth of two lipid-producing Chlorella species on fermentative end-products acetate, butyrate and lactate, was investigated using a kinetic modeling approach. Chlorella sorokiniana and Auxenochlorella protothecoides were grown on synthetic media with various (acetate:butyrate:lactate) ratios. Both species assimilated efficiently acetate and butyrate with yields between 0.4 and 0.5 g carbon of biomass/g carbon of substrate, but did not use lactate. The highest growth rate on acetate, 2.23 d−1, was observed for C. sorokiniana, and on butyrate, 0.22 d−1, for A. protothecoides. Butyrate removal started after complete acetate exhaustion (diauxic effect). However, butyrate consumption may be favored by the increase of biomass concentration induced by the initial use of acetate. A model combining Monod and Haldane functions was then built and fitted the experimental data well for both species. Butyrate concentration and (acetate:butyrate) ratios were identified as key parameters for heterotrophic growth of microalgae on fermentative metabolites.
Mots-Clés: Chlorella; Diauxic effect; Heterotrophy; Kinetic model; Volatile fatty acids
Turon, V., et al. "Raw dark fermentation effluent to support heterotrophic microalgae growth: microalgae successfully outcompete bacteria for acetate." Algal Research. 12 (2015): 119–125.
Résumé: Coupling dark fermentation (DF), which produces hydrogen from diverse effluents or solid waste, and heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae, which produces lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, is a promising and innovative solution for developing sustainable biorefineries. The use of a raw DF effluent, containing acetate and butyrate, to support the heterotrophic growth of Chlorella sorokiniana was investigated. All the acetate in sterilized and unsterilized DF effluent was exhausted in less than three days of heterotrophic cultivation, whereas butyrate was not used by the microalgae. The microalgae biomass reached 0.33 g L− 1 with a carbon yield on acetate of 55%. The algal yield was higher than previously reported for synthetic DF effluent. It was concluded that compounds other than volatile fatty acids were present in the DF effluent and these could be consumed by the microalgae. After the acetate had been exhausted, butyrate was consumed by facultative and strict aerobic bacteria originating from the DF effluent. The concentration of the bacterial community increased during the experiment but did not have any significant impact on heterotrophic microalgae growth. A high microalgal biomass yield was achieved without requiring the DF effluent to be sterilized.
Mots-Clés: Bacterial diversity; Biohydrogen; Chlorella sorokiniana; Dark fermentation; Heterotrophic cultivation; Volatile fatty acids (VFAs)
Turon, V., et al. "Growth of Chlorella sorokiniana on a mixture of volatile fatty acids: The effects of light and temperature." Bioresource Technology. 198 (2015): 852–860.
Résumé: This study investigated the influence of light and temperature on Chlorella sorokiniana grown on a mixture of acetate and butyrate, two of the volatile fatty acids produced by dark fermentation. Exposure to light caused autotrophic biomass production (56% of the final biomass) and reduced the time to reach butyrate exhaustion to 7 days at 25 °C from 10 days in the dark. For growth on acetate at the optimum temperature (35 °C), the presence of butyrate reduced the growth rate (by 46%) and the carbon yield (by 36%). For successful microalgae growth on dark fermentation effluent, butyrate inhibition may be reduced by setting the temperature to 30 °C and providing light.
Fouilland, E., et al. "Bacterial carbon dependence on freshly produced phytoplankton exudates under different nutrient availability and grazing pressure conditions in coastal marine waters." FEMS microbiology ecology. 87.3 (2014): 757–769.
Résumé: The effects of grazing pressure and inorganic nutrient availability on the direct carbon transfer from freshly produced phytoplankton exudates to heterotrophic bacteria biomass production were studied in Mediterranean coastal waters. The short-term incorporation of (1)(3)C (H(1)(3)CO(3)) in phytoplankton and bacterial lipid biomarkers was measured as well as the total bacterial carbon production (BP), viral lysis and the microbial community structure under three experimental conditions: (1) High inorganic Nutrient and High Grazing (HN + HG), (2) High inorganic Nutrient and Low Grazing (HN + LG) and (3) under natural in situ conditions with Low inorganic Nutrient and High Grazing (LN + HG) during spring. Under phytoplankton bloom conditions (HN + LG), the bacterial use of freshly produced phytoplankton exudates as a source of carbon, estimated from (1)(3)C enrichment of bacterial lipids, contributed more than half of the total bacterial production. However, under conditions of high grazing pressure on phytoplankton with or without the addition of inorganic nutrients (HN + HG and LN + HG), the (1)(3)C enrichment of bacterial lipids was low compared with the high total bacterial production. BP therefore seems to depend mainly on freshly produced phytoplankton exudates during the early phase of phytoplankton bloom period. However, BP seems mainly relying on recycled carbon from viral lysis and predators under high grazing pressure.
Mots-Clés: bacteria; carbon coupling; coastal waters; interactions; phytoplankton
Fouilland, E., et al. "Coupling algal biomass production and anaerobic digestion: Production assessment of some native temperate and tropical microalgae." Biomass & Bioenergy (2014).
Résumé: Coupling algal biomass production and anaerobic digestion is one of the most promising bioprocesses for economically viable algal production. This study assesses the production rates of some native microalgae growing in media supplemented with algal digestate, urban wastewater or digested sludge. Native microalgal populations isolated from temperate freshwaters (Scenedesmus spp.) and marine ecosystems (Nannochloris spp.) had the highest potential production rates (about 100 mg DW L−1 d−1) with algal digestate at about 20% loading ratio. However, no growth was measured for Nannochloris spp., when the ammonium concentration exceeded 100 mg L−1 although Scenedesmus spp. appeared to be tolerant to higher NH4+ concentrations. Very low production rates, or no growth, were measured when microalgae isolated from high salinity waters (Dunaliella salina, Lyngbya aestuarii) were used, suggesting that populations well adapted to extreme environmental conditions are not suitable candidates for growing on wastewater or anaerobic digestate.
Mots-Clés: Digestates; Extreme natural environments; Wastewaters; chlorophyta; cyanobacteria; microalgae
Fouilland, E., et al. "Microbial carbon and nitrogen production under experimental conditions combining warming with increased ultraviolet-B radiation in Mediterranean coastal waters." J Exp Mar Biol Ecol. 439 (2013): 47–53.
Résumé: The effects of warming and increased ultraviolet-B radiation (OVER, 280-320 nm) have been rarely studied at food web scale and very few studies have considered the effect of combining these two climatic stressors. Microbial carbon and nitrogen dynamics were studied under the single and combined conditions of +3 degrees C warming and +20% UVBR above the natural levels (control) during a 10-day mesocosm experiment in coastal Mediterranean waters. The effect of increased UVBR on primary production (PP) and bacterial production (BP) rates was rarely significant during the experiment. Warming alone or combined with increased UVBR significantly reduced BP by about 30% but also significantly increased PP by an average of 90%. No accumulation of particulate organic matter was observed during the experiment but, in the warmed mesocosms, the cumulative carbon and nitrogen losses were greater (ca. +40%). The main short-term consequence of warming was, therefore, a shift of the food web dynamics leading to higher C and N losses. This suggests a more efficient transfer of the newly produced microbial production to the upper trophic levels and a greater exportation into deeper waters through settlement under warmer conditions in Mediterranean coastal waters in the future. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Mots-Clés: Mesocosm experiment; Microbial food web; Nitrogen and carbon uptake; climate change; thau lagoon
Le Chevanton, M., et al. "Screening and selection of growth-promoting bacteria for Dunaliella cultures." Algal Research. 2 (2013): 212–222.
Mots-Clés: Bacterial diversity; Dunaliella; Interaction; bacteria; microalgae
Mostajir, B., et al. "A new transportable floating mesocosm platform with autonomous sensors for real time data acquisition and transmission for studying the pelagic food web functioning." Limnol Oceanogr-Meth. 11 (2013): 394–409.
Résumé: We describe a new transportable floating mesocosm platform with autonomous sensors. The platform has 9 separate units that can be transported by medium-sized research vessels and positioned in coastal waters. The in situ mesocosms are equipped with a set of sensors for measuring water temperature, conductivity, chlorophyll a fluorescence (Chl a), and dissolved oxygen concentration. It can take measurements every 2 min, store these measurements, and transmit them in real time. Each mesocosm has a pump with regulated flow to mix the water column. One of the floating units is used as an in situ observatory to monitor the water temperature and Chl a in the water around the mesocosms as well as weather data and the incident light. The main data logger on the platform sends all the data collected to a remote PC computer. This floating mesocosm platform was successfully deployed in 2010 and 2011 in Mediterranean coastal waters (Thau lagoon and Cretan Sea, respectively). Simultaneous, automatic, high temporal resolution monitoring of physical, chemical, and biological parameters in the mesocosms proved to be a powerful, noninvasive, and effective approach for i) monitoring the variations in physical and chemical parameters in real time and ii) assessing the short-term variations in Chl a and the pelagic food web metabolism (e.g., the community respiration, gross primary production, and net community production) in the mesocosms without any manipulation of water samples.
Mots-Clés: Oxygen; diatom bloom; fluorescence; phytoplankton; planktonic community; respiration; seawater; technical note; ultraviolet-b radiation; winkler method
Domaizon, I., et al. "Short-term responses of unicellular planktonic eukaryotes to increases in temperature and UVB radiation." BMC Microbiology. 12.1 (2012).
Résumé: BACKGROUND:Small size eukaryotes play a fundamental role in the functioning of coastal ecosystems, however, the way in which these micro-organisms respond to combined effects of water temperature, UVB radiations (UVBR) and nutrient availability is still poorly investigated.RESULTS:We coupled molecular tools (18S rRNA gene sequencing and fingerprinting) with microscope-based identification and counting to experimentally investigate the short-term responses of small eukaryotes (<6mum; from a coastal Mediterranean lagoon) to a warming treatment (+3degreesC) and UVB radiation increases (+20%) at two different nutrient levels. Interestingly, the increase in temperature resulted in higher pigmented eukaryotes abundances and in community structure changes clearly illustrated by molecular analyses. For most of the phylogenetic groups, some rearrangements occurred at the OTUs level even when their relative proportion (microscope counting) did not change significantly. Temperature explained almost 20% of the total variance of the small eukaryote community structure (while UVB explained only 8.4%). However, complex cumulative effects were detected. Some antagonistic or non additive effects were detected between temperature and nutrients, especially for Dinophyceae and Cryptophyceae.CONCLUSIONS:This multifactorial experiment highlights the potential impacts, over short time scales, of changing environmental factors on the structure of various functional groups like small primary producers, parasites and saprotrophs which, in response, can modify energy flow in the planktonic food webs.
|Fouilland, E. "Biodiversity as a tool for waste phycoremediation and biomass production." Rev. Environ. Sci. Bio-Technol.. 11.1 (2012): 1–4.
|Fouilland, E., et al. "Impact of a river flash flood on microbial carbon and nitrogen production in a Mediterranean Lagoon (Thau Lagoon, France)." Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science. 113 (2012): 192–204.
Vasseur, C., et al. "Carbon conversion efficiency and population dynamics of a marine algae-bacteria consortium growing on simplified synthetic digestate: First step in a bioprocess coupling algal production and anaerobic digestion." Bioresource Technology. 119 (2012): 79–87.
Résumé: Association of microalgae culture and anaerobic digestion seems a promising technology for sustainable algal biomass and biogas production. The use of digestates for sustaining the growth of microalgae reduces the costs and the environmental impacts associated with the substantial algal nutrient requirements. A natural marine algae bacteria consortium was selected by growing on a medium containing macro nutrients (ammonia, phosphate and acetate) specific of a digestate, and was submitted to a factorial experimental design with different levels of temperature, light and pH. The microalgal consortium reached a maximum C conversion efficiency (i.e. ratio between carbon content produced and carbon supplied through light photosynthetic C conversion and acetate) of 3.6%. The presence of bacteria increased this maximum C conversion efficiency up to 6.3%. The associated bacterial community was considered beneficial to the total biomass production by recycling the carbon lost during photosynthesis and assimilating organic by-products from anaerobic digestion. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|Fouilland, E., and B. Mostajir. "Complementary support for the new ecological concept of 'bacterial independence on contemporary phytoplankton production' in oceanic waters." FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 78.2 (2011): 206–209.
|Pecqueur, D., et al. "Dynamics of microbial planktonic food web components during a river flash flood in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon." Hydrobiologia. 673.1 (2011): 13–27.
|Trottet, A., et al. "Use of inhibitors for coastal bacteria and phytoplankton : application to nitrogen uptake measurement." Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science. 93.2 (2011): 151–159.
|Vidussi, F., et al. "Effects of experimental warming and increased ultraviolet B radiation on the Mediterranean plankton food web." Limnology and Oceanography. 56.1 (2011): 206–218.
|Fouilland, E., and B. Mostajir. "Revisited phytoplanktonic carbon dependency of heterotrophic bacteria in freshwaters, transitional, coastal and oceanic waters." FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 73.3 (2010): 419–429.


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Songs are a major part of most Indian films. Casanova malayalam movie has a good songs that are somewhat different from the usual ones seen in the malayalam industry. May be since this film is shot in Vienna, the songs have been crafted to keep an European touch.Full Story »
Casanova Malayalam Movie Songs Download
Casanova Calendar 2011
Happy New Year folks. As a gift, we present the Casanova Calendar 2011 - a calendar full of Mohan lal and his heroines from Casanova the Malayalam Movie. Down load and print here.Full Story »
Casanova Mohanlal Wallpapers
Here are some high quality Casanova Mohanlal Wallpapers. In these we have mixed and matched Shreya Saran, Lakshmi Rai and Sanjana with Mohanlal so that none of their fans are disappointed. Take a look and download these wallpapers.Full Story »

subset: commoncrawl


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The PRC, in collaboration with Abt Associates, developed the PREA Online Audit System (OAS). This website provides an online interface for Department of Justice-certified PREA auditors and confinement facilities staff in the United States to complete audits on compliance with the Department of Justice's National PREA standards. Watch the short video below for an introduction to the system.
Auditors should note that the video also is part of a required course that is accessible on the Auditor Continuing Education and Resource Portal.


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Spam Filtering
I've decided that Akismet, which is the spam filter that comes with WordPress, is a pile of steaming manure. Does anyone else have a WordPress based spam filter that they could recommend that isn't annoying? Apparently Akismet is treating both Joe Huffman's comments, and my pingbacks as spam. I have no idea how it makes these determinations, because it's a giant black box. There's no way to tell it that it's mistaken and have it remember. There's no white list feature that I can tell. So screw it. I think I'm open to trying something else if anyone has a suggestion.
UPDATE: Looks like they have resolved the problem. I'll stick with Akismet for now. The help is appreciated.
6 Responses to "Spam Filtering"
Try one of the challenge and response plug-ins. That's what I use now (with MovableType) and it works great. No spam gets through unless a human being types it in manually (very rare) and I get no false positives.
I'm using Akismet and I'm not having trouble with it, though it does need a whitelist.
I checked out some of WordPress's Plugins, and this seemed okay:
I'm not sure if spambots will be able to see the backup captcha, though.
Sorry about that, I took a look at the problem and it looks like Akismet has already learned from its mistakes that you reported. It should be fine now.
Yep, that's the beauty of the system. And if course you if you ever have any problems again you can contact our support on the website 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.


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Click on images to view (if available) a larger image. Use your browser's Back button to return to site.
|OSMOND – Edward / Samuel
|Regiment (s)
|Royal Marines Plymouth Division
47th Company
|Regiment Number (s)
|Date/Age/Place/Trade or
Profession at Attestation
|6th March 1827 / approx 20 years / Taunton Somerset England
|Description – Height
|Not yet known
|Overseas Service/Duration
|Length of Service
|approx 21 years
|Rank/Date/Place of Discharge
|Private / 14th April 1848 / Not yet known
|Campaign Medals
|Not yet known
|Intended Residence at
|Not yet known
|Pension Districts
|1848 Plymouth
1858 3rd Plymouth
1858-1874 Western Australia
|Pension Paid
|£15.4.0 per annum
|Date of Departure and Place
England or Ireland
|26th August 1858 Plymouth England
|Ship and Date of Arrival
Western Australia
|EDWIN FOX 20th November 1858
|Date/Place of Birth
|c1807 Hemyock Devon England
|Date/Place of Baptism
|29th March 1807 Hemyock Devon England
Date/Place of Birth
bap 6th April 1766 Hemyoak England
bur 2nd October 1831 Hemyoak England
Date/Place of Birth
|PEARCE Sarah
Not yet known
19th May 1802 Bradninch Devon England
|Eliza bap 3rd June 1810 Hemyock Devon England
|1st Wife
Date of Birth or Baptism
|TOOGOOD Maria or Mary
Not yet known
|Date/Place of Marriage
|3rd January 1831 Hemyock Devon England
|Children by 1st Wife
|Samuel B c1846 Not yet known
D 2nd July 1923 Claremont Western Australia
bur Anglican Section Karrakatta Cemetery Western Australia
|Father of 1st wife
Date/Place of Birth
|Not yet known
|Mother of 1st wife
Date/Place of Birth
|Not yet known
|Land Grants Western
|Butlers Swamp Lot 233
9½ acres
Freshwater Bay Lot 241
½ acre
|Occupation after
|Not yet known
|Newspaper Articles
|Not yet known
|Departure from Western
|Not Applicable
|Date/Place of Death/Burial
|6th April 1874 Western Australia
Not yet known
|Date/Place of Death/Burial
|7th December 1891 Peppermint Grove Western Australia
East Perth Cemeteries Western Australia
|Will or Probate
|None known
|Further Information
|Death of this man recorded by Birth Death and Marriages as OSBORNE.In some cases this man is listed as Samuel, however, believe this is confused with son.


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Top 5 Lean Bulking Tips
The holy grail when building maximum amounts of muscle is to make 100% 'clean gains' without any fat. But you know the reality – this isn't easy unless you have genetics like Anthony Joshua.
We need excess calories to grow and this tends to mean adding an acceptable amount of body fat along the way. Fortunately, by using an intelligent approach to bulking, we can flip the switch on lean growth, while keeping fat gain to an absolute minimum – here's how.....
Make your gains cleaner by starting out lean – ideally well under 10% body fat.
The benefits?
*The leaner you are, the better your insulin sensitivity and testosterone levels are likely to be; both these factors will help you turn excess calories into muscle in response to training.
*Even if you gain 5-10lbs of fat you'll still be in decent shape and hold ab definition; what's more you'll always be just a few weeks away from awesome condition.
If you're not very lean right now, spend 3-4 weeks shredding fat – then start your bulk.
If you're eating a surplus of calories and not making concurrent progress on your lifts – you've just mastered the recipe for creating the marshmallow man. This may sound obvious, but it's a common mistake for trainers to keep pushing their calories higher in search of faster gains; make sure you're gaining strength/ reps in every session if you want to turn food into muscle! Take stack of X-PLODE HARDCORE™, BCAA INTRA HARDCORE™ to ensure your training's in-line with your mass gain goals.
Hitting 20-30 minutes of cardio after your weights sessions will help to oxidise the fatty acids released into the bloodstream during heavy lifting. In addition, cardio will further sensitise muscle to insulin – meaning the carbs and protein in your PWO shake and meal will be absorbed directly into muscle tissue for rapid recovery and lean growth.
- 30 minutes incline walking
- Or 3 x 10: 10 mins rowing, 10 x cross-trainer, 10 x bike
- Or 1 mile run 'flat out'
Using a scientific calorie cycling plan is an effective way of building muscle while minimising fat gain. If you play around and find what works best with your genetics – you might even add muscle while losing body fat. The basic premise is to eat a calorie surplus with high carbs on training days, rotated with maintenance/smaller surplus on rest days, with a lower carb and higher fat intake; this rotation also helps to optimise hormonal synthesis, since both carbs and fat promote T production.
Use this calorie calculator for a detailed breakdown of your 'lean bulk' training/off-day calorie needs.
Alongside carb cycling, consuming 70-80% of your carbohydrates WITIN 2 HOURS AFTER WEIGHT TRAINING will maximise intra-muscle uptake and support optimal anabolic response and recovery. For mass gains, take a PWO serving of OMNI MX® HARDCORE followed by a high carb, protein-rich, low fat meal with, (e.g. lean chilli con carne, basmati rice with peas or tortilla wraps, low fat protein milkshake) around 90 minutes later. Keeping fat intake low during your carb spikes will help to stimulate the leanest gains.
We think our athlete Arran Arogundade has it spot on when it comes to lean bulk, why don't you drop him a follow:
Athlete profile: here
Facebook: here
Instagram: here
Twitter: here
Pictures courtesy of Arran Arogundade


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Aquilo Sports is a Swiss-American sports science company specializing in the development of post training recovery solutions combining passive compression and cryotherapy. The cryo-compression suit, developed by one of the leading cardiothoracic surgeons in the US, creates the ideal conditions for a full and fast recovery after an intensive training or competition.
AQUILO's technology has successfully been used by the Movistar Team since 2015, allowing its riders to start their regeneration process right after a race, with a package that can be easily carried through the always-busy infrastructure of a WorldTour squad.


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Giving Small Producers A Big Chance
What is The food academy Programme?
At SuperValu we are the biggest supporter of local producers in Ireland because we believe in local.
Now we have taken this a step further by joining forces with Bord Bia and the Local Enterprise Office Network to create the Food Academy Programme.
Ayle Foods
Peter Randall
Bursting with flavour this award winning Beetroot Chutney is made by hand on our farm. It's low in salt & fat & high in protein. Enjoy in salads, sandwiches or warmed with chicken or pork.
Ballyhogan Bakery
Jo Adams
Enjoy the home-made taste of our fresh and delicious cakes, made by hand using real butter and no artificial additives or preservatives
Emerald Oils
Michael Corbett
Along with his young family, Michael Corbett of Emerald Oils produces 100% Irish, natural, cold pressed rapeseed oil. Direct from "soil to oil", this healthy, pure cooking oil carries a fine & unique flavour.
Feighery's Farm
Anne Marie Feighery
I have a new Irish Beetroot juice on the market. It is a very natural but surprisingly sweet energising HEALTHY drink.
Inch House
Mairin Byrne
Taste traditional Ireland with Inch House traditional blood pudding. Made by hand with a time honoured tradition and with skills handed down 4 generations. Nora's 96 year old mother, Mary, oversaw its development from concept to shelf and now Mairin follows on with its promotion nationwide.
Irish Hedgerow
Julian Armitage
Irish Hedgerow Sparkling Elderflower Refreshers are produced by Julian & Helen from locally handpicked flowers, leaves and berries for your enjoyment.
Jenny's Kitchen
Jenny Moloney
Jenny's Kitchen is a dedicated gluten free bakery based in Roscrea, Co. Tipperary. They are committed to producing a range of hand crafted free from products using quality fresh ingredients.
Larkin's Hill Farm
Una Wycherley
Lisduff Fine Foods
Robert Tormey & Seamus Hegarty
Award winning, dry-cured, hand cut & locally produced pork products carefully crafted with over 40 years experience in the butchering industry.
LongWays Cider Co.
James O Donoghue
You'd have to go a LongWays to find a better cider.
Mags Home Baking
Mags Bergin
Mags hand makes her traditional stone baked breads she uses quality, fresh, locally sourced ingredients, no wonder they are award winning!
Shannon Forrest
Slievenamon View Organic Farm
Konrad Szeterlak
Slievenamon View Organic Farm is a family run certified organic farm.
The Meat Crafter
Mcalvin Makalichi
The Meat Crafter is based in Cashel, Co Tipperary and was set up by Mcalvin Makalichi with aim to produce a ready to eat handcrafted healthy dried beef snacks made from 100% Irish Beef.
Three Men in a Trailer
Eamonn Crowe
The concept behind Three Men in a Trailer Limited began when three guys passionate about food, particularly food from Tipperary, purchased a mobile food kitchen in 2013.
Tom Skinny Pizzas
Denis Kiely
Kiely brings us this delicious pizza range from Tipperary, perfect food for your busy lifestyle.


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To make holiday shopping easier for you this season, we've made a list of simple stocking stuffers for the skater in your life.
We love the feeling of fresh bearings. They're fast, smooth, and should to be replaced once a year.
Bone Bearing Tune Up Kit:
This tune up kit has bearing cleaner, bearing lube, grip tape cleaner, bearing tool, and a skate tool to elongate our gear's life span. It's reusable, easy to use, and comes with everything we need.
These risers are designed to brighten paths and make us more viable to drives. They're made with LED lights and are 100% waterproof.
Skate Tool:
These all-in-one skate tools have everything we need to tune up and tighten hardware.
We love stickers to customize our decks and rep our favorite brands.
Bushings get blown out as they get old and used. Cover all the bases with a Khiro Standard Bushing Kit.
Toe Stops:
When we go fast, we need a toe stop to keep our feet secure. A RipTide Toe Stop fits any deck, comes with hardware, and is a no brainer to assemble.
Deck Display:
The Sk8ology Deck Display is a great way to get our boards off the floor and show the graphic. It helps keep our rooms stay a bit more tidy too.
Need more ideas? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com, call us at 541-306-6829, or chat via IM with us!


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Santa can't visit until you're fast asleep. So snuggle down and read what happens when things don't quite go to plan on Christmas Eve in Plymouth.
Aside from Plymouth, specific places mentioned in the story are Drake's Island, Hartley, Stonehouse, Eggbuckland, Plympton, Plymstock, Crownhill, Southway, Estover, Devonport Park, Keyham, Prince Rock and Staddiscombe. Plus beautiful illustrations of local landmarks, the Plymouth skyline, Mayflower Steps, the aquarium, Theatre Royal, Merchant's House, Drake's statue, the Royal Citadel, and of course, Smeaton's Tower.
See children's faces light up as the adventure unfolds in the parks, streets and buildings that surround them as we bring their Plymouth to life! A festive read that is sure to bring Christmas cheer.
Out of stock


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Create an Account - Increase your productivity, customize your experience, and engage in information you care about.
April 10, 2019, 11:00 AM - May 5, 2019, 5:00 PM @ CalvART Gallery
CalvART is a cooperative gallery located in Prince Frederick, MD, and affiliated with the Arts Council of Calvert County. calvART is a showcase for artists from Southern Maryland and highlights work from a wide range of styles and media. Our artists excel in paintings, pottery, jewerly, sculpture, woodturning and photography.
calvART highlights artwork by the Southern Maryland community and partners with community groups and organizations for its shows.
You are always welcome to browse, and spend a part of the day looking at our artwork and meeting the artists. Consider joining us at our monthly receptions and special events.
April 27, 2019 - September 22, 2019 @ Annmarie Sculpture Garden & Arts Center
Date: Apr 26 2019 - Sep 22 2019
Gallery: Kay Daugherty Gallery
Join us as we explore the wide realm of folk art, outsider art, and visionary art - and other artistic expressions that are often situated outside the world of mainstream fine arts. This exhibit will highlight the unconventional, the authentic, and the self-taught artists. What materials and perspectives are artists exploring? How are artists blurring the lines between fine and folk, maintstream and outsider? What cultural traditions, personal histories, or social commentaries inspire their work? What identities and issues are finding a voice? How does this work challenge our ideas and address the human condition? These and other ideas and expressions will find a home in this exciting new exhibit.
April 28, 2019, 12:00 PM - 1:00 PM @ Running Hare Vineyard
Let's kick off the 5th season of A Class & A Glass!
Enjoy a 60 minute yoga class with yoga instructor Beth Cory-Leonini on the Portico of our Tuscan Events Building followed by a glass of wine or a pint of beer down the hill at our outdoor tasting room.
Pack a picnic and stick around after yoga and enjoy live music from 1-5 pm.
What to bring: yoga mat, towel, water, and your photo ID. Valid ID is required for ALL alcohol purchases.
Rain or shine, we will be practicing!
$20 per person
April 28, 2019, 1:00 PM - 4:00 PM @ Ruddy Duck Brewery & Grill
Join us for an Outdoor Patio Party on select Sundays for live music, local guest bartenders, great food and Ruddy Duck craft beer!
Our outdoor patio is dog-friendly and shaded. If it is raining the party will be held indoors!
April 14th-
Live Music with Josh Airhart
Guest Bartender, TBD
April 28th-
Live Music with Matt Garrett
Guest Bartender, Jackie Gheen
April 28, 2019, 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM @ American Chestnut Land Trust
Bring the whole family for an ACLT "Guided Family Hike" starting from our North Side Trailhead. We will be hiking to ACLT's newest and most popular feature – The Raft!
The Raft connects our north and south trail systems. It's a railed platform which uses a pulley system to allow the rider to pull themselves across a narrow section of the creek. Guests will be guided to the raft to have the fun of pulling themselves across and back, then the group will continue around Parkers Creek Loop to Double Oak Rd Trail.
Call to register: 410-414-3400. Office hours are 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Monday through Friday.
April 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM @ Flag Ponds Nature Park
This is a self led event.
Spend the an hour or a day outside exploring with your family in this fun bio blitz-style event called the "City Nature Challenge." It's easy – look for and find wildlife and plants, take a picture, and share it to iNaturalist (this can happen back at home also).
City Nature Challenge 2019
Calvert County is part of the City Nature Challenge of the Washington DC region. Cities around the world will be competing to see who can make the most observations of nature, find the most species, and engage the most people in the 2019 City Nature Challenge.
During the weekend of April 26-29, 2019 individuals and groups will be on the hunt for animals, plants, mushrooms, and other life forms. These observations will be documented on iNaturalist and counted towards our region's tally.
View all calendars is the default. Choose Select a Calendar to view a specific calendar.


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Call or Email
Kim Morrill (Owner)
Phone: 503.984.8652
Email: email@example.com
Address: 2552 NW Vaughn St. Suite E.
Portland, Oregon 97210.
Come Visit
We would love to have you come in for a complimentary consultation so that we can learn more about your wedding plans and share how our wedding planning and coordination services can help. Our office is located in NW Pdx and is right off the 405 Bridge. The address is 2552 NW Vaughn st. Suite E. PDX 97210
While we do not have a dedicated parking lot there is usually street parking right out in front or along the side streets. See you soon!


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Man looking for bride in Nepal lock-up!
The hunt for a young wife has landed an Indian in a Nepalese police lock-up with the authorities suspecting him of trying to sell the girls.india Updated: Feb 11, 2007, 11:12 IST
The hunt for a young wife has landed an Indian in a Nepalese police lock-up with the authorities suspecting him of trying to sell the girls.
Mohammad Taswa, who comes from the Indian village of Danuwari Khatauna across the border, has been arrested for trying to take two young girls to India, Nepal's official media said.
Taswa, who had been living in Udaypur district in southeastern Nepal making quilts, tried to lure Rana Shah, 11, and Manju Shaha, 15, to cross over to India.
Relatives of the girls who were searching for them stopped him and handed him over to the police.
Taswa told the authorities he was taking the girls to India because he wanted to marry them.
The Indian has been detained at the Jaljale police station and will be charged with trafficking, police officials told the Rising Nepal daily.
Every year, thousands of women, girls and young boys are trafficked to India, which shares an open border with Nepal.
Most traffickers run a well organised network with the connivance of government and security officials on both sides of the border. Many of the victims are lured with the promise of marriage or well-paid jobs.


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Shtetl Life
Shtetl Life
The Yiddish word shtetl referred to any small East European town inhabited largely by Jews. They were all different according to time, location and population. Ivenets, situated between Vilna and Minsk had access to culture, politics, literature and commerce. Its residents had newspapers, a library, theater, and were affected by religious changes.
Shtetl life as described in These We Remember brings to life a place, time and tradition. The marketplace, places of worship, council proceedings, bath house rituals, school customs, help preserve the memory of a way of life that was obliterated during the Holocaust.
All the text and photos included in These We Remember were painstakingly reproduced from the original Yizkor memorial book. It is a miracle that these images exist at all—transported by survivors, compiled, and included in this memorial book printed in 1973. How did the survivors save them? Where did they put them while they were escaping and building new lives in new lands?


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In case you are at all like me, you probably seem like you've tried everything with regards to removing a taxing pimple. – how to get rid of pimple scars
But in this short article I'm going to provide you with 5 different ways for how to eliminate a pimple fast.
Method 1
Pour a little bit of arm and hammer sodium bicarbonate in to a bowl. Mix some water from it in anticipation of having a paste. Rub this paste in your pimple and let it take a couple of minutes. Once you accomplish that, go ahead and clean all of your face with all the paste.
This might be my favorite way of ways to get eliminate a pimple fast. Baking Soda gently exfoliates the skin and clears away old skin debris helping to loosen blackheads (which become pimples)!
Method 2
Use a small bit of plain toothpaste in your nasty pimple. This will dry the zit up as well as reducing the redness and swelling and may even work overnight.
Method 3
Acne breakouts are brought on by excess oil and bacteria on your face. You may use Witch Hazel as a possible astringent to get rid of that excess oil after you wash that person. Make sure to moisturize though. Excess dryness can get to pimples to make acne worse.
Method 4
Remember putting glue to deal with after which peeling it well when you were a child?
It is possible to remove blackheads and exfoliate your skin layer the same as that, with Elmer's Glue. It's water soluble so it's safe to utilize to skin. Put it on over the face, avoiding eyes, nostrils, and mouth. Then let it dry and peel them back.
Method 5
To bring a pimple with a whitehead quickly in order that it will heal faster, require a tea bag and dip it in the cup of tepid to warm water. Don't squeeze out. Next rub the tea bag on the pimple gently.
They for the way to eliminate a pimple fast are good for quick pimple relief, but they are only intended for mild occasional acne.
They work well though, and should supply since they're natural and therefore are much better than putting harsh chemicals in your face.
Were you aware that over 17 million people today struggle with serious acne?
Seem like you've tried everything and still having difficulty with pimples? – how to get rid of pimple scars


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X17 is on the scene at the down-town court house, awaiting for Britney's big arrival to the custody hearing. That picture above has to be posed. He's either directing traffic or warming up his kung fu.
Police are "there to facilitate Britney's arrival" and that she "typically comes in the grand entrance and we're preparing for that."
Currently at 9:22 AM Pacific time, Britney is still at her home in the Summit. Hopefully she gets her **** in gear and heads to the courthouse. Kevin is already there according to TMZ.
Good luck Brit!


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|Organizational Change Management Lead (Remote)
|Algonquin Power & Utilities Corp
|United States
|Zip/Postal Code:
Our vision is to be the utility company most admired by customers, communities and investors for our people, passion and performance.
The Organizational Change Management, Lead is responsible for driving transformational change efforts with a focus on the people side of change for critical enterprise wide projects that include changes to business processes, systems and technology.
This role will work closely with teams across the company to help build understanding of what is changing and develop strategies and tools to navigate through the change.
- Facilitate discussion with the business and project team to identify changes and understand the level of impact
- Develop strategies to manage the change impacts through the duration of the projects.
- Complete stakeholder analysis and create recommendations to drive the engagement of stakeholders.
- Collaborate with the resources in the business to understand change and develop action plans to mitigate the changes
- Develop and implement sustainment plans
- Facilitate change agent networks
- In partnership with the training lead develop training strategy for projects
- Create training material utilizing technology to deliver where possible
- Create and execute communication plans by identifying communication requirements and audiences
- Create communication content to provide concise and relevant messages to non-technical audiences.
Education & Experience
- Bachelor's degree as a minimum, MBA would be an advantage
- Minimum of 5 years of work experience in change management and/or organizational design field including areas such as change management, communications, training and leadership engagement.
- Experience leading change activities in a large ERP project ideally SAP HANA 4
- Demonstrates credibility leading, supporting or managing large scale change efforts
- Excellent communication, team facilitation and presentation skills for an executive level audience with the confidence and ability to concisely and clearly communicate in a compelling manner.
- Experience in working with people and building relationships is key.
- Excellent communicator and effective leadership style with strong interpersonal and team-building skills.
- Problem solving and root cause identification skills. Strong analytic and decision making abilities.
- Professional Change accreditation is an advantage
Algonquin Power & Utilities Corp is a North American diversified generation, transmission and distribution utility with $10+ billion of total assets. (APUC) delivers continuing growth through an expanding pipeline of renewable energy development projects, organic growth within its regulated distribution and transmission businesses, and the pursuit of accretive acquisitions.
The distribution business group (Liberty Utilities) provides rate regulated water, electricity and natural gas utility services to over 750,000+ customers in the United States. The transmission business group invests in rate regulated electric transmission and natural gas pipeline systems in the United States and Canada.
The generation business group (Liberty Power, formerly known as Algonquin Power) owns a portfolio of regulated and long term contracted North American based wind, solar, hydroelectric and thermal powered generating facilities representing more than 1.5+ GW of installed capacity.
What we offer
Collaborative environment with a genuine flexible working policy
Share purchase/match plan
Defined Contribution savings plan
Free refreshments
Top Talent Program
Volunteer paid days off
Employee Assistance Program
Achievement fund
Free parking, including free electrical charging
We are focused on building a diverse and inclusive workforce. If you are excited about this role, and are not certain you meet the all the qualification requirements, we encourage you to apply to further investigate the opportunity.
We are an equal opportunity employer and value each person's unique background, diversity, experiences, perspectives and talents. Full participation of all employees in a safe, healthy and respectful environment is key to individual and company success. We are committed to fully utilizing the abilities of all of our employees and expect each of our employees to honor this commitment in their daily responsibilities.
As part of our commitment, we work to ensure our application process is accessible to all candidates. If you require special assistance or accommodation during the hiring process, please notify the Talent Acquisition Team.


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There are several pitfalls and misunderstandings that people can fall prey to while estate planning that can negatively affect the outcome of their parting wishes. In this blog, we'll visit a few of them and see how they can adversely affect your estate planning mission.
Do Wills Mean You'll Avoid Probate?
Common Pitfalls Surrounding Estate Planning | Pueblo Estate Planning Lawyers
Wrong! Having "only" a will oftentimes means your estate may have to go through probate. In Colorado, you can bypass probate and spare your family some much despised courtroom drama by using some of the following methods:
- Living Trust – This tool is a lot like a will, but names a person who is to take over as trustee of an asset after your death. When you create a trust you'll have to transfer ownership of your property to yourself first, then after you pass away your trustee or successor must transfer ownership to themselves in order to bypass going through the courts.
- Joint Ownership – If you are living with your spouse or living with a significant other and you jointly own property together, and you set up the title to include "right of survivorship," then your spouse or significant other automatically assumes ownership – no probate necessary and nothing else to do! In Colorado, you'll need "joint tenancy" documentation proof, when or if you plan to sell the property. Colorado is one of a handful of states that allows "joint control" of assets. This can also apply to other assets, such as cars, bank accounts and other valuable assets.
- Transfer-On-Death Registration for Securities – When setting up a brokerage account or other types of stocks or bonds, you can do this registration step to name a beneficiary. This will avoid having to go through probate court to re-assign the assets to the intended beneficiaries.
Not taking the few minutes to put these devices and documentation elements into play, could mean the difference between a smooth and pleasant transfer of assets to your inheritors or a cumbersome, court-laden hassle.
Disinheriting a Family Member
Some people think you disinherit family members, spouses or even children by leaving them paltry sums of money, like a dollar or two in your will. That's just an old saying. If you want to disinherit someone, you need to expressly mention in your will that you disavow that person and leave them nothing. Your lawyer will craft that language.
Community Property
Many people think that just because they got married that their spouse is now entitled to half of everything you own. Not true! Anything you owned coming into the marriage or gifts received during the marriage are yours alone.
If I Have a Trust, No Will Necessary, Right?
Wrong! All a trust means is that you'll avoid having to go through probate and perhaps avoid the estate tax on a particular asset left to a beneficiary. You'll still want a will to name beneficiaries of other assets. Trusts, however, allow you the ability to afford beneficiaries protection, such as creditors or divorce protection. Trusts are a bit more complicated than wills and it's recommended you work with knowledgeable Pueblo estate planning lawyers to set up titles and other paperwork required.
Contact the Pueblo Estate Planning Lawyers at Gradisar, Trechter, Ripperger & Roth
Do you have property and assets you'd like to set up into trusts or begin to make beneficiaries of your estate? If so, let the Pueblo Estate Planning Lawyers at Gradisar, Trechter, Ripperger & Roth do the legal leg work for you. Since 1972, our Pueblo Estate Planning Lawyers have been dedicated to helping our clients navigate the complexities of planning their estates, making irrevocable trusts and wills.
You can reach us to set up an estate planning session or to discuss wills or trusts by calling 719-415-3391 or by emailing us using the contact form on this page.
We have our headquarters located Pueblo, but we'll service clients throughout the state of Colorado.


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cocktail sofa and partition 鸡尾酒沙发组合以及隔断
a new cocktail sofa serial together with a lovely partition 这是一款新型的沙发配上自带隔断
共享办公室设计Co-work space concept
一个北欧办公室的概念设计 a concept design for a Scandinavia co-working office
booth design for architecture material 建筑材料展位设计
this booth design is for a high end interior and architecture design fair
a concept design for a start up media company 某自媒体公司办公室概念提案
this concept is for a start up media company….
Outotec Beijing office design 芬兰公司Outotec北京办公室设计
Outotec is a company for sustainable use of the earth's natural resources
Zencool hangzhou office 金属板品牌Zencool杭州办公室设计
office design for a renovate metal brand-zencool
a concept proposal for a public toilet in a rural tea town茶都公厕提案
a fun ,clean , sustainable , water saving . cost effective, duplicable solution for a public toilet in a rural tea town
Booth design for Zencool material 展会展览设计
it is a booth, it is also a meeting room for discussing creative solutions
a boutique shop concept design 上海精品买手店设计
shop concept design for a boutique space for a.c's buyer's collection


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2014 Oxford and Cambridge Club Beijing Charity Christmas Ball
2014年12月13日 星期六 18:30 至 23:30 Kempinski Hotel, 50 Liangmaqiao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing
价格: 免费 - ¥8,000
浏览: 8,343
The Oxford and Cambridge Club of Beijing warmly welcomes you to the Annual Christmas Charity Ball, the highlight of our social calendar with over 200 Oxbridge alumni and guests every year.
Join us for an evening to meet friends old and new, celebrate the year that has passed and toast a prosperous 2015. Enjoy a cocktail reception, Christmas themed dinner, charity auction and raffle, and dance the night away.
This year we are proud to be supporting Magic Hospital, who are dedicated to improving the emotional wellbeing of hospitalised children in Beijing.
Table for 10 – reduced prices if you book a table for ten, at least one of whom must be an Oxford or Cambridge University alumnus or student.
Early bird tickets, at reduced prices for alumni, guests and tables for ten, will be available until 16th November.
There is a maximum of four tickets per applicant, other than for a table of ten.
Guests must be invited by a member, and cannot apply in their own right. ALL tickets must be approved before payment is made.
All graduates or students of Oxford or Cambridge Universities resident in China are de facto members of the OCCB, and there is no 'membership' as such; in other words, if you are a graduate of Oxford or Cambridge, you should apply for a member's ticket. Please provide College and matriculation year as requested.
Please make your bookings by the following deadlines:
Early bird 23rd Nov 23.30
Regular - 5th Dec 23.30
PLEASE NOTE THAT REGULAR TICKET SALES WILL CLOSE ON FRIDAY, 5th DECEMBER; last-minute tickets at a higher price are for sale until Wednesday 10th December.
OCCB operates a strict no refunds policy.
For details of sponsorship opportunities still available, please contact Ajay Ahluwalia at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Casillas takes swipe at Mourinho after United lose to Liverpool
The goalkeeper wasted no time in seemingly taking aim a jibe at the former Real Madrid boss after his difficult day at Anfield on Sunday
Iker Casillas appeared to aim a broadside at Jose Mourinho following Manchester United's 3-1 Premier League defeat to Liverpool.
Mourinho's men endured a chastening trip to Anfield on Sunday, with Sadio Mane and a Xherdan Shaqiri double giving the league leaders a deserved victory.
United sit sixth in the table, 19 points behind Liverpool and with a goal difference of zero, having picked up their worst points total after their first 17 games since 1990-91.
Casillas wasted little time in seemingly taking aim at Mourinho, who had disparagingly described the former Real Madrid goalkeeper as someone near the end of his career in a recent interview with Portuguese newspaper Record.
"According to a Portuguese newspaper, someone said that a player like me [37 years old] is at the end of their career. I completely agree!" Casillas wrote on Twitter.
"My question, for this newspaper, is: in the case of coaches, when and at what moment do you see they are no longer leading or training a team?"
Casillas and Mourinho endured a difficult relationship during the turbulent final few months of the coach's time in charge of Madrid in 2013.
Spain great Casillas told Jorge Valdano in an interview for Vamos that given the chance to repeat that time at the Santiago Bernabeu he would have "taken the bull by the horns and faced Mourinho".
That prompted Mourinho to state that the Porto keeper's comments were "typical of someone who is at the end of his career".


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Do you know the importance of Happy hours at your bar? Happy hours or cocktail hours play a significant role between the bars and restaurants to enhance their sales rate. Even though this technique is specific for bars, nowadays the entire small and medium-sized restaurants also utilize this wonderful opportunity to promote their business growth.
Generally, the main objective of the eateries is to make their consumers happy and satisfy their expectations at an affordable cost. They decided to introduce the happy for people to enjoy the different types of alcoholic beverages at a discounted price. Let see some of the important reasons for establishing the happy hour's techniques
Promote Your Profit Rate
In recent days, most of the bars are engaged with youngsters and businesspeople. In such a case, the youngsters are looking for their favorite drinks and beverages at a discounted price. To gain more attention from the customers, the bars and restaurants have planned to introduce the happy hours or cocktail hour's technique. If the drinks are available in a lower price range, then it will help the owners to obtain the number of potential customers.
Provides New Promotional Products
Happy hours are appraised at the right times to sell the new promotional products to the customers. However, the customers are also attracted to taste the new arrivals at an affordable cost. In recent days, Miami's Best $5 Happy Hour is the most famous and familiar among the customers. During happy hours, the customers get to know about the products and its quality effectively. As a result, the bars can receive a wide range of new customers regularly.
How to Attract More Customers?
The happy hour's technique has been widely used by most of the bars and restaurants. In order to stand out from the crowd, you should provide some extra offers and discounts in your shop. Even though there are wide varieties of competitors, these offers will help you to attract more customers.
Most of the business people like to have delicious food and drinks after 7 pm, so wisely utilize those times for the business. This is a better way to reach a wide audience to obtain new customers.
Enhance Customers Faithfulness
One of the challenging tasks is obtaining the new arrival of customers. With the help of the happy hour's method, you should try to enhance the business range by supplying quality products at a lower price. As well as, you should take some innovative steps to make a long-lasting relationship with your customers.
Construct Your Brand awareness Via Happy Hours
The offers and discounts during cocktail hours or happy hours are the best time to promote your brand name strong in the minds of the customers. Even though there are numerous brands are available in the market, your product should create a special place in the customers' thought process.
Make use of this information, if you want to know about the importance of Miami's best $5 happy hour. Thus, these are all effective tips to enhance your business growth.


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Beach Scenes Personal Checks feature four rotating images of palm trees on the beach, ocean water crashing onto rocks, a beautiful sunset on a coastline, and two chairs sitting on a sandy white beach.
Plus, you'll find that these checks are consistently offered at an affordable, low price - regardless if you are reordering or placing an order for the first time. Most designs also come with matching address labels!
EZShield Check Fraud Protection
Guard your personal checks from unauthorized use of up to $25,000 for only .
Personal Check Box
10 Masks


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JNN 30 Sept 2015 DAMASCUS — The Russian warplanes started Wednesday its airstrikes against the rebels positions in the countryside of the Syrian provinces of Hama and Homs in central Syria and Latakia on the coast, a security source told Xinhua. Continue reading
Monthly Archives: September 2015
Yemeni Forces Kill 13 Saudi troops, Shoots down Chopper
JNN 27 Sept 2015 Sanaa : Yemeni forces have killed 13 Saudi soldiers and shot down a Saudi Apache helicopter in the kingdom's southwest. Continue reading
Once Again Over 800 Muslim Pilgrims Killed During The HaJ Pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia
JNN 25 Sept 2015 MINA, Saudi Arabia— Once again More than 700 People were Killed and above 800 were Injured in the Worst stampede during the Rami Religious Ritual of the Hajj , Which is the 2nd Tragic Incident which took lives of Hundred of Pilgrims , during this Years Haj Pilgrimage Continue reading
Saudi Diplomat Accused of Raping Nepali Women withdrawn from India
JNN 18 Sept 2015 NEW DELHI: Saudi Arabia has withdrawn the diplomat accused of repeatedly raping and torturing two Nepali maids working at his home near New Delhi, ending an awkward diplomatic incident for India. Continue reading
Saudi Led Air strike kills Their 14 Loyalist Pro-Govt Militants by ' Mistake ' in Yemen
JNN 18 Sept 2015 MARIB: At least 14 Pro – President Abedrabbo Mansour Hadi , government troops were killed when a Saudi-led coalition air raid targeted their position "by mistake", tribal and military sources said Friday. Continue reading
Indian Muslims Furious Over Extremist Hindu Govt's Decision to Ban Eid Holiday
JNN 18 Sept 2015 : As world Muslims prepare to celebrate `Eid Al-Adha this year, Indian Muslim students and teachers might be forced to stay in school after authorities in north Indian state of Rajasthan asked schools and colleges not to declare the day as public holiday. Continue reading
5 Seminaries Raided , Terrorists Held by LEAs in Sindh , Pakistan
JNN 18 Sept 2015 DADU: Three clerics and as many suspected militants were arrested in raids on five seminaries by a joint team of police and Rangers personnel in Dadu and Khairpur Nathan Shah towns on Wednesday. Continue reading
Christian Pastor along with his 480 followers Reverts to Islam in Rwanda , Africa
JNN 03 Aug 2015 Kigali : In one of the largest reversion cases of Christians to Islam, a Rwandan pastor and his entire 480-member congregation have reverted to Islam, as the world fastest growing religion expands its presence in the African continent. Continue reading
Russia Stands firm on its Decision to Keep supporting the Syrian Govt Defense
JNN 12 Sept 2015 Moscow : Russia will continue to send military equipment to Syria to help it with the fight against the Islamic State (IS) terrorist group, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said Friday. Continue reading
Saudis Bans Slaughter of Camels for Hajj Pilgrimage
JNN 15 Sept 2015 Riyadh: Saudi Arabia on Friday banned the slaughter of camels during this year's hajj pilgrimage, after a surge in deaths from the MERS virus linked to the animals.z
Continue reading
IS Terrorists Using Chemical Weapons in Iraq & Syria
JNN 12 Sept 2015 Damascus : A research group within Islamic State is alleged to have developed and used warfare poisonous agents in the areas under their control. Russia's Foreign Ministry says ISIS now has the scientific documentation necessary to produce chemical weapons. Continue reading
Pakistani Court Issues Arrest Warrant for Ex-President Musharraf
JNN 12 Sept 2015 Islamabad : An anti-terrorism court in Pakistani capital Islamabad on Friday issued an arrest warrant for former president Pervez Musharraf for ordering house arrest of judges of different courts of the country in 2007, local media reported. Continue reading
110 Muslims Killed By a Crane Crash in the Holy Kabba , During the Peak Hours of Holy Pilgrimage of Hajj
JNN 12 Sept 2015 Riyadh : At least 110 people died and 184 more were injured when a crane collapsed at the Grand Mosque of Mecca ahead of the annual Hajj pilgrimage, the Saudi Interior Ministry said on Friday. Continue reading
240 Shia School Children in Custody of Bahraini forces
JNN 08 Aug 2015 Manama : Bahraini security forces have arrested 10 children under 18 over the past two weeks and they are now in custody instead of their classrooms, the Bahrain Center for Human Rights (BCHR) was quoted by the Arabic-language Al-Ahed news website as saying on Monday. Continue reading
Wahabi Terrorist Organisation Al-Shabab Captures another Town in Somalia
JNN 08 Aug 2015 Mogadishu : Takfiri al-Shabab Terrorists have overrun another town in central Somalia following the departure of the forces of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) from the area.
Continue reading
After Heavy Bashing from Govt Troops & Hezbollah , Milltants start to Surrender in Zabadani Region of Syria
JNN 08 Aug 2015 Damascus : Four Takfiri terrorists surrendered to the government troops in Zabadani region after dozens of their comrades were killed during the clashes in the Damascus countryside. Continue reading
Shaolin Monk Runs Across River Banks Atop of Water , Breaks his own Record
JNN 05 Aug 2015 Shanghai : A Chinese Shaolin monk has broken records by managing to run on water for a full 125 metres. Continue reading
13 Shia Hazara Killed By Wahabi Terrorists in North Afghanistan
JNN 07 Aug 2015 MAZAR-I-SHARIF: Wahabi Terrorists on Saturday shot dead 13 Shia Hazaras after dragging them out of their vehicles in northern Afghanistan . Continue reading
Hundreds of IS Terrorists Killed by Iraqi Army , Airforce & Shia Militias across Iraq
JNN 07 Aug 2015 Baghdad : Iraqi warplanes targeted ISIL positions in many areas across the country, leaving nearly 70 terrorists dead. Continue reading
Rare Copies of Quran Auction fetched Thousands of Dollars
JNN 03 Aug 2015 London : A Rare Copy of the Quran that had been expected to raise £1,500 at auction sold for nearly a quarter of a million pounds. Continue reading
103 Saudi Coalition troops Killed in Al Safer , Yemeni Forces gives 72 Hrs Ultimatum for Clearance
JNN 05 Aug 2015 Sanaa : A top Yemeni tribal source said the bodies of 103 foreign troopers have been recovered from a military airport in the Central Yemeni province of Ma'rib, where they came under a rocket attack by Yemeni army forces and allied Popular Committees. Continue reading
Action against Irani Female Drivers taking Undue Advantage Due to Tolerance
JNN 04 Aug 2015 Tehran : Women drivers in Iran's capital could have their cars impounded by police if they are caught driving with a poorly fixed veil or without their heads covered, a police chief said Wednesday.
Continue reading
Rohingya Muslim under Threat By Extremist Budhist at the Mercy of the Seas to Save Lives : UN Report
JNN 08 Aug 2015 Burma : The UN has issued a warning over an expected surge of mostly Muslim Rohingya and Bangladeshi refugees heading out for southeast Asia by the end of the month. Continue reading
2 Sisters Sentenced to Rape & Humiliation By Indian Local Council
JNN 31 Aug 2015 Delhi : Over 60,000 people signed an Amnesty International UK's petition demanding the government intervene in the case of two Indian sisters sentenced to rape and humiliation for their brother's deed by a local council dominated by a higher caste. Continue reading


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Algiers Travel Guide
Algiers © Habib Kaki
Located less than three hours' flight from London, Algiers has all the ingredients needed for an ideal holiday destination: a sunny climate, beautiful beaches, UNESCO-certified attractions, and friendly inhabitants. Algiers was a popular vacation spot in the Victorian era, however, security concerns prevent most tourists from visiting the coastal city, and most travellers to Algiers these days are there on business.
Intrepid explorers who find themselves in Algiers, however, should start with a visit to the Casbah, which is the oldest part of the city and is designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Casbah is home to some beautiful mosques, including the El Kebir Mosque, which is the oldest in Algiers.
Another stunning sight is the Notre Dame d'Afrique; the small basilica is a beautiful example of Romanesque architecture and offers great views of the city from the tower. Algiers also has some excellent museums, including the National Museum of Fine Arts, the Military Museum, the Museum of Antiquities, and the Museum of Traditional and Popular Arts.
One of the best ways to enjoy Algiers, however, is to soak up the sunshine. Visitors can do this at the Aquafortland waterpark, or at the seaside resorts like Sidi Fredj, Palm Beach, Douaouda, or the Club of the Pines.
Getting around Algiers is best accomplished in a car or taxi, as public transport is lacking in many areas. Walking is not recommended after dark.
Become our Algiers Travel Expert
We are looking for contributors for our Algiers travel guide. If you are a local, a regular traveller to Algiers or a travel professional with time to contribute and answer occasional forum questions, please contact us.


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Advanced Aesthetics
Kevin Johnson, MD, FACS
608 Northwest Boulevard #301
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Phone: (208) 676-8346
Monday–Friday 8 a.m.–6 p.m.
Advanced Aesthetics
Kevin Johnson, MD, FACS
522 West Riverside Avenue #202
Spokane, WA 99201
Phone: (509) 209-2171
Monday 9 a.m.–1 p.m.
Tuesday–Friday 8 a.m.–5 p.m.
Summer is the time of year for enjoying the warm weather, from swimming to savoring the outdoors and showing off beautiful, smooth skin. Here are a few simple tips to keep your skin looking healthy and glowing this summer: Exfoliate. By removing the top layer of dead skin cells, you can improve the appearance of …Read More


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Aggies' offensive line takes a hit, but owns depth to withstand blow
COLLEGE STATION – Texas A&M has played a load of offensive linemen over the past few seasons. That liberal approach with playing time for plenty will come in handy on Saturday at South Carolina.
Starting right guard Keaton Sutherland will miss the contest against the Gamecocks with an ankle injury, A&M coach Jimbo Fisher said during Wednesday's weekly SEC teleconference.
Fisher has plenty of options based on experience along the line, but it appears his first move will be to shift backup center Ryan McCollum, who's played multiple positions along the offensive front, to right guard in Sutherland's slot, just as Fisher did late in the Aggies' 20-14 overtime victory against Kentucky last Saturday.
Also, backup guards Connor Lanfear and Colton Prater, who've both started games at A&M (as McCollum has), are available to help fill the gaps. Offensive line has been perhaps A&M's most consistent position through half the regular season, considering Erik McCoy has started every game at center, Dan Moore has started every game at left tackle and Carson Green has started every game at right tackle.
Sutherland and Jared Hocker have been the only two starting guards, with Sutherland starting the first four games at left guard before playing the last two at right guard, and vice versa for Hocker. Some of A&M's razor-thin positions can't afford even a slight nick – linebacker, for instance – but offensive line isn't one of them.
Sutherland and the Aggies also will get a break after the road game at South Carolina. They're off on the following Saturday, Oct. 20, before continuing a string of three straight away games at Mississippi State on Oct. 27.


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Kiosk for Camp Vits
The Kiosk for Camp Vits is being constructed now and should be up in the next week or 2. The 1st thing that the visitors of Camp Vits will see is the Kiosk. We want this Kiosk to be a symbol of our club and our trail. So this kiosk is going to be grade A.
Brandon and Leatherface are not messing around when it comes to the design and building of this.
OK....maybe a lil messing around.


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Taylor Orci is a writer-comedian living in Los Angeles. Orci has contributed to the likes of NPR, New York Magazine, The Atlantic, and Slate.com. She's performed in the CBS Diversity Showcase, Sketchfest Seattle, the LA Comedy Festival and the Women in Comedy Festival. @TaylorOrci
Taylor Orci
Author Contributions
Microsoft technology is empowering sustainable farming solutions and sprouting the future of food at Growing Underground.


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Eric Leckey & Chris Donovan talk family, life & pop culture, all while playing games & being stupid!
Join #TheBoyAiden each week as he discusses his favorite video games, old and new! You can also watch it on his #Youtube channel!
Join sports betting connoisseur Jason Hall (Stix) & Chris Donovan as they give their take on the sports world. Each week they will talk all sports, gambling, fantasy and more!
Join renowned Psychic Medium Bill Philipps, as he takes you on a journey beyond the physical realm. Bill's amazing gift of communicating with the deceased is unparalleled, as he brings through messages, validations and specific details from spirits of those who have crossed over, proving that the soul lives on after death.
There's A LOT on the mind of a woman who's always buzzing through the week's headlines and buzz worthy
stories... This time she, with the help of Garrison King, let it all out! Get Buzzed weekly with Evelyn Erives!
Join Chris Donovan as he reviews some of the best and worst things in the country! He will be covering
restaurants, movies, TV and more!
Join Chris Donovan each week as he counts down the tope 10 songs in the #AltRock world, just not in the correct order!
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