text:
For more than 30 years, the medical profession has debated the existence of an intolerance to the wheat protein, gluten, unrelated to allergy or celiac disease. What is the evidence pro and con?
Is Gluten Sensitivity Real?
Doctor's Note
More than 10,000 articles have been published on gluten in medical journals—intimidating even for me! Combined with the multi-billion dollar financial interests on both sides, it makes for a difficult task. But I think I did it! This is the first of a 3-part video series summarizing the best available science on gluten. The others are: Gluten-Free Diets: Separating the Wheat from the Chat and How to Diagnose Gluten Intolerance.
Why this apparent increase in food sensitivities in recent decades? It could be because of pollutant exposure (see Alkylphenol Endocrine Disruptors and Allergies and Dietary Sources of Alkylphenol Endocrine Disruptors).
What can we do about preventing so-called atopic diseases (like allergies, asthma, and eczema)? See my videos Preventing Allergies in Adulthood and Childhood. The weirdest example of an emerging food sensitivity may be the tick-bite related meat allergy story I review in Alpha Gal and the Lone Star Tick and Tick Bites, Meat Allergies, and Chronic Urticaria.
If you haven't yet, you can subscribe to my videos for free by clicking here.
89 responses to "Is Gluten Sensitivity Real?"
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I think there is a typo in the Doc's Note:
Stay tuned for Gluten-Free Diets: Separating the Wheat from the Chat and
Is it not "separating the wheat from the chaff"?
I think he used "Chat" in the video's title just for pun.
possible… i thought something similar…
Pun it is!
I take this chance to thank you Dr Michael Greger for all your incredible work, informations and this wonderful site that is one of my favourite in the world of Human Nutrition !!
I think that one day thanks to sites like this, the importance of Preventive Medicine through Nutrition will be an important part of Med school and related field.
Best regards,
Mauro, Italy
well spun…
I doubt it, it was most likely an error. This shows peer commented blogs really are held to a high standard.
Yes, that's the original saying. It's a play on words: implying that the "wheat" is what's true and what's not wheat/true is just "chat" (chaff) or chatter/gossip. And as the chaff should be tossed aside, so should the mere chatter.
IBS and Celiac disease can also be cause by Lectins which are contained in wheat, oats and grains. http://drjockers.com/2013/09/why-you-should-avoid-lectins-in-your-diet/
Sometimes it is the amount given that provokes reactions. Environmental medicine physicians know this concept very well. One capsule of say oat flour or oat bran is not going to cause me to blow up and get diarrhea. But a small bowl of oatmeal WILL do so! Wheat is the same. And sometimes it is because these gluten containing grains are considered high FODMAP foods. FODMAP is an acronym, deriving from "Fermentable, Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides And Polyols." I follow a low fodmap diet to keep my bloating symptoms under control.
I no longer believe in blind and double blind studies for the most part anymore. They have to take out too many variables by necessity and thus can never tell the full picture of anything. Sometimes they can be useful but they are severely limited. Even for drug testing they are limited as there is always the curve that did not benefit from the drug and the curve that got bad reactions. A statistical average means nothing if one's individual biochemistry cannot properly metabolize a drug. Same with food
Hi Linda, I was going to make a few observations but noted that your point about the problem with blind and double blind studies seemed to be a good take off point.
I developed psoriatic arthritis about 6 years ago and when my rheumatologist suggested methotrexate I decided to investigate dietary factors to avoid that. Turns out gluten can be a factor in about 15% of cases and since I have a sibling with celiac disease I decided to eliminate gluten instead of doing an elimination diet. 10 days later the arthritis disappeared.
Case settled right? Well no, I was also vitamin D deficient and had also begun rectifying that with supplements. So maybe there is confusion here. But anytime I inadvertently consumed even the smallest amount of gluten I would wake up with intense arthritic pain in my distal joints.
Well I kept studying and two years ago came across this site. It did not take long for me to realize that there are a lot of pro inflammatory factors in animal products so I went with WFPBD. Within a relatively short time the remaining swelling in my toes disappeared and I became much less gluten sensitive. That is, I could have my vegan wrap in a whole wheat tortilla with no ill effect. Well at least not for the first one. This week I have had a wrap every day, (they are really good) and this morning the swelling has returned with great intensity.
So my conclusion is that I am much less gluten sensitive but probably need to limit the gluten. (Maybe I'll cut those wraps down to 2 a week.)
Now to your point about double blind studies. Six years ago, I could have participated in one and been part of the proof that gluten was THE problem. Six years latter, the picture is much murkier. Turns out there are a multiplicity of factors and gluten seems to be one. So I'm looking forward to the next two chapters on this.
That sounds like what happens to me. I tried wheat pasta and bread once after going vegan without noticing much, maybe a little swelling and pain in my ankles for a day or two, but not much, and I'm used to that happening for unknown reasons. Then a couple weeks later I ate a lot of wheat three days in a row and could barely walk for 3-4 days after I stopped eating wheat. Then a couple days ago I got some vegan green chili sauce on rice and beans at Whole Foods, the swelling and pain came back, along with a really bad mood. It lasted 2 days. I'm guessing the sauce had wheat added to thicken it. Seems like a dose dependent response to me.
Yeah, I've gotten in trouble trusting things from Whole foods that were done in their deli. A few years ago I saw some gumbo, read the label and had it for lunch. That night while in pain I remembered blindly following the ingredient list. It was perhaps my own fault as I do know that wheat is in gumbo but I was on auto pilot. Another time I was reading ingredients in another of their deli dishes and came across the precise ingredient, "sauce". At that point I brought out the manager.
"Sauce"??? Wow, can't believe that was allowed! LOL. And I have had the similar auto-pilot experience you mention when looking for vegan food.
Been going over so much info on this website and learning a BUNCH! So, what happened with that "sauce" ingredient? did they tell you what the heck it meant or ?… haha
Hey J. She was as mystified as I. And she's promised corrective action. Alas I did not see much conviction in her response so we'll see. I did tell her how dangerous that was (actually I ranted a bit) so she might have been feeling that.
Interesting stories from all you guys. Thanks for sharing. Now, Stewart, I have held the theory that some of these sensitivities can be corrected if they did not exist at one point in a person's life. Since you noticed the corrective potential of a WFPBD, what do you think about trying raw? I recently did raw before 4pm and noticed some great benefits and I'm not suffering from anything specific except occasional bloating. Thoughts?
Oh come on joebosauce. Anyone posting here is likely to be opinionated to some degree and I'm no exception.
The bio availability of phytonutrients might be enhance or destroyed by cooking. And, as is the case with mushrooms,certain toxic aspects can be reduced or eliminated without compromising the useful phytonutrients by cooking. I have heard (though not confirmed) that there is a problem with raw cabbage. But cooking cabbage can destroy myrosinase that is necessary in forming sulfurophane which is really beneficial.
The bottom line is, I'm not convinced that raw as a rule is a good idea. So, I try to go raw when that seems best and cook when that seems best. It depends on the food. Indeed I suspect your mild gastric distress could easily be countered by cooking some of those veggies. Unfortunately we don't always know which ones.
Good luck on finding out. I'll sure be interested.
I too am eating a raw till four diet. Really it's just choosing one meal to eat hot but I notice crazy bloating after my hot meal. Painful sometimes :( idk what it is because its never the same meal although I don't like cold beans so perhaps that's the culprit. I too have a siblings that have celiac disease so I avoid moat gluten laden foods not only because I don't want to endure any side effects but most wheat products aren't vegan anyway! There are so many benefits from going raw, plant based diets have been preventing diseases and cancers for years so its convinced me.
Just a random thought since I notice digestive issues with gluten free and gluten products with or without eggs or dairy…its not the gluten but something else. There are so many different ingredients how can anyone know for sure…it could be increased fiber causing the bloat as well.
Have you heard of the theory that it is actually not gluten that supposedly causes certain symptoms but adenosintriphosphate-amylase (ATI) that is enriched in modern grains through century-long cultivation?
In this study, they say people are fructan (carb) sensitive instead of gluten sensitive:
Yikes, that was pretty complicated (though well done). I wonder if this suggests that we should look for environmental triggers of broader automimmune conditions like leaky gut syndrome (I think that's an autoimmune condition though I'm not a health care professional…) which could lead to wider classes of food intolerance. E.g. I think there's been speculation that one type of pesticide that works by giving leaky gut syndrome to pests, might have a similar effect on humans.
Genetically modified foods and glyphosate, the primary pesticide in Round Up, harm healthy gut bacteria, increase leaky gut and food allergies. http://responsibletechnology.org/glutenintroduction
Let's take wheat and treat it like an herb or drug. What if it has upper limits? What if it has contra-indications? It might have both benefits and non-benefits. Of coarse there might be a type of pollutant. Seems to be a lot of variables. But we eat so much of it it's worth it. I deprived myself of a lot of food with the "eat right for your blood type" diet. Don't want to do that again.
Almost ten years ago I read some information that made me decide to start grinding my own wheat and making my own bread for health reasons. At the time gluten was not even an issue. It was about the lack of nutrients and health benefits eating store bought bread/flour vs. the over abundance of nutrients and the benefits of using fresh ground wheat. It wasn't until recently that I came across an article from a blog I subscribe to that the whole gluten sensitivity and fresh ground wheat "came together" for me.
From a health perspective, it makes so much sense. Whole foods, not highly processed, is what will give us better health and store bought bread or flour is HIGHLY processed!
As a person with high gluten sensitivity but non-celiac, I can say there is a flaw in the study (as presented above). I know I can swing low doses of wheat products where gluten is not added as an additional ingredient. But, when consuming low doses of high gluten, or any added gluten product, my stomach swells like a balloon and gas is a huge issue. It took me years to figure out the issue and I discovered the major difference by removing gluten and being careful that should I desire delicious (note below) bread that it has to be 'no added gluten bread' to be remotely tolerated. And small doses.
Aside from that: good bread is airy, light, and cooked— not this dauby, dense, damp junk called bread today. I miss the good baguettes…
I bake bread and in my experience, the light airy-ness of bread is usually a direct result of its gluten content – the more gluten in the flour, the softer,more fluffy loaf you will have. I now grind my own organic grains and my bread is dense peasant bread (which I have absolutely grown to love as it is so rich in flavour and texture). Also, if you've eaten gluten free bread it is rarely light and fluffy. Just a note.
Ataxia? I though the real dilemma with gluten sensitivity according to its leading researchers was that you might have no gut symptoms but get damage (irreversible) to your brain (also nerve system, and it's associated with leaky gut), therefore by that theory, a little is never ok.
I have AI and stay well on a healthy diet etc, but my Dr keeps me gluten free even though I feel fine when I eat wheat bread or other gluten grains. It would make my life much easier, happier and cheaper if I could eat some gluten. Even gluten free, I get IBS (d) which I think is caused by caffeine eg even in cacao and/or hot drinks. Does anyone have any thoughts or suggestions on any of this?
And I should add, my blood rests & genetic tests don't show celiac.
Absolutely gluten can silently harm any organ over time, even in those without celiac disease. I would definitely follow your doctor's advice and stay gluten free, especially since you have AI.
BUT.. the same Dr also gave me other recommendations which go against Dr Gregrs reported general medical science and specific recommendations for my condition. Ironically for my gut health, the part 2 to this series says stopping gluten can harm gut health. I feel fine when I eat gluten. But those Drs filled me with anxiety over the issue, besides expensive testing (none of which showed gluten to be a problem for me).
Ive read the leading science into " silent " gluten sensitivity but I don't think there's yet any reliable science behind it? Unless you have unexplained internal issues, why go gluten free on a medical suspicion? Ive also had other wacky medical theories put my way which turned out false
If your blood tests and genetic tests don't show gluten sensitivity, and you don't notice symptoms from gluten, it sounds to me like eating some gluten may be fine for you. I have known people who have IBS (d) who see a reaction to cacao and caffeinated beverages so those may be culprits for you. I haven't seen the research that is the basis for people being so opposed to gluten. I would ask the drs who have filled you with anxiety over gluten to cite the studies showing it's harmful.
After going vegan 3 months ago, it has become clear that I react to wheat gluten. Previously, I could not tell if it was the dairy/eggs or the gluten. Now, I'm sure it's wheat. However, my reactions are not primarily GI problems. Within a day or so of eating wheat gluten, my ankles and hands swell and are painful, my muscles cramp and ache, and my mood gets really really bad. The symptoms last for 1-4 days depending on how much wheat I ate. Does anyone have any information about these types of symptoms?
Wheat can give you all kinds of symptoms, and they don't have to be GI problems. Also gluten can silently damage organs over decades, leading to serious problems later on. "Wheat Belly" is an excellent book about the variety of ways wheat can harm our skin, heart, nervous system, mood, blood sugar, etc.
Hi Julie, I'm an RD and I've reviewed the book, "Wheat Belly", and several articles Dr. Davis has written. While Dr. Davis makes some interesting points, some of his remarks can be misleading. In fact, there is a vast amount of research supporting the health benefits of whole grains, including healthy digestion, reduced risk of heart disease (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20820954), diabetes (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17760498), and several cancers (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9589426), and prevention of weight gain. If you are interested in learning about another perspective on wheat from the one presented by Dr. Davis, here is a link to an article that discusses "Wheat Belly", point by point: http://www.aaccnet.org/publications/plexus/cfw/pastissues/2012/OpenDocuments/CFW-57-4-0177.pdf
I have had a non celiac gluten sensitivity that causes inflammatory arthritis in the extremities. It's actually one of the constituent proteins in gluten that causes the problem rather than gluten per se. Therefore barley and rye can cause the same symptoms. Eliminating all animal products in my diet greatly reduced the gluten sensitivity so that a little occasionally has no effect now. I'm suspicious of blanket condemnations of foods that have been shown to be so valuable in human nutrition. I keep thinking of peanuts. They are great nutrition unless they cause you anaphylactic shock.
Me, too, Brian Murphy. I dropped wheat from my diet for several weeks after I learned it can contribute to triggering migraines. Then I had a half a slice of bread and the next morning I'd gained 2 and a half pounds of water-weight, which is notable for me, since I'm short, and my joints were sore and achy for 2 or 3 days. Ugh.
This list from the "Transcript" should have had an ", MA, and others." at the end, or an "including PTSD" at the beginning.
It missed many, including Lyme Disease, Fibromyalgia, CFIDS, and ALS.
Quote: "The medical profession has a history of dismissing diseases as all in
people's heads—PTSD, ulcerative colitis, migraines, ulcers, asthma,
Parkinson's and MS."
Have any of you found relief from gluten sensitivity by taking gluten peptide digesting enzymes with your meal?
As always, I am quitie impressed by Dr. Greger's efforts. I have some thoughts here as it pertains to gut permeability:
Fasano and collegues reported that only 57% of those identified as gluten-sensitive carried the DQ2 or DQ8 genes, the genes that are tested when determining gluten metabolism disorders. This finding indicates that those two genes are less involved in gluten sensitivity than they are in celiac disease. On the blood tests, just under half (48%) of those diagnosed as gluten-sensitive had positive antigliadin (AGA-IgA) or AGA-IgG antibodies.
What is interesting is that more than half of the gluten-sensitive group carried the celiac DISEASE genes, while the rest did not, indicating that the genes aren't necessary to produce the antibodies.
A. Fasano, et al, Divergence of gut permability and mucosal immune gene expression in two gluten-associated conditions: celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. BMC Med. 2011 Mar; 9(23).
Is there any news on studies of "amylopectin-a" and blood-sugar spikes? Some on the internet are saying that this polysaccaride increases blood sugar levels faster than straight sugar and therefore is a reason by itself to avoid wheat.
So what about gluten causing inflammation in the body? Do you perhaps have any information on that, since I have been hearing about it here and there.
What I found even more intriguing about this video was the reference to PTSD and its physiological basis. Does anyone have any good references on this?
If you look at the groundbreaking work of Dr. Alessio Fasano you might want to revisit this in a whole new light. Here is one citing:
Nutrients 2013 Oct.; 5 (10): 3839-3853 A. Fassano et al Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: The new frontier of gluten related disorders.
Thanks for sharing! Here is one my dietitian colleague stumbled upon this week: Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity among Patients Perceiving Gluten-Related Symptoms. Those who claim to have sensitivities to gluten can consume gliadin in oats and experience no inflammation.
I have actual symptoms if I eat wheat. First noticed after overdosing on wheat with a pizza meal I had an ecocardiogram the next day . My ventricualr muscles were slamming together I feel my heart beating to the point I can't sleep and my breast scars, from where I had cancers removed nearly 4 years ago, sting a lot and my finger joints where there is osteoarthritis become inflamed and painful. I ate small serves of bread in Argentina while on holiday no symptoms, but, back here in Australia symptoms are immediate I blame it on the bread and what has been done to it. I have other allergies. Pineapple gives me severe migraine, Headaches from alcohol, caffiene and ginger. Doctors are sceptical about the wheat flour issue so I just don't eat it and I am fine. This one is not psychological. I haven't been tested It is sufficient for me to eliminate wheat flour etcand get on with my life.
This is interesting.
I have taken medication for my asthma every day for sixty two years, yes you read that number right! I tried going gluten free in the mistaken belief that it would help me lose weight. I didn't lose weight but what I did lose was my steroid drug medication. Now, thanks to you and the folks at FOK I am on a WFPBD , I feel fantastic, have tons of energy, and no more steroids. I just wish more MDs would test for gluten intolerance on people with respiratory issues. Thank you for your great work, I hope your book is a best seller.
What about the type of wheat flour used? or how the wheat got processed or grown?
or what we eat it in combination with it "normally". do we break down wheat gluten or dairy proteins first? Would the body react different? just some thoughts.
Dr Gregor,
Please contact Stephanie Seneff. You might be interested be in her she is a biologist and researcher at MIT. You might want to talk to her about gluten sensitivity.
I know someone who has been diagnosed with Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. They mentioned the cutting out gluten helped them a bit. Does Dr. Gregor have any information on MCS?
I recently attended the Holistic Holiday at Sea cruise and saw many lectures, including several by Dr Greger. My wife and I have purchased about 7-8 copies of "How Not to Die" for friends and relatives. I am asymptomatic, as far as bowel symptoms, but wanted to test for gluten and food sensitivities, just for informational purposes, fulling expecting the results to be negative. However, my fecal anti gliadin IgA ( 101 ), my fecal anti-oat IgA, and fecal anti tissue transglutaminase IgA were all elevated, and I was advised, by Enterolab, to "follow a permanent gluten free diet" and "avoid all oats". I'm not sure what to do. We could probably all fall into the category of having some possible symptoms of gluten sensitivity ( bowel symptoms, headaches, sinus congestion, depression, arthritis, chronic skin problems/rashes, fibromyalgia, fatigue, etc. Would love to hear Dr Greger's opinion. If necessary, I can do gluten free, but dont want to if not necessary, or potentially harmful. I'm vegan now. SS
Great info here! Thank you Dr. Greger for making your research and findings available to so many and making a difference.
Also….have you thought about looking into Carrageenan? There seems to be quite a bit of controversy over this pervasive additive thickener.
Also used for inflammation research in animal models.
"Scientific research shows that that consumption of food grade carrageenan may lead to harmful effects on human health including inflammation, lesions and (resultant) cancer in the colon."
"2002-2012: Industry sponsored scientists question whether the inflammatory nature of carrageenan is rodent specific and whether the resuts of animal studies can be extrapolated to humans.
Scientists conduct experiments using human colonic epithelal cells and find that carrageenan, even low levels of food grade carrageenan induce inflammation in human colon cells."
kb: NutritionFacts does have one video (I thought there was 2, but only one is coming up) and a few posts which mention carrageenan.
On the subject of wheat – or for that matter – all grains, what does Dr. Greger thinkg about Dr. Davis' Wheat Belly book? Do grains cause belly fat due to blood sugar spikes? I searched this site to avoid wasting anyone's time but couldn't find any reference. Thanks very much.
Kim Furzer: Dr. Greger wrote a whole book about the topic called Carbophobia. Even though I think Carbophobia came first, it is in essence a response to Wheat Belly. Also on point is the information about the benefits of whole grains found on this site. Here is the topic page: http://nutritionfacts.org/topics/grains/
If you go to the topic page, you get the links to the individual videos. But here is the text without the links. Note the point about whole grains being linked to slimmer waist.
"A healthy plant-based diet consisting of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, beans, nuts and seeds may help cut chronic disease risk. Nutrition research suggests that, unless you have been diagnosed with celiac disease, you should eat whole grains, including gluten grains, since overall, whole grains are linked to lower chronic disease risk. Unfortunately the standard American diet includes a high proportion of refined grains, which do not provide the equivalent health benefits.
The Framingham Heart Study found that three or more daily servings of whole grains were associated with a slimmer waist. Another study found that the eating of three whole grain portions a day alleviated hypertension as much as medication did. Whole grains may help lower risk for prediabetes, Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, cancer in general, and breast and prostate cancer in particular. Whole grains contain beneficial nutrients including magnesium, zinc, ergothioneine and phytates. By sprouting grains, you can increase the antioxidant content.
The toxic metal cadmium can be found in whole grains and vegetables, but does not appear to be as harmful as cadmium from animal-based foods."
October 2016: New study links protein in wheat to the inflammation of chronic health conditions. Have you seen it? Can this explain further NCGS?
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-10/sh-nsl101016.php The study shows that the consumption of ATIs can lead to the development of inflammation in tissues beyond the gut — further to this, ATIs may contribute to the development of non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Hi Roxisam- Thanks for sharing this article. The causes of NCGS continue to be debated and researched. Amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) are being studied as one of the contributors, but from what I can tell from a quick literature search, there isn't anything conclusive yet. Similar with FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols)–they remain a good candidate, but the jury is still out on who may benefit from restricting them and the mechanism behind their potential negative effects.
Cathleen, can you share what you have found until now, please? I have been trying to identify other food sources of ATIs, or at least something that says this is not really conclusive…. I just CAN'T believe wheat is bad, unless a person has specifit sensitivities to it. But the fact is that a doctor told my daughter to avoid wheat – not gluten, but WHEAT, and she has some (light) auto immune issues.
OBS/OFF TOPIC: I am lost commenting for the first time without disqus… :/
I found some conflict with another video I watched where the dr said there that gluten for everyone is a damage for the brain and the nerve system.
Would love to know what you think about it.
Thank you so much!
A functional medicine doctor just told me that "all" people experience gut irritation from wheat, loosening the junctions of the epithelial lining. I think she was referring to the gut permeability and inflammatory response claims that are circulating regarding wheat. For example:
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2886850/
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4377866/
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705319/
I've been a whole grain eater for years. I don't perceive that seitan or wheat berries or barley pilaf or whole grain bread is causing me any GI problems. I'm very confused by the conflicting research in this area. Can anyone help sort it out?
All of the articles refer to people with some degree of sensitivity so that population will experience some degree of mucosal irritation that can contribute to what we've seen as "leaky gut". One question that has been kicked around lately is why is this so prevalent these days? One explanation has been from the hybridization of the many types of wheat that we grow now in order to maximize crop sizes. Another is the near ubiquitous use of weed killers that stay on the grains and are also irritants for those that do not manifest the celiac disease markers. There are people that are full blown celiacs and have no gastrointestinal symptoms whatsoever so one cannot only go by how one feels if you are in a high risk group for celiac disease. In this case all traces of gluten must be removed from your diet. Otherwise, using symptoms in regard to how you feel, both gastrointestinal, joint pain, headaches and the host of other problems associated with leaky gut get to be the yardstick. If you suffer from none of these then I would probably look elsewhere for my medical advice. In general, making blanket statements that are supposedly true in "all" situations leads to error.
Thank you for sharing your thoughts, Docbeccy.
Your question about some of the features of industrial-scale agriculture (GMO, herbicides, pesticides) possibly playing a role in diet sensitivity is interesting. It's an interesting argument for buying organic wheat and flour.
I feel bad when on wheat – particularly accumulation of wheat – feel ok when I have just 1 wheat bun, but if I continue to eat wheat – I get bowel issues. Unfortunately, I can't eat many gluten free things, because tapioca upsets my bowels too! Maybe the people in the study had an issue with tapioca too?
People with a sensitivity describe your symptoms vs. the more profound symptoms seen with those suffering from symptomatic celiac disease. Another malady that can be confused is a sensitivity to FODMAP type foods which are those of varying length chain oligo, di- and mono saccharides that due to inability to properly digest them in the GI tract end up going thru a type of fermentation and then lead to GI discomfort. The elimination diet to rule out the various FODMAPS can be quite arduous as it removes many, many foods from the list of what someone can eat. Hopefully, though the culprits can be identified and the other foods slowly reintroduced so one can design their diet around what they can eat and not have their frequent gastrointestinal issues. Here is a website for further reference http://www.ibsdiets.org/fodmap-diet/what-are-fodmaps/
Is there any science indicating whether someone with true gluten sensitivity can eat einkorn flour, or kamut?
Very interesting video. Thanks for showing the science in such a non-biased way, as usual.
I had a severe wheat allergy when I was little that I mostly grew out of. I was able to eat wheat without getting sick like I used to, but when I ate a lot, especially processed forms like white bread (white bread was the WORST), I would get very bloated and have a very foggy head and even head aches. I currently stay away from gluten because of all I've heard about it, including something about how some people's immune systems (those with autoimmune disease) attack gluten and because gluten looks similar to the thyroid, it can attack the thyroid (would love to know if there's any good science on this), as well as gluten supposedly getting into the bloodstream and causing inflammation. I DID have a slight thyroid issue before going WFPB but I believe it was due to severe malnourishment and other factors. Anyway, when I was little my mom would bake everything for me from scratch and she used spelt flour which does contain gluten but I did really good on it. I also noticed that when first going vegan and eating a lot of the AMAZING foods like gardein and field roast and the like, most of which has gluten in it as a binder, I seemed to do fine but noticed the bad reaction again when I ate white bread (vegan of course). However I haven't had any gluten since going WFPB and I'm afraid to try any due to all the things I've heard about it. I admit that all that stuff is in my head, I definitely would be afraid of it getting into my bloodstream and causing inflammation (when I ate a lot of bread and such before, I looked very puffy, but it may have simply been due to wheat sensitivities and other unhealthy factors to those foods) and I'd be especially afraid of it causing my body to attack my thyroid since I've worked at healing my thyroid naturally and I may have a slight autoimmune thing in that I was born with a couple of low antibodies and I should know more about it but I don't pay much attention to it because I haven't gotten a head ache or sick or anything since going WFPB vegan… I sometimes mourn the fact that I'll likely never have a "sick day" enabling me to justify eating soup and laying in bed–sure I'll still eat soup and even lay in bed, but it won't be the same.
Thank you for the unbiased info Dr. Greger. Just a couple of quick things here, I found a more recent study on NCGS that I thought I would share: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5083263/
In addition, I have not seen or know of any studies conducted on those that seem to have IBS with NCGS that included introducing organic wheat. All studies only refer to wheat or gluten in general. I did find some other information that indicates that GMO wheat and the disiccation process with glyphosate (spraying with Roundup prior to harvest) could be the causation of NCGS and perhaps IBS here: http://www.thehealthyhomeeconomist.com/real-reason-for-toxic-wheat-its-not-gluten/
I would be curious of your thoughts
Dr. Greger,
Just read an abstract about NCWS, and it concluded that gluten sensitivity is real. It states that the gluten (or specifically one protein in gluten) causes an immune response that weakens the cell barriers/junctions in the intestines, causing leaky gut and other symptoms.
"Intestinal cell damage and systemic immune activation in individuals reporting sensitivity to wheat in the absence of coeliac disease"
Thank you!
What is known about LEAP/MRT Test for food and chemical sensitivities?
LEAP stands for Lifestyle, Eating, And Performance.
Mediator Release Test (MRT)
Hello. I have been trying to find some evidence-based research regarding food intolerances in general. Specifically, research regarding IgG test for food intolerances. Is there good research behind these tests? Poor? Or, still controversial as I have been finding in my limited finds. Thank you for the help!
I stumbled upon amylase trypsin inhibitors as a potential activator of non celiac gluten sensitivity while looking for trypsin inhibitors in nuts adm seeds. Still haven't found anything in Google about nuts and seeds. Considering people eat them raw I would have thought there'd be something saying yes or no. Here's the Doi of such a study about the ATI and NCGS. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2017.0018
Thanks so much to Dr. Greger and team for another super useful video. I'm wondering whether you've already covered or plan to cover IgG blood testing for food sensitivities. From what I can tell, it doesn't sound like there's much evidence to support it, but I'd love to hear a take from a trusted source.
I'm very sensitive and have been struggling with some allergies/intolerances for the last 11 years. Very random flare up over the last 3 months. Vomiting for weeks and herendous loose stools and within 20 minutes I can feel the complete opposite with excruciating trapped wind and constipation.
I have tried wheat and gluten free diets with not much improvement and deliberately going back onto these diets to see the difference and believe me I was off work for weeks again and on that loo eating gluten OR wheat.
Gluten sensitivity does exist no doubt about it. It's basically a "glue" to combine ingredients together in the foods. Why? The traditional way to make breads or any kind of cake does not require gluten. Stupid ignorant multi millionaire companies destroying people's bodies. It's unreal what they put in our food today.
I'm the lucky one that's also incredibly sensitive to rich and salty foods!
I could eat plain carrots and I'll be throwing up. Really having a tough time and I've been referred to a specialist now as EVERYTHING seems to be a problem! Our bodies are beginning to reject these artificial ingredients.


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Relations between the Irish government and the Roman Catholic church reached a historic nadir on Monday when the Vatican recalled its ambassador to Dublin, claiming "excessive reactions" in the Republic to the clerical child sex abuse crisis.
The Vatican confirmed that papal nuncio, archbishop Giuseppe Leanza, was returning to Rome for discussions over a damning report published earlier this month that had accused the Catholic hierarchy of undermining the Irish church's own policy of reporting child abuse to the authorities.
His recall followed an unprecedented and blistering attack by the Irish prime minister, Enda Kenny, on the Vatican's role in the alleged cover-up of abuse in the County Cork diocese of Cloyne.
Vatican watchers claim that a recall is diplomatic speak for "showing displeasure" with some act of the host state and indicates a cooling in relations.
Since a historic denunciation of the Vatican in the Irish parliament last week, Kenny has become something of a hero-figure across the Republic. He received a standing ovation at a writers' summer school in County Donegal on Sunday when he said he had been "astounded" over the number of messages of support he had been given.
The Taoiseach's withering criticism of the Vatican is all the more historic given that his party, Fine Gael, has been traditionally the stoutest defender of the church's power and privilege in the Republic.
Kenny is a Catholic whose political base is rooted in Ireland's conservative, rural west.
Seeking to play down the diplomatic row between Dublin and the Vatican City on Monday night, the vice-director of the Vatican press office, Father Ciro Benedettini, said that the recall "should be interpreted as an expression of the desire of the Holy See for serious and effective collaboration with the Irish government".
But he added: "It denotes the seriousness of the situation and the Holy See's desire to face it objectively and determinately. Nor does it exclude some degree of surprise and disappointment at certain excessive reactions."
Breaking with decades of deference to the Catholic hierarchy both at home and in Rome, Kenny told the Dáil last week that "the rape and torture of children were downplayed or 'managed' to uphold instead the primacy of the institution, in power, standing and reputation".
He stuck to his critical stance over the Vatican and the Cloyne report at the event on Sunday.
He said that it reflected the way Irish people felt about the Catholic Church's role in the clerical abuse scandal.
The deputy editor of the Irish Catholic claimed on Monday night that most Catholics in the Republic would back Kenny rather than the Vatican in this controversy.
Michael Kelly said: "I would expect that the diplomats in the Vatican's secretariat of state will have been extremely surprised by the tone of Enda Kenny's speech in the Dáil, but also by the widespread and positive public reaction to the speech."
He added: "Mr Kenny was, I believe, articulating the sense of exasperation that a lot of Irish people, not least Irish Catholics, have felt for too long about the church's disastrous inability to come to terms with this crisis."
Although Ireland's foreign minister and deputy prime minister, Eamon Gilmore, said the recall of the papal nuncio was a matter for the Vatican alone, one of his cabinet colleagues described the move as "appropriate".
Joan Burton, the minister for social protection, said that it was very welcome if there was going to be "deep reflection in the Vatican" into the Cloyne and indeed other reports that found the church hierarchy both in Ireland and in Rome culpable of covering up abuse scandals.
The Vatican has always looked upon Ireland as being one of its most loyal nations that always toed the Holy See's line on moral and social issues.
When Joseph Walshe was appointed Irish ambassador to the Vatican in 1946, the future Pope Paul VI told him that "you are the most Catholic country in the world".
But although abortion on demand remains illegal and most citizens still describe themselves as Catholic, the Republic's population is more secular minded than at any time in Irish history with divorce legal, contraception widely available and church attendance numbers falling.
Kenny's once unthinkable assault on the Vatican's role in Ireland was prompted by the Cloyne report's conclusion that the Vatican stymied Irish church policy of informing the Garda Siochana about sex abuse allegations levelled at its priests.
Yvonne Murphy, the judge who headed the Cloyne investigation, hit out at the Vatican's description of 1996 guidelines for reporting abuse allegations as "merely a study document".
She said that this led to the Bishop of Cloyne, John Magee, feeling he could deviate from measures other bishops had established to protect children.

subset: commoncrawl


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During these uncertain times, how can we help?
See below to participate in our Impact Sector survey, access our COVID-19 Resource Hub, and explore our growing directory of COVID-19-specific and virtual volunteering opportunities.
Hospice Care of California affirms life. We have a strong belief in the intrinsic dignity of each person, leading us to provide hospice care for the whole person--body, mind and spirit. Our mission is to provide quality medical and social services to the terminally ill and their families, focusing on support and caring in a time of need. We desire to walk beside patients and families, as they remain decision-makers about their own lives. We emphasize quality of life, as defined by each individual, when quantity of days has become limited. Important practical steps include symptom management, family education, and clear communication between patient, family, and hospice team. Although few feel totally prepared for death, our goal at Hospice Care of California is to help you prepare for the dying process, so that you can feel empowered and peaceful even during a very difficult time.
For nearly 20 years Hospice Care of California has been serving Southern California families facing serious illnesses, and providing support to those who have lost loved ones. We desire to walk alongside patients as they approach the end of their lives, always maintaining an attitude of hopefulness and focusing on quality of life.
Hospice Care of California maintains high professional standards. We are licensed by the State of California and are a Certified Medicare and Medi-cal provider. We are proud to be accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. (Questions or concerns regarding JCAHO Quality Monitoring can be directed to the JCAHO Consumer Service Center at 630-792-5800 or 800-994-6610.)
Hospice Care of California is an active member of the following professional organizations:
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There's nothing like ripe fresh figs! They're sweet and delicious. Just the other day I picked up a couple of packs of 2 varieties of figs; brown turkey and kadota figs. The brown turkey figs are a dark purple/brown color & the kadota have a light green color on their skins.
Some of the most popular varieties of figs grown in the U.S. are Brown Turkey, Conadria, Kadota, and Black Mission. They've been enjoyed for centuries and it's been said that the fig is one of the first plants cultivated by humans.
Not only are they delicious, they provide many health benefits. They're low in calories, contain soluble dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, & pigment anti-oxidants (www.nutrition-and-you.com). Fresh figs are a good source of vitamin B6, protein, calcium, phosphorus & iron, plus are cholesterol free, sodium-free, & fat-free (www.specialtyproduce.com).
Go get some figs at your nearest market. Make sure to pick ones that are soft and juicy. 🙂


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Steph Troeth & Justin Kropp
Code & Creativity
Tuesday, February 25, 2014 from 7:00 PM to 9:00 PM (EST)
This February, we're incredibly excited to have user experience expert Steph Troeth joining us all the way from London, England. She'll be talking to us about how we can use storytelling to improve our work. She'll be joined on stage by local design phenom Justin Kropp, who will be exploring how the tools of design have changed over the years.
John LeCarre famously said, "'The cat sat on the mat' is not the beginning of a story; 'the cat sat on the dog's mat' is." We need very little introduction to the art of storytelling, but the craft of story is more nuanced and is a skill we can hone. Unless you're already fully-engaged in storytelling in one form or another, it's rare that we get to explore these nuances in practice. Come and have some fun with Steph in this interactive session as she demonstrates little ways we can get better at the craft of story—a universal skill that you can use in everything you do.
Steph Troeth is a user experience strategist who loves maturing ideas and making things real. She has worn many hats, including a product lead for a startup in digital publishing and a studio director at a digital agency. She is also known for her grassroots contributions to best web practices through the Web Standards Project and the W3C. More recently, she works with MailChimp's UX team as an independent consultant.
She is currently writing a book on how to better use storytelling in user experience research and design. She is also a hopeless BBC World Service radio addict, aspiring literary novelist, once-upon-a-musician, occasional silversmith, serendipitous gardener and slow food aficionada. Well-travelled and living on her fourth continent, she speaks several flavours of English, a few languages, and possesses an indecipherable accent.
Steph was recently interviewed by .net Magazine about being a UX strategist and the challenges in conducting design research.
Tools are an essential part of our discipline. They afford us the opportunity to execute our work in the ways that we intended. However, the landscape of what is available to carry out our work has changed rapidly over the last decade—from the applications we use to strategize and design, to the frameworks and methodologies we use to build and deploy. These tools have not only influenced our processes, but also the way we approach our discipline. In this presentation, I'll explore the evolution of the design practice and the tools we use to craft our work.
Justin Kropp is an interactive product designer in Chattanooga, Tennessee. He helps design and build digital products and services for individuals, institutions, and organizations. Justin is currently a design engineer at Automattic, the makers of WordPress. Previously, he lead product design at Readmill, a Berlin-based startup dedicated to crafting the best ebook reader for iOS and Android.
Justin studied graphic design at The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, earning his BFA in 2003. He went on to earn his MFA in Graphic Design at Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) in 2010, where his graduate research explored semiotic theory and its role in our evolving visual culture.
He is inspired by typography, modernism, and solitude.
Code & Creativity is a social talk series created to connect us with each other and our larger community. Every other month, we'll gather at the Camp House for a few hours to listen to one local and one visiting designer/developer as they share their passions, wisdom, and war stories. We'll ask questions, talk shop, and maybe even make some new friends. Of course no gathering would be complete without something yummy in your tummy, so snacks and a tasty beverage (coffee, soft drink, or beer) are on us!
A social talk series created to connect designers & developers with each other and our larger community. Because your mom told you to share.
Join millions of people on Eventbrite.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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Web Design – A great professional design sets you apart from the competition. We create websites that have a modern, professional look and are clear and easy for visitors to navigate and to find what they need. We offer many different design options to ensure that your website's design will be attractive and effective. All of our designs are made to look good on all devices, responsive design is here to stay.
Content Development – This aspect is key to creating a website that will both grab and keep peoples attention. Elements of this type of development include creating and/or editing copy, selecting and editing images, organizing layouts, and doing so in a way that's compelling, informative and coherent .
Email Lists and Newsletters – Having a way for folks to sign up for email lists for your marketing efforts is paramount! Email works a lot better than any other online marketing tool. Big and small businesses have learned this lesson, they understand that the email is the best long term investment and people will continue to get their message at a very low cost for a longer period of time.
Social Media Integration – Social media is an integral part of any marketing campaigns, it is a great way to increase awareness of your product or service. Setting up Facebook pages, Twitter profiles, Google +, Instagram and other social media outlets help let people know that you're out there and have that special something that they need. They can also help to drive substantially more traffic to your website, where all kinds of good things can happen!


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The music portion of SxSW starts today, but the interactive portion finished yesterday. One of the big stories out of interactive this past weekend was how ill-prepared AT&T was for the influx of iPhone-wielding hipsters and geeks descending on Austin.
Tens of thousands of attendees are using their phones far more than usual to stay in touch with everyone else at the conference, meet up with co-workers and do the sort of networking that people who go to this kind of industry event do.
Also, crowds of twittering hipsters are placing additional strain on AT&T as conference-goers use the popular micro-blogging service to communicate what is going on to those outside the festival.
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Read more at Wired.com: SxSW: iPhone Influx Pushes AT&T to the Limit.
BusinessInsider.com: AT&T Fails the SxSW iPhone Test & AT&T Adding Capacity At SxSW to Deal With iPhone Crush
Read more at Wired.com: SxSW: iPhone Influx Pushes AT&T to the Limit.
Disclosure: 3 of the 5 of us in the Kinch van have our iPhones with us and we are twittering and klogging.
Fallout: What geat marketing by AT&T: Get the country's biggest taste makers, trend setters, bloggers, tech-writers, early adopters and twitterers in one place and have them all talking, blogging and tweeting about how they hate your service.


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Srivastava, Ankur
Director, Institute for Systems Research
Former Associate Dean, Graduate Programs
Former Associate Dean, Graduate Programs
Electrical and Computer Engineering
The Institute for Systems Research
The Institute for Systems Research
2173 and 2317 AV Williams Bldg
Personal and IDEA Lab website
Personal and IDEA Lab website
Ankur Srivastava, the seventh director of the Institute for Systems Research, has a joint appointment in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and ISR. Dr. Srivastava received his B.Tech in Electrical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi in 1998 and PhD in Computer Science from UCLA in 2002. He was awarded the prestigious Outstanding Dissertation Award from the CS department of UCLA in 2002. His primary research interests lie in the field of high performance, low power and secure electronic systems and applications such as computer vision, data and storage centers and sensor networks. He has published numerous papers on these topics at prestigious venues. He has been a part of the technical program & organizing committees of several conferences such as ICCAD, DAC, ISPD, ICCD, GLSVLSI, HOST and others. He has served as the associate editor for IEEE Transactions on VLSI, IEEE Transactions on CAD and INTEGRATION: VLSI Journal. His research and teaching contributions have also been recognized through various awards.
Honors and awards
Best Paper Award, ACM International Symposium on Physical Design (ISPD 2007)
High performance, low power and secure electronic systems and applications such as computer vision, data and storage centers and sensor networks
Qu, Singh, Chakraborty, D'Antonio win 2020 ISR awardsThe 2020 ISR Welcome Back Reception and Awards Ceremony was held online due to the pandemic situation.
New security method for integrated circuits developed by Srivastava-Northrop Grumman teamThe new method is featured in a story on the Northrop Grumman website.
Srivastava wins NSF funding for integrated circuit fabrication security"A High Level Synthesis Approach to Logic Obfuscation" will develop a system-level way to hide an IC's functional and structural information
New simulator models 3D DRAM thermal characteristics and timingsDRAMsim3 is a fast, cycle-accurate, validated, thermal-capable DRAM simulator that can simulate and model almost all modern DRAM protocols along with many of their unique features.
Chakraborty, Seneviratne, and Zou Named Outstanding Graduate AssistantsThe award recognizes the outstanding contributions that graduate assistants provide to students, faculty, departments, administrative units, and the university as a whole.
ISR, ECE, CS, UMIACS faculty present 12 talks at Northrop Grumman University Research SymposiumISR faculty's eight presentations are in machine learning, science of test, cybersecurity, and IoT sensing.
Alumnus Domenic Forte earns tenure at University of FloridaThe former student of Ankur Srivastava also recently won a PECASE award.
Khaligh, Rudnick-Cohen win 2019 ISR awardsThe awards were given at ISR's Welcome Back Reception and Awards Ceremony.
Min Wu named Associate Dean for Graduate ProgramsProfessor Wu's appointment will begin August 23, 2019.
Alumnus Domenic Forte is PECASE recipientThe PECASE is the highest honor given to outstanding scientists and engineers beginning their independent careers.
Ankur Srivastava named seventh director of ISRHis appointment will begin July 1, 2019.
Alum Domenic Forte receives $1M ECASE-Army cybersecurity awardForte, on faculty at the University of Florida, will develop electronic system data collection technology for unique "fingerprints."
Yuntao Liu receives Wylie Dissertation FellowshipLiu's research focus is hardware security, especially the security of deep learning hardware.
Students advance in Qualcomm Innovation Fellowship competitionTwo ECE/ISR student teams have made it to the proposal phase.
International Workshop on Cyber Deception and Defense addresses threats and countermeasuresThe workshop was sponsored by the Army Research Office, the Clark School, ECE and ISR.
Ulukus Named ECE Associate Chair for Graduate StudiesSennur Ulukus will serve as the Associate Chair for Graduate Studies from 2018-2021.
Northrop Grumman contributes research funding for third consecutive yearKrishnaprasad, Srivastava, Aloimonos each receive $75K for individual research projects.
Srivastava Named Clark School Inaugural Associate Dean for Graduate AffairsProfessor Srivastava's appointment begins in January of 2018.
Alum Domenic Forte receives NSF CAREER AwardThe award funds research into "Transformative Approaches for Hardware Obfuscation Protection, Attacks, and Assessment."
ECE Names 2016-2017 Distinguished Dissertation FellowsFive Electrical and Computer Engineering Ph.D. students were selected as ECE Distinguished Dissertation Fellows for 2016-17.
Alumnus Forte Receives ARO Young Investigator AwardThe ARO Young Investigator Program recognizes young faculty less than five years out of doctoral studies who show exceptional promise for creative research.
Srivastava is PI; Jacob co-PI for NSF "Unified Framework for 3D CPU Co-Simulation" grantResearch will allow the co-simulation of power, performance and reliability characteristics.
Alumnus Forte Accepts Position at University of FloridaForte will be focused on cybersecurity and computer engineering due, in part, to the UF Preeminence Initiative.
Clark School Faculty Promotions AnnouncedFaculty promoted to full professor, associate professor with tenure.
Ankur Srivastava promoted to full professorSrivastava's research has advanced the frontiers of chip design technology.
Gang Qu promoted to full professorQu is part of new AFOSR MURI on security theory for nano-scale devices.
Srivastava, Dey, Mirsky, King win 2014 ISR AwardsAwards honor outstanding faculty, graduate and undergraduate students, and staff.
Students win ECE Dissertation FellowshipsThis year all five Ph.D. students are related to ISR.
Researchers at UMD, UCONN, and Rice Awarded MURIQu, Srivastava and Alumnus Forte Focus Research on Changing Future Nano-Scale Device Security
Srivastava selected as Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided DesignSrivastava selected for editing role focused on Modeling, Simulation, and Validation.
Srivastava Awarded $925K NSF Grant to Develop Cooling TechnologyAssociate Professor Ankur Srivastava is the PI for a collaborative-research grant with Georgia Tech.
Srivastava Named Interim Associate Chair of Graduate Studies and ResearchHe will serve as the interim associate chair for the 2013-14 academic year.
ECE Ph.D. Student Accepts Assistant Professor PositionForte, to graduate this month, will teach electrical and computer engineering at UConn.
Srivastava & Bar-Cohen Deliver Tutorial at SEMI-THERM29Srivastava & Bar-Cohen teach attendees about microfluidic thermal management.
Shi and Srivastava win 2012 ISVLSI Best Paper AwardBing Shi, an ECE graduate student, recieved accolades for her paper on hybrid and micro-fluidic cooling systems.
Srivastava is PI for NSF hardware security grantThe research will enable improved silicon physically unclonable functions (PUFs), increasing the possibility of their adoption.
Yeung, Srivastava win NSF grant for reuse distance analysisTechnique could help architects evaluate multicore memory performance more efficiently.
Srivastava named ACM Distinguished SpeakerProfessor receives recognition and opportunity to share sought-after ideas with the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
Forte and Srivastava Win AHS 2011 Best Student Paper AwardECE graduate student advised by Ankur Srivastava was honored for his paper on adaptable video compression.
Bing Shi Earns Graduate Student Summer Research FellowshipECE Ph.D. student receives support for summer research.
ECE Grad Students Mitra and Zhang Awarded Wylie FellowshipsVikramjit Mitra and Yufu Zhang were among a select group of UMD students to receive this prestigious fellowship.
Srivastava receives NSF grant for thermal management in data storage centersResearch will reduce the carbon footprint of large data storage centers.
Srivastava, Narayan Receive New NSF Research GrantThermal management research seeks to improve performance and reliability of multi-core processors.
Student research: Yufu ZhangStudent of Ankur Srivastava is using thermal data mining to improve heat distribution on computer chips.
Ankur Srivastava earns tenureISR faculty member has research interests in VLSI design automation.
Srivastava Named Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on VLSI and Integration VLSI JournalSrivastava joins editorial boards of top journals in the VLSI field.
Ankur Srivastava is new ISR joint appointment faculty memberAssistant professor also has appointment with Electrical and Computer Engineering.
ECE Faculty Honored at Inaugural Scholarship & Research CelebrationTwenty-seven ECE faculty members honored, representing 1/8 of researchers recognized university-wide.
Srivastava Receives NSF Grant for Circuit Optimization ResearchResearch to address manufacturing randomness, improve the productivity of semiconductor industry.
Srivastava, Khandelwal Win Award for Computer Engineering ResearchECE assistant professor and graduate student featured in EE Times for paper.
- A High Level Synthesis Approach to Logic Obfuscation
- Northrop Grumman $75K funding
- NSF: A Unified Framework for 3D CPU Co-Simulation
- AFOSR MURI: Security Theory for Nano-Scale Devices
- NSF: Electrical-Thermal Co-Design of Microfluidically-Cooled 3D ICs
- High Performance Electronics using Microfluidics
- Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) Enhancements Via Lithography and Design Partnership
- Developing and Applying Reuse Distance Analysis Techniques for Large-Scale Multicore Processors
- NSF CIF: Information Theoretic Multi-Core Processor Thermal Profile Estimation
- Optimization Algorithms for Large-scale, Thermal-aware Storage Systems
- NSF: Optimization Schemes for Large Scale Digital Circuits in Presence of Fabrication Randomness


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Death Becomes Me
My beautiful tabby cat, Sammy, would great me most mornings with a subtle bite to my cheek. The other mornings it was a swift paw, always claws out, across my nose.
Then one day he was gone.
I searched the entire house calling out his name.
"Sammy, where are you?"
"Come here Sammy, I've got food." Tears streamed down my face.
I searched outside and around the neighborhood.
Using my trusty, half-broken coloring crayons, I made "Lost" posters with a caricature of my cat. My crude drawing was more like Garfield than Sammy. Yet I was proud of myself. I taped my five hand-made posters in my immediate neighborhood.
All too often I had seen other signs in my neighborhood of missing pets. I always wondered if the pets were reunited with their families.
Two days later the phone rang.
My seven-year old voice whispered, "Hello?"
On the other end a sad voice said, "I think I found your cat, Sammy."
I screamed with joy and said, "Where? Can we pick him up?"
"Uh, well about that," said the person on the other end.
"I found your cat on the side of the road. It appears he was hit by a vehicle."
There was a long pause and then I heard, "I'm sorry but your cat is dead."
I don't remember the high-pitched wail that purportedly came out of my seven-year old mouth.
But I do remember is the sound of my father picking up his car keys. Normally that jingle meant he was off to work or we would be going someplace together.
I remember the sound of my father walking down the stairs and the closing of the door to our garage.
I remember the sound of our Chevy Caprice Classic diesel station wagon purring gently for my father, just like Sammy purred for me.
Then he was gone.
Pacing around my dining room, my seven-year old mind didn't have much concept of time. I heard the garage door open and the sound of the diesel engine stop. What seemed like eternity, in reality was about 15 minutes.
Instead of coming inside the house, I heard my father rummaging around the garage. A few moments later, I saw my father walking through the back yard. In one hand, he was carrying a shovel. In the other hand, a garbage bag.
I intently watched him as he dug a hole in the waning moments of sunlight. He then placed the garbage bag in to the freshly dug hole. He then covered up the garbage bag in the freshly dug hole with the freshly moved earth.
Finally he came in to the house. He explained to me that when he greeted the caller, the caller indicated someone saw a truck hit Sammy.
After a few more minutes of crying, suddenly my grief turned to curiosity about what would happen to Sammy once he was buried. I asked, "Would worms eat him? Could he come back to life like a Zombie cat? What about that whole nine lives thing?"
My father just smiled and wiped my nearly dry tears from my cherubic face.
I wish I had seen Sammy before he was buried. Perhaps just to say goodbye, but years later I learned that sometimes we should remember our loved ones for what they were in life, not what they were at the end of life.
With the death of Sammy, as a seven-year old I became fascinated with death. How little did I know at that time, but years later I would spend time working in the death care industry.
I cared for the dead, just like my dad cared Sammy and me.
Like father, like son.
Tales from The Morgue is a series of short stories about my life working in the death care industry. From the death of my cat, to working in funeral service and the largest medical examiners office in Minnesota. All of these stories are real and to me were surreal.
As published on Medium.


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Building on earlier regional development work co-ordinated by the Healthy & Sustainable Settings Unit and funded by the Department of Health and NW Prison Area Office, this project aimed to undertake a broad-based food and nutrition assessment to enhance HMYOI Hindley's contribution to public health and health promotion.
The remit of the research was to assess the characteristics of food provision at HMYOI Hindley and explore how could this be changed to achieve positive public health benefits. Using a literature review and focus groups with juveniles, young offenders and staff, the objectives were:
Mark Dooris
Michelle Baybutt
HMYOI Hindley
Ashton, Leigh and Wigan PCT, £9,150


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KWIK-STIK™ 6 Pack
Catalog No. 0868K
Oligella ureolytica derived from ATCC® 43534™*
In Stock
6 Pack EA
General Information
Culture Method
All Product Formats
General Information
Biosafety Level1
Product FormatKWIK-STIK™ 6 Pack
Test MethodMicrobial Identification
Catalog number0868
Price CodeK-C
Culture Method
MediaNonselective Sheep Blood Agar
Growth Time24 to 72 hours
Documents related to this product format:
Documents related to this product format:
All Product Formats
Oligella ureolytica derived from ATCC® 43534™*, SKU: 0868LLYFO DISK™DETAILS
*The ATCC Licensed Derivative Emblem, the ATCC Licensed Derivative word mark and the ATCC catalog marks are trademarks of ATCC. Microbiologics, Inc. is licensed to use these trademarks and to sell products derived from ATCC® cultures. Look for the ATCC Licensed Derivative © Emblem for products derived from ATCC© cultures.


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Jordan Morris scores again as U.S. beats Mexico in Under-23 matchup
CARSON, Calif. — It was one week later, but the result was awfully similar. The United States, with Jordan Morris scoring again, defeated Mexico 3-0 in an Under-23 rematch on Wednesday of the match in San Antonio seven days ago.
With U.S. U-23s, Andreas Herzog aims to create pipeline to senior squad
Mario Rodriguez opened the scoring in the 48th minute off Luis Gil's cross, marking the North Hollywood native's second goal of the year for the U-23s. Christian Dean headed home a Dillon Serna free kick 10 minutes later to secure the magical scoreline every American fan craves when the U.S. plays El Tri.
Morris "ruined" it 10 minutes on from the second strike, knocking in a volley from close range for his second goal against Mexico in a week.
Here's what else stood out as the U.S. U-23s won their second match in three tries under Andi Herzog:
A win is a win, especially against Mexico
The Americans showed good resilience after a shaky first half to secure the win. After withstanding several waves of Mexican pressure and looking for opportunities against the run of play, the U.S. reversed the momentum in the second half and won handily.
Subject of debate, Jordan Morris content to let actions do his talking
Mexico generally controlled the opening 45 minutes, with Ángel Zaldívar of second-tier club Coras and talented Toluca forward Marco Bueno — the sole holdover from last week's game for El Tri — causing the most problems. U.S. goalkeeper Cody Cropper had to make a save within the first minute, extending low to his left as Zaldívar got on the end of a knockdown in the penalty area.
Taking advantage of a substitution-depleted Mexican side, the U.S. attacked more freely and struck three times in the second half. It wasn't the best team performance by any stretch, but Herzog's boys won't mind a big win over Mexico to build confidence as a group moving forward.
U.S. lacking familiarity in second camp together
If the U.S. team looked unfamiliar with one another on the field, it's because this match marked the culmination of just their second camp together under its permanent coach following a two-match stint in Europe in March. The team looked especially vulnerable in the back in the first half, before Bueno left the match.
Herzog trotted out the same system, a 4-4-2 with a diamond midfield, as the senior team played a week earlier. Overall, the Americans stayed connected on the defensive side of the ball, with players filling gaps when necessary as their teammates ventured forward.
It took a while to get going in the attacking phase as well, and the U.S. never quite clicked in building possession from the back to its forwards. Despite scoring three goals, two on set pieces, the team's focus moving forward should be on building its cohesiveness on the ball.
Both teams will look different when qualifiers start
USA U-23 Notes: Experience buoys Americans; Cropper, Gil on careers
The U.S. team in this camp couldn't exactly be categorized as a "B" team, but several age-eligible players who could be key in the quest for Olympic gold didn't make the trip. Julian Green was a late scratch after Hamburg responded to Herzog's request for his release too late, while others were not allowed to leave their clubs for a friendly on a non-FIFA date.
Just three of the U.S.'s starters saw time for their club teams over the weekend: Gil, Rodriguez and Fatai Alashe. Two of them, Gil and Rodriguez, combined for the first goal of the game early in the second half, with the latter heading home off a cross.
Mexico's team was even weaker than the U.S.'s in terms of its player pool, the group in California officially categorized as a U-22 team. Raúl Gutiérrez's team is in the process of preparing for the Pan-America Games this summer before Olympic qualifiers in the fall.


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Checkout Nigeria Curvy Female Soldiers Making Waves On Socials With Her Outfits - Photos
Knowing how Nigeria soldiers operate and knowing their antics "especially their men" and having been to NASME barracks in Makurdi, Benue State, I wonder if they have not burst this girl's katofio anyhow. ...lol.
She is too beautiful mehnn..And I suspect this Nigerian female Army officer known as Porch Army girl on Instagram knows that too and she is certainly having guys drooling over her, all thanks to her savory photos.
The beauty showed off her curves recently in a striped crop top and skin tight jeans and though she disabled comments on her page, one can easily tell that she'd have an huge number of DMs everyday!
More photos....


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Tag Archives: film
Elim Pentecostal Church
Dead Calm
film delivery
2nd roll from Ricoh GR-1
With daylight hours growing shorter as winter approaches, I've been making an extra effort to photograph at every suitable opportunity. The portable form factor of the Ricoh GR-1 is doing its job, travelling everywhere with me and providing a useful prompt to stop and make some pictures. My second roll of images with the Ricoh was once more shot on Velvia 50 (note to self: buy some faster film for the gloomy months ahead).
I had the film processed and scanned at the Darkroom in Cheltenham whose service, including free postage, was swift. For 35mm film, I prefer to order medium-resolution scans (1545 pixels longest side from the Darkroom) from the lab to give me an instant overview of the photographs and enable me to send files to Lightroom. I've been impressed by the Darkroom's scans which (according to the metadata) are produced on a Noritsu Koki QSS 32_33 scanner. As I have struggled on occasion to satisfactorily colour correct my own slide film scans so I really appreciate the instant gratification of someone else (or some nifty software) doing this work for me.
Here are some samples from the second Ricoh roll, followed by a link to the whole roll at bottom.
The road
As usual, I spent most of September in the Greek islands: Ikaria, Samos and Patmos this year. Look out for new pictures here very soon.
New publication 'The Woods'
I am very happy to say that my latest book The Woods is now available through Blurb.
The Woods was shot on location over several months in Oxleas Wood, an ancient deciduous forest in London dating back over 8000 years. The book features a selection of large black and white images shot on medium format film.
Two editions are available. The deluxe edition is 12″x12″ and bound in linen with dust jacket and premium endpapers. The 7″x7″ edition, designed to be more compact and affordable, is also a hardcover book with dust jacket. Both editions are printed on high-quality acid-free archival paper, 148 gsm Mohawk Superfine Eggshell Ultrawhite.
Please visit my Blurb bookstore for more details and online ordering.
Here is a preview of The Woods:
The Woods: new images
Following some recent shooting with Ilford FP4+ film, here is an expanded gallery for this ongoing project.
Click here to see the updated gallery
Deep in the woods
Near my home is Oxleas Wood, one of the few remaining areas of ancient deciduous forest in London, dating back over 8000 years. If at all known today, Oxleas is usually associated with Severndroog Castle, an 18th century folly built to commemorate Sir William James's conquest of Suvarnadurg fortress in western India. The Wood is much valued by the local community which has, from time to time, been obliged to defend the place from thrusting road builders and politicians.
Away from Severndroog, it's quite possible to walk for half an hour in Oxleas without encountering another human being. The forest is enveloping and tranquil and it is this mood that I am trying to capture photographically. Dead trees, shadow patterns and leaf cover often fill the frame. There is little colour of note. I had visualised these images in monotone and created a custom preset in Lightroom with a warm cast (rather than straight greyscale) for the conversions from E6 (Provia and Velvia). I will be returning with Ilford FP4+ soon as an experiment in this project's early stages, but here are some initial results.


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Office: 541-461-1737Fax: 541-461-0091Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Tree Care Co.605 Howard AveEugene, OR 97404
One of our tools is not found in many tree care companies. It is an Air-Spade, a specialized air powered excavator that has a nozzle which dispenses a high volume of air in a way that moves soil particles without significantly damaging tree roots.
We believe it is safer to live among trees than it is to drive a car.
However, just as you would take a car to a competent mechanic, we recommend taking an educated look when dealing with the risks related to trees. We can share casual observations verbally or perform more detailed evaluations including climbing inspections, root crown excavations, or provide a formal, written TRACE-Tree Risk Assessment as your need dictates.
Accurate diagnosis is critical to the success of any management program.
Sperry Tree Care Co. consulting arborists, Nathaniel Sperry and Alby Thoumsin, have nearly 40 years combined experience diagnosing tree problems in the area surrounding Eugene and Springfield, Oregon.
Right Tree, Right Place. Pay attention to this axiom, and you will have a happy life with your trees. When planning for a new tree, we recommend you call us before visiting the tree nursery. We can help you choose a tree appropriate to your needs and site.
If you are planning a construction project we invite you to call us early in the process. This will set the stage for a successful, coordinated team approach to your project saving money and possibly trees in the process.
Construction projects are often designed to showcase trees; and then, sadly, those very trees are damaged beyond salvage during the construction process.
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text: All Tiles | October 22, 2014 More Ceramic Tile Paint pictures for you today. These are some remarkable designs, wouldn't you say.Would you like to see more pictures like this? Share this page on Facebook or Twitter if you like them. Buy Tile That Are Welcome in Any HouseOutdoor Tile For Patio That Are Welcome in Any House


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You Can't Miss the Second Saturday Art Walk in Sacramento!
Every second Saturday of the month it's time for fun
Back in the 1990s, the city of Sacramento started its Second Saturday Art Walk. Happening mainly in the downtown area, the event encourages the owners of art galleries and stores to open their doors in the evening hours on the second Saturday of each month. Arts and crafts are highlighted, with an emphasis on that produced by local talent. The event also attracts large numbers of musicians and street performers.
I first started going to the Second Saturday Art Walk in Sacramento with my good friend, an artist by the name of Arco Tung-Sol, now deceased. (You're right - that wasn't his birth name!) Arco and I liked having something to do on the weekend that didn't cost much money. The free food was certainly appreciated, especially by Arco, who often subsisted on such "meals." (Thinking of this, I still crack up!) Arco could certainly down glasses of wine or beer with amiable abandon as well. Incidentally, Arco had a show or two on these art walks.
(Please note that not all galleries or stores offer free food or drink. And some places charge a dollar or so for a small glass of wine.)
Other than Arco Tung-Sol, many other artists have exhibited their work at the Second Saturday Art Walk in Sacramento: Steve Vanoni, Dave Sherrod, Marco Fuoco, Manny Segovia, Gregory Barton, Richard Kozikowski, Bob Dreizler, Linda Fitch, John Van Dusen, Frankie Hansbearry, Henry Garciga, Ann Erpino, Katie Murphy and many others. I've met all of these artists and some are my friends.
One of the best venues on the Second Saturday Art Walk is the Arthouse on R, located at 1021 R Street. Situated upstairs, this gallery features ateliers by various local artists such as Richard Kozikowski, Ann Erpino and Leslie Smith. And, next door to the gallery, the Foundry in Sacramento features large bronze sculptures by artists such as Alan Osborne.
Interestingly, while strolling in the art galleries, I've discovered that many people think I'm an artist as long as I wear one of my European berets. (I think my gray hair adds to the illusion as well.) You could wear one too, I'll bet, even if you happen to be a woman! By all means, when you go on an art walk, wear a beret, look bohemian or play the artist, what the hell! New hobbies and life styles are there for the taking. And if you want to play music at somebody's gallery, they just might let you bang away!
I've discovered that many other areas have regular art walks. Davis, just 15 miles from Sacramento, has a Second Friday Art Walk, and both Downtown Los Angeles and Seattle, Washington have one on the second Thursday of each month. Such affairs seem to be popping up across the country. It's a regular movement of some kind – for the enlightenment and entertainment of countless folks, I'm sure.
So, if you're interested in all things artsy-craftsy, or just curious, see if there's an art walk in your area and get down there ASAP.
And don't forget to wear a beret!
Look below for some of the short videos I've recorded on the Second Saturday Art Walk in Sacramento:
Doorstep of the Cigar Store
Los Politicos
The Folkies
You Know You're Out of Sight
Leo Boots plays slide guitar
The Trad Band
Well, You Needn't
They play Sister Sledge
Somewhere over the Rainbow
© 2009 Kelley Marks
Wow, I had no idea it had been going on for this long!
I've been meaning to go to Sacramento Second Saturdays for months now. Glad I stumbled on your hub. I've got the next one marked in my calender.
Hi, Kosmo really nice Hub, I sure miss Sacramento, I went to Kohlar Elementry in North Highlands. If I spelled it right. My Dad was Stationed at the AirForce Base, in Sacramento.
Interesting hub, thanks. I am partaking this week end so it was useful to read about it. I had lessons from Greg Kondos, a great artist!
Kosmo you mentioned an old friend of mine in one of his bloggs, Arco Tung Sol. I'd like to know more about the circumstances of Arco's passing & family -- can we speak privately? --thanks jono
Interesting you should write about this, as I just went to Second Saturday this past weekend. It was great as always.
This is an interesting Hub Page. I really liked "California Funk" and the painting by Greg Kondes. "Pointillistic City" is cool, too. I am glad I checked you out.


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If you are in Japan in autumn, it's hard to miss this bright orange fruit – persimmon, known to the Japanese as kaki or 柿 in kanji (written the same in Chinese). This picture was taken at Nara park last week, famous for its sacred deer sanctuary (in fact there is a deer right beside the persimmon tree☺)
Persimmons are packed with Vitamin A and C. And they're loved for their sweetness and versatility as a fruit or dessert. As a fruit, I like them slightly hard, almost like a crunchy apple texture. I also like them as desserts and snacks. What about you?


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It's easy to see what fires and floods can do to a building as they unfold. Fires incinerate everything they come in contact with while floods contaminate and weaken your property from the inside. Even after a disaster passes, its residue can continue doing damage to your property right under your nose. To prevent incremental damage over time and get your place back to its pre-disaster state, you need to get help from a professional restoration service provider.
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Since 1992, All County DKI has helped Pembroke Pines' home and business owners get back on track in the aftermath of blazes, hurricanes and floods. We start the restoration process with a free and thorough inspection of your property. Once we've analyzed the situation, we'll give you a set of recommendations along with a cost estimate to help you decide on what's best for your building.
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The city gets its name due to the fact that it's in a part of Pembroke Road where pine trees grow. The road was named after British land owner Earl of Pembroke. Native Americans were the land's first occupants dating back to around 4,000 years ago. In modern times, Pembroke Pines started off as an agricultural town but later grew in terms of infrastructure and population after World War II retirees settled in. By 1951, the city was incorporated.
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I heard that y'all have a problem with spending your savings away, is that right? Despite your best intentions to save money, that company's marketing campaign caught you at a bad time and there you are, nursing the most horrible buyer's remorse.
Note that I didn't name this article, Best Places to Invest Money in Malaysia. It's Best Places to Save Money in Malaysia. Emphasis on saving money.
Therefore, all the options in this list MUST either be cash or can be quickly converted/sold into cash without losing much value. In investing-speak, we call this 'liquid'.
(p/s – According to Google image search, 'liquid investment' is also a tap that drips dollar signs, coins and banknotes. I can confirm this depiction is 100% accurate.)
With that clarified, let's go ahead and rank the best places to save money in Malaysia. The ranking order is decided by myself, but let me know if you have opinions – open to compelling arguments.


text: The videogame industry is still considered in its infancy when compared to most other mature markets. As such, a lot of the methods or techniques used throughout the industry are not standard, and there's not always consensus on the best approach that needs to be taken in game development. The session will include a discussion with three industry experts and what they consider best practice and what they think are successful processes, specifically for the quality assurance and localization domains.


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|yes when i played on Sunday in my new tourny outfit...wow...i shot so many cammo guys...they are so easy to see and shoot...my spray and pray gun is so cool...yellow barrel and all ! of...
|Whattttttta piece of shit! (A Whiteman who runs with jigs would sniff skidmarks for fun!) ted
|Which would you do, and why
|One of the fields where I play is doing double scenario games throughout the year. They will hold a regular scenario game one weekend, followed by the very same scenario with limited paint...
|Paintball Online Community/Jamoja.com
|Hi, I have come across a nice new website for all Paintball lovers. www.jamoja.com. Its a brand new site. The site has only been up for 3 weeks. The great thing is that you can upload and ...
|newbie to this group...lens +gun question
|ok guys so i'm new to this group, and i'm looking at buying my second gun (my first one broke, and it was a cheap one, so not worth the repairs), so now i'm looking at getting a tippman 98...
|getting of camo paint ?
|The previous owner of one of my pro-lites has painted or primered this gun with the brownish camo paint . How do I get this all removed ? I don't want to mess up the bluing on the barrel. ...
|Camouflage boonie hat + face veil?
|I am trying to find out where you can buy "ready made" Boonie Hats + face veils. I am leaning towards Realtree Camouflage. I want this to camouflage a Paintball Mask, and the veil needs to...
|Could this be Jeff Goslin?
|See fat player. http://www.frappr.com/? a=photo&gid=323808&pid=2640209&src=flash_slideticker
|My new scenario
|OK guys, I'm starting to get a little info published about the scenario I'm going to run with my new equipment. I've decided to hold 2 events this year. The first one will be in June, and I'...
|Paintball history
|http://www.ody.ca/~cwells/history.htm Vintage marker info. I really expect Jeff to have some info and pics to update their data base, although it is quiet large already ...
|What lubricant
|Is it necessary to use a grease type of lubricant like a DYE slick lube or Cinnamon butter lubricant or can I use norman marker oil like I use in my Spyder?
|Before Dm's
|Anyone here know what was before the DM Matrix markers or if DYE bought out another company, like the Bud Orr.....WGP kind of thing? Do any of you have any Web sites with info, picture...
|i'm still here.....although I don't know why....
|anybody wanna chum up on myspace? that way we can annoy each other in an all new way! http://www.myspace.com/edtheward
|Digital Camouflage advice please?
|After pouring over numerous photos of Paintball Skirmish fields in my area (which I can email), I have been trying to find a suitable camouflage for the Semi-Arid Mediterranean terrain. The ...
|Eye Injuries
|Hi, this has been on my mind for sometime now, and I wanted to ask you all a few questions. I have read an article at Eye Injuries http://medical-health-care-information.com/encyclopedia/E/...
|Barrel for X-7 A-5
|Hi I need universal barrel to replace stock one. Forests and buildings. Maybe I'll buy flatline in future, but for now my bet is on JJ Ceramic 14 inch. What do you think?
|spyder mr1?
|i have heard about spyder mr1 and i was thinking about gettin one... does anyone recommend?
|hey a bad ass Ironmen DM6 $800 with virtue board and this is red to black....Marcello's ;-)
|If you r board have a flick through my picture site
|Barrel comparison for Bushball: CMI Thunderpig vs Dye Excel
|CMI Thunder Pig vs Dye Excel on a Tip98Pro, un-modified - Both are 12" long - The Thunder Pig claims accuracy because of straight rifling - The Dye Excel claims accuracy because o...
|It's a Girl. Again.
|Saya Marie Greening. 6 lb 12oz @ 1:46pm on Friday the 19th. How's that for useless trivia? :)
|Hey Mo! Are you settled in yet? Seen any ice lately? :) I just realized we're close enough to work on a project together. I've got something planned for next fall that I could us...
|Matrix LCD
|Just been offered an LCD Matrix with the following spec..... Stock bolt kit with, mini rocket LPR,CP inline reg, tadao v1 with ramping, eyes, o4 matrix trigger frame, cp roller trigger...
|Matrix LCD
|Just been offered an LCD Matrix with the following spec..... Stock bolt kit with, mini rocket LPR,CP inline reg, tadao v1 with ramping, eyes, o4 matrix trigger frame, cp roller trigger...
|Best way to store HP tanks!?
|Any suggestions on what is the best way to store HP tanks in the offseason, fully pressurized or half or what!? Thanks y'all. Niho
|high school
|hey click on this to take a quick and easy test to see if your still as cool as you once thought you were.... http://www.sailinganarchy.com/general/2002/cool_test.htm
|fan club
|http://groups.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=groups.groupProfile&groupID=103029050&MyToken=decfdc73-5ea0-4070-aafc-f2d1964fbcde I hope this works..i like it of course.
|Angel 04,05
|Any of you used an Angel speed 04, 05 or LCD??? Do they rip OK? Do you need to run them on a bottle with a low pressure output? Do and of them have eyes? Ho...
|My old website....FOUND!
| I fired up Old Dog today (my oldest still living computer) and low and behold I found a backup of my old paintball website. It doesn't seem to be the latest version of what I had bu...
|Diabled Tank
|http://www.funnyjunk.com/funny_pictures/1581/Wheelchair+Tank/ -- Nobby Never let the bastards grind you down... Think positive and get even!!!


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How to refer
Referrals come into Andover Young Carers in many ways. A child may be referred by a school, who, after chatting to the parents thinks that the child may benefit from some support from our service. A parent may directly refer, or indeed an older young person may hear of us in school, or see the posters or website and contact us for more information. However, when a child is referred the initial assessment process is the same, following a chat with the parents or carers, an assessment will be carried out, and if the young person is identified as a young carer a discussion will take place on the most appropriate support.
Potential young carers can also be referred by other organisations, as part of a whole family support package.