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Water rates go down in the new year due to tax reg changes
Shelton residents who use Aquarion Water Co. should see a 5.6% decrease in their bills in the new year.
The decrease is due to new tax law regulations issued by the IRS, which resulted in a refund to the private water company that Aquarion is passing on to customers.
Connecticut customers will receive a rate credit of 5.6% on their billing statements, effective for the next three years. In addition to the rate credit, Aquarion will delay its next general rate case.
The total amount to be returned to customers in Connecticut through rate credits is $29 million.
'Stability for our customers'
"As a result of this federal tax rebate and the new regulations, we have been able to pass on savings to our customers and delay our next scheduled rate application to PURA [the state agency that regulates utilities], which means greater stability for our customers' water rates," said Charles V. Firlotte, Aquarion president and CEO.
The IRS regulations effectively allow Aquarion to adopt an alternative to how capital expenditures are treated for income tax purposes. The Connecticut Public Utilities Regulatory Authority (PURA) reviewed and approved Aquarion's proposal before it was finalized.
People should still conserve
"While we are lowering water bills for our customers, we will continue to make prudent investments to improve and maintain the integrity of our system's infrastructure," Firlotte said.
"Customers should also continue to employ water conservation measures," he said. "While their water bills are lower, the overall water supply is still finite and it is more important than ever to conserve it."
About Aquarion
Aquarion Water Co. is the public water supply company for more than 625,000 people in 50 cities and towns throughout Connecticut, including Shelton. It also serves customers in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.
Based in Bridgeport, it is the largest investor-owned water utility in New England. The company began in 1857 as the Bridgeport Hydraulic Co. Learn more at www.aquarionwater.com.


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Well its impossible if you a belongs to a desi family and didn't heard about this food "Dhokla" . This is an transnational Gujarati Indian Food, "Dhokla (Gujarati: ઢોકળા ḍhōkḷā) is a vegetarian food item that originates from the Indian state of Gujarat. It is made with a fermented batter derived from rice and split chickpeas.[1] Dhokla can be eaten for breakfast, as a main course, as a side dish, or as a snack. Dhokla is very similar to Khaman, and the terms are frequently used interchangeably." (Source: Wikipedia)
Types of Dhokla
Dhokla prepared in different forms, and we have variety of Dhokla types in our list, Some of the popular kinds of dhoklas are:
– Khatta dhokla
– Rasia dhokla
– Khandhavi dhokla
– Cheese dhokla
– Toor dal dhokla
– Sandwich dhokla
– Rawa dhokla
– Mixed dal dhokla
– Green peas dhokla
Famous Dhokla Recipes
Today we will share you some awesome Dhokla recipes by desi Master Chefs. You will definitely loved it and we must say you should try this yummy recipes of Dhokla at home, so here you go….
Khaman Dhokla Recipe By Sanjeev Kapoor
Besan Dhokla Recipe


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Apparently, 70% of all parents with iPads let their kids use them. I've seen kids as young as 2 pick an iPad up and start using it with little or no direction. It seems that with this tablet there is a device that kids can use, regardless or their current educational state or coordination. iPad developers seem to have caught on to this and the kids app market is a steadily growing one, with educational and gaming apps appearing all the time.
I first encountered kids using iPads when I spent time with Ian's sister and family in Canada earlier this year. I'd taken my iPad with me and downloaded a bunch of kids games for Olivia (3) and Chloe (1) to play with. One of the first thing I noticed, however, was the poor quality of many of the apps, even those with big names like Peppa Pig behind them. Storybooks especially seemed to be nothing more than a digital version of the analogue book with the added disadvantage of not being chewable or usable for hitting your little sister with.
I also looked at how the girls interacted with the educational apps that I downloaded. Often they were no engaging enough to retain interest for more than a minute or two at a time, or did not offer enough incentive to continue when things got hard. Apart from one game, a memory card game, the average time that Olivia engaged with an app was about 2 minutes. I started to wonder if I could do better and came up with the idea for an interactive storybook that helped kids between the ages of 4 and 7 learn to read.
I saw two problems with trying to create an educational storybook app. One was of entertainment and the other was feedback. While watching Olivia use the educational apps, I noticed that the amount of engagement she had with the app increased if an adult was there with her as she used the app and gave constant feedback and assistance when she needed it. However, the adults were not always available to give her the attention she needed and so she would put the iPad down and do something else instead.
I wondered if we could create the sense of feedback and support that an adult would normally provide by using Speech Recognition to listen to the child as they read the storybook and provide the feedback, encouragement, rewards and assistance at the moment it is required. We could use face detection on the front facing camera on the iPad 2 to determine whether or not the child was reading the book and use that as a guide to whether or not to listen or ignore what the app heard. Combine this with fun interactions, animations, multiple paths through the story and embedded games and I felt we could create an engaging, interactive learning experience.
Working with the Strong Steam team we are creating the Speech Recognition and Face Detection technology to use within the app and are in the process of putting together a prototype app. We're looking for an early years learning professional with an interest in technology to help us out with how we make the app as engaging as possible while retaining the educational element. If you are one, or you know of one who might be interested, please do get in touch.


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SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 16 (UPI) -- The battle for dominance in the smartphone market is solidifying with South Korea's Samsung Electronics Co., holding onto the top spot, a research firm said.
Samsung's third quarter sales held steady at 32.1 percent in the third quarter, while Apple sales slipped to 12.1 percent, down from 14.3 percent in the third quarter of 2012, technology research firm Gartner Inc. said.
MarketWatch reported that Apple, despite sliding market share, sold 30.3 million phones in the quarter, a 23.2 percent gain from the same quarter a year earlier, when it sold 24.6 million.
Apple might have done better if the company had started shipments of the iPhone 5 earlier in the quarter, Gartner analyst Anshul Gupta said.
Apple, MarketWatch said, is expected to sell 55 million smartphones in the fourth quarter, but some analysts are questioning the company's ability to hit that target.
Gartner said Lenovo sold close to 13 million phones in the third quarter, capturing a 5.1 percent share of the market. LG Electronics followed that with 12.1 million units sold and a 4.8 percent market share.
Microsoft's market share is smaller, but sales rose 123 percent in the quarter to 8.9 million units.
In the third quarter of 2012, Microsoft sold fewer than 4 million units, MarketWatch said.


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In Zimbabwe, the government of President Robert Mugabe says it will restrict the movement of its political opponents.
Home Affairs Minister John Nkomo told the privately owned Financial Gazette that the move is in retaliation for a European Union travel ban on some top Zimbabwe government officials.
The EU recently imposed targeted sanctions, including travel restrictions, on about 72 members of Zimbabwe?s ruling ZANU-PF, for alleged abuses of democracy, human rights and the law.
Professor Welshman Ncube is the Secretary General of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change. He told English to Africa reporter Josephine Kamara that the proposed restrictions by the government would target any political dissent.


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- Open up your own account at www.godaddy.com.
- Email us your new Godaddy Account Number and Email Address from step 1 to firstname.lastname@example.com.
- We will then transfer your domain name to your new account.
- WAIT...you're not quite done! You MUST log back into your new Godaddy account and APPROVE THE TRANSFER. If you don't do this final step, the domain will not transfer. Please read section 4 one more time as we have no control over this item. Only you or your new web firm can do this.
- If you are using a different registrar (Other than Godaddy) simply let us know and we will send you the transfer authorization code for you to complete the items needed on your end.
As always, if you have any questions, drop us an email and we'll be happy to help.


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Katherine Leaf Textured Silver Drop Earrings are the perfect everyday earrings for the busy woman who loves Nature & elegant modern design.
In Latin the name Katherine means pure & clear.
Made from eco friendly, tarnish resistant Argentium Sterling Silver, Katherine Leaf Textured Silver Drop Earrings are inspired by fallen Autumn leaves.
Each pair of Katherine Earrings is made to order using real leaves & features its' own distinct leaf vein pattern & detail.
Timeless in style & designed with comfort in mind, Katherine Drop Earrings are ideal for everyday.
All Melanie Hay Jewellery is sent ready for gift giving.
Please allow 7 working days for your earrings to be made+ shipping time.
Drop: 14mm W x 24mm L
Earring Length: 34mm (from top of hook)
Australia only:
- Australia Post Standard Parcel Post (3 – 6 days) flat rate
- Express Parcel Post (1- 3 days) flat rate
International shipping: varies according to location (contact me for shipping rates)


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Truck Accident Negligence
Counsel from Proven Marietta Truck Accident Lawyers
When a dangerous road accident occurs between two cars, the causes of that accident tend to be pretty apparent: someone was speeding. A driver was distracted. Reckless driving occurred. All of these elements can also be the cause of commercial truck accidents, but the details of sorting out who is liable for any injuries may not be as cut and dry. If you have been hurt in a commercial truck accident, then you may not be aware of the federal safety regulations instituted in an effort to make these massive vehicles safer on the road.
At Jones & Swanson, our experienced Marietta truck accident attorneys know what it takes to determine and prove negligence in dangerous accidents and have recovered our clients millions of dollars in relief while doing so. We ready to hear your story and, if necessary, start taking decisive action now against the responsible parties.
If you've been hurt in a commercial truck accident, then it is still possible to hold the responsible parties accountable. Call us at (770) 884-6652 to start exploring your options.
Common Examples of Truck Accident Negligence
Because large commercial trucks can pose such a threat to other cars on the road, operating, maintaining, and repairing them are subject to strict safety regulations. While victims in these cases usually assume that the driver themselves is responsible for the crash, many cases involve more significant contributing factors that can include the condition of the truck and the business practices of the transport company.
Common instances of negligence in truck accidents include:
- Impaired driving (drugs, fatigue, alcohol, etc.)
- Schedules and deadlines too demanding on drivers (causing fatigue)
- Inexperienced/untrained drivers
- Improper loading of the vehicle
- Minimal or non-existent maintenance of the truck and trailer
- Defective manufacturing of trucking equipment
The Diligence Needed to Pursue Justice
In these cases, drivers, shipping companies, manufacturers, and owners of the actual truck or trailer may all be held accountable for conditions that led to a dangerous accident. At Jones & Swanson, we are well-versed in the investigation needed to determine just who is liable in these circumstances and how to aggressively pursue the compensation our clients deserve-- even if that means taking on the larger corporate entities.
Start exploring your legal options today. Use our online form to request a free case evaluation with our team of advocates today.


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PETITIONER v. SCIENTIFIC-ATLANTA,
INC., et al.
on writ of certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the eighth circuit
Justice Stevens, with whom Justice Souter and Justice Ginsburg join, dissenting.
Charter Communications, Inc., inflated its revenues by $17 million in order to cover up a $15 to $20 million expected cash flow shortfall. It could not have done so absent the knowingly fraudulent actions of Scientific-Atlanta, Inc., and Motorola, Inc. Investors relied on Charter's revenue statements in deciding whether to invest in Charter and in doing so relied on respondents' fraud, which was itself a "deceptive device" prohibited by §10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. 15 U. S. C. §78j(b). This is enough to satisfy the requirements of §10(b) and enough to distinguish this case from Central Bank of Denver, N. A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, N. A., 511 U. S. 164 (1994) .
The Court seems to assume that respondents' alleged conduct could subject them to liability in an enforcement proceeding initiated by the Government, ante, at 15, but nevertheless concludes that they are not subject to liability in a private action brought by injured investors because they are, at most, guilty of aiding and abetting a violation of §10(b), rather than an actual violation of the statute. While that conclusion results in an affirmance of the judgment of the Court of Appeals, it rests on a rejection of that court's reasoning. Furthermore, while the Court frequently refers to petitioner's attempt to "expand" the implied cause of action,1—a conclusion that begs the question of the contours of that cause of action—it is today's decision that results in a significant departure from Central Bank.
The Court's conclusion that no violation of §10(b) giving rise to a private right of action has been alleged in this case rests on two faulty premises: (1) the Court's overly broad reading of Central Bank, and (2) the view that reliance requires a kind of super-causation—a view contrary to both the Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) position in a recent Ninth Circuit case2 and our holding in Basic Inc. v. Levinson, 485 U. S. 224 (1988) . These two points merit separate discussion.
The Court of Appeals incorrectly based its decision on the view that "[a] device or contrivance is not 'deceptive,' within the meaning of §10(b), absent some misstatement or a failure to disclose by one who has a duty to disclose." In re Charter Communications, Inc., Securities Litigation, 443 F. 3d 987, 992 (CA8 2006). The Court correctly explains why the statute covers nonverbal as well as verbal deceptive conduct. Ante, at 7. The allegations in this case—that respondents produced documents falsely claiming costs had risen and signed contracts they knew to be backdated in order to disguise the connection between the increase in costs and the purchase of advertising—plainly describe "deceptive devices" under any standard reading of the phrase.
What the Court fails to recognize is that this case is critically different from Central Bank because the bank in that case did not engage in any deceptive act and, therefore, did not itself violate §10(b). The Court sweeps aside any distinction, remarking that holding respondents liable would "reviv[e] the implied cause of action against all aiders and abettors except those who committed no deceptive act in the process of facilitating the fraud." Ante, at 12. But the fact that Central Bank engaged in no deceptive conduct whatsoever—in other words, that it was at most an aider and abettor—sharply distinguishes Central Bank from cases that do involve allegations of such conduct. 511 U. S., at 167 (stating that the question presented was "whether private civil liability under §10(b) extends as well to those who do not engage in the manipulative or deceptive practice, but who aid and abet the violation").
The Central Bank of Denver was the indenture trustee for bonds issued by a public authority and secured by liens on property in Colorado Springs. After default, purchasers of $2.1 million of those bonds sued the underwriters, alleging violations of §10(b); they also named Central Bank as a defendant, contending that the bank's delay in reviewing a suspicious appraisal of the value of the security made it liable as an aider and abettor. Id., at 167–168. The facts of this case would parallel those of Central Bank if respondents had, for example, merely delayed sending invoices for set-top boxes to Charter. Conversely, the facts in Central Bank would mirror those in the case before us today if the bank had knowingly purchased real estate in wash transactions at above-market prices in order to facilitate the appraiser's overvaluation of the security. Central Bank, thus, poses no obstacle to petitioner's argument that it has alleged a cause of action under §10(b).
The Court's next faulty premise is that petitioner is required to allege that Scientific-Atlanta and Motorola made it "necessary or inevitable for Charter to record the transactions in the way it did," ante, at 10, in order to demonstrate reliance. Because the Court of Appeals did not base its holding on reliance grounds, see 443 F. 3d, at 992, the fairest course to petitioner would be for the majority to remand to the Court of Appeals to determine whether petitioner properly alleged reliance, under a correct view of what §10(b) covers.3 Because the Court chooses to rest its holding on an absence of reliance, a response is required.
In Basic Inc., 485 U. S., at 243, we stated that "[r]eliance provides the requisite causal connection between a defendant's misrepresentation and a plaintiff's injury." The Court's view of the causation required to demonstrate reliance is unwarranted and without precedent.
In Basic Inc., we held that the "fraud-on-the-market" theory provides adequate support for a presumption in private securities actions that shareholders (or former shareholders) in publicly traded companies rely on public material misstatements that affect the price of the company's stock. Id., at 248. The holding in Basic is surely a sufficient response to the argument that a complaint alleging that deceptive acts which had a material effect on the price of a listed stock should be dismissed because the plaintiffs were not subjectively aware of the deception at the time of the securities' purchase or sale. This Court has not held that investors must be aware of the specific deceptive act which violates §10b to demonstrate reliance.
The Court is right that a fraud-on-the-market presumption coupled with its view on causation would not support petitioner's view of reliance. The fraud-on-the-market presumption helps investors who cannot demonstrate that they, themselves, relied on fraud that reached the market. But that presumption says nothing about causation from the other side: what an individual or corporation must do in order to have "caused" the misleading information that reached the market. The Court thus has it backwards when it first addresses the fraud-on-the-market presumption, rather than the causation required. See, ante, at 8. The argument is not that the fraud-on-the-market presumption is enough standing alone, but that a correct view of causation coupled with the presumption would allow petitioner to plead reliance.
Lower courts have correctly stated that the causation necessary to demonstrate reliance is not a difficult hurdle to clear in a private right of action under §10(b). Reliance is often equated with " 'transaction causation.' " Dura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Broudo, 544 U. S. 336, 341, 342 (2005) . Transaction causation, in turn, is often defined as requiring an allegation that but for the deceptive act, the plaintiff would not have entered into the securities transaction. See, e.g., Lentell v. Merrill Lynch & Co., 396 F. 3d 161, 172 (CA2 2005); Binder v. Gillespie, 184 F. 3d 1059, 1065–1066 (CA9 1999).
Even if but-for causation, standing alone, is too weak to establish reliance, petitioner has also alleged that respondents proximately caused Charter's misstatement of income; petitioner has alleged that respondents knew their deceptive acts would be the basis for statements that would influence the market price of Charter stock on which shareholders would rely. Second Amended Consolidated Class Action Complaint ¶¶ 8, 98, 100, 109, App. 19a, 55a–56a, 59a. Thus, respondents' acts had the foreseeable effect of causing petitioner to engage in the relevant securities transactions. The Restatement (Second) of Torts §533, pp. 72–73 (1977), provides that "[t]he maker of a fraudulent misrepresentation is subject to liability … if the misrepresentation, although not made directly to the other, is made to a third person and the maker intends or has reason to expect that its terms will be repeated or its substance communicated to the other." The sham transactions described in the complaint in this case had the same effect on Charter's profit and loss statement as a false entry directly on its books that included $17 million of gross revenues that had not been received. And respondents are alleged to have known that the outcome of their fraudulent transactions would be communicated to investors.
The Court's view of reliance is unduly stringent and unmoored from authority. The Court first says that if the petitioner's concept of reliance is adopted the implied cause of action "would reach the whole marketplace in which the issuing company does business." Ante, at 9. The answer to that objection is, of course, that liability only attaches when the company doing business with the issuing company has itself violated §10(b).4 The Court next relies on what it views as a strict division between the "realm of financing business" and the "ordinary business operations." Ante, at 10. But petitioner's position does not merge the two: A corporation engaging in a business transaction with a partner who transmits false information to the market is only liable where the corporation itself violates §10(b). Such a rule does not invade the province of "ordinary" business transactions.
The majority states that "[s]ection 10(b) does not incorporate common-law fraud into federal law," citing SEC v. Zandford, 535 U. S. 813 (2002) . Ante, at 11. Of course, not every common-law fraud action that happens to touch upon securities is an action under §10(b), but the Court's opinion in Zandford did not purport to jettison all reference to common-law fraud doctrines from §10(b) cases. In fact, our prior cases explained that to the extent that "the antifraud provisions of the securities laws are not coextensive with common-law doctrines of fraud," it is because common-law fraud doctrines might be too restrictive. Herman & MacLean v. Huddleston, 459 U. S. 375, 388–389 (1983) . "Indeed, an important purpose of the federal securities statutes was to rectify perceived deficiencies in the available common-law protections by establishing higher standards of conduct in the securities industry." Id., at 389. I, thus, see no reason to abandon common-law approaches to causation in §10(b) cases.
Finally, the Court relies on the course of action Congress adopted after our decision in Central Bank to argue that siding with petitioner on reliance would run contrary to congressional intent. Senate hearings on Central Bank were held within one month of our decision.5 Less than one year later, Senators Dodd and Domenici introduced S. 240, which became the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (PSLRA), 109 Stat. 737.6 Congress stopped short of undoing Central Bank entirely, instead adopting a compromise which restored the authority of the SEC to enforce aiding and abetting liability.7 A private right of action based on aiding and abetting violations of §10(b) was not, however, included in the PSLRA,8 despite support from Senator Dodd and members of the Senate Subcommittee on Securities.9 This compromise surely provides no support for extending Central Bank in order to immunize an undefined class of actual violators of §10(b) from liability in private litigation. Indeed, as Members of Congress—including those who rejected restoring a private cause of action against aiders and abettors—made clear, private litigation under §10(b) continues to play a vital role in protecting the integrity of our securities markets.10 That Congress chose not to restore the aiding and abetting liability removed by Central Bank does not mean that Congress wanted to exempt from liability the broader range of conduct that today's opinion excludes.
The Court is concerned that such liability would deter overseas firms from doing business in the United States or "shift securities offerings away from domestic capital markets." Ante, at 13. But liability for those who violate §10(b) "will not harm American competitiveness; in fact, investor faith in the safety and integrity of our markets is their strength. The fact that our markets are the safest in the world has helped make them the strongest in the world." Brief for Former SEC Commissioners as Amici Curiae 9.
Accordingly, while I recognize that the Central Bank opinion provides a precedent for judicial policymaking decisions in this area of the law, I respectfully dissent from the Court's continuing campaign to render the private cause of action under §10(b) toothless. I would reverse the decision of the Court of Appeals.
While I would reverse for the reasons stated above, I must also comment on the importance of the private cause of action that Congress implicitly authorized when it enacted the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. A theme that underlies the Court's analysis is its mistaken hostility towards the §10(b) private cause of action.11 Ante, at 13. The Court's current view of implied causes of action is that they are merely a "relic" of our prior "heady days." Correctional Services Corp. v. Malesko, 534 U. S. 61, 75 (2001) (Scalia, J., concurring). Those "heady days" persisted for two hundred years.
During the first two centuries of this Nation's history much of our law was developed by judges in the common-law tradition. A basic principle animating our jurisprudence was enshrined in state constitution provisions guaranteeing, in substance, that "every wrong shall have a remedy."12 Fashioning appropriate remedies for the violation of rules of law designed to protect a class of citizens was the routine business of judges. See Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cranch 137, 166 (1803). While it is true that in the early days state law was the source of most of those rules, throughout our history—until 1975—the same practice prevailed in federal courts with regard to federal statutes that left questions of remedy open for judges to answer. In Texas & Pacific R. Co. v. Rigsby, 241 U. S. 33, 39 (1916) , this Court stated the following:
"A disregard of the command of the statute is a wrongful act, and where it results in damage to one of the class for whose especial benefit the statute was enacted, the right to recover the damages from the party in default is implied, according to a doctrine of the common law expressed in 1 Com. Dig., tit. Action upon Statute (F), in these words: 'So, in every case, where a statute enacts, or prohibits a thing for the benefit of a person, he shall have a remedy upon the same statute for the thing enacted for his advantage, or for the recompense of a wrong done to him contrary to the said law.' (Per Holt, C. J., Anon., 6 Mod. 26, 27.)"
Judge Friendly succinctly described the post-Rigsby, pre-1975 practice in his opinion in Leist v. Simplot, 638 F. 2d 283, 298–299 (CA2 1980):
"Following Rigsby the Supreme Court recognized implied causes of action on numerous occasions, see, e.g., Wyandotte Transportation Co. v. United States, 389 U.S. 191 … (1967) (sustaining implied cause of action by United States for damages under Rivers and Harbors Act for removing negligently sunk vessel despite express remedies of in rem action and criminal penalties); United States v. Republic Steel Corp., 362 U.S. 482 … (1960) (sustaining implied cause of action by United States for an injunction under the Rivers and Harbors Act); Tunstall v. Locomotive Firemen & Enginemen, 323 U.S. 210 … (1944) (sustaining implied cause of action by union member against union for discrimination among members despite existence of Board of Mediation); Sullivan v. Little Hunting Park, Inc., 396 U.S. 229 … (1969) (sustaining implied private cause of action under 42 U.S.C. §1982); Allen v. State Board of Elections, 393 U.S. 544 … (1969) (sustaining implied private cause of action under §5 of the Voting Rights Act despite the existence of a complex regulatory scheme and explicit rights of action in the Attorney General); and, of course, the aforementioned decisions under the securities laws. As the Supreme Court itself has recognized, the period of the 1960's and early 1970's was one in which the 'Court had consistently found implied remedies.' Cannon v. University of Chicago, 441 U.S. 677 … (1979)."
In a law-changing opinion written by Justice Brennan in 1975, the Court decided to modify its approach to private causes of action. Cort v. Ash, 422 U. S. 66 (constraining courts to use a strict four-factor test to determine whether Congress intended a private cause of action). A few years later, in Cannon v. University of Chicago, 441 U. S. 677 (1979) , we adhered to the strict approach mandated by Cort v. Ash in 1975, but made it clear that "our evaluation of congressional action in 1972 must take into account its contemporary legal context." 441 U. S., at 698–699. That context persuaded the majority that Congress had intended the courts to authorize a private remedy for members of the protected class.
Until Central Bank, the federal courts continued to enforce a broad implied cause of action for the violation of statutes enacted in 1933 and 1934 for the protection of investors. As Judge Friendly explained:
"During the late 1940's, the 1950's, the 1960's and the early 1970's there was widespread, indeed almost general, recognition of implied causes of action for damages under many provisions of the Securities Exchange Act, including not only the antifraud provisions, §§ 10 and 15(c)(1), see Kardon v. National Gypsum Co., 69 F.Supp. 512, 513–14 (E.D.Pa.1946); Fischman v. Raytheon Mfg. Co., 188 F.2d 783, 787 (2 Cir. 1951) (Frank, J.); Fratt v. Robinson, 203 F.2d 627, 631–33 (9 Cir. 1953), but many others. These included the provision, § 6(a)(1), requiring securities exchanges to enforce compliance with the Act and any rule or regulation made thereunder, see Baird v. Franklin, 141 F.2d 238, 239, 240, 244–45 (2 Cir.), cert. denied, 323 U.S. 737 … (1944), and provisions governing the solicitation of proxies, see J. I. Case Co. v. Borak, 377 U.S. 426 … (1964)… . Writing in 1961, Professor Loss remarked with respect to violations of the antifraud provisions that with one exception 'not a single judge has expressed himself to the contrary.' 3 Securities Regulation 1763–64. See also Bromberg & Lowenfels, supra, §2.2 (462) (describing 1946–1974 as the 'expansion era' in implied causes of action under the securities laws). When damage actions for violation of §10(b) and Rule 10b–5 reached the Supreme Court, the existence of an implied cause of action was not deemed worthy of extended discussion. Superintendent of Insurance v. Bankers Life & Casualty Co., 404 U.S. 6 … (1971)." Leist, 638 F. 2d, at 296–297 (footnote omitted).
In light of the history of court-created remedies and specifically the history of implied causes of action under §10(b), the Court is simply wrong when it states that Congress did not impliedly authorize this private cause of action "when it first enacted the statute." Ante, at 16. Courts near in time to the enactment of the securities laws recognized that the principle in Rigsby applied to the securities laws.13 Congress enacted §10(b) with the understanding that federal courts respected the principle that every wrong would have a remedy. Today's decision simply cuts back further on Congress' intended remedy. I respectfully dissent.
1 See ante, at 10 ("[w]ere the implied cause of action to be extended to the practices described here . . . "); ante, at 12 ("[t]he practical consequences of an expansion"); ante, at 14 ("Concerns with the judicial creation of a private cause of action caution against its expansion. The decision to extend the cause of action is for the Congress, not for us").
2 See Brief for SEC as Amicus Curiae in Simpson v. AOL Time Warner Inc., No. 04–55665 (CA9), p. 21 ("The reliance requirement is satisfied where a plaintiff relies on a material deception flowing from a defendant's deceptive act, even though the conduct of other participants in the fraudulent scheme may have been a subsequent link in the causal chain leading to the plaintiff's securities transaction").
3 Though respondents did argue to the Court of Appeals that reliance was lacking, see Brief for Appellee Motorola, Inc., in No. 05–1974 (CA8), p. 15, that argument was quite short and was based on an erroneously broad reading of Central Bank of Denver, N. A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, N. A., 511 U. S. 164 (1994) , as discussed, supra, at 3 and this page. The Court of Appeals mentioned reliance only once, stating that respondents "did not issue any misstatement relied upon by the investing public." 443 F. 3d, at 992. Furthermore, that statement was made in the context of the Court of Appeals' holding that a deceptive act must be a misstatement or omission—a holding which the Court unanimously rejects.
4 Because the kind of sham transactions alleged in this complaint are unquestionably isolated departures from the ordinary course of business in the American marketplace, it is hyperbolic for the Court to conclude that petitioner's concept of reliance would authorize actions "against the entire marketplace in which the issuing company operates." Ante, at 11.
5 See S. Rep. No. 104–98, p. 2 (1995) (hereinafter S. Rep.).
6 Id., at 1.
7 The opinion in Central Bank discussed only private remedies, but its rationale—that the text of §10(b) did not cover aiding and abetting—obviously limited the authority of public enforcement agencies. See 511 U. S., at 199–200 (Stevens, J., dissenting); see also S. Rep., at 19 ("The Committee does, however, grant the SEC express authority to bring actions seeking injunctive relief or money damages against persons who knowingly aid and abet primary violators of the securities laws").
8 PSLRA, §104, 109 Stat. 757; see also S. Rep., at 19 ("The Committee believes that amending the 1934 Act to provide explicitly for private aiding and abetting liability actions under Section 10(b) would be contrary to S. 240's goal of reducing meritless securities litigation").
9 See id., at 51 (additional views of Sen. Dodd) ("I am pleased that the Committee bill grants the Securities and Exchange Commission explicit authority to bring actions against those who knowingly aid and abet primary violators. However, I remain concerned about liability in private actions and will continue work with other Committee members on this issue as we move to floor consideration"). Senators Sarbanes, Boxer, and Bryan also submitted additional views in which they stated that "[w]hile the provision in the bill is of some help, the deterrent effect of the securities laws would be strengthened if aiding and abetting liability were restored in private actions as well." Id., at 49.
10 Id., at 8 ("The success of the U. S. securities markets is largely the result of a high level of investor confidence in the integrity and efficiency of our markets. The SEC enforcement program and the availability of private rights of action together provide a means for defrauded investors to recover damages and a powerful deterrent against violations of the securities laws"); see also Bateman Eichler, Hill Richards, Inc. v. Berner, 472 U. S. 299, 310 (1985) ("Moreover, we repeatedly have emphasized that implied private actions provide 'a most effective weapon in the enforcement' of the securities laws and are 'a necessary supplement to Commission action' "); Brief for Former SEC Commissioners as Amici Curiae 4 ("[L]iability [of the kind at issue here] neither results in undue liability exposure for non-issuers, nor an undue burden upon capital formation. Holding liable wrongdoers who actively engage in fraudulent conduct that lacks a legitimate business purpose does not hinder, but rather enhances, the integrity of our markets and our economy. We believe that the integrity of our securities markets is their strength. Investors, both domestic and foreign, trust that fraud is not tolerated in our nation's securities markets and that strong remedies exist to deter and protect against fraud and to recompense investors when it occurs").
11 The Court does concede that Congress has now ratified the private cause of action in the PSLRA. See ante, at 15.
12 Today, the guarantee of a remedy for every injury appears in nearly three-quarters of state constitutions. Ala. Const., Art. I, §13; Ark. Const., Art. II, §13; Colo. Const., Art. II, §6; Conn. Const., Art. I, §10; Del. Const., Art. I, §9; Fla. Const., Art. I, §21; Idaho Const., Art. I, §18; Ill. Const., Art. I, §12; Ind. Const., Art. I, §12; Kan. Const., Bill of Rights, §18; Ky. Const., §14; La. Const., Art. I, §22; Me. Const., Art. I, §19; Md. Const., Declaration of Rights, Art. 19; Mass. Const., pt. I, Art. 11; Minn. Const., Art. 1, §8; Miss. Const., Art. III, §24; Mo. Const., Art. I, §14; Mont. Const., Art. II, §16; Neb. Const., Art. I, §13; N. H. Const., pt. I, Art. 14; N. C. Const., Art. I, §18; N. D. Const., Art. I, §9; Ohio Const., Art. I, §16; Okla. Const., Art. II, §6; Ore. Const., Art. I, §10; Pa. Const., Art. I, §11; R. I. Const., Art. I, §5; S. C. Const., Art. I, §9; S. D. Const., Art. VI, §20; Tenn. Const., Art. I, §17; Tex. Const., Art. I, §13; Utah Const., Art. I, §11; Vt. Const., ch. I, Art. 4; W. Va. Const., Art. III, §17; Wis. Const., Art. I, §9; Wyo. Const., Art. I, §8; see also Phillips, The Constitutional Right to a Remedy, 78 N. Y. U. L. Rev. 1309, 1310, n. 6 (2003) (hereinafter Phillips). The concept of a remedy for every wrong most clearly emerged from Sir Edward Coke's scholarship on Magna Carta. See 1 Second Part of the Institutes of the Laws of England (1797). At the time of the ratification of the United States Constitution, Delaware, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Hampshire, and North Carolina had all adopted constitutional provisions reflecting the provision in Coke's scholarship. Del. Declaration of Rights and Fundamental Rules §12 (1776), reprinted in 2 W. Swindler, Sources and Documents of United States Constitutions 198 (1973) (hereinafter Swindler); Mass. Const., pt. I, Art. XI (1780), reprinted in 3 Federal and State Constitutions, Colonial Charters, and Other Organic Laws 1891 (F. Thorpe ed. 1909) (reprinted 1993) (hereinafter Thorpe); Md. Const., Declaration of Rights, Art. XVII (1776), in id., at 1688; N. H. Const., Art. XIV (1784), in 4 id., at 2455; N. C. Const., Declaration of Rights, Art. XIII (1776), in 5 id., at 2787, 2788; see also Phillips 1323–1324. Pennsylvania's Constitution of 1790 contains a guarantee. Pa. Const., Art. IX, §11, in 5 Thorpe 3101. Connecticut's 1818 Constitution, Art. I, §12, contained such a provision. Reprinted in Swindler 145.
13 See, e.g., Slavin v. Germantown Fire Ins. Co., 174 F. 2d 799 (CA3 1949); Baird v. Franklin, 141 F. 2d 238, 244–245 (CA2) ("The fact that the statute provides no machinery or procedure by which the individual right of action can proceed is immaterial. It is well established that members of a class for whose protection a statutory duty is created may sue for injuries resulting from its breach and that the common law will supply a remedy if the statute gives none"), cert. denied, 323 U. S. 737 (1944) ; Kardon v. National Gypsum Co., 69 F. Supp. 512, 514 (ED Pa. 1946) ("[T]he right to recover damages arising by reason of violation of a statute … is so fundamental and so deeply ingrained in the law that where it is not expressly denied the intention to withhold it should appear very clearly and plainly").


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Dota 2: Reborn Update Imminent
Dota 2 [official site] will be officially switching over to the Source 2 engine in the next few weeks as the game-changing* Reborn update hits the main client.
Valve's MOBA behemoth has had the Source 2 option for a while, just not in the main client. To use it you download the Reborn update (you'll find it via the Play tab) and then select Reborn beta when you launch the game. But now Reborn is coming to the game's main client and bringing all its accompanying bells and whistles as well as a few works-in-progress.
Talking about the switchover on their blog, Valve's Dota 2 team say:
"Moving away from the Source 1 engine soon will allow us to better focus our efforts entirely on Source 2 in preparation for various upcoming tournaments. There are still a few features that will need some work when the update is released, but we plan to finish them quickly. Expect the weeks that follow to focus on ironing out issues, refining the dashboard and iterating based on your feedback. Afterwards, we'll begin shifting our attention toward the in-game UI, where we plan to redesign the HUD and work on a variety of other in-game features."
There's no exact timeline for the switch but if you've downloaded the Reborn update already you won't need to do it again when it comes to the main client, so Valve are advising players start doing so now.
*I'm saying this because it's true, rather than as hyperbole – Reborn not only brings aesthetic changes and new features, it also pegs Dota 2 as a game development platform as well as a single game. Designers can use the provided toolset to create their own custom games and then make them available to the playerbase via the Custom Game tab. Basically, Dota will not be provided as a single game anymore.


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The Danson Park Country Fair Saturday 6 & Sunday 7 July 2019
Saturday 6 & Sunday 7 July 2019
Danson Park Country Fair
10am – 5pm
Free Parking in event dedicated parking, please follow signposts
Returning for the 4th year (after a short gap after the show had been running for nearly 30 years), this family Country Fair will have something for everyone. All day entertainment will include Equestrienne Circus Stunt Display Team, birds of prey flying displays, terrier racing, children's entertainer, the goat show including bottle feeding lambs and kids, children's petting pens, historical re-enactment, and much much more. Plus demonstrations of rural skills for you to enjoy.
As well as a display of full size and scale vintage vehicles
Arts, crafts food drink and gifts marquees as well as outside trade stands.
Fully catered & with a licensed bar
And on Sunday at this event we are proud to host The Fun Family Companion Dog Show (Companion Dog Show Schedule) so bring along a canine friend and have a go (all proceeds from entries go to Marie Curie care)
For stallholders wishing to book space at this event please click here
Tickets available on the gate: Adults: £7.50, Concessions: £6.50, Young person £4 (5-18) Family: £20(2 adults, 2 young people)
Online: Adults: £6.50, concession: £5.50, young person £3.50 Family £18 (2 adults, 2 young people)
Under 5s go free
Young people 5-18 must be accompanied by an adult
To qualify for a concessionary ticket you must be either: Senior Citizen, Student, Disabled, NHS Worker, Member of Armed Forces & produce relevant ID
Well behaved dogs on a lead welcome at this show, but not in marquees with food please.
Danson Park Country Fair
Danson Park
Tel: 01206 263088


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Our customers are so cool. They get it. That what we do with olive oil is really special. That it matters what EVOO you cook with, drizzle with, dip with, and anoint with. That good oil lends a whole new, heady dimension to whatever it touches. Rick Charnes is one of these customers. He wrote to Steve Jenkins, the man behind our olive oil program, about his Gata-Hurdes–a gorgeous green oil with enormous character and hit-you-over-the-head piquancy. We're publishing their chat, in case you're as curious about the state of your EVOO as Rick:
Rick: Steve, I'm noticing that the bottle of Gata-Hurdes Manzanilla Cacerena I received from my March online order is much more clear and filtered-looking than the bottle my friend picked up at your Stamford store in late January or early February. The oil in the January bottle had all sorts of great-looking particulate matter and it was nice and cloudy which is how I like it. What do you think would cause the difference? Maybe the January bottle was from the 2010 harvest and the March one from the 2011 harvest? Or…?
Steve: Was pumped from the oil that resided at the top of a barrel, that's all. The farther down the barrel the top layer slides, that is, the emptier the barrel, the clearer the oil. More particulate matter is pumped from a full barrel. And you know what? Your clear oil will taste just as full as a cloudy bottle. Side-by-side, a cloudy gata tasted with a clear gata? You'd never taste (or smell) the diff.
Rick: Yup, that makes sense. I know that even when an oil is not formally filtered, producers often try eliminate visible particulate matter through decanting/racking because it lasts longer that way — I guess the moisture in the fruit matter can degrade the oil early? — but I like the cloudy look! BTW, you're right — the Taggiasca oil from Liguria is fairly mild and I've settled on using that for cooking/sautéing and the other more flavorful oils for finishing. Real, real nice.
Steve: No, never heard that olive oil producers are trying to increase the life of olive oil by filtering it. Only that they want sparkling clear oil with no debris settling or floating about for merely cosmetic effect.
I just received my first container of yet another 'house' oil, extremely low-priced, that comes from my close colleague Pere Mateo who is the top guy at the co-operative Olis de Catalunya, an amalgam of 20,000 Catalan farmers (grapes, olives). I immediately cracked open a liter and poured a glug down my pie-hole. I am utterly elated. 100% Catalan arbequina. A knock-out.


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If you walk away, you lose your home, but otherwise have no personal liability. Elsewhere in Canada, your lender can take you to court and seize other assets, such as RRSPs, vehicles, and even garnishee your wages.You know what really destroys an economy where employment is driven by services? Killing consumer spending. What a great idea in the teeth of a downturn.
A collection of articles and quick commentary on residential real estate. "It's different this time, really . . . " Ha ha ha. No, it's not. When China goes down, so does Australia and Canada.
Wednesday, February 10, 2016
Mailing in the keys in non-recourse Alberta
Jingle mail rears its ugly head in Alberta again Why is this ugly? The banks entered willing into a contract that said, hey you don't feel like paying that mortgage, fine, we'll take the house in lieu of further payment. This is the way it is supposed to work. The banks (presumably, one hopes) have much better information than the consumer. If the handful of large banks' army of accountants and actuaries can't do their jobs and assess risk properly, then that isn't the fault of the consumer.
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Important Visitation Policy Restriction as of September 5, 2020
Due to COVID-19, CAMC has implemented a NO VISITOR policy for the safety of our patients and staff. This policy has few exceptions. View the information here.
Charleston Area Medical Center maintains visitation policies to promote a safe, secure, and healthy environment that is conducive to an optimal recovery while allowing CAMC employees to perform their duties effectively and efficiently. This policy defines general standards of behavior for visitors. Specific information about the nature and frequency of visitations is kept on the individual nursing and treatment units. As a general rule, CAMC exercises oversight of the frequency and length of visitations to prevent interruptions in care and to ensure adequate rest and nutrition for our patients.
Visitation guidelines for care partners are typically different from those for general visitors, but are also restricted due to COVID-19.
CAMC takes very seriously actual or potential threats to the health, safety, and security of our patients, physicians, nurses, and staff members and thus reserves the right to terminate visitations or refuse hospital access to visitors if they endanger in any way any of these stakeholders.
Read our Visitor Code of Conduct


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In TV & Radiofollow-up:
Michael Drosnin is an American journalist and best selling author. He has written two books claiming that he can see into the future using a 3000 year old code, hidden in the Bible.
What he can see is truly horrific; according to Drosnin, the world could end in an atomic holocaust - in 2006.
It sounds preposterous yet Drosnin claims to have serious scientific backing. Behind his findings lies the work of one of the world's most brilliant theoretical mathematicians, an Israeli professor called Eliyahu Rips.
In 1994, using exactly the same ancient code, Michael Drosnin accurately predicted the assassination of the Israeli Prime Minister Yitzak Rabin - twelve months before it occurred.
Drosnin's books on the Bible Code have been translated into most of the world's major languages and are read by millions of people. If he's right, he's stumbled on one of the most important discoveries ever made.
This week Horizon investigates the science behind the Bible Code.


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Fraud Charges
Have you been charged with the criminal law offence of fraud? It's important to seek legal advice from an experienced lawyer as soon as possible. Learn more about this offence below.
s. 408C Fraud (Criminal Code Queensland)
In Queensland, it is an offence to commit fraud. Fraud includes when a person dishonestly:
- Uses another person's property for their own use;
- Obtains property from another person;
- Induces another person to deliver property to any person;
- Gains benefit or advantage, pecuniary or otherwise, to any person;
- Causes a detriment, pecuniary or otherwise, to any person;
- Induces any person to do any act which the person is lawfully entitled to abstain from doing; or
- Induces any person from abstaining from doing any act which that person is lawfully entitled to do; or
- Makes off, knowing that payment on the spot is required or expected for any property supplied or returned or for any service provided, without having paid and with intent to avoid payment.
'Property' includes physical items such as a phone, as well as non-physical items such as money and credit arrangements.
The maximum penalty for fraud offences is 12 years' imprisonment, however can be increased to 20 years depending on the facts of the case. A person's criminal history, and the sum of money fraudulently acquired or the quantum of property defrauded will be considered when sentencing a person for a Fraud offence. Highly sophisticated Fraud offences which result in the acquisition of money or property of high value will attract a more serious penalty. Fraud offences are dealt with either in the Magistrates or District Court (depending on the circumstances).
In Queensland, if a person is convicted of Fraud, then the court could impose one of the following penalties:
- Jail (suspended, parole or actual time);
- Intensive Corrections Order;
- Probation;
- Bonds;
- Restitution;
- Fines.
The actual penalty will depend on the circumstances of the matter including the seriousness of the offence and the individual circumstances and background of the Defendant.
Are there any defences available to this charge?
Yes. The facts of your case will determine which defences will be available for you. The following defences may be available to you:
- Duress;
- Actions were honest or a result of an honest and reasonable mistake;
- Honest claim of right;
- The thing taken was not property;
- The accused had consent to acquire the property.
What should I do if the police want to speak to me about a fraud allegation or if I am charged with Fraud?
You have the right to remain silent. You DO have to provide the police with your name, date of birth and contact details. You should NOT answer any questions, make any statement or participate in any interview with the police. You should be polite to the officer but insist that you want to talk to your lawyer. You have the right to telephone a friend, relative or lawyer.
Call an Expert
If you are charged with a criminal offence, it is very important that you seek immediate legal advice. Our team at Brooke Winter Solicitors can give you over the phone advice. We have a solid reputation as expert Criminal Lawyers and can represent you in court.
Call us on 1300 066 669 if you have any questions. We can assist you no matter where you are located and can appear in every court.


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Beth is available to write blog posts, articles, and content for Recovery & Wellness related websites, newsletters, or organizational outreach. If you'd like to explore incorporating content that educates and highlights Holistic Resources for Addiction and Mental Health Recovery, contact Beth to learn more.
The Holistic Recovery Pathways blog is just getting off the ground! Stay tuned for posts on holistic resources and wellness tools to support us in recovery and life!
Explore Beth's blog, The Heart Of Awakening: Searching For A New Paradigm for posts on transformation and healing. Topics include Meditation & Mindfulness, Bach Flower Remedies, Holistic Self-Care, Conscious Heart-Centered Living, Seasonal Wellness & more…
Here are some of the stories Beth has written in collaboration with Heal My Voice, an international organization that supports women in reclaiming their voices through writing and sharing their stories:
"Lost & Found: The Birth Of A Shaman", was first published in February 2013 in Inspired Voices: True Stories Of Visionary Women.
"I'm Okay, Really!" , originally published in Harmonic Voices: True Stories by Women on the Path to Peace.
"Recovery Is Possible" , originally published in Feminine Voices: True Stories Of Women Transforming Leadership.
Additional stories can be found in Heal My Voice books available on Amazon:
"Afterword: Becoming Peace" in Harmonic Voices: True Stories by Women on the Path to Peace
"Foreword" in Tender Voices: True Stories by Women on a Journey of Love
Other Publications:
Omnipresent: The Sacred Feminine Balance


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Home > Facility Locator > Find NRC-Licensed Facilities by Region or State > Mississippi
The NRC's Region IV Office in Arlington, Texas, is responsible for carrying out the agency's duties related to nuclear power reactors in Mississippi. No nuclear fuel cycle facilities are located in Mississippi. Mississippi is an Agreement State.
More information about Mississippi's role in ensuring the safe use of radioactive materials can be obtained from the NRC Office of State Program's Directory of State Regulations, Legislation, and Web Sites.
Operating Nuclear Power Reactors
- Grand Gulf
Fuel Cycle Facilities
- none
Uranium Recovery Facilities
- none
Operating Research and Test Reactors
- none
Facilities Undergoing Decommissioning
- none
Page Last Reviewed/Updated Wednesday, October 05, 2016


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Anyone who has been to the ancient Indian city of Varanasi must believe in the existence of God. The city is the epitome of disorder, yet, somehow, everything works.
Varanasi represents the spiritual side of India, one that makes peace with the idea that life itself is an illusion. The unstructured way of somehow making things work could either be the handiwork of God or people's instinct to innovate in funny little ways depending on the availability or, rather, unavailability of resources. In this case, the latter is probably true.
People in developing countries with fewer resources, such as in India, have developed the ability to create more from less. They are inclined towards developing sustainable solutions from the limited resources available to them, although they may not always succeed in doing so. For example, a remote village may not have a constant supply of electricity; however, the families that live there may have access to a low-cost fridge that does not run on electricity – Mitti Cool is a refrigerator made of clay that keeps vegetables fresh for up to five days. Or, for instance, a street might be in need of cleaning, and the solution could be a bicycle that also works as a broom that sweeps the street as you ride the bicycle.
This kind of innovation, which springs from a lack of resources, is called Jugaad in colloquial Hindi and in the Punjabi language. In other words, it is hacking life, the Indian way. Here it is important to emphasize that the concept of Jugaad, or frugal innovation, which refers to the process of reducing the complexity and cost of an item of goods and its production, is not exclusively Indian.
Examples of such thinking can be found in the wealthier West, too. A small British firm, specialising in 360-degree projections for entertainment, for instance, wanted to reproduce the effect of an airline simulator projected inside a dome, for festival-goers to relax inside. But the simulator was so expensive that it was out of reach for the task at hand. The lack of funds forced the firm to think frugally. So they made their own 360-degree system using projectors they adapted from regular ones used in classrooms, and made their dream of a festival simulator come true. Tesla's game-changing Powerwall batteries enable homes and businesses to store solar energy and power from the grid, thus reducing electricity bills for the user by up to 25%.
These batteries are a classic example of frugal innovation from India. Another famous example of frugal innovation from India, probably inspired by the fact that, in Indian villages, families of four are often seen squeezed onto a single scooter, is the Tata Nano, the world's cheapest family car. In countries like India, frugal innovation is practised not only by conglomerates like Tata, but also by the common man, leading to life hacks which are rarely sophisticated in nature. In fact, sometimes they may just be quick and dirty DIY solutions.
Sometimes they those from the developed world in order to make a point about removing elitism from innovation. Jugaad, or frugal innovation, is based on one simple rule: there is no rule. It's about doing whatever it takes to make things work your way. If the conventions do not permit this, change the conventions. If your audience does not approve of it, change your audience. If the cost is astronomical, do it on a shoestring. The bottom line is, if the solution resonates with one individual it is bound to resonate with others.
However, frugal innovation does not necessarily mean innovation that is cheap or of an inferior quality. It simply means finding a way to get the optimum efficiency by using materials economically, so that the solution or product is accessible to those it is intended for, both in terms of price as well as distribution. Frugal innovation comes from nameless villagers in remote India often with no proper means of transport.
That's why, from what I understand, Mr Anil Gupta, a professor at the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA), travels around India on foot in order to find young people who have ideas but neither the funds nor the resources to get those ideas into the wider world. Thanks to Mr Gupta's work such people are acknowledged for their inventions even though they have neither formal education nor a desire to be in the limelight.
Consider a non-stick Teflon pan. Let's say it costs about $10. Use it for a few months and the Teflon surface starts to come off. Although it's not meant to be eaten, bits of the surface will inevitably be consumed with meals. Now consider a non-stick pan made of clay, such as the one made by Mansukhbhai Prajapati. It costs less than a dollar. And, clay being a natural material, it works better than a Teflon-coated nonstick pan, and it does not end up in your stomach. So it's energy-efficient, healthier, better and much more affordable than Teflon.
Additional proof that quality does not always have to come at a huge cost. Another case in point: India does not have a healthcare insurance system provided by the government; most healthcare expenses are paid out of patients' pockets. It is the private sector players who dominate the healthcare industry in India, making quality healthcare a very effective but also a very expensive affair. This naturally means that the poor in India need frugally innovative solutions to maintain their health.
It was important to give the hope of good cardiac care to billions of people who have comparatively weak hearts, as proven by numerous medical studies. 1 Cardiologist Dr Devi Shetty started running the Narayana Hrudayalaya Heart Hospital in Bangalore with one objective in mind: to remove the association of healthcare from affluence. In his hospital at least 600 open-heart surgeries are performed every week at one-tenth of the cost of an open-heart surgery performed in the United States. Yet the mortality rate thirty days after the surgery at Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital is 1.27%, and the infection rate for a coronary artery bypass graft procedure is 1%, which is as good as that of US hospitals.
The cost of the entire procedure is one-tenth of that in the United States simply because Dr Shetty came up with a model that leveraged economies of scale. He built large hospitals and attracted many poor patients through micro-insurance schemes, a kind of insurance plan meant to protect low-income households, by having them pay much lower premiums than regular insurance schemes.
If hospitals were run like no-frills airlines, for instance, or if air conditioning was limited to operating theatres or intensive care units, or if they were run like Walmart,leading to cheaper prices for expensive things like heart valves bought in bulk, we would have a frugally innovative model like Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital. Once the doctors started adopting this model, they realised that as they operated on more patients, the results got better and the costs got lower. It is possible to innovate under all circumstances, as in case of Dr Devi Shetty, while being generous and philanthro scissors, so that they can cut pieces of cloth without having to measure them first.
They can see at a glance exactly when they have to stop cutting. And then there is a plethora of everyday examples, including sunglasses with built-in music players, the potato-powered digital clock and the chandelier made of plastic bottles. When you reduce the number of resources you have to work with, you have to think differently. There is increasing evidence that limited resources and makeshift thinking can be scaled to Western markets and to the wider world. Innovation need not always be extravagant.
For instance, General Electric made a highly affordable ECG machine for the poor in India by cleverly cutting costs. Among other things, GE produced a small printer to print bus tickets, which made the ECG machine much more affordable. But this ECG machine did not just sell in India, it also sold in ninety other countries. Speaking of democratising medical facilities, victims of accidents often cannot afford top-quality prosthetic limbs.
One temple sculptor was frustrated by this, and went on to design and make prosthetic limbs from simple materials like wood and rubber. They are available for less than $45 and are worn by at least 20,000 people every year. Of course, they may not be the most advanced prosthetic limbs in the world but they allow amputees to run, sit cross-legged and even squat.
This temple sculptor's Jugaad has led Stanford University and D-Rev to collaborate and develop a $20 prosthetic knee joint that can be assembled in less than an hour. In 2009 it was named by Time magazine as one of the fifty best inventions in the world, just another example of a liberating idea conceived under financial constraints, that has spread beyond the boundaries of India. Innovation is possible for everyone – not just the privileged and the wealthy but also the poorest of the poor, the everyman, in every developing country.
Countries like India, Brazil, China, Indonesia and Kenya. From the local honey seller Mohammed Saidullah, who created an amphibious bicycle, to Mr Markani, who created a water-fuelled car, there are thousands of small-town innovators in India who are naturally inventive but not necessarily well educated. Indeed, maybe it is this very lack of education that helps open minds towards new possibilities.
Maybe an educated mind follows too many rules, and does not ask enough questions. But an uneducated mind is lateral, simple and ridiculously audacious. Imagine the hidden creativity within so many people – people with ideas that may not change the world, but will bring about a change to their own world, which may be full of hardships and inconveniences.
The most important thing about Jugaad is that it thrives on chaos and uncertainty. India is probably the most chaotic country in the world: elephants blocking traffic; cow dung used as fuel; superstitious scientists; the power of mind over matter; more than a billion people screaming to get their voices heard in the world's largest democracy; spiritual and non-materialistic ideologies clashing with the ambition of the country to become an economic powerhouse; a rising number of small enterprises with a do or die approach to success despite all the red tape involved. Common Indian wisdom has it that nothing in the world is constant.
Hence Indians are comfortable with chaos and unpredictability, which suits their mindset of Jugaad just fine. In the future India may continue to be disorganised for a while – a terrible thing for civilised existence as understood by the Western world perhaps – but an ideal way for looking at the world upside down and coming up with new ideas that make people's lives easier.
Perhaps within this hacker mentality, this impulse to fix problems on a daily basis, lies the potential for a country to fix larger, more global problems, to scale the solutions to a bigger target audience and finally make not just their own world, but the wider world, a better place.
Ravi Deshpande is founder and chairman at Whyness Worldwide. This is an extract from Creative Social's latest book, Creative Superpowers: Equip yourself for the Age of Creativity'.


text: My husband shocked me to my core when he asked me to fuck a big black cock. I couldn't believe he would ask me to do this. Didn't he want me? He told me it was just a fantasy that he wanted to try but I said "NEVER!"I thought it was over but our relationship struggled over the next few weeks. He clearly was upset with me as I was upset with him. Why did he want this so much? I started to worry about what this would do with our relationship long term. What if he never got over this? Could I be with another man to please my husband while he watched, especially a black man? What would a big black cock feel like? The more I thought about it the more it came down to letting a complete stranger fuck me or having a strained relationship with my husband. It would only be one time and maybe I could get through it."Mike, I'll do this one time for you but that's it! I can't believe I'm agreeing to do this.""Thank you honey, I agree only one time."We talked about how to go about it and he said he would handle everything. I said I wanted to pick the guy and he said "ok honey but my fantasy is for you to be with a monster black cock. I don't want you hurt and you will be in total control on how much you can take and he would be wearing a condom. It wouldn't be the exciting if you had a black cock that was not huge, that a big part of it for me.""OK, I'll pick the biggest, it can't be that large and I've had three k**s come out of me so I'm sure I can handle it."During the time waiting for this to happen we didn't have sex because we thought it would make me hornier and more willing to fuck another man's cock. Finally, a week later my husband said he found three candidates on Craigslist that fit the bill.He showed me the first one, "Holy Shit, look at the size of that cock. I'm not sure I could take it all. How big is it?""10" long and 2" thick."He then showed me the second one, "That's a big one but the first one is bigger. If I had my way I would do this one, I might be able to get that in all the way. I can't believe how big these are, black guys are really hung.""This one is 8.5" long and 2" wide."He finally showed me the third one, "OH MY FUCKING GOD! That can't be real. There's no way anybody could be that big. I can't believe that would fit in any women let alone me. I know I said I'd pick the biggest but this is too big, let me pick the first one, it's big enough.""Honey, look at it closely, the head and the first six inches are not as thick as the rest. You could definitely get the head and about six inches in. If you're on top you can control how much you can take and it won't hurt you. Stop when it's in far enough and just fuck that part of it. It's only one time so you might as well try it once. This is the one I want you to try. You'll never get another chance to fuck a cock that is 13" long and 2.5" wide.""The only way I'll try it is if I can be on top and I'm in total charge on how far it goes in me and how hard we fuck, otherwise I'm picking the other one.""I totally agree, you'll be in complete charge. I bet you try to go more than 6" and you cum on this monster more than you ever have.""There's no way I going to enjoy this, I'll do it for you because I love you and this is what you want but there's no way I'll cum and I doubt I'll even get 6" of that monster in me."He called James right away and we decided to meet tomorrow night at the hotel. The next night we went out to dinner and didn't say too much. There was a lot of tension in the air, not knowing what to expect. I was a wreck just thinking about what was going to happen. My hands were shaking just thinking about it. We went to our room and I went in the bathroom to get prepared for the first cock other than my husband's that would enter my pussy. I stripped and sat on the toilet. I was so nervous that I was shaking. I didn't want this but it was too late to back out now. I changed into my "fuck me" lingerie. It was a satin top with matching panties and I also put on stocking with red high heels. I looked perfect for the part. There was a knock on the door and we both looked at each other and knew it was now time, I was going to be guiding a monster black cock in my pussy in a few minutes. My husband went to the door and let James in."Hi James, come in and meet Lisa."James walked in and he looked just like his picture, he was about 6'2", 220lbs and was all muscle."Hi Mike, I'm happy to be here. Hi Lisa, you're very beautiful and I love your outfit."I blushed, "Thanks James." I was acting like a nervous virgin teenage school girl."James please strip down to your boxers and get comfortable on the bed with Lisa so you can get to know each other.""Ok Mike."I watched James as he stripped, I was looking at his body and he had a great body, no doubt about it. When he took his pants off, I gasped as I stared at the cock head and a few inches of his monster cock coming out of the leg opening of his boxers. It was one thing seeing it in a picture but seeing it live was unbelievable. My pussy was bone dry and I was worried that it would wreck me when he tried to enter me."Lisa have you ever seen one this big before?""No James, it's unbelievable that it's that big.""Go ahead and touch it, it's not even hard yet." I tentatively reached out for it and touched it and then grabbed it. It was so big and it wasn't even hard yet. It felt surreal touching another man's cock while my husband taped it. It wasn't as bad as I thought it would be. "Let me take off my boxers so you can see the whole thing." I let go of it and he took off his boxers.I couldn't believe what I saw! "Oh my God it's incredible, it's huge." I reached out and grabbed it but my hand didn't even come close to wrapping around it and was completely dwarfed by his cock. I started to stroke it and I pulled him on the bed with me and now had 2 hands on it jerking it while being on my knees with my face only inches from the head."What do you think honey? Do you want some of that? Honey? Hello? Anybody home? LISA?""Oh my god, it's so big. Mike, I don't think it will fit.""It will fit honey, get him hard and let's see you ride it.""I'm trying but it not getting hard. James, what's the matter?""Lisa, I'm a bit nervous, if you suck it I'm sure that will do it.""Oh what the fuck, I'm going to let you fuck me, what's the difference if I blow you first. Let's get ready for when I get you hard so I can ride you." I stopped jerking him off and took off my panties. "James while I suck you, eat me pussy, I'm real nervous too and I'm dry, you'll rip my pussy open unless I get lubed up. When you're hard enough to penetrate me, take the KY and lube up my pussy. I'll put the condom on you and lube you up and then I'll ride as much of you as I can."I moved around until I was on top of him, my pussy right above his face and then I started to lick his cock. It wasn't as bad as I thought it would be. It started to leak a load of precum while I licked the cock head so I licked it all up. He grabbed my ass and pulled my pussy down near his mouth. James started to lick me from my asshole to the top of my clit. I loved what he was doing to me down there and totally lost control and now wanted to do whatever James wanted. I opened my mouth as wide as I could and put the head of his cock in and started to suck on it. It smelled and tasted musky but it wasn't too bad. I put a few more inches in until it hit my throat and then started to bop up and down on it. It finally began to grow and get wider and harder. My lips were now stretched to the breaking point but I kept on going up and down on that monster. I wanted to try and get his cock in my throat and have him fill my belly with his cum. I put his cock head against my throat and took a big breath through my nose and then pushed my head down until I finally felt his cock pop into my throat.My husband groaned "Holy shit honey, I can see his cock in your throat".I kept on pushing until my mouth was at the end of his cock and the beginning of his ball sac. I had taken all of him. My lips and jaw were killing me but I had done it. His cock head must be somewhere near the opening of my stomach. I suddenly felt like I was going to throw up so I quickly pulled the monster out and drooled out a ton of saliva all over his massive cock. He was now hard as steel and was ready to penetrate me. I quickly opened the condom and tried put it on his cock."James, lube my pussy up while I get you ready."I couldn't get the condom on because it was too small."James, Mike THE CONDOM WON'T FIT, IT IS TOO SMALL!"I suddenly groaned when I felt two of his lubed up fingers entering me. It felt as big as my husband's cock.I kept on trying to put on the condom but it just wasn't going on.James kept on pushing more KY into me and now had three fingers in me up to his knuckles. I was so horny for his monster cock and needed it in me now."James, Mike, the condom won't go on. What should we do?"My husband replied, "it's up to you honey, he gave us proof the he's disease free but you're not on birth control.""James, let me put some KY on your cock and then you can fuck me without a condom but don't cum in me, only my husband can do that. I'm in the middle of my cycle and will get pregnant if you cum in me."James replies "OK Lisa, I'll pull out before I cum, I promise."I was so horny now that I was willing to take a chance to get knocked up by a stranger with a monster black cock. I could see that he was leaking precum already and I knew that even if he pulled out in time, I would probably have more cum in me than I normally do when my husband cums in me.I lubed up his cock with KY and we were now ready to fuck. I turned around on top of James until my pussy was over his cock. I looked behind me and saw my husband getting behind us with the video cam. I was actually excited to put another man's cock in my pussy and fuck it while my husband taped it. I grabbed his monster cock and lowered myself over it until the head was touching my pussy lips. I rubbed it up and down and finally put in against my hole and pushed down on it. The head slowly went in followed by 3" of that monster cock. The only sound was a "glisst" sound caused by my lubricated pussy lips being stretched to the breaking point around that lubed up monster cock."Oh my God it's huge, oh my god, oh."I never felt anything like that before in my pussy, it was a full feeling, a very intense pressure and I wasn't sure if I felt pain or pleasure but I wanted it to last forever. I knew right away that I hooked on big cocks forever. Only woman who have fucked very large cocks know what I'm talking about. It's like a d**g addicts first time.Now I started to pull back off it and my pussy felt like it was being pulled out. I pulled back until only the tip was in and then pushed back down until I had taken an additional fraction of an inch of his cock. I kept this up for about 10 minutes until I had taken about half of his 13" monster in me. This cock now had me quivering all over. I could feel a deep tingling in my pussy and I suddenly felt the biggest orgasm of my life begin."Oh my god James it feels so good. Oh, Oh, Oh I cumming. OHHHHHHHHH."I finally came down from my orgasm."Oh Mike you were right about me loving it. I need more of it in me."I started going up and down on it again going a little deeper each time. I had now taken about 9" but it had taken an additional 15 minutes and I was getting tired. I could feel that his cock had reached the end of my pussy."Oh my god how much do I have left?""About 4" hon.""James, I need a rest, turn me over and fuck me.""OK Lisa."James pulled me over on my back with him on top of me while keeping his cock inside me. I put my legs on his shoulders and put my hands all over his ass."Lisa honey, you're doing great honey, relax, and the last part of it will go in easier."His cock was now ¾ of the way and had reached the end of my pussy but it was the girth that was giving me a problem. My cunt was stretched around his cock as tight as possible."James, your cock can't go in any more, it's reached the end of my pussy."We were quiet again and lay still for a few minutes and James and I starting french kissing and he started to suck on my nipples which made me start to cum again."OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH! OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH! OH MY GOD! CUMMING AGAIN! AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH! FUCKING HUGE COCK, TIGHT CUNT, MY CUNT TIGHT, OHHHHHHHHHHHHHH! OH MY GOD!"James tried pushing deeper again."NO JAMES! NOOOO! It hurts too much, you've reached the end. PLEASE STOP! OH! OH MY GOD! HOLY SHIT! Slow, go slow, ohhhhhh, it's getting better now."James kept on pushing and it hurt real bad, he clearly had pushed to the end of my pussy when I finally felt something give way inside me and his cock suddenly was all the way in. It was unbelievable that I had taken this cock all the way in. It had taken 35 minutes to get it all the way in. I figured his cock had actually penetrated my cervix into my womb. I had an incompetent cervix during my pregnancies but I guess it was also open when I wasn't pregnant. This allowed his cock head and about 2" of his cock to penetrate through my cervix into my womb."Lisa, I'm all the way in. Did you feel something open up that allowed me to go all the way in?""Yes James, something snapped in my pussy, I think you broke through my cervix and you cock is in my womb.""Does it feel good? Do you love my big black cock lodged all the way in you?""Oh yes I love it."His cock felt like no other I've ever had in me. I never felt so full and my pussy was constantly cumming on his monster cock. I would do anything to keep this feeling going. I reached down to my stomach and felt the bulge of his cock head above my belly button. If he leaked any cum in me or didn't pull out in time I would definitely get pregnant since I was probably ovulating today.James now started to try and pull it out but I stopped him with a scream."James! Stop! It hurts! STOP!"He stopped and said "Lisa, what's wrong?""I don't know James, I think your cock is stuck in my womb and the head won't go back out through my cervix without causing pain. I'm not sure you can even pull it out until you're not hard anymore."My husband finally spoke up, "Lisa, if he can't pull out, he'll cum in you and you'll get pregnant.""Mike, I don't know what to do. His cock head has swollen up and he can't pull out without hurting me. It's just like a dog's cock."I felt his cock spasm a few times in me. "James! Stop! Don't do that or you'll cum in me.""Lisa, I can't help it, all this talk about getting you pregnant is putting me over the edge. I think I just shot a little bit of cum in you but I stopped before it all came out.""OK James, I want us to be still and maybe you're hard on will go down enough so you can pull it out of my womb.""OK Lisa, I'll try."Now everybody knows when you're not supposed to do something, the opposite always happens. I was trying to hold still and not have my pussy contract on his cock when I suddenly felt my cunt tighten up like never before."OHHHHH MY GOD! I can't control it. I'm cumming!" My cunt started to contract and I started to move my hips and pull on his ass to get him in deeper.James started to pound me, really pressing into me all the way as hard as he could while only pulling back and inch or two each time so he could pound me hard."OH YEAH! That's it. Oh my God that's it. OHHHHHHHHHHHHHH! CUMMING AGAIN!I screamed and came again. We just kept on fucking and the pace had picked up now and I was fucking back hard. My hands were on his ass pulling him in hard. I started to kiss James again, frenching him while lifting my pelvis to allow him maximum penetration. We were locked together with our lips and at the groin. I felt James' cock swell even more inside me and I knew he was about to cum. If he came now I would be knocked up for sure."James, noooooo, stop, don't cum inside me, pleeeease! Pull it out!"He tried to pull it out but it was stuck and I started to scream in pain. I finally felt him start to spasm in me and felt his cum shooting inside my womb."OH LISA! OH LISA! I'M CUMMING HONEY! I'M CUMMING IN YOUR SWEET TIGHT CUNT."He jammed his cock in and shot load after load in my pussy while I pulled on him to get in deeper."OH James, that's it baby, cum in my pussy. I can feel your cock cumming, it's so hot."He shot load after load in me, he came for over a minute and after that we stayed coupled for a long while and I was rubbing him all over.My husband finally spoke up "How was it honey?""It was great; I can't believe I got the whole thing in me. Mike, it's unbelievable, did you see how many times I came; I've never done that before."We kept on kissing and touching each other and finally James started getting hard again and started moving his hips again. Shit, he was already hard again.My husband said "James maybe you should stop since you came in her."I didn't want James to pull out of my cunt even for a second, "let him fuck me again honey, I'm sure it will be fine."James and I started to fuck again. We fucked hard for about 30 minutes and I came many times and James finally dumped another load in my womb. We stayed still for about 5 minutes until he finally pulled out and some of his cum poured out of me."James, look at all of your cum in me.""Honey we need to get his cum out of you, you'll get pregnant."I ignored him while lifted my pelvis up so his cum wouldn't leak out of me."Honey, get a cup from the bathroom, quick!My husband quickly handed me the cup and I put it up to my pussy and squatted on the bed. His cum poured out of me and didn't stop until the Dixie cup was half filled. I knew I had at least that much still in my womb and now all that sperm was swimming for my egg. I pulled the cup away from my pussy."Do you guys want me to drink it?"They both said "YES!"I brought the cup to my lips and I could see this wasn't going to be easy. I've tasted lots of cum before but never this much and I could see it was thick. I started to drink it down while staring into James eyes; I never would normally do this but I was so horny and I wanted to let James know that I was his sex slave forever."James when you ready again you can fuck me again since I already have your cum in me.""OK sweetie, I think I'm ready again.""NO! You can't let him cum in you any more, you'll get pregnant.""Honey, trust me when I say that it's too late, he shot so much cum in me that I'm definitely going to get pregnant by him. I'm going to enjoy riding him again, feeling his cum shooting deep inside me and we'll worry about the pregnancy later.We fucked all night long with James never having to pull out because his cock was so big even when it was flaccid. It's an amazing feeling to have a cock in you when it's not hard. It's real comfortable but still has all the benefits of a cock in your pussy. James must have dumped 6+ loads of cum in me before we fell asleep with his cock still in me. I woke up to him fucking me again. He finally finished and pulled his cock out of my now sore pussy. His cock had been in me for lord knows how many hours straight. My pussy looked like raw meat; it was wide open, raw and red. It was completely filled with cum and I was careful not to spill any."Mike, do you see what James has done to me? I can't believe all his cum that's in my pussy. Thank you for talking me into this, it was the greatest sex I ever had."I waited for a while until all of his cum drained into my womb. My belly had a real full feeling and was slightly swollen from all his cum in my womb.It was finally time to leave the room but James and I were having a hard time letting go of each other. I was kissing James and he was mauling me."Honey, could you get my makeup bag, I left it in the bathroom."While he was out of sight I quickly exchanged cell phone numbers with James so we could get together as soon as possible without my husband around. I wanted to fuck my lover without him watching."Time to go honey, it's checkout time." He pulled me away from James and we walked out of the room but my I was looking back at James with that look of a woman who has given herself to him. I looked down at my crotch and there was a huge wet spot from all his cum that was draining out of me."It looks like you enjoyed James. Maybe we could do this again sometime?""I'll fuck him anytime you want sweetie."


text:
|"email@example.com" <email@example.com>
|Re: Re: 8259 spurious interrupt (IRQ1,IRQ7,IRQ12..)
|Zhang Fuxin <email@example.com>
|Wed, 19 Sep 2001 16:37:35 +0800
hi,Jun Sun, 在 2001-09-18 10:09:00 you wrote: >Zhang Fuxin wrote: >> >> hi,all >> I have finally been able to get a copy of sgi cvs code:).Now I have >> changed my p6032 code to use new[time,pci,irq] code and it seems a >> lot cleaner.But still problems. > >Cool. Very glad to hear that. Thank you for encourage:). I am new to mips and kernel programming,the code may still look very dirty for your eyes.But i will try my best. > >> I keep seeing spurious interrupt when starting xwindows.And >> sometimes without x. If the machine is doing heavy io(e.g.,unzip & >> untar mozilla source) when I startx,it will probably enter an >> endless loop of spurious interrupt or lead to unaligned instruction >> access shortly after(with epc=0x1,ra=0x1) and die. >> I have seen spurious IRQ1,IRQ7 and IRQ12,and the endless loop case >> is IRQ12--ps2 mouse interrupt. >> Can somebody give me a clue? What I know is that 8259 may generate >> spurious IRQ7 & IRQ15. But how can the others happen,buggy hw?And >> what may cause a kernel unaligned instruction access? > >Are you using arch/mips/i8259.c file? Yes. > >One possibility is your irq dispatching code. If it loops to deliver all >pending interrupts, what you described may happen (assuming there is a real >hardware connecting to those irq sources). I have checked the p6032 manual.It says it has an intel FW82371AB("PIIX 4") south bridge chip,a National Semiconductor PC97307-ICE/VUL multi I/O controller which includes dual serial ports and rtc,PC mouse/keyb etc,connect to the PIIX 4. My irq dispatching code is very simple,it just read the IRR,count the first irq number and call do_IRQ. /* * the first level int-handler will jump here if it is a 8259A irq */ asmlinkage void i8259A_irqdispatch(struct pt_regs *regs) { int isr, irq; isr = inb(0x20); irq = ffz (~isr); if (irq == 2) { isr = inb(0xa0); irq = 8 + ffz(~isr); } do_IRQ(irq,regs); } > >> >> My hw is p6032 rev.B eval board with idtRC64474 cpu. >> >> BTW,is that current code has no support for different PCI & CPU >> address space?In p6032 default setting,PCI memory address 0 is >> CPU physical address 0x10000000,and main memory is 0-0x10000000 >> for CPU,but 0x80000000-0x90000000 for pci. So I have to change >> ioremap,virt_to_bus & bus_to_virt. I think this problem should >> exist in many nonpc hw,could you point me a clean way? >> > >For now, we do assume PCI memeory space is identical to physical address >space. To remove the restriction cleanly is not a small task. > >It is typically much easier to modify PCI device BARS so that they do coincide >with the same physical address. You can control that by using the correct >starting address for PCI MEM space in pci_auto.c resource assignment. It seems a good way to solve the ioremap problem and X problem.But virt_to_bus & bus_to_virt problem remains? Thank you very much. > >Jun Regards Zhang Fuxin firstname.lastname@example.com
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Downloads & Press reviews
B.Sc. in Sustainable Systems Engineering (pdf, in German) (March 2018)
M.Sc. in Sustainable Systems Engineering (pdf) (February 2019)
Press reviews
- Radio report by uniCROSS about the new Bachelor degree program Sustainable Systems Engineering (21 August 2018)
- Uni'Alumni 2018 magazine's cover story is about our department INATECH. The article and magazine are available here. (January 2018)
- Badische Zeitung: Im Sinne der Nachhaltigkeit (07.12.2017)
- Bundesverband Deutscher Stiftungen: "Zweimal eine Million Euro: Eva Mayr-Stihl Stiftung fördert Forschung am Institut für Nachhaltige Technische Systeme der Universität Freiburg" (December 2017)
- Uni'Leben reported about the Master Program SSE. The article (p.7) and magazine are available here. (January 2017)
- Green City Freiburg reported in their brochure "Wege zur Nachhaltigkeit" (paths towards sustainability) about "the sustainable University" of Freiburg including INATECH and the Master Program SSE. (December 2016)
- Article about the foundation of the Department: "New Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering" (21.10.2015)
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AR.Drone – user upload (video summary)
This video has been uploaded to The-Parrot-ARDrone.com by user duker10020421. Here is a summary of the video in their own words:
This might just be one of the coolest toys I have ever played with, the Parrot AR Drone. Today the b2cloud team endeavored to find a couple of these cool toys. A self stabilising aircraft (thanks to sonar and cameras) with a built in front camera, controlled with the iPhone or iPad. Check out the review at b2cloud.com.au or at appaddict.net
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Drone Captain – an iPhone, iPad and iPod touch app for the Parrot AR.drone