text:
Porcupine is a self-service, highly-accurate, and lightweight wake word detection engine. It enables developers to build always-listening voice-enabled applications/platforms. Porcupine is
* self-service. Developers are empowered to choose any wake word and build its model within seconds. * using deep neural networks trained in real-world situations (i.e. noise and reverberation). * compact and computationally-efficient making it suitable for IoT applications. * cross-platform. It is implemented in pure ANSI C. Currently Raspberry Pi, Android, iOS, Linux, and Mac are supported.
Porcupine alternatives and similar libraries
Based on the "Machine Learning" category
Apache Spark9.9 9.9 Porcupine VS Apache SparkData analytics cluster computing framework.
Apache Flink9.7 10.0 L2 Porcupine VS Apache FlinkFast and reliable large-scale data processing engine.
Apache Hadoop9.7 9.7 L1 Porcupine VS Apache HadoopStorage and large-scale processing of data-sets on clusters of commodity hardware.
Deeplearning4j9.6 9.2 L1 Porcupine VS Deeplearning4jDistributed and multi-threaded deep learning library.
Smile8.6 9.4 L2 Porcupine VS SmileThe Statistical Machine Intelligence and Learning Engine provides a set of machine learning algorithms and a visualization library.
Apache Mahout8.0 8.1 L3 Porcupine VS Apache MahoutScalable algorithms focused on collaborative filtering, clustering and classification.
DeepDive7.5 0.0 Porcupine VS DeepDiveCreates structured information from unstructured data and integrates it into an existing database.
Oryx 27.3 2.9 L4 Porcupine VS Oryx 2A framework for building real-time large scale machine learning applications, which also includes end-to-end applications for collaborative filtering, classification, regression, and clustering.
H2O6.6 9.6 Porcupine VS H2OAnalytics engine for statistics over big data.
DatumBox6.5 4.3 L3 Porcupine VS DatumBoxProvides several algorithms and pre-trained models for natural language processing.
Deep Java Library (DJL)An Engine-Agnostic Deep Learning Framework in Java
JSAT5.7 4.0 L2 Porcupine VS JSATAlgorithms for pre-processing, classification, regression, and clustering with support for multi-threaded execution.
Weka4.9 0.0 Porcupine VS WekaCollection of algorithms for data mining tasks ranging from pre-processing to visualization.
Scout APM: Application Performance Monitoring
* Code Quality Rankings and insights are calculated and provided by Lumnify.
They vary from L1 to L5 with "L5" being the highest. Visit our partner's website for more details.
Do you think we are missing an alternative of Porcupine or a related project?
Made in Vancouver, Canada by Picovoice
Porcupine is a highly-accurate and lightweight wake word engine. It enables building always-listening voice-enabled applications. It is
- using deep neural networks trained in real-world environments.
- compact and computationally-efficient making it perfect for IoT.
- cross-platform. It is implemented in fixed-point ANSI C. Raspberry Pi (all variants), Beagle Bone, Android, iOS, watchOS, Linux (x86_64), Mac (x86_64), Windows (x86_64), and web browsers are supported. Furthermore, Support for various ARM Cortex-A microprocessors and ARM Cortex-M microcontrollers is available for enterprise customers.
- scalable. It can detect multiple always-listening voice commands with no added CPU/memory footprint.
- self-service. Developers can train custom wake phrases using Picovoice Console.
Table of Contents
- Porcupine
This repository is licensed under Apache 2.0 which allows running the engine on all supported platforms (except microcontrollers) using a set of freely-available models. You may create custom wake-word models using Picovoice Console for non-commercial and personal use free of charge. The free-tier only allows model training for x86_64 (Linux, Mac, and Windows).
Custom wake-words for other platforms are only provided with the purchase of the Picovoice enterprise license. To enquire about the Picovoice development and commercial license terms and fees, contact Picovoice.
Use Cases
Porcupine is the right product if you need to detect one or a few simple voice commands. Voice activation (wake word detection), music control (e.g. volume up/down, play next/last), and voice navigation are a few examples.
- If you need to understand complex and naturally-spoken voice commands within a specific domain, check out Rhino.
- If you need open-domain transcription, checkout Leopard.
- If you need open-domain transcription with real-time feedback (i.e. partial results), checkout Cheetah.
Try It Out
Porcupine and Rhino on an ARM Cortex-M7
- Porcupine and Rhino on an ARM Cortex-M4
A comparison between accuracy and runtime metrics of Porcupine and two other widely-used libraries, PocketSphinx and Snowboy, is provided here. Compared to the best-performing engine of these two, Porcupine's standard model is 5.4 times more accurate and 6.5 times faster (on Raspberry Pi 3).
Model Variants
The library in this repository is the standard trim of the engine. The standard trim is suitable for applications running on microprocessors (e.g. Raspberry Pi and BeagleBone) and mobile devices (Android and iOS). Picovoice has developed several trims of the engine targeted at a wide range of applications. These are only available to enterprise customers.
Structure of Repository
Porcupine is shipped as an ANSI C precompiled library. The binary files for supported platforms are located under lib and header files are at include. Bindings are available at binding to facilitate usage from higher-level languages. Demo applications are located at demo. Finally, resources is a placeholder for data used by various applications within the repository.
Running Demo Applications
Python Demos
Install PyAudio and then the demo package
sudo pip3 install pvporcupinedemo
With a working microphone connected to your device run the following in the terminal
porcupine_demo_mic --keywords porcupine
The engine starts processing the audio input from the microphone in realtime and outputs to the terminal when it detects utterances of wake-word "porcupine".
In order to process audio files (e.g. WAV) run
porcupine_demo_file --input_audio_path ${PATH_TO_AN_AUDIO_FILE} --keywords bumblebee
Then the engine scans the given audio file for occurrences of keyword "bumblebee". For more information about Python demos go to demo/python.
Android Demos
Using Android Studio, open demo/android/Activity as an Android project and then run the application. You will need an Android device (with developer options enabled) connected to your machine.
In order to learn about how to use Porcupine in long running services go to demo/android/Service.
iOS Demos
Using Xcode, open demo/ios/PorcupineDemoNoWatch.xcodeproj and run the application. You will need an iOS device connected to your machine and a valid Apple developer account.
JavaScript Demos
You need
yarn or
npm installed first. Install the demo dependencies by executing either of the following sets of
yarn or
npm commands from
yarn copy
yarn start
npm install
npm install -g copy-files-from-to
npx serve
Web Browser
The last command will launch a local server running the demo. Open http://localhost:5000 in your web browser and follow the instructions on the page.
C Demos
This demo runs on Linux-based systems (e.g. Ubuntu, Raspberry Pi, and BeagleBone) and
Mac. You need
GCC and
ALSA installed to compile it. Compile the demo using
gcc -O3 -o demo/c/porcupine_demo_mic -I include/ demo/c/porcupine_demo_mic.c -ldl -lasound -std=c99
Find the name of audio input device (microphone) on your computer using
arecord -L. Finally execute the following
demo/c/porcupine_demo_mic ${LIBRARY_PATH} lib/common/porcupine_params.pv \
resources/keyword_files/${SYSTEM}/porcupine_${SYSTEM}.ppn 0.5 ${INPUT_AUDIO_DEVICE}
${LIBRARY_PATH} with path to appropriate library available under lib,
${SYSTEM} with the
name of the operating system on your machine (e.g. linux, mac, windows, or raspberry-pi), and
${INPUT_AUDIO_DEVICE} with
the name of your microphone device. The demo opens an audio stream and detects utterances of keyword "porcupine".
In order to learn more about file-based C demo go to demo/c.
Below are code snippets showcasing how Porcupine can be integrated into different applications.
Install the Python SDK
pip3 install pvporcupine
The SDK exposes a factory method to create instances of the engine as below
import pvporcupine
handle = pvporcupine.create(keywords=['picovoice', 'bumblebee'])
keywords argument is a shorthand for accessing default keyword files shipped with the library. The default keyword
files available can be retrieved via
import pvporcupine
If you wish to use a non-default keyword file you need to identify its path as below
import pvporcupine
handle = pvporcupine.create(keyword_paths=['path/to/non/default/keyword/file'])
When initialized, valid sample rate can be obtained using
handle.sample_rate. Expected frame length
(number of audio samples in an input array) is
handle.frame_length. The object can be used to monitor
incoming audio as below.
def get_next_audio_frame():
while True:
keyword_index = handle.process(get_next_audio_frame())
if keyword_index >= 0:
# detection event logic/callback
Finally, when done be sure to explicitly release the resources
There are two possibilities for integrating Porcupine into an Android application.
Low-Level API
Porcupine provides a binding for Android using JNI. It can be initialized using.
final String modelFilePath = ... // It is available at lib/common/porcupine_params.pv
final String keywordFilePath = ...
final float sensitivity = 0.5f;
Porcupine porcupine = new Porcupine(modelFilePath, keywordFilePath, sensitivity);
Sensitivity is the parameter that enables developers to trade miss rate for false alarm. It is a floating number within [0, 1]. A higher sensitivity reduces miss rate at cost of increased false alarm rate.
Once initialized,
porcupine can be used to monitor incoming audio.
private short[] getNextAudioFrame();
while (true) {
final boolean result = porcupine.process(getNextAudioFrame());
if (result) {
// detection event logic/callback
Finally, be sure to explicitly release resources acquired by porcupine as the binding class does not rely on the garbage collector for releasing native resources.
High-Level API
[PorcupineManager](binding/android/PorcupineManager/app/src/main/java/ai/picovoice/porcupinemanager/PorcupineManager.java) provides a high-level API for integrating Porcupine into Android applications. It manages all activities related to creating an input audio stream, feeding it into the Porcupine library, and invoking a user-provided detection callback. The class can be initialized as below.
final String modelFilePath = ... // It is available at lib/common/porcupine_params.pv
final String keywordFilePath = ...
final float sensitivity = 0.5f;
PorcupineManager manager = new PorcupineManager(
new KeywordCallback() {
public void run() {
// detection event logic/callback
Sensitivity is the parameter that enables developers to trade miss rate for false alarm. It is a floating number within [0, 1]. A higher sensitivity reduces miss rate at cost of increased false alarm rate.
When initialized, input audio can be monitored using
manager.start(). When done be sure to stop the manager using
There are two approaches for integrating Porcupine into an iOS application.
Porcupine is shipped as a precompiled ANSI C library and can directly be used in Swift using module maps. It can be initialized to detect multiple wake words concurrently using:
let modelFilePath: String = ... // It is available at lib/common/porcupine_params.pv
let keywordFilePaths: [String] = ["path/to/keyword/1", "path/to/keyword/2", ...]
let sensitivities: [Float] = [0.3, 0.7, ...];
var handle: OpaquePointer?
let status = pv_porcupine_init(
Int32(keywordFilePaths.count), // Number of different keywords to monitor for
keywordFilePaths.map{ UnsafePointer(strdup($0)) },
if status != PV_STATUS_SUCCESS {
// error handling logic
handle can be used to monitor incoming audio stream.
func getNextAudioFrame() -> UnsafeMutablePointer<Int16> {
while true {
let pcm = getNextAudioFrame()
var keyword_index: Int32 = -1
let status = pv_porcupine_process(handle, pcm, &keyword_index)
if status != PV_STATUS_SUCCESS {
// error handling logic
if keyword_index >= 0 {
// detection event logic/callback
When finished, release the resources via
The PorcupineManager class manages all activities related to creating an input audio stream, feeding it into Porcupine's library, and invoking a user-provided detection callback. The class can be initialized as below:
let modelFilePath: String = ... // It is available at lib/common/porcupine_params.pv
let keywordCallback: ((WakeWordConfiguration) -> Void) = {
// detection event callback
let wakeWordConfiguration1 = WakeWordConfiguration(
name: "1",
filePath: "path/to/keyword/1",
sensitivity: 0.5)
let wakewordConfiguration2 = WakeWordConfiguration(
name: "2",
filePath: "path/to/keyword/2",
sensitivity: 0.7)
let configurations = [ wakeWordConfiguration1, wakewordConfiguration2 ]
let manager = try PorcupineManager(
modelFilePath: modelFilePath,
wakeKeywordConfigurations: configurations,
onDetection: keywordCallback)
When initialized, input audio can be monitored using
manager.startListening(). When done be sure to stop the manager using
Instantiate a new instance of engine using the factory method:
let keywordModels = [new Uint8Array([...]), ...];
let sensitivities = new Float32Array([0.5, ...]);
let handle = Porcupine.create(keywordModels, sensitivities)
When instantiated,
handle can process audio via its
.process method.
let getNextAudioFrame = function() {
while (true) {
let keywordIndex = handle.process(getNextAudioFrame());
if (keywordIndex !== -1) {
// detection event callback
When done be sure to release resources acquired by WebAssembly using
Porcupine is available for NodeJS via the
@picovoice/porcupine-node NPM package. See binding/nodejs for the source.
Use yarn or npm to install:
yarn add @picovoice/porcupine-node
Create instances of the Porcupine class by specifying which keywords you want it to listen for, and at which respective sensitivities:
const Porcupine = require("@picovoice/porcupine-node");
const {
} = require("@picovoice/porcupine-node/builtin_keywords");
let handle = new Porcupine([GRASSHOPPER, BUMBLEBEE], [0.5, 0.65]);
When instantiated,
handle can process audio via its
.process method.
let getNextAudioFrame = function() {
while (true) {
let keywordIndex = handle.process(getNextAudioFrame());
if (keywordIndex !== -1) {
// detection event callback
When done be sure to release resources acquired by WebAssembly using
Porcupine is implemented in ANSI C and therefore can be directly linked to C applications. include/pv_porcupine.h header file contains relevant information. An instance of Porcupine object can be constructed as follows.
const char *model_file_path = ... // The file is available at lib/common/porcupine_params.pv
const char *keyword_file_path = ...
const float sensitivity = 0.5f;
pv_porcupine_t *handle;
const pv_status_t status = pv_porcupine_init(
if (status != PV_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
// error handling logic
Sensitivity is the parameter that enables developers to trade miss rate for false alarm. It is a floating-point number within [0, 1]. A higher sensitivity reduces miss rate (false reject rate) at cost of increased false alarm rate.
Now the
handle can be used to monitor incoming audio stream. Porcupine accepts single channel, 16-bit PCM audio.
The sample rate can be retrieved using
pv_sample_rate(). Finally, Porcupine accepts input audio in consecutive chunks
(aka frames) the length of each frame can be retrieved using
extern const int16_t *get_next_audio_frame(void);
while (true) {
const int16_t *pcm = get_next_audio_frame();
int32_t keyword_index;
const pv_status_t status = pv_porcupine_process(handle, pcm, &keyword_index);
if (status != PV_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
// error handling logic
if (keyword_index != -1) {
// detection event logic/callback
Finally, when done be sure to release the acquired resources.
v1.8.0 - May 27th, 2020
- Improved accuracy.
- Runtime optimization.
v1.7.0 - Feb 13th, 2020
- Improved accuracy.
- Runtime optimization.
- Added support for Raspberry Pi 4.
- Added service-based Android demo application.
- Added C demo applications.
- Updated documentation.
v1.6.0 - April 25th, 2019
- Improved accuracy across all models.
- Runtime optimization across all models
- Added support for Beagle Bone
- iOS build can run on simulator now.
v1.5.0 - November 13, 2018
- Improved optimizer's accuracy.
- Runtime optimization.
- Added support for running within web browsers (WebAssembly).
v1.4.0 - July 20, 2018
- Improved accuracy across all models (specifically compressed variant).
- Runtime optimizations.
- Updated documentation.
v1.3.0 - June 19, 2018
- Added compressed model (200 KB) for deeply-embedded platforms.
- Improved accuracy.
- Runtime optimizations and bug fixes.
v1.2.0 - April 21, 2018
- Runtime optimizations across platforms.
- Added support for watchOS.
v1.1.0 - April 11, 2018
- Added multiple command detection capability. Porcupine can now detect multiple commands with virtually no added CPU/memory footprint.
v1.0.0 - March 13, 2018
- Initial release.
[Q] Which Picovoice speech product should I use?
[A] If you need to recognize a single phrase or a number of predefined phrases (dozens or fewer), in an always-listening fashion, then you should use Porcupine (wake word engine). If you need to recognize complex voice commands within a confined and well-defined domain with limited number of vocabulary and variations of spoken forms (1000s or fewer), then you should use Rhino (speech-to-intent engine). If you need to transcribe free-form speech in an open domain, then you should use Cheetah (speech-to-text engine).
[Q] What are the benefits of implementing voice interfaces on-device, instead of using cloud services?
[A] Privacy, minimal latency, improved reliability, runtime efficiency, and cost savings, to name a few. More detail is available here.
[Q] Does Picovoice technology work in far-field applications?
[A] It depends on many factors including the distance, ambient noise level, reverberation (echo), quality of microphone, and audio frontend used (if any). It is recommended to try out our technology using the freely-available sample models in your environment. Additionally, we often publish open-source benchmarks of our technology in noisy environments 1 2 3. If the target environment is noisy and/or reverberant and the user is few meters away from the microphone, a multi-microphone audio frontend can be beneficial.
[Q] Does Picovoice software work in my target environment and noise conditions?
[A] It depends on variety of factors. You should test it out yourself with the free samples made available on Picovoice GitHub pages. If it does not work, we can fine-tune it for your target environment.
[Q] Does Picovoice software work in presence of noise and reverberation?
[A] Picovoice software is designed to function robustly in presence of noise and reverberations. We have benchmarked and published the performance results under various noisy conditions 1 2 3. The end-to-end performance depends on the type and amount of noise and reverberation. We highly recommend testing out the software using freely-available models in your target environment and application.
[Q] Can I use Picovoice software for telephony applications?
[A] We expect audio with 16000Hz sampling rate. PSTN networks usually sample at 8000Hz. It is possible to upsample, but then the frequency content above 4000Hz is missing and performance will be suboptimal. It is possible to train acoustic models for telephony applications, if the commercial opportunity is justified.
[Q] My audio source is 48kHz/44.1KHz. Does Picovoice software support that?
[A] Picovoice software expects a 16000Hz sampling rate. You will need to resample (downsample). Typically, operating systems or sound cards (Audio codecs) provide such functionality; otherwise, you will need to implement it.
[Q] Can Picovoice help with building my voice enabled product?
[A] Our core business is software licensing. That being said, we do have a wide variety of expertise internally in voice, software, and hardware. We consider such requests on a case-by-case basis and assist clients who can guarantee a certain minimum licensing volume.
[Q] If I am using GitHub to evaluate the software, do you provide technical support?
[A] Prior to commercial engagement, basic support solely pertaining to software issues or bugs is provided via GitHub issues by the open-source community or a member of our team. We do not offer any free support with integration or support with any platform (operating system or hardware) that is not officially supported via GitHub.
[Q] Why does Picovoice have GitHub repositories?
[A] To facilitate performance evaluation, for commercial prospects, and to enable the open source community to use the technology for personal and non-commercial applications.
[Q] What is the engagement process?
[A] You may use what is available on GitHub while respecting its governing license terms, without engaging with us. This facilitates initial performance evaluation. Subsequently, you may acquire a development license to get access to custom speech models or use the software for development and internal evaluation within a company; the development license is for building a proof-of-concept or prototype. When ready to commercialize your product, you need to acquire a commercial license.
[Q] Does Picovoice offer AEC, VAD, noise suppression, or microphone array beamforming?
[A] No. But we do have partners who provide such algorithms. Please add this to your inquiry when reaching out and we can help to connect you.
[Q] Can you build a voice-enabled app for me?
[A] We do not provide software development services, so most likely the answer is no. However, via a professional services agreement we can help with proofs-of-concept (these will typically be rudimentary apps focused on voice user interface or building the audio pipeline), evaluations on a specific domain/task, integration of SDKs in your app, training of custom acoustic and language models, and porting to custom hardware platforms.
[Q] How do I evaluate Porcupine software performance?
[A] We have benchmarked the performance of Porcupine software rigorously and published the results here. We have also open-sourced the code and audio files used for benchmarking on the same repository to make it possible to reproduce the results. You can also use the code with your own audio files (noise sources collected from your target environment or utterances of your own wake word) to benchmark the performance. Additionally, we have made a set of sample wake words freely available on this GitHub repository on all platforms to facilitate evaluation, testing, and integration.
[Q] Can Porcupine wake word detection software detect non-English keywords?
[A] It depends. If English speakers can easily pronounce the non-English wake word, then we can most likely generate it for you. We recommend sending us a few audio samples including the utterance of the requested wake word so that our engineering team can review and provide feedback on feasibility.
[Q] What is Porcupine's wake word detection accuracy?
[A] We have extensive benchmarking on Porcupine performance compared accuracy against alternatives, and published the result here. Porcupine can achieve 91%+ accuracy (detection rate) with less than 1 false alarm in 10 hours in the presence of ambient noise with 10dB SNR at microphone level.
[Q] Can Porcupine detect the wake word if the speaker is yelling/shouting in anger, excitement, or pain?
[A] Porcupine does not have a profile to recognize emotionally-coloured utterances such as yelling, dragging, mumbling, etc. We do require the speaker to somewhat clearly vocalize the phrase.
[Q] Does Porcupine's detection accuracy depend on the choice of wake word?
[A] Generally speaking yes, however it is difficult to quantify the cause-and-effect accurately. We have published a guide here to help you pick a wake word that would achieve optimal performance. You will need to avoid using short phrases, and make sure your wake word includes diverse sounds and at least six phonemes. Long phrases are also not recommended due to the poor user experience.
[Q] Is there a guideline for picking a wake word?
[A] We have published a guide here to help you pick a wake word that would achieve optimal performance.
[Q] How much CPU and memory does Picovoice wake word detection software consume?
[A] We offer several trims for our wake word detection model. The standard model, which is recommended on most platforms, uses roughly 1.5MB of readonly memory (ROM / FLASH) and 5% of a single core on a Raspberry Pi 3.
[Q] What should I set the sensitivity value to?
[A] You should pick a sensitivity parameter that suits your application requirements. A higher sensitivity value gives a lower miss rate at the expense of higher false alarm rate. If your application places tighter requirements on false alarms, but can tolerate misses, then you should lower the sensitivity value.
[Q] What is an ROC curve?
[A] The accuracy of a binary classifier (any decision-making algorithm with a "yes" or "no" output) can be measured by two parameters: false rejection rate (FRR) and false acceptance rate (FAR). A wake word detector is a binary classifier. Hence, we use these metrics to benchmark it.
The detection threshold of binary classifiers can be tuned to balance FRR and FAR. A lower detection threshold yields higher sensitivity. A highly sensitive classifier has a high FAR and low FRR value (i.e. it accepts almost everything). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve plots FRR values against corresponding FAR values for varying sensitivity values
To learn more about ROC curves and benchmarking a wake word detection, you may read this blog post and Porcupine benchmark.
[Q] If I use Porcupine wake word detection in my mobile application, does it function when the app is running in the background?
[A] Developers have been able to successfully run Porcupine wake word detection software on iOS and Android in background mode. However, this feature is controlled by the operating system, and we cannot guarantee that this will be possible in future releases of iOS or Android. Please check iOS and Android guidelines, technical documentation, and terms of service before choosing to run Porcupine wake word detection in the background. We recommend using the sample demo applications made available on this repository to test this capability in your end application before acquiring a development or commercial license.
[Q] Which platforms does Porcupine wake word detection support?
[A] Porcupine wake word detection software is supported on Raspberry Pi (all models), BeagleBone, Android, iOS, Linux (x86_64), macOS, Windows, and modern web browsers (excluding Internet Explorer). Additionally, we have support for various ARM Cortex-A and ARM Cortex-M (M4/M7) MCUs by NXP and STMicro.
[Q] What is required to support additional languages?
[A] Porcupine is architected to work with any language, and there are no technical limitations on supporting most languages. However, supporting a new language requires significant effort and investment. The undertaking is a business decision which depends on our current priorities, pipeline, and the scale of commercial opportunity for which the language support is required.
[Q] Does Porcupine wake word detection software work with everyone's voice (universal) or does it only work with my voice (personal)?
[A] Porcupine wake word detection software is universal and trained to work with a variety of accents and people's voices.
[Q] Does Porcupine wake word detection work with children's voices?
[A] Porcupine may not work well with very young children as their voices are different from adult voices. We have made the software available for free evaluation with a set of sample wake words. We recommend that you test the engine with speech of children within your target age range before acquiring a development or commercial license.
[Q] Do users need to pause and remain silent before saying the wake word?
[A] By default, no. But if that is a requirement, we can customize the software (as part of our professional services for you) to require silence either before or after the wake word.
[Q] If my wake phrase is made of two words (e.g., "Hey Siri"), does the software detect if the user inserts silence/pause in between each word?
[A] By default, the engine ignores silence in between the words. However, if that is a requirement, we can customize the software (as part of our standard professional services) to require silence between each word.
[Q] Our marketing team is having difficulty deciding on the choice for wake word, can you help?
[A] Yes, we can help you with the process of choosing the right wake word for your brand. We also offer the option for revision if you change your mind after the purchase of a development license.
[Q] Does Porcupine wake word detection work with accents?
[A] Yes, it works generally well with accents. However, it's impossible to objectively quantify it. We recommend you try the engine for yourself and perhaps evaluate with an accented dataset of your choice to see if it meets your requirements.
[Q] How does Picovoice wake word detection software work when UK and US wake word pronunciations sometimes differ?
[A] For words that have different pronunciations in UK and US English, like "tomato", we recommend listening for both pronunciations simultaneously with two separate wake word model files, each targeting a distinct pronunciation.
[Q] How many wake words can Porcupine detect simultaneously?
[A] There is no technical limit on the number of wake words the software can listen to simultaneously.
[Q] How much additional memory and CPU is needed for detecting additional wake word or trigger phrases?
[A] Listening to additional wake words does not increase the CPU usage. However it will require 1 KB of memory per additional wake word model.
[Q] Is the Picovoice "Alexa" wake word verified by Amazon?
[A] Amazon Alexa Certification requirements are different for near, mid, and far-field applications (AVS, AMA, etc.). Also, the certification is typically performed on the end hardware, and the outcome depends on many design choices such as microphone, enclosure acoustics, audio front end, and wake word. Picovoice can assist with new product introduction (NPI) and Alexa certification under our technical support package.
[Q] Does Picovoice wake word detection software work with Google Assistant?
[A] Yes. However, your product may have to go through a certification procedure with Google. Please check Google's guidelines and terms of service for related information.
[Q] Can you use Picovoice wake word detection software with Cortana, IBM Watson, or Samsung Bixby?
[A] Yes, Picovoice can generate any third-party wake words at your request. However, you are responsible for any necessary integration with such platforms and potential areas of compliance.
[Q] What's the power consumption of Picovoice wake word detection engine?
[A] The absolute power consumption (in wattage) depends on numerous factors such as processor architecture, vendor, fabrication technology, and system level power management design. If your design requires low power consumption in the (sub) milliwatt range for always-listening wake word detection, you will likely need to consider MCU (ARM Cortex-M) or DSP implementation.
[Q] Can Porcupine distinguish words with similar pronunciation?
[A] The rigidity of rejecting words with similar pronunciation would have several side effects such as rejecting accented pronunciations, as well as higher rejection rate in noisy conditions. By lowering the detection sensitivity you can achieve lower false acceptance of words with similar pronunciations at the cost of higher miss rate.
[Q] How can I run Picovoice software on my ARM-based MPU running a Yocto customized embedded Linux?
[A] As part of our standard professional services, we can port our software to custom platforms for a one-time engineering fee and prepaid license royalties. We review these on a case-by-case basis and provide a quotation based on the complexity and type of the platform. Please note that the port must be performed in-house by our engineering team, since it requires direct access to our IP, proprietary technology, and toolchains. We would also require at least one development board running your target OS to perform this task.
[Q] What is your software licensing model?
[A] The software published on this repository is available under Apache 2.0. If you need custom wake word models on a specific platform for commercial development (building PoC, prototyping, or product development) you need to acquire a development license. To install and use Picovoice software on commercial products with custom wake word models you need to acquire a commercial license. If you are developing a product within a company and working towards commercialization please reach out to us to acquire the appropriate license by filling out the form here.
[Q] Can I use wake word models generated by the Picovoice Console in a commercial product?
[A] The Picovoice Console and keyword files it generates can only be used for non-commercial and evaluation purposes. If you are developing a commercial product, you must acquire a development license. To acquire a development license fill out the form here.
*Note that all licence references and agreements mentioned in the Porcupine README section above are relevant to that project's source code only.


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My research and work has focussed on various aspects of genomic evolution, and I specialize in bioinformatic analysis and interpretation of genomic data. I did a postdoctoral fellowship working with Judith Mank at the University of British Columbia, during which I worked on questions involving the evolution of recombination rates and sex specific genomic evolution. I completed my Ph.D. in 2018, working with Ben Evans at McMaster University assessing various aspects of Xenopus genome biology. My primary research focus is on how genetic sex determining factors influence genome evolution and, more generally, how differences between the sexes manifest at the genetic level. I also spend a lot of time thinking about polyploidy, phylogenetics, and speciation.
Ph. D. Dissertation
My research focussed on discovering and characterizing new sex chromosomes in Xenopus. This work centred on X. borealis, and determined that this species has a newly evolved set of sex chromosomes different from the rest of the genus (the rest of which have a fairly new sex determining system as well). This newer set of sex chromosomes proved quite interesting, as they have rapidly acquired widespread recombination suppression, but the sex chromosomes remain homomorphic (largely similar) to one another.
Xenopus are also interesting for having undergone multiple rounds of genome duplication. Another focus of my research was to look at the impact these events have had on genome restructuring and profiling selection across the genome. This work demonstrated that differences between the diploid progenitor species have likely lead to unequal evolution of the two subgenomes inherited from the ancestors.
See the publications page for papers relating to these projects.
Genetics and Species
Another interest of mine is to use genetic tools to assess species dynamics. My colleagues and I have studied the phylogeography of the most widespread African clawed frog (X. laevis), providing insight on the overall genetic structure of this species and gene flow between it and its close relatives. We've also investigated genetic introgression of the extremely vulnerable X. gilli and sympatric X. laevis populations. I have also assessed the impact of urban development on the genetic connectivity of a wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) population. See the publications page for papers relating to these projects.

subset: commoncrawl


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"Then said the LORD unto me, Thou hast well seen: for I will hasten my word to perform it."
King James Version (KJV)
1:12 Well seen - Or thou hast seen and judged right. Hasten - Word for word, I will almond - tree it, that is, I will be upon them speedily, in a short time. My word - My threatening against Judah and its inhabitants.


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Accepting Limitations (or not?)
The viewfinder experiment I did in the last FRAMES session went broadly as I hoped, but left me with an uncomfortable feeling that lingered with me all week. It was clear that those individuals who are visual-seekers enjoyed this form. However, for those who are taste, touch or smell-driven, it was not fully satisfying.
The pyramid of development (triangles keep making an appearance!), shows visual interaction at a higher learning level than touch. This basically means that a predominantly visual experience activity, such as the viewfinder one, is likely to be less enjoyable or artistically accessible for those with the most severe needs. This does not sit well with my philosophy of Rich Inclusion introduced to me by practitioner Joanna Grace. In a nutshell, Rich Inclusion means starting the creative process by considering the people with the most severe needs, so that whatever you create will therefore be accessible to all.
To push this further, there is one pupil at St Crispin's whose barriers are so pronounced that she can't even come into the room I am working in to try out an activity. Instead she has her own classroom, and garden area, with two staff members assigned to her at all times. For the purposes of this blog I will call her 'Bea'.
Bea is very insular and can be physically aggressive if pushed too far out her fairly restrictive comfort zones. I have now attempted to lead two creative sessions with Bea. I usually rely heavily on the Intensive Interaction methodology to establish a relationship with a young person with communication barriers. This is hard without being able to get close to Bea. As her reactions are unpredictable, you have to be ready to get away from her very quickly if she tries to grab you. The props I brought in, carefully selected for what I thought she might find interesting, were thrown over the garden wall almost immediately. I can't go inside her classroom with her, as too many people in her small space can stress her out. Bea is clearly my most challenging collaborator in this project. The activities she enjoys, such as pouring soil repeatedly onto a surface, or listening to objects move in the wind, are so limited, that it makes me question what is creativity to this person? Particularly when thinking about a meaningful collaboration. Another question is, when she knows so clearly what she enjoys, does she need theatre? Is it arrogance to assume that everyone does?
My friend and artist Jill Goodwin who is highly experienced working in this area, had some interesting thoughts when I mentioned Bea to her. She commented that:
"It seems to me that you are describing experiences with a young person that you cannot fully make sense of, or feel satisfied by, but they are influencing how you think about the whole project and your work with others. In this way, there is a kind of loop of connection that she is foundational to."
This makes me interrogate what theatre is for me, particularly in this field. I am drawn to the tactile, often intense responses I get from this group of people. I pride myself on my ability to make connections with those that are hard to reach, and I like making performances in context where I can see a direct effect. All of this is challenged by this situation, which inevitably means that for me as an artist, probably the hardest/most useful bit!
For the FRAMES residency, as an artist I am most creatively interested in following through the visual seeking idea. In opposition to this, I could have most impact if I work closely with the pupils with the most severe needs, creatively evolving activities they are already into. They are the ones least likely to be least interested in the visual/film idea.
I only have capacity, time and budget to successfully execute one project idea.
This stuff makes me pretty uncomfortable.
However, being lost somewhere in the ethical/artistic labyrinth is also not an unfamiliar feeling when working in this sector, so for now it doesn't panic me, but points towards more thought!
On that (slightly elusive) note…until next time.


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Since recreational marijuana was legalized in Colorado, much has been made of children accidentally ingesting edible marijuana -- but what about when people intentionally feed it to kids? Last week Davirak Ky pleaded guilty to distributing a controlled substance and child abuse for feeding two minors cannabis-infused cookies. In exchange, Ky received three years of probation, must undergo drug and alcohol treatment, and has to take a class on the effects of drugs on children -- but he will avoid prison time if he stays out of trouble.
See also: "Thomas Cunningham hit with 18 felony counts, possible years in jail, over 'pot brownie assault'"
As we reported last fall, Ky was arrested on November 3, 2013 after police responded to a "report of disturbance." The victims' mother told police that Ky, now 41, had brought over cookie dough to make treats for her children, who were thirteen and fifteen at the time.
The boys' mother said her sons were acting "giggly and agitated" after eating the cookies, and the boys were later taken to Denver Health Medical Center, where they both tested positive for marijuana and displayed "high blood pressure and an irregular heart rate, which is not normally caused by marijuana alone." According to the Denver District Attorney's Office, the victims were unaware they were eating THC-infused cookies.
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Here's the probable cause document:


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Prolife MINI
Prolife MINI is a complete range designed to meet the specific nutritional needs of the small breed dogs (1-10 kg). The high intake of fresh meat makes the feed tasty and easy to digest, ant it's a source of high level biological protein. The shape of the kibble hab been designed for small dogs, to help chewing.
Puppy Mini Chicken & Rice is a complete dog food formulated to satisfy the nutritional and physiological needs of small breed puppies. During this delicate phase, puppies increase in size to 20 times what they were at birth, in a very brief and intense few weeks. Their digestive system is undeveloped, they tend to become overweight quite easily and their immune system is still very fragile. Fresh Chicken Meat is tasty, light and easy to digest while prebiotics FOS help proliferation of good bacteria and improves the functioning of intestinal tract.
For sensitive puppies has been formulated Puppy Sensitive Mini Lamb & Rice, rich in fresh lamb, light and easy to digest, is ideal for them. The particular morphology of the mouth and palate of this type of dogs requires a special shape of kibble which helps them to chew it and swallow the cud. This is very important as they lose their milk teeth and acquire their adult teeth. Omega 3 fatty acids, Omega 6 fatty acids, Vitamin E play an antioxidant action, it helps to boost the immune system.
Puppy Sensitive Grain Free Chicken & Potato includes fresh Chicken, light and easy to digest thanks to the high quality protein. Potatoes and tapioca are selected sources of carbohydrates free of cereals. Bio-Mos helps to develop the immune system.
For the maintenance of small adult dogs has been studied Adult Mini Chicken & Rice, formulated to meet the specific nutritional needs of small breed dogs (less than 10 kg), that are often very active and have high metabolic rates that require food which supplies them with energy. Fresh Chicken is light, easy to digest and very tasty.
Adult Mini Lamb & Rice is rich in fresh lamb, light and easy to digest protein. The intake of L-carnitine helps to maintain an ideal body weight, important for active dogs. The pollution and atmospheric agents to which their skin and coats are exposed also means they require adequate and specific nutritional supplements: Omega 3 fatty acids, Omega 6 fatty acids, Zinc and Biotin are ideal to preserve the health of skin and coat.
For adult dogs sensitive to gluten and cereals have been studied: Sensitive Mini Beef & Potato, rich in fresh beef, light and easy to digest, is a source of high quality protein. Potatoes and tapioca are a source of carbohydrates, free of cereals. Sensitive Mini Porh & Potato is a complete food rich in pork, source of unfamiliar proteins. Sensitive Mini Fish & Potato includes fresh fish, light and easy to digest, is ideal for sensitive digs. Potatoes are gluten free and a rich source of carbohydrates.
Senior Mini Chicken & Rice is a complete food ideal for older dogs (from seven years). Fresh Chicken is easy to digest and light, is a source of high biological value proteins. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate helps to support joint, more fragile because of the age.


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May each one of us learn to let Mary's response be our response as we let the Holy Spirit as our Holy Mentor give us understanding into the deep truth of this mentoring wisdom! When God speaks, don't let fear preside and possess you; rather let it pass and let those thoughts revolve in your mind and understand what His greeting means to you. God speaks through the circumstances of life. Let His natural laws lead you to His spiritual principles as Mary and Elizabeth did
The fruits of mentoring are the richest rewards but are produced when ripe and ready. Be patient with the process. Being whole is being who you are meant to be, living in trust and living with a strong spiritual sense of well being.
Remember, your desire is your call. It is a want to, not a have to. Love motivates. Mentoring will fast forward you rapidly.
Mentoring is founded in friendship, where the past becomes the present. It is more than just about learning to do it right. It is about connectedness and relationship.
The life flows through the relationship. The connectedness is what makes it safe to fail, get up, hold on, and continue. When I piously encouraged my dad, "God is a second chance God," he gave me the best reply ever. "God is not a second chance God," he exclaimed, "He is another chance God!" Sometimes I have to keep falling and getting up before I get it right.
Let Him change your spirit! Only He can do it. You only have to want it. There is a back up plan waiting just for you. Your life has great purpose and destiny.
Holding on to meaningful life principles and leaving a lasting legacy take time, but it's worth the work. And you're worth it!
Personal Process Assessment


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Colloquialisms are elements of speech commonly used and understood in a particular region or geography.
Unlike slang and jargon, they are not limited to people in specific age groups (teens, college students), professions (doctors, engineers), or culture (theater, military).
Common Colloquialisms
People in the United States often use words and phrases peculiar to their specific region.
- "Soda" (East, West), "pop" (Midwest), "coke" (South), and "tonic" (New England), all refer to a sweetened, sparkling, nonalcoholic beverage.
- Depending on where you live, you put either "jimmies" (Northeast) or "sprinkles" (everywhere else) on your ice cream.
- Athletic shoes are "sneakers" (East, Northeast), "gym shoes" (Midwest), or "tennis shoes" (South, Central, West).
Sometimes the word stays the same, but the region determines pronunciation:
- Aunt: awwnt (Northeast); ant (everywhere else)
- Caramel: car-a-mel (Northeast, Southeast); car-mel (everywhere else)
- Pecan: pea-CAHN (most of US); pick-AHN (South); PEA-cahn (East)
Colloquialisms include phrases as well as words. Colloquial phrases are called idioms.
Here are some examples of common idioms:
- A braggart may be "all hat and no cattle."
- An impulsive person "shoots from the hip."
- A toddler is "knee high to a grasshopper."
- Disbelief can be found "in a pig's eye."
- Scarcity may be measured in "hen's teeth."
Writing Dialect and Colloquialisms
For writers, colloquial speech is a key element of lifelike, realistic character development that can anchor a story in time and place.
Emily Brontë captured the Yorkshire vernacular in Wuthering Heights. Here the protagonist Mr. Lockwood knocks loudly on the farmhouse door, seeking refuge from a snowstorm.
Vinegar-faced Joseph projected his head from a round window of the barn.
'What are ye for?' he shouted. 'T' maister's down i' t' fowld. Go round by th' end o' t' laith, if ye went to spake to him.'
'Is there nobody inside to open the door?' I hallooed, responsively.
'There's nobbut t' missis; and shoo'll not oppen 't an ye mak' yer flaysome dins till neeght.'
'Why? Cannot you tell her whom I am, eh, Joseph?'
'Nor-ne me! I'll hae no hend wi't,' muttered the head, vanishing.
Mark Twain caught the sound of southwestern Missouri in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Here's Huck's recollection of encountering his cruel and alcoholic "Pap" when he returned home one evening:
I had shut the door to. Then I turned around, and there he was. I used to be scared of him all the time, he tanned me so much. I reckoned I was scared now, too; but in a minute I see I was mistaken. That is, after the first jolt, as you may say, when my breath sort of hitched—he being so unexpected; but right away after, I see I warn't scared of him worth bothering about.
Sapphire channeled Claireece Precious Jones's urban voice in the 1987 novel Push.
I am walking down the hall from homeroom to first period maff. Why they put some shit like maff first period I do not know. Maybe to gone 'n git it over with. I actually don't mind maff as much as I had thought I would. I jus' fall in Mr Wicher's class sit down. We don't have assigned seats in Mr Wicher's class, we can sit anywhere we want. I sit in the same seat everyday, in the back, last row, next to the door. Even though I know that back door be locked. I don't say nuffin' to him. He don't say nuffin' to me, now.
Colloquialisms give characters an authentic voice and unique personality. Paying attention to regional dialects, accents, phrases, and idioms add realistic depth to your writing and draw the reader further into your story.
Always use colloquialisms to enhance your writing, and be careful not confuse or tax your readers. One way to do this is to make them "sound" right. A New Yorker wouldn't say "y'all," and a Southerner wouldn't say "fuhggeddaboudit." Dialect and idiom should serve to increase understanding of the character and add to the overall tone of the text.
As George Burns said, "If you can fake that, you've got it made."
If you liked this post, here are some other articles you might love:
- Weasel Words: Get Rid of These Words to Improve Your Writing
- American vs. British Spelling: Orthography and Alternate Spellings of Common Words
- 100: Selling Foreign Language Rights for Your Book with Elliott Katz
Tom Corson-Knowles is the founder of TCK Publishing, and the bestselling author of 27 books including Secrets of the Six-Figure author. He is also the host of the Publishing Profits Podcast show where we interview successful authors and publishing industry experts to share their tips for creating a successful writing career.


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Airstone Cylinder 300mm
Urban Garden has a wide stock range of airstones such as this Airstone Cylinder 300mm ideal for use with your MaxiJet water pumps and Hailea Water Pumps you can keep your nutrient solution fully oxygenated with an airstone.
- 300mm cylinder airstone will fit into almost any reservoir
- Porous stone creates many small bubbles
Mixes and oxygenates your nutrient solution oxygenated
- ed nutrient solution improves root-health and turbo-charges plant growth
- Air pump and air line available separately
Airstone Cylinder 300mm Contains:
1 x 300mm cylinder Airstone.
How the Airstone Cylinder 300mm Works:
The 3 Inch cylinder airstone is a 300mm length of the porous stone. An inlet nodule is located on the end to allow the airstone to be connected to an air pump via a length of the air line. When connected to an air pump, the air will exit the airstone through the many pores in the stone. When the airstone is submerged in water or a nutrient solution, the effect is that many small bubbles are produced and released from the surface of the stone. The bubbles create movement in the water or nutrient solution keeping it well mixed. The movement at the surface also greatly increases the amount of oxygen being dissolved into it. Dissolved oxygen discourages anaerobic microbes which can cause root diseases and feeds oxygen to the friendly aerobic microbes. An airstone helps to keep your plant's roots healthy while also providing oxygen for the roots to absorb. Adding an airstone to your reservoir really does increase the speed of your plant's growth and creates a healthier root-system. An airstone is very highly recommended for all hydroponic systems.
Using the Airstone Cylinder 300mm
Connect the airstone to your air pump using 4mm pvc or rubber air line. If the air line is difficult to fit over the inlet, dipping the end in warm water should make job much easier. Always make sure that your air pump is at a higher level than the surface of the water in your reservoir to prevent water siphoning back into the air pump. Lower the airstone down to the bottom of your reservoir and switch your air pump on. The porous stone used in airstones is brittle and should be handled carefully to prevent breakages. Every so often, gently clean the surface of the airstone to maintain the air-flow and bubble production.


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How K-12 Schools Can Shift Funds From the Supply Room to the Classroom
For school systems, the financial benefit to successfully managing procurement is immense. Having the right tools to digitally manage spend more effectively means shifting funds from the supply room to the classroom. Learn how executives from CDW-G and JAGGAER examine how K-12 school systems can capture unrealized savings opportunities.
You'll learn how other schools:
- Handle annual buys and store room inventory
- Support numerous buyers at a local school level
- Route requisitions, approvals, orders and payments digitally


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Garmin-Slipstream's Jonathan Vaughters has denied newspaper reports that Bradley Wiggins has signed for Team Sky, reiterating that the British rider is contracted to his team until the end of 2010.
The Daily Mail reported that Team Sky had negotiated a £2m deal to buy Wiggins out of the final year of his contract.
But when contacted by Cycling Weekly Vaughters said there was no truth in the story adding there had been 'no approach with any monetary figure from Sky'.
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And although it is no secret that Team Sky would like to hire Wiggins if he were available, the story caught the team principal Dave Brailsford on the hop. He said: "It's taken us all by surprise that one. We had a Team Sky away day yesterday so were locked in a hotel all day so certainly nothing came from us. There's no comment really from our side, to be honest."
Speculation over Wiggins's immediate future has been rife since his fourth place in the Tour de France in July. Team Sky's stated goal is to challenge for victory in the Tour within five years with a British rider, and Wiggins looks to be a ready-made team leader.
As Cycling Weekly explained in Thursday's magazine, there is no mechanism in place in professional cycling for one team to make an approach for another team's contracted rider, so the Mail story is wide of the mark suggesting the deal would be done between Team Sky and Garmin. According to the UCI, Wiggins would have to negotiate his own way out of his Garmin contract – even if the money were eventually put up by Team Sky – before he could leave.
Vaughters was not drawn on whether he and Wiggins had spoken about negotiating a settlement which would allow the rider to join Team Sky, but reiterated that as things stand, Wiggins has a contract which runs to the end of 2010.
Wiggins is currently preparing for the time trial at the World Championships in Mendrisio next week. He withdrew from the Tour of Britain earlier this week to focus on his goal of winning a medal.
Since finishing fourth in the Tour de France, Wiggins has ridden the Eneco Tour, although he pulled out of the race in bizarre circumstances with just 400 metres to go in the final time trial. Having led at the halfway checkpoint it began to rain so he eased back to avoid crashing on the technical course. However, his directeur sportif Matt White was as surprised as anyone when Wiggins pulled off the course using the deviation road meant for team cars.
White told CW Bradley went full gas to try to win the time trial. He was going very well and was leading at the checkpoint, but then it started to rain and he decided not to take any risks so he backed off.
"It rained a few minutes after the checkpoint and he put it
in the small chainring and eased off. It was a technical circuit with hills and roundabouts and it was more dangerous in the rain. There had been crashes, so I understand backing off and not taking risks. But I was very disappointed he didn't finish the course."
Wiggins then won the British national time trial championship before heading to the Tour of Britain.
The Daily Mail story comes at the end of a week when Wiggins created headlines by criticising its sister newspaper's columnist, chef James Martin, for his views on cyclists.
Writing in the Mail on Sunday Martin claimed he had enjoyed 'terrorising' a group of cyclists by sneaking up behind them in a quiet electric car before beeping his horn.
On his Twitter page, Wiggins wrote: "James Martin, TV chef, the word c*ck springs to mind. Stick to Ready, Steady Tw*t, mate."
Martin later apologised for his comments.
As for the speculation over Wiggins's future, it's unlikely anything will be resolved until after the World Championships.
Although Vaughters has said he expects Wiggins to honour his contract, with the possibility that Tour de France champion Alberto Contador will be available, Garmin may wish to cash in on the British rider.
Related links


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Tomasello Patio and Stone is a family owned and operated business. Making sure our customers receive the highest level of satisfaction is our top priority. Our guarantee is that no matter the size of the job, each customer be given the time necessary to ensure that the work done is of the highest quality.
We specialize in natural stone, pavers and stone veneer, patios, retaining walls, driveways and outdoor living. Our company is Angie's List certified, and in both 2015 and 2016, was awarded "Super Service Award" for our consistently highly-rated customer satisfaction reviews. Our work was recently featured in Cambridge's most recent catalogue.


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- Search
- Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II
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|National Center for Atmospheric Research National Center for Atmospheric Research Climate and Global Dynamics Division
|A decomposition of feedback contributions to polar warming amplification Climate change impacts on Texas water: A white paper assessment of the past, present and future and recommendations for action Individual feedback contributions to the seasonality of surface warming
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|Solar and Greenhouse Gas Forcing and Climate Response in the Twentieth Century Identification of human-induced changes in atmospheric moisture content The importance of land-cover change in simulating future climates Combinations of natural and anthropogenic forcings in twentieth-century climate
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|Arctic marine ecosystems in an era of rapid climate change
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|Epidemic dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever at the Texas–Mexico border: Results of a household-based seroepidemiologic survey, December 2005
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|Climate change impacts and adaptation in cities: a review of the literature
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In the world of data storage, there is perhaps no more hotly debated topic than Cloud Computing and security. As more and more companies look into the Cloud as a possibility, they all have the same question; is the Cloud secure? Your company's data is its lifeline. You can never be too safe. Besides helping businesses like yours increase productivity, cut costs, and more, the Cloud also utilizes enterprise-level safety processes to ensure your information is kept safe and secure. Cloud Computing and Security Cloud Computing is actually safer than most on-site data storage. Of course, the exact level of security is dependent on your Cloud provider. Here are just a few ways that we at Cetrom, for example, take every precaution to keep your information safe and secure:
- Firewalls: The first line of defense, firewalls help prevent unauthorized access to your data.
- Encryption: Data is encrypted and unreadable by those without authorized access and the encryption key.
- Redundancy:
- Multi-Level Redundancy: Your data is stored in more than one location to ensure it is always readily available. This ensures that your data is kept safe even if one server fails or a single disk is lost. After all, you don't want to put all of your eggs in one basket. Cetrom Cloud solutions are reliable and have a 99.9% uptime guarantee
- Virus Protection: Your Cloud provider ensures all virus protection software is maintained and up-to-date.
- Physical Security: Cetrom's state-of-the-art data centers meet industry FIPS 140 standards for top- tier security and operates with 24/7 on-site security, internal and external monitoring, ID access screening, and escort requirements.
For a complete breakdown of Cetrom's Cloud Computing security processes, Click Here. So, after reading all of that, do you have an answer to your question, "is the Cloud secure?" When all of the above Cloud Computing security measures operate in conjunction with one another they help thwart unauthorized access, keeping your critical business data safe and secure.
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If you would like to learn more about Cloud Computing and security, please contact Cetrom by calling 866.364.1098 or fill out our contact form. You can also follow Cetrom on Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, YouTube, and Google+ for the latest and greatest Cloud Computing news.


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Web page of the open scientific association bringing together geoscientists with an interest in the geodynamic processes of the Earth's crust.
The Working group on standardization of digital maps was established at the general assembly of the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW) in 2002. The Working group is promoting consistent procedures and standards for compiling and printing digital maps. Full integration and sharing of data is necessary to achieve the desired results.
Information and working web page of the international GeoCapacity project.
European Network for Research in Geo-Energy is an informal contact network open to all European organisations who have a primary mission and objective to conduct basic and applied research and technological activities related to the exploration and production of energy sources derived from the Earth's crust.
Webpage of the Geoscience Information Consortium (GIC) made up of the heads of the informatics departments of geological surveys from 24 countries around the world.


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In this lens I will present some recommendations on learn how to do away with annoying birds and stop them from destroying your private home and backyard. With their expertise, the professionals are able to work their way round your own home and full the work with out putting themselves or anybody at risk. Grand River Siding & Roofing of Farmington Hills is without doubt one of the greatest professional roofing firm that gives wonderful service for roofing set up. We are waiting to see what sort of furniture comes out of near catastrophe and hoping to see the house soon.
If you reside in a region frequented by severe weather, particularly hail storms, vinyl siding is your best option, as it is immune to dings and dents. Compared to vinyl and wood siding, Hardie plank siding offers higher worth for your cash while lasting longer and providing added security. If you see lengthy, straight holes appearing in your wooden or synthetic siding, it time for repair and injury management. Since nearly all of vinyl siding is shade-by way of, that means the color is constant all through, if for some purpose you not like your vinyl siding coloration, altering it can be a headache.
Vinyl siding on getting uncovered to fire melts in a short time and emits poisonous fumes which might be injurious and hazardous to the occupants of the home and we know how fast a wood house will get razed to ground incase of a fire. Siding may be formed of horizontal or vertical boards, shingles , or sheet supplies. Hello, I am a Vinyl Siding and Window Professional with over 40 years of expertise.
Yes, this is a very tedious factor to do, however short of scraping all of your siding off and starting over, it is your only different to repair the issue. When siding needs to be replaced, then we recommend considering fiber cement siding compared to wooden or vinyl. Here are the principle steps to constructing a house from ground up in the chronological order of execution. Quest Siding by Mastic Home Exteriors is able to sustaining twister-force winds of up to 240 mph.
There are different cement fiber siding companies in enterprise, nonetheless the James Hardie Company is the forerunner on this technology and, from my analysis, has the longest ensures on their products. The underlying insulating layers you've got selected are then installed, and eventually, our siding and trim is utilized fantastically to your house. A big advantage when purchasing a house package is that, you will get a tasteful dwelling that is good for your life-style and your pocketbook. Solution to any structural subject in a brick veneer could be to contact a Harvard ma masonry repair contractor. VSI is a commerce affiliation for producers of vinyl and different polymeric siding.


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Storm and Skye Masters have more in common than most new recruits to Army. Not only are they related but the siblings are two of quadruplet sisters.
The pair, aged 22 from Merimbula on the New South Wales far South Coast, recently enlisted during a ceremony in Canberra, while Skye is due to enlist in July. Both will attend Army Recruit School at the same time. Storm is joining the Military Police and Skye will become an aircraft ground support crew member.
The sisters are looking forward to making new friends and developing professionally and personally. Storm said the reason she applied was to serve her country and give back to others.
"Being a part of the Army is not just a job for me but a lifestyle. It gives me the opportunity to meet people from all walks of life and make lifelong friends," Storm said.
"It's also challenging and exciting. Some of the tasks I will be required to carry out as a solider can be quite tough, but ultimately, very rewarding – I cannot wait," she said.
The twins will soon commence training at Kapooka, near Wagga Wagga, where they will undergo physical training and drills and learn valuable first aid skills, along with weapons combat training, navigation and advanced field-craft.
Skye said she is looking forward to developing herself and learning new skills.
"I am interested in learning as much as I can about the aviation industry and working with aircraft, along with learning about the Australian Army and the culture within," Skye said.
Skye and Storm have done everything together for as long as they can remember. Joining the Australia Defence Force is no different.
"Our family is extremely supportive of our decision to join up. Our sisters Zoe and Darci are a flight attendant and a registered nurse, and we are as proud of them as they are of us," Storm said.
We welcome you to take our 20 second survey and help us improve the site.
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Apple reportedly disables its news app in China to avoid breaking government censorship lawsBy Rob Thubron 8 comments
After facing demands from the Chinese government to filter articles in its news app, Apple has decided to completely disable Apple News in the region, according to the New York Times.
Launched as part of the iOS 9 update, Apple News is currently only available to users in the US, though it is being tested in the UK and Australia. Phones registered in the US can still access Apple News while travelling abroad, but now it seems that China's strict censorship laws have resulted in Apple's decision to block the app in the country. Anyone in China who tries to use Apple News will be faced with an error message that reads: "Can't refresh right now. News isn't supported in your current region."
Larry Salibra, founder and CEO of software testing platform Pay4Bugs, detailed his experience with Apple News while on a trip to China in a blog post titled 'How Apple Censors News in China.'
They're censoring news content that I downloaded and stored on my device purchased in the USA, before I even enter China just because my phone happens to connect to a Chinese signal floating over the border. On device censorship is much different than having your server blocked by the Great Firewall or not enabling a feature for customers with certain country iTunes account. That Apple has little choice doesn't make it any less creepy or outrageous.
Any foreign company that does not abide to China's strict censorship rules risks being blocked by its 'great firewall,' which is used to deny citizens access to many foreign websites such as Facebook and Twitter. The onus is on the companies to filter out any 'sensitive' content, and it seems that rather than risk something slipping through the net and incurring the Chinese government's wrath, Apple has decided that to remove the app entirely. Google pulled its operations out of China in 2010 after the company said it was no longer comfortable with censoring its search results.
Apple News turns off when you roam into Mainland China. Disturbing. Not cool. pic.twitter.com/CYLUWGHE2H
— Larry Salibra (@larrysalibra) October 2, 2015
China is Apple's second-largest source of revenue after the United States, with sales of more than $13 billion in the third quarter. The Cupertino-based company has yet to comment on the story.


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He is also known as the host of his own award winning television talkshow named Hier is... Adriaan van Dis, that lasted from 1983 to 1992 and several successful award winning television documentaries. His television series 'Van Dis In Indonesia' (2012) put both Indonesia and the Indies back in Dutch living rooms. Dutch and Indonesian language with Dutch subtitles. All episodes: http://programma.vpro.nl/vandisinindonesie/afleveringen.html
With the publication of his Indies inspired compilation book De Indie boeken(The Indies books) in 2012, Van Dis establishes himself as one of the most significant second generation Indo authors of Dutch Indies literature. The compilation includes a wide range of his best seller books, in which Van Dis exquisitely describes the trials and tribulation of first and second generation repatriates. Like fellow Indo author Marion Bloem his storytelling is based in old Malay and Pecok verbal traditions. His award winning books evoke the great sense of displacement and rife antitheses that affects generations of Indos. Books include the novels: My Father's War and Repatriated a novel in sixty scenes.
Translated to English:
- http://www.worldcat.org/title/my-fathers-war-a-novel/oclc/033440689
- http://www.worldcat.org/title/repatriated-a-novel-in-sixty-scenes/oclc/176824273
His father was an Indies-Dutchman and his mother a farmer's daughter from Breda who had met each other in the Dutch East Indies after the War. By then his mother already had three daughters from her first marriage to a Royal Dutch East Indies Army KNILofficer of Indo-European descent. His father had been married before as well, in the East Indies. His family had been heavily affected by the Second World War and the subsequent Indonesian revolution.
As a survivor of the Junyo Maru disaster, which had been mistakenly torpedoed by the British, his father performed forced labour as a POW on the Pakan Baroe railroad on Sumatra. Adriaan van Dis's mother's first husband was a resistance fighter and was decapitated during the Japanese occupation (1942–1945). His mother ended up in a Japanese interment camp along with her 3 young daughters.
Adriaan, born after the war, in The Netherlands, felt like an outsider in his own family because he was the only white child and had no direct history in the Indies or of the war. His environment contributed to this sense of loneliness. Bergen aan Zee was home to many people who had come from the Dutch East Indies and Adriaan grew up in a house that he shared with four repatriated families of mostly Indo-European descent.
Adriaan's parents were unable to get married. While his father's marriage had been disbanded under Islamic law, that divorce had no legal validity in The Netherlands. Nobody was allowed to know this, and so, for the sake of the outside world, Adriaan took on his father's surname. However, officially his surname remained his mother's: Van Dis. When Adriaan went to college, he actually began using his real name. Later in life while working on his autobiographic novels Van Dis discovered that out of spite his fathers family hid the fact that his father was in fact already a widower.
His father had been traumatised by the war and was unable to work. Furthermore, he found it difficult to find a place in The Netherlands as a migrant; he never felt like he fit in. He was always home and raised Adriaan in a conservative manner, frequently beating him. Adriaan remembers him as a cruel man, but also as a victim of circumstances. He is one of his main literary inspirations and his perspective on his father evolves with each related novel.


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Glacier Rocks Ice Ball Mold and Tumbler Set
Each crystal liquor tumbler is sculpted with a circular channel to match the exact proportions of the ice ball made by its accompanying silicone ice mold. Drop the icy sphere into the channel to chill your liquor faster and last longer than coarse cubes. Each set includes two crystal tumblers and two silicone ice molds. Place the ice sphere in your glass of whiskey, scotch, bourbon or any other liquor of your choice. The slow-melting ice ball will naturally roll in a circular motion on the base of your glass as you sip, cooling the liquor evenly.
- Each Glass Holds 9 Oz.
- Includes 2 Led Free Crystal Tumblers and 2 Silicone Ice Molds
- Circular Channel Design In Base Allows Ball To Roll Through The Beverage
- Each Ice Ball Measures 4.5 Inches Around


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Red-Lining the Clownish Mannerism's of Bibi Netanyahu
Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu entered the assembly hall of the United Nations; a body for which Israel and its party of war has repeatedly shown little respect; evidenced by their contemptuous breach of every single UN Resolution ever levied against them, … Continue reading
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In a world of cell phones and iPads, United Way of West Central Mississippi has made it easy for you to help YOUR community! Text PROMOTE to 41444 to make your donation to help someone in need!
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Kinetic Polymers is one of the most dependable ESD Footwear Exporters from Hyderabad. Our range of products includes different types of products to keep your facility protected from any damage. We cater to different pharmaceutical industries, explosive industries, defence organizations, metal industries and electronics industries. Our team is trained for a long period to ensure that they have the required expertise and knowledge to audit your facility effectively.
After the audit, we suggest the products you will require to enhance the security of your facility. In our endeavour to stay up-to-date with the current demands of the industry, we constantly update our systems and infrastructure. All these reasons together have established us as one of the topmost ESD Footwear Exporter from India.
Our products go through multiple quality checks on different levels of manufacturing under the supervision of our strict quality auditors. These quality checks make sure that every product that goes out of our manufacturing facility is of premium quality. We always stay in touch with our clients to get valuable feedback, which helps in improving our products. Get in touch with us and experience the excellence of our products.


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"...in the absolute certainty of the righteousness and soundness of their views, and their right to have them automatically accepted as the approved model for all right thinking people."
Progressives hold about a dozen core beliefs plus variations. Half of their beliefs contradict the other half. With a little study, skewering them can be reduced to just a few chess moves. The corrective screeching that results is music.
We also welcome the contributions of American Thinker Robert McClain:The concept of Left verus Right has existed since the French Revolution. The "Left" self-identified with the goats of the Bible, and anti-Catholic MPs claimed the seats on the left side of the chamber. From the beginning, the Left excoriated the "Right" as sheep entralled to the Shepherd of Rome. This hatred of religion took on many forms over the centuries and is the hallmark of leftist ideology. In the 20th Century alone, Leftists sought, and very nearly succeeded, in destroying religious faith. In Lenin's Russia, Stalin's USSR, Hitler's Germany, Mussolini's Italy, Mao's China, Pol Pot's Cambodia. The Left hates religion, but not all religions are equal. Judaism and its offshoot, Christianity, seem to be the main targets of the Left.
At their core, leftists despise God as well as anyone "dumb" enough to follow God's commandments against lying, stealing, murderor promiscuously coveting someone or something. Leftists are not opposed to any of these especially if done to advance the cause.There is more validity to Saul Alinsky's dedication to Luciferthe first revolutionarythan probably anyone can imagine. Leftists proudly follow their father who was a liar and a murderer from the beginning. This is primarily the reason the Left attempts to control the lives and beliefs of every person on earth. They offer "freedom" to break God's commandments, but in exchange, they offer only slavery. Remember, impresario magnifique, Bob Dylan sings with no strings attached, "You gotta serve somebody."
Ronald Reagan was partially correct when he declared the Soviet Union to be the focus of evil in the modern world. His resolute belief in "We win, they lose" brought about the demise of the Left's Promised Land. But the Left is not vanquished yet. They have almost succeeded in having all expression of religious faith banned from the West. But they will fight to the last drop of your blood to make certain that Islam's belief in Allah flourishes. Hypocritical until one remembers the Left adheres to the dictum, "The enemy of my enemy is my friend."
The Left is the enemy of God, believers, and liberty. They despise the United States and everything we stand for. For the Left, we are the focus of evil in the modern world, and we must be destroyed.
Raging against the dying of the light? More like raging against the light dawning in this nation and in other western nations. We, the People of the United States, will be free or we will die fighting against tyranny. The Left has held sway over our institutions for many decades. Yet, they are losing the war on freedom and faith. They have reason to rage. Let it be their last act of desperation and impotence. After all, this life is all they have.
© 2011 - 2012, Gabriel Thy. All rights reserved.


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text: Dirkjan Ochtman schrieb: > On 05/04/2009 20:29, "Martin v. Löwis" wrote: >> FYI: this is the list of hooks currently employed: >> - pre: check whitespace >> - post: mail python-checkins >> inform regular buildbot >> inform community buildbot >> trigger website rebuild if a PEP was modified >> (but then, whether or not the PEPs will be maintained >> in hg also needs to be decided) > > All this is easy to do with Mercurial's hook system. One caveat is that > stuff (like whitespace) only gets checked at push time, not at commit > time (running commit hooks would have to be done on the client, but > since we don't sandbox hooks, they would be a liability to distribute by > default). People could still set them up locally for pre-commit if they > want, of course, but otherwise they may need some trickery to modify the > changesets they want to push. When commits with bad whitespace changes are rejected on push, this is a pretty good incentive to run the pre-commit hook next time, so that you don't have to re-do all the commits in that batch :) Georg -- Thus spake the Lord: Thou shalt indent with four spaces. No more, no less. Four shall be the number of spaces thou shalt indent, and the number of thy indenting shall be four. Eight shalt thou not indent, nor either indent thou two, excepting that thou then proceed to four. Tabs are right out.


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"Architecture is about experience: not only visual but what you can feel."
As Ma Yansong says, architecture is more than what you can see. It's a medium of necessity, elegance, education, business and entertainment. It is a kind of language, a form of expression.
And just as architecture needs to provide form, function, interest and beauty, so too must an architect's marketing strategy in order to attract, convert and delight clients.
Inbound marketing: a blueprint for success
Inbound marketing is using your knowledge to provide useful, engaging content that draws people to you and converts them into loyal customers and brand advocates. Essentially, it's about being the honey, not the bee.
An inbound marketing strategy focuses on:
- Understanding your audience – where they interact online, their preferences, what problems they need resolving
- Creating useful content (blogs, ads, video, social media) that helps your audience
- Optimising your website to generate leads, rank on Google, and capture user data that lets you engage with your audience on a more personal level
- Carrying on a post-conversion conversation that delights your clients and encourages repeat purchase
The purpose of architecture is to create an experience more than it is a building. And the same is true of an inbound marketing strategy, that brings together marketing strategy, content creation and a number of digital tools to make your online experience every bit as engaging as your offline creations.
Case study: how Modative saw a six-fold increase in traffic and leads with inbound marketing
As this HubSpot article lays out, LA architect Modative used inbound marketing to transform their website traffic. As self-confessed IT and marketing greenhorn, Derek Leavitt, Modative partner, explained, "We did have a website but we weren't bringing really much traffic." About his blog, he said, "It felt like people would go to it and then leave it."
To increase web traffic and lead generation, Derek turned to inbound marketing platform HubSpot. They promptly recognised that Modative's paid advertising wasn't working and switched their efforts to organic search-generated traffic. Soon enough, over 85% of referrals were coming via organic search. "Our traffic is very diverse now, which is what we would like to see," said Derek. And, of course, being less reliant on paid ads means they're achieving results more cost-effectively.
Changing their SEO practices has also reaped the rewards. The relatively simple task of optimising its photos meant that 18% of its traffic soon came from Google Images – a previously untapped resource and one that's highly appropriate for the architectural industry.
Modative also boosted its lead generation, creating a Resources page from which people can download guidebooks, whitepapers and other problem-solving content. In exchange for each piece of data, Modative asks visitors to fill out a form. This helps the company gather contact information of targeted readership and means they can create and send highly personalised, targeted messaging to an audience predisposed to what Modative have to offer.
From attracting almost no visitors to their website, in their first inbound marketing month, Modative attracted 257 referrals from Google alone. Not long after, that figure swelled to over 700. The blog, too, enjoyed similar improvements, quickly attracting over 1,000 visitors a month and 45 subscribers – not bad from a standing start!
Tipping the scales
Whilst Modative are a relatively small company, one of the advantages of inbound marketing is that it can benefit businesses of all sizes.
Whether you're a smaller enterprise like Modative or one of the big guns like Foster + Partners, inbound marketing is a flexible, inclusive strategy that scales easily to the time and budget you have available.
Take Make Architects, for example. With studios in London, Sydney and Hong Kong, they're a multinational outfit. But they make use of a beautifully designed, search engine optimised website, regular articles and blog content, and engaging social media channels – all to attract, engage and convert web visitors into clients.
Because whether you're big, small, or somewhere in the middle, winning and retaining customer interest in what you should lie at the very heart of your inbound marketing strategy.
Want to know how Woven can help engage, entice and ensure more business through inbound marketing? Get in touch today and arrange your free consultation with our experts.


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I moved to Ireland five years ago today. My nephew, age two and a half, announced excitedly as we came into Dublin, "Auntie Catie, Auntie Catie, this is the Wiver Wiffey!" I often think about that as I cross the Wiver Wiffey now. :) And about four hours after I arrived, jet-lagged and exhausted, my sister said to me, brightly, "So how do you like living in Ireland?" *laughs*
The answer is, pretty well. For the first year or 18 months or so we kept saying "It's like living in a foreign country!" We've stopped doing that. We now bitch about Irish politics as bitterly and passionately as American (which we still bitch about, mind you). We also, however, admire the benefits of living here–nationalized health care, for one thing, a topic which the Irish think we're mad to be pleased by, because by European standards Ireland's hardly at the top of the game. It's hard to explain what it's like in America.
It's been an up and down five years. We cleverly moved at the height of a housing boom that crashed into a massive recession (and which the newly-announced budget here is damned likely to drive into a full-blown depression). The tourist industry got hit earliest, so it was more difficult for Ted to find steady (nevermind non-abusive) work than we anticipated. He broke his arm. We moved a lot. We didn't develop much of a social group. Two of our pets died. We might have chosen to go home, but we literally couldn't afford it.
On the other hand, the people we did meet were fantastic. We made amazing friends through the SF/F convention circuit. We've seen some of Ireland. Somewhere in there, aspects of American life started seeming like being in a foreign country. We had a baby. Ted got out of chefing and back into tech support. We moved to Dublin. We are, I think, happier these past few months than we've been since we moved here, and the future looks bright.
So: to celebrate the first five years in Ireland, and in anticipation of the next five, we're throwing an Irish Anniversary Party on the 4th of December, from 1pm to 6pm. I believe Ted's going to make gumbo and red beans & rice (traditional Irish foods!), and I may make a cheesecake (and perhaps some Chocolate Death Cookies). Everybody's welcome!(x-posted from the essential kit)


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Alumni are welcome to set up alumni associations to ally faithful alumni to reinforce the bonding between alumni networks, and to support the development and promotion of their Alma Mater. Through joining any alumni associations, you can stay connected with your alma mater, to interact with other UM members , and also to expand your personal network .
- Interested alumni can make reference to the following guideline on forming an alumni association: "Guideline for Setting Up Local and Overseas Alumni Associations of the University of Macau" for details.
- For enquiries or more information on forming an alumni association, please contact ADO at (853) 8822-4384 or email to email@example.com for assistance.