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A Limited Liability Company is a common business entity that may be owned and managed by one or more individuals. LLCs, formed and managed under state law, are relatively simple to set up, and allow for a flexible management structure. Unlike a partnership, LLC owners, known as members, are not personally liable for the debts and obligations of the company.
LLCs vs. Partnerships
LLCs are structured to operate as a partnership, but enjoy the limited liability benefits of a corporation. Like a partnership, the owners of an LLC have flexibility in how they want to manage the business, and how they want to distribute the profits. Unlike a partnership, LLC owners are not personally liable for the debts or the obligations of the business, except in rare circumstances. Because of this, most states require LLCs to formally register with the state, while partnerships often do not require registration.
Read More: General Partnership Vs. LLC
LLC Formation
An LLC can be formed by one or more individuals or entities. When more than one individual forms an LLC, the owners are essentially business partners. However, in most states, LLC owners are referred to as members, according to law. When forming an LLC with multiple members, many LLCs draft an operating agreement which specifies how the company will be managed, how profits will be distributed among the members, and how the LLC may be dissolved. Although not a legal requirement in most states, many LLCs create an operating agreement designed to prevent conflict among members down the line.
Management Structure
When an LLC has more than one member, the members may decide how they want to share the management of the company. An LLC may be either "member-managed" or "manager-managed." In a member-managed LLC, all the owners have equal rights and responsibilities in managing the company. Conversely, a manager-managed LLC provides that one or more members are designated as "managers" who will be responsible for making decisions for the company. When not otherwise specified in the operating agreement, the LLC will automatically be a member-managed company in most states.
LLC Taxation
The Internal Revenue Service does not recognize LLCs as a business entity. Instead, an LLC with more than one member must file its tax return as either a corporation or a partnership. Members are often referred to as partners because of the way the LLC is taxed, although the tax treatment does not affect the business entity type. When an LLC is treated like a partnership, the business income "passes through" the company, meaning the LLC is not subject to business income tax and double taxation. Instead, the income is reported on the personal tax returns of the members.
Writer Bio
Elizabeth Rayne earned her J.D. from Penn State University and has been practicing law since 2009, advising clients on issues ranging from employment law to nonprofit management. For two years, she served as a contributing editor for the "Vermont Environmental Monitor."


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Final Score: NY Islanders 3, Washington 0
Washington, DC – Evgeni Nabokov recorded his first shutout of the season and P.A. Parenteau tallied twice as the New York Islanders blanked the Washington Capitals, 3-0. John Tavares netted a goal to extend his point streak to 10 consecutive games for the Islanders, who had lost four of six coming in. Nabokov made 17 saves for his 51st career shutout. Tomas Vokoun stopped 25 shots for the Capitals, who finished 3-1 on their four-game homestand. Washington will play six of its next seven on the road.
Final Score: Pittsburgh 2, Carolina 1 (SO)
Pittsburgh, PA – James Neal scored the game-deciding goal in the shootout as the Pittsburgh Penguins took a 2-1 victory over the Carolina Hurricanes on Tuesday. Evgeni Malkin scored in regulation for Pittsburgh, while Marc-Andre Fleury made 25 saves as the Penguins snapped a four-game home losing streak. Their last win at CONSOL Energy Center was a 4-2 decision over the Hurricanes on December 27. Jamie McBain lit the lamp for the Hurricanes, who have lost eight of their last nine road games to fall to 5-13-5 on the road this season. Cam Ward stopped 40-of-41 shots in defeat.
Final Score: Philadelphia 5, Minnesota 1
Philadelphia, PA – Kimmo Timonen and Scott Hartnell each scored a power-play goal to help the Philadelphia Flyers beat the Minnesota Wild, 5-1, at the Wells Fargo Center. Sean Couturier, Jakub Voracek and Braydon Coburn also lit the lamp for Philadelphia, which has won six of its last nine games. Ilya Bryzgalov made 25 saves in the win. Darroll Powe supplied the lone goal for Minnesota, which has gone 2-10-4 over its last 16 games. Josh Harding surrendered five goals on 34 shots in the loss, the 10th in row on the road for the Wild.
Final Score: Tampa Bay 5, Boston 3
Tampa, FL – Dominic Moore netted the go-ahead goal with 3:45 left in the third period as the Tampa Bay Lightning snapped a seven-game losing streak with a 5-3 win over the Boston Bruins. Vincent Lecavalier, Tom Pyatt, Ryan Malone and Steven Stamkos also lit the lamp for the Lightning, who got 26 saves from Mathieu Garon. Steve Downie and Matt Gilroy had two assists apiece. Nathan Horton tallied twice and Daniel Paille also scored for the Bruins, who have lost two of three. Tim Thomas stopped 26-of-30 shots in defeat.
Final Score: NY Rangers 3, Nashville 0
New York, NY – Henrik Lundqvist made 27 saves to earn his fourth shutout of the season as the New York Rangers downed the Nashville Predators, 3-0, at Madison Square Garden. Dan Girardi, John Mitchell and Ryan Callahan lit the lamp for New York, which won for the sixth time in eight games. Anders Lindback allowed two goals on 28 shots as the Predators had their five-game win streak snapped.
Final Score: Detroit 3, Dallas 2 (SO)
Dallas, TX – Jiri Hudler scored the game-winning goal in the second round of the shootout, sending the Detroit Red Wings to a 3-2 win over the Dallas Stars at American Airlines Center. Hudler moved in slowly, deked backhand-forehand, then went back to his backhand and slid the puck past Richard Bachman, who was sliding the other way. Ty Conklin stopped the first two shootout attempts, and Trevor Daley fired the puck wide of the net on Dallas' last shot to seal the victory for the Red Wings. Hudler and Tomas Holmstrom scored in regulation, while Conklin stopped 25- of-27 shots in the victory for Detroit, which has won four consecutive games. Brenden Morrow and Loui Eriksson scored in regulation and Bachman made 30 saves in defeat for the Stars, who have lost three straight games -- all by a one-goal margin.
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text: When Derek (Andrew Seeley) moves to a new town and discovers a shortcut through the woods to his high school, he learns about a crazy old man who lives near its path: Legend has it that he abducted a group of teenagers years ago. Ignoring the warning, Derek and his friends set out to uncover the dark secret that's buried deep in the woods. But will they survive to tell it? Shannon Woodward and Katrina Bowden co-star in this creepy thriller. (Netflix)


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School Choice Improves Education
Arlington, offers a number of choices to students at all three levels: elementary, middle and high school. Because my daughter is in 5th grade, we are currently making our decision about her middle school for next year. So this post will look at middle schools in particular. (Future posts may cover other aspects of Arlington's school system.)
Arlington has five middle schools: Gunston, Kenmore, Jefferson, Swanson and Williamsburg. It also has a special program at H-B Woodlawn, which for all intents and purposes, is another middle school/high school combined. Four of these offer special programs of some kind. I think the other two should also, as I discuss below.
- Gunston offers the Spanish Immersion continuation program for students who attended one of the Spanish Immersion elementary schools (Claremont or Key, which is the school my daughter attends as did her brother before her). Our experience has been that the majority of elementary school immersion students continue at Gunston. The immersion students make up about 1/3 of the student body, with the rest coming from the neighborhood. This choice is really only available to those who participated in the elementary immersion program--or possibly students who live in Spanish-speaking households.
- H-B Woodlawn Secondary Program is a countywide program which selects students by lottery. It's unique in more ways than can be described here; you may click on the link for more details.
- Jefferson Middle School is an International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme (IBMYP), having received authorization from the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) in the spring of 2007. (Note that Washington-Lee High School also offers an IB program.) Although this program is not specifically designated as available countywide, it is possible for parents to transfer in from elsewhere in the county, because Jefferson currently has the smallest enrollment of the five middle schools. However, the county does not provide transportation for out-of-area students.
- Kenmore is an arts and technology focus school, which serves as both a neighborhood school and is also open to students from across the county?space permitting. It integrates the arts (drama, music, dance, etc.) into the learning process.
- Swanson and Williamsburg are pure neighborhood schools with no special programs. Students could theoretically transfer in--space permitting--but it's not clear why they would, unless, say, a family moved within the county and wanted to stay at the same school. We live in the Swanson area.
We have now had two occasions, once with each child, to attend middle school informational sessions. By and large, they are impressive: Arlington Schools are excellent. My wife and I have both noted, though, that the presentation from Swanson--our home school--was decidedly less noteworthy than the others. Both of our children were underwhelmed by those presentations but truly impressed with Gunston and Kenmore presentations. I have a theory about this.
I believe that the schools with specialized programs perceive themselves as special. Swanson and Williamsburg perceive themselves as the neighborhood school striving to be the best they can be, but no different than any other middle school that is serving its neighborhood. When I attended the Swanson presentation for my son, about 90% of what was presented was about middle school in general and about 10% was about Swanson in particular. For Gunston, though, it was about 25% middle school oriented and 75% about Gunston and how it is unique. The pride they took in their special status oozed from the principal, the teachers and every student.
In a similar vein, a friend of mine with a 5th-grade student recently took a required tour of one of the two neighborhood middle schools with the principal. If you want to transfer your student out of your home school to one of the others, you have to get a form signed by your home school's principal and attend a tour and orientation. He was there to get that done, so he could move his daughter to another school. He told me that the principal spent most of the time trying to convince the attendees to not leave for another school. But without some sort of special status or program, she didn't have much to offer.
I believe that giving a school a special mandate or program creates an environment that spurs that school on to do more and aspire higher. I think Arlington would benefit from creating special programs at the remaining two middle schools, Swanson and Williamsburg. Give them a special status and they will make themselves even more special. They'll strive to attract students through their achievements and programs rather than just their geography. Every middle school in the county would be available to every student, with each providing a special program of some kind. There would be even more choices but also better results and outcomes, I believe.
Obviously a system would have to be devised to even out attendance with capacity, but I think that is doable. Arlington benefits from its compact geography, making it easier to provide transportation to students countywide--something that would clearly be more difficult in places like Fairfax, Loudoun, Montgomery or Prince George's Counties or even the District.
School Kids Getting Smarter
Last year about this time I posted on the bicycles at Swanson Middle School. On the day I took that photo in 2008, there were thirteen bikes parked at the school. The picture here was taken in mid-October 2009, and shows fourteen bikes (and a scooter that you can't quite see). So that's a slight uptick from last year. I was pleased to see that there are still kids who are smart enough to know that riding a bike to school is probably the quickest way--allowing them to sleep in longer in the morning and get where they want to go sooner in the afternoon.
A couple of days later I was walking by again, and there were eighteen bikes! I guess they are getting smarter. Now it's time for the school to install a couple more racks, because there are only ten racks with room for two bikes on each--twenty total capacity.
(Click on photos for larger versions)
Demographics: Friend or Foe?
I've written on demographics before (here related to environment and here related to transportation infrastructure). Many articles I see associated with low fertility in countries like Italy and Japan focus on how that is a problem because of how it strains their economic structure. Other demographic articles that deal with environment focus on how our large and growing population has overstrained our planet. Agreed.
What this article points out is fertility rates are dropping amazingly fast in many countries. For instance from 1984 to 2006 it dropped from 7 to 1.9 in Iran. They accurately use the word "astonishing" to describe that. Fertility rates are anchored in social norms, so it's difficult to imagine social trends changing faster than that. In fact, I have a difficult time imagine them changing that fast period.
I am going to quote the last three paragraphs from the story directly, because it articulates our position here on the earth better than I ever could:
"In principle, there are three ways of limiting human environmental impacts: through population policy, technology and governance. The first of those does not offer much scope. Population growth is already slowing almost as fast as it naturally could. Easier access to family planning, especially in Africa, could probably lower its expected peak from around 9 billion to perhaps 8.5 billion. Only Chinese-style coercion would bring it down much below that; and forcing poor people to have fewer children than they want because the rich consume too many of the world's resources would be immoral.
If population policy can do little more to alleviate environmental damage, then the human race will have to rely on technology and governance to shift the world's economy towards cleaner growth. Mankind needs to develop more and cheaper technologies that can enable people to enjoy the fruits of economic growth without destroying the planet's natural capital. That's not going to happen unless governments both use carbon pricing and other policies to encourage investment in those technologies and constrain the damage that economic development does to biodiversity.
Falling fertility may be making poor people's lives better, but it cannot save the Earth. That lies in our own hands."
Carbon Offsets Not a Mirage Post 2
I countered their contention that employing cap and trade would not result in the required emissions reductions to get us started down the path to a low-carbon economy. They opined that cap and trade would not jumpstart a revolution in renewable energy; I countered that it would spur efforts in energy efficiency, which represent a significant untapped opportunity.
The larger point they made in the op-ed was that the inclusion of carbon offsets in the proposed climate legislation in both the House and Senate would "guarantee failure" of the bills. That's a pretty strong contention: "guarantee failure." I could not disagree more, and I am supported in this opinion by Dan Lashof, director of the climate center of the Natural Resources Defense Council.
Here's a quick primer on carbon offsets:
Carbon offsets represent emission reductions that occur in one place but are credited somewhere else, generally because they are paid for by the entity in the "somewhere else." For instance, landfills that are not required to capture the methane their waste produces as it decomposes generally will vent that methane (a potent greenhouse gas), because it's cheaper than putting in place the technology to capture it. However, an outside investor could help finance that technology in exchange for the emissions reductions that will result. Those emissions are "carbon offsets," and they can be used to "offset" emissions reductions that would otherwise be required by the financing entity.
It is easy to find criticisms of carbon offsets. Some people have compared them to Medieval Indulgences--just a way to assuage guilt. Others, including Williams and Zabel, claim that they don't actually result in any emissions reductions because of "additionality" problems or poorly designed or regulated projects. Both of these are issues worth addressing, but they are wrong that these issues will result in failure. On the contrary, by instituting strong offset provisions, these bills will accomplish more emissions reductions faster while potentially helping to build momentum for greenhouse gas reductions across the economy.
Let's take "additionality" first. What is "additionality?" Simply, it's the term used to describe whether a project would have happened anyway. . ."additional." This is a simple idea, but fairly difficult to pin down in any particular circumstance, since it requires the ability to know what would have happened instead. In many cases, that might require mind reading. The fact that additionality is difficult to know perfectly does not mean that every project is worthless or that it's not possible to make intelligent judgments. Quite the opposite, in fact. Every carbon offset certification organization has well thought out additionality requirements.
While I was at Carbonfund.org we partnered with a not-for-profit organization called Paso Pacifico on a project that was certified by the Climate, Community and Biodiversity Alliance (CCBA), called Return to Forest. This project is about as additional as one can imagine. Former pastureland that was lying fallow was restored to forest through carbon offset financing from Carbonfund.org's donors. Without this funding, the forests that are growing there now would not exist. They are "additional;" they could not have possibly occurred otherwise. Better even is that CCBA has additional requirements to benefit local communities and biodiversity. So this project, which was financed through carbon offsets, provides significant ancillary benefits at no additional costs. CCBA, as well as other certifying organizations, also has strict requirements to make sure plans and finances are in place to manage projects for decades into the future.
I personally like forestry projects even though there are dissenting views on this subject--even from other environmentalists (like Joe Romm). My reasoning comes down to one simple idea. Half of all the forests that existed 8,000 years ago are gone. We have to put them back as one of the key strategies in our battle against climate disruption. We have to put them back. If carbon offset financing helps us do that (and it does), then let's go! If we're worried about permanence (they might burn down or be killed by disease), we can compensate by underestimating the climate benefits for each project such that in total the climate benefits are still better than originally estimated. (Also, project insurance--which doesn't really exist yet--could help overcome this issue.) Listen, no one is investing the kind of money needed to reforest the planet on the scale required just through charitable efforts or even national and international government investments. Well designed carbon offset schemes can help.
Return to Forest is just one example of a project that is clearly additional. Additionality can be somewhat subjective and has been the topic of much debate for years in offset circles. That's why offset certifying organizations have worked so hard to put in place additionality requirements. Perhaps they are not perfect, but by dealing with this issue, they have helped solidify confidence in the markets for carbon offsets.
I used a forestry example, but projects of all types can meet additionality criteria. In fact, Joe Romm himself, who has generally been against most offset schemes, comes out in favor of offsets in Waxman-Markey, because they meet both additionality issues and are fraud resistant.
Which is the other issue Williams and Zabel bring up. They point out a couple of examples of dubious projects that don't actually reduce any emissions or are fraudulent. Well, sure, I can find examples of fraud everywhere, but that doesn't indict the entire system. Just because some bad mortgage loans were made doesn't mean we scrap mortgages entirely as a way of financing homes. No, we just improve our systems to reduce the problems and keep the benefits. Same with offsets. Williams and Zabel say that these problems "cannot be solved by certification or verification processes." They offer no evidence of that; they just baldly assert it. Well, I can say au contraire--we have the tools to overcome issues of fraud, measurement and additionality, and they are already being used in the offset markets and are continuously being improved.
So I must respectfully disagree with Williams and Zabel. Offsets will help meet our reduction targets at lower costs while also putting money towards a wider variety of projects and strategies than would occur without them. Insomuch as international offsets are also allowed, that will help spur investment in other places in the world, too--which is a good thing for fighting climate change.
Carbon Offsets Not a Mirage, But an Important Tool
Here's a quote:
"Confidence in the certainty of declining caps is based on the mistaken assumption that cap-and trade was proven in the EPA's acid rain program. In fact, addressing acid rain required relatively minor modifications to coal-fired power plants... In contrast, the issues presented by climate change cannot be solved by tweaks to facilities; it requires an energy revolution through investments in building clean-energy facilities. The biggest obstacle to this revolution is that uncontrolled fossil fuel energy remains much cheaper than clean energy.
Cap-and-trade alone will not create confidence that clean energy will become profitable within a known time frame and so will not ignite the huge shift in investment needed to begin the clean-energy revolution."
The energy revolution they claim is needed is required--eventually (and, I would agree, the sooner the better). But right now we already possess the tools and technologies to reduce our carbon emissions by up to 40%--and at a profit. It's called energy efficiency. Steven Chu, Secretary of Energy, has reduced the energy use in his house by almost 50% with relatively small effort (as he blogged on Huffpost). Similarly, with a lesser effort than he, I have reduced the energy use in my house by an estimated 20-30% with relatively minor investments. And there's lots more I can and should do. Most buildings can reduce their energy use by 30% or more at a net-zero cost. Buildings alone account for 40% of our greenhouse gas emissions, so we can get 12% reductions in total emissions without doing anything else than profitably improving efficiency in buildings. California has held emissions per person constant for almost 30 years while it's rising everywhere else in the US.
The United States emits about double the greenhouse gases per dollar of GDP as Japan. That's not because Japan is a generation ahead of us in clean energy generation. It's because they are a generation ahead of us in using the currently existing energy efficiency opportunities that are right in front of us. Because energy is more expensive there, they have learned to be more judicious and smarter with it.
Cap and trade will make energy more expensive here--although probably not by as much as Williams and Zabel (and I for that matter) would like it to be to force a truly rapid revolution. However, the cap will compel companies to find ways to reduce their emissions. It's true that if the cap were declining rapidly and the only solution were renewable energy, that the concept might fail, but that's not the case; renewable energy is not the only solution. We can easily meet the emissions targets in Waxman-Markey or Kerry-Boxer with technologies and practices that are already widely available. At the same time, these bills contain additional incentives to help push investment towards the development of more renewable energy above and beyond what the cap-and-trade component of the bills might drive by themselves.
So Williams and Zabel are wrong that we cannot take the lessons from Acid Rain and apply it to carbon emissions. In fact, at the time the Acid Rain Program was put in place, many industry studies assumed that it would require very expensive scrubber technology to meet the emissions targets required. The power plant owners discovered that, in many cases, they could meet those targets more economically by switching to a different fuel, or shutting down the dirtiest plants. The costs, it turned out, were much lower than even the most optimistic predictions of environmentalists and only 10% the costs that the industry had predicted. Not only that, but for much of the history of the program, the utilities have actually emitted far less than the cap required, because they were able to find other ways to do so that were cheap.
Williams and Zabel are similarly assuming that there is only one solution and that solution is untenable. The beauty of using cap and trade is that other solutions will also be found, in many cases ones we may not have thought of. In this case, we don't even have to be surprised, though, because the most obvious and cheapest solution is already staring us in the face. Put the cap and trade in place so we can unleash the energy efficiency revolution.


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Last Monday, March 14, 2011, Sergeant Kent Bragg unveiled the department's newest award, the Physical Readiness Initiative for Developing Excellence, or P.R.I.D.E. ribbon.
This award is presented to members of the department who have earned an overall percentage of 80% or higher on the Cooper Aerobics physical fitness scale. This percentage indicates that officers are in better shape than 80% of people world-wide who fall under the same age demographic. Those officers who earn a 90% or higher are authorized to wear a silver star in the center of the P.R.I.D.E. ribbon.
The officers who were recognized last Monday for scoring in the 80%-89% for their age demographic and are authorized to wear the P.R.I.D.E. ribbon were Corporal Schwartz, Officer Stoll, Officer Harris, and Officer Sommer. Chief Marass and Sergeant Bragg scored within the 90%-99% for their age demographic and are authorized to wear the ribbon with a silver star.
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Copyright © 2009-2020 Rochester Police Department.


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Race Politics and the Debate Over Immigration in Bermuda
Where Migrants are Privileged
By Angela Wright.
On July 25, 2014, over 500 Bermudians gathered to protest against a government decision they perceived as harmful to Bermudians. Two days earlier, Home Affairs Minister Michael Fahy announced in the Senate that the One Bermuda Alliance (OBA) decided to reverse its appeal of an earlier verdict by Chief Justice Ian Kawaley — allowing two permanent resident certificate holders (PRC) to obtain Bermuda status and therefore vote in Bermuda's elections. As the protestors — an almost exclusively black and working class crowd — marched through Bermuda's capital, they chanted: 'What do we want? Justice!'
What is it about non-Bermudians being conferred the right to vote that makes many black and working class Bermudians feel disenfranchised? To answer this, one must understand how the oligarchy — Bermuda's economic elite — historically manipulated immigration policies to entrench its hegemony in Bermudian society and intentionally marginalise black and working class Bermudians.
The oligarchy. Descended from Bermuda's earliest white settlers, these families grew most of their wealth from slavery, privateering, and seafaring during the 17th to 19th centuries. Throughout this era, the oligarchy used immigration policies to secure its supremacy over Bermudian society. From banishing free blacks during slavery to intentionally courting white European emigrants in the post-emancipation period — discriminatory voting practices also accompanied these immigration policies. Ultimately, white Bermudians held disproportional voting power.
When a restless black population directly challenged its hegemony, the oligarchy increased the property voting requirements and created two new policies: the 'plural vote' and the 'foreign vote' — the 'plural vote' gave wealthy landowners a vote in each parish where they met the property requirements and the 'foreign vote' gave non-Bermudian British subjects the right to vote after residing in Bermuda for 3 years. Despite these attempts, a relentless black protest movement secured many civil rights victories and the last restriction to equitable voting was dropped in 1979. It is this past of discriminatory immigration and voting practices that weighs heavily on the contemporary immigration debate in Bermuda.
There are three main discourses operating simultaneously to frame this debate. First, the OBA and many of their supporters employ rhetoric about the fragile Bermudian economy — Bermuda has been experiencing a recession since 2009 after fallout from the 2008 global financial crisis — to insist that supporting the international business sector is the only way Bermuda will be able to maintain its economic prosperity. By re-imagining Bermuda's potential future as one of poverty and despair, the OBA states that lenient immigration policies will ensure the success of the international business sector and thus the success of Bermuda. A common thread of this discourse is the use of 'trickle down' economic rhetoric contending that the conferment of privileges to corporate executives will lead to increased employment and a higher standard of living for Bermudians.
Second, the Progressive Labour Party (PLP) and its supporters argue that black Bermudians remain marginalised despite decades of social and economic progress. Because historical discriminatory policies intentionally targeted blacks, many Bermudians see the current PRC issue as further proof of this marginalisation and disenfranchisement. Part of this resentment stems from the fact that foreign workers earn on average 40% more than Bermudian workers and whites earn on average 50% more than blacks. According to Bermuda's Department of Statistics, the median income for Bermudians is $57,414, but it is $80,906 for non-Bermudians. The median income for whites and blacks is $84,468 and $55,959 respectively.
Third, the OBA and many of its supporters reject any notion of historical trajectory and dismiss the concerns expressed by the PLP as xenophobia. They stress that any insertion of historical or contemporary race politics into the debate on immigration is divisive and an impediment to social and racial harmony in Bermuda.
Minister Fahy asserted that the government was not thinking about race politics when making their decision about PRC holders. This points to a fundamental divide in the current contestation over immigration policies in Bermuda. Black Bermudians interpret immigration policies through the prism of racial justice while white Bermudians state race is irrelevant to the implementation of these policies. The history of racial injustice is more salient to black Bermudians because they perceive race as more directly affecting their lives. Conversely, many white politicians and other white Bermudians take the contemporary notion of the 'racelessness' of Bermudian politics for granted because as whites — who have seldom been affected by the history of racialised socio-economic policies — they have the privilege of not having to consider the ways political decisions may adversely affect other people in Bermuda.
The past weighs unevenly on the peoples of Bermuda. For many black and working class Bermudians, remnants of Bermuda's historical injustices can still be found. Although the oligarchy no longer holds unyielding power over the country's political and electoral process, some of the mechanisms — which it used to sustain its hegemony over Bermudian society for over three centuries — persistently reoccur. The uneven and often disparate relationship to this past of historical privilege and injustice has left contemporary Bermudian society fractured along racial and class lines.
PLP parliamentarian Michael Weeks wrote about the 'two Bermudas,' each subject to a different set of laws and given different privileges. He concluded, 'we will never be satisfied as long as injustice, inequity and the opportunity for each of us to reach our full potential is restricted.' For the PLP and many black Bermudians, historical injustices will always be relevant. Regardless of how their critics attempt to frame them, they will not stop until their voices are heard, and justice is truly served.


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- Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II
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|Kevin Koy
|University of California, Berkeley College of Natural Resources University of California, Berkeley Geospatial Innovation Facility
|Estimating impacts of warming temperatures on California's electricity system Estimating Risk to California Energy Infrastructure from Projected Climate Change
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|Iowa State University Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences
|A Possible Constraint on Regional Precipitation Intensity Changes under Global Warming
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|American Indians, Climate Change, and Ethics for a Warming World. University of Colorado Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 08-19
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|Examining relationships between climate change and mental health in the Circumpolar North
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|A proposal for a new scenario framework to support research and assessment in different climate research communities The representative concentration pathways: an overview RCP2.6: exploring the possibility to keep global mean temperature increase below 2°C The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment
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|Case study on potential agricultural responses to climate change in a California landscape Potential for adaptation to climate change in an agricultural landscape in the Central Valley of California. Publication number: CEC-500-2009-044-F
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|Marc G. Kramer
|University of Florida Soil and Water Science Department Washington State University Vancouver
|second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report chapter 9 : Forests Sensitivity of summer stream temperatures to climate variability in the Pacific Northwest second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report chapter 11 : Arctic and Boreal Carbon
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|Emergent crowns and light-use complementarity lead to global maximum biomass and leaf area in Sequoia sempervirens forests
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|JCOMM in situ Observations Programme Support Centre
|Changes in Ocean Heat, Carbon Content, and Ventilation: A Review of the First Decade of GO-SHIP Global Repeat Hydrography
|Richard S. Krannich
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|Social change in natural resource-based rural communities: the evolution of sociological research and knowledge as influenced by William R. Freudenburg
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|Evaluating penalized logistic regression models to predict heat-related electric grid stress days Developing a Framework for Regional Integrated Assessment Modeling Investigating the nexus of climate, energy, water, and land at decision-relevant scales: the Platform for Regional Integrated Modeling and Analysis (PRIMA)
|Mary J. Kraus
|University of Colorado Department of Geological Sciences
|Two massive, rapid releases of carbon during the onset of the Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum
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|U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Research and Development Center
|Enhancing geomorphic and biologic functions and values on backshores and dunes of developed shores: a review of opportunities and constraints


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Remote Sensor Monitor - A RESTful Web Server
Ganesh_AT posted a topic in 3rd party solutionsRemote Sensor Monitor is a small freeware Windows console application (requires .NET 4.0) that initially started out with support for HWiNFO, GPU-Z and Open Hardware Monitor. With v2.1.0, support for AIDA64 has also been added. Please test out and provide feedback / bug reports. If you find this tool helpful, spread the word and leave a note here Background: Command Line Options: Usage: Version History: v2.1.0: Release Notes: 1. Added support for AIDA64 sensor / data reporting 2. Removed external DLL dependency for GPU-Z shared memory access v2.0.1: Release Notes: 1. Fixed bug related to certain sensors being reported multiple times in Hyper-V enabled machines v2.0.0: Release Notes: 1. Initial public releas Remote.Sensor.Monitor.v.2.1.0.zip
Shared Memory - Add CPU Speed per Core
timiman posted a topic in BrainstormingHello. I'm using the Shared Memory option of AIDA64 to send out many sensors' data to my application (G15/G19 Smart Process). Is there a way to add to the Shared Memory the sensors that shows the speed in MHz of the available CPU Cores ? It would be great if you do. Thank you and keep the good work !


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Manchester Hospitality Network is a group of hospitality professionals based in Manchester with the purpose to support and assist one another within their roles. Created by four of Manchester's most well-established sales and marketing professionals within hospitality the group hosts various networking groups, training sessions and support events across Manchester.
Sitting on The Board of Manchester Hospitality Network is Greg Maguire, Jake Ogden, Becky Wilkes and Charlotte Felton. The Board are committed to assist in providing a platform for support and ongoing career opportunities. They have shown great evidence in effective recruitment referrals, business introductions, support within the hospitality sector and most of all, hosting incredible events.
The membership for MHN ranges from Direct Hospitality Members to Corporate Hospitality. Both memberships offer fantastic benefits across the city, not only professionally but personally too. You will have access to monthly networking events, new business introductions, training sessions and support. Each month, MHN members will be invited to attend different events to meet new people to grow their own database as well as a continuous support from The Board.
Sales, Marketing and Business Developers of Manchester Restaurants, Bars and Hotels.
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Q: "Guruji, some people don't shave during Navaratri, some don't shave on Thursdays. Are there any such rules?"
Guruji: "The first rule only applies to people who fast all nine days and/or are indulged in special rituals during that time of the year. As far as weekdays go, some people don't shave on Mondays or Tuesdays, some on Thursdays. There are no set rules about it. In fact, I've seen some south Indian Brahmins who especially get a clean shave, wash their hair, and get all tidy and cleaned up on Thursdays. Different regions have different traditions."
Q: "I've realized that around 11pm in the night, I feel a sudden peace inside myself and in the surroundings."
Guruji: "It shows that your body and mind have started getting ready for practice at that time. Your body is beginning to get tuned for it, so now it has become your physical need. This is why regular practice is so important. A set time develops a craving in your body for the kriya practice, and your heart and mind feel an immediate sense of peace. You will be in the mood to practice."
Q: "I thought that peace descends due to the calm of the night."
Guruji: "No, that's not true; the real reason is regular practice. If the night time was the real reason, the entire world would be meditating at that time. Whatever time you choose for practice, stick to it and slowly your biological clock will begin to get activated at that time automatically. It'll be like an alarm clock.
"After prolonged practice, that mood will stay throughout the day – each and every second. The practices we are doing right now form a continuous cycle of effects. For example, the lunch we eat in the afternoon has its effect till dinner, which in turn has its effect till breakfast. Similarly, the morning practice supports the evening practice and vice versa. And once that cycle forms, the person starts to feel an entirely different level of awareness and consciousness."
Q: "Yes, I do have a high feeling throughout the day. Is that what you are talking about?"
Guruji: "Not just that, it must also be helping you perform better. That is essentially the development of consciousness. For example, any problem you face now, you'll be able to think of it from different angles and the possible solutions. You'll be able to see things and situations in their totality. I feel only people who reach this level of performance and consciousness are capable of doing extraordinary planning in life. Such people reach closer to the forth dimension we call Kaal or Time, and so naturally whatever they do will have a very long term effect on them and their coming generations.
"Why do you think self knowledge is important? It is important, so at least we can understand the purpose of our birth, and the purpose of spending time on earth. Why are we here, where have we come from, and what is our total potential aimed for? To answer these questions Nature will itself guide you towards your destiny. What we call as luck and chance is actually nothing but Nature prompting you on. Nothing happens by chance. It is actually Nature that guides all things around."
Q: "So what is our role in this play of Nature? Is it just to keep moving ahead wherever it is guiding us?"
Guruji: 'Our role is to keep getting more and more tuned with Nature. We talk about yoga, which literally means union, connection. Through yoga we are aiming for this connectivity with God, with the consciousness of Earth. We are all living on earth and along on our paths, we should realize it someday that whatever we are doing is somewhere guided by Mother Earth herself. In that case, if we are able to form a connectivity with Earth, her will will start getting executed through us, and this may even lead to the ultimate evolution – final transformation in the womb of Mother Earth! (read this discussion). I sometimes feel that this ultimate evolution is the driving force behind everything."
Q: "You had mentioned that it takes ages to bring a man who is able to reach such levels."
Guruji: "Yes, that's absolutely true. And if we flip through the pages of history, such men have mostly been either yogis or avatars (incarnation of gods). Avatars are fully evolved souls who came back to earth to take birth.
"We can easily explain this through the process of union of sperm and ova. Initially, there are millions of sperms fighting for a union with ovum. But ultimately only one sperm which shows some signs of evolution gets that chance, with the support of Nature. It's Nature only which not helps the sperm with the union, but also transforms it then after. Similarly, through yoga we are aiming for a union with the super-ovum of Mother Earth, and once that union takes place, the reins completely fall into the hands of Nature. After that, whatever transformation takes place will be mind-boggling and beyond all imagination!
Terms like self-realization and god-realization have been repeated way too often in the world. I am very tired of hearing their different interpretations as they do not convey the actual meaning of evolution properly. And think of the confusion these terms have caused in the world. Their vague explanations have led to the formation of thousands of cults and sects. Even though according to Earth time these cults don't last even for the blink of an eye, but being sperms we have to bear all the confusion around (laughs).
"My suggestion is always to Think BIG and then Think BIGGER. Why be a miser in building castles in the air? They are just a flight of imagination, so make them as big as you can. The bigger you'll think, the more you'll progress. This is just an exercise for the mind. Make plans taking the entire life into consideration; think of life in its totality."
[20090802] Conversation recorded on April 3, 2003


text: Suggestions for forum Dec 22, 2012 8:58:15 GMT -5 Quote Select PostDeselect PostLink to PostMemberGive GiftBack to Top Post by Scumhunter on Dec 22, 2012 8:58:15 GMT -5 I created this forum because the AMW.COM message board is down and I'm not sure if it will ever return since it's from it's Fox days. If it ever does return I'll probably just delete this forum unless other people think it's a good idea to keep it. That is why at the moment I'm the only person here and talking to myself. So that is why this is on a free forum server for the time being. But if it turns out AMW.com's message boards will seemingly not come back, where is a good place to make a permanent message board? Keep it here? A facebook group? Yahoo group? .com paid site (I pay, free for members) so it looks more professional?Suggestions welcome!


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Updated 5:49: With that Sen. Leahy gaveled the third day of hearings to a close, approx a midway through the Senators' second round of questioning for the nominee. The Committee is in recess until 9:30 tomorrow morning. We'll resume then. Thanks, everyone..
Updated 5:48 Sen. Cardin has for the first time asked Judge Sotomayor about the First Amendment's prohibitions on establishing a religion and interfering with the free exercise of religion. Judge Sotomayor is providing a pretty thorough descripton of her ruling in a case in this area.
Updated 5:43: Sen. Grassley just ran through the by now typical Republican litanny of publicly criticizing Judge Sotomayor's speeches and in this case, criticizing her ruling in the property rights case Didden. Nothing new here. Now Sen. Cardin (D-Maryland) is questioning Sotomayor. Chairman Leahy has said this will be the last questionner of the day.
Updated 5:27: Judge Sotomayor uses the term "I have no quarrel" which conservatives such as Clarence Thomas have used to described their view on Roe v. Wade. She then corrects herself saying "I have no quarrel sounds equivocal," and then says more forcefully, "I believe..."
Updated 5:23: In reponse to a question about Baker v. Nelson, a 1972 case which Sen. Grassley (R-Iowa) seems to believe prevents the Supreme Court from exercising jurisdiction over cases involving same-sex marriage, Judge Sotomayor gets into the question of what to do when two precedents of the Supreme Court come into conflict. This process of choosing between two potentially applicable precedents is one of those functions of a Supreme Court justice which makes "applying the law to the facts" less than a mechanical ("umpire"-like) process.
Updated 5:17: Sen. Feingold has now moved on to the incredibly important issue teed up by the Supreme Court's decision to have re-argued, in September, Citizens United v FEC , which raises the question of the extent to which Congress can regulate corporate expenditures around elections. Fairly predictably, Judge Sotomayor declines to say anything about her views on this topic, including what the Constitution says about corporations. (The answer, for those following out there, is "nothing:" the Constitution never says the word "corporation.")
Updated 5:12: Sen. Feingold has launched into our first discussion of the Supreme Court's recent ruling in Caperton v. Massey (similar to the case in the John Grisham book "The Appeal"). The Supreme Court split 5-4 along ideological lines in Caperton, with the majority finding that the Constitution required an elected West Virginia Supreme Justice who had recieved most of his campaign funds provided by one coal company executive to recuse himself from an important appeal involving that coal company.
Updated 5:08 We're back, and Sen. Russ Feingold is up now. (D-Wisconsin)
Updated 4:54: Leahy just called a 15-minute recess. We'll be back shortly.
Updated 4:50: Sen. Hatch returns Judge Sotomayor to President Obama's views of judging and asks specifically about his use of the term "empathy." Sotomayor is gentler on the President than she was yesterday. She says that while she can't speak for him and can only speak for herself, understanding perspective can inform the way one looks at a legal issue but cannot dictate its outcome.
Updated 4:46: In a 1999 speech at Columbia Law School Judge Sotomayor had a lovely passage defining justice: "an elegant and beautiful word that moves people to believe that the law is something special." In an answer to Sen. Hatch just now about how Court of Appeals judges do justice, Judge Sotomayor described justice in a far less inspiring justice, as simply "setting precedent for lower courts."
Updated 4:29: Sen. Kohl (D-Wisconsin) is raising a new issue for the first time, the heightened pleading requirements (which make it more difficult for plaintiffs in many antitrust and other suits to maintain a lawsuit) of Bell Atlantic v. Twombly. This is an example where a conservative majority on the Court has been "legislating", if you will, effectively enacting judicially-imposed tort reform.
Updated 4:24: Interesting, perhaps, that Judge Sotomayor refers to the plurality opinion in Planned Parenthood v. Casey, as the best articulation of the factors for applying the doctrine of stare decisis. Useful here that she points to Justice John Marshall Harlan's brilliant dissenting opinion in Plessy as the basis for arguing that Brown was not simply overturning a prior ruling, but Brown was returning to the true original meaning of the Equal Protection Clause of our Constitution.
Updated 4:17: Sen. Kohl is getting back into a question of when it's appropriate to overrule precedent, pointing out that landmark cases like Brown v. Board of Education have overturned prior rulings (in that case, overruling Plessy v. Ferguson.)
Updated 4:13: Sen. Sessions is doing an effective job comparing Judge Sotomayor's remarks at her hearing and a speech she gave in April regarding the use of foreign law. The speech does seem pretty clear in agreeing with the views of Justice Ginsburg about citation to foreign law, and disagreeing with the contrary views of Justice Thomas and Justice Scalia. Judge Sotomayor's right in the speech, Justice Ginsburg has the better of this argument. Why doesn't she just say that now? (Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito quite agressively agreed with and defended the position taken by Justice Scalia and Justice Thomas.)
Updated 4:06: Judge Sotomayor says something forcefully here, that she could have helpfully clarified before: I have not pre-judged the question that the Supreme Court left open in Heller, which is whether the Second Amendment is incorporated against the states. That's a fair question to ask her in this area, and she's now clearly answered it, though her assertion that the Second Amendment is not "fundamental" continues to rankle the Republicans.
Updated 4:02 : Sen. Sessions, on more "wise Latina." (Drink if you're still playing along.) Guns too. Not sure either side is making any headway here.
Updated 3:55: Sen. Leahy has just asked Judge Sotomayor about the constitutionally-secured right to counsel recognized in Gideon v. Wainwright. In response she tells a nice story about how she voluntarily continued to serve as the Second Circuit's Criminal Justice Act coordinator, far longer than any other judge on the Second Circuit.
Updated 3:50 Strange. Sen. Max Baucus just entered the room and walked away with Chuck Grassley. Must be something happening on healthcare?
Updated 3:46: Lilly Ledbetter, a Supreme Court plaintiff so famous she appeared at the Democratic National Convention in August, just made her first appearance in a question by Chairman Leahy, along with Savannah Redding, the plaintiff in the case this term involving a strip search of her when she was 13 years old. Sen. Leahy talks about these rulings as illustrating why we need diversity and real life experience on the bench.
Updated 3:41: After his own mic apparently failed, Sen. Leahy has moved into Franken's seat, letting Franken briefly chair the hearings -- something we say is fully warranted by Sen. Franken's recent masterful questioning of Senator. We'll upload a photo of Franken playing chair ASAP.
Updated 3:35: Okay we're about to get started again. Looks like the break was even shorter than Sen. Leahy expected, because they're filing back into the room. Must not have been anything interesting in Judge Sotomayor's FBI file. After two and a half hours of nothing but Democratic questioning, Republicans will finally get back in the game in this, the second round of questioning. With the last two Democrats raising questions about whether Judge Sotomayor was adequately answering questions, it will be interesting to see whether Republicans start picking up more agressively with this complaint.
Updated 3:10: Franken ended his questions by returning to Perry Mason and stumping Judge Sotomayor with a question about the one case Perry Mason lost. Anyone out there know the answer to this?
Leahy then gaveled the hearing into recess for the private session between the Committee and the nominee regarding her FBI background check. The hearing is scheduled to resume later this afternoon, whenever that meeting is done. Stay tuned.
Updated 3:09 Franken seems to be moving a bit from his textualism in making the point that the word "privacy" does not appear in the Constitution, yet the Court has long recognized that protection for privacy. He concludes by suggesting it's not "relevant" whether words are in the Constitution, which may be going too far. But it is certainly true that words that express bedrock constitutional principles including federalism, checks and balances, and separation of powers never appear in the Constitution, yet have long appropriately guided the Supreme Court's jurisprudence.
Updated 3:01: Sorry this is so late in the day. Here'e our view from the Skybox. You'll see the New Haven firefighters in the section behind (and to the left of) Sotomayor, and the heads of Sens. Klobuchar, Kaufman, and Specter in the bottom of the photo.
Updated 2:54: Perhaps the greatest textualist in Supreme Court history was Justice Hugo Black, and homespun former Senator from Alabama. Sen. Franken so far seems to aspire to pick up on Black's mantle. I love this guy.
Updated 2:53: Al Franken has just become my favorite Senator on this Committee, pulling out his pocket Constitution and reading the Fifteenth Amendment, while complaining about the Supreme Court's decision to call into question the Voting Rights Act. Why has taken this long for a Democratic Senator to make this point this effectively??
Updated 2:47: Sen. Franken is not a lawyer, but he's effectively pushing against Judge Sotomayor's statement that Court's only follow Congress and interpret congressional legislation. In fact, under the First Amendment frequently set the parameters for what Congress may and may not do. (Score one for the "People's Representative")
Update 2:42: Franken's now making a passionate case for net neutrality, discussing the Supreme Court's 2005 ruling in a case called Brand X. He's surely playing effectively here to the Netroots community.
Updated 2:40: Al Franken's starting off now, on familiar territory -- talking about his love of Perry Mason. But he comes around to an interesting point, which is that Judge Sotomayor watched Perry Mason, decided she wanted to be a prosecutor rather than a defense attorney (as Perry Mason was), but this point ended up going nowhere, and ended up sounding a bit like Lake Wobegon.
Updated 2:35: Another long speech from Sen. Specter about fascinating topics including Bush v. Gore, ending with antoher fairly pedestrian question about whether Judge Sotomayor will support having cameras in the Court.
Updated 2:33: Putting a sharper point on his criticism of Judge Sotomayor for not answering, Specter says (jokes??) that Sotomayor's record is "exemplary," though her answers are another matter. But he then clarifies, appropriately, that she will be judged more on her record than her answers.
Updated 2:30: More powerfully than anyone else so far this hearing, Sen. Specter just criticized Chief Justice Roberts for saying one thing when he was a nominee and doing another as a justice, chronicling his statements about "deference" to Congress as a nominee, and his statements as a justice evaluating the Voting Rights Act. It's not clear whether Sen. Specter is referring here to Robert's statements in oral argument or his opinion in the "NAMUDNO" (Voting Rights Act) case. We have a good overview of that ruling here.
Updated 2:26: From our view above and behind Sen. Specter's head, we can see that he actually has printed out Supreme Court cases in front of him. He's getting into now one of the most important issues in modern constitutional law and one of the issues that is most sharply dividing the current Supreme Court. In a nakedly activist ruling by the Supreme Court in City of Bourne v. Florez (1997), establishing an entirely new test for the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress under the post-Civil War Amendments. The conservatives on the Court have lined up behind this test, and threatened this term to strike down the Voting Rights Act for exceeding congressional authority under these amendments. The Court's progressives have aggressively dissented. This is a key area for progressives to talk about the activism of the Roberts Court, and Sen. Specter is pushing Judge Sotomayor hard to take sides on this issue.
Updated 2:21: Sen. Specter is pushing Judge Sotomayor on his idea that the Court's core holding in Roe v. Wade -- that a woman has a constitutionally-protected right to choose -- should be considered a "super precedent" because of how many cases that have reaffirmed this holding. Judge Sotomayor doesn't adopt this terminology.
Updated 2:19: Something that's been a little surprising this hearing is how little attention has been directed to the question of whether Judge Sotomayor is "answering" questions, something that has been a major issue in past confirmation hearings. Interesting that some of the most pointed remarks on this are coming from Senator Specter, who is now on the Democratic side of the ledger.
Updated 2:12: After a long, passionate speech about the role of the Court, Sen. Specter asks a fairly pedestrian question about the size of the Supreme Court's caseload. After Judge Sotomayor fails to give an immediately responsive answer, Specter moves on to another question.
Updated 2:11: Sen. Specter is burnishing his progressive chops, defending both empathy in judicial decisionmaking and the Warren Court, while defending his long ago, and courageous at the time (because he was a Republican then) vote against Robert Bork.
Updated 2:07: Okay we're back and starting again with Sen. Specter (D-Pennsylvania), and getting toward the end of the string of five Democrats. After starting in a promising fashion with some effective questioning about constitutional first principles and the progressive promise of the Constitution, things bogged down considerably during Sen. Klobuchar's detour into the role of the prosecutor and Sen. Kaufman's detour into the nuances of corporate law. Let's see if the oldest new Democrat can get things back on track.
Updated 1:00: Okay Leahy has (finally!) called a lunch break. We'll be back at 2pm.
Updated 12:48: Since we're sitting above and behind Senators -- particularly the ones who are currently boring us -- we can look over and see what they see from their chairs. We're hungry and waiting for lunch, and just noticed Sen. Kaufman still has 12 whole minutes of questioning time remaining (and a clock in front of him that ticks down, second by second.)
Udpated 12:43: Sen. Kaufman just asked Judge Sotomayor whether Congress has the constitutional authority to regulate the financial markets. She declines to answer because such legislation may be passed and may be challenged. This seems over cautious: the Constitution gives Congress the authority to regulate interstate commerce. It's hard to imagine a law that fits more clearly within that authority than a statute regulating the financial market.
Update 12:37: Updated Sen. Kaufman seems to view his job here as reinforcing the idea that Delaware is a state that cares about business. His questions have focused almost entirely on fairly obscure aspects of corporate law. Judge Sotomayor ultimately comes to a pretty sophisticated articulation of why court rulings must be predictable, to ensure effective dealings between corporations. Can Sen. Kaufman give us a little smile from under those little glasses?
Updated 12:35: Having listened to her just talk about grain commodity training for 10 minutes, Sen. Kaufman (D-Delaware) asks her how that experience helped her as a judge. For a while at least, the question seemed to stump her.
Updated 12:31: Mkay, now we're talking grain commodity trading and orange peel. Really not sure where we're going with this. (Maybe she's filibustering till lunch.)
Updated 12:29: More bad baseball jokes. Then the Chairman turns to something truly important: the freezing cold temperatures in our "icebox," noting correctly that we are cheering the fact that the AC here is crapped out. The Senators and other people in the hearing room don't seem as pleased with this development.
Updated 12:25: Now we're talking about Miss America. Finally. Sotomayor and Klobuchar are discussing the sentencing disparity for white collar criminals, which I guess would include Miss America. (Does she wear a white collar??)
Updated 12:20: Judge Sotomayor is doing a nice job here pushing back on a policy complaint by Sen. Klobuchar about a recent ruling by the Supreme Court that requires lab workers to testify in person about lab results. Judge Sotomayor pretty powerfully notes that constitutional rights sometimes cause inconveniences to prosecutors and other government actors. (This term, a divided Supreme Court - with an odd line up including Justices Scalia and Stevens - held that the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment required in person testimony by lab workers.)
Updated 12:15: The lights in the room just flickered, apparently a brief power outage. It's probably been overloaded by pumping freezing air into HuffPo's skybox. (Or shall we call this the "icebox."?) Judge Sotomayor, as she has been throughout the hearing, is unflappable, calmingly asking the Chairman only for permission to continue an extremely detailed answer to a question about a "tough on crime" ruling she issued in a child pornography case. Meanwhile, Sen. Klobuchar is spending a lot of her time defending Judge Sotomayor as a "tough on crime" judge, though I'm not sure anyone on the other side has questioned her credentials here.
Updated 12:08: Judge Sotomayor is developing here an argument about how perspective and understanding helped her as a prosecutor to advance the broader cause of justice. This is an argument she developed much more fully in this speech from 1999. It's an effective argument that I thought would have come up before now. I think Judge Sotomayor's having a better day today than yesterday, helped in part by the fact that more of the questions today are coming from the friendlier side of the aisle.
Updated 12:02: Sen. Klobuchar started her questioning with a nice remark about how men and women have different perspectives and experiences, explaining how she had run into Judge Sotomayor's mother in the womens' room -- something no men on the Committee hopefully did. It sounds like Judge Sotomayor's mom would make a pretty interesting witness, if given a chance.
Updated 11:56: And we're back. Sen. Klobuchar (D-MN) is next. Leahy just laid out the schedule for the rest of the day, saying that after Sens Klobuchar and Kaufman we will break for lunch, after which Sens. Specter and Franken will ask there questions. Then the Committee will go into a private session so they can discuss Sotomayor's FBI background check, a standard formality.
Updated 11:36: Leahy has just called for a 15-minute recess. We'll resume liveblogging shortly.
Updated 11:33: So now we're talking about growing pot. Finally.
The issue is how to apply the Constitution's timeless words to new circumstances. In this case: can the police fly over your home and measure the thermal output to determine if you have heat lamps for growing pot? Not something James Madison spent a lot of time thinking about. Judge Sotomayor's doing a nice job of explaining the evolution of law in this context.
Updated 11:24: Sen. Whitehouse and the next four questioning Senators are all Democrats. This is where the number advantage by Democrats really comes into play, and it is their real opportunity to take over the narrative of the hearing. Sen. Whitehouse is starting things off well by focusing on places the Constitution points in a progressive direction.
Updated 11:22: Sen. Whitehouse is asking some very interesting questions about constitutional first principles here. He starts by talking about the jury system, which, as we've explained here, the Framers' viewed as the bulwark of democracy. Conservative justices, in a number of rulings over the past decade, have limited the role of juries. This is one of many areas where we have noted the text and history of the Constitution points in a progressive direction.
Updated 11:10: We've moved on to questions from Sheldon Whitehouse (D-Rhode Island). After hearing a lot about oaths yesterday, Sen. Whitehouse asks Sotomayor to take a pledge saying she will approach the law precisely the way she's said she will over the past day an a half. Unsurprisingly, she agreed.
Updated 11:09: Sen. Coburn has proven himself to be a pretty effective questioner here, from the conservative side of the ledger. Judge Sotomayor's attempt to explain the difference between "using" foreign law, on the one hand, and citation to foreign law on the other, probably struck most people as a pretty fine line.
Updated 11:02: Sen. Coburn has returned to questions about foreign law. We've discussed this issue here.
Updated 11:00: For the first time in this hearing, Sen. Coburn is really pushing Judge Sotomayor to provide her personal opinion on an issue, asking whether she personally believes that he has an individual right to self defense. Judge Sotomayor should try to explain that it is difficult for her to step outside of her role as a judge when discussing legal issues. I'm not sure how well this is going to fly, but Sen. Coburn gives her a bit of an out by saying he has the same problem sometimes in his role as a doctor.
Updated 10:55: Sen. Coburn is making some pretty effective rhetorical points about the Second Amendment, effectively making Judge Sotomayor's Maloney ruling (on gun rights) look legalistic. He also just powerfully articulated the fairly progressive history of the incorporated Second Amendment. As we've noted here, the reason we think the Second Amendment is incorporated against state action is because it was a clear intent of the founders of the Fourteenth Amendment to make sure that freed slaves had guns to protect their homes and families against the well-armed former confederate rebels.
Updated 10:48: From life, to death. And now to guns. We're back to yesterday's repeated questioning about whether Second Amendment rights are "fundamental," or just important.
Updated 10:45: Sen. Coburn is asking some fairly profound questions here, such as "Can states define what constitutes death?" Again, predictably, Judge Sotomayor responds, "It depends."
Updated 10:43: Sen. Coburn, a practicing doctor, is pushing Judge Sotomayor to discuss the intersection between the law and advances in medical technology, which has pushed forward the date of fetal viability. Judge Sotomayor is appropriately declining to answer given the possibility of these cases coming before her.
Updated 10:39: Sen. Coburn (R-Oklahoma), one of the more staunchly pro-life conservatives, just apologized to Judge Sotomayor for the recent outbursts of pro-life protestors, including of Jane Roe herself, who was arrested on Monday.
Updated 10:37: Sen. Cardin (D-Maryland) is asking Judge Sotomayor about her views on pro bono service by lawyers, and judicial involvement in their community. This gives Jufdge Sotomayor a nice opportunity to shine a more positive light on the many speeches she's given to public interest groups over the past two decades.
Updated 10:32: Sen. Cardin has been methodically looking through hot button issues such as affirmative action and privacy, laying out the progressive position on these issues. As you would expect is largely simply reciting what the Supreme Court has held in these areas.
Updated 10:23: Sotomayor doesn't really engaged Sen. Cardin here, simply explaining the deference she will give to Congress on environmental cases.
Updated 10:22: Sen. Cardin is now making an empassioned case against recent rulings by the Supreme Court that chip away at the foundations of environmental laws, including the Clean Water Act, the National Environmental Protection Act, and the Superfund law. Once again, for a good overview of the Court's 5 (of 5) anti-environmental rulings this term, click here.
Updated 10:18: This exchange between Sen. Cardin and Judge Sotomayor was an effective illustration of the Democrats' case that it's the Roberts Court that is being activist. Hopefully this will start a more concerted effort by Democratic Senators to go on the offense.
Updated 10:15: Sen. Cardin just asked a powerful question about judges' role in upholding congressional laws that protect civil rights, including the right to vote. Judge Sotomayor confirms that she has "passion" about the fundamental right to vote, and she is now discussing her powerful dissent in Hayden v. Pataki (which we discussed here).
Updated 10:12: For the first time Judge Sotomayor just compared her approach to that of her future colleagues, asserting that she will be an active questionner on the bench at oral argument. She specifically distances herself from the approach of Justice Thomas, who has questioned the utility of questionning at oral argument, and has himself not asked a question in two years. Nobody should expect that from Sotomayor.
Updated 10:08: Baseball continues to play a disproportionately large role in these hearings. Sen. Cardin just began his questions by claiming that Sotomayor not only saved baseball, but also protected Cal Ripkin's "ironman" streak of consecutive games played. Whatev's.
Updated 10:04: Back to the mind-numbing details of the Ricci New Haven firefighters case. For law geeks who want to explore this in more detail, click here. Judge Sotomayor, for the first time, makes the important point that 75% of cases in the Second Circuit are decided by "summary order" a point which undermines the Republican argument that this case was dismissive of the firefighters claims. Judge Sotomayor then appears to make what I believe is an erroneous statement, which she said yesterday too, that the district court ruling was 78 pages. I believe it was actually 48 pages, as has been noted. Surprised her team didn't catch this one.
Note, a number of New Haven white firefighters appear to be sitting in the audience today.
Updated 10:00: Sen. Cornyn asked a few new questions about Judge Sotomayor's views on reproductive choice. Sotomayor stated flat out that no one in the nomination process had asked her any questions about her specific views regarding legal issues. She also distanced herself from remarks by a former law partner of hers who had opined on Judge Sotomayor's likely view on reproductive choice, with Sotomayor saying, in effect, "I have no idea what he's talking about. And I don't know him all that well."
Updated 9:57: Judge Sotomayor just gave her clearest statement yet about how her perspective and understanding inform the law but don't change the law or what it commands. She needs to hammer this home with an example or two, such as the way Justice Ginsburg moved her colleagues on the Redding case involving the strip search of a 13 year-old girl.
Updated 9:46 As expected, Sen. Cornyn has started first by launching right into another disection of Judge Sotomayor's speeches, querying how those speeches can be squared with her portrayal of herself as a neutral "umpire." Judge Sotomayor seems well prepared for this line of questioning, and is doing a better job than she did yesterday in bridging the gap between her rule of law approach and some of her remarks.
Ok we're back in the skybox this morning, getting started with Day 3 of the Sotomayor hearing.
Let's start with a bit of a recap. Yesterday, I noted a tension in the opening statements of the Judiciary Committee democrats, with some defending President Obama's argument that empathy and what is in a judge's heart is an important consideration and others defending Judge Sotomayor as a judge who puts those considerations aside in her decision making and follows the law, period.
I thought based on her spare opening statement that Judge Sotomayor would try to bridge the gap, explaining how perspective and understanding can complement, rather than trump, the rule of law. But there was little gap bridging yesterday. Instead, empathy, perspective and understanding pretty much went out the window -- most directly when Sotomayor pointedly disassociated herself from Obama's remarks on judging -- as Sotomayor insisted over and over that her job is simply to apply the law to the facts.
This is a smart political strategy. It comports well with Sotomayor's judicial record, illustrated yesterday as Republican Senators flailed about trying with no success whatsoever to portray her rulings as anything other than follow the law. It also puts Republicans in the untenable position of not taking yes for an answer. As Senator Graham said yesterday Judge Sotomayor sounded quiet "I listen to you today, I think I'm listening to Judge Roberts." While Judge Sotomayor rejected labels and never called herself an "umpire," that was more or less how she described her view of the job.
But this strategy also has downsides. Most immediately, for the purposes of these hearings, it makes Judge Sotomayor's task of explaining some of her speeches a little more difficult, as she sure seemed to be saying more in at least some of these speeches than a role of a judge is to put aside her individual perspective. Expect today to again hear Republicans hammer Judge Sotomayor with questions starting "But you said right here . . ."
More importantly, Judge Sotomayor's approach obscures rather than illuminates very real differences between progressives and conservatives about the meaning of the Constitution and the role of a Supreme Court Justice. In all likelihood, once Judge Sotomayor is confirmed, the American public will have two "umpires," one of whom calls "balls" the other "strikes" on the most important legal questions of the day, with almost no discussion of where the strike zone should be set.


text: SAVE From finding success on a reality TV show to gracing several glossies to turning heads right on campus, actor-professor Bryan Benedict easily qualifies as anyone's #ManCrushMonday. We stalked him more on Instagram, and what we saw apart from his pandesal-laden torso? Vacay spots to parade that pandesal-laden torso! [related: Lifestyle Hotshots: This UE Tourism Prof Has A Body So Sculpted He Might As Well Teach Anatomy] Check out our gallery for his beach trips, hikes, and other outdoor excursions sure to fire you up in planning your next escape! ALSO READ: I Love My Job: Slaying Both In Pole And At Parties, This Insurance Agent Is Her Industry's 'It' Girl Photos from instagram.com/bryanbenedict_


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Each enhances the other. And both come home in the Heart of True Being.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs diagrams are maps that indicate a healthy human's progress from what he calls "Deficiency Needs" (I prefer the term "Foundational Needs") to the "Being Needs" of self-actualization and self-transcendence.
Like all maps, these diagrams are not the territory. And the journey through them is not linear—although they do build on one another. This is particularly true of the Foundational Needs. For example: you're not likely to be concerned with success if your roof is leaking or your well run dry.
The thing to remember about Foundational Needs is that once they are satisfied they disappear.
But the Being Needs actually increase the more we feed them. And they tend to feed each other.
While Maslow found that not all actualizers are transcenders and not all transcenders are actualizers, my personal observation is that transcendent (peak) experiences can enhance both. It is also possible that a deep exploration of the work that is most fulfilling for you can lead you into its spiritual essence—the home of self-transcendence.
Creating an environment (internal and external) that supports self-transcendence can also nurture and support further self-actualization. The higher we aim in consciousness, while remaining mindfully grounded, the more likely are we to fulfill our reason for being—which is the definition of self-actualization.
7 Ways to Enhance Self-Transcendence
Are You a Self-Transcender?
Go directly to the survey form
Into the Fluid Present
One Transcender's Story
Sri Chinmoy: A Model Self-Transcender
The Psychology of Transcendence
Maslow's Revolutionary Insights
More about Abraham Maslow
Notes on Being-Cognition
"Resacralizing" Perception
Live events with Cheryl. Including an all-day workshop on" 7 Ways to Be a Self-Transcender." Interested? Send us a note via the Contact form and sign up for Cheryl's newsletter to get all the latest information.
Note: Before implementing any of above suggestions, please see our Disclaimer.
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text:
Patch is for version 0.3.0 in Preware, and changes the app version to 0.3.3 in the about box. It is also compatible with phones, not that you'd ever notice a difference (my intent is to make the complete app available, which is compatible with both phones and Touchpad). It adds a 'done' button to all screens that need it, and adds a search icon to the toolbar, along with replacing the text on the 'new' item button with an icon.
Big thanks to pc-world for the instructions on making the patch creation much easier.


text:
Asked by Gary Fritz on 2017-08-11
I when I use Stellarium to find an object it's way off. When I use the telescopes program (autostar) it's correct. How can I syncronize stellarium to autostar?
Question information
- Language:
- English Edit question
- Status:
- Answered
- For:
- Stellarium Edit question
- Assignee:
- No assignee Edit question
- Last query:
- 2017-08-11
- Last reply:
- 2017-08-11
|gzotti (georg-zotti) said :
Define "way off". Stellarium sends "GOTO <coordinates>" to the telescope, nothing more. Telescopes differ in interpreting coordinates either as J2000 (standard epoch/equinox) or equinox of today. If "way off" amounts to the difference J2000 to today, use the respective other setting (data for today vs. data for J2000).
Can you help with this problem?
Provide an answer of your own, or ask Gary Fritz for more information if necessary.
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It may seem complicated, but the concept of an Automated Identification Data Collection (AIDC) system is actually quite simple.
- Encode: the data (usually alphanumeric characters) is translated into a machine readable code (e.g. barcodes and fingerprints).
- Scan: the encoded data is read by a device (e.g. scanner) and converted into an alternative form, usually an electric signal.
- Decode: the electric signal is transformed into digital data and finally back into the original alphanumeric characters.
Our range of products utilizes and supports the use of Auto ID.


text:
Here are some of the frequently asked questions about Botpress. If you have any other questions, comments or suggestions, let us know at [email protected].
Botpress is a dual-license open source bots development platform for developing bots in the same way that WordPress is a development platform for developing websites. We offer core software and compatible code modules that can be used to quickly create a chatbot in a lego-like way.
We created the tool we wished existed. Botpress is an enterprise-grade tool for developing, deploying, managing and scaling your bots. It's simple and intuitive, but as flexible as a bot made from scratch.
We are trying to get the balance right between incentivizing contributions and making this a sustainable venture. Our solution is that we will only charge large, enterprise customers for use. In the future we expect to offer premium services and tools such as hosting and will make money off those services as well.
Botpress has been built for developers and actually, it's not for everyone. You need to have some skills in programming and be familiar with open-source projects (both skills can be easily learned). Botpress is written in JavaScript, but you don't need to be an expert. With basic skills in programming you will be fine.
You should look at our official documentation to get more details about Botpress.
We are trying to get the balance right between incentivizing contributions and making this a sustainable venture. Our solution is that we will only charge large, enterprise customers for use. In the future we expect to offer premium services and tools such as hosting and will make money off those services as well.
No, not by default. We are planing to add hosting as a service in future and would love to know if this would interest you or not.
Yes, your code is always available. All configurations and files are always accessible directly on your desktop while you are coding.
Yes, the code will always be available on GitHub.
There are currently three possible roles for developers:
You might contribute to the core or the modules because you don't want to wait for us to add a feature, you are a top programmer and can see a way to do something better or you want to become an expert in the software.
Botpress is available under both the AGPL license and the Botpress Proprietary License, whichever you prefer using.
The reason for having both licenses is to strike the right balance between incentivizing contributions and making this a sustainable venture. Open source is important for transparency and collaboration, however it would be extremely difficult to build a sustainable venture under a strictly open source license.
Yes, under the Botpress license you can only use the modules to build chatbots which is the primary purpose of the platform. You cannot use it to build other commercial applications such as your own chatbot development platform without getting consent from Botpress first. There are no restrictions under the AGPLlicense other than the copyleft obligations.
No, for the simple reason that they need the core to work properly. The core is the glue that holds the modules together.
Licensing the code under AGPL means that you have to comply with the copyleft obligations (which are essentially to make all your source code public under an AGPL license). This encourages transparency and contributions. Licensing the code under the Botpress license means that you can use the software for commercial purposes and do not have to comply with the copyleft obligations. It is still free to use the software under the Botpress license except if you are a very heavy user. This way and through offering premium services, Botpress can earn some income from the platform to sustain its operations.
The core and the modules are free of charge to use under the AGPL licenses and free under the Botpress license for all but the heaviest users. It's possible that a module could be added in future that the developer wanted payment for but we are not sure whether that will ever be a requested feature.
No, the AGPL license does not allow you to mix AGPL with Botpress code. The core and all the modules you are using for a particular project must be licensed under the same license, either AGPL or Botpress. In theory there could be edge case exceptions but we haven't been convinced they have any practical value at this stage.
Yes, it is easy to switch the license for a module or for the core after it has already been downloaded.
Yes, except in the case that it is a private module for your own use and you have licensed the software under the Botpress license (the AGPL open source license has obligations no matter the use case).
You must grant Botpress a license to sublicense your contributions under any license so that Botpress can license out the core under an AGPL or Botpress license.