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Rich McIver is an attorney based in Houston, Texas. He is also a lead generation expert, who has founded multiple companies in the online education vertical that achieved successful exits. Mr. McIver has graciously agreed to take the time to share some of his thoughts on business strategy and entrepreneurship with MonetizePros readers.
[Disclosure: Some investors in MonetizePros are involved in past and current business partnerships with Mr. McIver.]
MonetizePros [Andy Hagans]: So tell us about your journey as an entrepreneur. Where and how did it start?
Rich: Having two parents that owned their own businesses, I grew up starting all kinds of businesses, from landscaping to home renovation. But my first serious foray began during college, when I tried to emulate the success of Jason Calacanis and Weblogs Inc. with my college friend Andy Hagans. To that end, we created a blog network called BizNiche Media (forgive the name, I was in college). That business went through a few pivots over 2-3 years before we found a lead gen model that was successful.
That business got some traction, and so my partner and I raised a few million in angel funding and rapidly expanded, rebranding as DomainDev and then College Degrees Inc. That business was acquired by a group of VC's and private equity a few years later. At that point, because I didn't have a non-compete, I started a second internet lead generation business in the online education vertical, this time without a business partner, and that was also acquired through an asset sale. After that second sale, I formed a third business in the SEO lead generation space with another business partner, Ron Denny. A year and a half later, that business merged with a competitor Best Online Universities, and shortly after the merger much of that businesses assets were sold in an asset sale. I remain a board member at that merged company, Best Online Universities LLC, which continues to operate in the online education lead generation space.
After those three exits, I was looking to get out of the online education niche, and decided to start a legal lead generation company. The original idea was to sell case leads to law firms. But because the legal lead buying market isn't as consolidated and established and therefore liquid as the online education vertical, I ended up having to pivot the business and become the end user of the leads themselves. To do that, I joined with a partner and started a law firm (I'm an attorney) to work up the cases that the legal lead gen business generated. That law firm continues to grow and operate, primarily handing personal injury claims such as nursing home abuse cases and slip and fall cases. (As you can see from those two links, we create a niche content website for each claim area.)
MonetizePros: I want to talk a little bit about your business philosophy. Your management style is a little bit unorthodox but obviously it's proven very successful. Specifically, you've built businesses with very high growth, but have managed to run them responsibly (or I might even say frugally). Obviously there is financial upside to frugality but it also provides security and has allowed your businesses to weather "downturns" with less drama. The frugality almost seems like an offshoot of your personality. Do you think most Web entrepreneurs should focus on "frugality" more, in terms of managing their ongoing expenses and capital?
Rich: I don't use debt in my own personal life, which given that interest rates are at 3% is frankly not a smart move objectively speaking. But for me, personally, it enforces a level of spending discipline. And professionally speaking, it forces me to stay involved in the minutiae of the business because every dollar spent is my own. Finally, the approach works for me, because it creates a huge cushion in case the business turns bad for a quarter or two (which most do from time to time), as opposed to if I had a note to pay each month. There is certainly a downside to not being willing to leverage your business, and that is growth rate. But for me at least, that tradeoff is worthwhile.
MonetizePros: You've achieved several exits from educational lead generation firms you've founded. I'd even call you an "exit entrepreneur"… it's a label I think I just made up, but it refers to the fact that you're a founder who often starts a company, grows it, puts it in pretty box, sells it, and then starts another company again! Is this something in your DNA? Or do you get bored after a while? Or did circumstances just work out that way?
Rich: I think it comes in part from from the same sort of paranoia that causes me to avoid putting debt on my business, which is that I see pretty clearly the risks to the business and how they endanger what was my primary objective, which is personal financial security. So when I have had the chance to sell for a number that achieves personal financial security for me and my family through an exit, I've taken that opportunity. Plus cash-outs are fun and exciting, whereas once you've laid the foundation for a business the "waiting for it to scale further part" can become less exciting.
Now that I've had a few exits, I'm building a much more long-term business. There's no easy exit from a law firm, and so I'm focusing less on packaging it for an exit, and more on building a foundation for growing market share over decades and building something that we can be proud of.
MonetizePros: OK, please give some advice to another hypothetical budding "exit entrepreneur". Let's say we have a young woman with an affiliate Web site, in a mildly (but not overly) competitive and liquid niche (that she's passionate about). Her site attracts 60,000 uniques per month and grosses about $60,000 in affiliate commissions (revenue) per year. She has minimal expenses (besides the opportunity cost of her own time). This exit entrepreneur's "number" is $1M USD–she wants to eventually sell her site for a million bucks to pay off her home and give her family financial security. What activities should she prioritize, to really maximize her chances of reaching her goal (of building a site she can sell for $1M)?
Rich: First, I think it's very smart to have a number in mind for your personal financial security, and once you hit that number, unload the business. If your business ramps up quickly, you will have a lot of people, who frankly don't understand the business as well as you do, telling you that you should hold out another year and double or triple your money. But I've seen those businesses blow up a lot before the founders get cash, so I would recommend sticking to your number and selling when you can.
Assuming that number is $1M under this hypothetical, I think it's important to find out what the revenue multiple she'd be getting is, so she knows what she has to work toward. At a sales price as low as $1M you're probably looking to sell the business just for its asset value, and perhaps have a short earn-out. That is, the buyer is just buying your website, traffic and IP, plus a little of your labor during the earn-out. In my experience, an affiliate site's asset value is going to be around 2x-5x annual revenues. That of course depends on the niche and the quality of the asset.
Let's assume 3x annual revenues is the sale multiple; that means she needs to grow the business to where it's generating $333k per year, which means she needs to roughly quintuple its size. So I would start by asking whether the niche is big enough to support 5x growth, and if not, consider expanding the verticals her site operates in.
Second, in terms of packaging the site for exit, I would spend some time cleaning up the finances, ownership documentation, analytics, etc. and make sure all of it complies with GAAP. Nobody is going to take your word for anything when you try to sell an intangible asset like a website, so you need to have all contracts, financials, analytics, etc. running for as long as you can and using reliable third-party software to document it all. Next, make sure you're reporting your income fully to the IRS. Nobody is going to take your word for it that you're making money but offsetting it by claiming deductions for what should be personal expenses. In sum, keep your books clean.
Finally, outsource yourself. Consider all of the things that you do for the company, and figure out how to outsource them. A buyer who is buying something for $1M, is likely looking for a low maintenance cash flow generator. So you want to be able to explain how they won't have to do anything, and that means figuring out alternatives to you doing everything manually and actually implementing them. That will lower your profit margin, but it's worthwhile because it dramatically increases the salability of the site.
MonetizePros: Now fast forward two years, and pretend our hypothetical exit entrepreneur has nearly achieved her goal–her site is now objectively worth $1M USD (having achieved traffic or revenue numbers to support that valuation). And let's say she's found two potential buyers of her site who have expressed interest. What would you tell her to focus on, going into a purchase agreement negotiation? Obviously there are countless potential landmines, but are there any you'd specifically tell her to watch out for, or over which to negotiate?
Rich: When considering valuations, the first thing I do, is discount all private stock offered to 5% of its stated value, and discount restricted public stock to 15% of its listed market value. That's because for me, I'm looking for an exit in order to achieve personal financial security, and that means cold hard cash in the bank. I don't trust myself running the business for 2 more years (which is why I want to sell), so I certainly don't trust another person to run a company well enough to secure me a good exit in the future.
When looking at the terms, make any earn-out as objective and as short as possible. Almost every buyer has buyer's remorse, at least during the moment when they're writing you an earn-out check. And almost every seller is disappointed with how the asset is being handled at some level. So just assume that if there is any ambiguity, they will try to get out of paying you, and assume relations won't be ideal at the point that they're writing that check. If you start with that mentality, you'll work towards clear objective criteria for your earn-out. In the example of a single affiliate site, that might mean running the affiliate accounts separately during the earn-out period in order to ensure you get credit for all your sales; it might mean you getting to approve of site changes during the earn-out period, etc.
Finally, you should always look closely at a non-compete. Most times, the buyer doesn't really care all that much about the clause, and if starting affiliate sites is your livelihood, you certainly should care a lot about it. So you may be able to eliminate the clause altogether, or define it very narrowly so that it just excludes direct competition with the site you're selling rather than the niche as a whole.
MonetizePros: You have in-depth experience in several lead generation verticals, but I think I'm correct in saying the main vertical you've had success with is online education. What do you think is the state of the online education lead gen industry today? What about its growth potential: has the industry peaked? Plateaued? Slow growth mode? Or is it in a temporary setback that's going to set up another round of strong growth in the future?
Rich: The online education industry is the perfect market for a lead generation seller.
It includes;
With respect to the future of the industry, I'm very bullish. The industry as a whole got very scared after legislators started taking a look at student loan default rates at the behest of brick and mortar schools who were themselves afraid of the competition. Thankfully for online education, the online edu industry was able to effectively create a coalition of big business Republicans and pro-minority education Democrats, plus the administration was anxious to push the idea that a college degree would reinvigorate the middle class, plus the economy was in the tank and so cutting back on student loans was akin to pulling more money out of the economy. Those three countervailing forces meant that the severe regulations that threatened to crush the industry have largely been defeated. That is made especially clear by the fact that the same brick and mortar schools who, five years ago, were talking about how online education was a farce, are now rushing to offer their own products in order to reclaim some lost market share.
So, as I see it, the market is primed for a few more years of growth. As more and more brick and mortar schools begin to offer online courses and degrees, the legitimacy of an online education ceases to be as important of a question, and the distinction between the for-profit online schools and the traditional brick and mortar schools becomes blurred. Then the only question, is how long the US government, in the form of subsidized loans, is willing to funnel money into higher education in general without demanding clear market returns. The answer, as I see it, is indefinitely given the strength of the interests supporting it.
MonetizePros: Are there any "newish" lead gen verticals you're interested in? Or do you think the (financial) "low hanging fruit" is mostly gone in lead gen, and it's now a game of efficiency and execution?
Rich: I think the key to selecting a lead gen vertical is to understand that, the margin of the underlying product has to be huge in order to support a significant cut for the lead generator. That generally means some sort of (a) government intervention into the market that creates and sustains the margin, (b) a third-party funding source, (c) a purely IP product, (d) a scam product, or some combination thereof.
If you think about verticals that fit these characteristics, I think of a few examples: (a) the law, (a & b) medicine, (c) finance or ringtones, (d) asiago berries or the latest fad diet.
I think there are tons of these niches opening and closing all the time. The key is just to remember that you have to time them correctly, and that the end buyers need to be consolidated enough to effectively sell the leads.
MonetizePros: Alright, that's enough lead gen talk. Tell us about your current business projects. (Usually you have multiple start-ups going at a time; we're interested in all of them.)
Rich: Right now I'm running McIver Brown Law Firm full time, and I'm a board member at Best Online Universities. McIver Brown Law Firm is a fast growing law firm that has had a great deal of success thus far because we have incorporated business principles into the practice of law. While that sounds obvious, most of our competition hasn't done so, which has given us a significant competitive advantage.
MonetizePros: Let's talk Notre Dame football. Obviously they had a great season last year, and the program is exponentially better than, say, the University of Iowa's. But I'm wondering, will the Irish just surprise everyone with a good season every decade (but otherwise be generally mediocre)? Or, are they "back" as a sustained powerhouse program? And do you think ND can hold on to Coach Kelly?
Rich: I think the Irish are back in the sense that they have a coach that knows how to run a program at high level. They haven't had that in a while. Moreover he is consistently recruiting top 10 talent on both sides of the ball. So with that, I think they can consistently field a BCS level program, but I don't think they can compete with the top of the SEC every year with the advantages in terms of over signing, no academic restrictions, and a willingness to overlook felonies that they have. So in sum, I fully expect them to be a top 10 program as long as they can hold on to Kelly, but not a top 5 team.
Now, how long can they hold on to Kelly, my guess is just a few years. He's not a lifelong Notre Dame coach, and the NFL is going to come calling sooner rather than later.
MonetizePros: You built a bar in the second floor of your garage. I understand you did *some* of the work yourself (that's amazing to me, because most "Web guys" are pretty useless at the kind of stuff). What all was involved in this custom creation?
Rich: Sadly, I'm actually selling the house right now. But yes, I built an Irish bar and installed a bathroom above my garage. The bar itself is easy, its just a set of custom cabinets (read: boxes made of wood) all surrounded by a stained hardwood with trim to make it look like a bar. And then you drop in an undercounter fridge and sink, all which you can just buy. The hard part, to me, was creating a custom tap system that would keep the beer cold and under the right pressure throughout the pouring process so that it didn't all turn to warm foam by the time it reached the glass. The only off the shelf tap systems available are either for commercial bars or these crummy all-in-one kegerators that don't do a good job and look ugly. So I had to piece together something, but in the end it turned out great.
MonetizePros: Thanks for taking the time, Rich!
One of the best interviews we've ever had at MonetizePros. Thanks for the awesome, in-depth answers, Rich!
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Trends and Highlights Overview
Overall, in Washington in 2015:
- 30.6% of residents volunteer, ranking them 16th among the 50 states and Washington, DC.
- 1,644,364 volunteers
- 37.7 volunteer hours per capita
- 198.62 million hours of service
- $5.0 billion of service contributed
- 55.9% of residents donate $25 or more to charity
Civic Life in America (2013 data):
- 95.4% frequently eat dinner with other members of the household
- 88.8% frequently talk with neighbors
- 48.3% of residents participate in groups and/or organizations
- 64.9% of residents engage in "informal volunteering" (for example, doing favors for neighbors)
National Service
National service refers to the Corporation for National and Community Service programs: Senior Corps, AmeriCorps, the Social Innovation Fund, and other programs and initiatives. Participants in these programs address community needs in disaster services, economic opportunity, education, the environment, health, and veterans and military families.
More than 1,900 AmeriCorps members and 5,800 Senior Corps volunteers are meeting local needs, strengthening communities, and increasing civic engagement through national service in Washington. This year, CNCS will commit more than $35,800,000 to support Washington communities through national service.

subset: commoncrawl


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#VybzKartelAppeal | Confusion over damning text message; appeal court reserves decision
The Court of Appeal was yesterday directed to two other dates when the damning text message at the centre of the Vybz Kartel appeal could have been created.
The assertion came as legal arguments ended in the appeal filed by Kartel, his protege, Shawn Storm, and two other men against their convictions for murder and lengthy prison sentences.
The Court of Appeal reserved its decision.
"I am not about to indicate when we will make our decision, but we assure you that the matter will get some priority attention," said president of the Court of Appeal, Justice Dennis Morrison, pointing to the thousands of pages of documents filed in the case.
Isat Buchanan, of the attorneys for Shawn Storm, argued yesterday that there was evidence during the entertainer's murder trial that the damning BlackBerry messages was created August 23, 2011 and September 30, 2011.
"Between me and you a chop we chop up di bwoy Lizard fine fine and dash him weh," read the message lifted from Kartel's mobile phone, which prosecutors have asked the Court of Appeal to treat as an "admission to murder".
Buchanan's colleague, Bianca Samuels, who also represents Shawn Storm, asserted last week and insisted again yesterday that the message was created on July 6, 2011, six weeks before Clive 'Lizard' Williams was killed.
However, prosecutor Orrett Brown, in his response last Friday, said that this assertion represent a misunderstanding of the evidence used in the murder trial. According to Brown, the folder containing the message was created on July 6, 2011, but the message itself was created on August 19, 2011, three days after Williams' death.
Buchanan said it was this confusion over the date the message was created why it should not have been left to the 11-member jury to "sort it out."
"They don't have the expertise to do that. They are just ordinary men and women," he insisted.
Kartel, real name Adidja Palmer, and Shawn Storm, real name Shawn Campbell, were convicted in April 2014, along with Kahira Jones and AndrÈ St John, for killing Williams at a house in Havendale, St Andrew, in August 2011.
All four were given the mandatory life sentence, with Kartel ordered to serve 35 years before he is eligible for parole. Campbell, Jones and St John were each ordered to serve 25 years before they become eligible for parole.
Their attorneys argued, in nearly five days of legal submissions, that their right to a fair trial was prejudice by a number of factors, including the admission of "contaminated" evidence such as the BlackBerry message during the trial.
However, prosecutors have insisted that the integrity of the evidence used to convict the four men remain intact.
They have also asked the Appeal Court to find, in the alternative, that even if inadmissible evidence was included in the trial, it does not amounted to a miscarriage of justice, as there was at least 19 pieces of circumstantial evidence the jury could have used to reach the same verdict.


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confession deux
My name is Mom2Amara and I'm addicted to podcasts.
I never thought that I would get any use out of my iPod. That's why it took me forever to even consider buying one. But ever one for peer pressure, my funky hot pink iPod nano was my early Christmas gift to myself.
And damn, have I gotten my money's worth.
I knew I'd use it for my workouts, but who knew how much was out there in the world of podcasting?!?!
I'm sure you've seen the short list of my fave podcasts. And I know I'll be adding more soon.
Do you have any podcast favorites? Let me know -- I want to hear it all!
today's good: Since I was Amara-less last night, dear hubby and I had date night. We had dinner at the neighborhood pub, hung out, then went to bed early! Ahhhh, the joys of overworked, highly stressed parents.
today's bad: Great-grandma2Amara had to get another blood transfusion this morning. And she's going to need surgery soon. I'll update everyone when I have more info.


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Here comes the sun by atelier stellaria featuring a bubbles necklace:
…and framed cuties by fellow Belgian Etsian Octopurse featuring these delicate balance earrings:
And ecological link love from handmade Europe featuring the Napjesdrager! Thank you so much! Do check out the other ecological blog links too and let yourself be inspired…


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Our Events
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BINGO Night
October 20 @ 6:00 pm - 9:00 pm
Bingo night will be happening every other Tuesday! 5 games for $5 and have the chance to win gift cards, Wine, and Cash! Reserve your spot today! Call 402-476-3228 to reserve your spot.
Interested in booking an event?
Nebraska Club's Events
Check out our past 4-course meals and other special events, and check out the calendar for more upcoming!
French Wine Dinner
"Enjoy a night of French cuisine paired with various wines provided by Quail Distributing."
BBQ Bash with Josh Hoyer
Featuring Josh Hoyer & Soul Colossal starting at 7:30 p.m., with a buffet dinner at 6 p.m. and the BEST view of Lincoln's fireworks."
"Father's Day is right around the corner! Treat dad to a four-course meal paired with various types of scotch at our Scotch and Certified Angus Beef Dinner."
Saro Cider
"Come join us for an evening of food and drink. We will be showcasing ciders by Saro Cider and pairing them with 4 inspired courses."


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We would love to welcome your child with us! If you would like to register your interest for a place at one of our Centres, please fill out the form below. We will be in touch with you shortly to discuss your needs.
By submitting this, you have authorised Cherie Hearts to contact you pertaining to the above-mentioned matter and share with you our marketing and promotional materials.
Should you require further assistance, please contact the Head Office at (65) 6690 4907 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Bee Keeping -10 Reasons Why You Need A Frame Holder
When I took up bee keeping approximately 4 years ago I found myself on a very quick learning curve as keeping bees proved to be more challenging than I had ever anticipated. All the books made it sound so easy, but I soon found it wasn't. Season one started off well but ended badly with


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Since we're athletes and race directors ourselves, we face a lot of the same ups and downs that you may face in your training or preparation for events. Every once in a while, one of the people who works at RaceMenu wants to share his/her experiences.
Today's post is from Brad, who handles our financials, coaches track at Regis College, and has a marathon PR of 2:31:15.
On Sunday, August 26th my foot started hurting. It was just a dull ache. Maybe my shoes had been tied too tight. It was certainly nothing to worry about. For the rest of the week the pain kept coming, but still I was unconcerned. It was going away during the run, and "I've never had a stress fracture that got better through the run." On Wednesday I had practice at Harvard, and I ran what may have been the best workout of my life. I even did an embarrassing little fist pump as I crossed the finish line on my last repeat.
In my excitement I decided that I was ready to commit to a fall marathon, so on Thursday I signed up for Baystate. That Friday I ran the final 5k of RaceMenu's Summer Series because, why not, wasn't I just crushing it?
The following Monday I told some people that my training was going great and that I wasn't having any injury problems… well except for this little foot thing. I haven't run since.
I've been injured for over a month now. It sucks.
Athletes get injured. Every athlete of any significance has been injured before, and will almost assuredly be injured again. Iron men like Cal Ripken Jr. and Brett Favre may be able make the starting lineup for decades uninterrupted, but their longevity comes not from impervious musculoskeletal systems, but from becoming masters of taking the field with heads bloody but unbowed. It's the nature of the endeavor. It's the human condition. Icarus went after the sun, wax wings be damned, and we're going to go after that 5k, 10k, or marathon PR. What's the point flying if you're just going to stay close to the ground?
Often times, the best you can hope for is to at least learn something from your fall. Icarus probably asked his father if he could make that next set of wings out of something a little bit sturdier. Maybe you can avoid the pavement a little more, or switch your shoes, or stretch. You've always said you were going to start stretching. But first there is the fall. Your dream may not die this publicly, and the stakes might not be as high, but it tears you up none the less. This can't happen now. You were so close. You were in such good shape. That one glorious moment was right in front of you, and now it's passing you by. You check the weather the day of your first DNS in ages and see that it's perfect. It's always perfect.
In the aftermath, you feel sick as all of your hard work slowly leaks away. You're on the couch watching shows about finding old junk, selling old junk, and restoring old junk when you should be running. You have exchanges with coaches that look like this,
Brad –
Wanted to check-in and see how you are doing. Drop me a note when get a moment.
– Coach
blaaaaaaah. X-Ray negative, but bone scan on Tuesday. I cross train 3 times a week at Regis and then have to spend the rest of the week getting fat.
– Brad.
You pound out ersatz workouts on the bike, or in the pool, or on the elliptical. People at the gym look at you like there must be something wrong. Why are you doing so much sweating? You don't know, or rather you do but you can't explain it. You're doing it because you have to. You're getting old. Funny how that works. You always seem to be getting older, never younger, and although you might not have noticed it so much before, now it's staring you right in the face. You're twenty five or thirty five, but you hear that clock ticking loud and clear. The window is closing. Why me, why now? If you can just get back though, if you can hammer that bike so hard that it starts creeping forward across the carpet, then maybe …
You turn the corner. The pain has faded. Of course there's still time. The start line is in sight, and it's just as beautiful as any finish line you've ever seen. You buy new shoes, and you smile when the alarm goes off at 5:00AM. When you take that first step you're cautious, but if you wanted to be cautious you would have taken up building ships in a bottle. Time to see if you've still got it, if there's anything still there. God, you're out of shape, but it's a deep familiar burn. Welcome back old friend!You make it back to your driveway, and you exult in your accomplishment even though your body's a dilapidated caricature of its old self. The comeback is on.
If we are Icarus as we plummet back to Earth, we are Sisyphus as we toil. I am injured now, and you may be injured too, but as soon as we get back we're going to push and push and push, even though we know that the stone will eventually roll back on us again.
I think about Sisyphus and myself. He's never going to summit that hill, and I'm never going to win a gold medal. So what's the point? Why, every time when the rock is at the bottom of the hill and we're standing there with our hands on our hips, staring down at it, do we decide to go down and get it rather than moving on without it? Well, because even though we can't roll the rock over the top, we can get it closer. One second faster, one inch higher.
It may not seem like a lot, but you know when you get there, that rarefied air is so sweet – oh and the view! Onward you go. If high is good, higher is better. More. More! The rock is getting heavier. Your fingers are slipping, and your arms are shaking.. You take last one peek around its edges to see the promised land and then you can't hold it any longer.
It goes away just like it always does. You renew a gym membership. You make a doctor's appointment. A kind old friend sees you punishing yourself on the elliptical and tells you that maybe it's time to get into other things, and you smile. They don't know the secret. This too shall pass, and then… We will run faster, stretch out our arms farther. . . . And one fine morning—-
I am injured now, but some day I will be well.
When I get better, I'm thinking about visiting the sun.
Maybe I'll see you there.


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Fall is one of my favourite season because it goes so well with socialist jokes and communism memes. I take almost infinite pleasure from this and it made me think of games that suit the fall particularly well. Games that you can play for long periods of time when it rains and preferably give you the option to overthrow the bourgeoisie and cease the means of production.
#5 Tomorrow children
A mix between Minecraft and something that screams Sovjet Union. In short it is an absurdist Communism simulator that is free to play as of this week. The reviews that are in, are not that positive. However, the atmosphere in the game is very gloomy and resonates pretty well with the fall. As of the fall of capitalism this one seems perfect, but micro transactions betray its capitalist creators. Still a decent game to try out during the fall and quickly move on from when winter comes.
#4 Tropico 5
This one is for those who hate bad weather. The tropical climate of the communist island will make you forget the rain outside, although you might have to crank up the music pretty high depending on how intense it can rain where you live. It scores an absolute 10 on the fall of capitalism rating chart. As El Presidente you build factories, farms and housing for every comrade within your island nation. In the process you can set aside some emergency funds, so you can start over on another island once the americans invade. This tropical communism simulator will last you through the fall and possibly the winter as well.
#3 Papers Please
What better a season than the fall to catch up on some backlog immigration paperwork to keep The Motherland safe and sound from the bourgeoisie migrating from western countries. It will not last all the rainy days in the UK, The Netherlands or even Normandy, France, but it is your duty too check this very original puzzle game if you have not done so already. The Motherland will be forever in your debt.
#2 Civilization 6
With the new government feature in the latest Sid Meier game one can actually create the ultimate communist superpower. Put the care of your people first and make sure all nations know that they failed when succumbing to capitalist sins. While a true comrade is absent from the spectrum of world leaders, you can still make a revolutionary appearance among the other civilisations by showing them how one should govern the world. The capitalists have made this game the most expensive game in this list, but it will last you till next fall, if you only let yourself play one more turn…
#1 Jalopy
You get a head start in this game as the fall of capitalism is concerned, since the means of production have already been ceased when you depart on your road trip through the DDR. Still in early access this exploration game allows you to travel through East-Germany, Czechoslovakia and Hungary during the times when the Iron Curtain was still standing. The atmosphere in game is very much in tune with the fall, especially when it starts raining in game. Jalopy will not last the whole season, but it is as close as one virtually can get to the fall of capitalism.


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Summer Bouquets
For the best flowers for summer, turn to Jade Garden! Send someone special a bouquet of vibrant summer flowers, a long lasting plant or get summer wedding flower ideas! Whatever the case, Jade Garden, your local Vankleek Hill florist, is here to help. We even offer flower delivery nationwide!


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The car's golden years were Saroléa's darkest days. In the sixties, this brand -one of the world's oldest motorcycle manufacturers- exhaled its last puff of smoke. At the same time, counterculture was born. And much like rock and roll fought the establishment half a decade ago, electricity is now taking on internal combustion. Torsten Robbens has been playing lead electric guitar to Saroléa's revival for six years. This Flemish engineer, pioneer and nephew to André Van Heuverswijn, Saroléa's factory racer in the fifties, brought Belgium's first motorcycle brand back to life. Bit by bit, wire after wire, layer upon layer of handmade carbon fiber.
Setbacks? Of course; they did everything themselves. But the Isle of Man's checkered flag spurred them on. In 2014, the Saroléa SP7 finally scorched the TT road racing course at an average speed of 100 Mph. Next up: the real world. So Saroléa recently launched the ultimate road-legal electric superbike, the Manx 7, based on their 900 Nm (!) race bike that is determined to smash 120 Mph in 2017's TT. These marvels of technology are entirely built in-house, but carry performance that's out of this world. Yet you wouldn't be able to find Saroléa's workshop in Oudenaarde, Belgium without a hand-drawn map.
Here, future meets past. Goliath meets David. Petrol meets sparks.


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An Interview With Christine Gilbert
Mother, writer, filmmaker, adventurer, and world traveler, Christine Gilbert and her husband started their traveling lifestyle before children and continued their traveling lifestyle as their family grew. Two of their three children were born overseas! Christine has been inspiring others to travel through her writing at Almost Fearless, a documentary about location independence The Wireless Generation, and a book about family travel and language learning Mother Tongue.
Tell us a bit about your family and what kind of traveling you have done.
How old were your children when you first started your traveling lifestyle?
They were all born into it. My first child started traveling at four months and his first country was Colombia. My second two children were both born in Mexico, but I've been pregnant in the US, Canada, Belize, Lebanon, Cyprus, Thailand, Malaysia and Mexico. My youngest two children have dual American-Mexican citizenship because of their place of birth.
What was the catalyst that made you decide to live life differently and travel the world with your family?
I landed my dream job and before the ink had dried on my business cards, I knew I wanted out. I spent the next year plotting my escape, trying to figure out how I could make a living from the road and where I'd go if I could travel the world. It was getting that perfect job, where I knew I should finally be happy, only to discover that I wasn't that made me willing to take the risk.
How have you chosen to educate your children while traveling? What are your educational philosophies?
My kids are still very young (7, 4, 1) so we're still trying to figure it all out. I would probably classify what we do as secular eclectic homeschooling with a dash of unschooling. We're very laid back and child-led but I do prefer a little bit of structure, so we carry some school books with us and do a combination of project-based learning (recently we researched megalodons together) and more traditional reading, writing and math practice. I keep it light though, at their ages, I go by the more European model (esp. Finland) of letting kids start later and filling their day with more kinetic and outdoor play.
Tell us one of your best worldschooling moments.
I always love seeing our kids using Spanish without our prompting. The other night, we were at the beach, and my kids were playing in an increasingly large surf. One wave caught our daughter, and a Mexican woman got to her before we did. We ran down to hear our kids telling the woman empathetically that the flag was "rojo y peligroso," (red and dangerous) while pointing down the beach.
What is one thing you know now that you wish you had known before you started out on your traveling lifestyle?
That it was possible! I have an old journal from my twenties where I day dreamed about traveling almost six years before we finally started doing it. I was nervous to travel, but I really didn't know that I'd end up having three kids – or two of them overseas. Whenever people tell me traveling with kids is hard, I just think, having kids is hard. It doesn't have to be harder because you added travel into it. You just have to reframe the idea that you will struggle if you try to cram everything in to one or two weeks of travel. Take it slow, and it can be rewarding and wonderful and not so much harder than just wrangling three kids in general already can be.
How do you find community on the road?
Blogging has made this easier for us. Although to be honest these days there are so many Facebook groups for local expats, I depend less and less on my blogging connections and simply go search out the local group in a new place.
How do you finance your travels?
We work from the road. I'm a writer and my husband is a graphic designer. We largely make our living from our writing, photography, filmmaking and teaching gigs, but sometimes we'll pick up some client work too.
What is your favorite country so far? Why?
arthem?I love Mexico. I don't want that to my answer, I want it to be something more exotic, but we just keep getting drawn back here. It's to the point that when I'm in the US, I look for Mexicans to hang out with… I want to hear Spanish, I want to be surrounded by that group dynamic. I feel incredibly comfortable with the way they live, it's all about family, music, togetherness and food. I like that they love kids but are also protective of them. I love that there are people of all ages at any party. I love the music. To me, any culture that centers their life ound their family is one that I'm going to like. Spain is also a favorite for many of these same reasons, you can have a social life, have your family with you and not feel like you're out of place. They have cafes that serve wine at the playground! What else could you want?
What are some of the difficulties you have encountered in traveling and how have you overcome them?
Working at home with children, especially while traveling, can be extremely difficult. I mean, seriously Olympic-class challenging. The travel days are easy. Just relax, get on the train or bus or flight and we'll get there eventually. My kids are pros. But working from home in hotel rooms or en route or trying to get wifi in a café – with young children running around or crawling on you like monkeys? Yes. It takes a special level of focus to make it work. Over the years, we've come up with novel solutions, but what seems to work best is to fill up the kids with lots of love and activities in the AM, then spend a few hours working while they rest in the afternoon, then have dinner, then work after they go to sleep. It means some late nights for us, but on the other hand it also makes it feel like every day is a vacation day, since we're always very active.
Tell us one thing that you have learned about yourself, your family, or the world through travel.
It taught me that most parenting choices are just that, choices. That ultimately, whether we mean to or not, we end up raising kids just like us (in other words, Japanese parents raise very Japanese children and American parents raise very American children). It made me relax about the idea of "molding" my children into something exceptional and instead focus on building a strong relationship with them and enjoying their childhood. My hope is that our bond and that foundation will give them the strength and support to do great things on their own one day.
I've also come to appreciate, truly, deeply, to the core of my soul, that all humans are essentially the same, in that we love our children, we have hope for the future and we want comfort and safety. The rest is culture.
What are your future travel plans?
We are changing things up this year. We're moving to Colorado after nine years on the road and trying to become ski bums. We have trips planned to Australia and Europe, but mostly we're taking a deep dive into the now foreign-to-us small American town.
What aspect of the Family Adventure Summit are you most excited about?
I love connecting with other traveling or would-be-traveling families. They usually have really cool kids and interesting parents who are fun to hang out with!


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As the weather heats up, it's the perfect time to consider insulating your garage door, especially if you use the space a home gym or workshop. Adding insulation to the door's interior channels can help keep your garage an average of 20 degrees cooler in the summer. Insulation may also reduce noise transfer, increase energy efficiency, and brighten what might otherwise be considered a dreary space.
This is a relatively easy and affordable DIY project.
Purchase the Right Insulation Material
Rigid Foam Insulation: Typically made from expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS) or polyisocyanurate ("iso"), rigid foam insulation is an acceptable choice for garage door insulation if they are foil-faced and fire-rated. R-values for rigid foam insulation range from 3.3 to 6.5 per inch of thickness.
Batt Insulation: Commonly composed from fiberglass, batt insulation is more flexible than rigid foam insulation, with insulation values between R-3 and R-4 per inch of thickness. Not as good as rigid foam insulation, but still a viable option, especially considering batt insulation is one of the most affordable options available.
Understanding R-Values
An R-value is the resistance of heat flow through a given thickness of material. The higher the value, the greater the thermal resistance and therefore, the energy savings. An R-value is just one of four key factors you should consider.
- Wind
- Humidity
- Temperature
These are all factors that should also be taken into consideration when selecting an insulation material. For maximum energy savings, it's also important to consider insulating the entire garage, and not just the door.
Matching Insulation to Your Garage Door
- Steel garage doors can accommodate any type of insulation
- Wood frame garage doors can accommodate foam board insulation. Consider applying two layers
- Flat garage doors (doors without panels) can accommodate rigid foam insulation
At Banker Insulation, you will find a large selection of rigid foam backed and batt insulation guaranteed to make your garage more comfortable not only during the summer, but year 'round. Visit our website at www.insulationestimates.com or contact us directly at (602) 273-1261 to schedule an initial consultation and free quote.


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Sarcasm "Awareness" Month
Over the years, I've noticed some of you don't "get" sarcasm. Which I totally understand! I mean, sarcasm is super hard. Really.
So. Let me help. Because I care. I really, really care.
Okay, let's say your company didn't meet a deadline, and they're going out of business.
You might buy your team a cake like this:
See? This says, "Way to drive the company into the ground with your total incompetence, you bunch of boobs I can't be bothered to list by name" without actually saying it!
Yay sarcasm!
Or maybe your sister is engaged, but they haven't set a date:
This says, "Common law still counts, right?"
Maybe your husband hasn't changed a diaper in 6 weeks because he's off playing Call of Duty. Again.
Passive aggression is soooo much better than attacking the Xbox with a weed wacker. Am I right?
Or maybe you just really, really don't like Kate.
"Huppy" Birhduy *Kate!
The black icing IS your gift, btw; you'll just get it delivered later, if you know what I mean. [eyebrow waggle]
Also "Good luck" figuring out what the asterisk is for.
Of course, when all else fails, there's still the direct approach:
They'll think you're kidding, but you'll know.
You'll know.
Thanks to Sara R., Erin C., Anony M., Laura E., Daniel A., Louise P., & Chris M. for these great cakes. No really. I mean it. You're all my heroes.
P.S. I know a lot of you are working and/or schooling at home this year, so why not take full advantage while decorating your workspace?
Classic 4X4 Box Sign: "Sarcasm"
Bonus points if it's visible during Zoom meetings. :p
And from my other blog, Epbot:


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We all want to feel happier every day, and nature is ready to help us on our way!
Besides the fact that we have to work on improving our mind, we have to provide the best nutrients to our body. There are 11 vitamins and minerals that can help us boost our happiness meter. Here they are:
|What is it for
|The lack of it causes
|Main Sources
|Strong bones & healthy blood vessels
|PMS related depression
|Milk, yogurt, broccoli, orange, cheese, turnips, sesame seeds, almonds,
|Increases brain production of serotonin, norepinephrine & melatonin. Helps you metabolize food and decrease food cravings.
|Hurts your body's ability to produce insulin (cause of diabetes)
|Potato, broccoli, onion, mushrooms, peas, grape juice
|Folic acid
|Helps create new cells and supports serotonin regulation
|Fatigue, depression
|Leafy greens, asparagus, broccoli, papaya, oranges, beets, bell peppers
|Transports oxygen and aids muscle strength
|Green beans, tomatoes, broccoli, brussel sprouts, spinach, quinoa
|Plays over 300 roles in protecting our body's health & development of serotonin. Balances our mood
|Irritability, fatigue and mental confusion
|Almonds, spinach, avocado, soybeans, potatoes,cashews, brown rice
|Omega 3 fatty acids
|Brain health
|Fatigue, mood swings, depression, memory decline.
|Flax seeds, walnuts, chia seeds, salmon, trout, broccoli, kale
|Vitamin B6
|helps producing neurotransmitters
|Beans, legumes, nuts, eggs, meat and cereals
|Vitamin B12
|Aids in the creation of blood cells and nerves
|Fatigue, slow reasoning, paranoia
|Eggs, meat, poultry, shellfish, milk, cheese.
|Vitamin D
|Helps regulate cell growth and maintain our immune system.
|Sunlight, eggs, salmon, shitake mushrooms
|Helps our immune system and prevent gut damage
|Loss of appetite, weak immune system, anemia, hair loss and depression
|Oysters, poultry, milk, almonds, watermelon seeds, cashews, salmon, cocoa.
|Essential for a healthy thyroid
|poor energy and memory, migraine, weight gain, infertility and heart disease
|Strawberries, seaweed, himalayan salt, spinach, coconut oil, cranberries, watercress


text: iPod docks and sporty i-Control watches while Apple is no stranger to the athletics world with their successful Nike+ collaboration. At the intersection of the two strategies then is this, the rumored Timex i-Control series of watches for wireless iPod control. Reasonable, sure. Coming in October? Who knows, we're still waiting around for those Nike Speed+ watches to hit.


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Getting admissions in IITs and that too for admission in Ph.D. courses is obviously not the easiest task. But it is also not the toughest task for the candidates. They may get admission in IITs to pursue Ph.D. if they perform well in the entrance exam.
There are many IIT Ph.D. Entrance Exams in which candidates may appear. After clearing the exam, candidates are eligible to apply for Ph.D. admissions in IITs.
Most of the candidates get confused while choosing the right entrance exam for Ph.D. admission. So, to help those students we have provided the list of Ph.D. Entrance Exams for admission in IITs. Enlisted below are those exams:
IIT JAM (Joint Admission test for M.Sc.)
DBT JRF Biotechnology Eligibility Test (BET)
GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering)
Out of the above mentioned IIT Ph.D. Entrance Exams, IIT JAM is the best choice. With IIT JAM Exam, you can pursue various Ph.D. courses offered by IITs. A long list of Ph.D. courses will be available after clearing IIT JAM Exam.
Want to Get Admission in IITs for Ph.D. through IIT JAM Exam. Download IIT JAM Papers, Syllabus, Mock Tests to Start Exam Preparation.
IIT JAM exam can be taken by the candidates with both Basic Sciences and Applied Sciences Graduation Degrees to pursue Joint M.Sc.-Ph.D. and M.Sc.-Ph.D. Dual Degree.
IIT JAM Syllabus mainly includes topics that candidates usually study in their Bachelor's Degree programs. So, you can easily crack the exam.
IIT JAM Exam is conducted in seven subjects. But a candidate can only apply for maximum two subjects. The subjects a candidate chooses for IIT JAM Exam must be conducted in different sessions.
For JAM preparation, a candidate studies for 1 or maximum two subjects. So, they don't have to study much as this does not cover too many topics (See IIT JAM Syllabus). This is another advantage of appearing in IIT JAM Exam over other IIT Ph.D. Entrance Exams.
But to appear in IIT JAM Exam, you need to satisfy all the eligibility conditions set by the organizing institute.
After satisfying the eligibility conditions, candidates may look for the Ph.D. courses they can pursue after clearing the IIT JAM Exam.
So, below we have provided the list all the Ph.D. courses a candidate may pursue after appearing in IIT JAM Exam.
List of Ph.D. Courses through IIT JAM Exam
After clearing IIT Ph.D. entrance exam i.e. IIT JAM Exam, you can pursue the following Ph.D. courses at IITs:
M.Sc.- Ph.D. Dual Degree in Environmental Science and Engineering
Joint M.Sc.- Ph.D. in Chemistry
Joint M.Sc.- Ph.D. in Geophysics
Joint M.Sc.- Ph.D. in Geology
Joint M.Sc.- Ph.D. in Atmosphere and Ocean Sciences
Joint M.Sc.- Ph.D. in Mathematics
M.Sc.- Ph.D. Dual Degree in Operations Research
Joint M.Sc.- Ph.D. in Physics
M.Sc.- Ph.D. Dual Degree in Physics
With IIT JAM Exam, you have a fair chance of getting admitted to the top most IITs to pursue Ph.D. courses. So, are you willing to know which are the top most IITs you will be admitted in for pursuing Ph.D. courses?
So, enlisted below are the top IITs that offer Ph.D. courses after clearing IIT JAM Exam:
IIT Bhubaneswar
IIT Bombay
IIT Indore
IIT Kanpur
IIT Kharagpur
Want to know how to get admission in these IITs through IIT JAM Exam? Check the complete IIT JAM Admission Procedure here.
Download IIT JAM Sample Study Materials to boost your exam preparation. Also Get Free Syllabus PDFs, Solved Papers and Answer Keys.
Now, most of the candidates must be looking for the advantages of pursuing Ph.D. at IITs through IIT JAM Exam.
So, below is the list for the same.
Most of the candidates must be thinking what are the advantages of pursuing Ph.D. course through IIT JAM Exam?
So, to answer these types of questions we have made a list of all the benefits you will get after or while pursuing your Ph.D. course at IITs through IIT JAM Exam.
You will get a chance to study in the top most IITs.
An immense respect as most of the IITians get.
You can become a career advisor to many students.
You will get the best research facilities in IITs.
After pursuing Ph.D. through IIT JAM Exam, you have a variety of options. You can become an Entrepreneur or you can apply for Government Jobs. You can even apply for research or scientists Jobs in Government Owned Scientific Research and Development Organizations.
Apart from studies, there will be a lot of extra-curricular activities at IITs.
You can take advantage of having Dr. as your professional title.
IITs have the best professors. Having a good professor or a good guidance will help you make your bright career.
IITs also conduct a Student Exchange Program where the students will be permitted to visit Institutions in Germany, Switzerland and a few other countries for specific course or project work.
Do you need any Experts' Help in IIT JAM 2021 Preparations? Get Free Counselling from Eduncle Experts & Smart Up Your Preparations.
So, candidates who will be pursuing Ph.D. course can appear in any of these exams. We have provided the complete details and advantages regarding IIT Ph.D. Entrance Exams.
If you have any queries/doubts regarding this article, you can comment in the comment section given below.
Thank You!!


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To investigate the relationship between the distance between a lens and an object, and the distance a screen must be from the lens in order that it displays a focused image of that object on the screen.
Extracts from this document...
"An investigation into the factors affecting a lens."
Aim: To investigate the relationship between the distance between a lens and an object, and the distance a screen must be from the lens in order that it displays a focused image of that object on the screen.
Background knowledge:
In order to plan and my investigation, I am going to research the different types of lenses and the factors affecting them, and their uses. I hope that this will help me to plan and carry out a more successful investigation, and also help me formulate a hypothesis and understand my results better.
Lenses are optical devices that affect the passage of light through them by refraction. They can be made from almost any transparent materials, but the most common is glass. Lenses are used extensively in optical instruments such as cameras, telescopes and all sorts of projectors.
There are two main types of lens, convex (converging), and concave (diverging). Convex lenses are thicker in the centre, thinning out towards the edges, while concave lenses have thick edges and thin centres. A concave lens will refract light inwards, thus creating a smaller image while a convex lens will do the opposite, creating a larger image.
All lenses have an optical centre, where light can pass without being refracted and the principal axis of the lens passes though this point. At this point on the lens, the glass (or other material) is flat on both sides of the lens.
Close object:
Distant object:
Prediction: I can use the following formula, which relates to my hypothesis, to generate a set of predicted results for my experiment. This is a quantitative prediction:
1/v = 1/f – 1/u
v = the distance between the lens and the image.
f = the focal length of the lens.
u = the distance between the lens and the object.
In order to use this formula I need to know the values of f and u. For between the lens and the object I will use the lengths listed below– these are the u values for this experiment. I know the focal length of my lens, 10cm – this is my f value.
"u" values "f" value
11cm 10cm
Using the formula I gained the following predicted v values for a lens with a focal length of 10cm, using the u values shown above.
U value (cm)
V value (cm)
Using these forecast results, I will now plot a graph comparing the u value with the v value.
This graph shows a smooth curve, demonstrating a negative correlation between the length of u and that of v. This supports my hypothesis. I will now conduct an experiment to investigate my theory further.
- Ruler
- Screen of thick white paper
- Photographic slide (as object)
- Lens (focal length of 10cm)
- Lens stand
- Clamp stand
- Power pack
- Ray box
Set-up diagram:
Method: I will set up equipment as shown above and then adjust the distance between the screen and the lens until the image shown on the screen is as clear as possible.
I will record the v
Although I took care to blackout the room I was working in, the light intensity could still vary, both in the background light and also in the light source. I could use a darkroom and light sensors to measure the amounts of light at various points and to make sure that they are all zero. I could also use a sensor to measure the level of light emitted from the source and have a computer automatically adjust it so that the level is constant. A good quality bulb and a steady controlled power source would also be necessary to prevent varying light intensity from the source. Laser light could also be used and would be easier to measure and with computer instruments.
Despite this scope for inaccuracies, the investigation turned up no anomalies and the quality of the evidence is good. I think that the evidence gained from this supports both my hypothesis but the experiment could be repeated with better equipment (mentioned above) and a wider range of lengths. I could also repeat the experiment varying the angle of the lens, and the focal length of the lens to see if they have an effect on the images produced and if so, what the effects are.
Danny Smith 11B
This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our AS and A Level Microscopes & Lenses section.
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Hyperthermia Research Information
Overview of Hyperthermia:
Hyperthermia is heat treatment. The temperature of the tissue is elevated artificially with the aim of receiving therapeutic benefits. Hyperthermia is considered an adjunct to other treatments in this country, but has been recognized abroad as a stand-alone therapy as well, sometimes superior to chemo.
One problem with treating cancer successfully is the fact that cancerous cells are very difficult to target specifically. In most respects, they are like normal cells, and even if they are not, they can hide the differences. But malignant cells are reliably more sensitive to heat than normal cells. Raising the temperature of the tumor is one way to selectively destroy cancer cells.
There are two ways to do heat therapy.
One is external, where devices like heating rods, microwaves, radiofrequencies, ultrasound, thermal blankets and lasers are applied to the body. The other is internal, where substances called pyrogens are administered to the patient in order to induce fever. As far as I can tell, pyrogens are used to some extent in Europe and China, while U.S. doctors favor external devices. (Some sources prefer to speak of "fever therapy" as opposed to hyperthermia which is defined as treatment that elevates the body temperature without increasing the set point of the hypothalamus.) Hyperthermia is usually classified as local, regional or whole body.
It has been known for many centuries that heat helps the body against cancer. Unfortunately, the enthusiasm of modern cancer research for this modality has been sporadic until recently. It has been the alternative health community that has kept the access open for patients, particularly in other countries. In the 1960s, some researchers confirmed that cancer cells are more vulnerable to heat than their normal counterparts. In the U.S., the hegemony of the three official modalities — surgery, radiation and chemo — lasted until the 70s, when hyperthermia was taken off the ACS blacklist (Unproven Therapies List). In late 70s and early 80s several trials had shown that hyperthermia combined with radiation produced superior results over radiation alone. However, a U.S. phase III trial subsequently did not confirm these results, and interest waned. Hyperthermia has since inhabited a strange in-between land of having its value recognized, and being used sporadically in some cancer centers, while ignored or underutilized by most oncologists around the country, and largely unknown to the public. That situation is beginning to change. It has been admitted that the U.S. study which showed negative results in the past was flawed on account of inadequate equipment and quality assurance procedures. And recently, the results of three European and one American phase III trials have become available. All these trials were well controlled, showing that the use of hyperthermia in combination with radiation therapy results in superior tumor response, tumor control, and survival as compared with radiation therapy alone. Some studies have claimed three-fold improvement in results, and positive results have even been noted with very difficult cancers like brain, liver and advanced kidney. Hyperthermia is particularly suitable in treating small superficial tumo rs (within 7 cm under the surface).
Summary of benefits.
Hyperthermia can be used by itself, and results in impressive shrinkage and even complete eradication (10-15%) of tumors. However, these results usually don't last, and the tumors regrow. (In some animal experiments, cures were effected by hyperthermia. For example, in an animal experiment on transplanted mammary carcinoma, radiation alone produced no cures, heat alone produced 22% cures, and combined modality produced 77% cures.)
The synergistic effects of hyperthermia combined with radiation have been studied the most. Hyperthermia has been used for the treatment of resistant tumors of many kinds, with very good results. Combined hyperthermia and radiation has been reported to yield higher complete and durable responses than radiation alone in superficial tumors. In deep seated tumors, the effect of combined treatment is still under research. One source says "An extensive clinical experience has been accumulated with hyperthermia as a radiation enhancing agent. In regions where the heat can effectively penetrate the lesion, the results have been impressive."
Another source claims that "in all clinical studies hyperthermia has been shown to improve local control to some extent and has never worsened it." Despite difficulties in increasing human tumor temperatures, recent clinical trials have shown that a combination of hyperthermia with radiation is superior to radiation alone in controlling many human tumors.
It is unfortunate that patients usually come to hyperthermia when other modalities have been exhausted. But even in these circumstances, hyperthermia allows reradiating tissue that has already received the maximum dose. Rates of response in these patients is generally high (one source reports impressive 93%!). Hyperthermia is one way to overcome the radioresistance of tumor cells. It is possible to combine hyperthermia safely with further low dose radiation in situation where a radical dose has already been delivered.
In addition, there seems to be evidence that whole body hyperthermia provides a measure of protection against radiation-induced thrombocytopenia. (And experiments in mice have shown an increase in platelet count 8 days after the administration of hyperthe rmia. The current theory states that whole body hyperthermia induces platelet stimulating hormonal factors.)
Hyperthermia improves the therapeutic index of TBI (total body irradiation), not only by increased neoplastic cell kill, but also by inhibiting the expression of radiation induced damage to the normal cell population. Some have experimented with hyperthermia as part of BMTs. Whole body hyperthermia results in early engraftment during BMT (there is up to 4-fold increase in GM-CSF and a 15-fold increase in IL-3).
When it comes to chemotherapy, there are indications that some chemo can be potentiated by hyperthermia. This can, in some agents, increase toxicities and the incidence of damage associated with them at the usual doses, or it can be taken advantage of in the sense of getting the same results with lower doses of the drug. In combination with chemo, the type of drug, dose, temperature and time of administration all play a role. Vinca alkaloids and methotrexate exhibit only some additive cytotoxicity. AMSA and Ara-C are inhibited by higher temperatures. Doxorubicin and dactinomycin are potentiated if heat follows, but inhibited if heat precedes them. Synergistic, supra-additive effects between heat and drug have been observed in bleomycin, BCNU, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, mitoxantrone, mitomycin C, thiotepa, misonidazole, and 5-thi-Dglucose. Some agents not cytotoxic at normal temperature show cell killing abilities at higher temperatures: alcohols, amphotericin B, cysteine, cysteamine and AET. Drugs showing no enhancement are the antimetabolites (mixed results with 5FU and methotrexate) and taxanes.
One source says: "The increased effect seen by combining cytotoxic agents with hyperthermia is complex, but may be due to altered drug pharmakinetics such as increased solubility (e.g. nitrosureas and alkylating agents), altered plasma protein binding (e.g. cisplatinum) and activation of enzymatic processes (e.g. anthracyclines). The new agents interferon, TNF and lonidamine and some hypoxic cell sensitizers are all potentiated by heat." Hyperthermia can augment the cytotoxicity without increasing myelosuppression, and reverse drug resistance to chemo agents.
I am very excited to find out that "it has recently been recognized that hyperthermia may also provide additional advantages in regard to drug delivery, particularly when the drugs of their carriers are relatively large. It has been shown in several studies that the use of hyperthermia can enhance the delivery of monoclonal antibodies to tumors with resultant improvement in antitumor effects. The spread into tissues of liposome-carried chemo drugs increases considerably compared to that under normal temperature." And interesting information has emerged from hyperthermia studies that may become valuable in the future — a certain heat shock protein seems to be expressed on the surface of malignant cells after hyperthermia, and is absent in normal cells. This creates the possibility that monoclonal antibodies can be designed to home in just on the malignant cells.
Hyperthermia is also an immune system enhancer, and very effective in providing pain relief, controlling bleeding, and useful in other conditions such as prostatic hypertrophy and psoriasis.
Summary of risks:
Hyperthermia's side effects for the external methods include pain, unpleasant sensations and burns in a small percentage of patients. In the case of the internal pyrogens, which are sometimes bacterial toxins, the situation is more complicated, as bacterial toxins can induce serious, even fatal reactions in humans, depending on dosage. (I have not seen a study evaluating pyrogens' side effects at safe doses.) Ultrasound hyperthermia in areas where the tumor is over a bone will cause bone pain. Whole body hyperthermia can result in neuropathies.
Extracorporeal systemic hyperthermia is another mode, where the blood is routed from the body as in dialysis, for example, and is heated before returning to the body. It has two advantages — higher possible temperatures, and more homogeneous heating. The side effects, however, have been considerable – frequent persistent peripheral neuropathies, abnormal (and sometimes lethal) blood coagulation, some damage to liver and kidneys, and brain hemorrhaging and seizures. For this reason, one source says that the role of perfusion-induced hyperthermia may be in doubt. I recently noted that one alternative clinic (Innovative Care Medical) in the U.S. offers this treatment for cancer. Their brochure says that "medical studies have revealed no adverse effects to the blood or body from the elevated temperatures." Beware.
Hyperthermia should be administered to patients who are awake and can report any problems as they experience them. Analgesics can be administered if a patient has difficulty lying still for the duration of the session. Patient's vital signs must be monitored frequently during the session. Cardiovascular disease and sometimes pace makers (dep. on the heat delivery method) are a contraindication for the treatment.
It was once believed that hyperthermia damages tumor vasculature, but more recent experiences have shown that human tumor vasculature is more resistant to damage than that of rodents — this is good news in respect to heat treatment because the damage to vasculature would interfere with heat transfer to the tumor.
How hyperthermia works?
Hyperthermia exerts its beneficial effect in several ways, according to the current understanding.
Several studies have shown increased apoptosis in response to heat. Hyperthermia damages the membranes, cytoskeleton, and nucleus functions of malignant cells. It causes irreversible damage to cellular perspiration of these cells.
Heat above 41 C also pushes cancer cells toward acidosis (decreased cellular pH) which decreases the cells' viability and transplantability.
Hyperthermia activates the immune system. One source says: "Heat has a well known stimulatory effect on the immune system causing both increased production of interferon alpha, and increased immune surveillance." Another source mentions the release of lys osomes.
Tumors have a tortuous growth of vessels feeding them blood, and these vessels are unable to dilate and dissipate heat as normal vessels do. So tumors take longer to heat, but then concentrate the heat within themselves. Tumor blood flow is increased by hyperthermia despite the fact that tumor-formed vessels do not expand in response to heat. Normal vessels are incorporated into the growing tumor mass and are able to dilate in response to heat, and to channel more blood into the tumor.
Tumor masses tend to have hypoxic (oxygen deprived) cells within the inner part of the tumor. These cells are resistant to radiation, but they are very sensitive to heat. This is why hyperthermia is an ideal companion to radiation: radiation kills the oxygenated outer cells, while hyperthermia acts on the inner low-oxygen cells, oxygenating them and so making them more susceptible to radiation damage. It is also thought that hyperthermia's induced accumulation of proteins inhibits the malignant cells from repairing the damage sustained.
One source puts it thus: "It can be hypothesized that hypoxic cells in the center of a tumor are relatively radioresistant but thermosensitive, whereas wellvascularized peripheral portions of the tumor are more sensitive to irradiation. This supports the use of combined radiation and heat; hyperthermia is especially effective against centrally located hypoxic cells, and irradiation eliminates the tumor cells in the periphery of the tumor, where heat would be less effective."
Hyperthermia is considered a modifier of radiation response. "Heat selectively kills cells that are chronically hypoxic and nutritionally deficient and have a low pH — characteristics shared by tumor cells in comparison with the better oxygenated and better nourished normal cells. Furthermore, heat preferentially kills cells in the S phase of the proliferative cycle, which are known to be resistant to irradiation." Another source notes that "marked complementary synergism across the cell cycle was observed when heat and radiation were combined."
As the research gains momentum, more reasons for the use of hyperthermia are continuously being identified.
How it is administered?
The researchers are still working out the various practical details — the best machinery, the best way to measure the "dose" and the heat within the tumor, and so on, as well as the optimal sequencing of the treatment and its duration. The cytotoxicity of hyperthermia is dependent on both temperature and time. Whole body hyperthermia is done at 41.8° C with the Aquatherm radiant heat device invented by Dr Robins, and in use now in several centers.
The number of hyperthermia treatments patients should ideally receive is still being studied. Many sources recommend 2 treatments per week, but this recommendation is based in part on the concern over thermotolerance, which may be unnecessary. Most advocate about 40 min. to an hour, within 30 min. after radiation. Some have recommended up to 25 treatments overall. Tumor regression continues for several months after treatment. Effects may be seen for up to 6 months afterwards.
Desired, uniform temperatures throughout the tumor are difficult to attain, but one source says "failure to achieve the desired temperature should not discourage the physician from the use of this … modality as it appears to enhance radiation effects even at the lower temperatures."
Some sources recommend doing hyperthermia as soon as possible after radiation, and interest is increasing in trying simultaneous treatment for the two modalities. There is also interest in low-temperature, long-duration hyperthermia, and Myerson et al (below) say the preliminary studies have been promising.
The development of thermotolerance was noted in animal experiments and this is why it was not recommended to treat more often than twice a week. The development of thermotolerance in humans has, however, not been a problem so far. (Thermotolerance, when it does develop, begins to wear off as soon as the heat treatment stops, and does not persist.)
Response does not depend only on the energy delivered but also on the intrinsic tissue sensitivity, duration of heating, rate of heating and cooling, pH and nutrient levels, cell cycle distribution etc. There are experiments that focus on the enhancement of the beneficial effect through the addition of supplements; for example, acidification of tissues after the ingestion of glucose, or quercetin to block the formation of heat shock proteins.
The rationale in lymphoma.
Several sources confirm that lymphoma is uniquely responsive to hyperthermia. "The spectrum of tissues susceptible to apoptosis induction by hyperthermia is similar to that for radiation and anticancer drugs: rapidly proliferating normal cell populations, lymphoid organs and solid tumors." "Malignant lymphoma is very responsive to hyperthermia with radiation." It has been noted that melanomas and sarcomas have a better response than carcinomas. And there are several studies (see below) where lymphoma patients underwent hyperthermia in combination with other agents with excellent results. Despite the excellent rationale for its use for lymphoma, and the distinctly poor results particularly with low grade lymphomas with current treatments, most oncologists do not seem interested.
There is, however, a trial going on at the University of Texas using whole body hyperthermia in combination with two chemo agents. (Viz the page on experimental therapies.)
It is interesting to note that hyperthermia is being used in some centers for prostate and breast cancer. It seems to me no coincidence that cancer patients with these cancers are the best organized and most vocal.
Why so little interest overall?
The current technology cannot deliver effective heating of all sites, particularly the deeper ones. Research and implementation has also been hampered by lack of noninvasive temperature measuring instruments. In addition, clinical applications apart from radiation have not been explored adequately. And hyperthermia is a procedure that consumes significant amount of time and manpower compared with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Until recently, it was not possible to write a thermal prescription, but that obstacle has been overcome. Noninvasive thermometry is being developed, and so is the use of computer modeling which helps with directing and controlling the heat. These developments raise the expectations that hyperthermia will likely lead to improved loco-regional control of tumors, extending even to deep seated ones.
RESULTS OF MEDLINE SEARCH (1990-1997) FOR HYPERTHERMIA AND LYMPHOMA (14 items)
1. In one study, dogs with high grade lymphoma were treated with doxorubicin, and those who got a CR were then treated with more doxorubicin plus hyperthermia (half got hyperthermia plus doxo, half got doxo alone). The dogs with hyperthermia did show long er disease free survival, but the study claims it was not statistically significant. There was evidence of greater damage to the heart muscle in the dogs that got both treatments. (Another study describes phase 1 of the same trial.) (NC State U.)
2. A 58-year-old Japanese woman with primary malignant lymphoma of the rectum was treated preoperatively with radiation and intraluminal hyperthermia, after which abdominoperineal rectal amputation (Miles' operation) was done. The rectal tumor disappeared and there were no lymphoma cells in the resected specimens. The postoperative course was smooth and she is being followed in the outpatient department. At this writing, five years after the surgery, she remains well. (Japan)
3. The effect of interferon (IFN) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF), either alone or combined with hyperthermia, on cell proliferation and expression of idiotype antigen on a murine B-cell lymphoma has been studied. Incubation with same doses of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma reduced cell proliferation to the same extent. Hyperthermia potentiated the antiproliferative activity of IFN-alpha and IFNgamma. (Stanford)
4. The combination of Radiation Therapy (RT) and Hyperthermia (HT) has proved to be an effective treatment for a wide variety of superficially located recurrences of different tumors, particularly those arising in previously irradiated areas. Few studies on the use of HT in the management of lymphomatous diseases have so far obtained interesting results. Eight patients with Non Hodgkin Lymphomas – 4 with cutaneous lymphomas and 4 with nodal recurrences after RT-Chemotherapy treatment treated in three different Italian institutions with combined RT and HT are here reported. Rt dose ranged from 15 to 40 Gy with different fractionations, on the basis of previously received treatment. Hyperthermia was delivered using 432 or 915 MHz external microwave applicators, according to extension and depth of the lesions and available equipment. All patients tolerated well the HT treatment, and in all cases average intratumoral temperatures were >42 degrees, with 3 out of 10 treated sites achieving the goal of average temperatures >42.5%. One patient, with recurrent NHL, is disease-free after 24 months from completion of combined therapy. Our results seem to confirm previous experiences, suggesting a role of HT/RT not only for palliative purposes in cutaneous lymphomas, but also as an adjunct to radiotherapy alone in selected patients with superficially located recurrences. (Italy)
5. A study evaluates the effects of hyperthermia on a high grade and low grade mouse lymphoma cells. The findings were that the high grade cells were more sensitive to the heat. (Israel)
6. Another study with mouse cell lines showed that when hypothermia was used alone or with adriamycin, it was more effective with metastatic tumor cells than primary tumor cells. Fluorescent microscopy and cytofluorometry showed that the increased effect of adriamycin by hyperthermia was due to an increased drug uptake at the supranormal temperature. (Israel)
7. A study examined the effect of heat on B cell lymphoma, and noted significant cell destruction at 42-43 degree Celsius. It recommends the application of hyperthermia to purging of cells prior to BMTs. (Japan)
8. Three adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma-derived cell lines, were investigated to determine how they responded to hyperthermia, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, or a combination of both in vitro. All three cell lines showed a similar sensitivity to LAK cells, but revealed varying degrees of sensitivity to hyperthermia. Hyperthermia did not cause immediate cell death, but did cause substantial decreases in the numbers of heated cells within 2 days. When the cells were heated at 39-43 degrees C for 1-3 hr and then interacted with various LAK cell/ATL cell (E/T) ratios at 37 degrees C for 4 hr, total cytolysis of the cells increased in a synergistic and/or additive manner over that of the cells without hyperthermia. This augmentation of cytolysis by LAK cells after hyperthermia was not seen in normal peripheral lymphocytes. These results suggest that the combination therapy of hyperth ermia and LAK cells may be more specific, useful, and effective for treating malignant lymphoma. (Japan)
9. Another study looking at lymphoma and melanoma cells and their vulnerability to hyperthermia. Interestingly, low grade lymphoma is more resistant to heat, but low grade melanoma is less resistant. Also, the results suggest that drug resistance in late stages of tumor progression can be overcome by an agent acting on the cell membrane (e.g., hyperthermia). (Israel)
10. The results of three completed clinical studies and complementary laboratory investigations are reviewed to illustrate an innovative approach to the nodular lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The clinical trials summarized include: A) the combination of 41.8 degrees C whole body hyperthermia (WBH) and the chemotherapeutic drug lonidamine; B) the use of total body irradiation (TBI) (12.5 cGy twice a week, every other week–total planned dose 150 cGy) and daily oral lonidamine; C) the juxtapositioning of TBI (with the same fraction schema) and 41.8 degrees C WBH x 75 min–initiated 10 min after TBI. Also presented is the laboratory rationale and early clinical results for combining lonidamine, TBI, and WBH. Abstract does not summarize results. (U. of Wisconsin Madison)
11. Hyperthermia (42 – 44 degrees C for 30 min to 1 h) can induce apoptosis in a variety of cell types and tumour cell lines. This process is usually, but not invariably unaffected by RNA and protein synthesis inhibition. C-fos expression has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis occurring under diverse circumstances. By heating a Burkitt lymphoma cell line, for 43 degrees C for 30 min, approximately 60% of cells underwent apoptosis within 6h of treatment. (Australia)
12. Three cell line were tested to see if they can develop tolerance to heat. All three lines could develop thermotolerance, but the persistence of tolerance was less than can be measured in nonlymphoid cell lines. (Stanford)
13. Adjunctive therapy (whole body hyperthermia versus lonidamine) to total body irradiation for the treatment of favorable B-cell neoplasms: a report of two pilot clinical trials and laboratory investigations. (by H.I. Robins, et al; Address: done at University of Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center, Madison; published in Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, Apr 1990, vol.18, pp 909-920.)
Abstract: Based on earlier clinical and preclinical investigations, we designed two different pilot trials for patients with nodular lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. These studies evaluated the use of either 41.8 degrees C whole body hyperthermia (WBH), or the nonmyelosuppressive chemotherapeutic drug, lonidamine (LON), as an adjunct to total body irradiation (TBI) (12.5 cGy twice a week, every other week for a planned total dose of 150 cGy). Whole body hyperthermia was initiated approximately 10 min after total body irradiation; lonidamine was administered orally (420 mg/m2) on a daily basis. Although entry to the studies was nonrandomized, the two patient populations were accrued during the same time frame and were comparable in terms of histology, stage of disease, performance status, and prior therapy. Of 8 patients entered on the TBI/WBH study, we observed 3 complete responses (CR), 4 partial responses (PR), and 1 improvement (i.e., a 48% decrease in tumor burden). Of 10 patients entered in the TBI/LON study, there was 1 CR and 4 PR. For the TBI/WBH study, myelosuppression was not treatment-limiting; there were no instances of infection or bleeding and platelet support was never required. The median survival time for the TBI/WBH study is 52.5 months based on Kaplan Meir estimates. Two patients remain in a CR. The median time to treatment failure (MTTF) is 9.4 months (90% confidence interval = 7-15.4 months). In the TBI/LON study, 50% of patients receiving TBI required treatment modification due to platelet-count depression during therapy, but there were no instances of infection or bleeding. Frequently observed LON-related toxicities included myalgias, testicular pain, photophobia and ototoxicity. For the TBI/LON study, median survival is 7.6 months; MTTF was 2.4 months. In analyzing the results of these pilot studies, our subjective clinical impressions lead to the hypothesis that WBH protected against TBI-induced thrombocytopenia during therapy, whereas LON had no effect on TBI-induced myelosuppression. This speculation was tested and confirmed in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments.
[In brief, this study reports that the patients treated with radiation and hyperthermia had a 100% response rate, compared to a 50% response rate with radiation and chemo. And the median survival time for hyperthermia-treated patients was over 4 years, compared to about 8 months for the chemo-treated group. Pretty amazing.]
14. Therapeutic hyperthermia, Scott K. Alpard et al, Perfusion 1996, 11, 425-435.
15. Clinical experience with hyperthermia in conjunction with radiation therapy. Homayoon Shidnia et al, Oncology 1993, 50, 353-361.
16. Hyperthermic treatment of malignant diseases: current status and a view toward the future. Mark W. Dewhirst et al. Seminars in Oncology, vol. 24, no. 6 (December), 1997, 616-625. This is the best current article for those who only want to read one thing.
17. Chapter on Hyperthermia in Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology, by Myerson, Moros and Roti Roti, Third edition, 1997.
18. Med J Australia, 1980, 1 (April), 311-313. Microwave adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy for advanced lymphoma. Alan JM Nelson and John AG Holt. Abstract: "Forty patients with intractable, recurrent stage IV lymphoma were treated with application of 434 Mhz microwave radiation which were combined with small doses of cytotoxic drugs and/or supervoltage irradiation on an individual basis. Complete remission in 34 patients, and partial remission in four patients followed the treatment course; only two patients failed to improve. At the time of the writing, 50% of these patients were alive; the average survival period being 47 months. The synergistic effect of the combination of microwave irradiation with conventional therapeutic agents is discussed."
This study followed patients who were sent to the center in Perth because their tumors were no longer treatable with available strategies. The results are all the more impressive. The amounts of radiation in the study were small, ranging from 3 to 27 Gy (average, 13 Gy, given in fractionated doses.).
Short chapters on heat treatment can be found in Ralph Moss' Cancer Therapy (1992) and in Definitive Guide to Cancer: Alternative Medicine by Diamond, Cowder, Goldberg et al (1997).
Note: It is my believe that this document will bring enough evidence forward to at least spark the interest of the medical fraternity. This also show evidently that what we are doing is not new or need to be proven. It was already an excellent treatment and proven modality which was practiced for over 1 and a half decades.
For the record: Ozone Transdermal therapy is widely practiced in Europe, Russia, Canada, South Africa and many more with excellent results in many areas. It is the most powerful detoxification therapy known to man kind. The goal of this therapy is to assist the body to rid itself of the 100's of toxins that we are exposed to everyday that overload, inhibit and or may shut down our lymph system.
The Following document gives an objective view of both sides of the fence with references regarding validity of ozone therapy. This document is compiled by Wikipedia and is a direct copy from their site. Wiki: Ozone therapy (1/3)


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Just over a year ago, the Union of Concerned Scientists formed a new Center for Science and Democracy and last summer I was appointed its inaugural director. It is both an honor and a challenge for me, as the Center has the mission of advancing the role of science in public policy and democratic dialogue. Read more >
Senator Heinrich, We Couldn't Have Said It Better—Science and Democracy are Indivisible
Andrew Rosenberg, director, Center for Science & Democracy
June 13, 2013 3:15 PM EDT


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