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Light therapy
Light therapy—or phototherapy, classically referred to as heliotherapy—consists of exposure to daylight or to specific wavelengths of light using polychromatic polarised light, lasers, light-emitting diodes, fluorescent lamps, dichroic lamps or very bright, full-spectrum light. The light is administered for a prescribed amount of time and, in some cases, at a specific time of day.
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One common use of the term is associated with the treatment of skin disorders, chiefly psoriasis, acne vulgaris, eczema and neonatal jaundice.[1][2]
Light therapy which strikes the retina of the eyes is used to treat diabetic retinopathy and also circadian rhythm disorders such as delayed sleep phase disorder and can also be used to treat seasonal affective disorder, with some support for its use also with non-seasonal psychiatric disorders.
Medical uses
Skin conditions
The treatments involve exposing the skin to ultraviolet light. The exposures can be to small area of the skin or over the whole body surface, like in a tanning bed. The most common treatment is with narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) with a wavelength of 311–313 nanometer. It was found that this is the safest treatment.[3] Full body phototherapy can be delivered at a doctor's office or at home using a large high power UVB booth.[4]
Atopic dermatitis
Light therapy is considered one of the best monotherapy treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD), when applied to patients who have not responded to traditional topical treatments. The therapy offers a wide range of options: UVA1 for acute AD, NB-UVB for chronic AD, and balneophototherapy have proven their efficacy over the recent past. Patients tolerate the therapy safely but, as in any therapy, there are adverse effects and care should be taken in its application, particularly to children.[5]
For psoriasis, UVB phototherapy has been shown to be effective.[6] A feature of psoriasis is localized inflammation mediated by the immune system.[7] Ultraviolet radiation is known to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammatory responses. Light therapy for skin conditions like psoriasis usually use 313 nanometer Narrowband UVB though it may use UV-A (315–400 nm wavelength) or UV-B (280–315 nm wavelength) light waves. UV-A, combined with psoralen, a drug taken orally, is known as PUVA treatment. In UVB phototherapy the exposure time is very short, seconds to minutes depending on intensity of lamps and the person's skin pigment and sensitivity. The time is controlled with a timer that turns off the lamps after the treatment time ends.
About 1 percent of the population suffers from vitiligo. Photo therapy is an effective treatment because the skin cells manufacture the pigment when they sense UV light. When they sense UV light the cells manufacture the pigment in order to protect the body from the harming UV light. Treatment is generally required 3 times a week in a clinic and every day at home. It takes about 1 month to achieve re-pigmentation in the face and neck, and 2–4 months in the hands and legs. Narrowband UVB is more suitable to the face and neck and PUVA is more effective at the hands and legs.[8]
Acne vulgaris
Evidence for light therapy and lasers in acne vulgaris as of 2012 is not sufficient to recommend them.[9] There is moderate evidence for the efficacy of blue and blue-red light therapies in treating mild acne, but most studies are of low quality.[10][11] While light therapy appears to provide short-term benefit, there is a lack of long-term outcome data or data in those with severe acne.[12]
According to the American Cancer Society, there is some evidence that ultraviolet light therapy may be effective in helping treat certain kinds of skin cancer, and ultraviolet blood irradiation therapy is established for this application. However, alternative uses of light for cancer treatment – light box therapy and colored light therapy – are not supported by evidence.[13] Photodynamic therapy (often with red light) is used to treat certain superficial non-melanoma skin cancers.[14] Mycosis fungoides can be treated with narrowband UVB light.
Other skin conditions
Phototherapy can be effective in the treatment of eczema, atopic dermatitis, polymorphous light eruption, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma[15] and lichen planus. Narrowband UVB lamps, 311–313 nanometer is the most common treatment.[16]
Wound healing
Low level laser therapy has been studied as a potential treatment for chronic wounds.[17] Reviews of the scientific literature do not support the widespread use of this technique due to inconsistent results and low research quality.[17][18] Higher power lasers have also been used to close acute wounds as an alternative to stitching.[17]
Retinal conditions
There is preliminary evidence that light therapy is an effective treatment for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema.[19][20]
Mood and sleep related
Seasonal affective disorder
The effectiveness of light therapy for treating SAD may be linked to the fact that light therapy makes up for lost sunlight exposure and resets the body's internal clock.[21] Studies show that light therapy helps reduce the debilitating and depressive behaviors of SAD, such as excessive sleepiness and fatigue, with results lasting for at least 1 month. Light therapy is preferred over antidepressants in the treatment of SAD because it is a relatively safe and easy therapy.[22]
It is possible that response to light therapy for SAD could be season dependent.[23] Morning therapy has provided the best results because light in the early morning aids in regulating the circadian rhythm.[22] People affected by SAD have low levels of energy and have difficulty concentrating. They usually have a change in appetite and experience trouble sleeping.[24]
A 2007 systematic review by the Swedish agency SBU found insufficient evidence that light therapy was able to alleviate symptoms of depression or seasonal affective disorder.[25] The report recommended that: "Approximately 100 participants are required to establish whether the therapy is moderately more effective than placebo".[25] Although treatment in light therapy rooms was well established in Sweden, no satisfactory, controlled studies had been published on the subject.[25] This led to the closure of a number of clinics offering light therapy in Sweden.[26]
A Cochrane (organisation) review conducted in 2019 states the evidence base for light therapy as a treatment for prevention of seasonal affective disorder is limited, therefore the decision to use light therapy should be based on a persons preference of treatment.[27]
Non-seasonal depression
Light therapy has also been suggested in the treatment of non-seasonal depression and other psychiatric mood disturbances, including major depressive disorder,[28] bipolar disorder and postpartum depression.[29][30] A meta-analysis by the Cochrane Collaboration concluded that "for patients suffering from non-seasonal depression, light therapy offers modest though promising antidepressive efficacy."[31] A 2008 systematic review concluded that "overall, bright light therapy is an excellent candidate for inclusion into the therapeutic inventory available for the treatment of nonseasonal depression today, as adjuvant therapy to antidepressant medication, or eventually as stand-alone treatment for specific subgroups of depressed patients."[32] A 2015 review found that supporting evidence for light therapy was limited due to serious methodological flaws.[33]
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders and jet lag
Chronic circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD)
In the management of circadian rhythm disorders such as delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), the timing of light exposure is critical. Light exposure administered to the eyes before or after the nadir of the core body temperature rhythm can affect the phase response curve.[34] Use upon awakening may also be effective for non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder.[35] Some users have reported success with lights that turn on shortly before awakening (dawn simulation). Evening use is recommended for people with advanced sleep phase disorder. Some, but not all, totally blind people whose retinae are intact, may benefit from light therapy.
Situational CRSD
Light therapy has been tested for individuals with shift work sleep disorder and for jet lag.[36][37]
Sleep disorder in Parkinson's disease
Light therapy has been trialed in treating sleep disorders experienced by patients with Parkinson's disease.[38]
Sleep Disorder in Alzheimer's Disease
Studies have shown that daytime and evening light therapy for nursing home patients with Alzheimer's disease, who often struggle with agitation and fragmented wake/rest cycles effectively led to more consolidated sleep and an increase in circadian rhythm stability.[39][40][41]
Neonatal jaundice (Postnatal Jaundice)
Light therapy is used to treat cases of neonatal jaundice.[42] Bilirubin, a yellow pigment normally formed in the liver during the breakdown of old red blood cells, cannot always be effectively cleared by a neonate's liver causing neonatal jaundice. Accumulation of excess bilirubin can cause central nervous system damage, and so this buildup of bilirubin must be treated. Phototherapy uses the energy from light to isomerize the bilirubin and consequently transform it into compounds that the newborn can excrete via urine and stools. Bilirubin is most successful absorbing light in the blue region of the visible light spectrum, which falls between 460-490 nm.[2] Therefore light therapy technologies that utilize these blue wavelengths are the most successful at isomerizing bilirubin.[43]
Photodynamic therapy
Photodynamic therapy is a form of phototherapy using nontoxic light-sensitive compounds that are exposed selectively to light, whereupon they become toxic to targeted malignant and other diseased cells
One of the treatments is using blue light with aminolevulinic acid for the treatment of actinic keratosis. This is not a U.S. FDA-approved treatment for acne vulgaris.[44]
Light boxes
The production of the hormone melatonin, a sleep regulator, is inhibited by light and permitted by darkness as registered by photosensitive ganglion cells in the retina.[45] To some degree, the reverse is true for serotonin,[46] which has been linked to mood disorders. Hence, for the purpose of manipulating melatonin levels or timing, light boxes providing very specific types of artificial illumination to the retina of the eye are effective.[47]
Light therapy uses either a light box which emits up to 10,000 lux of light at a specified distance, much brighter than a customary lamp, or a lower intensity of specific wavelengths of light from the blue (460 nm) to the green (525 nm) areas of the visible spectrum.[48] A 1995 study showed that green light therapy at doses of 350 lux produces melatonin suppression and phase shifts equivalent to 10,000 lux white light therapy,[49][50] but another study published in May 2010 suggests that the blue light often used for SAD treatment should perhaps be replaced by green or white illumination, because of a possible involvement of the cones in melatonin suppression.[51]
Risks and complications
Ultraviolet light causes progressive damage to human skin and erythema even from small doses.[52][53] This is mediated by genetic damage, collagen damage, as well as destruction of vitamin A and vitamin C in the skin and free radical generation. Ultraviolet light is also known to be a factor in formation of cataracts.[54][55] Ultraviolet radiation exposure is strongly linked to incidence of skin cancer.[56][52][57]
Visible light
Optical radiation of any kind with enough intensity can cause damage to the eyes and skin including photoconjunctivitis and photokeratitis.[58] Researchers have questioned whether limiting blue light exposure could reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration.[59] It is reported that bright light therapy may activate the production of reproductive hormones, such as testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol.[60][61]
Modern phototherapy lamps used in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder and sleep disorders either filter out or do not emit ultraviolet light and are considered safe and effective for the intended purpose, as long as photosensitizing drugs are not being taken at the same time and in the absence of any existing eye conditions. Light therapy is a mood altering treatment, and just as with drug treatments, there is a possibility of triggering a manic state from a depressive state, causing anxiety and other side effects. While these side effects are usually controllable, it is recommended that patients undertake light therapy under the supervision of an experienced clinician, rather than attempting to self-medicate.[62]
Contraindications to light therapy for seasonal affective disorder include conditions that might render the eyes more vulnerable to phototoxicity, tendency toward mania, photosensitive skin conditions, or use of a photosensitizing herb (such as St. John's wort) or medication.[63][64] Patients with porphyria should avoid most forms of light therapy. Patients on certain drugs such as methotrexate or chloroquine should use caution with light therapy as there is a chance that these drugs could cause porphyria.
Side effects of light therapy for sleep phase disorders include jumpiness or jitteriness, headache, eye irritation and nausea.[65] Some non-depressive physical complaints, such as poor vision and skin rash or irritation, may improve with light therapy.[66]
Many ancient cultures practiced various forms of heliotherapy, including people of Ancient Greece, Ancient Egypt, and Ancient Rome.[67] The Inca, Assyrian and early German settlers also worshipped the sun as a health bringing deity. Indian medical literature dating to 1500 BCE describes a treatment combining herbs with natural sunlight to treat non-pigmented skin areas. Buddhist literature from about 200 CE and 10th-century Chinese documents make similar references.
The Faroese physician Niels Finsen is believed to be the father of modern phototherapy. He developed the first artificial light source for this purpose. Finsen used short wavelength light to treat lupus vulgaris, a skin infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. He thought that the beneficial effect was due to ultraviolet light killing the bacteria, but recent studies showed that his lens and filter system did not allow such short wavelengths to pass through, leading instead to the conclusion that light of approximately 400 nanometers generated reactive oxygen that would kill the bacteria.[68] Finsen also used red light to treat smallpox lesions. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1903.[69] Scientific evidence for some of his treatments is lacking, and later eradication of smallpox and development of antibiotics for tuberculosis rendered light therapy obsolete for these diseases.[70]
From the late nineteenth century until the early 1930s, light therapy was considered an effective and mainstream medical therapy in the UK for conditions such as varicose ulcer, 'sickly children' and a wide range of other conditions. Controlled trials by the medical scientist Dora Colebrook supported by the Medical Research Council, indicated that light therapy was not effective for such a wide range of conditions.[71]
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- "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. 2016-11-01. Archived from the original on 2016-10-22. Retrieved 2016-11-01.
- "Engines of our Ingenuity No. 1769: NIELS FINSEN". Retrieved 2014-04-05.
- Edwards, Martin. "Dora Colebrook and the evaluation of light therapy". The James Lind Library. Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and Minervation Ltd. Retrieved 12 February 2017.


text:
Welcome to Hunter Property! Hunter Property is a dynamic new company with properties in Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. We believe in providing comfortable, value for money homes and holiday accommodation that are better than the normal standard.
If you're looking for a house, a flat or a room to rent in Mansfield, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Shirebrook, Huthwaite, Pinxton or Somercotes, we might just have a place that's perfect for you.
We also have a beautiful holiday apartment in Pinxton for a night or two, or book it for a week and enjoy the beautiful surroundings.
At Hunter Property we know you are looking to find value for money so our rents are sensible but we don't do cheap. That's because every home we rent reflects our commitment to provide you with somewhere to live that is safe, secure, comfortable and pleasant. To prove it, we are a DASH-accredited provider of homes for rent and rooms to rent in Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire in the East Midlands which is your guarantee of quality and safety. You see, once you're in we just don't want you to leave!
We also believe in doing what we can for environmental protection and energy conservation. Each home in our portfolio has been upgraded to comply with the latest safety, environmental, and energy efficiency standards. This means that you get lower energy bills.
Please feel free to look around and get in touch with us. If there's a location that you're interested in, please feel free to email us at: email@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


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C-Section Linked to Complications in Subsequent Pregnancies
Reuters Health Information 2008. © 2008 Reuters Ltd.
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) June 17, 2008
Cesarean delivery in a first pregnancy increases the risk of preeclampsia, placenta previa, and other complications in later pregnancies, according to a report in the June issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
However, lead author Dr. Anne Kjertsti Daltveit, from the University of Bergen
in Norway, and colleagues emphasize that obstetric history can have a
confounding effect on the risk assessments and must be taken into account.
The results stem from an analysis of Norway registry data for 637,497 first
and second births in women with at least two single births and 242,812 first,
second, and third births in women with at least three single births.
Relative to a vaginal delivery at first birth, a c-section at first birth
increased the second pregnancy risk of preeclampsia by 2.9-fold, small for
gestational age by 1.5-fold, placenta accreta by 1.5-fold, placental abruption
by 2.0-fold, and uterine rupture by 37.4-fold.
However, if the same complications were excluded from the first birth, the
risks fell slightly. With the exception of uterine rupture (OR = 37.2), the
new odds ratios did not exceed 1.9. The reduction in c-section numbers needed
to prevent one case ranged from 56 for small for gestational age to 3706 for
placenta accreta.
With two prior c-sections, the risk of complications in the third pregnancy
was increased, but the odds ratios were similar or lower than those seen after
one prior c-section, the report indicates. Once again, excluding women with
the same complication in prior pregnancies reduced the odds ratios.
"An increased risk of complications after a cesarean delivery may be caused by
the cesarean delivery itself, or alternatively it may be a result of
confounding by indication; persistent problems that represented the indication
of the first cesarean delivery also may be present in subsequent pregnancies,"
the authors conclude.
Obstet Gynecol 2008;111:1327-1334.
Melbourne Doula
Welcome to 'Melbourne Doula', the place where I share what birth work is teaching is me, and what I am learning from the wonderful families who have invited me to share this most special season of their lives. Here you will find information about me and the doula services I provide, birth stories from remarkable women and their loved ones, as well as all kinds of resources to enrich your own journey of discovery. And welcome also to BLISSFUL HERBS, the home of beautiful herbal teas and bath herbs to support wellness through every season of life.


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"Content is King": The Power of Words on Strike
"CONTENT IS KING" …this phrase became the entertainment industry mantra in the 1980s and '90s as broadcast and cable television began to offer the vast selection of programming provided to audiences today. And who has been responsible for the glorious … Continue reading
Special thanks to all the talented people who helped make possible the production of the 11th Annual PRISM Awards that just aired on FX Network. PRISM is just about a year long process. It is created first from the commitment … Continue reading
Snapshots: PRISM Awards Showcase (10/2/07)
CONGRESSIONAL SPEAKERS *click on pictures for larger image* Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR) Senator OrrinHatch (R-UT) Representative Diane Watson (D-CA) Representatives Grace Napolitano (D-CA) &Tim Murphy (R-PA) SPECIAL GUESTS *click on pictures for larger image* The lovely Judith Light…striking a pose. … Continue reading
Thanks for Watching!
Did you check out the 11th Annual PRISM Awards TV Special? Tell us what you thought about the show on our BLOG! Your feedback is much appreciated!


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Webinar Series: Sustainable Energy in Humanitarian Settings
Productive Uses of Energy (PUE) in Humanitarian Contexts - This webinar will provide an overview of different types of PUE activities in displacement settings, followed by two case studies from Kenya and Rwanda. SELCO Foundation will introduce the topic and Practical Action and Energy for Impact will then share their experiences and lessons learned from Rwanda. SNV Kenya will discuss their market-based approach from Kenya. Read more...
Thurs 29 Oct at 11:00 a.m. CET (Registration link)
In 2014, 2.5 billion people rely on biomass to cook and heat their home. Worldwide, initiatives have been developed to produce and spread improved biomass cookstoves. This little and simple devices can help the poorest to have access to a cleaner and more efficient energy that reduces health risks, helps mitigate climate change and improves livelihoods.
Today, in the world, businesses that develop those type of stoves experience some difficulties to survive because of their main funding source, namely Carbon Finance that is slowing done. Thus, to propose solution to these businesses, a study is carrying out: "Building Business Cases to Reach Scale: A study on biomass cookstove business models from Asia and Africa".
To find tracks to develop their activities and to provide a clear, concise and accurate understanding of the business model to investors and funders, GIZ HERA and StovePlus – 2 organizations that used to work on the field in this sector for decades - have worked together during one year to study in-depth 8 cookstoves business models across Asia and Africa: Cambodia, Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Ghana, Burkina Faso where the well-known organizations work on the topic for years.
The study was carried out by Sandra Romero Ruiz, Independent Consultant in Agriculture and Environment, Elisha Moore-Delate, Cookstove Specialist, Tina Marie Marchand, StovePlus Research and Advocacy Officer, and Windbaley Savadogo, Business Specialist and Independent Advisor.
With 100 in-person interviews, direct field observations, focus groups and two regional workshops (Phnom Penh, Cambodia and Accra, Ghana), researchers were able to gather a large amount of firsthand data and recommendations.
From these data, they highlighted evidences which show the importance of investing directly in stove value chains, especially at the production level (e.g. on training, tools & equipment for stove producers). Quality control through stove standards, labels and certifications, as well as public awareness efforts were also identified key areas to invest in.
Market maturity was found to be a very important factor in considering where, when and how to invest in a cookstove business. For example, raising awareness on improved cookstoves is an essential activity for successful stove dissemination and those entering immature markets invest heavily in this area, both in terms of time and resources. Comparatively, stove businesses entering a more mature market tend to focus their investments on product development, standardization and marketing.
A variety of financing mechanisms were seen, such as Official Development Assistance (ODA), private loans, carbon finance, awards, etc. And carbon finance played a very important role in the ability to scale-up cookstove businesses.
Thus, the access to finance is still vital for the development of cookstove businesses and the sector, and direct investments into cookstove value chains have made stoves more accessible to end users. However, the study also explores the very interesting case of Cookswell Jiko; a cookstove business that was able to reach scale without any financial assistance.
StovePlus and GIZ-HERA
See license tag below.
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Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
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text:
by: Zul-Erdene Tulga, Budapest Business School - Budapest, Hungary
A perfect world is a world so diverse, you need not look for COURAGE or inspiration.
quote by: Ross McKenzie, Amersham, England
I wanted to show people that racism is not the way to a happy life. No matter which race we are, where we come from, how we look, we should unite together. Together we are powerful and we can build beauty! Let's do something to make this world a better place! We are one family, we are one world.


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Nov 28 all-day
You and your family are invited to kick off the holidays with the sights, sounds and tastes of the season in beautiful, historic Cannon Falls. Santa will be in the parade!
The Deck the Falls Parade will begin at 5 pm and go along 4th Street to Mill Street, and then turn into the City Parking Lot. The Lighting of the Tree will take place at 6 pm. The Holiday Tree is located between the Cannon River and John Birch Park.
Don't leave yet! The fireworks will start right after the Lighting of the Tree. This was a beautiful experience last year, so come and enjoy again this year!
The 2020 Deck the Falls Poster will be included on our web page in Mid-October 2020.
Subscribe to filtered calendar


text:
10783 North Route 44
Waterville, PA 17776
Phone: 570-753-5970
Fax: 570-753-5971
Email: email@example.com
Be A Fan On Facebook
Want a delicious original recipe Martini? Waterville Tavern is known for more than great food. Enjoy one ofAl's Famous Martinis next time you stop in! "Flavors" include Almond Joy, Blue Rock. Caramel Apple, Chocolate, Cotton Candy, Banana Split, Fishtini, Milky Way, Peeptini, Peppermint Pattie, Root Beer Float, just to name a few.


text:
Football Hall of Famer Merlin Olsen dies
Football Hall of Famer Merlin Olsen, who starred with the old Los Angeles Rams and later became a broadcaster and actor, has died at age 69 in Los Angeles. He had mesothelioma, a form of cancer.
Football fans will remember Olsen as one of the "Fearsome Foursome," the Rams' formidable defensive front line of the 1960s. He was one of the greatest defensive linemen in the history of the NFL, then went on to even wider fame as a broadcaster and actor, with major roles on "Little House on the Prairie" and "Father Murphy." He was also the commercial spokesman for FTD florists for a number of years.
Matt Schudel
March 11, 2010; 12:12 PM ET
Categories: Matt Schudel
Save & Share: Previous: Corey Haim, Star of "Lost Boys" Dies At 38
Next: Recalling a Legless Daredevil
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Citron, Bryn MawrNovember 10th, 2004
818 Lancaster Ave.
Bryn Mawr PA
Citron has closed and been replaced by Carmine's Creole Kitchen.
Rating: 3 Silver Spoons out of 5
Overview: Latin-influenced continental bistro in the heart of Bryn Mawr. Citron recently brought in chef David Grear — formerly of Philly's La Terrasse — who lowered prices and raised the consistency of the cuisine.
Food: Grear's specials are interesting and complex — for example a filet of grouper with blackberry sauce or a "tournedo of beef" — two petit filets served over mushrooms and artichokes. The regular menu choices are simpler but tasty — a pork chop comes sliced over risotto and "California" steak frites is well-prepared. Although Citron is billed as a "tapas" joint, the selection of smaller plates was surprisingly limited.
Service: Although new chef Grear has brought with him improved cuisine since our initial visit to Citron years ago, the service on a recent visit was far worse. We were seated in what has to be the most uncomfortable booth in the history of mankind — clearly the space was so poorly designed that there was not room for a full size dining booth at the end of the row. As a result, we were stuck with tiny benches and enormous poles taking up most of the room underneath the puny table. (This undesirable booth is closest to the door opposite the bar, if you go.) When we asked to be moved to an empty table, we were told that the empty one right near us was about to be taken and they would let us know if another became free. To our discontent, the table we originally asked about was never occupied the rest of the evening. To make service matters worse, two people at our table finished drinks during dinner and found extreme difficulty in procuring another glass. After finally getting the attention of our waitress, it took an even longer time for her to arrive back with the fresh drinks. These types of service miscues really can be the difference when it comes to encouraging return visits to a restaurant — while the food certainly warranted another visit to Citron, the service did not.
Value: Since moving all the entrees below $20, Citron has certainly improved its value proposition. Specials, however, were all over $20 with a filet special finding its way up to $27. In addition, the wine list would better compete with BYOBs in the area if there were a few more bottles in the $20s and low $30s. Lastly, when paying $40-$50 per person, one expects the service to be a bit better.
# of times we've eaten there: 2
Reservations: Yes
Cards: Yes
Bar: Full
5 Responses to "Citron, Bryn Mawr"Submit your review now -->
Carmine's is by far my favorite destination for a special night out. Each and every time I go, not only is the tasting menu different, but outdone by the previous visit. The new location is still settling in, and although I prefer the more serine atmosphere of the last venue, the old citron with the new music looks to be promising. Creative drinks, festive (and loud) band, and good service makes this even sweeter now that it's closer to home. I will have to find another place for quiet dining, but who cares when the food is THIS good.
[…] In late December, Carmine's Creole Cafe chef/owner John Mims plans to move from Narberth to a the space currently occupied by Citron (818 W. Lancaster Ave., Bryn Mawr), where it will feature live music and a liquor license. Mims then plans to turn the Narberth space into Margot, a BYOB serving New American fare with Cuban touches. […]
I think they have packed it in. I live nearby and have tried it twice. Both times with bad service but the last time with comical food efforts. They burned my crab cakes and flipped them over to hide the burnt parts. The other parts of the meal went about the same. I think they meant well but it seems that quality control doesn't exist and they don't really care.
May 2006
I went there with a large group of people (About 13) on a Saturday evening at 7 pm. We did of course have reservations, so the restaurant SHOULD have been prepared to serve a large group.
Upon arrival, the decor and atmosphere of the restaurant is great, and we were immediately seated at our table, which was prepared and waiting for us. However, this is where the good service stopped.
It took forever to get our first round of drinks, the waitress submitted the wrong salad orders, and the food runners who brought out the salads didn't know which was the mixed green salad, which was the greek salad, etc.
Our main course arrived in stages, which was quite embarassing. About 8 of us were served our entree, and waited politely for the others to be served. About 2-3 minutes later 3 more were served, but the others were still waiting. Finally, about TEN MINUTES after the first dish was served, our final dish was placed on the table (our host and mentor who was paying for our group was last served. Too bad tip was already included in the bill)
We never saw the server again to get more beverages, and we had to flag her down from across the room for more wine.
The food was tasty, and I would love to try some of the other dishes on the menu (I had the lobster ravioli which was great) but you can be certain I will never return to this restaurant because of the service. The portions were a bit small (6 ravioli?? Come on, I'm a grown-up!)and the prices a bit high.
If you're looking for a good place to eat in Bryn Mawr, KEEP LOOKING. Although the food is good, you will have a miserable evening at Citron!!
Nov. 2005. OK, so the food was all right … but it wasn't memorable and it was way overpriced … the service was so slow I thought the waitress had quit her job in the midst of the evening … the tables for 4 are barely big enough for 2 (puny is an understatement) … and the wine list is made up of truly mediocre wines that are outrageously overpriced. For the first time ever, I recommended that my family buy wine by the glass … and what a mistake that was too – at $9.00 a glass for less than half a glass of house wine.
To top it off, after waiting nearly 20 minutes after an obviously finished meal with no attention whatsoever from the waitress, I had to go up to the bar to get my bill. And when my VISA statement arrived at the end of the month, Citron had overcharged me. Luckily I had my copy of the receipt and the VISA folks credited my account for the overcharge.
I won't be going back to Citron and you can bet I don't recommend it to my friends.


text:
Regional skills development is being delivered to ensure we have the best skilled people available for the region. Our funding partners are committed to local professional development.
Regional skills development aims to 'skill-up' locals to provide local expertise in sustainability. This knowledge can then expand regionally via extension and mentoring.
Currently we conduct many training events and workshops across the region including ongoing irrigation system training and Irrigation scheduling training with Pat Daley. This training is supported via QLD regional NRM investment programme, Irrigation Australia and Rural Water Use Efficiency program. This training promotes best management practice and is accepted as RPL for Certification in Irrigation Agronomy.
To find out more information on how you can get involved please email email@example.com or follow us on Facebook @northerngulf


text:
1106 Colonial Road, Memphis, TN 38117
Crossover is a group of Christian people dedicated to the transition between adolescence and full adulthood. This community is made up of college students, young adults, and young families that are currently in the transition as well as older adults who know what it's like and have shown giftedness in passing down their experience to younger persons. Therefore, we are a multi-generational community on a faith journey exploring the characteristics of an adult follower of Jesus and putting into practice the teachings of our faith. We are more than a Bible class, we are a community with a meeting on Sunday mornings at 9:00 AM and times throughout the week to meet with peer groups, to eat with family groups, and to have one-on-one mentoring if desired. The goal is simple: To grow everyone up into him that is the head, Jesus Christ, so that the believer might be fully equipped for good works (Ephesians 4).
For more information about SOMA, our church sponsored campus ministry at the University of Memphis, click HERE.
© 2015 The Church of Christ at White Station
1106 Colonial Road | Memphis, TN | 901.761.2007


text:
What the heck is HDRI photography?
I first learned about HDR images about 10 years ago when my 3D rendering program, Lightwave 3D, began offering it as an option for realistic lighting. In recent months, HDR is suddenly becoming more and more popular and is supported by a number of programs such as Photoshop CSx and specialty programs such as Photomatix.
Regular 8 bit images have a limited dynamic range of about 5 or 6 EV (exposure values). This means anything more than a couple of stops from the exposure point are either clipped highlights or go completely black. HDR images extend the dynamic range by taking a number of exposures which are later merged together into a single HDR image. That's where the special software comes in.
Unfortunately, there isn't a monitor made that can display the range of an HDR image, so, they have to be reduced back to a 16 or 8 bit image for viewing and printing. However, the photographer gets to decide how to map the tones in the final photograph. This image can end up wildly garrish, or ultra realistic. It's up to the photographer and the software to decide.
My photo above of the motorcycle is an HDR image that consisted of 3 exposures (-1, 0 and +1) that were processed using Photomatix. I went for more realism in this shot, but notice the tires and the chrome reflections. There is a lot more detail present in these areas than would appear in a "normal" photograph.
I suggest you do an Internet search for HDR Images and you may be amazed at the dramatic (sometimes silly) effects that can be achieved with this method.
At a minimum you want to take 3 exposures - 1 over and 1 under your selected exposure and change the shutter speed, not the aperture. Some scenes may be better suited for 2 over and 2 under. Better yet, use 5, 6 or even 7 exposures (or more even!) if the scene has a really high contrast range. HDR images are best suited to high dynamic range scenes rather than scenes with low contrast.
To rapidly shoot my images, I found on my 5D MK II (should also work on the 40D and 50D) that by pressing the 'joystick' on the back of the camera, I get an info screen. It is very easy to select the AEB (Automatic Exposure Bracketing) setting and turn the finger dial by the shutter for the number of exposures you want. These cameras give you 3 exposures up to 2 stops over and under. If you would like more, press the middle of the thumb wheel, then rotate the thumb wheel on the back until the exposure compensation is below the "correct" exposure. The camera should be in rapid fire mode - hold down the shutter and fire off the three shots, then go back into the same screen and this time rotate the wheel until the range covers the higher end of the exposure spectrum, then fire again. Note that this method assumes you are shooting on a tripod! Also, make sure the custom function for AEB is set not to auto cancel!
On higher end cameras, such as my 1D MK II N, it will already allow me to set more than 3 bracket exposures.
Let me know if you have questions and post some of your experiments here!


text:
Use this section to add links to other sites. This section is optional.
Websites for photographers and artists http://www.clikpic.com
Artworx Gallery
A small, friendly gallery in Newport, Shropshire that stocks my prints and some of my originals. www.artworx.co.uk
Made in Shropshire
A collaboration of quality artists, craftsmen and food producers living and working in Shropshire. We have a market in The Square, Shrewsbury on the second Saturday of the month except for January. http://www.madeinshropshire.co.uk
Exhibition of Wildlife Art
Annual Wildlife Exhibition by some of UK's finest wildlife artists. The exhibition usually takes place the last weekend of July, near Chester. Paintings can also be viewed and bought online. www.ewa-uk.com
Association of Animal Artists
The Association of Animal Artists was founded in 2009 to offer opportunities and support to animal artists who have already attained a level of expertise and experience, whether as amateurs or professionals and who wish to promote and exhibit their artwork and further progress their skills. www.associationofanimalartists.co.uk
For artist supplies, art materials, inspiration and encouragement. www.saa.co.uk
Ironbridge Fine Arts and Framing
Located in the picturesque Shropshire town of Ironbridge, this is a family-run business with a long-standing reputation for creative excellence. www.ironbridgeframing.co.uk


text:
At Vintage Estates Title & Escrow we provide our Realtor and Lender partners a significant advantage over their competition when it comes to marketing and constant client contact. Using breakthrough technology, Forever Marketing™, created specifically to increase market share, increase repeat referral business and decrease operating and marketing expenses.
As a Realtor or Lender what does this mean to you?
When your clients close at Vintage Estates Title and Escrow this means you:
- Have No Direct Cost
No software, licensing or annual fees.
- Will be provided with Instant Business Alerts
The real estate industry's only system that notifies you when homeowners return to the market.
- Will receive FREE Virtual Marketing to your clients post closing through our system Forever Marketing™
Automated marketing system works for you 24/7 to retain and add customers. Keeping you and your customers connected to the homeowner for as long as they own their home.
Want to know more?
See how it works at: http://www.nextdeal.us/video/vintage-estates


text:
I have not been following this young man's football career at Notre Dame and quite frankly, know nothing of him but the stories coming to light about his involvement in what is apparently an elaborate hoax with an alleged death and more is... intriguing to say the least.
Yet, he does have his defenders and they seem more than credible to me.
What follows are excerpts of a press conference held by Notre Dame's Vice President and Director of Athletics, Jack Swarbrick and quite frankly, he's giving a perspective I'm not hearing from sports media:
My focus here tonight is to talk to you about what the University knew, when we knew it, and what decisions we made based on that information. Much of what drove that process and those decisions relates in part to a fundamental view of the importance of student privacy, and that will likely play a role tonight also because, at the end of the day, this is Manti's story to tell and we believe he should have the right to tell it, which he is going to do.
So there may be some questions this evening which I defer to him, but I will try to be as responsive as I possibly can to all of your questions.
While we still don't know all of the dimensions of this and other than the perpetrators, I can assure you that no one knows all of the dimensions of this there are certain things that I feel confident we do know. The first is that this was a very elaborate, very sophisticated hoax perpetrated for reasons we can't fully understand but had a certain cruelty at its core, based on the exchanges that we were able to see between some of the people who perpetrated it.
Manti was the victim of that hoax. Manti is the victim of that hoax, and he will carry that with him for a while.
In many ways, Manti was the perfect mark because he is a guy who is so willing to believe in others and so ready to help that, as this hoax played out in a way that called upon those tendencies of Manti and roped him more and more into the trap. He was not a person who would have a second thought about offering his assistance and help in engaging fully.
Finally and reflective of that, I want to stress, as someone who has probably been as engaged in this as anyone in the past couple of weeks, that nothing about what I have learned has shaken my faith in Manti Te'o one iota. The same great young man, great student, and great athlete that we have been so proud to have be a member of our family is the same guy tonight, unchanged in any way, except for, as he indicated in a statement in his release, the embarrassment associated with having been a victim in this case.
Manti lives his life on his sleeve, and he is out there. As I said earlier and I don't think this was an accident they understood, given the nature, the extraordinary nature of this man, the more trouble she was in car accident, diagnosis of leukemia, failing health the more engaged he would become, the more focused he would become, and the more dedicated he would become, and that's exactly what happened here. And for those who are suspicious that that can happen in sort of a virtual environment, I think there are a lot of examples out there that suggest otherwise. I mean, this documentary chronicles one of them, but as we've gotten into this, I've been surprised to learn the frequency with which it exists and the cautionary tale it affords to those same young people. The people who will be least skeptical of this are the people who live their life in the social media as an important component of it. Skepticism probably increases with age, but it's harder for those of us who aren't fully engaged in that medium to understand how it can be used to this effect.
I really think the entire thing needs to be read... and once done, ask yourself if your view of this story changes at all.
Mine has.


text:
Watch Archer Season 3 Episode 5 online via TV Fanatic with over 7 options to watch the Archer S3E5 full episode. Affiliates with free and paid streaming include Amazon, iTunes, Vudu, YouTube Purchase, Google Play, Hulu Plus, and Verizon On Demand.
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Episode Details
Archer, Lana and Cyril head to the jungle to capture a wanted drug dealer, while the ISIS gang goes to Krieger for help with their own drug problem.
- Show:
- Archer
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text:
After rehearsing for the wedding ceremony, couples bring together their family and bridal party for one final celebration before they become husband and wife. Many couples choose to leave the formality for the wedding day and throw a casual rehearsal dinner. A casual rehearsal dinner celebration can take place at a restaurant, home or outdoor venue. The invitations and food can also reflect the rehearsal dinner's casual theme.
Backyard Barbecue
The couple, parents of the bride or groom or a close family friend can host a casual rehearsal dinner in their own backyard. Choosing someone's home for the event means that you can open the rehearsal dinner to more guests. According to The Knot, the rehearsal dinner can be as large as the couple pleases, and a large outdoor venue will accommodate more guests. Couples can grill food like chicken, steaks or kebabs and serve classic barbecue sides like potato salad and baked beans. Lanterns hanging from trees, twinkle lights or candles add ambience to the event. Guests will enjoy the laid-back atmosphere of this rehearsal dinner, and couples will be able to relax with the people they care about before they exchange vows.
Family-Style Restaurant
Since guests will likely enjoy a formal plated or buffet meal at your wedding, choose a unique meal for your rehearsal dinner. Many restaurants serve family-style meals, in which you choose a number of entrees, and guests pass the meals around the table and share. This casual serving style encourages guests to interact and enjoy a relaxed meal. Choose from hearty Italian entrees like manicotti and chicken Parmesan, or even offer a pizza buffet for guests to nosh on. For privacy, reserve a banquet room at a restaurant so that you and your guests can enjoy each other's company away from the restaurant crowds.
Hawaiian Luau
Whether you're getting married beachside or honeymooning in Hawaii, a luau is a casual and festive rehearsal dinner theme. You can throw this event at a waterside restaurant or someone's home. Decorate the venue with leis and tiki torches, and top tables with tropical flowers. Serve Hawaiian-inspired food like teriyaki chicken topped with pineapple and sweet-and-sour meatballs. Encourage guests to wear their favorite tropical attire to get everyone in the mood for a casual, beach-themed celebration. Play Hawaiian music, and let guests transport themselves to a tropical paradise to kick off your wedding weekend festivities.


text: It happens every year. How it happens only a few folks would know, but it does. Each year there is a "leak" of the next series of Dunnys well before Kidrobot announces them. Is there a mole? Is it a ploy of the marketing department? Hard to say, but here is what you have to look forward to when they are released later this year. There is a nice mix of the artists we all expect to be involved, such as Tara McPherson, MAD, and Triclops. But there's also a lot of Dunny newbies, like Jon-Paul Kaiser, Sergio Mancini, and Nakanari. Hopefully the official release date will be announced soon, cause I'm ready to increase the size of my collection ASAP.


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Hello visitor! A note about the contents of this wiki: Barotrauma is a game with several years' worth history as a free-download open source game, and this wiki has been written primarily based on this legacy version. As such, not all content is relevant to the Steam release. So please wait patiently as the contents are updated, and feel free to contribute new information once the Steam version of Barotrauma is released!
Category:Electrical Components
|Can be used to carry signals and power between items.
|And Component
|If the two inputs receive a signal within a specific timeframe, the component sends a signal through the "signal_out" connector. The component also has a "set_output" connector, which can be used for setting the output signal to a desired value ("1" by default).
|Or Component
|Same as the And Component, but the output signal is sent if either of the inputs receives a signal.
|Not Component
|Has only one input and one output. If the component receives a signal "0", it sends out "1" through the output and vice versa.
|Signal Check Component
|Compares the received signal with a specific string and outputs "1" if they are the same, otherwise outputs "0".
|RegEx Find Component
|Similar to the signal check component, except that the signal is matched to a regular expression instead of a string.
|Oxygen Detector
|Outputs a value from 0 to 100 depending on the air quality in the room.
|Light Component
|Has two inputs: "toggle" and "set_state". Toggle turns the light on/off whenever it receives any signal other than "0", set_state turns the light off if it receives "0" and on if it receives any other signal.
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text:
- Kuvaus
YksityiskohdatThe active insect protection offers horse and rider an effective protection for many hours - and without stinking! Boots RP1 insect repellent is a well-known and proven product against annoying plague glands. Boots RP1 has been awarded several times as a test winner. It does not smelly and properly applied it provides the consumer maximum protection with minimum consumption. For the correct application of the repellent, it is very important to apply the active substance over the entire surface. This is best achieved by the combination of spray and gel . Boots RP1-Spray provides the large body regions such as neck, back and croup from above covering a broad spray mist. Boots RP1 gel can be targeted at the head to apply the eyes and nostrils as well as especially under the belly. When applied with the sponge, the active substance reaches the exact concentration at which it is to be applied.
- Arvostelut


text:
Hotels in Roses
Budget hotels in RosesSee all
Agi Gloria Rooms
Roses 206 m from city centre
Located in Roses, a few steps from Platja de la Punta, Agi Gloria Rooms provides a tour desk and free WiFi throughout the...
Torre Quimeta
Roses 856 m from city centre
In the Santa Margarida district of Roses, close to Playa Rastrell, Torre Quimeta features a garden, free WiFi and a washing...
Casa Del Mar
Roses 962 m from city centre
This small, family-run hotel is located in the Costa Brava resort of Roses, next to the historic site of Ciutadella and 3...
Agi Rescator Resort
Roses 1.6 km from city centre
The preferred airport for Odalys Residence Don Miguel is Gerona (GRO-Costa Brava) - 54.2 km / 33.7 mi. Distances are calculated...
Inmosantos Apartamentos Daniel
Roses 1.9 km from city centre
Set in a quiet area, Apartamentos Daniel is 5 minutes' walk from the beach and 1.9 mi from the center of Roses. It...
Prestige Goya Park
Roses 1.6 km from city centre
This family-friendly hotel is to be found in a peaceful location about 1.5 km from the city centre. The centre of Roas attracts...
Rvs Port Canigó
Roses 2.8 km from city centre
RVHotels Port Canigó are located in the Urbanizacion de Santa Margarida, 1km from the beach and 3km from the centre of Roses....
Tourism in Roses
They are quiet beaches of fine white sand, and are little visited. In Nova and Perola you can join the route taken by many coastal boats, some of which boast glass bottoms for enjoying the sea floor.
One of the attractions of the region and the one for which it is best-known is the famous restaurant El Bulli, where the famous chef Ferrán Adriá reigns, and which is open to the public only a few months a year.
Because Roses is essentially a small fishing town, albeit one of the most important in Cataluña, it doesnt have much of a nightlife. Its appeal lies in the tranquility it offers the sensation sought by most who visit this port and the beauty of the Mediterranean. In fact, one of the most strikingly attractive scenes of the region is found at this point, with the lighthouse and the panorama of the bay of Roses, and the sea as chief protagonist.
Along the length of the boardwalk are ice cream shops and restaurants for those wanting to enjoy seaside proximity: but aside from these typical tourist offerings, Roses maintains its spirit as one of the least known corners of the Spanish coast.


text:
News in Brief
Bush Picks Ed. Dept. Inspector General
President Bush last week nominated Jerry Gayle Bridges to be the inspector general of the U.S. Department of Education. He will serve as its acting director until confirmed by the Senate. Mr. Bridges is the chief financial officer of the Corporation for National and Community Service.
Vol. 28, Issue 04, Page 5Published in Print: September 17, 2008, as Bush Picks Ed. Dept. Inspector General
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text:
Government of Canada contributes to world-class research on species identification
News Release
Funding to support genomics research in plant protection and food safety
2016-01-14 – Guelph, Ontario – Canadian Food Inspection Agency
The Honourable Jane Philpott, Minister of Health, today announced an investment from the Government of Canada to support the use of genomics research in plant protection and food safety regulation.
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) and the University of Guelph's Biodiversity Institute of Ontario (U of G – BIO) will partner to create tools to use genomics and DNA barcoding to improve species identification for early detection of plant pests and mislabelled fish and seafood. Additionally, the funding will support the development of a program to help enhance cooperation between CFIA and (U of G – BIO) scientists, leverage opportunities in genomics to modernize regulatory programs, and prevent entry of invasive plant pests.
The CFIA is contributing $323,000 over 18 months to support this collaboration. Canada is at the forefront of genomics and DNA barcoding for species detection and identification. The ability to accurately detect and identify species is a key component to ensuring a safe and accessible food supply and plant resource base.
Quick facts
- The Biodiversity Institute of Ontario at the University of Guelph is the birthplace of the field of DNA barcoding.
- DNA barcoding uses short standardized DNA sequences to identify and differentiate species.
- There is worldwide interest in the potential applications of DNA barcodes for use in regulatory and research settings.
"Canada is proud to invest in this important research that applies genomics to protecting our food supply and environment. These projects demonstrate our commitment to using the best science to deliver evidence-based results that Canadians expect from our regulatory institutions."
The Honourable Jane Philpott
Minister of Health
"Our partnership with the CFIA will enable the University of Guelph to leverage opportunities in genomics that will modernize regulatory programs. We look forward to the exciting outcomes of this world-class scientific collaboration."
Malcolm Campbell
Vice-President, Research, University of Guelph
Additional links
Canadian Food Inspection Agency
Media Relations Unit
Office of the Honourable Jane Philpott
Minister of Health
Press Secretary
Andrew MacKendrick
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Hon. Jane Philpott Canadian Food Inspection Agency Agriculture
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text:
Walden Security
B-407022,B-407022.2: Oct 10, 2012
Additional Materials:
- Full Report:
(202) 512-8278
Kenneth E. Patton
(202) 512-8205
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
Metropolitan Security Services, Inc. d/b/a Walden Security, of Chattanooga, Tennessee, protests the decision of the Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to issue request for quotations (RFQ) No. 2012-Q-14617, for security guard services at various locations in the metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, area, as a small business set-aside.
We deny the protest.
The decision issued on the date below was subject to a GAO Protective Order. This version with no redactions has been approved for public release.
Matter of: Walden Security
File: B-407022; B-407022.2
Date: October 10, 2012
John S. Pachter, Esq., JonathanD. Shaffer, Esq., Mary Pat Buckenmeyer, Esq., Armani Vadiee, Esq., and Rhina M.Cardenal, Esq., Smith Pachter McWhorter PLC, for the protester.
Jeffrey E. Weinstein, Esq., The Weinstein Law Group, PLLC, for MillenniumSecurity Service, Inc., an intervenor.
Elise Harris, Esq., Department of Health and Human Services, Centers forDisease Control and Prevention, for the agency.
Tania Calhoun, Esq., and Edward Goldstein, Esq., Office of theGeneral Counsel, GAO, participated in the preparation of the decision.
Protest challenging an agencys decision to set aside aprocurement for small businesses is denied where the record shows that thecontracting officer reasonably expected that at least two responsible smallbusiness concerns would compete for the award and that award would be made at afair market price.
Metropolitan Security Services, Inc. d/b/a WaldenSecurity, of Chattanooga, Tennessee, protests the decision of the Department ofHealth and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), toissue request for quotations (RFQ) No. 2012-Q-14617, for security guardservices at various locations in the metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, area, as asmall business set-aside.
We deny the protest.
The CDC operates facilities at four federally-ownedcampuses, and utilizes multiple leased office facilities, in the metropolitanAtlanta area. Security must be provided at all of these facilities. Contracting Officers (CO) Statement at 1. Walden, a large business, is theincumbent contractor.[1] At issue here is thefollow-on procurement to Waldens expiring contract.
In preparation for the procurement, the CO consulted withthe CDCs small business officer and sent e-mails to small businesses withrelevant General Services Administration schedule contracts requestingstatements of their capabilities. CO Statement at 5 n.3. On February 9, 2012,the CDC published an initial sources sought notice for its securityrequirements and received capability statements from numerous firms. The COstates that an analysis of the responses indicated that at least two smallbusinesses could meet the requirements, and the agency issued RFQ No.2012-Q-14257 as a small business set-aside. Id. at 2 n.1. Walden fileda protest in our Office challenging this decision. After the CDC canceled thesolicitation to add requirements, we dismissed Waldens protest as academic.
On June 8, the CDC posted a new sources sought notice todetermine the availability of small businesses that could meet the agencysrequirements. The notice summarized the requirement and attached theperformance work statement (PWS). The notice explained that contractors mustbe certified and licensed to provide security guard services in the State ofGeorgia, and that all applicable licenses and certifications for armed guardswere required. Prospective contractors were asked to respond to questionsconcerning their capabilities, and, where teaming arrangements werecontemplated, to provide information for each teaming entity. AR, Exh. J, June8, 2012, Sources Sought Notice, at BATES No. 0000199.
The CDC received 19 capability statements by the June 13deadline. The contract specialist verified the small business status of theresponding firms, and a program analyst determined that four firms met theRFQs requirements. Supp. AR, Declaration of Contract Specialist at ¶¶ 4-6; COStatement at 3. The only contemporaneous evidence of analysis underlying thisdetermination is an e-mail to the contract specialist from the program analystassigned to evaluate the capability statements. The e-mail states, [h]ere arethe results of the most recent sources sought, and lists the names of thefirms that responded to the notice with a yes or no notation next to eachname. AR, Exh. S, June 13, 2012 E-mail from Program Analyst to ContractSpecialist, at BATES No. 0001362. The CO decided to set aside the procurementfor small businesses based on the program analysts evaluation, as well asmarket research and discussions with the Small Business Administration. AR,Exh. W, CO Declaration at ¶ 7.
The RFQ anticipates the award of a fixed-price contract, withseparate labor hour line items for surge, emergency, and overtimerequirements. RFQ at 2-7. The services are to be provided over one base year,with up to four 1-year option periods. The solicitation includes a 120-daytransition period. Id. Award is to be made on a best value basis,considering technical factors and price.
Of relevance to the protest, contractors are required tohave a business or corporate license to operate as a commercial securityservice on or before the date of award, and to ensure that each securityguard/officer has obtained all licenses and certifications that are required byfederal, state, and/or local laws 120 days after award. PWS ¶¶ 4.2.2, 4.1.8,4.1.3. The PWS includes experience requirements; this experience could be metby either the prime contractor or a subcontractor. AR, Exh. E, July 11 E-mailfrom Contract Specialist to Vendors. In this regard, the RFQ allows forpartnering agreements with non-qualifying entities provided that the primecontractor performs at least 51 percent of the labor costs. PWS ¶ 4.3.1.
Walden filed this protest prior to the RFQs July 16closing date. The CDC received eight quotations in response to thesolicitation.
Walden argues that the decision to set aside theprocurement for small business participation was unreasonable, improper, and anabuse of the contracting officers discretion. Walden asserts that the CDC didnot contemporaneously evaluate whether there were two capable and qualifiedsmall business concerns that met the RFQs requirements at a fair marketprice. Alternatively, Walden contends that the CDCs set-aside determinationwas unreasonable since no small business is capable of meeting the RFQs licensingrequirements, or providing the services at a fair market price.
Under Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) § 19.502-2(b),a procurement with an anticipated dollar value of more than $150,000, such asthe one here, must be set aside for exclusive small business participation whenthere is a reasonable expectation that: (1) offers will be received from atleast two responsible small business concerns, and (2) that award will be madeat a fair market price. The use of any particular method of assessing theavailability of small businesses is not required so long as the agencyundertakes reasonable efforts to locate responsible small businesscompetitors. Med-South, Inc., B-401214, May 20, 2009, 2009 CPD ¶ 112 at2; National Linen Serv., B-285458, Aug. 22, 2000, 2000 CPD ¶ 138 at 2.
The decision whether to set aside a procurement may bebased on an analysis of factors such as the prior procurement history, therecommendations of appropriate small business specialists, and market surveysthat include responses to sources sought announcements. Commonwealth HomeHealth Care, Inc., B-400163, July 24, 2008, 2008 CPD ¶ 140 at 3. In makingset-aside decisions, agencies need not make actual determinations ofresponsibility or decisions tantamount to determinations of responsibility;rather, they need only make an informed business judgment that there is areasonable expectation of receiving acceptably priced offers from smallbusiness concerns that are capable of performing the contract. Ceradyne,Inc., B-402281, Feb. 17, 2010, 2010 CPD ¶ 70 at 4. Because a decisionwhether to set aside a procurement is a matter of business judgment within thecontracting officers discretion, our review is limited to determining whetherthat official abused his or her discretion. KNAPP Logistics Automation,Inc., B-406303, Mar. 23, 2012, 2012 CPD ¶ 101 at 2. We will not question asmall business set aside determination where the record shows that the evidencebefore the contracting officer was adequate to support the reasonableness ofthe conclusion that small business competition reasonably could be expected. CommonwealthHome Health Care, Inc., supra, at 3.
We first address Waldens argument that the CDC failed toconduct, or document, any contemporaneous analysis or evaluation to support itsdecision to issue the solicitation as a small business set-aside, and itscompanion argument that we should give the agencys post-protest analysislittle or no weight.
The only contemporaneous evidence of the set-asideanalysis is the e-mail from the program analyst to the contractspecialist discussed above, with yes or no notations beside the names offirms responding to the sources sought notice. Walden challenged the agencysdocumentation in its comments on the agency report, and GAO asked the agency torespond. The CDC provided a declaration, and a supplemental declaration, fromthe program analyst.[2] The program analyst statesthat, after she received the capability statements, she read and evaluated eachagainst a set of questions and responses established to ascertain a firmscapability to perform. She states that, during the course of this protest, sherefreshed her memory of that evaluation by re-reading the capability statementsof the firms found capable and recollected the reasons for her findings. AR,Exh. X, Supp. Program Analyst Declaration, at ¶¶ 3-10. She provided herdocumented recollections for each firm.[3]
Walden argues that the agencys post-protest analysis shouldbe accorded no weight, as it was prepared during the adversarial protestprocess and does more than fill in limited gaps in the contemporaneous record. We do not agree.
As Walden acknowledges, GAO will not limit its review tocontemporaneous evidence, but considers all the information provided, includinga partys arguments and explanations. See Serco, Inc., B-406683,B-406683.2, Aug. 3, 2012, 2012 CPD ¶ 216 at 7. While we generally give little orno weight to reevaluations and judgments prepared in the heat of theadversarial process, Boeing Sikorsky Aircraft Support, B-277263.2,B-277263.3, Sept. 29, 1997, 97-2 CPD ¶ 91 at 15, post-protestexplanations that provide a detailed rationale for contemporaneous conclusions,and simply fill in previously unrecorded details, will generally be consideredin our review as long as those explanations are credible and consistent withthe contemporaneous record. NWT, Inc.; PharmChem Labs., Inc., B-280988,B-280988.2, Dec. 17, 1998, 98-2 CPD ¶ 158 at 16.
Here, the contemporaneous conclusions were the yesnotations in the program analysts e-mail to the contract specialist. Theprogram analysts post-protest explanations provide detailed and crediblerationales for those conclusions, and fill in the details she did notpreviously record. As a result, we consider these explanations in our reviewof the propriety of the agencys set-aside determination.[4]
Walden alternatively argues that the CDCs post-protestanalysis does not show that there were two capable and qualified small businessconcerns that met the RFQs requirements at a fair market price. Waldensprincipal argument is that there is no reasonable expectation that two or moresmall businesses can meet the solicitations armed guard license requirementsunder Georgia law.
As noted above, the PWS requires the contractor to ensurethat each security guard has obtained all licenses, permits and certificatesrequired by federal, state and local laws 120 days after award. PWS ¶¶ 4.1.3,4.1.8. The CDC does not dispute that armed security guards must be licensedunder Georgia law. The CDC also does not dispute Waldens characterization ofGeorgia law as requiring that the security company, as the employer, must applyfor and obtain the license on behalf of its employee. After properlyregistering its employees, the security company retains the license of itsarmed security guards. Georgia does not permit the transfer of such licensesbetween employers. Protest at 6.
Walden argues that no small business can meet thisrequirement because the 120-day transition period does not allow enoughtime to re-certify the security guards now working for Walden or a sufficientnumber of other security guards to perform the requirements. Walden arguesthat, to apply for a license, the employees must be employed by the contractor,and obtaining the licenses takes between 5 and 7 months, longer than thetransition period. Waldens estimate is drawn from an October 2011 e-mail froma CDC supervisory contracting officer to the contract specialist. Protest, TabC, at 43-45. In this e-mail, which concerned a planning meeting for therecompetition of these requirements, the supervisory contracting officer refersto the licenses at issue and states that [i]t takes about 5 to 7 months toobtain the licenses from the State of Georgia . . . Id.
The CDC counters that this e-mail is not dispositivebecause it does not reflect the time estimate of the State of Georgia, thelicensing entity. The CO states that her independent investigation oftimetables for obtaining licenses showed that the states estimates forprocessing an application coincided with the transition period in thesolicitation. CO Statement at 7. In this regard, the contract specialiststates that she contacted the Georgia Secretary of State, ProfessionalLicensing Board Division, to find out the timeframe for security guardcompanies to obtain guard licenses for their employees, so the CDC could setreasonable timeframes for contract transition. She states that on threeoccasions, including February and July of 2012, she contacted the state and wasgiven the affirmative timeframe of 25 to 30 days for a company to obtainlicenses for employees to work under their company as security guards. AR,Att. 1, Declaration of Contract Specialist, at ¶¶ 3-5.
We agree with the CDC that the e-mail proffered by Waldenis, at best, the supervisory contracting officers estimate, and that the CDCreasonably relied on information obtained from the state of Georgia itself. Waldens argument that the contract specialists declaration is not accompaniedby more specific documentation affords us no basis to question its contents. Walden argues that the estimate of 25-30 days does not account for delays infiling applications or post-application delays due to incorrectly completedapplications. However, Walden has not shown that any of these potential delaysundercut the agencys determination that offers from two or more responsiblesmall businesses can reasonably be expected.
Finally, Walden asserts that the agency did not analyze whethersmall businesses could offer fair market prices. Walden argues that, becauseof the licensing and other technical requirements, any small business wouldhave to add a premium to its proposed pricing, thereby resulting in priceshigher than fair market.
A contracting officer may reasonably rely on anexpectation that there will be adequate price competition to conclude that thecompetition will result in a fair market price. KNAPP Logistics Automation,Inc., B-406303, Mar. 23, 2012, 2012 CPD ¶ 137 at 5. The FAR provides thatadequate price competition exists where two or more responsible offerors submitproposals that satisfy the governments requirements, award is based on a bestvalue determination where price is a substantial factor, and the price of thesuccessful offeror is not unreasonable. FAR §§ 15.403-1(c)(1);15.404-1(b)(2)(i). Here, the CDC concluded that four of 19 firms responding tothe notice were small businesses capable of meeting the solicitationsrequirements. Waldens speculation that small businesses would propose priceshigher than fair market is just that. Under the circumstances, we concludethat it was reasonable for the CDC to anticipate adequate price competition,and that, as a result of that price competition, award would be made at a fairmarket price under the set-aside procurement.[5] National Linen Serv.,supra, at 3-4.
The protest is denied.
Lynn H. Gibson
General Counsel
[1] According to the CO,Walden became the incumbent contractor when it was still a small business byreceiving an award under a solicitation set aside for small business concerns. CO Statement at 4 n.2.
[2] In response to GAOsinitial request for CDCs response, the program analysts declaration statedthat she evaluated the capability statements against a list of questions towhich the answer had to be yes in order to consider the firm capable; basedon her review, four firms were found capable. AR, Exh. W, Program AnalystsDeclaration, at ¶¶ 3-7. Since the declaration did not explain why the firmswere found to be capable, GAO sought an additional response from the CDC. Thisrequest elicited a supplemental declaration from the program analyst.
[3] The program analyst alsoattached her analysis of the capability statements submitted in response to thesources sought notice for the prior procurement. In its supplemental comments,Walden cites statements from that analysis of the prior capability statementsto challenge the analysis conducted for the present procurement. As we ruledearly in the protest, the prior capability statements, and analysis of thosestatements, are not relevant. The prior sources sought notice concerned a differentprocurement, and each procurement stands on its own. See AdvancedConstr. Techniques, Inc., B-404847.6, Jan. 25, 2012, 2012 CPD ¶ 54 at 9. Thereis no evidence that the first set of capability statements were the same asthose submitted here, and no indication that the program analyst relied on herprior analysis to conduct her present analysis. As a consequence, we need notaddress Waldens arguments stemming from the analysis for the priorprocurement.
[4] The agency reportincluded the capability statements received in response to the instant sourcessought notice. In its comments on the agency report, Walden argued that itsreview of those submissions raised numerous red flags calling theircapabilities into question, Comments at 18, but did not identify those redflags. In its supplemental comments, Walden revisits its metaphor with moredetail, arguing that certain firms are not eligible small businesses. Waldencites as its support comments made in the program analysts analysis of thecapability statements submitted in response to the previous sources soughtnotice. To the extent that Waldens arguments are premised on the content ofthe capability statements at issue here, the arguments are untimely. Our BidProtest Regulations do not contemplate the unwarranted piecemeal presentationor development of protest issues. 4 C.F.R. § 21.2(a) (2012); AINS, Inc.,B-405902.3, May 31, 2012, 2012 CPD ¶ 180 at 6 n.12. To the extent that thearguments rely on the analysis of the capability statements submitted in responseto a different procurement, as indicated above, that analysis is not relevanthere. See note 3, supra.
[5] The CDCs conclusionsregarding the potential for obtaining competitive proposals from smallbusinesses appear to have been validated by the fact that it received offersfrom eight small businesses. Commonwealth, supra, at 3 n.2.
Oct 28, 2020
Tetra Tech, Inc.
We deny the protest.
Inalab Consulting, Inc.
We deny the protest.
Quanterion Solutions, Inc.
We deny the protest.
Oct 27, 2020
Silver Investments, Inc.
We dismiss the protest as untimely because it was filed more than 10 days after the protester knew, or should have known, the basis for its protest.
CareFusion Solutions, LLC
We dismiss the protest.
Open SAN Consulting, LLC
We deny the protest.
Looking for more? Browse all our products here


text: Full_Name: Quanah Gibson-Mount Version: openldap-2.2.11 OS: Solaris 8 URL: ftp://ftp.openldap.org/incoming/ Submission from: (NULL) (184.108.40.206) In playing with slapcat, and using OpenLDAP as our production servers for the last year, I've found that it would be extremely useful to be able to slapcat the database while excluding a subtree. The reason for this is that we periodically regenerate one portion of our tree structure. Although we can specifically slapcat particular subtrees, I find it would be simpler to run slapcat to exclude the tree I don't want anymore from the output. So this is a simple enhancement request. ;)


text:
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text:
At least one positive thing came out of the Dallas Cowboys' loss in Week 1. Dak Prescott came away impressed with Mike McCarthy in their first game together, according to The Associated Press.
Following the 20-17 loss, Prescott, 27, said he was a fan of McCarthy's aggressive play calls.
"I mean, I love the aggressiveness," Prescott said. "I think that was the point in the game that if we get that first down and punch it in the end zone, we're looking at a whole different ballgame. I think it was a momentum chance, and I love the play call. We just weren't able to get it."
Prescott was referring to the Cowboys going for it on fourth down while trailing 20-17 in the fourth quarter. With the Cowboys threatening to score, McCarthy decided to go for it on 4th and 3 deep in Los Angeles Rams' territory. Prescott completed a pass to rookie CeeDee Lamb, but Lamb was short of the first-down marker. The Cowboys turned the ball over on downs, and failed to score again, losing the game. The short field goal would have tied things up, but McCarthy was playing for the win.
While that decision will be scrutinized, the Cowboys had additional chances to come back. The team may have had another opportunity to kick a game-tying field goal if Michael Gallup hadn't been called for a controversial offensive pass interference penalty late in the game.
Losing the game hurt, but the call didn't sink the Cowboys.
What does this mean for Dak Prescott's free agency?
It's probably not wise to read too much into Prescott's comments when it comes to his upcoming free agency. It's not a bad thing that Prescott likes McCarthy's play calls. Comfort and familiarity will likely have some impact on Prescott's free-agent decision.
But those things aren't going to trump money. Prescott has made it clear he expects to be paid like a star quarterback. And given how NFL teams treat above-average quarterbacks in free agency, Prescott will likely get his money.
If the Cowboys can make a competitive offer, maybe Prescott's comments about McCarthy's play calling lead to Prescott staying. But if the Cowboys' aren't willing to pay what it takes for Prescott, it's hard to imagine he'll pass up millions because he likes McCarthy's play style.
More from Yahoo Sports:


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Nicole and Ben's backyard wedding this past weekend made my heart so happy. This little family is so full of happiness, love and thankfulness for each other and they are all so welcoming! The entire day was completely relaxed and it was a pleasure to take part and watch the love for Nicole, Ben, Naomi and Malcolm pour out of each guest watching their intimate ceremony. ❤Thanks for stopping by!
Laura Smiley ❤


text:
XII ISMM World Congress on Mountain Medicine
In the tradition of the last 24 years, the bi-annual congress will continue to focus on high altitude medicine which is an important flagship of the International Society for Mountain Medicine (ISMM). While originally this event focused mainly on science and research aspects of high altitude medicine, for some years now the congress objectives have extended. ISMM aims to offer a comprehensive overview of ongoing topics of interest in mountain medicine, whilst also extending the program by adding a dedicated mountain emergency medicine.
When: 21-24 November 2018
Where: Kathmandu, Nepal
To register and for more information www.ismm2018.org
Contact: [email protected]
Posted: 05/04/18
Posted By: Margaret McMahon


text:
Guidepost Solutions performed an audit and investigation of a contractor who diverted company assets into a new company and then filed for bankruptcy. The client, a major creditor, brought legal action. Assets were hidden through the use of several real estate companies and land acquisitions. Our team conducted audits of the receipts, disbursements of the contractor and numerous affiliated real estate entities; reviewed property acquisition contracts and related closing documents; assisted the attorney during depositions; and provided deposition testimony. As a result, the creditor was able to obtain a significant settlement from the contractor.
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