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- 2.1 Biblical creeds
- 2.2 The origin of the early church creeds
- 2.2.1 The Apostles' Creed
- 2.2.2 The Creed of Nicaea-Constantinople
- 2.3 The early church creeds and their significance for the New Apostolic Church
- 2.4 The New Apostolic Creed
- 2.4.1 The First Article of Faith
- 2.4.2 The Second Article of Faith
- 2.4.3 The Third Article of Faith
- 2.4.4 The Fourth Article of Faith
- 2.4.5 The Fifth Article of Faith
- 2.4.6 The Sixth Article of Faith
- 2.4.7 The Seventh Article of Faith
- 2.4.8 The Eighth Article of Faith
- 2.4.9 The Ninth Article of Faith
- 2.4.10 The Tenth Article of Faith
2 The Creed
A creed summarises the essential content of a doctrine of faith. Those who profess a creed fulfil one of the prerequisites for belonging to a respective denomination of faith: one thus believes the same things all other members of this denomination profess. A denomination thus defines itself by its creed, and thereby distinguishes its doctrine from that of others.
2.1 Biblical creeds Back to top
The old covenant already had its own confessional statements. Professing Yahweh as the God of Israel was linked to His historical act of salvation for His people, that is their deliverance from slavery in Egypt (Deuteronomy 26: 5-9). This profession of the One God necessitates the rejection of all other gods (Joshua 24: 23).
The focus of synagogue divine service is the creed "Hear, O Israel" (Shema Yisrael) which states, among other things: "Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one! ... And these words which I command you today shall be in your heart. You shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your house" (Deuteronomy 6: 4-7).
The creeds of the New Testament express God's act of salvation in the sending of Jesus Christ. Already early on, there were statements in which Christians expressed their faith at baptism or in divine service.
An example of this is the statement "Jesus is the Lord!" (Romans 10: 9). An important statement expressed in the creeds of the early church is the testimony that the Lord is resurrected: "The Lord is risen indeed" (Luke 24: 34; cf. 1 Corinthians 15: 3-5). Likewise the statement "Maranatha"–which can be translated as "O Lord, come" (1 Corinthians 16: 22) or "Our Lord is coming"–can be understood as a creed. It first came into use in the Aramaic-speaking congregations of the early church.
Further professions of Jesus Christ, His essence, and His work can be found in the early church hymns, for example in 1 Timothy 3: 16: "God was manifested in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen by angels, preached among the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up in glory" (Philippians 2: 6-11, Colossians 1: 15-20).
2.2 The origin of the early church creeds Back to top
As Christianity spread through the Roman Empire, many who became Christians remained, at least in part, mired in their previous religious or philosophical views. The fusion of these views with Christian doctrine resulted in heresies, which caused uncertainty among the believers. In particular, the doctrines of the Trinity and of the essence, or nature, of Jesus Christ ignited serious disputes. To counter this development, efforts were made to formulate creeds which were intended to be binding for the faith of the congregation and thus also for the individual believer. Conformity to the doctrine of Christ and His Apostles served as the standard when it came to deciding whether a statement about God's being and activity should find its way into the creeds. Over the course of time, various creeds were formulated: the Apostles' Creed (Apostolicum), the Creed of Nicaea-Constantinople, and the Athanasian Creed.
2.2.1 The Apostles' Creed Back to top
The Apostles' Creed originated in the early post-apostolic period. Some of its essential statements are based upon the sermon preached by Apostle Peter in the house of Cornelius (Acts 10: 37-43). The basic tenets of the Apostolicum were compiled in the second century and lightly supplemented in the fourth century.
"I believe in God, the Father almighty, Creator of heaven and earth. I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the virgin Mary. He suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried. He descended to the dead. On the third day He rose again. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy universal [catholic] church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen."
2.2.2 The Creed of Nicaea-Constantinople Back to top
In the year 325 Emperor Constantine convened the Council of Nicaea. Approximately 250 to 300 Bishops accepted the emperor's invitation. Constantine regarded the now widespread Christian faith as a force potentially capable of supporting the state. Since the unity of Christendom was threatened by a controversy concerning the essence of Christ ("the Arian controversy"), he was very interested in having the Bishops formulate a unanimous doctrine.
The most important result of this council was the Nicene Creed. It was further refined in later councils right up until the eighth century–among them the significant Council of Constantinople (AD 381)–and is designated as the "Creed of Nicaea-Constantinople". In particular, this creed goes beyond the scope of the Apostolicum to enshrine the profession of the Trinity of God and emphasise the distinguishing features of the church.
Following is the wording of the Creed of Nicaea-Constantinople:
"We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible. And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds (æons), Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father; by whom all things were made; who for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the virgin Mary, and was made man; He was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, and suffered, and was buried, and the third day He rose again, according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of the Father; from thence He shall come again, with glory, to judge the quick and the dead; whose kingdom shall have no end. And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of life, who proceedeth from the Father and the Son [1], who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified, who spake by the prophets. In one holy universal [catholic] and apostolic church; we acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins; we look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen."
A creed that largely corresponds to the Nicene Creed in its statements is the much more detailed Athanasian Creed, which likely came into being during the sixth century and was made public (ca. AD 670) at the Synod of Autun.
[1] The statement that the Holy Spirit also emanates from the Son (Latin filioque) is not part of the original text of this creed. This formulation was incorporated within the Western Church in the eighth century. This led to a dispute with the Eastern Church, which has refused to accept the addition to this day. This dispute was one of the reasons for the separation between the Eastern and Western Churches in the year AD 1054. The Roman Catholic Church, the Old Catholic Churches, as well as the churches of the Reformation eventually emerged from the Western Church, while the Eastern Church eventually spawned the various national Orthodox Churches.
2.3 The early church creeds and their significance for the New Apostolic Church Back to top
The doctrine of the New Apostolic Church is based on Holy Scripture. The early church creeds express the fundamentals of the Christian faith as attested in the Old and New Testaments. The early church creeds do not extend beyond that which is attested in Holy Scripture, but rather summarise its content in concise and binding terms. As such, they stretch beyond confessional borders and–like Holy Baptism with water–represent a unifying link between all Christians.
The New Apostolic Church professes belief in the triune God, in Jesus Christ as true God and true Man, in His birth by the virgin Mary, in the sending of the Holy Spirit, in the church, in the sacraments, in the expectation of the return of Christ, and in the resurrection of the dead, as formulated in the two early church creeds.
SUMMARY Back to top
A creed summarises the essential contents of a doctrine of faith. A religious denomination thereby defines itself and distinguishes itself from others. (2)
The old covenant already had its confessional formulas in which the profession of the one God was linked with His historical act of salvation, deliverance from Egypt. (2.1)
The professions of the New Testament bring to expression God's act of salvation in Jesus Christ. (2.1)
When disputes flared up over the trinity of God and the doctrine of the nature of Jesus Christ, creeds were formulated. The standard for their formulation was the New Testament, that is the doctrine of Christ and His Apostles. (2.2)
The Apostles' Creed (Apostolicum), the Creed of Nicaea-Constantinople, and the Athanasian Creed thus came into being. The basic tenets of the Apostles' Creed were summarised in the second century and lightly expanded in the fourth century. The Creed of Nicaea-Constantinople brings the trinity of God to special expression. (2.2.1; 2.2.2)
The early church creeds summarise the testimony of Holy Scripture in concise and authoritative form. Thereby they transcend confessional borders and represent a binding agent between all Christians. (2.3)
The New Apostolic Church professes the belief formulated in both creeds of the early church. (2.3)
2.4 The New Apostolic Creed Back to top
It is the task of the apostolate to interpret Holy Scripture and the early church creeds in a manner that is authoritative for our faith. An important result of this is the New Apostolic Creed. In it the faith and doctrine of the New Apostolic Church come to binding expression.
The New Apostolic Creed is closely related to the early church creeds. The first three Articles of Faith largely correspond to the Apostolicum. They thereby emphasise the significance of this early church confession. The seven Articles of Faith that follow represent an interpretation and further development of, as well as a complement to, these creeds as they apply to the ministries, the sacraments, the teaching of the last things, as well as the relationship between the individual and society.
Since its inception, the New Apostolic Creed has been revised on several occasions. This was done in order to reflect the proper and timely development of the New Apostolic doctrine of faith. Interpretation is an action that can take place on an ongoing basis. This is part of a dynamic tradition that occurred in the writings of the New Testament itself, and in the interpretation work of later generations which was based upon it. Dynamic tradition is not rigid, but is instead characterised by both preservation and change. Both of these are of decisive importance for tradition and therefore also interpretation: preservation is indispensable for church doctrine if it does not want to forget its history or dissociate itself from its origins. Change is indispensable for church doctrine if it does not want to become irrelevant to present generations and become rigid in one or the other insights of a particular period.
Through the course of time the Creed came to propagate belief in the triune God, in Jesus Christ as the incarnate God, in His sacrificial death, in His resurrection, in His return, in the church as the authority that imparts salvation, in the sending of the Apostles, and in the sacraments as expressions of God's saving love and care.
New Apostolic Christians are to profess the Articles of Faith. The creed is to define their attitude of faith. It also serves to familiarise others with the essential content of the New Apostolic faith in concise form.
The New Apostolic Creed is formulated in the awareness that God's love, grace, and omnipotence cannot be exhaustively expressed in doctrinal and confessional statements, and that these divine characteristics will always be greater than anything human beings can ever say about them. Thus the creed does not draw any boundaries that would deny other Christians access to salvation.
2.4.1 The First Article of Faith Back to top
I believe in God, the Father, the Almighty, the Creator of heaven and earth. Back to top
The First Article of Faith refers to God, the Father, as the Creator (see 3.3). That God is the Creator is attested in both the Old and New Testaments. The creation incorporates both heaven and earth, namely–as the Creed of Nicaea-Constantinople states–"all things visible and invisible". Both the material and the spiritual exist on the basis of God's act of creation: God is the author of all reality, and it testifies of Him.
God is not only almighty as regards His work of creation, but is omnipotent in all respects. The omnipotence of God is also demonstrated by the fact that He has authored the creation in the absence of any preconditions: the act of God's free will created all that exists from nothing (creatio ex nihilo, Hebrews 11: 3).
Although the First Article of Faith speaks of God, the Father, as the Creator, God, the Son, and God, the Holy Spirit, are also involved in the act of creation. After all, it is the triune God as a whole who is the Creator, as is suggested in Genesis 1: 26: "Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness." In John 1: 1 and Colossians 1: 16 the creatorship of the Son is expressly referenced.
2.4.2 The Second Article of Faith Back to top
I believe in Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, our Lord, who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried, entered the realm of the dead, rose again from the dead on the third day, and ascended into heaven. He is seated at the right hand of God, the Father Almighty, from where He will return. Back to top
The Second Article of Faith refers to Jesus Christ, the foundation and content of Christian faith. Each statement of this article has a direct relationship to the New Testament. The designation "Jesus Christ" is in itself already a statement of profession, namely that Jesus of Nazareth is the promised Messiah (from Hebrew: "Anointed One", Greek: "Christ") who had been awaited by Israel.
Yet Jesus is not only the Messiah, but also "the only begotten Son" of God (John 1: 14, 18). This formulation brings to expression the oneness of substance between God, the Father, and God, the Son. The Creed of Nicaea-Constantinople clarifies the meaning of the formulation "only begotten Son": the Son is "begotten of the Father before all worlds (æons), Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father". This "only begotten Son" is "our Lord". In the Old Testament, "Lord" is the designation for God. In the New Testament this term is applied to Jesus Christ in order to emphasise His divine nature. Here the term "Lord" also signifies that Jesus Christ holds dominion over heaven and earth (Philippians 2: 9-11).
The ensuing statements deal with the divine origin of the Man Jesus and His miraculous birth. Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit (Luke 1: 35, Matthew 1: 18), and thus did not come into being through natural conception by a man, since Mary was a virgin when she gave birth to Jesus (Luke 1: 27). The virgin birth is not to be regarded as a matter of secondary importance or as an ancient mythological notion, but is rather among the fundamental convictions of Christian faith. The mention of Mary in the gospels demonstrates that Jesus was true Man and that He had a mother.
The historicity of Jesus also becomes clear through the mention of "Pontius Pilate". This man was the Roman governor in Palestine in the years from AD 26-36, which means that Jesus' sufferings took place during his time of rule (John 18: 28 et seq.).
The article then goes on to mention three significant events that relate to Jesus, namely that He "was crucified, died, and was buried". This once again clearly highlights the true humanity of Jesus: He had to endure a shameful death, namely the death of the cross. He died and was buried, and thus shared in the general fate of mankind. The special thing about all of this is only brought to expression by the words: "rose again from the dead on the third day". Here we are confronted with an event that far transcends the human sphere of experience, and which can only be expressed and understood from the perspective of faith. Behind this formulation there is another confessional statement which is already mentioned in 1 Corinthians 15: 3-4: "For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and that He was buried, and that He rose again the third day according to the Scriptures." The dual reference "according to the Scriptures" demonstrates that these were not merely random events, but requirements of salvation history. Jesus Christ "rose again from the dead". His resurrection is the prerequisite for, and the promise of, the resurrection of the dead in general.
However, the Apostolicum also inserts the words "He descended into hell [the realm of the dead]" in between the phrases "buried" and "On the third day He rose again". The New Testament evidence for this statement can be found in 1 Peter 3: 19, which states that Jesus "preached to the spirits in prison" after His death on the cross.
After the profession that He "rose again from the dead", it states that Jesus Christ "ascended into heaven" (Acts 1: 9-11). The earthly life of Jesus–as well as His direct presence on earth as the Risen One–thereby came to its conclusion. The receiving of the Risen One into heaven signifies His return to the Father and His exaltation. The exalted state of Jesus Christ comes to verbal expression in the formulation: "He is seated at the right hand of God, the Father Almighty" (Colossians 3: 1).
The end of the Second Article of Faith states that the exalted Lord will return in order to take His own unto Himself (John 14: 3).
2.4.3 The Third Article of Faith Back to top
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the one, holy, universal, and apostolic church, the community of the saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the dead, and life everlasting. Back to top
The Third Article of Faith begins with a profession of belief in the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is the third person of the Godhead. The Creed of Nicaea-Constantinople again brings to expression the divine essence of the Holy Spirit and His oneness with the Father and the Son: "[We believe] in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of life, who proceedeth from the Father and the Son, who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified, who spake by the prophets." Believers thereby acknowledge the Holy Spirit and His divinity.
One of the works of the Holy Spirit is the church. The church is not something that emanates from human beings or that was created by them. Rather it is a divine institution. It is the assembly of those who are baptised, who follow Christ in their conduct of life, and who profess Jesus Christ as their Lord. The purpose of the church of Christ consists, on the one hand, of making salvation and eternal fellowship with the triune God accessible to mankind, and on the other hand, of bringing praise and worship to God.
The church of Jesus Christ has a concealed side and a revealed side. In this respect it corresponds to the dual nature of Jesus Christ, who is both true Man and true God. The concealed side of the church (see also 6.3) cannot be fathomed by human reason, but can be accessed through faith and experienced, for example in the sacraments and in the spoken word of God, that is in all the signs of divine salvation and divine nearness. The revealed side of the church is a reference to the true humanity of Jesus Christ. Like the Man Jesus, the church is part of the history of mankind, although the Man Jesus was without sin–which is not the case with the revealed side of the church. It shares in the sinfulness of humanity on account of the human beings at work within it. Thus the mistakes and deficiencies of human history are also present in the church.
The Apostolicum only makes reference to the "holy universal church". The formulation "one holy universal and apostolic church" is taken from the Creed of Nicaea-Constantinople. This formulation makes the essential criteria of the church of Christ clear: it is "one", it is "holy", it is "universal", and it is "apostolic".
The church is "one": the fact that the church of Jesus Christ is one is based upon the profession of the one God. God, the Father, is the Creator. Jesus Christ is the sole head of the church. He is the one Lord. The one Holy Spirit is at work in this church and fills the believers with the knowledge of the truth.
The church is "holy": this holiness has been conferred upon the church by God. Holy things are revealed in it–for example in the sacraments–and the Holy Spirit is at work within it.
The church is "universal" (Greek: catholic): the universality, or catholicity, of the church implies that it is all-encompassing, in other words, that it far transcends anything which can be experienced by human beings. God's universal will to save finds direct expression in the church, and thus it encompasses both that which is of this world and that which is of the world to come, both past and present. It even reaches into the future and finds its completion in the new creation.
The church is "apostolic": the apostolicity of the church has a content-related aspect and a person-related aspect. First of all, the church is apostolic because the gospel of the death, resurrection, and return of Christ–as preached by the early Apostles–is proclaimed within it. On the other hand, the church is apostolic because the apostolic ministry is historically manifest in the Apostles who work within the church in the present.
In its historical manifestation the church will never do complete justice to the requirements of oneness, holiness, universality, and apostolicity. Among other things, this is also due to the sinfulness of the human beings who are active in it. Despite these inadequacies, the church of Christ does not remain concealed or inaccessible. It can be most clearly experienced where the Apostle ministry, the dispensation of the three sacraments to the living and the dead, as well as the proper proclamation of the word are present. It is there that the Lord's work of redemption [2] to prepare the bride of Christ for the marriage in heaven is established.
Though all believers share in the holiness of the church, the narrower meaning of the "community of the saints" nevertheless has an eschatological dimension. It consists of those who will belong to the bride of Christ, and will thus only be revealed at the return of Christ. In the broader sense, however, the "community of the saints" also has a current dimension: it comprises all those who are part of the church of Christ. Ultimately, the "community of the saints" will be revealed in its full perfection in the new creation.
The opportunity for "forgiveness of sins", which has been created by the sacrifice of Christ, is also an object of profession. The fundamental liberation from the rule of sin occurs through Holy Baptism with water, in which original sin is washed away.
The Third Article of Faith ends with two eschatological hopes, namely the "resurrection of the dead, and life everlasting". The belief in the resurrection of Jesus and the resurrection of the dead–which is predicated upon it–are among the essential certainties of Christian faith. The "resurrection of the dead" refers to the fact that those who have died in Christ will receive their own glorified body, whereby they can share in God's glory (1 Corinthians 15: 42-44).
The Third Article of Faith concludes with a view to "life everlasting", that is unceasing fellowship with God in the new creation.
[2] The term "Lord's work of redemption" is generally understood to mean Jesus' act of salvation, which is already concluded. When this term is used here, it refers to that part of the church in which the Apostles are active to impart those gifts of salvation which serve for the preparation of the firstlings, the bride of Christ.
2.4.4 The Fourth Article of Faith Back to top
I believe that the Lord Jesus rules His church and thereto sent His Apostles, and until His return still sends them, with the commission to teach, to forgive sins in His name, and to baptise with water and Holy Spirit. Back to top
The Fourth Article of Faith further specifies the belief in the church already mentioned in the Third Article of Faith. This article starts off by mentioning the rule of Jesus Christ: it is He who rules His church because "He is the head of the body" (Colossians 1: 18). Among other things, this rule comes to expression in the sending of the Apostles. The great commission (Matthew 28: 19-20) shows that the proclamation of the gospel and the dispensation of the sacraments were originally bound to the apostolate. Here the apostolicity of the church, as already generally referenced in the Third Article of Faith, is taken up again and set in the concrete framework of the church in its historical manifestation.
The Apostle ministry is not historically confined to the era of the early church. It is rather to fulfil its task "until His [Jesus'] return". That which Jesus Christ effects through His Apostles–which can be experienced by every believer–is expressed in the following: "to teach, to forgive sins in His name, and to baptise with water and Holy Spirit".
The commission "to teach" also applies to the proper proclamation of the gospel of the death, resurrection, and return of the Lord.
A further task incumbent on the apostolate is to "forgive sins in His [Jesus'] name" (John 20: 23), that is to bindingly proclaim forgiveness to human beings on the basis of the sacrifice and merit of Jesus Christ.
The Fourth Article of Faith concludes with a reference to the sacraments of Holy Baptism with water and the Holy Sealing. The apostolate has


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This was published 8 years ago
Metcash feels the squeeze of deep discount
METCASH boss Andrew Reitzer has a reputation for being a shrewd and tough operator in the supermarket business but his announcement yesterday of $133 million of unexpected abnormal charges to the company's profit was a major test of credibility.
The biggest eyebrow raiser was a $75 million to $90 million impairment charge against investment in, and loans to, a couple of its joint-venture supermarket groups in Queensland that were experiencing trouble and were now in ''work out'' mode.
The issue is that there had been no hint to the market that these two supermarket groups, Cornetts and Walters, were in such dire trouble.
This in turn raised the question of whether Metcash was sufficiently across the predicament of its joint-venture partners. If it was, why had it not conveyed this to the market before?
Reitzer said Metcash was aware of the woes of Cornetts and Walters and had been trying to work with both to sort out their problems.
The Australian Securities and Investments Commission has been demonstrating a tough stance on the timing of market disclosure of ticking bombs. Investors looks very unfavourably on earnings surprises and Metcash is no exception.
But in the end price deflation, rapid expansion and natural disasters had placed too much pressure on the Queensland businesses, which are now having to be restructured. Eight will be closed, 22 will be sold to other IGA retailers and 26 retained.
Metcash admits it does not have management control of its joint-venture retail partners and when mistakes are made - aggressive expansion or, in one case, poor succession planning issues - it is not in a position to control strategy.
This poses the question of whether other Metcash joint-venture partners could be vulnerable.
Reitzer insisted that the others were travelling well, but the spectre of a repeat performance weighs heavily with investors.
The market response was to mark Metcash shares down by more than 4 per cent.
The other message that came from yesterday's strategy announcement was that Metcash had embarked on a series of cost-cutting initiatives, including the closure of 15 regional Cash & Carry branches, which service myriad regional convenience stores, and the removal of 8.5 per cent of the group's workforce, or 478 positions.
Taking these costs out of the organisation is a positive element (from a commercial perspective) but it reveals one of the tragic consequences of the ferocious supermarket war between the two majors, Coles and Woolworths.
The corner shop convenience stores are under severe pressure because consumers are abandoning higher-priced small shops, which cannot match the discounted prices offered on such basics as bread and milk, in favour of supermarkets.
This at least explains why both the major chains, and Metcash, are building or holding market share.
But the discounting (which in retail parlance is called price deflation) is playing havoc with everyone's margins.
Metcash said price deflation was running at almost 1 per cent on dry groceries but at 17 to 27 per cent on fresh food.
The price cutting on fresh food is generally the result of oversupply from growers that have had a particularly good year - especially when compared with last season.
But on dry goods the price deflation is a direct response to the savage price cutting war between the two chains that dominate this market.
Metcash is not in a position to muscle suppliers in the same way as Woolworths and Coles but Reitzer says grocery manufacturers offer Metcash the same wholesale prices in order to keep a third viable player in the market.
Last year Reitzer predicted that price deflation would ease, but now he has changed his tune. About half the goods sold are on promotion - that is, discounted. The newly conditioned consumer is looking for bargains and is disinclined to buy ''retail''.
Despite the headwinds of price deflation, margin pressure and the abandonment by customers of non-bannered retail stores (which use Metcash for wholesale supply) the company insists its previous profit guidance stands.
But there remains some scepticism that underlying profit projections will hold.
The upfront and costly restructuring (store closures and sackings) will result in $25 million to $30 million improvement in operation income in the 2013 financial year and a further $10 million to $15 million the following year.
The acquisition of Franklins remains a work in progress. But the sale of the retail supermarkets is running a little behind previous guidance - with 15 of these stores to be exited or sold outside the IGA network. Previously six to 10 had been earmarked for this fate.
Reitzer insists he can meet previous guidance because the strategy is sound. But retail supermarket conditions are clearly challenged and Metcash, to some extent, is at the mercy of how its retail customers manage this difficult market.
Elizabeth Knight comments on companies, markets and the economy.

subset: commoncrawl


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class Insecta
Phastia rubra Thiaucourt 1987.
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Phastia alcimede Druce 1890
Phastia basalis Walker 1862
Phastia duronia Druce 1898
Phastia licasia Schaus 1939
Phastia maricolor Kaye 1922
Phastia ochreata Schaus 1906
Phastia umbrata Schaus 1906


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'Ain't no basic batch': Kraft Dinner launching pumpkin spice mac and cheese
Kraft has announced that it's going to start selling a pumpkin spice version of its Kraft Dinner macaroni and cheese. (Courtesy CNW Group/Kraft Heinz Canada)
TORONTO -- In an announcement on the first day of fall, Kraft Heinz Canada says it is adding the flavour of a popular seasonal spice mix to one of its iconic comfort foods.
The company said Tuesday that it will be launching Pumpkin Spice Kraft Dinner (PSKD) in October, to "please KD lovers and the cult following of pumpkin spice latte aficionados."
While Kraft Heinz Canada is just the latest company to jump on the pumpkin spice bandwagon, it said its unusual new product "ain't no basic batch."
"While Pumpkin Spice KD may be trolling the classic 'PSL', this spicy cheesy treat is very real and will come in a signature white cup with cinnamon spice topping," Kraft said in a press release.
According to the company, Pumpkin Spice KD is made with classic KD cheese powder in addition to seasonal fall flavours such as cinnamon, nutmeg, allspice and ginger. The company suggests Canadians pair the new product with "a cozy scarf, flannel shirt, fresh manicure and a pumpkin patch."
Only 1,000 people will get their hands on the new product and Kraft says Canadians have already started signing up for the online waitlist to be notified when Pumpkin Spice KD drops.
The press release says those who get the drop will receive a box of Kraft Dinner, a Pumpkin Spice Boost Pack, a fork, and a "signature white coffee style cup with your name written on it (spelled wrong of course)."
"KD has always been known for its one of a kind cheesy taste and after years of watching Canadians get excited for pumpkin spice season, we felt that it was time to combine the two iconic flavours and create Pumpkin Spice KD," Kraft Heinz Canada senior brand manager Brian Neumann said in the release.
While fall has just begun, Google says Canadians began embracing the season and its flavours weeks ago.
According to a release from Google, search trends for Starbucks' iconic Pumpkin Spice Latte spiked in late August in Canada with Canadians even out-searching the drink compared with people in the U.S.
"Canadians have always made KD their own way and not many people would expect KD to be part of the PSL conversation, but that's the whole point," Neumann said. "Only 1,000 will be made. So, move over lattes and muffins, PSKD is the must try new flavour this fall."


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How to Write a Paper About Your Beliefs
Writing a paper about your beliefs, as part of a creative or essay writing course, requires knowing your thoughts and organizing them. Usually assigned as a personal essay, this topic is also used in social studies, philosophy and psychology classes. Personal essays about beliefs share the same essay structure as essays on other topics, and following an outline can keep you on point throughout the writing process.
Develop a Thesis Statement
The thesis statement should encompass your overall life's philosophy as well as at least three major points that support that belief system. Your thesis statement guides your writing and is included as the final sentence of your introductory paragraph. Begin developing your thesis statement by making a list of words that describe your personal belief system. From that list choose three to five words that best encompass your entire philosophy and work those words into one or two sentences that explain your beliefs. Keep the ideas in the thesis as broad as possible to allow for specific examples and explanations throughout your paper.
Organize Your Thoughts
Once you have a thesis statement that gives an overall view of your personal beliefs, it is time to organize your thoughts into an outline. Your outline should have five main headings that talk about your belief system as it relates to things like faith, family, relationships, community and worldview. Each main heading needs three to five subheadings that provide examples of how your belief system informs each area of your life. Organize your headings as follows: introduction, three to five body paragraphs and a conclusion. The introductory paragraph introduces your topic and contains your thesis statement. The body paragraphs explain the points of your thesis, and the conclusion summarizes your paper and leaves the reader with some final thoughts about your belief system.
Introduce Your Topic
Use your introduction to let your reader know some background information about how your belief system has developed and how you plan to explain your beliefs throughout your paper. Your introduction should be conversational in order to draw the reader in and make her sympathetic to what you have to say. Remember that the goal of a personal essay about beliefs is to inform the reader and inspire empathy, not to persuade.
Build the Body
The body of your paper should be three to five paragraphs in length depending on your thesis statement. Each paragraph should cover one aspect of your belief system -- faith, family, relationships and worldview -- as outlined in your thesis and should contain three to five well-crafted sentences giving examples of how your belief system impacts each area of your life. For example, you might talk about how your belief system affects your daily and weekly schedule as far as church attendance, prayer times, meditation, yoga practice or other rituals you do that enhance or reflect your beliefs. Give the history of and reasons for these practices and how they coincide with your worldview.
Final Thoughts
Your final paragraph should summarize what you have written and include any information that further illustrates your personal belief system. Use quotes from people that personify your worldview or examples of behaviors from others that you admire. Your conclusion should leave your reader with a firm grasp of who you are and what you believe in three to five sentences.
Photo Credits
- Jupiterimages/Goodshoot/Getty Images


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Welcome to
The Windsor Park Hotel in Blackpool is in a quieter part of Blackpool promenade overlooking the cliff walks and the Irish Sea.
If you are looking for a bed and breakfast where you will get a good night's rest, spotless cleanliness and a wide breakfast menu, please book by calling 01253 357025 or book on-line by clicking on the link above.
Blackpool offers seven miles of golden beaches, lovely promenade walks, beautiful parks, golf courses and gardens which are all easily reached from the Windsor Park.
Guests staying at the Windsor Park hotel in Blackpool can enjoy a thirty minute walk along the cliff top promenade to Blackpool town centre or take the tram or bus from the stops just outside our small and popular hotel.
Blackpool town centre has a good variety of shops and restaurants, the Blackpool Tower, the Winter Gardens and other attractions. The tram or bus will also take guests conveniently to the three piers and the Blackpool Pleasure Beach with its iconic rides.
Windsor Park guests can also easily reach the theatres which are all situated close to the promenade in the Blackpool town centre. The Opera House, situated within the Blackpool Winter Gardens, hosts a variety of shows and tours and the famous Blackpool Grand Theatre boasts a wide variety of entertainment including comedy shows, plays, musicals through to Opera and Ballet. These are supplemented by shows at various other venues all in Blackpool town centre and close to the promenade. Guests of all ages will find plenty of entertainment in Blackpool.
After a good night's sleep in one of our comfortable bedrooms, our guests can enjoy the breakfast of their choice from a wide menu which provides options that will be appreciated by guests with small, ordinary or hearty appetites.
Our Eggs Benedict is certainly something to be tried or perhaps smoked salmon with scrambled egg. Breakfast is enjoyed in the hotel dining room from 8:30 with the opportunity to enjoy leisurely coffee or tea in the sun lounge.
Our small and welcoming Blackpool hotel provides a range of bedrooms which all feature comfortable beds, en-suite toilet and shower rooms with complimentary toiletries. All bed linen, towels and pillows provided are of good quality.
Hotel guests are welcomed with complimentary tea, coffee, biscuits and bottled water and the tea and coffee box. A flat screen freeview television, hairdryer and adequate clothes storage space is also provided.
Free parking is provided on our forecourt and on a very close side road.
Wi-Fi is available at no cost.
Our quiet location and welcoming atmosphere will make a stay at the Windsor Park a very enjoyable one.
Contact us on 01253 357025 or 07581002399 or click on Tariff above for availability and prices.


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Committee Events
This page has been archived on the Web
Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It has not been altered or updated since it was archived.
One of the roles of the NAFTA 2022 Committee (the Committee) is education. It is an ongoing process for business representatives, lawyers and judges to learn about the advantages of arbitration and mediation and to become comfortable with these mechanisms. Many contracts are done in form basis and they do not necessarily address ADR or anticipate problems that may arise specifically as a result of the international nature of the transactions. Likewise, many contracts are negotiated by businesses themselves; and many small and medium-sized businesses, as well as in-house lawyers, may not be familiar with ADR mechanisms, or may only be familiar with ADR in the domestic (rather than international) context. As such, education constitutes an important part of the Committee outreach efforts.
Annual Committee Meeting Outreach Events
The Committee has undertaken a number of outreach activities in conjunction with its regularly-scheduled meetings.
Outreach sessions have occurred at the following Annual meetings:
- Mexico City (June 1999)
- Calgary (June 2000)
- Denver (January 2002)
- Oaxaca (September 2003)
- Santa Fe (September 2004)
- Ottawa (October 2005)
- Morelia (June 2006)
- San Juan, Puerto Rico (March 2007)
- Vancouver, BC (March 2008)
- Queretaro (September 2009)
- Houston (June 2010)
- Puebla (October 2012)
- Los Angeles (September 2013)
- St John's (October 2014)
- Mexico City (August 2015)
- Washington DC (August 2016)
- Montreal (June 2017)
- Mexico City (June 2018)
Additional Outreach Activities
In recent years, the Committee has been working with the National Law Center for Inter-American Free Trade (NatLaw) to provide additional opportunities for businesses (and their lawyers) to learn more about how they can benefit from the use of ADR in their operations. As part of these efforts, the Committee and NatLaw have coordinated panel presentations on ADR in various locations and for various participants. In these presentations, government and private sector representatives from all three NAFTA countries have addressed the importance and benefits of resorting to alternative dispute resolution mechanisms.
- June, Mexico City, Mexico – "Arbitration, Mediation and Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) for the MSMEs". Organized by the National Institute for Entrepreneurship (Instituto Nacional del Emprendedor)
- June, Montreal, QC, Canada – "Online Dispute Resolution and Cyberjustice". Organized by the Cyberjustice Laboratory and the 2022 Committee
- August, Washington, DC, US – "International Council for Commercial Arbitration Judicial Training". Organized by NatLaw and the 2022 Committee
- August, Mexico City, MX – "Experiences on Enforcement of Judgments and Awards in the NAFTA region & the energy reform in Mexico and arbitration" Panel. Organized by the 2022 Committee in collaboration with the ANADE (National Association for Corporate Lawyers)
- June, Tucson, AZ, US – "Best Practices in International Arbitration" Panel at the AZ State Bar Convention. Organized by NatLaw, the 2022 Committee and the State Bar of Arizona, Arbitration Section
- June, Tucson, AZ, US – "Making ADR Accessible to All" Presentation to business community. Organized by NatLaw and the 2022 Committee
- September, Los Angeles, CA, US – Panel on Entertainment and Media Industries and their Uses of ADR. Organized by the 2022 Committee and Southwestern Law School
- September, Los Angeles, CA, US – Overview on Arbitration and Mediation in the NAFTA Countries: Legal, Judicial and Practical Considerations. Organized by NatLaw, the 2022 Committee and Southwestern Law School
- September, Mexico City, Mexico – Symposium on Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms at the Federal Judicial Institute. Organized by NatLaw, the 2022 Committee, the Federal Judicial Institute and the Barra Mexicana de Abogados
- October, Puebla, Mexico – Round Table on the use of ADR mechanisms in the NAFTA Region. Organized by NatLaw and the 2022 Committee
- October, Puebla, Mexico – Presentation by Local Representatives on the development of ADR in Puebla. Organized by the 2022 Committee and the Mediation Center of the State of Puebla
- May, Mexico City, Mexico – Conference on Mediation and Arbitration in Mexico and the Judiciary. Organized by NatLaw and the 2022 Committee
- May, Mexico City, Mexico – ADR Working Session on various commercial matters. Organized by NatLaw, the Federal Judicial Institute and the CAJ
- May, Mexico City, Mexico – ADR Program and Panel Presentations on commercial law reform in Mexico and the development of model contracts. Organized by NatLaw and the 2022 Committee
- June, Houston, TX, US – Outreach session for the judiciary on international and domestic ADR in the NAFTA region. Organized by NatLaw and the 2022 Committee
- June, Houston, TX, US – Outreach sessions for lawyers, businesspersons, and members of the academic community on ADR in the NAFTA region. Organized by NatLaw, the 2022 Committee and the South Texas College of Law
- August, Mexico City, Mexico – ADR Outreach Panel for members of the judiciary on ADR mechanisms in Mexico. Organized by NatLaw
- September, Querétaro, Mexico – Committee Presentations at the Annual Training Conference on ADR in Mexico and Canada. Organized by the 2022 Committee and Mexico's National Association of Corporate Lawyers (ANADE)
- November, Mexico – Outreach to the judiciary - first certification program to certify mediators. Organized by NatLaw, Mexican Instituto de Estudios Judiciales del Tribunal Superior de Justicia del D.F. (Institute for Judicial Studies of the Superior Court of Justice of the Federal District – the Institute) and the Center for Alternative Justice (CAJ - also within the Superior Court of Justice)
- March, Vancouver, BC, Canada – Outreach session on challenges in the mining/extractive industry. Organized by the 2022 Committee
- April, Honduras – Meeting to establish a potential program on sectorial alternative dispute resolution in Honduras. Organized by NatLaw, the Tegucigalpa Chamber of Commerce (Cámara de Comercio e Industria de Tegucigalpa – CCIT) and the Cortés Chamber of Commerce (Cámara de Comercio e Industrias de Cortés)
- October, Arizona, US – Committee Presentation at an international trade forum "Government's and Non-Governmental Organization's Efforts to Develop International Trade Opportunities in Arizona". Organized by the State Bar of Arizona International Law Section
- Guadalajara, Mexico – Presentation by the Committee. Organized by the North American World Trade Centers
- March, Puerto Rico, US – Committee Presentation on dispute resolution in the NAFTA region. Organized by the University of Puerto Rico
- June, Phoenix, AZ, US – Panel Presentation on various ADR topics. Organized by NatLaw and the Arizona State Bar
- Reno, NV, US – Discussions with the National Judicial College (NJC) about collaboration for cross-border ADR outreach/education/training for judges. Organized by NatLaw
- May, Tucson, AZ, US – ADR Presentation to address US-Mexico cross-border legal issues and other topics. Organized by NatLaw
- June, Scottsdale, AZ, US – ADR Panel Discussion to address CAFTA developments. Organized by the International Law Section of the Arizona Bar Association in Scottsdale, Arizona
- Guadalajara, Mexico – NLCIFT Presentation on ADR, the Committee, and the 2022 website. Organized by the Autonomous University of Guadalajara
- October, Mexico City, Mexico – ADR Presentation, "Current Legal Developments in U.S.-Mexico Trade and Investment". Organized by the Texas-Mexico Bar Association and the University of Texas School of Law
- November, Mexico City, Mexico – ADR Panel Presentation to address questions about arbitration. Organized by NatLaw in collaboration with the 2022 Committee, as well as with the World Trade Center (WTC)
- Monterrey, Mexico – ADR Presentation in Conjunction with International forum "Let's Make NAFTA Competitive". Organized by the Border Trade Alliance (BTA) to discuss various aspects of trade relations in the NAFTA countries
- Calgary, AB, Canada – ADR Presentation, Outreach Program to address trade and customs issues. Organized by the Canadian Association of Importers and Exporters (IE Canada)
- Vancouver, BC, Canada – ADR Presentation, Outreach Program to address trade and customs issues. Organized by the Canadian Association of Importers and Exporters (IE Canada)
- March, Washington, DC, US – ADR Panel at Meeting on capital formation and capacity building in Central America as part of the CAFTA negotiations. Sponsored by U.S. Department of Commerce, NatLaw, INCAE (Instituto Centroamericano de Administración de Empresas in Costa Rica) and the North-South Center at the University of Miami.
- March and April, Charlotte, NC, US – Panel on the use of ADR and the insertion of an ADR clause in the context of the new NAFTA bill of lading and ADR implications for the transportation industry. Sponsored by Belmont Abbey College, Expide Logistics, in collaboration with the NatLaw and the Council of Logistics Management's Charlotte Roundtable
- September, Washington, DC, US – ADR Panel as part of the Small & Medium Enterprise (SME) Congress of the Americas Meeting. Organized by the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), as a sub-program within its National Entrepreneurial Conference & Expo
- Date Modified:


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Grand jury probes PG&E's relationship with state regulators
A federal grand jury is probing potentially illegal ties between Pacific Gas and Electric Co. executives and regulators with the California Public Utilities Commission, The Chronicle has learned.
The investigation is looking into "PG&E's relationship" with state regulatory officials, according to a May 15 letter to the utility from federal prosecutors.
The probe is separate from the federal court case charging PG&E with violating pipeline safety laws and obstructing justice in connection with the 2010 pipeline explosion in San Bruno that killed eight people. Prosecutors in that case are seeking more than $1 billion in fines from the company, but have not charged individual executives.
The latest grand jury investigation was opened after last year's disclosure of e-mails between PG&E and the state utilities commission, which prompted probes by both state and federal prosecutors. Some of the e-mails showed a PG&E executive lobbying commissioners and their staffs for a preferred judge to oversee a $1.3 billion rate case. Others indicated that PG&E thought then-commission President Michael Peevey was dangling favorable state treatment in exchange for the utility's backing for his pet fundraising and political causes.
In the letter disclosing the grand jury investigation, Assistant U.S. Attorneys Kim Berger and Hallie Hoffman told PG&E's lawyers that they plan to use some of the evidence from the probe in the prosecution of the San Bruno case against the company. They did not specify what that might be.
The letter came in response to a PG&E request that federal prosecutors turn over San Bruno-related evidence and notes gathered by state regulators with the utilities commission.
Officials with the U.S. attorney's office in San Francisco declined to comment on the letter, and representatives of the utilities commission did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
A PG&E spokesman, Greg Snapper, said in a statement: "We've publicly reported that state and federal attorneys have begun investigations in connection with these communications. We're going to keep cooperating with officials as the process moves forward."
The state attorney general's office opened its own investigation last fall. It has not filed criminal charges.
As part of the probe, state agents served search warrants on the commission's San Francisco headquarters, at Peevey's home in Southern California and at the Orinda home of a former PG&E vice president, Brian Cherry. It was Cherry who sent many of the PG&E e-mails that prompted the state and federal probes.
One focus of the state investigation is an apparently secret deal that Peevey outlined in 2013 to an executive of the utility he used to head, Southern California Edison, regarding costs related to the shutdown of the troubled San Onofre nuclear power plant.
Notes that investigators seized from Peevey's home showed that the deal included provisions for directing utility money into research to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
When the final deal had no such funding, Peevey pressured Edison to put up money, according to a sworn statement by one company executive. Peevey separately indicated to officials at UCLA that they could be in line for a greenhouse-gas funding windfall, e-mails between them show.
When the utility apparently did not budge, Commissioner Mike Florio — who joined Peevey during meetings with Edison — proposed in late 2014 that the commission set aside greenhouse research money from San Onofre for the University of California system. The same month Florio proposed that funding, Peevey landed a seat on an advisory panel at UCLA's Luskin Center for Innovation.
Additional e-mails involving back-channel communications between utilities and the state commission continue to trickle out. The most recent came Thursday, when PG&E released an e-mail that Cherry sent in March 2014 to PG&E colleagues recounting a conversation he had with Florio involving a regulatory matter.
Cherry said he had asked Florio whether PG&E should seek to have an administrative law judge, Steve Roscow, recused from a case, which records show concerned PG&E's efforts to obtain customer money to conduct seismic studies at the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant. Florio was the commission member assigned to oversee the matter.
"I spoke with Florio about Roscow," Cherry wrote. "Mike believes there is no need to bump Steve if he is the assigned commissioner. He understands Steve's bias."
Florio figured in another instance of apparent PG&E judge-shopping, telling Cherry in a January 2014 e-mail that he would "do what I can on this end" to "bump" a judge PG&E didn't want on the $1.3 billion rate-setting case. Florio, an attorney for a utility customer-advocate group before Gov. Jerry Brown appointed him to the commission in 2011, later explained that he "didn't know the rules" against back-channel communications between regulators and utilities and that he had "screwed up."
Florio did not respond to a phone call seeking comment Thursday about the latest e-mail.
Jaxon Van Derbeken is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com .


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Seeing Double: Ann Taylor Petite Floral Front Shell vs. Target Merona® Collection Women's Rosanna Top
Target has a pretty good duplicate of Ann Taylor's popular Petal Floral Front Shell (re-released this year in the Ann Taylor Factory Store). The Target version is on sale for $13.98. Is this design just not that original or is Target trying to piggyback on the success of Ann Taylor designs?View Post


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My kids can't get enough of these breakfast cups! I like to have a stash in the freezer for rushed mornings or when the kids want a hot breakfast. I pop them in the microwave for one minute and they can eat on the go. I keep these really simple by only adding ham and egg, but feel free to add what you like. A few things that cook well in them are cheese, capsicum, onion and shallots.
Easy Breakfast Cups
Yield 12
- 12 slices of ham
- 12 eggs
- Spray oil
- Salt & pepper
- Spray muffin tray with oil and preheat oven to 18o°c.
- Line each muffin tray with ham and crack an egg in each.
- Add salt and pepper and cook for 15 minutes.
Courses Breakfast


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Paris Attacks -- Victim's Family Sues Social Media Giants ... You Let Terrorism Spread
Paris Attacks Victim's Family Sues Social Media Giants You Let Terrorism Spread
Twitter, Google and Facebook are responsible for the Paris attacks because they let ISIS spread extremist propaganda and recruit on their social networks ... so says a victim's father in a new suit.
According to legal docs obtained by TMZ, Reynaldo Gonzalez is suing the social media giants for enabling ISIS to explode into the most feared terrorist group in the world.
Reynaldo's daughter, Nohemi, was one of the 130 victims killed in coordinated attacks last November fueled by ISIS' ability to easily create and maintain accounts ... including on YouTube (owned by Google).
The family claims the social networks were negligent by allowing ISIS to post beheading videos. What's more ... the suit claims the tech giants raked in profits from ad placements in ISIS postings.
Reynaldo -- whose daughter was the lone American killed in the attacks -- says the social sites failed to take action despite outcry from the U.S. government.
The family is suing for unspecified damages.
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View Affiliations Hide Affiliations
- The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
- Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 59, Issue 6, 1 Dec 1998, p. 860 - 863
f Serum procalcitonin levels in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Levels of procalcitonin (ProCT) have been found to be elevated in individuals with severe bacterial infections such as sepsis and peritonitis, and this correlates well with the severity of the disease. Recently, increased levels have been described in melioidosis and Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In this study ProCT levels were measured in 27 Thai patients with complicated malaria before and during/after treatment with artesunate and mefloquine. Initial parasite counts averaged 290,680/microl (range = 533-1,147,040). On admission, ProCT levels were elevated in all but one patient (median = 40 ng/ml, range = 0.04-662, normal values < 0.5 ng/ml). With treatment, levels decreased to 1.3 ng/ml (range = 0.01-6.5). Nitrite/nitrate levels in patients were higher than in controls throughout the study. The ProCT levels correlated with initial parasite density (P < 0.05), which is a marker of disease severity, and with nitrite/nitrate levels (P < 0.05). Based on the changes of ProCT levels over the course of the disease a possible role in the acute-phase reaction seems likely.


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Some Kickstarter projects are doomed to fail from the beginning, and it was no different for the ridiculous Metal Gear Solid PS4 remake on Kickstarter
The original creator of the game, Hideo Kojima, said at the Taipei Game Show that he'd like to see a remake of the game but that it was hard to find volunteers for the task.
A user named Tom took it upon himself to fulfil this dream and created a Kickstarter project for the game
Metal Gear Solid is one of the best experiences on PSX. With the Fox Engine and next gen graphics, we will relive all of the best moments. For those of you who have not played it yet; Now is your chance to see what all the fuss is about!
Not just updated graphics, this will be a whole new level of cinematic depth only the fox engine can handle!
We won't keep you waiting! This is a long awaited project that we can't wait to start!
Thanks, you're pretty good!
But even Tom had to face his fail with this ridiculous attempt and the funding has now been cancelled – with absolute zero pledges. Nothing. Not a single cent was pledged.
Thanks to DualSHOCKERS for providing us with this information


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Alright, so I think I've finally come up with a valid post to fly under the flag of the "Is it a series?" series of Virtual Writing Seminar posts.
This was going to be a part of "my writing process," until I realized it isn't a part of my writing process. It's a part of my planning process, and the reason I plan in this way is because I want my stories (chiefly in the Black Womb series) to function as a continuing story as well as individual novels. So today, we're going to be talking about the process of crafting good endings, continuing narratives, and cliffhangers for your stories. 😉
And the illusion wouldn't be complete unless the blog post itself was also a multiple-parter. So it is. 😉
I've always been of the mind that stories should be somewhat self contained. If someone planks down 10-30 dollars for your story, it had damn well better be a complete story. If for some reason your story must continue beyond the confines on the novel, make sure you end with a cliffhanger. A good cliffhanger. One that actually makes the readers's jaw drop.
I know this sounds obvious. But if it were really obvious I wouldn't read so many continuing series novels where this rule is butchered, beaten, or otherwise ignored.
But if you honestly believe the cliffhanger is the best choice on how to end your story (against my advice) lets do it right.
The first way is to simply end at the climax. See below:
Point 3 here would be the climax. So up to this point you've introduced yours characters, their various individual and sub plots, established the conflict, and built that conflict up to the point where your characters and the situation are at their climax. Now, stop.
You can see why that's not popular with me.
But if you're set at doing it, make sure in the sequel you also introduce your characters, their situations, their plots (they should have things to do in the continuing narrative as well). The trick here is to resolve the climax from the previous novel in such a way that either the threat is amplified or a greater threat is introduced. Otherwise there's nowhere to go. Then you need to bring this new threat to climax and resolution… Unless you're cliff-hanging this one too.
I must advise not to do this in continuous succession. Readers will grow tired of it quickly, I know this reader does. And the longer you make me wait, the bigger and better you're going to have to make the final payoff.
The only really good examples I can think of for these are the old Marvel novels from the late 90s. Greg Cox wrote the ones I'm thinking of, I believe. One example was Time's Arrow: The Past, which ends with the heroes saving all of time… But with Spider-Man and Bishop trapped in 1892 in the process. Then the following novel features a completely different story with them escaping to an alternate world and having to get home. The two stories have vastly different plots, tones, and narratives, yet they complimented each other perfectly.
The other example, also by Cox, was in the second novel of his Gamma Quest trilogy. The whole novel the heroes (mainly Iron Man, if I recall) were battling a cadre of intelligent robots, and at the climax finally defeated them… Only to discover that they were "walking, talking, gamma bombs!" and that defeating them had activated them!
Great example of how to use cliffhangers right. However, these were trilogies, each with their own other cliffhangers. I remember those being not so great, and in each series the formulae had bored me by the third book… So beware….
To be continued!
Never Look Back
Matthew LeDrew


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What our diners our saying
The portions were generous & everything came out in well-timed manner
Basically this is probably the best dining you're going to get in South Lake Tahoe. I ordered the charred steak (well done) w/ ravioli and veggies and a chicken Caesar salad and garlic bread for an appetizer. The portions were generous. Everything came out in well-timed manner. The steak was juicy and crisp. The entire meal was DELICIOUS! even the chicken added was freshly grilled and still sizzling on my salad. The atmosphere is great, not the Best place for kids but hey, where is. Looking forward to dining here on my next Tahoe trip. Will be recommending this place. 7/29/2016 yelp!
We were out-of-towners, looking for a place to eat dinner. It's always difficult to know which restaurants will be good & which will be not so good. Well, Izabella is one of the great ones.
First, let me comment on the service! It was – in one word – EXCELLENT! Glorianne (hope it's spelled correctly) was friendly, able to make recommendations and made us feel like locals. Alex, a helper, was attentive and very mannerly!
Next, let's talk food. We started with the Bruschetta – the tomato and basil topping was mixed with a perfect amount of garlic. The bread was lightly charred, which added a nice smoky flavor and crunchiness to the bread. The balsamic glaze lightly drizzled over it added the perfect amount of tanginess to the appetizer. If we had been alone, my husband would have licked the plate.
For the main course, we thoroughly enjoyed eating the Lasagna and Bucatini Puttanesca entrees. The lasagna was literally the most delicious blend of meat, ricotta, mozzarella & tomato sauce. And the Puttanesca, well, let's just say it put all other Puttanesca dishes to shame.
Finally, dessert. The Espresso Mud Pie was a perfect way to finish the meal.
Thank you for a delightful meal and dining experience. Next time we're in So. Lake Tahoe, it will be our first choice for dinner! 8/24/2016 yelp!
Kid-friendly Italian Restaurant at Stateline near Heavenly Gondola
Our family just went to Tahoe during Labor day. This place is very kids friendly. My son ordered the kid's ravioli. Manu said have 3 but turn out is adult side of 6. My daughter ordered the meatball pasta also huge which I believe is adult size. Great value. The Marinara sauce come with the garlic bread is one of the best Marinara sauce I ever tasted. Wine selection also great. I am very happy for the wine our waitress recommended. Service is excellent! Definitely will come again when we are visiting Tahoe! 9/11/2016 yelp!
Probably the best Italian food I have ever eaten
You must try this awesome place. Great selections and great prices. Our waitress has been there for 5 years and was so pleasant and helpful in our selections. 8/6/2016 yelp!
An all around awesome experience
The appetizers were out of this world!!….. and it just kept getting better…and better!!… The Salmon!! 9/11/2016 yelp!
Our last dinner in Tahoe on our Christmas vacation, we could not have ended on a higher note
My husband had the chicken piccata and I had the salmon special in beurre blanc sauce with risotto. Outstanding! Super fast and attentive service. One of the best salmon dishes I think I've ever had. Can't wait to go again… 12/28/2018 yelp!
And definitely get risotto
We just walked past this the week of Christmas 2018, with snow on the ground, and decided to try it. Best choice ever. Eric, our waiter, was PHENOMENAL. Get whatever he recommends. The mushroom ravioli app is to die for, the house risotto I would fight someone over, spaghetti marinara is some of the best I've had, the New York Strip was a great quality protein cooked beautifully medium rare, the special, Salmon Oreganato, was a gorgeous piece of fish crusted with herbs and sauced in beurre blanc, and we had NO room for dessert. Oh, their wine recommendations are on point too. Just….eat here. And definitely get risotto. 12/22/2018 yelp!
Stellar food and wine menu
We had absolutely one of THE best dining experiences EVER at this establishment! Our waiter Erick was a delight and the chef even came out to greet our table! Do not hesitate to go to this place for their stellar food and wine menu!!! 12/09/2018 yelp!
Congratulations, South Lake Tahoe, you just got another gem of a restaurant
So, we were looking for someplace to eat and we are picky about Italian food. Who am I kidding? We are picky about all food! So we ordered the Salmon, the Chicken Marsala and the Chicken Parmigiana. It was PERFECT! The service was amazing (thank you Eric…you are awesome). They are only a few weeks old but they their food down. Congratulations, South Lake Tahoe, you just got another gem of a restaurant. 8/6/2016 yelp!
What a great place, food is awesome, service is A+
Dorianee I hope I remembered your name right love, you were amazing. Thank you for a wonderful night. Come see us anytime, best wishes David & Elena, San Francisco 8/22/2016 yelp!
We decided to try this place out, because of the good reviews that it was receiving
The hostesses were charming, friendly and quick to seat us, without a reservation. My wife ordered the chicken marsala. I ordered the chicken piccata. Before the dinner arrived, we were given freshly baked bread, olive and balsamic vinegar. Both dishes were delicious, with the chicken perfectly cooked, a side of fresh vegetables and a perfect amount (a lot) of sauce. So much sauce, that we actually got more bread with our dinner, so we could use the bread to soak it up and clean the plates. 12/11/2018 yelp!
We loved Izabella!
One of the best Italian meals we have ever had
My wife and I went in here because they shared a parking lot with the Holiday Inn Express, and we were too lazy to walk any further. We're very glad we went in. We loved it so much, we returned the following evening.
It's an upscale Italian restaurant that welcomes the casually-dressed South Lake Tahoe crowd. The hostess and the entire wait-staff were first-class. The food and the presentation were fantastic. The background music was just the right volume so it created a great ambiance, but was not too loud. And even the padded booth seats were comfortable.
Between the two nights we had the lasagna bolognese, the eggplant Parmesan, the chicken saltimbocca, and chicken piccata.
We agree with the previous poster, Roberta B This was one of the best Italian meals we have ever had.
Izabella will be a great addition to the South Lake Tahoe strip. We will definitely return the next time we're in South Lake Tahoe. We also highly recommend this new restaurant to everyone. 6/18/2016 yelp!
Very nice date night restaurant or family dinner
Service, quality and cleanliness of restaurant all attribute to my 5 star rating. Very nice date night restaurant or family dinner. My daughter and I were craving pasta and this place did not disappoint. When we arrived I asked if service would be long as we had an 8:00pm show, we were seated, served and out the door by 7:20 (we arrived at 6:30pm). The garlic bread was delish! We are picky eaters but really enjoyed spaghetti and meatballs, and the lasagne. Next visit to Tahoe and we will be headed there again. 7/01/2018 yelp!
Had a fantastic dinner here few nights ago
The caesar salad was delicious, garlic wine sauce in clam linguine was to die for, and the raspberry creme brulee was really good.
The service was great too: our waiter was very prompt and courteous, and the food came out very quickly.
Can't wait to come back and try more dishes! 12/03/2018 yelp!
Great food and service
The server was specific with the details of the items and explained them all well. The appetizers were excellent and they arrived promptly after ordering. The server suggested a wine to go with our varied meal selections and it was an excellent choice. We were there Christmas Eve and enjoyed ourselves immensely. 12/27/2018 yelp!
Large portions and sumptuous desserts
Great place for a special family dinner. Wonderful hostess and waitress. Food and service was excellent. Large portions and sumptuous desserts. 11/21/2018 yelp!
Food was amazing
Wow!!! Came to Lake Tahoe for my birthday and wanted a good Italian restaurant and found this place on yelp! 🙂 Saw it had very good reviews so we decided to give it a try. It was sooooo good. Food was amazing. Waiter was very nice. Highly recommend. If we ever come back, we will definitely make a stop here. 12/16/2018 yelp!


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National Festival 2019 will be held from 16-22 August
Eritrean Festival 2019 will be held from 16 to 22 August at the Expo Grounds in Asmara under the theme "Resilience for Higher Progress".
Mr. Zemede Tekle, Commissioner of Culture and Sports stated that all regions have finalized their preparation to participate in the national festival by displaying their resources and cultural diversity.
Indicating that the national festival is expected to reflect the unity and diversity of the Eritrean people, Ambassador Zemede said that the festival will feature traditional villages depicting the cultures and traditions of the various ethnic groups in the country, cultural and music performance and competition, innovation and talent show, photo, paintings and sculptures exhibition, folklores, display of products by various institutions, children's educational and entertaining programs, books display among others.
Ambassador Zemede went on to say that necessary mechanism will be put in place so that the social service provision institutions provide visitors of the festival service with fair price.


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Happy Music Monday!
Today I have an awesome group called
These guys are an awesome hip hop group from Los Angeles!
They make some really rad music!
They also have some really cool style! I mean, how often is it that you find a guy that is both talented and stylish?! Let alone TWO!? These dudes are truly awesome!
I had the pleasure of being able to interview them for your reading pleasure!
So here you go!
Here is my interview with Nick Jordan & Hundo of
All photo credits to: @b.xay
Hello! First, why don't you introduce yourselves & tell us what you do!
Hi!! We are Nick Jordan and Hundo and we are friends of the friendless. We recently crash landed into the depths of the hood of LA after a quick multi dimensional joy ride through space and time. We're now on a mission to find all of the like minded people of Earth to combine forces with and become unstoppable.
What's your favorite song of yours currently?!
Nick: Mine is definitely "Congratulations" because my verses are hard af and it's fun af live.
Hundo: Mine has to be "Ain't it funny" because of the inspiration behind the song. To make a long story short, let's just say someone was being fake behind my back and smiling to my face.
How would you describe your personal clothing style?
Nick: Probably just fly as fuck.
Hundo: Shout out to NTRL RBLS
Who are your main musical influences?
Nick: Outkast, Blink 182 and Aretha Franklin
Hundo: a solid tie between Tupac and Andre 3000. I'm like both of them really…Andre is weird in the best way. Pac was revolutionary and down for his cause.
How did you both get started doing music?
Nick: I started playing drums in my school band when I was 12, it was the first thing that ever started me doing it all. I've been in bands since I was 14 and haven't known anything else.
Hundo: I grew up beating on doors and pots and pans and of course watching my mom beat box. It was natural to me from day 1.
What is one thing you want to accomplish as an artist?
FOTF: Take over the world and make the world a better place for us aliens.
Who inspires you to keep performing?
Nick: It's just my favorite thing to do so I have to say myself. It's what I like to do the most out of everything…ever. I don't care if anyone else was still doing it, I would always perform no matter what, it inspires me.
Hundo: The look in my kids eyes. That's it, it's that simple. They think I'm a rockstar.
What is one interesting thing about yourself that not a lot of people know?!
Nick: I also love to paint and have so many paintings I've done already completed.
Hundo: I'm double jointed in my ring finger. It's pretty interesting haha.
And lastly…. What is your favorite part about being an artist?!
Nick: Realistically, it's inspiring other people to do anything whether it's music or whatever they love to do.
Hundo: the perks!
SEE! I told you they were rad guys.
OH! Massive PERK!! (Just like Hundo was talking about!)
If you're local to the LA area…they have a show coming up on December 16th!
Go follow their Instagram for the details of that!!
& Make sure you GO!! You won't regret it. I promise!
They have some links you should look at!
So here you go!


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Hip Hip HOORAY it's FRIDAY!
First off, some of the sayings and all your motivational thoughts on the Ruffles with Love Giveaway were HILARIOUS. Some were so funny, I was dying laughing. The lucky winner is Courtney from Sweet Petite Blog! :) She is getting married and her blog is adorable too. :) So if you email me, email@example.com, I will put you in touch with the lovely girls from Ruffles with Love for your shirt!
This weekend I've got a lot going on, per usual it seems. Tomorrow I'm going to try to get in 5 miles to see how the hip does and then I'll be heading to the gym. I've been riding the stationary bike a lot at the gym and I plan to do the same this weekend.
It's suppose to be chilly this weekend with rain possibly on Sunday. BLAH. Where is the SUN? I am looking forward to some running in the sun soon! I am also running a half marathon next month and still on the fence about the little mini tri at the end of the month. I'm still pretty petrified of riding my bike on the street. I'm working on getting more comfortable but it really scares me. I guess everyone has to face their fears sometime.
So here's to a busy weekend and some awesome working out, and congrats to Courtney!


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Adrenal Cortex should not present a risk of dependency as there is very little active hormone contained in the Cortex - however, we recommend that you consult with a qualified healthcare professional if this is of concern for you. We also recommend that you only use Adrenal Cortex if you or your healthcare professional has determined a need for the use of cortex supplements as opposed to non-bioidentical means of adrenal support. If you are using other glandular support products, including thyroid medication, you may also want to clear the use of Adrenal Cortex with your healthcare professional.*
Is there a limited duration for use of Adrenal Cortex?Follow
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About Us
MeydaStore.com is not affiliated with Meyda Tiffany.
MeydaStore.com is your one stop shop for all Meyda Tiffany light fixtures at low prices. Feel free to search by material, finishes, and etc to find the Meyda Tiffany light fixtures for your home. We guarantee every light fixture to be the lowest price on the internet. If you find any light fixtures priced lower than what we have on our website, we will beat additional 10% from our competitor's pricing. MeydaStore.com is one of Peazz Stores, we had been in the online business since 2004 and shipped all over the country. Our experienced logistic team ensures that you receive the light fixtures in excellent condition every time. We constantly comb the web to make sure that our customers at the lowest possible prices. If there is something that you are looking for and cannot find on our website, please don't hesitate to contact us. We are passionate about providing the best customer service, products and shopping experience on the web.
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Everything listed on our site is unconditionally guaranteed. If you are not satisfied with something, please send it back within 30 days of receipt and we will gladly exchange, credit, or refund the cost of the item. Shipping and handling cannot be reimbursed.
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Have questions about a product or need more information before placing an order? At meydastore.com, we make your shopping experience easy. That's why we provide you with all the information you need before placing your order. Use the helpful customer service links highlighting answers to FAQ link located at the bottom the page. Or, if it's more convenient for you, feel free to call our knowledgeable customer service team any time between Mon-Fri or email us at email@example.com.


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Actor, author, director, and musician Stephen Tobolowsky talks about his first high school band, Cast of Thousands, that recorded with a young Stevie Ray Vaughan.
"It was the first time that they saw Chopin. It was the first time that they saw the magic of Otis Redding. Right in front of them. And it's Stevie Vaughan, this 14-year-old kid."


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A teacher incapable of teaching stuff has been banned from teaching for life.
Simon Nobody was head of business studies at a community technology college in Hungerford, despite being unable to read, or turn on a computer. His utter crapness was discovered when one of his pupils was caught smashing open a computer hard drive to retrieve some lost files; a move, he states, was suggested by Mr Nobody.
Mr Nobody has taught at various schools in the South-East of England for the last 13 years. Former pupil, Matt Brown, states 'he taught us how to draw a fucking good vagina. And that picture with the big nose over the top of the wall. Although, he struggled a bit with the graffiti element'.
The John O'Gaunt Community Technology College gave Mr Nobody extensive support for more than a year, but he failed to improve. General Teaching Council committee chair, Rosalind Burford, said: 'Mr Nobody, they gave you support; there's no fucking excuse; they accepted that you may need extra help and tried to teach you the alphabet, albeit phonetically. You failed to plan lessons effectively, preferring to stand at the front of the class throwing stuff and drawing giant penises on the whiteboard. This resulted in a lack of pace and challenge in your lessons. You're fired. Forever. Fuck off'.
Mr Nobody says he will appeal against the GTC decision: 'I will appeal. I liked being a teacher. Since being fired, I have learnt to sing the alphabet and can now recite my two times table, OFF BY HEART. I am being used as an escape goat, although I am not completely sure what that means'.


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The county of San Diego announced Thursday that it's seeking input from residents on a plan to address climate change in unincorporated areas.
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A 45-day public comment period will run through Sept. 25 for the plan, which seeks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from 2014 levels by 2 percent in 2020, 40 percent in 2030 and 77 percent in 2050.
The targets are "appropriate" and the proposal appears to be an improvement over previous county efforts, Nicole Capretz, executive director of the San Diego-based Climate Action Campaign, told City News Service.
"It does seem like they're moving in a better direction," Capretz said.
She said that after an initial perusal of the document, her concerns were a lack of action on the use of cars and concrete steps to reach the 2050 goal.
According to the plan, "on-road transportation" causes 45 percent of greenhouse emissions in the county, with an additional 24 percent the result of electrical generation. Another 11 percent is emitted by landfills.
County officials acknowledged several constraints when creating the proposal — among them the far-flung and diverse nature of unincorporated communities and a projected increase in the unincorporated population from roughly 455,000 people to more than 600,000 by 2050.
Capretz said county officials can offset some of the problems by keeping new housing developments near existing travel corridors, as called for in its general plan.
The climate change proposal can be viewed online at www.sandiegocounty.gov/pds/advance/climateactionplan.html. Written comments on the draft documents can be submitted to firstname.lastname@example.com.
The county Planning Commission and Board of Supervisors are scheduled to hold hearings early next year.
—City News Service
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An Ohio State professor is taking a stand against the head of the Environmental Protection Agency, Scott Pruitt, after he banned scientists who receive EPA funding from serving on any of the agency's 22 advisory boards.
Despite receiving an email Nov. 3 implying her resignation, Robyn Wilson, an associate professor in the School of Environment and Natural Resources, has refused to give up her EPA funding and her membership on the Science Advisory Board, a position she began in 2015 during the Obama administration. The boards provide expert advice to the agency on the science behind important policies and regulations, affecting everything from water quality to public health.
Wilson is defying Pruitt's new policy because she doesn't believe it's legal to stop a member from serving on the board if they receive funding. Pruitt was appointed by President Donald Trump to serve as EPA administrator.
In September, Wilson received a $150,000 grant from the EPA to study how efficiently money is being spent to help improve water quality in Lake Erie.
"It's not really a choice because I can't return the money," Wilson said of the ultimatum. "I can't bail on my collaborators or on the project."
Academic researchers like Wilson, in addition to other scientists who work for different industries, are typically chosen as board members to advise the EPA — who might not have the academic expertise in a certain field — on policy and regulation.
For instance, Wilson has worked with farmers on their land-management decisions for six years. She measured their willingness to engage in conservation practices related to nutrient runoff and water quality in Lake Erie.
But Pruitt's new directive — which EPA spokesman Michael Abboud said Pruitt issued to "ensure independence, geographic diversity and integrity" within the advisory boards — now forbids Wilson from advising the EPA because her current research is funded by the agency itself.
When Wilson first received an email Nov. 3 from advisory board secretary Thomas Carpenter thanking her for her service on the board and implying her resignation, she hadn't planned on replying.
But later that week Wilson read a blog post from Michael Burger, executive director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University, urging board members with EPA funding not to step down until the EPA is "forced to defend its indefensible position in court."
After reading Burger's op-ed, Wilson decided to reply.
"Mr. Pruitt is welcome to officially fire me from the Board," her email response read. "Given I had one year left in my term, and I was hired by the previous Administrator, it seems as if the appropriate way for him to enact this policy is to provide an official letter informing me that I am being let go before my term ends."
In his piece that influenced Wilson's reply, Burger argued that Pruitt's directive essentially lacks justification, citing that there have been no records or hearings accusing board scientists with EPA funding that constitute a conflict of interest.
Pruitt claimed these scientists have a "substantial conflict" serving on the board but has yet to provide an explanation as to what that conflict is.
Additionally, Burger explains in his post that EPA-funded scientists on the board are exempt from being deemed conflicts of interest because of their status as "special government employees" who serve on advisory committees.
"It just makes no sense because when you receive funding from a federal agency or a private agency, they are funding you to answer a question for them," Wilson said in an interview with The Lantern. "So you design a thoughtful set of studies to answer that question. Whether data does or does not support a certain policy action, we [scientists] have no control over that."
Joe Arvai, a professor of sustainable enterprise at the University of Michigan who previously held the same professorship at Ohio State as Wilson, served on the board with Wilson two years ago when she joined.
A self-proclaimed "vocal critic" of Pruitt's advisory board policy since its inception nearly six months ago, Arvai said he was originally concerned with the symbolism behind the "political noise" Pruitt created with the directive, but now believes a bigger problem exists.
Citing a report by Reveal from the Center for Investigative Reporting, Arvai said 68 percent of the new Science Advisory Board is now "pro-industry," which he said means Pruitt can justify potentially bad regulations with faulty science.
For example, the Science Advisory Board to which Wilson and Arvai belonged would theoretically comment on the scientific reports related to water quality in Lake Erie and provide clarifications about the reported data — essentially determining what may or may not be a healthy level of nutrient runoff into Lake Erie.
At that point, Pruitt could take into consideration — or not — the expert advice from the scientists to inform the decisions he would ultimately make regarding regulation of the runoff.
Both Arvai and Wilson said there are potentially "dire consequences" to public and environmental health since 14 of the new advisory board members directly work for industries regulated by the EPA. Those industries contributed nearly $320,000 to Pruitt's Senate campaign in Oklahoma.
"What's kind of ironic about it is it seems like the administration is trying to stack the board with people who are against regulation," Wilson said. "And most of my research shows that we can improve water quality in the Great Lakes through voluntary actions. Regulation might not be necessary."


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Managing Editor
Laetitia Clayton
Senior Editor
Paul R. Pace
Deputy Director and
NASW News
Gail Woods Waller
Jim Snyder
(703) 764-5949
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by Rena Malai
Michael Francum has been the executive director of NASW's D.C. Metro Chapter for about a year, but his NASW journey started well before that when he began as an intern in the national office.
"I knew NASW was the place for me to apply the social work skills that I want to apply," he said.
Francum obtained his BSW at the University of North Carolina-Greensboro and worked in direct practice in HIV prevention and case management. He said he was drawn toward the area of HIV prevention, as it wasn't talked about much when he was growing up in rural North Carolina.
"I've always seen myself being in a helping profession, and social work resonates with my core values which are, namely, believing that every person has value, worth and dignity," he said. "I enjoyed the work, and I felt getting an MSW would allow me to reach more people."
Francum then moved to Washington, D.C., to work in public policy on comprehensive sexuality education prior to attending the University of Maryland School of Social Work , where he began interning in NASW's government relations office during his advanced practicum. During this time, he realized a deep passion for advocacy and getting involved in political advocacy work.
"Doing policy advocacy work is very dear to me," Francum said. "It's a skill set that expands to helping communities and seeing the bigger picture."
Now at the helm of the D.C. Metro Chapter after years of holding different positions at the chapter and national office levels, Francum is working to expand networking activities, engaging young professionals and increasing member interest in social justice issues.
With the chapter's unique position in Washington, there is a lot of activity going on and plenty of opportunity to get involved, he said.
"We have about 1,400 members, and it's a small community with a large network with social workers at the federal, local and agency level," Francum said.
Engaging social workers from all backgrounds is important for the chapter, he said, as it brings together a solid community and the chance for members to connect with each other.
"There has been a lot of engagement from our members in the past few months in a diverse range of social justice areas at the national level, including the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington, and Supreme Court rulings on same-sex marriage and voter rights," he said "The diversity we have at the chapter makes it possible for members to find a common ground, and they are right at the heart of everything here in DC."
Editor's note: This is part of an ongoing series of profiles of NASW's newest chapter executive directors.


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Once at your Casares condominium you can journey by bus or street most easily, with normal buses halting 800m from the area. Or employ your personal car to truly explore the CVosta del Sol and Casares area. Or capture a taxi with the taxi rank 800m from the apartments to lease in Casares.
New York Metropolis attributes many tall structures that make up most of the city's skyline. Unsurprisingly, many of these structures are comprised of luxurious hotels. Creating the most out of your NYC journey does not need that you spend most of the cash out of your wallet. Resort accommodations in the city can be costly. If you want to save on lodging, you may as well choose for NYC vacation apartment rentals. Vacation flats are well-liked among NYC vacationers on a spending budget.
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How do I get to the condominium? If you're going to a city for the first time and are not familiar with the various neighbourhoods, inquire for detailed instructions of how to locate your property – there's nothing worse than traipsing the streets with suitcases following a journey. Ok, there is – if it's raining.
You can split the price. No make a difference what accommodation you book, travelling can be expensive. 1 thing that holiday rentals give you is the chance to journey with buddies and family members and split the expenses. From affordable two-bed room flats to large 6-bed room homes, splitting costs with friends can flip a lonely and costly vacation into a fun –and very inexpensive– 1.
China is one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations. This nation has the greatest population in the entire world and some amazing sights for vacationers to see. It is famous for it digital items, journey and tourism.
Apartments are quite unique from hotels. For occasion, each is uniquely decorated and furnished, ideally not in some generic shade of beige (as are most resort rooms)! You don't have to worry about maid services waking you up or the visitors subsequent door being as well loud. You have a degree of privateness and autonomy that is merely not as feasible in a resort.


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