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Right now our Golden Gate bike ride is scheduled for April 26. It's 50 miles long, and a tough ride. If your legs and bike aren't ready for it, it won't be fun. That's just the way cycling is. Because it is 50 miles, with some hills, and because Mr. Craig wants those who go to have a good time, he'll only take scouts who have either done a 50-mile ride previously, or completed the qualification ride that I led in January.
If you have done neither, but really want to go on the ride, Mr. Craig can schedule another qualification ride, but you need to let him know this week for scheduling purposes. The qualification ride is 25 miles, and hilly. It's doable, but you'd want to feel confident in your abilities, and have a light, well-functioning bike.
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Church Reconstruction in North Cardiganshire in the Nineteenth Century
Ieuan Gwynedd Jones. National Library of Wales journal. 1978, Winter Volume XX/4
Extracted onto the pages of GENUKI with the kind permission of the National Library of Wales
This is a complete extract of this article (Gareth Hicks May 2003)
AT the consecration of Llanddeiniol new church in October 1835 the Reverend John Hughes, vicar of Llanbadarn Fawr (and later Archdeacon of Cardigan) preached from the text 'Surely I will not go into the tabernacle of my house, nor go up into my bed; I
AT the consecration of Llanddeiniol new church in October 1835 the Reverend John Hughes, vicar of Llanbadarn Fawr (and later Archdeacon of Cardigan) preached from the text 'Surely I will not go into the tabernacle of my house, nor go up into my bed; I will not give sleep unto mine eyes, or slumber to mine eyelids, until I find out a place for the Lord, an habitation for the mighty God of Jacob' (Psalm 132, 2-5). 1 In the course of his sermon the reverend gentleman drew analogies between a Jerusalem bereft of its temple and a deanery of Llanbadarn Fawr sorely lacking places of worship and he could, given the circumstances, be forgiven his rhetoric and rhodomontade. In fact, if there was one thing the deanery did not lack in the 1830s it was places of worship, and the Victorian era in this district was all era of extreme religiosity. As we shall see, churches were added from time to time, but basically what we have to observe during that period is the reconstitution of church life, its inward adaptation and its outward reconstruction in the face of changing circumstances.
It would not be difficult to show that this part of Cardiganshire was in some important yet mysterious respects deeply religious. The contribution of Cardiganshire as a whole to the religious life of Britain has been enormous, and one which is probably almost as old as the coming of Christianity itself. The furthest ecclesiastical point in the vast parish of Llanbadarn Fawr --- sixteen long and heavy miles from the parish church --- is the chapelry of Yspyty Cynfyn with its ancient church set like an exotic jewel in a Celtic stone circle. The name Llanbadarn itself sends the mind reeling back through the centuries to its foundation in the Age of the Saints and to its role as a cathedral and abbey church under the native dynasties, while the name 'Yspyty' reminds us of the existence of that indigenous Cistercian House of Strata Florida whose influence, cultural and religious, on this part of its domaine was immense throughout the centuries. One thinks of the Methodist Revivals of the eighteenth century, and it is a peculiarity of that extraordinary continuing experience that one of its epicentres was at Llangeitho, and that the southern part of the county, within the immediate influence as it were of that little village, continued to spawn out a succession of revivals long after the other religious centre at Trevecca had lost its heat and been dampened in the formal life of an academic institution. And not only the southern part of the county. The most astounding revival of Victorian times in a succession of revivals long after the other religious centre at Trevecca had lost its heat and been dampened in the formal life of an academic institution. And not only the southern part of the county. The most astounding revival of Victorian times in Wales began only a few miles from here at Tre'rddol and Ystumtuen, Bontgoch and Pontrhydygroes, and Yspyty Ystwyth in 1858-9. And the last great Welsh revival --- that of 1904-5 likewise began in the southern seaside parishes of the county.
We might allude also to other remarkable facts to show the religious vigour of these parts. Here is the home of Tractarianism in Wales, and Llangorwen was the first Tractarian church in Wales. 2 Indeed, the Ecclesiologist proclaimed it to..................
................ be 'a church as it should be ... One of the most complete and successful imitations of ancient models that the present age has produced' . 3 It was no accident that it should have been founded here and I hope to show that much that was characteristic in its worship was already present in the worshipping customs of many other churches. Then, going off in another direction, one could point to the long and honourable educational activities of churchmen in these parts. Ystrad Meurig, just to the north of the deanery, was famous for its grammar school long before and long after Bishop Burgess founded Lampeter in 1826. Indeed, one wonders where the Anglican Church would have recruited their priests in Wales if it had not been for the readiness of North Cardiganshire men to enter the church. Archdeacon David Evans (a Llanrhystud man) in his Recollections published in 1904, actually lists 59 men who had to his knowledge entered the ministry from that one parish in his own lifetime, and the Rev. Lewis Evans told his cousin, Isaac Williams, of Cwmcynfelin that 'there are more young men educated for Holy Orders from Llanfihangel Geneu'r Glyn and neighbourhood than any other given locality in Wales'. 4 One would need to know what was the quality of the education they received, but the fact that Rowland Williams---'Bunsen's reviewer' in Essays and Reviews --- was Vice-Principal at Lampeter from 1850 to 1862 should give us pause, as also should the fact that it was still customary for young men who could not afford the £50 fees of Lampeter to go much more cheaply to Ystrad Meurig or (sometimes the best alternative) to a Dissenting Academy.
I stated at the beginning that the main problem facing the church in the deanery was not merely or mainly a shortage of churches. This was certainly the case when the movement for reform of the church began in the early 1830s. The main problems then and for a considerable time after were the inexorable facts of dilapidation. With the exception of the Chapel of St. Michael's in the borough of Aberystwyth and new buildings to serve new districts, such as Llangorwen (1841), Elerch (1868), St. Mary's Aberystwyth (1873), Penrhyncoch (1881) and Trinity (1886), 5 the activity was confined to rebuilding or reconstructing existing churches, or, in a few cases, carrying out extensive repair works. Dilapidation was the curse of the church in North Cardiganshire. This was true throughout rural Wales, as 5 the activity was confined to rebuilding or reconstructing existing churches, or, in a few cases, carrying out extensive repair works. Dilapidation was the curse of the church in North Cardiganshire. This was true throughout rural Wales, as the Incorporated Church Building Society had come to recognize by 1851. 'Many of the churches in Wales are in a much more dilapidated condition than any in England, and yet, like those in the latter country, are susceptible of complete restoration'. 6 Of the 14 churches and chapels in the deanery in the early 1830s, no less than 12 were either completely rebuilt or otherwise heavily restored on account of the desperately poor state of the fabric. 'Damp and uncomfortable', 'in a state of disrepair', 'very dilapidated' --- these are the reasons one finds in Vestry Books, in Faculties petitioned for and granted, and in articles of consecration. 7
This raises some interesting questions. To what extent were these churches in fact as bad as they were stated to be? There is always a subjective element in judgments of that kind, and fashion and changing sensibilities exert an influence. The Visitation Queries and Answers, both Wardens' and Ministers', often give ..............
.................. the impression that all is well with the fabric, yet a few years later a church has disappeared and a new one built because of the alleged dilapidation, dampness or inconvenience of the old. There is no denying that most were in a very bad way. Archdeacon David Evans in his book of recollections 8 describes how cold and uncomfortable was Llanrhystud, with its shuttered windows, its earth-floor 'Mixed with the bones of our ancestors', its few pews and cruelly hard benches. Moreover, they had been like this for many, many years, and one suspects that they were no worse and no better at the beginning of the nineteenth century than they had been at the beginning of the eighteenth. One would not wish to play down the dilapidations endemic in the churches of the region, but at the same time one might suggest that the sudden and sustained burst of restoration should be regarded as an indicator of a deep change in fashion. People's apprehension of reality changes, as does their ideal of religious behaviour. That is to say, church restoration is a symptom of cultural change --- of rejection of the old and the acceptance of the new.
One sees this from time to time in the petitions for faculties for reconstruction. What exactly is meant by 'Unfit for divine service' in the Llanddeiniol petition of 1833. 9 Or old St. Michael's in 1831 --- when at the previous episcopal visitation the wardens declared the building to be satisfactory? 10 One suspects that incumbents were looking for ways of getting rid of the old box pews in order to replace them with benched open pews. By the mid-Victorian years this is quite clear. Llanilar was entirely reconstructed in order to make it 10 One suspects that incumbents were looking for ways of getting rid of the old box pews in order to replace them with benched open pews. By the mid-Victorian years this is quite clear. Llanilar was entirely reconstructed in order to make it possible to perform modern liturgical forms of service. 'Pews badly made originally, now out of repair, uncomfortable to sit in and most inconvenient for kneeling --- a general wish on the part of the congregation for open seats and a better arrangement of the whole internal fittings, especially, of the chancel. The space around the altar being so limited by the pews ... as to render difficult a reverent receiving of the Holy Communion; and above all, to render the building generally more worthy of them to whose service is dedicated'. 11 Here we have a religious or liturgical revolution, with its popular undertones, demanding a reconstruction of the internal arrangements along more democratic, or religiously equal, lines. But Mr. Parry of Llidiarde, the local squire, insisted on a first choice of eight sittings for himself and four for his servants! The plans for the new church at Yspyty Ystrad-meurig were criticized for leaving too narrow a step at the altar for the priest to kneel at. 12 That was towards the end of the century and by then the aspirations and changing fashions of the few at the beginning of the century had become the accepted norm of the many.
Equally an obsession with Victorian clergymen and laymen was the pressing need to provide accommodation where it was needed. This was a problem aggravated by the enormous size of the parishes. The 14 churches served an area of 174,000 acres. Llanbadarn Fawr itself covered 52,750 acres, Llanfihangel Geneu'r Glyn 32,825, and Llanfihangel y Creuddyn 22,553. The boundaries, of course, were medieval and represented the enclosing of territories sufficient to provide the incomes for incumbents (and in some cases for the appropriators..................
........................ of the livings, for there were no rectories, as we shall see). For centuries these vast hill parishes had supported their sparse pastoral populations and the parish churches and the few chapels of ease had supplied such means of grace as was demanded. Demand changed in response to the operation of two main forces, the one physical, the other spiritual. The first was the growth and the redistribution of population, and possibly it was the redistribution which was of most immediate relevance to the clergy. 13 The villages, especially those in the valley bottoms and in the coastal region almost certainly expanded, but much more serious was the appearance of entirely new communities settled around the lead-mines. Most of these were situated in areas very distant from the parish churches, as in Cwmsymlog, Goginan, Ystumtuen, Cwm Ystwyth, the hinterland of Talybont, and Elerch, and other places. There was an obvious need for chapels of ease in strategic places. The other factor was equally powerful, namely, the demand being made for the means of religious worship. The nonconformists were the quickest off the mark : indeed, it was they, and particularly the Calvinistic Methodists, who created the demand in the first place --- who stimulated that enormous ly, the demand being made for the means of religious worship. The nonconformists were the quickest off the mark : indeed, it was they, and particularly the Calvinistic Methodists, who created the demand in the first place --- who stimulated that enormous hydroptic thirst for spiritual things which periodically exploded in revivals and which by mid-century had resulted in an extraordinary chapel-building activity throughout the deanery. (In an area exactly continuous with the deanery there were by 1905 no hydroptic thirst for spiritual things which periodically exploded in revivals and which by mid-century had resulted in an extraordinary chapel-building activity throughout the deanery. (In an area exactly continuous with the deanery there were by 1905 no less than 105 chapels and schoolrooms) . 14
Hence, the response of the church from the 1830s onwards. Capel Bangor, built in exactly the style of Eglwysfach, was opened in 1839 to accommodate the growing communities of the neighbourhood, mainly leadminers from nearby Goginan and the slopes of the Ystwyth. Llangorwen in 1841, as is well known, was sui generis, but it is important to note that the petition of Matthew Davies Williams of Cwmcynfelin and Wallog pleaded the inadequate means of religious instruction to the demands of the populous and increasing parish of Llanbadarn Fawr. 15 St. Peter's, Elerch was built by Lewis Gilbertson and his family for the same reason --- the means of religious worship being inadequate in a valley busily being exploited for its lead. 16 St. Mary's, Aberystwyth was built for the Welsh population --- to enable the authorities to achieve what was always a major aim of the Welsh hierarchy in the Victorian church, namely, to keep the two languages separate. 17 St. Mathew's, Borth was opened in 1879 --- in this case a direct response to the building of the railway and an investment in seaside-resort business. 18 Penrhyncoch, consecreated in 1881 was situated like a Norman castle at the ancient crossroads into and out of the mine-bearing valleys. 19 Finally, Trinity in Aberystwyth in 1886-8, 20 and the new St. Michael's in 1890. 21 Of these, Eglwysfach (in 1855), Elerch (1868), Trinity (1887) and Penrhyncoch (1901) 22 were made into District Chapelries, so that by the end of the century the deanery had no less than 18 places of worship and in addition was holding services in some other unconsecrated buildings, such as the school at Penparcau. 23
None of this undoubted increase in efficiency was accomplished without cost, and here the church faced what was undoubtedly its greatest obstacle, poverty.
Apart, perhaps, from the town of Aberystwyth itself, the deanery was probably the poorest part of the county and one of the poorest in Wales. Its economic resources were small and the wealth that was produced exceedingly unevenly divided. 'The inhabitants of the parish', wrote the incumbent of Llanafan, Rev. D. E. Jones to the Church Building Society in December 1836, 'with the exception of a few persons hereinafter named, are persons of low and narrow circumstances in life, being either employed in the mine works, or as labourers under Agriculturists of the neighbourhood. The seven or eight farmers in the parish are of limited means, excepting one Proprietor ... 24 Dr. Turner, the Medical Officer of the Privy Council reported in 1866 that 'the children pine for want of food as soon as weaned', and gave it as his opinion that were it not for the prevailing mild weather the people would all die. 25
Poverty of the masses, however, was something distinct from the poverty of the Church: the two were linked only in that their causes were not singular but common, and insofar as the Church given the prevailing religious climate of nonconformity, could
Poverty of the masses, however, was something distinct from the poverty of the Church: the two were linked only in that their causes were not singular but common, and insofar as the Church given the prevailing religious climate of nonconformity, could not look to the general population for assistance. It could look only to its own resources and to the assistance it could expect from its natural allies, the gentry. These latter, where they were patrons and impropriators, in any case had a legal obligation as well as a religious duty to assist. In North Cardiganshire, as in the county generally, lay patrons outnumbered ecclesiastical patrons but by no stretch of the imagination can they be said to have fulfilled their duties with a proper regard for the on as well as a religious duty to assist. In North Cardiganshire, as in the county generally, lay patrons outnumbered ecclesiastical patrons but by no stretch of the imagination can they be said to have fulfilled their duties with a proper regard for the spiritual welfare of their inferiors. The advowsons of new churches were always kept within the church itself or vested in ecclesiastical persons. 26
Much more serious was the poverty due to the alienation of tithes to laymen. There was only one rectory in the deanery worth only £93: all the livings were impropriated and only one of these to an ecclesiastical corporation --- (the end result being the same, of course). The most notorious of the lay impropriators was the family of Chichester from Devonshire, who owned the tithes of no less than nine of the parishes. From these he derived £5,411 annually in tithes. The total income of the incumbents of those nine livings was £1,127 --- an average of £125 p.a., ranging from a high of £221 to a low of £88. Most of this income came from Queen Anne's Bounty or from parliamentary grants: Chichester's contribution in fixed stipends (payable out of his those nine livings was £1,127 --- an average of £125 p.a., ranging from a high of £221 to a low of £88. Most of this income came from Queen Anne's Bounty or from parliamentary grants: Chichester's contribution in fixed stipends (payable out of his £5,411 from tithes) amounted to not more than about £60 or £70 per annum. 27 So far as I have been able to discover J. B. S. Chichester gave not a penny to any of the work of reconstruction and renovation and repair . 28
Chichester influence on the deanery was therefore of critical importance and had maleficent effects. It was poverty caused by his depredations that was the underlying cause of the far too numerous pluralities that existed. Eight of the livings were plural livings, 29 and not until towards the end of the century had this necessary evil been removed and each parish provided with its own resident priest. It accounted also for the poor state of the fabric to which we have alluded, and ..........
................when one considers the great amount of money spent in the restorations and rebuildings we can appreciate that for this to have happened while the deanery was steadily being milked of its substance by Chichester must have involved a tremendous effort on the part of clergy and laymen. Local gentry were very generous, especially the Pryse family of Gogerddan: the Powells of Nanteos less so, perhaps: they insisted on the full market price when negotiating the transfer of the land to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for the third St. Michael's. But the bulk of the money in the outlying parishes came by voluntary subscriptions, by grants from the Church Building Society, and from the profits of various fundraising community actions. After 1856 the raising of Church rates was no longer attempted in the deanery. 30 A few figures will show what was happening. In the deanery as a whole between 1840 and 1876 a total of £19,660 had been spent on church building and restoration, and of this sum no less than £19,170 had been raised by voluntary subscription, £285 from the Church Building Society and £200 (at Llancynfelyn) by a church rate (in 1834?) . 31 So, this poor county accomplished what was virtually a complete rebuilding and restoration programme out of its own resources, and when we consider the enormous amplitude of nonconformist places of worship going up at the same time, or themselves being rebuilt and restored, it will sufficiently be understood that my original claim about the religiosity of the county holds good.
The fact that two of the new churches were virtually erected, furnished and partially endowed by private families does not affect the argument. Llangorwen and Elerch were wholly untypical in their origin and style. They were certainly deeply untypical
The fact that two of the new churches were virtually erected, furnished and partially endowed by private families does not affect the argument. Llangorwen and Elerch were wholly untypical in their origin and style. They were certainly deeply untypical of the prevailing theological climate of the deanery. The Rev. Owain Jones has argued in his book on Isaac Williams and in his articles on Tractarianism that there was little that was accidental in the location here of these tractarian churches, but that, on the contrary, there existed a powerful tradition, albeit confined to a few families, of High Churchmanship dating from the Jacobitism of the early eighteenth century. 32 The evidence he adduces is not entirely convincing. A study of the Visitation returns for the whole century indicates that by the early nineteenth century at least (returns of 1807) institutions such as monthly communions, more than one service per Sunday, week-day services, and services (sometimes with communion) on the main festivals were pretty common. This reflected not a High Church tradition but a strong evangelical one and was probably as much a response to Methodistical demands for the regularity of the sacrament as an inbred High churchmanship. Moreover, what on the surface appear to be Tractarian innovations on deeper reflection turn out to be unconscious survivals from the Roman Catholic past. It is necessary always to remember the regularity of the sacrament as an inbred High churchmanship. Moreover, what on the surface appear to be Tractarian innovations on deeper reflection turn out to be unconscious survivals from the Roman Catholic past. It is necessary always to remember that religious development always produces its own forms of social competition, and there is no doubt that this provided a powerful motivation in the reconstruction movement. I have illustrated this theme from the history of the rebuilding of the second St. Michael's, and there is no need to amplify here. 33 Nor should one forget that once the physical presence of the Williamses and Gilbertsons had been removed................
................the churches they had built and endowed soon reverted to a more socially acceptable style of public worship. Some differences remained and traditions survived, but they were minor and quite superficial. Today, we can admire and be thankful for the buildings: but buildings alone cannot perpetuate a revolution.
We can therefore understand the true significance of the movement as a whole in the Victorian era. Mainly, I think, it was highly symptomatic of a profound change in the church's conception of itself. It started as a church in a very religious society, the causes of whose religiosity are probably to be found deep in the social changes being endured by the people as a whole, and in organized movements standing outside and often in opposition to it. It had contributed much to the religious life of the county, but the initiatives had moved elsewhere. It had been slow to analyze the nature of its role in a society which demographic and economic forces were rapidly changing, and slow to adapt even when the consequences of these changes became apparent. It ended by being a church virtually on the voluntary principle, and so far as its social role was concerned not very different from that of the chapels. This, after all, was a reflection of the deep community of the region itself. There is something slightly grotesque in the idea that a few wealthy men could come into this ancient county from outside and by introducing a new theology change its nature in a generation or so. Methodism was an indigenous thing: that was its strength, and its values were those of the people among whom it spread. In the end it is people who make theology.
But finally, it ended as a church most beautifully equipped in its fabric. We should think not only of the great architects: of Underwood, Butterfield, Ritchie and Seddon : we should think also of the common people who so readily responded to a religious ideal of decency, modesty, and quiet, assured beauty. Looking at Elerch Church who can fail to see how richly Butterfield must have responded to the genius of the place? Its harmony goes deep and there is a powerful repose in the way that it lies on the land. North Cardiganshire imposes itself on its buildings, and in the end it is people and history that remain.
I N.L.W., SD/C/119. Draft consecration dated 6 October 1835.
2 On Tractarianism in Wales, see O. W. Jones, Isaac Williams and his circle (London, 1971) and the same author's article 'The Mind of Robert Raikes', journal of the Historical Society of the Church in Wales, XVIII (1968). See also D. Eifion Evans, 'Mudiad Rhydychen yng Ngogledd Sir Aberteifi', ibid., iv (1954), pp. 45f .
3 Quoted in O. W. Jones, op. cit., p. 96.
4 ibid., p. 104.
5 For details of the building and consecration of these churches see N.L.W., SD/C/150 (Llangorwen, 16 December 1841), SD/C/76 (Elerch, 29 June 1868), SD/C/11 (St. Mary's. Aberystwyth, 3 June 1873), SD/C/224 (Penrhyncoch, 14 June 1881), SD/C/8, 9, 11 (Holy Trinity Aberystwyth, 10 August 1886, 29 November 1888 and 31 May 1899).
6 Incorporated Church Building Society, Third Quarterly Report, 1850-1, pp. 11-12.
7 For example, N.L.W., SD/F/330, Llanfihangel-Geneur'-Glyn, 8 May 1884 for Vestry Minute; SD/F/450, Llanychaiarn, Vestry Minutes dated 12 December 1877; SD/F/399, Llanilar, Vestry Minute dated 8 May 1873; SD/F/380, Llangwyryfon, for taking down and entirely removing the old church.
8 David Evans, Adgofion yr Hybarch David Evans Arch-ddiacon Llanelwy (Lampeter, 1904), p. 7.
10 N.L.W., SD/C/13 s (d) and N.L.W., St. Michael's MSS and Documents, and 1807 Visitation Returns (Wardens') where they return that the fabric is in good repair.
11 N.L.W., SD/F/399/M (letter dated 2 April 1874).
12 N.L.W., SD/F/690. Faculty granted 28 December 1897.
13 Most of the townships into which the large parishes of Llanbadarn Fawr, Llanfihangel Geneu'r Glyn and Llanfihangel-y-Creuddyn were divided lost population during the century. Only the townships where lead-mining was an important sector in the economy showed anything like sustained increases; for example Broncastellan, Elerch, Cwm Rheidol, Melindwr, Parsel Canol, the parish of Llanafan, Llanfihangel-y-Creuddyn Uchaf, and Gwnws.
14 Royal Commission on the Church of England and other religious bodies in Wales and Monmouthshire, vol. 6, pp. 29 ff. See also N.L.W., SD/S/10/1 'Statistics of Church Work, Finance and Property for the year 1899-1900'.
15 N.L.W., SD/C/150. Consecration dated 16 December 1841. Among the inhabitants who signed the petition were Matthew Davies Williams of Cwmcynfelin and Wallog, and his son, Rev. Isaac Williams, who gave the land, part of Nantcellan Fawr farm.
16 N.L.W., SD/C/76. Consecration dated 29 June 1868. Among the petitioners were Rev. Lewis Gilbertson, Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford, of Cefn-gwyn, whose family gave the land.
17 N.L.W., SD/C/11. Consecration dated 3 June 1873.
18 N.L.W., SD/C/27. Consecration dated 15 September 1879.
19 N.L.W., SD/C/224. Consecration dated 14 June 1881.
20 N.L.W., SD/C/8-9-10. Consecration of the three main stages of building dated 10 August 1886, 29 November 1888 and 31 May 1899.
21 N.L.W., SD/C/145. Sentence of consecration dated 30 September 1890.
22 N.L.W., SD/OC/49 (Eglwys-fach, dated 27 November 1854); SD/OC/108 (Elerch, dated 14 September 1868); SD/OC/148 (Holy Trinity, dated 12 July 1877); SD/OC/163 (Penrhyncoeh, dated 10 December 1901).
23 N.L.W., SD/S/10/1. See also the series SD/DS, from which the chronology and location of the use of unconsecrated places would appear to be as follows: 1834 Rhydmeirionydd (Llanfihangel Geneu'r Glyn); 1839 Aberystwyth; 1842 Borth; 1862 Elerch; 1863 Penparcau; 1863 Penrhyncoch; 1866 Llanafan; 1870 Llanfihangel-y-Creuddyn; 1876 Borth (again); 1878 Llanychaiarn; 1879 Talybont; 1882 Commins Coch; 1822 Llanddeiniol: 1884 Llanfihangel Geneu'r Glyn.
24 Petition from Rev. D. E. Jones to the Incorporated Church Building Society, dated from Llanafan 27 December 1836, File No. 132225.
25 Seventh Report of the Medical Officer of the Privy Council, with Appendix, Parliamentary Papers, 1865, XXVI. , p. 498.
26 In 1835 the position was as follows: the Bishop exercised the patronage of 4 livings, a vicar of 1, and Brecknock Collegiate Church of 1 ; lay patrons owned the advowsons of 7 livings, and the inhabitants of a Chapelry 1 other. In 1900 the position was as follows: the Bishop was patron of 8 livings, a vicar of 1, ecclesiastical persons of 2, lay persons of 5, and the inhabitants of a chapelry of 1. Royal Commission on the Church of England, vol. 5, p. 190
27 For details of incomes, appropriations etc., consult Ecclesiastical Duties and Revenues Report, P.P., 1835, XXII, Table No. 4, which gives the values etc. as at 31 December 1831. For the ownership of tithes around mid-century see 'Tithes commuted and apportioned ... distinguishing those assigned to Clerical Appropriators ..., P.P., 1848, (298); details for all the parishes can be found in summary form in Ieuan Gwynedd Jones and David Williams, The Religious Census of 1851, A Calendar of the Returns Relating to Wales (Cardiff, 1976), passim.
28 There is evidence that he positively refused to subscribe to the repair of the parish church of Llanbadarn Fawr: see Rev. David Evans, incumbent, to the Incorporated Church Building Society dated from Llanbadarn 28 June 1837. Also, same to same, dated 12 March 1838 where he states that Chichester had not deigned to reply even though the chancel was in a bad state of decay.
29 In 1835, Chichester was the impropriator of Eglwys-fach, Llanafan a'r Trawsgoed, Llanbadarn Fawr, Llanddeiniol, Llanfihangel Geneu'r-glyn, Llanfihangel-y-Creuddyn, Llangwyryfon, Llancynfelin, Llanilar, and Llanychaearn. All these, with the exception of the first and last, were held in plurality.
30 'Return of the amount of Church Rates received and expended by Churchwardens in the years ending Easter 1832, 1839 and 1854', P.P., 1857 (Session 2), XXXII (88), and 'Return of the names of all parishes in cities or parliamentary boroughs ... in which (during the last fifteen years) Church Rates have been refused, and since that time ceased to be collected', P.P., 1856, XLVIII (319).
31 'Returns showing the number of churches ... which have been built or restored at a cost exceeding £500 since 1840', P.P., 1876, LVIII (125 and 125 I).
32 O. W. Jones, op. cit., pp. 92 ff. See also D. Eifion Evans, art. cit..
33 Ieuan Gwynedd Jones, 'Religion and Politics: the Rebuilding of St. Michael's Church Aberystwyth and its Political Consequences'. Ceredigion. Journal of the Ceredigion Antiquarian Society (1973), pp. 117-130.


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Villa Marghareta
DeLUXE APARTMENT
Bedroom 1: single bed and double bed
Bedroom 2: single bed and large double bed
Bedroom 3: large double bed
Living room: sofa bed
Two bedroom apartment
Bedroom 1: large double bed
Bedroom 2: single bed
Living room: sofa bed
Direct Bookingvia VillaMarghareta.com
Price of Direct Booking via VillaMarghareta.com 15% cheaper than via Booking.com or AirBnB
free transfer from airport in one way if using VillaMarghareta.com
Etherium paymentsvia VillaMarghareta.com
For advance payment in full price of the booking, you get 30% off of the price from Booking.com
free transfer from airport in one way if using VillaMarghareta.com
Swimming pool surrounded by greenery
The villa is set in a Mediterranean garden with 3 large terraces and a swimming pool. You can cook cooked meals using the oven, gas stove, microwave and fridge-freezer.
Enjoy the ambient terrace during the summer months. You can arrange excursions to nearby locations in agreement with the owner. Near the Ville Margharete there is a beautiful garden with many interesting plants such as orange trees, lemons, figs, olives, apples, hazelnuts, apricots, plums, avocados, blueberries, aronia and goji berries, wine, mint, fennel and many others healing herbs. Great joy for children makes many turtles free to walk around the garden and thay make happy to every child who came to visit our villa.
Star Wars & Game of Thrones
Dubrovnik is one of the most important historical and tourist centers in the world. One of the most popular series in the world, "Game Throne", started shooting in Dubrovnik in 2011.
But Dubrovnik is not only the capital of the kingdom, he is also the center of the universe. Why!? One of the most complicated recordings in the history of the film was filmed in Dubrovnik - the 8th continuation of the Star Wars.


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Monday, September 23, 2013
brooklyn's one | family portraiture
I've had the pleasure of photographing these gorgeous girls since they were born. This family is gorgeous, adorable, and oh so sweet and I was so excited to get the opportunity to finally do a family session for them. It was also Brooklyn's 1st b-day so we set aside some time to get some extra special shots of her. Love her feisty personality!
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Labels: 1st Birthday, Children, Family, Outdoors, Toddlers
american girl | family portraiture
What 7 year old doesn't flip over American Girl? I got to do birthday portraits for the beautiful Bree and she of course had to get her doll Sage in on the action. Mom and Dad wanted a few family shots which I just love to do. It's always a pleasure to capture the love a family has for each other. Bree is one lucky girl to be so loved!
Monday, September 9, 2013
gigi | senior portraits
It's that time again... everyone is back to school and the class of 2014 is starting up their senior year. This gorgeous beauty is off to college this year and I just have to show off her images that I never got around to sharing this past spring. I love seniors and always have so much fun at their sessions and Gigi's was no exception. She was full of spirit and her personality just shined. Enjoy your Freshman year Gigi, I have no doubt you'll have an amazing college experience!
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text: The Alumni association of the institute was established to support the parent institutional organizations' goals, and to strengthen the ties between alumni, the community, and the parent institutional organization. The Alumni of the College of Chemical Sciences jointly celebrated the "AGM and Graduateship Dinner" on 27th February 2016 at Berjaya Hotel, Mount Lavinia. One of the leading and outstanding events organized by the Alumni Association was the NaluRanga Gee II, which was a collection of popular stage drama songs by some of the leading artists in Sri Lanka, which was held at at the Kularatne Hall, Ananda College, on Saturday, the 28th of November 2015. The event was organized as a fundraiser in order to establish the infrastructure facilities to the science laboratory at President's College, Rajagiriya in memory of late Prof. J.N.O. Fernando, the founder of the College of Chemical Sciences. Few others events organized by the Alumni Association in the year 2015 were Career Guidance Programmes, namely; workshop on mock interviews and CV writing.


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1 July
1897: Blind Lemon Jefferson
1915: Willie Dixon
1935: James Cotton
1939: Delaney Bramlett.
1967: The Groove win Hoadley's Battle of the Sounds. The Master's Apprentices are runners up.
2 July
1927: Lee Allen (legendary New Orleans sax player and member of The Blasters)
1969: Brian Jones 'drowned', aged 27.
1959: Elvis Presley recorded 'Hound Dog' and 'Don't Be Cruel' in New York City.
1969: Noel Redding and Mitch Mitchell quit the Jimi Hendrix Experience.
3 July
1893: Mississippi John Hurt
1940: Fontella Bass
1971: Jim Morrison died at 27.
1971: An OZ Obscenity Fund Benefit concert, featuring Traffic and Alexis Korner is held at the Polytechnic of Central London
4 July
1900 – July 6, 1971 Louis Armstrong.
1910 William Thomas 'Champion Jack' Dupree
1943 1970: Al Wilson (Canned Heat).
1969 The Plastic Ono Band release 'Give Peace a Chance'
1976: The Ramones debut UK gig at the Roundhouse
5 July
1913: Overton 'Smiley Lewis' Lemons
1940: Arthur Blythe
1944: Robbie Robertson.
1969: The Rolling Stones plus supports (including King Crimson) give a free concert in Hyde Park in memory of Brian Jones. Mick Taylor performs publicly with them for the first time.
6 July
1925-1981: Bill Haley
1957: John Lennon, aged 17, meets Paul McCartney for the first time at Woolton Parish Hall
1964: The Beatles release their first movie, A Hard Day's Night.
1971: Louis Armstrong dies of heart attack.
1979: Van McCoy dies.
7 July
1913: Joe Willie 'Pinetop' Perkins
1932: Joe Zawinul
1944: Ringo Starr (Richard Starkey)
1965: The Gala Night Of Stars at the Sydney Stadium, starring Bobby and Laurie, Johnny O'Keefe, Billy Thorpe & The Aztecs, The Bee Gees, Max Merritt, The Easybeats and more.
1967: The Beatles' 'All You Need Is Love' is released in Britain. 1969: John and Yoko Lennon unveil the Plastic Ono Band on stage in London.
1985: Live Aid held. Organised by Bob Geldof to aid famine relief in Ethiopia.
8 July
1908: Louis Jordan
1914: Billy Eckstine
1972: Spectrum/Murtceps perform at the TF Much Ballroom, Fitzroy, Melbourne.
1973 The La De Das equipment truck is wrecked in a head-on collision on the Hume Highway on the way to a gig supporting Lindisfarne. Bassist Ronnie Peel and roadie John Brewster are hospitalised and most of the group's equipment is destroyed.
9 July
1929: Lee Hazelwood. (d. 2013)
1959: Marc Almond
10 July
1947: Arlo 'Alice's Restaurant' Guthrie.
1941: Jelly Roll Morton dies.
1965: 'Satisfaction' becomes the Rolling Stones' first Number One US single.
1966: The Easybeats leave Australia for the UK and record 'Friday On My Mind'.
1968: Cream disbands.
1976: Canned Heat play Monash University
11 July
1915: Gough Whitlam (d. 2015)
1959: Suzanne Vega.
1959: Joan Baez makes her first recording.
1985: The Rolling Stones perform their first concerts for eight years.
12 July
1940: Christine McVie.
1962: 'I Can't Stop Loving You', by Ray Charles reaches number one in the UK charts.
1969: Bob Dylan releases 'Lay Lady Lay'.
1975: The US top-selling album was Elton John's Captain Fantastic, the first album to enter the Billboard charts at Number One.
1979: Minnie Riperton dead at 31.
13 July
1931: Long John Hunter
1942: Roger McGuinn, co-founder of the Byrds.
1969: Mick Jagger begins work on his first film, Ned Kelly , in Australia – minus Marianne Faithfull, hospitalised after a drug overdose.
14 July
1912-1967: (Woodrow Wilson) Woody Guthrie
1969: The Fifth Dimension's 'The Age of Aquarius', from the musical Hair, goes gold.
15 July
1923: Philly Joe Jones
1946: Linda Ronstadt.
16 July
1941: Desmond Dekker.
1966: Clapton, Bruce and Baker form Cream
1969: The Beatles' 'The Ballad of John and Yoko' goes gold.
1973: Bob Dylan's soundtrack to Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid released, including 'Knocking on Heaven's Door'.
1981: Harry Chapin dies in car crash, aged 38
17 July
1940: Margie Evans
1941: Spencer Davis.
1959: Billie Holiday dies from a heroin overdose.
1967: Legendary US jazz saxophonist John Coltrane dies of a heart attack
1968: 'Yellow Submarine' premieres in London.
18 July
1929: 'Screamin'' Jay Hawkins.
1939: Dion (di Mucci). Martha Reeves, Brian Auger.
19 July
1947: Bernie Leadon, ex Flying Burrito Bros and Eagles.
1949: Brian May, ex-Queen guitarist.
1975: William "Lefty" Frizzell dies of a stroke.
1987: The final episode of Countdown after 13 years on the ABC.
20 July
1947: Carlos Santana.
1965: Bob Dylan releases 'Like a Rolling Stone'.
1969: Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walk on the moon.
21 July
1949: Cat Stevens (Yusef Islam) (Why do I have to share a birthdate with Cat Stevens?)
1966: The Lovin' Spoonful's 'Do You Believe In Magic?' is released.
1990: On this day Elton John equalled Elvis Presley's record of having US Top 40 hits for 21 consecutive years.
22 July
1969: Led Zeppelin debut LP goes gold.
1977: Elvis Costello releases his first LP My Aim is True.
1979: Little Richard quits rock 'n' roll for religion (again).
1980: Keith Godchaux (Grateful Dead) dies in a car crash
1982 Sonny Stitt dies of cancer at the age of 48
23 July
1944: Andy McKay (Roxy Music)
1945: David Essex.
1955: Slash (Guns 'N Roses).
1983: Tex Morton, dies aged 67.
24 July
1953: Jon Faddis
1964: The Rolling Stones' concert at the Ballroom, Blackpool, causes what is said to be the first riot of their long, illustrious riot-filled career.
1980: Peter Sellers dies, aged 54.
25 July
1942: Bruce (Seekers) Woodley.
1965: Bob Dylan performs electric music for the first time. He is booed off stage at the Newport Folk Festival.
1966: Brian Jones performs his last American concert with the Stones in San Francisco.
1968: First album released from Big Brother & The Holding Company featuring Janis Joplin.
1969: Neil Young joins CSN for the first time in a concert at the Fillmore East.
1984: Willie Mae Thornton dies of a heart attack at the age of 57
26 July
1928: Stanley Kubrick (d.1999)
1943: Mick Jagger
27 July
1944: Bobby Gentry ('Ode to Billy Jo')
28 July
1944-1981: Mike Bloomfield.
1967: Mick Jagger and Keith Richards are released from prison after a hearing before the Lord Chief Justice.
1970: The Australian premiere of Ned Kelly is held in the Victorian country town of Glenrowan.
29 July
1916: Charlie Christian
1965: The Beatles' second film, Help, premieres in London before the Queen.
1974: Mama Cass Elliot dies aged 30.
30 July
1936: George 'Buddy' Guy
1970: The Rolling Stones publicly lose their erstwhile manager Allan Klein.
1983: The Beat split up.
31 July
1907: Roy Milton
1918: Hank Jones
1923: Ahmet Ertegun (Founder of Atlantic Records, chairman of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation).
1948: Russell 'The Real Thing' Morris.
1967: Jim Reeves dies in an air crash, aged 44.
1967: Mick Jagger and Keith Richards successfully appeal their drug convictions.
1968: The Beatles record Hey Jude at the Abbey Rd Studios in London. 1969: The US No.1 LP is from Blood Sweat and Tears. The UK No 1 single is "Honky Tonk Woman" from the Rolling Stones. That's better!
1987: Teddy Wilson dies


text:
Crowned eagle (one of a pair)
Perhaps Workshop of Ippolito Rombaldoni (Italian, active Urbania, Marche, 17th century)
Maiolica ceramics was first developed around 1370 in the Italian regions of Tuscany and Umbria with a refined , white glaze which occurred due to the presence of tin oxide, causing a fine white ash. One of the most appealing styles of pottery ever produced, the tin-glazed pottery was made in Italy during the Renaissance (1300-1700). The early designs dated between 1440 and 1540 were influenced by the pottery imported from Islamic North Africa. After the first firing, the bisque is dipped into a bath of fast drying liquid glaze. When dry, the glazed piece is ready to be hand painted. A final firing at a high temperature about 1690 F makes the glaze interact with the metal oxides in the paint to create brilliant translucent colors.


text: Scientists have had a rough year. The leaked "Climategate" e-mails painted researchers as censorious. The mild H1N1 flu outbreak led to charges that health officials exaggerated the danger to help Big Pharma sell more drugs. And Harvard University investigators found shocking holes in a star professor's data. As policy decisions on climate, energy, health and technology loom large, it's important to ask: How badly have recent events shaken people's faith in science? Does the public still trust scientists?


text:
Brice Family History
14-Day Free Trial
Brice Name Meaning
French, English, and Scottish: from a personal name of Celtic origin (Latinized as Bri(c)tius, Bric(c)ius, or Brixius), which was borne by a 5th-century saint who succeeded St. Martin as bishop of Tours. Consequently, it became a popular given name in France and Germany in the early Middle Ages. It was imported to England and Scotland by the Normans. Welsh: Anglicized form of the patronymic ap Rhys 'son of Rhys' (see Reese).
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names ©2013, Oxford University Press
Similar surnames: Price, Trice, Brick, Grice, Prime, Brace, Bryce, Brich, Bruce, Grace


text:
By removing Clarke from the table, Bush put him in a box where he could speak only when spoken to. No longer would his memos go to the president; instead, they had to pass though a chain of command of national security adviser Condoleezza Rice and her deputy, Stephen Hadley, who bounced each of them back.
Terrorism was a Clinton issue: "soft" and obscure, having something to do with "globalisation", and other trends ridiculed from the Republican party platform. "In January 2001 the new administration really thought Clinton's recommendation that eliminating al-Qaida be one of their highest priorities, well, rather odd, like so many of the Clinton administration's actions, from their perspective," Clarke writes in his new book, Against All Enemies. When Clarke first met Rice and immediately raised the question of dealing with al-Qaida, she "gave me the impression she had never heard the term before".
The controversy raging around Clarke's book and his testimony before the 9/11 commission that Bush ignored warnings about terrorism that might have prevented the attacks revolves around his singularly unimpeachable credibility. In response, Bush has launched an offensive against him, impugning his personal motives, saying he is a disappointed job-hunter, publicity-mad, a political partisan, ignorant, irrelevant - and a liar.
Clarke's reputation in the Clinton White House was that he could be brusque and passionate, but also calm and single-minded. He was a complete professional, who was a master of the bureaucracy. He didn't suffer fools gladly, stood up to superiors and didn't care who he alienated. His flaw was his indispensable virtue: he was direct and candid in telling the unvarnished truth.
But his account need not stand on his reputation alone. Clarke was not the only national security professional who spanned both the Clinton and Bush administrations. General Donald Kerrick served as deputy national security adviser under Clinton and remained on the NSC into the Bush administration. He wrote his replacement, Stephen Hadley, a two-page memo. "It was classified," Kerrick told me. "I said they needed to pay attention to al-Qaida and counterterrorism. I said we were going to be struck again. They never once asked me a question, nor did I see them having a serious discussion about it ... I agree with Dick that they saw those problems through an Iraqi prism. But the evidence, the intelligence, wasn't there."
Rice now claims about terrorism that "we were at battle stations". But Bush is quoted by Bob Woodward in Bush At War as saying that before September 11 "I was not on point ... I didn't feel that sense of urgency". Cheney alleges that Clarke was "out of the loop". But if he was, then the administration was either running a rogue operation or doing nothing, as Clarke testifies.
Bush protests now: "And had my administration had any information that terrorists were going to attack New York City on September 11, we would have acted." But he had plenty of information. The former deputy attorney general, Jamie Gorelick, the only member of the 9/11 commission to read the president's daily brief, revealed in the hearings that the documents "would set your hair on fire" and that the intelligence warnings of al-Qaida attacks "plateaued at a spike level for months" before September 11. Bush is fighting public release of these PDBs, which would show whether he had marked them up and demanded action.
The administration's furious response to Clarke only underscores his book. Rice is vague, forgetful and dissembling. Cheney is belligerent, certain and bluffing. In Clarke's account, as in the memoir of former secretary of the treasury Paul O'Neill, Bush is disengaged, incurious, manipulated by those in the circle around him; he adopts ill-conceived strategies that he has played little or no part in preparing. Bush is the Oz behind the curtain, but unlike the wizard, the special effects are performed by others. Especially on terrorism and September 11, his White House is at "battle stations" to prevent the curtain from being pulled open.
· Sidney Blumenthal is former senior adviser to President Clinton and Washington bureau chief of Salon.com


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Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
575 Broadway
NY-10128 New York
artist / participant
press release
The term "gray area" speaks to a condition of indeterminacy, a liminal state in which something is not clearly defined or perhaps impossible to define. Julie Mehretu (b. 1970, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) adapts such an enigmatic circumstance as a tool to engage the viewer in her complex compositions of meticulously drawn mechanical renderings, spontaneous gestural markings, and colorful interjections. The images seem to exist at a horizon where the work could either plunge into dense obscurity or nearly disappear into an ethereal cloud of dust. Yet a remarkable sense of pictorial space always exists in Mehretu's paintings, created not just by their layering but also by the contrasts inherent in them. What appears abstract from afar is replete with detailed drawing when viewed up close. And just as one is able to glean some bit of information in order to identify a rendering, it vaporizes into an indefinability that compels the viewer to look again and again.
The paintings in this exhibition were produced as the 15th commission of Deutsche Bank and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. Inspired in part by Berlin, the city in which Mehretu created the works, the paintings evoke the psychogeography of a place and the effects of the built environment on individuals, while at the same time contemplating the past and the surviving traces of lived history. Walking through Berlin, where one still encounters the vestiges of war, an American such as Mehretu might recall that such destruction is currently perpetrated in the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. A society at war often does not think of the lasting effects of its actions, and to see memories preserved after decades of recovery is a poignant reminder. These paintings are imbued with the ghostly traces of past and current transformations in the urban landscape.
only in german
Julie Mehretu
Grey Area


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The Human Capital Operational Programme (HCOP), approved by the European Commission's decision from 12th December 2014, aims to contribute to an intelligent, sustainable and inclusive growth and to the economic, social and territorial cohesion. The achievement of the Europe 2020 goals is based on five main objectives:
1. Promotion of academic success and reduction of early school-leaving (ESL);
2. Improvement of employability through the adjustment between supply and demand in the labour market;
3. Increased attractiveness of Higher Education and number of graduates;
4. Improvement of the adult population qualifications;
5. Promoting the quality and regulation of the education and training system.
For this purpose, the HCOP has five funding axes with a financial allocation available
according to the priority of investment:
Axis 1 - Promotion of educational success, tackling early school-leaving
Axis 2 - Increase of higher education and advanced training
Axis 3 - Learning, lifelong learning qualification
Axis 4 - Quality and innovation of the education and training system
Axis 5 - Technical support
The field of "Human Capital" is of the
greatest strategic importance for Portugal, as this return on investment allows
for the correction of structural imbalances that still persist between the
country and the most developed Member States of the European Union (EU), be it
on social inequalities or in economic terms, regarding indicators for
productivity, schooling and competitive specialisation of the economy. A smart
investment on human capital is the most sustainable driving force for the
development and fostering of economic and social convergence.
The Management Authority of the Human Capital
Operational Programme, created by the Portuguese Council of Ministers Resolution n.º 73-B/2014, from 16th
December 2014, is a mission structure in the Central State Administration.
We are organized according to the following structure:
These operational sectors are aided by the
existence of four project teams, with specific functions within the scope of
the OP, in particular the Management Information System, which supports the
development of the information system supporting the Programme, ensuring the
quality of operation of their respective application systems.
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Clique em continuar para aceder a sua área.


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How to Make Beveled Doors
Beveled doors -- also known as 30-degree reverse-bevel doors and slab doors -- are common on cabinets. The beveled edge is cut on the back edge of the door around the perimeter, to allow the door to open and close without handles or knobs. To open the door, you simply place your finger behind the bevel. This type of door is economical and produces a clean, straight face that's easy to clean. The 3/4-inch plywood, beveled cabinet door is one of the most common types of cabinet doors in use today.
Raise the blade on a table saw to 1 inch in height. Tilt the blade to 30 degrees and lock it down.
Clamp the plywood strip on the left side of the fence, 5/8 inch above the table. Place one clamp on each end of the strip, with enough room under them for the door to slide under without touching the them.
Slide the fence over until the tip of the blade just barely touches the plywood strip.
Place the slab door on the table face up, with one side touching the fence. Turn on the saw. Push the door across the saw. The top edge of the door will ride along the bottom edge of the plywood strip, as the blade cuts a beveled edge along the bottom side of the door. A very thin piece of wood will be expelled into the gap under the plywood strip.
Turn the door 1/4 turn and push the next edge over the blade. Turn it two more times, cutting bevels on the remaining two edges. Turn off the saw.
Sand the beveled edges smooth and round the edge using an orbital sander and 100-grit sandpaper.
Finish the door with stain and lacquer. Install one 30-degree reverse-bevel hinge 2 inches from the top edge, and one hinge 2 inches from the bottom edge. Use a drill/driver to screw it to the beveled side using 5/8-inch screws. The door is ready to install on the cabinet.
Things Needed
- Table saw
- Plywood strip, 3/4-by-3-by-32 inches
- Clamps
- Orbital sander
- 100-grit sandpaper
- Stain
- Lacquer
- 30-degree reverse-bevel hinges
- Drill/driver
- 5/8-inch screws
- Never stand behind the thin piece that is produced by the cut. After every door, turn off the saw and use a stick to clean the thin pieces out from under the plywood strip before proceeding. Wear safety glasses.
- Use a test door to get the blade height and measurements correct. When the bevel is correct, cut the bevel on the doors.
- Other products that make ideal beveled doors are hardwood composites with a dense particleboard core.
Photo Credits
- Photodisc/Photodisc/Getty Images


text:
Pitts leads Marshall to C-USA Finals
MEMPHIS, Tenn. (AP) -- Damier Pitts scored 24 points, including 16 in the second half, as Marshall defeated Southern Mississippi 73-62 in the Conference USA semifinals Friday.
Pitts made 7 of 12 shots, including 4 of 6 outside the arc, for sixth-seeded Marshall (21-12), which will play Saturday in its first conference tournament final since the 1997 Southern Conference championship game. The Thundering Herd, which beat Tulsa 105-100 in three overtimes Thursday, will face the winner of Friday's other semifinal between Central Florida and top-seeded Memphis.
DeAndre Kane added 14 points for Marshall, and Dennis Tinnon had 10 points and 13 rebounds.
Southern Mississippi (25-8), the second seed, was led by Angelo Johnson's 24 points. Darnell Dodson added 13.
Marshall shot 54.3 percent (25 of 46), including 9 of 17 (52.9 percent) on 3-pointers. That offset 16 Thundering Herd turnovers, compared to three by the Golden Eagles, who shot 34.2 percent (25 of 73).


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What did you want to be when you grew up? Did you think about being an astronaut? Perhaps at one time, when you were a child you wanted to be a doctor and help tons of sick people or a lawyer and show up to court in expensive suits, winning significant cases.
Really, our entire lives, it is always being embossed upon us how important it is to know what you want to do with your life. As high school students, we are continually told to find out who we're supposed to be, but always being told where we're supposed to be. This is where the pressure gets turned up for the first time for many of us. Some of us have to go to work for the first time, some play sports year round, there are meetings with counselors discussing your future. "What schools have you thought about applying to?" We are bombarded with pre-tests counting for half a school years worth of work, for which most of us are unprepared; there are ACT's, SAT's, extracurricular activity is so very crucial, or so we're told. But somewhere in the midst of all this, you have to find yourself. You have to make up your mind who it is you are supposed to be and stop letting others place the weight of all of their unanswered & unrealized childhood achievements. We all know what happens if you don't; you've heard it a thousand times. Someone or something else will do it for you.
Never once thought even for one minute that I would be where I am, at twenty-nine years old and ten years out of high school. I have a lot of friends that would probably agree with that. A lot of married friends with children of their own and a lot of single friends; some living like me, in or near a big city/metro area, perhaps writing, as a college drop-out, conceivably in a hospital as a nurse or doctor; doing something they can be proud of. Then, of course, there are some living out their lives as part of a small-town community like the one from which we came, making a difference every day even if the only people who are going to see it that particular day are their children or the little league baseball team they coach, or the kids in their class. Lastly, you have the ones who didn't make it long enough to see today. The ones who are forever burned into your memory, even if you try and forget them for the hours of sleep you've lost; then take it back that you ever wished to omit them and come to grips with the fact that they're gone. They're not coming back. They live now only in our hearts, our memories, and in the stories, we'll tell our children, nieces, and nephews about how much their grandfather would have loved them. Or sit around with old friends and talk about how he was much more than a great personality, more than a good team-mate, but a good and a decent person, with heart for days, who shined so brightly even as young as he was taken from us.
I guess my point is that life is short, it goes by like a lightning bolt that you're trying to catch with a baseball mitt. So try and slow it down, every chance you get; and don't let life keep you in a constant hurry. Because no matter how old you are, or what kind of person you are, life is going to throw you curveballs and change-ups. So dig in, sit back in the box, get the one you want, keep your eye on the ball and see it come in slow. No matter if you're taking the pitch, bunting or swinging away.


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Esterhuysen Shares Her Favorite Internet Initiative
When the Internet Hall of Fame asked South African inductee Anriette Esterhuysen to name one of her favorite Internet initiatives, she replied that, "as Africans we care about the Internet, and not only about getting access to it. We also care about how, and by whom, it is governed, and this is precisely where AfriSIG tries to contribute." The African School on Internet Governance (AfriSIG), which was first held in 2013, was created to get African countries to participate in all aspects of Internet Governance -- technical, social and political. Before this, few African countries had established sustainable open and inclusive policy discussion forums where government, civil society, businesses and technical people were able to interact effectively and collaborate to develop consistent national and institutional strategies aimed at mobilising the Internet for economic, social and political cultural development. To date, AfriSIG has yielded 85 graduates from 20 African countries.
Permalink Submitted by Aminou Ndala TITA on July 16, 2015.
The impact of the Internet Goverrnance school in Africa is great. The Alumni are spreading the message everywhere; Nationally, Regional & Internationally. Come to think of it, its just in its second edition---


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With the passage of time the trend of the embroidery over the chiffon fabric is becoming so famous and common among the women. There are many brands and designers who are introducing with the embroidered chiffon collections. Gul Ahmed has just recently introduced with the trendy mid-summer chiffon collection 2014-2015. In this collection three piece unstitched suits have been included i.e. long shirts, trousers and duppattas. All the dresses are unique decorated with the embroidery and lace work. Women can find this collection best for the casual and family gatherings. Colors are painted in the soft and light shades that make the overall collection beautiful. So just scroll down and find out best embroidered chiffon and printed chiffon dresses from Gul Ahmed Mid-Summer Collection 2014.
Gul Ahmed is one of the reputable brands in Pakistan. This brand has earned the huge popularity in just the beginning of its establishment. In every season, this brand has made their collections eye catching with the creative designing and superior use of the fabric. There is no single collection by Gul Ahmed that has not been loved and well-liked by the fashion lovers. They design the collections that suits best for the women of all age groups. Which one of their collection do you like the most?
Midsummer Embroidered Chiffon & Printed Chiffon
Facebook page, follow us on Twitter or add circle on Google+, and leave your comments…! Keep visiting She9 to change your life style.


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Spaldings is excited toannounce the arrival of the new Euroshare M7 fast-fit point to its alreadyextensive product range. These exciting new points from Mlbro are available exclusivelyfrom Spaldings, and will enable farmers to spend more time working the land ratherthan spending hours in their workshops, says the company.
The M7 is designed tominimise downtime by providing a quick and easy bolt-free system of changingplough points in the field. Being a fast-fit system will allow farmers to havean extra set of points in their tractor ready to change immediately withminimum downtime. The assembly of wearing parts has never been easier, the onlytool required is a hammer, it says.
The conical shapes of thepoint and the adaptor allow the quick assembly without the need for boltsresulting in a self-interlocking effect exceeding all previous solutions byfar.
Manufactured from highquality boron steel to ensure a long working life the new point and adaptorwork together perfectly providing optimal soil flow and reducing machinery wear.This exciting new system enables the point to give extra protection to theadaptor extending its life to more than six points. The points are completelyreversible on the adaptor as well as fitting both the left and right hand side.
The M7 fast-fit point adaptorsare available to fit a limited range of plough bodies now, with an extended range becomingavailable from autumn 2014.


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Intensive work calls, sick child at home, and kids' dentist appointment – that was my day today.
I had my aha moment this morning when I realized that all this week I have slept well. A nice deep slumber for 8 hours. I have not had this kind of consistency in sleep pattern in a really long time. I thought it was attributable to the stress associated with the business of adulting (cooking, cleaning, nagging,… etc.). That might still be part of the reason but I think the true culprit is my caffeine intake. For whatever reason, I just assumed that my body is immune to caffeine. That an increased intake would not affect me as much. Apparently not. The amount of sleep I get seems to be indirectly proportional to my caffeine intake. Lesson learnt..!
Today's focus was on nostril breathing three times per day. That is, close one nostril with the thumb, breathe in slowly. Close the other nostril with the pointer and breath out slowly. I did it twice when I was getting stressed out at work. I have to practice more to see if it works or not for me. The way I look at it, atleast it is better than escaping from the situation by surfing, whatsapping, facebooking etc.
Eats – ok. Baked potato for breakfast, quinoa salad for lunch, a long list of snack (green tea, corn on the cob, nuts and raisin, apple), and dinner was split pea soup and grain based bread with home made basil pesto spread. Grapes and fig for dessert.
Hydration – did ok I think. Sleep – 9 hours of fragmented sleep. I liked the one hour of no screen time prior to bedtime. Jogging – 17 mins.
What I am thankful for today?
- TGIF. Amen to that!
- I am thankful that intensive work calls are not the norm in my work life.
- I am thankful that I could afford the luxury of keeping the sick child at home without having to take the day off. I am thankful that the sick child did not hinder my productivity at work.


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March 19, 2018
UW Simpson Center Spring Funding Round: Graduate Research Clusters
Application deadline: April 28, 2018
The Walter Chapin Simpson Center for the Humanities offers funding to support Graduate Research Clusters in order to foster crossdisciplinary collaboration and inquiry among graduate students in the form of cross-departmental reading, screening, and/or discussion groups, dissertation working groups, and other activities. Research clusters may organize activities that draw on local intellectual and cultural resources, including faculty and community leaders.
Funding is limited to $1,000, primarily intended to support meeting or workshop costs (e.g. refreshments or reproductions). The Simpson Center will provide a web presence for the project, an archive for significant activities and documents generated by the group, and scheduling privileges for Simpson Center space. Research clusters may use a portion of their funds to co-sponsor a visiting speaker organized by another campus unit or the Simpson Center, or to organize a specific activity in coordination with such a visit. Clusters are not intended to a support visiting speakers on their own resources alone.
For complete information about this opportunity, including how to apply, click here.


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Beauty IS a Beast is the story of a spoiled princess named Beauty who is beautiful on the outside but ugly on the inside. Her fairy godmother decides to teach her a lesson and turn her inside out. This monologue is from near the end of the play after Beauty has learned her lesson.
For permission to use this monologue, contact email@example.com (please include the title "Without My Beauty" in the request).
by D. M. Larson
Nick, please don't grovel. That's why I liked you. You didn't feel like you had to treat me that way. I'm just a normal peasant girl now.
My stupid fairy godmother did this to me. Correction: My smart fairy godmother. She's made me like cleaning.
(Yells out)
It worked, fairy godmother. It worked! I'm happy not being a beauty.
(Looks at NICK)
I never thought I could live without my beauty, but I guess I can.
Buy a low cost PDF of "Beauty IS a Beast" from CurrClick.com
Read the entire play "Beauty IS a Beast" at this link: https://freedramaplays.blogspot.com/2016/06/beauty-is-beast-free-stage-play-script.html
Buy a low cost PDF of "Beauty IS a Beast" from CurrClick.com
For more free monologues, go to http://www.freedrama.net/small1.html


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EXCLUSIVE: Alice in Chains Answers Your Burning Questions
Plus watch their performance of "Would"
September 28, 2018
When you're a member of a world-famous rock band, you never know when or where you will be recognized, or what a fan will ask you to do. The members of Alice in Chains talked about that, along with their favorite bands right now, the weirdest interpretations of their songs, and the first albums they ever bought.
Related: EXCLUSIVE: Alice In Chains Delivers High-Energy Performances of "Never Fade" + "Red Giant"
During the celebration for their their newly-released album, Rainier Fog, Alice in Chains turned back the clock with a performance of 1992's "Would." You can watch it below:


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Friday 25 January
|Larus (1)
Although rather indistinct in appearance, the grey gull (Larus modestus) is unusual among gulls for nesting in the extremely arid and barren Atacama Desert of northern Chile. Its dark grey plumage is thought to be an adaptation to life in this hot, sunny place, as the melanin (a skin pigment) prevents its feathers from being faded and weakened by the light, while dark colours are better at radiating heat than white, preventing the gull from overheating (3).
Outside the breeding season, the grey gull is largely smoky grey, with a solid brownish hood, paler underparts, and a grey tail with a black band and white tip. The forehead, lores (area between the eye and bill), and a narrow ring around the eye are all white (2) (4), and the flight feathers are blackish with white-tipped secondaries. During the breeding season, the adult grey gull develops a pale head (4).
The grey gull is a medium-sized gull with a slender black bill and black legs (4). Its call is a yelping "kyow" and a growled, rising "grrraaahh", as well as a low moan and shrill cries (5).
Outside of the breeding season, the grey gull disperses along the western coastline of South America, feeding mainly on small crustaceans. It usually feeds on the ground around the wave washed zone of sandy beaches, running back and forth between receding waves (4), but it may also scavenge in harbours and follow fishing boats (6). The grey gull may also forage at sea with other seabirds for schools of fish (4).
The grey gull breeds in large colonies between November and January, when a simple nest is scraped into the sand of the Atacama Desert. Between 1 and 3 eggs are laid and incubated for 29 to 31 days. One adult attends the clutch while the other commutes to the coast after dark to feed, returning to the nest shortly before dawn. Young grey gulls grow slower than any other gull species, and are unable to fly until they reach around 40 days of age (2).
The grey gull is found along the Pacific coastline of South America, ranging from Ecuador and Peru, to central Chile. For many years it was a mystery where this species bred. Courtship behaviours were observed on the Chilean coast, but the location of the nests was unknown. It was not until the 1970s that it was discovered that the grey gull breeds deep into the extremely arid Atacama Desert in northern Chile (3) (6).
Outside of the breeding season, the grey gull is found feeding along rocky coastlines, on sandy beaches and around river mouths and inshore waters. It may fly out to sea to feed, but rarely travels far from the coast.
During the breeding season, the grey gull builds its nest on the ground amongst rocks in barren montane deserts that lack any vegetation and water. This gull commutes up to 100 kilometres each day from the inland colonies to the sea. These deserts have few or no predators making them extremely safe for nesting (2) (3) (4) (5) (6).
The grey gull is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List (1).
Although not currently considered to be threatened with extinction, the grey gull has a relatively small population that is thought to be in decline. Egg collection can be a problem and as many as 30,000 eggs were taken from a single colony during one notable event. However, the remoteness of its breeding habitat should limit the severity of this exploitation. Extreme El Niño events can also cause breeding failures, as they limit the foraging opportunities of breeding birds, leading to malnutrition and starvation (2) (4) (6).
Find out more about bird conservation in the Americas:
More information on the grey gull and other bird species:
This information is awaiting authentication by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. If you are able to help please contact:
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Play the Team WILD game:
Friday 25 January
Friday 05 October
Monday 24 September


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Here is a first mini game I developed using Unity3D during the past few days.
It's pretty much a mix between a FPS and a platformer game.
The 2 first levels are more tutorials than real challenges but you'll have to be "Agile" to achieve a good score on level 3! ^^
Don't expect too much visually, as I only used basic primitives for level design.
You can try the Web Player version (130 Ko).
Can't wait for your feedbacks!
Edit : opened a thread on Unity3D "showcase" forum:


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Weld-On #4SC Acrylic Plastic Cement Glue
|Product Features:
Weld -On 4 is a water-thin, somewhat flammable cement formulated to quickly develop very clear and high strength bonds for many thermoplastic substrates. The bond is achieved by first softening the surfaces to be joined and then fusing them together with the dissipation of the solvent. The initial bond forms within a matter of minutes and is followed by a significant and continual increase in bond strength over the next several hours. WELD-ON 4 may be preferred by some plastic fabricators because it is less likely to leave white marks (commonly called blushing).


text: In Review: The Sound of Q-dance Los Angeles Noah KlineThursday, November 20, 2014Bass MusicHardstyleReviews0 Comments Last weekend, I got the chance to experience The Sound of Q-dance in Los Angeles. Now, I may not follow hardstyle as religiously as the people who do often attend these events, I figured I couldn't pass up an opportunity to experience one of Q-dance's events. The company that put this event on is world renown for their unbelievable production, incredible energy, wonderful fans, and massive sound systems. When we arrived at the massive Shrine Auditorium, every parking lot in the neighborhood was absolutely full, something I had never seen for this venue. It was an exciting precedent, as it was still pretty early in the evening. I was entirely unprepared for what I saw when I entered the actual venue. The team at Q-dance had put together one of the most mindblowing productions I had ever seen. There was a massive three level LED screen system, countless moving head lights, fire effects, the most lasers I had ever seen in a single event, confetti and streamers constantly being shot into the crowd, and a sound system that rattled your soul. The theme for the evening seemed to be a haunted carnival, with a large, animated, creepy clown head watching over attendees throughout the evening. The first few acts were very well received, but the energy shifted into overdrive when Coone hit the decks. Every single person in the crowd was moving from the beginning to end of his set while going absolutely crazy for the incredible light show that accompanied his music. Coone set the bar for the evening, but Zatox absolutely destroyed it from the moment he played his first song. The theme changed from the blue haunted carnival to a red and black underworld, reminiscent of a worn-down hell. The energy was instantly transformed to a harder, darker form. Zatox went on to drop some hard-hitting tracks, the most notable of which were hardstyle remixes of 'Epic,' 'Zombie Nation,' 'Eat, Sleep, Rave, Repeat,' and closing out the night with a song off his new album called 'New World Order' accompanied with live vocals. Overall, this was one of the most overwhelmingly impressive events I have ever attended. Q-dance was incredibly thorough in their massive production and selection of artists, and it absolutely paid off. Every attendee left The Sound of Q-dance absolutely worn out from moving for six straight hours, but with a smile plastered on their faces. Stay tuned for the next episode in The Sound of Q-dance; this is absolutely one event you cannot miss.