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By Phil Leitner
One of the more remarkable denizens of the California desert is a small brown ground squirrel. About 9 inches from nose to tip of tail, the Mohave ground squirrel (Spermophilus mohavensis) is found only in the western Mojave Desert. Their sophisticated desert survival skills allow them to avoid the extremes of the hostile climate. Hard to find and even more difficult to observe and study, these rare and elusive little rodents have baffled biologists over the years. Now, new efforts are underway to discover their habitat requirements and determine their conservation status.
We do know that Mohave ground squirrels are active only in the spring and summer, when they feed eagerly on the leaves and seeds of native shrubs and annual plants. As the desert dries out in June and July, they fatten in preparation for a long period of dormancy. By midsummer they curl up in their underground nests and allow body temperature, heart rate, and metabolism to fall drastically. In this physiological state, they can survive on stored body fat until the winter rains bring a new flush of green vegetation.
Mohave ground squirrels begin to emerge from their burrows in February, when the males may travel up to a mile per day in search of mates. The success of these amorous excursions becomes evident by the end of March, when litters of 6-9 young are born. The babies grow quickly and are weaned by early May. In just a few weeks, they are ready to set off in search of their own patch of desert. Young Mohave ground squirrels disperse in late May and early June. Often they move in next door to their mother's home range, but some, especially the young males, can move up to four miles before settling down.
In the Mojave Desert, it is not unusual for the winter rains to fail, creating hard times for all desert wildlife. Mohave ground squirrels have their own approach to coping with drought. If the total winter rainfall is under three inches, they simply don't reproduce. All available forage is converted to body fat and they can enter dormancy as early as April. Better to try again next year than to give birth to young who probably won't survive and jeopardize your own chances of putting on enough fat to make it through dormancy. As a result, Mohave ground squirrel numbers decline precipitously after a low rainfall year and two successive years of drought can lead to the extinction of local populations. After a couple of good years, dispersing young may recolonize these areas.
The Mohave ground squirrel has long been listed as Threatened under the California Endangered Species Act. In spite of its protected status, little is known of its habitat needs or even where it still occurs. In many areas within its historic range, there are no recent records. This information is essential to the development of a conservation strategy for the species. The Desert Tortoise Preserve Committee is currently taking the lead in a new research effort, with funding from the California Energy Commission. Field studies began this spring in the Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area, the Pilot Knob Grazing Allotment, and the Kramer Hills to locate populations for long-term ecological study. Much more work will be needed to clear up the mysteries surrounding the Mohave ground squirrel and to assure it a secure future in the Mojave Desert ecosystem.
Source: Tortoise Tracks 19:2 Summer 1999


text: The ideal training bike to prepare for the real thing, this balance bike is designed for kids over 3 years old or 90 cm tall. It has a low step-through and platform, an adjustable saddle as well as an adjustable and gripped handlebar to allow comfortable and safe riding. The solid steel frame is in Chili Red and the Black handlebar has a MINI Signet pattern, and together with the White MINI Wing Logo on the crash pad and the White rims they emphasise the unique MINI design.

subset: commoncrawl


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Reviewed by Rel Mollet
An Eye for An Eye by Irene Hannon
"You will be hooked from the first chapter with an explosive start, followed by brilliant pacing through the rest of the story with the perfect balance of suspense, action and romance."
Having a sniper disrupt an unexpected reunion with his teenage sweetheart was the last thing Special Agent Mark Sanders anticipated. For it to happen while he was on enforced leave from his FBI Hostage Rescue Team after his involvement in a tragic shooting impacts him more than he is willing to admit.
Emily Lawson has immersed herself in work over the past five years, with little time for socializing, let alone pursuing a relationship. Mark's sudden reappearance in her life revives tender memories of their summer romance twenty years earlier, but her heartbreaking loss in the intervening period ensures Emily won't open the door to anything more than friendship.
Hidden, meticulous and out for vengeance, a stalker has a victim in mind, but will Mark and the FBI decipher the clues before the killer tries again?
Irene Hannon's decision to turn her rather experienced hand to romantic suspense, is one readers will be ever grateful for. Establishing her credentials in the first Heroes of Quantico novel, Against All Odds, she has left no doubt as to her talent with An Eye for An Eye. You will be hooked from the first chapter with an explosive start, followed by brilliant pacing through the rest of the story with the perfect balance of suspense, action and romance. The stalker and the target remain ambiguous throughout much of the story, providing plenty of engagement for the reader and a well drawn and developed antagonist. The faith element is direct and honest and a key element of the tale. My only disappointment is the long wait until Special Agent Nick Bradley's story, In Harm's Way, releasing in April, 2010!
Rel Mollet is a lawyer, wife and mother of three young daughters and lives in Melbourne, Australia. Reading has been her passion since childhood. She is a Book Club Co-ordinator and has her own website ~ relzreviewz ~ dedicated to reviews and author interviews with the sole aim to support authors writing from a Christian worldview. She believes Sir Francis Bacon's (1561 - 1626) creed, "Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body".


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Is the AHOY Centre a club?
No – we are a watersports based charity changing people's lives and building life-skills through sailing and rowing. Our registered Charity Number is: 1084122.
Our primary objective is giving opportunities for disadvantaged and at-risk youths plus offering opportunities for disabled people to participate in activities and courses on an equal level. We bring together people from many walks of life to work together as a community helping others and all our activities and programmes are focussed on teaching transferable and employable skills.
Our activities help to break down social barriers and provide the opportunity to teach and train people to develop essential life-skills, self-confidence and pride. There is a major focus on teamwork and personal development and through our existing and future courses and activities we provide the opportunity to build self-esteem, confidence and offer training vital to finding employment
Alongside this we promote a healthy lifestyle and the opportunity for the local community to participate in water activities not usually accessible in this area of London by using London's greatest natural resource – the river Thames!
Are your courses and qualifications recognised?
Yes we are a RYA (Royal Yachting Association) Training & Sailability Centre, BR (British Rowing) Centre and an Open Awards Centre.
Our activities take place on the river Thames so our qualifications also include coastal endorsements.


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In spite of the fact that Zingtree has some really great ways to build interactive decision trees, we still get a lot of requests for making the process of creating trees even easier. Many people are particularly comfortable working inside their favorite spreadsheet program, so we've created an easy way to use Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets to create new decision trees.
Once imported, the Zingtree editing and management tools can be used to refine and enhance your trees.
Here's how our tutorial example appears in Google Sheets:
Details on this new feature:
Note that the same process for importing from Excel or Sheets can be used to import any tab delimited CSV file from any other program.
Other Updates
- Update: Added ##ALL DATA## as a template for showing a summary of all data entry fields collected (h/t Sebastian, Logan). Details here.
- Update: Added custom date range shortcut option to All Agents report. (h/t Allen J.).
- Fix: Changing organization in All Agents report works properly now.
- Fix: Restart function in older Zendesk Agent Scripting app installations now works properly again (Jamel).
- Fix: Editing nodes from subtrees while using Preview now works properly (Jamel).
- Update: Preview no longer automatically scrolls to the top of content.
- Fix: Scoring uses numeric value of variables, not string value (Matt B.).
- Update: All Agent report link added to My Agents page(Allen J.).
- Update: Agent report now has quick date links.
Can we make your tree creating experience even easier? Just let us know!


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10 Easy Things You Can Do to Burn Extra Calories During the Holidays
It's the most wonderful time of the year (even if your jeans disagree). Incorporate these ideas into your holiday to-do list for a bonus calorie burn when you don't have time for a full workout.
Sure, the holidays might be a mad dash of shopping, food, and family, but that doesn't mean you have to bail on your fitness goals (or feel guilty for sneaking one-okay, two spoonfuls of cookie dough). And since all those errands and glasses of wine aren't going to finish themselves, here are a few quick ways to burn some calories without a single trip to the gym.
1. Up your tree decorating game.
Transform this leisurely family activity into a calorie-burning opportunity by taking advantage of every chance to get moving. "Putting up the lights, walking back and forth to the ornament boxes, squatting to reach lower branches, and standing on my tippy toes to secure the star means I'm usually on my feet for about an hour," says Autumn Calabrese, celebrity trainer and creator of the 21 Day Fix. "When you're finished, treat yourself to a cup of cocoa and enjoy your work."
2. Trade in your shopping cart for a basket.
Carrying a full basket of groceries during a 45-minute shopping trip can burn around 120 calories, says Kathleen Donnelly, yoga instructor and owner of NRTR Yoga in New York. Feeling ambitious? Throw in a few biceps curls. "Remember to keep core muscles engaged, plug the shoulders into their sockets, and roll them back away from the ears," she says. "You'll not only be strengthening your core but protecting your back and shoulders from pain."
3. Shake it (it being your groove thang).
Dancing is a surefire way to get your blood pumping and put you in a better mood, says Beachbody master trainer Susanna Kalnes. Plus, you can dance doing almost any holiday task-cooking, decorating, and-bonus "holiday spirit" points-caroling. "It may sound silly, but it is so much fun–particularly if you have kids in the family." May we suggest this 45-minute holiday playlist to get you started?
4. Get in those extra steps.
Whether you're tackling a holiday shopping list or making a last-minute run for cookie ingredients, put a little pep in your step. Meandering through the aisles won't do much for you, but picking up the pace during your errands can burn anywhere from 200 to 450 calories and boost your heart rate. Better yet, bring a friend and turn it into a challenge. "See who can get the most steps and find opportunities to walk a little farther," says Jason Tran, a trainer at SWERVE in New York City. "Try parking a few blocks away from stores or racing friends to the car."
5. Help out with holiday chores.
Whether it's helping chop firewood for a cozy night in or doing your parents a solid by shoveling the driveway, participating in annoying Yuletide chores can burn about 150 calories per activity, says Angela Lemond, R.D.N., owner of Lemond Nutrition. Plus, you can turn work into play by picking a snowball fight or building a snowman once the hard part is done.
6. Pick up the phone.
Time to stop avoiding that phone call to your Aunt Helen who asks way too many questions about why you're still single. You can cover about a mile just by pacing during a 20-minute call, says Calabrese. That's an extra 100 calories-poof-gone. And speaking of family matters, here's how to avoid family fighting over politics this holiday season.
7. Be a good houseguest.
Part of the allure of the holidays is getting to lounge on the couch while loved ones serve up endless dishes of delicious food. However, instead of going full-on sloth, try lending a hand to your host (cough, mom). "Insist that you help with the process," says Kalnes. Set the table, answer the door and take coats, serve drinks, help clean up. "All of this movement is not only helpful to the hostess, but it also keeps you moving-which burns calories." Even if it's not much, it's certainly more activity than melting into the couch cushions.
8. Start a new family tradition.
If your neighbors risked falling off a ladder to put up some seriously impressive lights, you owe it to them to admire their handiwork. Round up the family to go check out decorations around your neighborhood, says Lemond-but the trick is to leave the car at home. Even better if you schedule the stroll right after a big meal, which can boost your metabolism and ease that so-stuffed-I-might-explode feeling.
9. Rethink "made from scratch."
Does a recipe call for handfuls of shredded cheese (yes please!)? A cup of lemon juice? Try shredding or juicing by hand, suggests Donnelly. "Another great swap is hand-whisking whipped cream or cookie batter instead of using an electric mixer. It's a great excuse to make food truly 'homemade,' plus whatever you make will taste even better." If your arms aren't burning after all those stirring you'll at least get to work on your grip strength-holding on to that wooden spoon while it digs through thick, sticky, dough gets tough 5 minutes in. (See how increasing your grip strength can improve your workouts.)
10. Make couch potato-ing an art form.
When all else fails, and you find yourself snuggled up on the couch watching A Christmas Story for the third time in a row, give facial yoga a try. It might look a little weird (okay, a lot weird...), but face exercises can tone muscles in the face and fight wrinkles, giving you a youthful holiday glow, says Annelise Hagen, yoga instructor and author of Yoga Face. Here are two moves to try (keeping in mind to go at your own pace):
Laughter Pose
Take a deep breath in and silently laugh as you exhale. Make it big, like a pantomime of Santa laughing his jolliest ho-ho-ho. The exercise engages core muscles and smooths out lines caused by frowning-and you'll end up feeling the holiday spirit from head to toe. Repeat up to three times.
Named for Louis Armstrong and those well-defined cheeks from all that wailing on the trumpet, this move is designed to tone and smooth skin on the face. Begin by inhaling through the nose. Pass air from left cheek to right cheek, as if you were slowly swishing with mouthwash. Exhale through the nose and repeat two more times.


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This was published 17 years ago
Lawyer claims Oldfield website vilifies Muslims
A Melbourne lawyer is trying to shut down a website linked to the NSW One Nation MLC David Oldfield, claiming it vilifies Muslims.
Coburg solicitor Hisam Sidaoui is taking Mr Oldfield to the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT) over muslimterrorists.com, arguing it breaches the state's Racial and Religious Tolerance Act.
In return, Mr Oldfield has accused Mr Sidaoui of being "vexatious and frivolous" and filed to have the case dismissed.
Mr Sidaoui said he decided to act on behalf of all Victorians because the website was "overtly offensive" and "vilifying in all aspects".
The website quotes "one particular Australian" saying: "The biggest mistake a person can make is to think Muslims are people just like us - they are nothing like us".
Page headings include "Islamic Terror in Australia", "Muslim racists calling the kettle black" and "Muslim prayer breaks thin edge of the wedge".
"There's one part that says there's a higher rate of birth defects in Sydney's inner-western suburbs (where there is a large Muslim population)," Mr Sidaoui said.
"What's he saying, that Muslims are genetically inferior?"
Another page has a preface saying the website "does not intend to take a position, but rather, open matters for the expression of the views of readers".
Mr Oldfield, who said he and One Nation were no longer associated with the site "but stood by everything on it", challenged Mr Sidaoui to prove anything on it was false.
He said the site was designed to inform Australians about Islam and terrorism.
"Mr Sidaoui thinks the Australian government, the United States government, the British government and the Israeli government are terrorists," he said.
"I suppose that's a presumption on my behalf but that's my experience - that he's an Islamic activist, not a terrorist, on behalf of the Islamic cause."
Mr Sidaoui said he was confident the website contravened the state's Racial and Religious Tolerance Act, introduced early last year.
He said Mr Oldfield reflected this by adding a disclaimer, warning that people viewing the site in Victoria may be breaking the law, after learning of the legal threat.
"I want an apology on that website and some sort of compensation. I want him to give money to a Muslim charity," Mr Sidaoui said.
Mr Oldfield said the case would be watched with interest by people working with the internet.
"I think it's very strange to have a state-based law that is enacted against people who have not acted in that state," he said.
"Mr Sidaoui doesn't have to look at the site. If he is so offended by it, why does he keep looking at it?"
The case goes before VCAT on August 28.


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Please note: Image provided is a universal Shoei visor for display purposes only.
Related Products
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Shoei.com.au is an online retailer based in Sydney, Australia. We are not the Shoei Distributor. McLeod Accessories are the official and exclusive Australian Shoei Distributor.


text: Signal and Power Isolated RS-485 Transceiver with ±15 kV ESD Protection ADM2582E/ADM2587E FEATURES FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM VCC VISOOUT isoPower DC-TO-DC CONVERTER OSCILLATOR RECTIFIER VISOIN REGULATOR DIGITAL ISOLATION iCoupler TRANSCEIVER Y TxD ENCODE DECODE D Z DE ENCODE DECODE RxD DECODE ENCODE A R B ADM2582E/ADM2587E RE GND1 ISOLATION BARRIER GND2 08111-001 Isolated RS-485/RS-422 transceiver, configurable as half or full duplex isoPower® integrated isolated dc-to-dc converter ±15 kV ESD protection on RS-485 input/output pins Complies with ANSI/TIA/EIA-485-A-98 and ISO 8482:1987(E) ADM2582E data rate: 16 Mbps ADM2587E data rate: 500 kbps 5 V or 3.3 V operation Connect up to 256 nodes on one bus Open- and short-circuit, fail-safe receiver inputs High common-mode transient immunity: >25 kV/μs Thermal shutdown protection Safety and regulatory approvals (pending) UL recognition: 2500 V rms for 1 minute per UL 1577 VDE Certificates of Conformity DIN V VDE V 0884-10 (VDE V 0884-10):2006-12 VIORM = 560 V peak Operating temperature range: −40°C to +85°C Highly integrated, 20-lead, wide-body SOIC package Figure 1. APPLICATIONS Isolated RS-485/RS-422 interfaces Industrial field networks Multipoint data transmission systems GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ADM2582E/ADM2587E are fully integrated signal and power isolated data transceivers with ±15 kV ESD protection and are suitable for high speed communication on multipoint transmission lines. The ADM2582E/ADM2587E include an integrated isolated dc-to-dc power supply, which eliminates the need for an external dc-to-dc isolation block. They are designed for balanced transmission lines and comply with ANSI/TIA/EIA-485-A-98 and ISO 8482:1987(E). The devices integrate Analog Devices, Inc., iCoupler® technology to combine a 3-channel isolator, a three-state differential line driver, a differential input receiver, and Analog Devices isoPower dc-todc converter into a single package. The devices are powered by a single 5 V or 3.3 V supply, realizing a fully integrated signal and power isolated RS-485 solution. The ADM2582E/ADM2587E driver has an active high enable. An active low receiver enable is also provided that causes the receiver output to enter a high impedance state when disabled. The devices have current limiting and thermal shutdown features to protect against output short circuits and situations where bus contention may cause excessive power dissipation. The parts are fully specified over the industrial temperature range and are available in a highly integrated, 20-lead, widebody SOIC package. The ADM2582E/ADM2587E contain isoPower technology that uses high frequency switching elements to transfer power through the transformer. Special care must be taken during printed circuit board (PCB) layout to meet emissions standards. Refer to Application Note AN-0971, Control of Radiated Emissions with isoPower Devices, for details on board layout considerations. Rev. 0 Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2009 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. ADM2582E/ADM2587E TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Test Circuits ..................................................................................... 12 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 Switching Characteristics .............................................................. 13 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 Circuit Description......................................................................... 14 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Signal Isolation ........................................................................... 14 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Power Isolation ........................................................................... 14 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Truth Tables................................................................................. 14 ADM2582E Timing Specifications ............................................ 4 Thermal Shutdown .................................................................... 14 ADM2587E Timing Specifications ............................................ 4 Open- and Short-Circuit, Fail-Safe Receiver Inputs.............. 14 ADM2582E/ADM2587E Package Characteristics ................... 4 DC Correctness and Magnetic Field Immunity........................... 15 ADM2582E/ADM2587E Regulatory Information .................. 5 Applications Information .............................................................. 16 ADM2582E/ADM2587E Insulation and Safety-Related Specifications ................................................................................ 5 PCB Layout ................................................................................. 16 ADM2582E/ADM2587E VDE 0884 Insulation Characteristics (Pending) ............................................................ 5 Insulation Lifetime ..................................................................... 16 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 6 ESD Caution .................................................................................. 6 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ............................. 7 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 8 EMI Considerations ................................................................... 16 Isolated Power Supply Considerations .................................... 17 Typical Applications ................................................................... 19 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 20 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 20 REVISION HISTORY 9/09—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 20 ADM2582E/ADM2587E SPECIFICATIONS All voltages are relative to their respective ground; 3.0 ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5 V. All minimum/maximum specifications apply over the entire recommended operation range, unless otherwise noted. All typical specifications are at TA = 25°C, VCC = 5 V unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter ADM2587E SUPPLY CURRENT Data Rate ≤ 500 kbps Symbol ICC ADM2582E SUPPLY CURRENT Data Rate = 16 Mbps ICC ISOLATED SUPPLY VOLTAGE DRIVER Differential Outputs Differential Output Voltage, Loaded VISOUT Δ|VOD| for Complementary Output States Common-Mode Output Voltage Δ|VOC| for Complementary Output States Short-Circuit Output Current Output Leakage Current (Y, Z) Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions 120 mA mA mA mA mA VCC = 3.3 V, 100 Ω load between Y and Z VCC = 5 V, 100 Ω load between Y and Z VCC = 3.3 V, 54 Ω load between Y and Z VCC = 5 V, 54 Ω load between Y and Z 120 Ω load between Y and Z 150 230 mA mA 120 Ω load between Y and Z 54 Ω load between Y and Z 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.2 3.0 0.2 200 30 V V V V V V mA μA RL = 100 Ω (RS-422), see Figure 23 RL = 54 Ω (RS-485), see Figure 23 −7 V ≤ VTEST1 ≤ 12 V, see Figure 24 RL = 54 Ω or 100 Ω, see Figure 23 RL = 54 Ω or 100 Ω, see Figure 23 RL = 54 Ω or 100 Ω, see Figure 23 90 72 125 98 |VOD2| |VOD3| Δ|VOD| VOC Δ|VOC| IOS IO 3.3 2.0 1.5 1.5 −30 Logic Inputs DE, RE, TxD Input Threshold Low Input Threshold High Input Current RECEIVER Differential Inputs Differential Input Threshold Voltage Input Voltage Hysteresis Input Current (A, B) Line Input Resistance Logic Outputs Output Voltage Low Output Voltage High Short-Circuit Current COMMON-MODE TRANSIENT IMMUNITY 1 1 μA VIL VIH II 0.3 × VCC −10 0.01 VTH VHYS II −200 −125 15 0.7 × VCC 10 −30 125 RIN −100 96 VOL VOH VCC − 0.3 0.2 VCC − 0.2 0.4 100 25 DE = 0 V, RE = 0 V, VCC = 0 V or 3.6 V, VIN = 12 V DE = 0 V, RE = 0 V, VCC = 0 V or 3.6 V, VIN = −7 V V V μA DE, RE, TxD DE, RE, TxD DE, RE, TxD mV mV μA μA kΩ −7 V < VCM < +12 V VOC = 0 V DE = 0 V, VCC = 0 V or 3.6 V, VIN = 12 V DE = 0 V, VCC = 0 V or 3.6 V, VIN = -7 V −7 V < VCM < +12 V V V mA kV/μs IO = 1.5 mA, VA − VB = −0.2 V IO = −1.5 mA, VA − VB = 0.2 V VCM = 1 kV, transient magnitude = 800 V CM is the maximum common-mode voltage slew rate that can be sustained while maintaining specification-compliant operation. VCM is the common-mode potential difference between the logic and bus sides. The transient magnitude is the range over which the common-mode is slewed. The common-mode voltage slew rates apply to both rising and falling common-mode voltage edges. Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 20 ADM2582E/ADM2587E ADM2582E TIMING SPECIFICATIONS TA = −40°C to +85°C. Table 2. Parameter DRIVER Maximum Data Rate Propagation Delay, Low to High Propagation Delay, High to Low Output Skew Rise Time/Fall Time Enable Time Disable Time RECEIVER Propagation Delay, Low to High Propagation Delay, High to Low Output Skew 1 Enable Time Disable Time 1 Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions tDPLH tDPHL tSKEW tDR, tDF tZL, tZH tLZ, tHZ 63 64 1 100 100 8 15 120 150 Mbps ns ns ns ns ns ns RL = 54 Ω, CL1 = C L2 = 100 pF, see Figure 25 and Figure 29 RL = 54 Ω, CL1 = C L2 = 100 pF, see Figure 25 and Figure 29 RL = 54 Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100 pF, see Figure 25 and Figure 29 RL = 54 Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100 pF, see Figure 25 and Figure 29 RL = 110 Ω, CL = 50 pF, see Figure 26 and Figure 31 RL = 110 Ω, CL = 50 pF, see Figure 26 and Figure 31 tRPLH tRPHL tSKEW tZL, tZH tLZ, tHZ 94 95 1 110 110 12 15 15 ns ns ns ns ns CL = 15 pF, see Figure 27 and Figure 30 CL = 15 pF, see Figure 27 and Figure 30 CL = 15 pF, see Figure 27 and Figure 30 RL = 1 kΩ, CL = 15 pF, see Figure 28 and Figure 32 RL = 1 kΩ, CL = 15 pF, see Figure 28 and Figure 32 Typ Max Unit Test Conditions 503 510 7 700 700 100 1100 2.5 200 kbps ns ns ns ns μs ns RL = 54 Ω, CL1 = C L2 = 100 pF, see Figure 25 and Figure 29 RL = 54 Ω, CL1 = C L2 = 100 pF, see Figure 25 and Figure 29 RL = 54 Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100 pF, see Figure 25 and Figure 29 RL = 54 Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100 pF, see Figure 25 and Figure 29 RL = 110 Ω, CL = 50 pF, see Figure 26 and Figure 31 RL = 110 Ω, CL = 50 pF, see Figure 26 and Figure 31 91 95 4 200 200 30 15 15 ns ns ns ns ns CL = 15 pF, see Figure 27 and Figure 30 CL = 15 pF, see Figure 27 and Figure 30 CL = 15 pF, see Figure 27 and Figure 30 RL = 1 kΩ, CL = 15 pF, see Figure 28 and Figure 32 RL = 1 kΩ, CL = 15 pF, see Figure 28 and Figure 32 16 Guaranteed by design. ADM2587E TIMING SPECIFICATIONS TA = −40°C to +85°C. Table 3. Parameter DRIVER Maximum Data Rate Propagation Delay, Low to High Propagation Delay, High to Low Output Skew Rise Time/Fall Time Enable Time Disable Time RECEIVER Propagation Delay, Low to High Propagation Delay, High to Low Output Skew Enable Time Disable Time Symbol tDPLH tDPHL tSKEW tDR, tDF tZL, tZH tLZ, tHZ tRPLH tRPHL tSKEW tZL, tZH tLZ, tHZ Min 500 250 250 200 ADM2582E/ADM2587E PACKAGE CHARACTERISTICS Table 4. Parameter Resistance (Input-to-Output) 1 Capacitance (Input-to-Output)1 Input Capacitance 2 Input IC Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance Symbol RI-O CI-O CI θJCI Output IC Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance θJCO 1 2 Min Typ 1012 3 4 33 Max 28 Device considered a 2-terminal device: short together Pin 1 to Pin 10 and short together Pin 11 to Pin 20. Input capacitance is from any input data pin to ground. Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 20 Unit Ω pF pF °C/W °C/W Test Conditions f = 1 MHz Thermocouple located at center of package underside Thermocouple located at center of package underside ADM2582E/ADM2587E ADM2582E/ADM2587E REGULATORY INFORMATION Table 5. Pending ADM2582E/ADM2587E Approvals Organization UL VDE Approval Type To be recognized under the Component Recognition Program of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. To be certified according to DIN V VDE V 0884-10 (VDE V 0884-10):2006-12 Notes In accordance with UL 1577, each ADM2582E/ADM2587E is proof tested by applying an insulation test voltage ≥ 3000 V rms for 1 second. In accordance with VDE 0884-10, each ADM2582E/ADM2587E is proof tested by applying an insulation test voltage ≥ 1050 VPEAK for 1 second. ADM2582E/ADM2587E INSULATION AND SAFETY-RELATED SPECIFICATIONS Table 6. Parameter Rated Dielectric Insulation Voltage Minimum External Air Gap (Clearance) Symbol L(I01) Value 2500 >8.0 Unit V rms mm Minimum External Tracking (Creepage) L(I02) >8.0 mm Minimum Internal Gap (Internal Clearance) Tracking Resistance (Comparative Tracking Index) Isolation Group CTI 0.017 min >175 IIIa mm V Conditions 1-minute duration Measured from input terminals to output terminals, shortest distance through air Measured from input terminals to output terminals, shortest distance along body Insulation distance through insulation DIN IEC 112/VDE 0303-1 Material Group (DIN VDE 0110: 1989-01, Table 1) ADM2582E/ADM2587E VDE 0884 INSULATION CHARACTERISTICS (PENDING) This isolator is suitable for basic electrical isolation only within the safety limit data. Maintenance of the safety data must be ensured by means of protective circuits. Table 7. Description CLASSIFICATIONS Installation Classification per DIN VDE 0110 for Rated Mains Voltage ≤150 V rms ≤300 V rms ≤400 V rms Climatic Classification Pollution Degree VOLTAGE Maximum Working Insulation Voltage Input-to-Output Test Voltage Method b1 Method a After Environmental Tests, Subgroup 1 After Input and/or Safety Test, Subgroup 2/Subgroup 3 Highest Allowable Overvoltage SAFETY-LIMITING VALUES Case Temperature Input Current Output Current Insulation Resistance at TS Conditions Symbol Characteristic Unit I to IV I to III I to II 40/85/21 2 DIN VDE 0110, see Table 1 VIORM VPR 560 V peak VIORM × 1.875 = VPR, 100% production tested, tm = 1 sec, partial discharge < 5 pC 1050 V peak VIORM × 1.6 = VPR, tm = 60 sec, partial discharge < 5 pC VIORM × 1.2 = VPR, tm = 60 sec, partial discharge < 5 pC 896 672 V peak V peak VTR 4000 V peak TS IS, INPUT IS, OUTPUT RS 150 265 335 >109 °C mA mA Ω Transient overvoltage, tTR = 10 sec Maximum value allowed in the event of a failure VIO = 500 V Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 20 ADM2582E/ADM2587E ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. All voltages are relative to their respective ground. Table 8. Parameter VCC Digital Input Voltage (DE, RE, TxD) Digital Output Voltage (RxD) Driver Output/Receiver Input Voltage Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range ESD (Human Body Model) on A, B, Y, and Z pins ESD (Human Body Model) on Other Pins Lead Temperature Soldering (10 sec) Vapor Phase (60 sec) Infrared (15 sec) Rating −0.5 V to +7 V −0.5 V to VDD + 0.5 V −0.5 V to VDD + 0.5 V −9 V to +14 V −40°C to +85°C −55°C to +150°C ±15 kV ±2 kV Table 9. Maximum Continuous Working Voltage1 Parameter AC Voltage Bipolar Waveform Max Unit Reference Standard 424 V peak 50-year minimum lifetime Unipolar Waveform Basic Insulation 600 V peak 560 V peak Maximum approved working voltage per IEC 60950-1 (pending) Maximum approved working voltage per IEC 60950-1 and VDE V 0884-10 (pending) 600 V peak 560 V peak Reinforced Insulation DC Voltage Basic Insulation 260°C 215°C 220°C Reinforced Insulation Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 1 Maximum approved working voltage per IEC 60950-1(pending) Maximum approved working voltage per IEC 60950-1 and VDE V 0884-10 (pending) Refers to continuous voltage magnitude imposed across the isolation barrier. See the Insulation Lifetime section for more details. ESD CAUTION Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 20 ADM2582E/ADM2587E PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS GND1 1 20 GND2 VCC 2 RxD 4 RE 5 DE 6 TxD 7 VCC 8 ADM2582E ADM2587E 18 A 17 B 16 GND2 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 15 Z 14 GND2 13 Y GND1 9 12 VISOOUT GND1 10 11 GND2 NOTES 1. PIN 12 AND PIN 19 MUST BE CONNECTED EXTERNALLY. 08111-002 GND1 3 19 VISOIN Figure 2. Pin Configuration Table 10. Pin Function Description Pin No. 1 2 Mnemonic GND1 VCC 3 4 GND1 RxD 5 RE 6 7 8 DE TxD VCC 9 10 11 12 GND1 GND1 GND2 VISOOUT 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Y GND2 Z GND2 B A VISOIN 20 GND2 Description Ground, Logic Side. Logic Side Power Supply. It is recommended that a 0.1 μF and a 10 μF decoupling capacitor be fitted between Pin 2 and Pin 1. Ground, Logic Side. Receiver Output Data. This output is high when (A − B) > 200 mV and low when (A − B) < –200 mV. The output is tristated when the receiver is disabled, that is, when RE is driven high. Receiver Enable Input. This is an active-low input. Driving this input low enables the receiver; driving it high disables the receiver. Driver Enable Input. Driving this input high enables the driver; driving it low disables the driver. Driver Input. Data to be transmitted by the driver is applied to this input. Logic Side Power Supply. It is recommended that a 0.1 μF and a 0.01 μF decoupling capacitor be fitted between Pin 8 and Pin 7. Ground, Logic Side. Ground, Logic Side. Ground, Bus Side. Isolated Power Supply Output. This pin must be connected externally to VISOIN. It is recommended that a reservoir capacitor of 10 μF and a decoupling capacitor of 0.1 μF be fitted between Pin 12 and Pin 11. Driver Noninverting Output Ground, Bus Side. Driver Inverting Output Ground, Bus Side. Receiver Inverting Input. Receiver Noninverting Input. Isolated Power Supply Input. This pin must be connected externally to VISOOUT. It is recommended that a 0.1 μF and a 0.01 μF decoupling capacitor be fitted between Pin 19 and Pin 20. Ground, Bus Side. Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 20 ADM2582E/ADM2587E TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 120 180 100 RL = 54Ω 140 SUPPLY CURRENT, ICC (mA) SUPPLY CURRENT, ICC (mA) 160 120 RL = 120Ω 100 80 NO LOAD 60 40 RL = 54Ω 80 RL = 120Ω 60 40 NO LOAD 20 –15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 0 –40 08111-103 0 –40 Figure 3. ADM2582E Supply Current (ICC) vs. Temperature (Data Rate = 16 Mbps, DE = 3.3 V, VCC = 3.3 V) –15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 08111-106 20 Figure 6. ADM2587E Supply Current (ICC) vs. Temperature (Data Rate = 500 kbps, DE = 3.3 V, VCC = 3.3 V) 72 140 70 SUPPLY CURRENT, ICC (mA) DRIVER PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) RL = 54Ω 120 100 RL = 120Ω 80 60 NO LOAD 40 20 68 66 64 tDPHL 62 tDPLH 60 58 56 54 –15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 50 –40 08111-104 0 –40 –15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 08111-107 52 Figure 7. ADM2582E Differential Driver Propagation Delay vs. Temperature Figure 4. ADM2582E Supply Current (ICC) vs. Temperature (Data Rate = 16 Mbps, DE = 5 V, VCC = 5 V) 600 140 RL = 54Ω 100 80 RL = 120Ω 60 40 NO LOAD 20 540 tDPLH 520 tDPHL 500 480 460 440 –15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 Figure 5. ADM2587E Supply Current (ICC) vs. Temperature (Data Rate = 500 kbps, DE = 5 V, VCC = 5 V) 85 400 –40 –15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 08111-108 0 –40 560 420 08111-105 SUPPLY CURRENT, ICC (mA) DRIVER PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) 580 120 Figure 8. ADM2587E Differential Driver Propagation Delay vs. Temperature Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 20 ADM2582E/ADM2587E 60 TxD OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 50 1 Z Y 40 30 20 CH2 2.0V M10.00ns A CH1 1.28V 0 08111-109 CH1 2.0V CH3 2.0V Figure 9. ADM2582E Driver Propagation Delay 0 1 2 3 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 4 5 08111-112 10 3 Figure 12. Receiver Output Current vs. Receiver Output Low Voltage 4.75 4.74 OUTPUT VOLTAGE(V) 4.73 TxD 1 Z Y 4.72 4.71 4.70 4.69 4.68 4.67 3 M200ns A CH1 2.56V 4.65 –40 Figure 10. ADM2587E Driver Propagation Delay 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 85 Figure 13. Receiver Output High Voltage vs. Temperature 0 0.32 –10 0.30 –20 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) –15 08111-113 CH2 2.0V 08111-110 CH1 2.0V CH3 2.0V 08111-114 4.66 –30 –40 –50 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.22 –60 0 1 2 3 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 4 5 0.20 –40 08111-111 –70 Figure 11. Receiver Output Current vs. Receiver Output High Voltage –15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 Figure 14. Receiver Output Low Voltage vs. Temperature Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 20 ADM2582E/ADM2587E B A 1 RxD 3 CH2 2.0V M10.00ns A CH1 2.56V 98 97 96 tRPHL 95 94 93 92 tRPLH 91 90 –40 08111-115 CH1 2.0V CH3 2.0V 99 –15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 08111-118 RECEIVER PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) 100 Figure 18. ADM2587E Receiver Propagation Delay vs. Temperature Figure 15. ADM2582E Receiver Propagation Delay 3.33 ISOLATED SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) A B 1 RxD A CH1 2.56V 3.29 NO LOAD RL = 120Ω RL = 54Ω 3.28 3.26 –40 –15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 Figure 19. ADM2582E Isolated Supply Voltage vs. Temperature (VCC = 3.3 V, Data Rate = 16 Mbps) Figure 16. ADM2587E Receiver Propagation Delay 98 3.36 3.35 96 tRPHL 95 tRPLH 94 93 3.34 3.33 3.32 3.31 3.30 3.29 NO LOAD RL = 120Ω RL = 54Ω 3.28 3.27 92 –40 –15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 Figure 17. ADM2582E Receiver Propagation Delay vs. Temperature 3.26 –40 –15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 Figure 20. ADM2582E Isolated Supply Voltage vs. Temperature (VCC = 5 V, Data Rate = 16 Mbps) Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 20 08111-120 ISOLATED SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 97 08111-117 RECEIVER PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) 3.30 08111-119 M10.00ns 08111-116 CH2 2.0V 3.31 3.27 3 CH1 2.0V CH3 2.0V 3.32 ADM2582E/ADM2587E 40 RL = 54Ω 40 ISOLATED SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 50 RL = 120Ω 30 NO LOAD 20 10 30 RL = 120Ω 25 20 15 10 NO LOAD 5 –15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 0 –40 –15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 Figure 22. ADM2587E Isolated Supply Current vs. Temperature (VCC = 3.3 V, Data Rate = 500 kbps) Figure 21. ADM2582E Isolated Supply Current vs. Temperature (VCC = 3.3 V, Data Rate = 16 Mbps) Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 20 08111-122 0 –40 RL = 54Ω 35 08111-121 ISOLATED SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 60 ADM2582E/ADM2587E TEST CIRCUITS RL 2 VOD2 RL 2 VOUT Y VOC TxD 08111-003 Z S1 Figure 23. Driver Voltage Measurement Y Figure 26. Driver Enable/Disable 375Ω A 60Ω VTEST B Figure 24. Driver Voltage Measurement Y TxD CL Figure 27. Receiver Propagation Delay CL +1.5V CL –1.5V VCC S1 RL 08111-005 Z VOUT RE RL RE S2 CL VOUT RE IN Figure 25. Driver Propagation Delay Figure 28. Receiver Enable/Disable Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 20 08111-008 375Ω Z 08111-004 VOD3 TxD S2 CL 50pF Z DE VCC RL 110Ω 08111-007 TxD 08111-006 Y ADM2582E/ADM2587E SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS VCC VCC/2 VCC/2 0V tDPLH tDPHL VCC Z VO 1/2VO DE tLZ 2.3V Y, Z 90% POINT VDIFF VOL + 0.5V 90% POINT VDIFF = V(Y) – V(Z) VOL tZH 10% POINT tDF tDR tHZ 2.3V VOH VOH – 0.5V Y, Z 08111-011 10% POINT 08111-009 –VO 0.5VCC 0V tZL Y +VO 0.5VCC tSKEW = │tDPHL – tDPLH │ Figure 31. Driver Enable/Disable Timing Figure 29. Driver Propagation Delay, Rise/Fall Timing 0.7VCC RE 0.3VCC 0V 0V tRPLH tRPHL tZL tLZ 1.5V RO VOH VOL + 0.5V OUTPUT LOW tZH tSKEW = |tRPLH – tRPHL | 1.5V VOL RO 1.5V VOH – 0.5V 0V Figure 32. Receiver Enable/Disable Timing Figure 30. Receiver Propagation Delay Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 20 VOL tHZ OUTPUT HIGH 1.5V 08111-010 RxD 0.5VCC VOH 08111-012 A–B 0.5VCC ADM2582E/ADM2587E CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION SIGNAL ISOLATION Table 13. Receiving (see Table 11 for Abbreviations) The ADM2582E/ADM2587E signal isolation is implemented on the logic side of the interface. The part achieves signal isolation by having a digital isolation section and a transceiver section (see Figure 1). Data applied to the TxD and DE pins and referenced to logic ground (GND1) are coupled across an isolation barrier to appear at the transceiver section referenced to isolated ground (GND2). Similarly, the single-ended receiver output signal, referenced to isolated ground in the transceiver section, is coupled across the isolation barrier to appear at the RXD pin referenced to logic ground. POWER ISOLATION The ADM2582E/ADM2587E power isolation is implemented using an isoPower integrated isolated dc-to-dc converter. The dc-to-dc converter section of the ADM2582E/ADM2587E works on principles that are common to most modern power supplies. It is a secondary side controller architecture with isolated pulsewidth modulation (PWM) feedback. VCC power is supplied to an oscillating circuit that switches current into a chip-scale air core transformer. Power transferred to the secondary side is rectified and regulated to 3.3 V. The secondary (VISO) side controller regulates the output by creating a PWM control signal that is sent to the primary (VCC) side by a dedicated iCoupler data channel. The PWM modulates the oscillator circuit to control the power being sent to the secondary side. Feedback allows for significantly higher power and efficiency. TRUTH TABLES The truth tables in this section use the abbreviations found in Table 11. Table 11. Truth Table Abbreviations Letter H L X Z NC Description High level Low level Don't care High impedance (off ) Disconnected A−B Inputs RE Output RxD > −0.03 V < −0.2 V −0.2 V < A − B < −0.03 V Inputs open X X X L or NC L or NC L or NC L or NC H L or NC L or NC H L X H Z H L THERMAL SHUTDOWN The ADM2582E/ADM2587E contain thermal shutdown circuitry that protects the parts from excessive power dissipation during fault conditions. Shorting the driver outputs to a low impedance source can result in high driver currents. The thermal sensing circuitry detects the increase in die temperature under this condition and disables the driver outputs. This circuitry is designed to disable the driver outputs when a die temperature of 150°C is reached. As the device cools, the drivers are reenabled at a temperature of 140°C. OPEN- AND SHORT-CIRCUIT, FAIL-SAFE RECEIVER INPUTS The receiver inputs have open- and short-circuit, fail-safe features that ensure that the receiver output is high when the inputs are open or shorted. During line-idle conditions, when no driver on the bus is enabled, the voltage across a terminating resistance at the receiver input decays to 0 V. With traditional transceivers, receiver input thresholds specified between −200 mV and +200 mV mean that external bias resistors are required on the A and B pins to ensure that the receiver outputs are in a known state. The short-circuit, fail-safe receiver input feature eliminates the need for bias resistors by specifying the receiver input threshold between −30 mV and −200 mV. The guaranteed negative threshold means that when the voltage between A and B decays to 0 V, the receiver output is guaranteed to be high. Table 12. Transmitting (see Table 11 for Abbreviations) DE H H L X L X Inputs TxD H L X X X X Y H L Z Z Z Z Outputs Z L H Z Z Z Z Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 20 ADM2582E/ADM2587E 100 This situation should occur in the ADM2582E/ADM2587E devices only during power-up and power-down operations. The limitation on the ADM2582E/ADM2587E magnetic field immunity is set by the condition in which induced voltage in the transformer receiving coil is sufficiently large to either falsely set or reset the decoder. The following analysis defines the conditions under which this can occur. The 3.3 V operating condition of the ADM2582E/ADM2587E is examined because it represents the most susceptible mode of operation. The pulses at the transformer output have an amplitude of >1.0 V. The decoder has a sensing threshold of about 0.5 V, thus establishing a 0.5 V margin in which induced voltages can be tolerated. The voltage induced across the receiving coil is given by V = (−dβ/dt)Σπrn2; n = 1, 2, … , N where: β is magnetic flux density (gauss). N is the number of turns in the receiving coil. rn is the radius of the nth turn in the receiving coil (cm). Given the geometry of the receiving coil in the ADM2582E/ ADM2587E and an imposed requirement that the induced voltage be, at most, 50% of the 0.5 V margin at the decoder, a maximum allowable magnetic field is calculated as shown in Figure 33. 10 1 0.1 0.001 1k 10k 100k 10M 1M MAGNETIC FIELD FREQUENCY (Hz) 100M 08111-019 0.01 Figure 33. Maximum Allowable External Magnetic Flux Density For example, at a magnetic field frequency of 1 MHz, the maximum allowable magnetic field of 0.2 kgauss induces a voltage of 0.25 V at the receiving coil. This is about 50% of the sensing threshold and does not cause a faulty output transition. Similarly, if such an event occurs during a transmitted pulse (and is of the worst-case polarity), it reduces the received pulse from >1.0 V to 0.75 V, which is still well above the 0.5 V sensing threshold of the decoder. The preceding magnetic flux density values correspond to specific current magnitudes at given distances from the ADM2582E/ADM2587E transformers. Figure 34 expresses these allowable current magnitudes as a function of frequency for selected distances. As shown in Figure 34, the ADM2582E/ ADM2587E are extremely immune and can be affected only by extremely large currents operated at high frequency very close to the component. For the 1 MHz example, a 0.5 kA current must be placed 5 mm away from the ADM2582E/ADM2587E to affect component operation. 1k DISTANCE = 1m 100 10 DISTANCE = 100mm 1 DISTANCE = 5mm 0.1 0.01 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M MAGNETIC FIELD FREQUENCY (Hz) 08111-020 Positive and negative logic transitions at the isolator input cause narrow (~1 ns) pulses to be sent to the decoder via the transformer. The decoder is bistable and is, therefore, either set or reset by the pulses, indicating input logic transitions. In the absence of logic transitions at the input for more than 1 μs, periodic sets of refresh pulses indicative of the correct input state are sent to ensure dc correctness at the output. If the decoder receives no internal pulses of more than approximately 5 μs, the input side is assumed to be unpowered or nonfunctional, in which case, the isolator output is forced to a default state by the watchdog timer circuit. MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CURRENT (kA) The digital signals transmit across the isolation barrier using iCoupler technology. This technique uses chip-scale transformer windings to couple the digital signals magnetically from one side of the barrier to the other. Digital inputs are encoded into waveforms that are capable of exciting the primary transformer winding. At the secondary winding, the induced waveforms are decoded into the binary value that was originally transmitted. MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY (kGauss) DC CORRECTNESS AND MAGNETIC FIELD IMMUNITY Figure 34. Maximum Allowable Current for Various Current-toADM2582E/ADM2587E Spacings Note that in combinations of strong magnetic field and high frequency, any loops formed by printed circuit board (PCB) traces can induce error voltages sufficiently large to trigger the thresholds of succeeding circuitry. Take care in the layout of such traces to avoid this possibility. Rev. 0 | Page 15 of 20 ADM2582E/ADM2587E APPLICATIONS INFORMATION PCB LAYOUT The ADM2582E/ADM2587E isolated RS-422/RS-485 transceiver contains an isoPower integrated dc-to-dc converter, requiring no external interface circuitry for the logic interfaces. Power supply bypassing is required at the input and output supply pins (see Figure 35). The power supply section of the ADM2582E/ ADM2587E uses an 180 MHz oscillator frequency to pass power efficiently through its chip-scale transformers. In addition, the normal operation of the data section of the iCoupler introduces switching transients on the power supply pins. Bypass capacitors are required for several operating frequencies. Noise suppression requires a low inductance, high frequency capacitor, whereas ripple suppression and proper regulation require a large value capacitor. These capacitors are connected between Pin 1 (GND1) and Pin 2 (VCC) and Pin 8 (VCC) and Pin 9 (GND1) for VCC. The VISOIN and VISOOUT capacitors are connected between Pin 11 (GND2) and Pin 12 (VISOOUT) and Pin 19 (VISOIN) and Pin 20 (GND2). To suppress noise and reduce ripple, a parallel combination of at least two capacitors is required. The recommended capacitor values are 0.1 μF and 10 μF. The recommended best practice is to use a very low inductance ceramic capacitor, or its equivalent, for the smaller value. The total lead length between both ends of the capacitor and the input power supply pin should not exceed 10 mm. GND1 1 20 VCC 2 19 GND1 3 18 A RxD 4 17 B RE 5 16 GND2 DE 6 15 Z TxD 7 14 GND2 VCC 8 13 Y GND1 9 12 GND1 10 11 EMI CONSIDERATIONS The dc-to-dc converter section of the ADM2582E/ADM2587E components must, of necessity, operate at very high frequency to allow efficient power transfer through the small transformers. This creates high frequency currents that can propagate in circuit board ground and power planes, causing edge and dipole radiation. Grounded enclosures are recommended for applications that use these devices. If grounded enclosures are not possible, good RF design practices should be followed in the layout of the PCB. See Application Note AN-0971, Control of Radiated Emissions with isoPower Devices, for more information. INSULATION LIFETIME All insulation structures eventually break down when subjected to voltage stress over a sufficiently long period. The rate of insulation degradation is dependent on the characteristics of the voltage waveform applied across the insulation. Analog Devices conducts an extensive set of evaluations to determine the lifetime of the insulation structure within the ADM2582E/ADM2587E. GND2 VISOOUT 08111-125 VISOIN GND2 The ADM2582E/ADM2587E dissipate approximately 650 mW of power when fully loaded. Because it is not possible to apply a heat sink to an isolation device, the devices primarily depend on heat dissipation into the PCB through the GND pins. If the devices are used at high ambient temperatures, provide a thermal path from the GND pins to the PCB ground plane. The board layout in Figure 35 shows enlarged pads for Pin 1, Pin 3, Pin 9, Pin 10, Pin 11, Pin 14, Pin 16, and Pin 20. Implement multiple vias from the pad to the ground plane to reduce the temperature inside the chip significantly. The dimensions of the expanded pads are at the discretion of the designer and dependent on the available board space. Figure 35. Recommended PCB Layout In applications involving high common-mode transients, ensure that board coupling across the isolation barrier is minimized. Furthermore, design the board layout such that any coupling that does occur equally affects all pins on a given component side. Failure to ensure this can cause voltage differentials between pins exceeding the absolute maximum ratings for the device, thereby leading to latch-up and/or permanent damage. Accelerated life testing is performed using voltage levels higher than the rated continuous working voltage. Acceleration factors for several operating conditions are determined, allowing calculation of the time to failure at the working voltage of interest. The values shown in Table 9 summarize the peak voltages for 50 years of service life in several operating conditions. In many cases, the working voltage approved by agency testing is higher than the 50-year service life voltage. Operation at working voltages higher than the service life voltage listed leads to premature insulation failure. The insulation lifetime of the ADM2582E/ADM2587E depends on the voltage waveform type imposed across the isolation barrier. The iCoupler insulation structure degrades at different rates, depending on whether the waveform is bipolar ac, unipolar ac, or dc. Figure 36, Figure 37, and Figure 38 illustrate these different isolation voltage waveforms. Bipolar ac voltage is the most stringent environment. A 50-year operating lifetime under the bipolar ac condition determines the Analog Devices recommended maximum working voltage. Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 20 ADM2582E/ADM2587E In the case of unipolar ac or dc voltage, the stress on the insulation is significantly lower. This allows operation at higher working voltages while still achieving a 50-year service life. The working voltages listed in Table 9 can be applied while maintaining the 50-year minimum lifetime, provided the voltage conforms to either the unipolar ac or dc voltage cases. Any crossinsulation voltage waveform that does not conform to Figure 37 or Figure 38 should be treated as a bipolar ac waveform, and its peak voltage should be limited to the 50-year lifetime voltage value listed in Table 9. ISOLATED POWER SUPPLY CONSIDERATIONS The typical output voltage of the integrated isoPower dc-to-dc isolated supply is 3.3 V. The isolated supply in the ADM2587E is capable of supplying a current of 55 mA when the junction temperature of the device is kept below 120°C. It is important to note that the current available on the VISOOUT pin is the total current available and includes the current required to supply the internal RS-485 circuitry. The ADM2587E can typically supply 15 mA externally on VISOOUT when the driver is switching at 500 kbps loaded with 54 Ω, while the junction temperature of the part is less than 120°C. 08111-021 RATED PEAK VOLTAGE 0V RATED PEAK VOLTAGE Table 14. Typical Maximum External Current Available on VISOOUT 0V External Load Current (mA) 15 RT 54 Ω 29 46 120 Ω Unloaded 08111-023 Figure 36. Bipolar AC Waveform Figure 37. DC Waveform RATED PEAK VOLTAGE The ADM2582E typically has no current available externally on VISOOUT. When external current is drawn from the VISOOUT pin, there is an increased risk of generating radiated emissions due to the high frequency switching elements used in the isoPower dc todc converter. Special care must be taken during PCB layout to meet emissions standards. See Application Note AN-0971, Control of Radiated Emissions with isoPower Devices, for details on board layout considerations. 08111-022 0V NOTES 1. THE VOLTAGE IS SHOWN AS SINUSODIAL FOR ILLUSTRATION PURPOSES ONLY. IT IS MEANT TO REPRESENT ANY VOLTAGE WAVEFORM VARYING BETWEEN 0 AND SOME LIMITING VALUE. THE LIMITING VALUE CAN BE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE, BUT THE VOLTAGE CANNOT CROSS 0V. System Configuration Double terminated bus with RT = 110 Ω Single terminated bus Unterminated bus Figure 38. Unipolar AC Waveform VCC EXTERNAL LOAD VISOOUT VCC isoPower DC-TO-DC CONVERTER GND1 OSCILLATOR GND RECTIFIER GND2 VISOIN REGULATOR TRANSCEIVER DIGITAL ISOLATION iCoupler Y TxD 500kbps ENCODE DECODE ENCODE DECODE DECODE ENCODE D Z VCC DE RT A R B ADM2582E/ADM2587E RE GND1 ISOLATION BARRIER GND2 Figure 39. ADM2587E Typical Maximum External Current Measurements Rev. 0 | Page 17 of 20 08111-038 RxD ADM2582E/ADM2587E 3.3V/5V POWER SUPPLY 100nF 10µF 100nF 10nF VCC VCC VISOOUT 100nF 10µF isoPower DC-TO-DC CONVERTER OSCILLATOR RECTIFIER VISOIN 100nF REGULATOR DIGITAL ISOLATION iCoupler TxD DE ENCODE DECODE ENCODE DECODE DECODE ENCODE D Y Z RT A RxD RE R B RT ADM2582E/ADM2587E GND1 ISOLATION BARRIER GND2 GND1 Figure 40. Example Circuit Diagram Using the ADM2582E/ADM2587E Figure 40 is an example of a circuit diagram using the ADM2582E/ADM2587E. Rev. 0 | Page 18 of 20 08111-124 MICROCONTROLLER AND UART TRANSCEIVER 10nF ADM2582E/ADM2587E TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Figure 41 and Figure 42 show typical applications of the ADM2582E/ ADM2587E in half duplex and full duplex RS-485 network configurations. Up to 256 transceivers can be connected to the RS-485 bus. To minimize reflections, terminate the line at the receiving end in its characteristic impedance, and keep stub lengths off the main line as short as possible. For half-duplex operation, this means that both ends of the line must be terminated because either end can be the receiving end. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF TRANSCEIVERS ON BUS = 256 ADM2582E/ ADM2587E RxD R A A B B RE D RxD R RE RT RT DE TxD ADM2582E/ ADM2587E Z Z Y Y A B ADM2582E/ ADM2587E R Z Y A D RxD RE B ADM2582E/ ADM2587E DE TxD R Z DE D TxD Y D RxD RE DE TxD 08111-027 NOTES 1. RT IS EQUAL TO THE CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE OF THE CABLE. 2. ISOLATION NOT SHOWN. Figure 41. ADM2582E/ADM2587E Typical Half Duplex RS-485 Network MAXIMUM NUMBER OF NODES = 256 MASTER SLAVE A R RxD B Y D RT RE DE Z D B RT Y A ADM2582E/ ADM2587E RE R RxD ADM2582E/ ADM2587E A B Z Y A B Z Y SLAVE SLAVE R ADM2582E/ ADM2587E RxD RE R D DE TxD RxD RE D ADM2582E/ ADM2587E DE TxD NOTES 1. RT IS EQUAL TO THE CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE OF THE CABLE. 2. ISOLATION NOT SHOWN. Figure 42. ADM2582E/ADM2587E Typical Full Duplex RS-485 Network Rev. 0 | Page 19 of 20 08111-028 DE TxD TxD Z ADM2582E/ADM2587E OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 13.00 (0.5118) 12.60 (0.4961) 11 20 7.60 (0.2992) 7.40 (0.2913) 10 2.65 (0.1043) 2.35 (0.0925) 0.30 (0.0118) 0.10 (0.0039) COPLANARITY 0.10 10.65 (0.4193) 10.00 (0.3937) 1.27 (0.0500) BSC 0.51 (0.0201) 0.31 (0.0122) SEATING PLANE 0.75 (0.0295) 0.25 (0.0098) 45° 8° 0° 0.33 (0.0130) 0.20 (0.0079) 1.27 (0.0500) 0.40 (0.0157) COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-013-AC CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS (IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN. 060706-A 1 Figure 43. 20-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_W] Wide Body (RW-20) Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches) ORDERING GUIDE Model ADM2582EBRWZ 1 ADM2582EBRWZ-REEL71 ADM2587EBRWZ1 ADM2587EBRWZ-REEL71 EVAL-ADM2582EEBZ1 EVAL-ADM2587EEBZ1 1 Data Rate (Mbps) 16 16 0.5 0.5 Temperature Range −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C Z = RoHS Compliant Part. ©2009 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D08111-0-9/09(0) Rev. 0 | Page 20 of 20 Package Description 20-Lead SOIC_W 20-Lead SOIC_W 20-Lead SOIC_W 20-Lead SOIC_W ADM2582E Evaluation Board ADM2587E Evaluation Board Package Option RW-20 RW-20 RW-20 RW-20


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Worldwide Clinical trials San Antonio Texas
Our modern, 250-bed clinical research facility is fully equipped with recreational and sleep areas, a dining room, male and female restrooms and private showers. Participants have open access to computers, wireless internet, cable television, video games and pool tables. With comfortable common areas, board games and a collection of movies and books, all of our residents are made to feel completely at home.
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Did you know Bergen was the capital of Norway until 1299? And did you know that its Bryggen seafront is a UNESCO World Heritage Site? Or, that ten percent of its population is made up of students? Whether you are in Bergen for a cruise stop, arriving here before sailing on one of the many fjords at the base of Bergen's seven surrounding mountain peaks, or visiting for several days, consider taking this self-guided walking tour to get an overview of all the highlights and perhaps spending some time at one or many of the stops. Click on the audio bar below to listen to the accompanying podcast.
1 (A) Rosenkrantz Tower
Begin this walk near the cruise port at the intersection of Bergenhus and Festningskaien at the Rosenkrantz Tower, one of the oldest buildings remaining of the Bergen Castle (Bergenhus) complex. The tower is considered one of the most important renaissance monuments in Norway. Mostly built in the 1560s by the governor of Bergen Castle, parts of the tower date to the 13th century. It was built as a fortification for protection of the castle and the entire area. Bergen was not only an important fishing and trading region, but it was the capital of Norway until 1299. Rosenkrantz Tower served as the residence of the last king to hold court in Bergen until his death. Later, the cellar of the tower served as a dungeon. The tower is open most days and can be visited for a fee. If you have the energy to climb the narrow and dark flights of stairs to the rooftop, you will be rewarded with impressive views. Guided tours, in English, are available for an additional fee from June 24th to August 15th at 10 am.
2 (B) Statsraad Lehmkuhl – Sailing Ship
Walk on Festningskaien with the sea on your right toward town. Hopefully you will see the three-masted sailing ship Statsraad Lehmkuhl. The ship is contracted to serve as a school ship for the Royal Norwegian Navy. It was built in 1914 as a training ship for the German merchant marine. After World War I it was taken as a prize by the United Kingdom. In 1921 it got its current name when former cabinet minister Kristoffer Lehmkuhl purchased it. It was temporarily named Westwärtsship when it was captured by German troops during World War II. It is now owned and operated by the Statsraad Lehmkuhl foundation.
3 (C) Bryggen
Keep walking with the sea on your right and the most famous of area of Bergen, Bryggen, will be on your left facing the harbor. This UNESCO World Heritage Site was rebuilt after the great Bergen fire of 1702 directly over its medieval foundations. It looks much as it was originally built when Bryggen was one of the major import/export offices of the German Hanseatic League, a confederation of merchant guilds and market towns that dominated trade for almost 400 years in Northern Europe.
4 (D) Bryggen – Shopping Alleys
Today, Bryggen's narrow alleyways and buildings are filled with shops, restaurants and galleries. Be sure to get a glimpse of the past by walking through the covered archways of the streets near the center of Bryggen that run perpendicular to the seafront-street and walk back again to come back to main street. I think the shops on these back streets seem to offer some of the most authentic merchandise. They seemed less touristy than the shops facing the harbor.
5 (E) Hanseatic Museum and Schøtstuene
Continue walking along the seafront road until you reach Finnegården, where you will see the Hanseatic Museum and Schøtstuene on your left. The main part of the museum is located in one of the conserved wooden buildings of Bryggen that was built after the fire of 1702. The museum chronicles the time of the Hanseatic period of time of Bergen. All of the artifacts are original.
6 (F) Fish and Flower Market Area
Continue on the seafront road walking with the harbor on your right, and you will see a McDonalds on your left in one of Bryggen's historical wooden buildings (see picture). Soon you will come to the statue of Ludvig Holberg in a square on your left across from the Fish and Flower Market on the seafront. Baron of Holberg (1684 – 1754) was a writer, essayist, philosopher, historian and playwright born in Bergen. He is considered the founder of modern Danish and Norwegian literature. Walk across the street to see the famous fish and flower markets. Continue walking straight on Standkaien, perhaps stopping at the Tourist Information office for brochures to get information about city tours and sights. Then, take a left on Fortunen and another left on Markeveien, passing a number of shops and restaurants.
7 (G) Edvard Grieg Statue
Markeveien will become Starvhusgaten and lead you right into Byparken, Bergen's city park. Just to your right as soon as you reach the park you will see a statue of Bergen's most famous historical citizen, composer and pianist Edvard Grieg (1843 – 1907). Grieg's Norwegian folk music put Norway's music on the international stage for the first time, and he became known worldwide.
8 (H) Byparken – Music Pavilion
Continue walking to your right toward the center of the park, and you will come to the Music Pavilion. This gazebo is the scene for small park concerts and a great place to take some beautiful pictures.
9 (I) Kunsthall Art Museum
Walk to your right as you face the lake to the Kunsthall Art Museum. This contemporary art museum houses works of artists from all over the world and often hosts educational events and special exhibitions.
Circle the lake, exit toward Kaigaten and turn left. Then, turn right on Radhusgaten.
10 (J) Bergen Cathedral (Domkirke)
Stay on Radhusgaten after it becomes Domkirkegaten, and you will soon see the Bergen Cathedral (Domkirke) on your right. The 1000-seat Bergen Cathedral is part of the Church of Norway. Its first recorded historical reference was in 1181, when it was dedicated to Saint Olaf. In 1665, during the Battle of Vågen between English and Dutch fleets in the harbor, a cannonball landed in the outer wall of the cathedral. Can you spot it?
11(K) Fløibanen – Funicular
Turn right out of the cathedral and continue on Lille Øvregaten. The Fløibanen station will be on the right at Vetrlidsallmenningen. Here you can board a funicular to the top of Mount Fløyen and an unparalleled view over Bergen. Don't miss it! The funicular is open daily and takes less than 10 minutes to reach the top. In addition to the view, there is a restaurant, a café and a shop. There are opportunities for biking and hiking on Mount Fløyen. Find more information at the official website:
12 (L) Bryggens Museum
From the funicular station, walk to the right on Øvregaten and turn left on Bugården. Turn right onto Gullskogården, and then turn right onto Dreggsallmenningen to reach the Bryggens Museum. The museum displays objects that have been excavated in Bryggen over the years dating back to the Middle Ages. Many of the artifacts were found after a 1955 fire that exposed foundations of some of the oldest buildings in Bergen. There is a souvenir shop, a film and a café. The museum is open most days.
Two guided walks of Bergen originate in front of the museum in the summer months. One of the tours highlights the Bryggen area and one highlights the medieval areas of nearby St. Mary's Church, as well as the Rosenkrantz Tower.
I hope you have enjoyed this overview of one perfect day in Bergen. You can see the maps above in an interactive format at Walkli.com. Just search on "Bergen".
If you would like a pdf of this article, just send me an email:
What city would you like me to talk/write about next? I would love to hear from you!
Until next time, I hope all your travel days are just perfect!
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Rosebank Curriculum
The breadth of our curriculum is designed in order to:
- Give our pupils a curriculum founded on autism specific approaches to match the strengths, needs and interests of the pupils and to reduce barriers to learning. We ensure that each pupil's outcomes from Education and Health Care Plans are central to their learning.
- Provide a coherent, structured curriculum based on the National Curriculum adapted to meet individual needs. Each Learning Focus is taught across the key stages to ensure that our curriculum is both rich in relevant knowledge and skills.
- Acknowledge that children progress at different rates and from different starting points as we prepare them for life beyond Rosebank.
Autism Specific Approaches
- Autism Education Trust (AET) Progression Framework ensures that emphasis is placed on this aspect of our pupil's learning and development.
Learning Focus
The Learning Focus follows a four year rolling programme. Opportunities are provided for the pupils to generalise their skills in different environments within school and beyond. To find out more follow the links below, highlighted in green :
- Key Stage 1 Learning Focus: KS 1 Curriculum 4 Year Overview - May 18
- Key Stage 2 Learning Focus: KS 2 Curriculum 4 Year Overview - May 18
- Maths teaching at Rosebank School: Maths Calculation
- Phonics teaching at Rosebank School: Letters & Sounds Phonics Scheme
- English teaching at Rosebank School: English Core Curriculum
The table below explains how the EHCP underpins the Rosebank Curriculum along with each aspect of learning
The Rosebank School curriculum provides a strong foundation which ensures a wide range of opportunities preparing our pupils for transition into the next stage.
Progress and success are measured in many ways for example achieving EHCP outcomes, meeting expectations for academic attainment over time, tracking progress within the AET Progression Framework, increased self-awareness and emotional understanding of self- and others.
Our curriculum ensures that the needs of individual pupil can be met within the environment of high quality autism specific teaching, supported by proven interventions where appropriate.
Long Term Plan of Curriculum Topics for Cross-Curricular Learning
|Year A 2016/17
|Changes and Festivals
Traditional Stories
People and Places
Travel and Places
Around the World
|Year B 2017/18
|Me, My Family and Friends past and present
|Houses and Homes including Castles
|Animals and Adventures
|Year C 2018/19
|Celebrations, Colour, Shape and Light
|Woods, Forests and Jungles
|Growing, Food and Farming
|Year D 2019/20
|Fantasy, Adventure and Super Heroes
|Keeping Healthy and Olympics
If you would like more information about the Rosebank School Curriculum please contact School.


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Vinyl Review: Detto Mariano & Dallaglio -- La Principessa Nuda OST
Forty years after its debut, Stella Edizioni Musicali â one of the many sub-labels of Berlinâs Private Records â has unearthed another gem of a score by Italian composer Detto Mariano. This oneâs for the soft-core international intrigue film, La Principessa Nuda, aka Black Magic. Â The score features music by both Mariano and Dallaglio â also known as Gianni Dall'Aglio â who played together in the early half of the â70s as part of the Rebels, an Italian beat combo, with Mariano on keys and Dallaglio on drums.
Source: modern-vinyl.com/2017/08/14/vinyl-review-detto-mariano-dallaglio-la-principessa-nuda-ost/


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Regional Biocontainment Lab
In 2003, UTHSC was awarded nearly $18 million in federal funding from the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) to be used to build a laboratory on the UT-Baptist Research Park site for biomedical and biodefense research and research training. The UTHSC regional biocontainment laboratory (RBL) is one of 13 NIAID funded Regional Biocontainment Laboratories in the country.
The primary purpose of the research conducted at the RBL is to develop new drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics to protect the general population from infectious diseases and bioterrorism. One of 13 NIAID funded regional biocontainment labs in the country, the UTHSC RBL will be limited to research requiring Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) containment as defined by the Centers for Disease Control. BSL-3 facilities are designed to safely and effectively study contagious materials. Scientists at the UT RBL investigate: multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, tularemia, streptococci, cholera, and Chlamydia infections. Other pathogens will be added as the facility and faculty expand.
We are proud to have been selected as a site to develop vaccines for infectious diseases that pose a serious health threat to humanity. We invite you to learn more about the opportunities for biomedical advancement the RBL will afford UT Health Science Center researchers, as well as investigators from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and the Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Memphis. An additional bonus is that the RBL is a critical and unique resource for the Memphis Bioworks Foundation's effort to attract new biomedical businesses to the Memphis area.
We hope you share our enthusiasm for the potential the RBL will have for improving prevention, intervention and therapy of infectious diseases all over the world.


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Tata Motors is gearing up for a number of new launches in a bid to revive sales. The Kite hatchback will be globally premiered in December, to be followed by the Hexa crossover, which is expected to be launched during the 2016 Auto Expo.
Tata Motors is reportedly working on a compact SUV that is based on the Nexon compact SUV showcased at the 2014 Auto Expo, reports ZigWheels. The compact has been code named "Osprey" and will be built on a slightly modified X1 platform that also underpins the Bolt hatchback and the Zest compact sedan.
The Osprey in its production version is expected to be powered by the 1.2-litre petrol Revotron engine and the 1.3-litre Multijet engine that also does duty in Bolt and Zest. The previous reports had indicated Tata considering employing the new 1.5-litre multijet diesel engine Fiat is currently working on. It would be easier for Tata to get it manufactured in Ranjangaon and utilise the Fiat diesel engine. However, there is no confirmation on using Fiat-sourced engine or going with own engine.
The Osprey will lock horns against the likes of Ford EcoSport and Mahindra TUV300. The to-be-launched car is likely to replicate the TUV300 in terms of seating arrangement, which means the compact SUV will be a seven seater despite compact proportions. The compact SUV is expected to be priced in the range of Rs 6 to 10 lakh and the production version is expected in the second half of 2016 or early 2017.
Source: Zigwheels


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NEW DELHI—A post on Quora that is going viral today says that Flipkart and Amazon do not deliver in Noida because the "order abuse cases in these regions is higher that the rest of India."
An Amazon employee who wished to remain anonymous posted the answer to the Quora question, "Why do Flipkart and Amazon not deliver in Noida?"
The anonymous user, who claims to work with the risk investigation team with Amazon, said: "People used to order iPhone and mention they got a Nokia model phone."
According to the employee, Amazon would find bricks, biscuit packets and cardboard pieces when the customer would be asked to return their phones. "It's very easy to play fraud with Amazon and Flipkart," he writes.
The ordeal for Amazon employees do not end here. The employee says that Amazon's delivery boys were "locked up in the bathrooms and some beaten up" for the "silliest of reasons" such as not being able to give change or bringing the order late.
"These customers place the order just for fun using COD (cash on delivery), the courier boy goes for the delivery and they say we did not order," he said.
When asked about the issue, an Amazon India spokesperson told HuffPost, "We do continue to service Noida."
We tried ordering from Amazon. The website says that a phone worth Rs 4,300 would be delivered to Noida in 7-10 days.
However, anything worth above Rs 5,000 cannot be delivered to Noida.
Amazon India refused to comment on why there is a limit on delivery in certain parts of the country.
Flipkart had decided to stop delivering goods to the state of Uttar Pradesh above Rs. 10,000, including the National Capital Regions of Ghaziabad and Noida in 2013.
However, when asked about the limit for delivery in Noida, Flipkart said it has been set by the government.
"Flipkart has a large base of happy and loyal customers in Uttar Pradesh. We deliver to multiple cities in the state, including Bareilly, Varanasi, Allahabad, Agra, Lucknow and Noida. We have two warehouses in the state- one in Dasna and another one newly opened in Dadri, providing a large selection of products in categories like mobile and mobile accessories, camera and camera accessories, books, footwear, computers and computer accessories and white goods. However, for any shipment sourced from outside the state, the government has set a limit of Rs. 5000/-, as per the commercial tax department. Our focus has always been to provide a seamless and unmatched shopping experience to the customers, while ensuring all compliance with the law of the land," a spokesperson told HuffPost.
According to a report in Times of India, while Flipkart said the decision was "purely business oriented", insiders said there were numerous instances of customers ordering expensive goods on the cash on delivery scheme and refusing to accept their orders.
Following Flipkart's footsteps, the following year, Amazon decided to not deliver anything that is priced over Rs5,000 to postal codes from cities like Noida or Ghaziabad.
We wonder what UP chief minister Akhilesh Yadav thinks about the reputation his state's cities are gaining.
Contact HuffPost India


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Search flights from all major airways, we search over 500 of them to search out the perfect cheap fares. The best time to book a cheap flight is a few weeks forward of your travel. To make a booking for a stretcher request, please …Read more


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One of the fundamental truths of the Bible is that God freely offers us His mercy. The fact that God freely gives us His mercy instead of us earning it is foundational to understanding how God has provided eternal salvation for us. We cannot earn God's forgiveness. We cannot pay for salvation. God gives us forgiveness of sin and His righteousness as a free gift of His mercy (Romans 6:23; Philippians 3:8-9).
But what difference does that mercy make in our lives after we receive God's forgiveness? How do we apply the reality of God's mercy in our everyday dealings with others? Luke 6:36 says, "Be ye therefore merciful, as your Father also is merciful." God's command to us is simple. Because He has shown us mercy, we must show mercy to others. That is one direct way that we apply His mercy in our lives today. As one writer said, "God's fundamental stance towards us is that of mercy, but that mercy makes a stringent demand upon us. If we receive His mercy, He expects us to reproduce that kind of mercy in all our human relationships." God's mercy is freely given to us, and it is eternity-changing. When we accept God's mercy and forgiveness, then it changes our eternal destiny. But it also is life-changing. It changes the way that we live our lives right now. When we have received God's mercy, then we have no reason to refuse mercy to someone else. The reality is that if we have accepted Christ as Savior, then God has forgiven us of far more than we will ever forgive someone else. He has shown us more mercy than we will ever need to offer someone else. But God's expectation is that we should be willing to show mercy to others.
We don't give mercy in order to receive God's mercy, nor do we give mercy in order to receive salvation. In other words, we don't show mercy to others so that our lives can be changed; we show mercy to others because of the change God has already made in our lives. Our mercy to others is the result of God's mercy in our lives. That's why Ephesians 2:8-10 says, "For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast. For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them." We're not saved by doing good things, including showing mercy to others. We are saved by God's grace through faith. But when we get saved, then God creates us new. He makes us into something new, and we are designed to be different. Part of that design is to show God's mercy to others. Because of the change in us, we must show mercy to others.
We may argue, "But they don't deserve mercy! They don't deserve my forgiveness!" Particularly when someone else offends us or hurts us deeply, we may feel that someone hasn't done enough to earn our forgiveness. But that is the point of mercy and forgiveness. Mercy and forgiveness are never deserved. We never did deserve God's mercy, and we never could earn it. God freely gave us what we could never earn, but now He has called on us to give that same mercy to others. People do offend us. People do hurt us. But we need to forgive them. We don't forgive them because of who they are or what they have done to try to earn forgiveness. We give forgiveness to others because of what God has done for us. God freely gave us His mercy when we needed it most; now He calls on us to do the same for others.
-Pastor Tim


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Connecticut receives $9 million in mental health grant funds for youth
HARTFORD >> Connecticut is receiving $9 million in federal grant money to better address the mental health needs of youths.
Gov. Dannel P. Malloy announced Monday the state will use part of the funding from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration to promote training, consultation and early identification of mental health problems in children and young adults.
The bulk of the funding will be spent on decreasing youth violence and promoting healthy child development.
Malloy said the need for mental health services for young people "became even more evident" after last year's Newtown school shooting. Authorities have not released information about the 20-year-old gunman's mental health.
The Department of Insurance has posted online resources to help families access mental health treatment, including a template to submit to insurance companies.


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4 October 2020
Future House MULTiFORMAT
AUDiOSTRiKE | 29/04/2015 | 1.88 GB
Are you looking for the most usable production resource on the market for the Future House genre? Do you want to be able to get killer releasable tracks together quickly and easily whilst also having the flexibility to stamp your own originality onto your sound? This pack contains a massive 1.5GB of content spread across the absolute highest quality audio, MIDI, presets, video tutorials and tips and tricks booklet. You can easily slot the 399 audio files into any track, whilst the 98 MIDI files allow you to arrange the sounds as you wish or produce the same melody with a different instrument. You can even combine the MIDI with the 55 presets to generate new and original sounds and hooks. Additionally we include 2 Prod-Cast video tutorials which demonstrate the techniques we used in this pack and a Mike Monday video which explores ways to focus on your mindset and mental approach to the creative process. If you want to quadruple your studio output watch this video NOW.
Included in the pack:
- 2.5 GB of Total Content
- 399 24bit 44.1kHz WAV Loops and one-shots
- 98 MIDI files
- 54 Total Presets
- 33 Spire Presets
- 11 Massive Presets
- 7 Sylenth Presets
- 2 Diva Presets
- 1 Razor Preset
- 1 x Ableton Template
- 2 x Prod-Cast Video Tutorials
- 1 x Productivity Video
- 1 x Tips and Tricks Booklet
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Future House MULTiFORMAT-AUDIOSTRiKE
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This is not an account of the criminal behavior involving some seminarians, deacons, priests, bishops and cardinals in the Catholic Church. This is a story about a bird. To understand the significance of this story two things are required: first, some knowledge of geography and second, some appreciation for theology.
There is a stretch of Pennsylvania highway, route 501, which connects the state's turnpike with the city of Lancaster. Although this truck-laden ride is relatively carefree to the north, the 8.8 miles of the southern section can get heavily bogged down. The reason is simple. The houses on either side of the street are extremely close to the road because the dwellings predate the pavement. In some spots there is enough room for a middle turning lane but this otherwise narrow thoroughfare is as wide as it can be without bulldozing a path through several living rooms.
There is a local preacher who often refers to this road as a good place to practice the virtue of patience. Why? Because a smooth 8-minute cruise can easily quadruple into a 30-minute parking lot, especially during rush hour. Other delays, like inclement weather or fender benders, are not the only causes for a frustrating snail's pace. As odd as it may seem traffic can come to sudden crawl because of a stubborn bird. For example, the other day an otherwise healthy, but nevertheless confused cardinal decided to stand his ground in the middle of the northbound lane. Honking horns only seemed to strengthen his resolve to trill back at the metal monsters who were slowly making their way around his perch into oncoming traffic which in turn was causing those vehicles to slow down and veer off to the shoulder as well. One was tempted to wonder where are the feral cats when you need them?
Tranquility seems to be in shorter supply than ever in this age of frenetic cell phone texting. Perhaps this tiny creature's chirps can teach us the value of curbing our own electronic tweets, at least long enough to appreciate the beauty of nature by practicing the virtue of patience.
We Catholics are this bird. In the midst of scandals, in a world of turmoil, in a culture of hedonism and self-centered isolation, we join hands, stand firm and patiently pray together for a renewal of baptismal vows, a repentance of sin and a deepening of faith in the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
For Holy Homework:
Let's take a leisurely stroll to any pedestrian intersection that is equipped with "walk/don't walk" crossing signs. When the sign says "walk," instead of crossing the street, let's remain on our corner until the next evolution of the sign says "walk." While waiting patiently at the curb, let's observe all the natural wonders we often take for granted. And let's thank God for the blue sky, the passing clouds, the oxygen we breathe, our food, our shelter, our loved ones and our very lives. And we can thank God for lessons learned from stubborn birds as well.
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send a check payable to Catholic New York in the amount of
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Home > Categories > Category > Waymark
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The Edmond water tower is the "largest
water tower in the country" built in 1986 it is 218 feet high and
has a capacity of half a million gallons. Manufactured by Chicago Bridge and
Iron Company. A water tower in Union, New Jersey claims the title also but only
by design. The tower in Edmond is taller and holds more water. The World's
Tallest Water Sphere in Union, New Jersey is a sphere and the tower in
Edmond is a spheroid .
Post a picture of your self with the tallest water tower in the USA the
Edmond Huskies Tower.
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Chef Automate's workflow engine automatically creates phase jobs as project code is promoted through the phases of a workflow pipeline. These phase jobs are dispatched to special nodes, called runners, that automatically execute each job as it is created.
phase job
A job corresponding to a phase (for example, your build cookbook's unit recipe).
Any node that a job can be dispatched to. Usually refers to a node that will run a phase job.
Managing Runners
Adding a Runner
You can add a new runner via
automate-ctl from your Chef Automate
server. Log in to your Chef Automate server and run the
install-runner command.
option on the
install-runner command or by using a version of ChefDK
that you have installed locally on your Chef Automate server using the
-I option. As an example, this is useful if you have not upgraded your
cookbooks to be Chef Client 13 compliant and the latest version of
ChefDK installs Chef Client 13 on your runner.
After the install-runner
command succeeds, the new runner should show up in the UI under
Workflow -> Runners -> Manage Runners. If you see it there, click the
Test button. That will test an ssh connection to your runner to verify
that jobs can be dispatched to it. If there are any issues, you should
get an error in the UI.
Supported runner platforms are listed here.
Removing a Runner
You can delete a runner via
automate-ctl from your Chef Automate
server. Log in to your Chef Automate server and run the
After the
delete-runner command succeeds, the specified runner should
be deleted from the UI under
Workflow -> Runners -> Manage Runners.
Runner can also be removed using the
delivery-cli-api command.
To see a list of runners:
delivery api get runners
To delete a runner:
delivery api delete runners/<runner_hostname>
Upgrading the version of ChefDK on a Runner
If you need to upgrade the version of ChefDK on your runner, you can do so by logging into the runner, upgrading ChefDK, and manually appending the Chef Automate server certificate to the cert file that ships in ChefDK.
Typically, we recommend re-running the
install-runner command rather
than manually updating as the installation process will take care of
this certification change for you when it bootstraps the node.
Configuring Chef Automate Projects
Chef Automate 0.6 or later can use runners, and when setting up a
project using
delivery setup, ChefDK v1.1.16 or later specifies the
use of runners in the
./delivery/config.json file. If you are running
an older version of ChefDK, or your
config.json was set up to use Push
Jobs-based build nodes, you must edit the file in the following manner:
At the bare minimum, you must set the version to v2:
"job_dispatch": {
"version": "v2"
and remove the
build_nodes setting from
"build_nodes": {
"default" : ["name:name_of_builder"]
You can also set which runners you want jobs to run on for your project. You can set default, per phase, and matrix per phase filters to customize exactly which runners are targeted at various points of your pipeline. Refer to the job_dispatch configuration settings for more details and examples.
For more detail on
config.json, see its
Cancelling Jobs
You can cancel queued or running phase jobs in the new job dispatch system. Simply click the trash can in the UI next to a phase run from the change view for the job you wish to cancel.
Managing and Inspecting Jobs
You can see the job queue, running jobs, what your runners are currently doing, runner health, and so on. Navigate to Workflow -> Runners in the UI to see all the possibilities.
Job Dispatch and Push Jobs
Any project configured to use runners will not use Push Jobs as the transport mechanism for managing the phase builds (unit, lint, provision, etc.). Push Jobs is still required to execute the delivery_push_job resource that the delivery-sugar cookbook exposes. This means that if you use the default deploy.rb recipe from delivery-truck, then Push Jobs is still used within the deploy phase.
The SSH-based Job Dispatch system used with runners is not a replacement for Push Jobs. Job Dispatch is a targeted solution for managing phase builds and Push Jobs allows users to perform remote tasks on pools of nodes. Job Dispatch uses SSH connections and allows additional features, such as cancelling jobs.


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IT Veteran
Aaron Hampton has over 20 years of product development, leadership, and management experience covering the US military, non-profit, and for-profit sectors. His diverse background enables his entrepreneurial drive, fascination with technology, Marine Corps discipline, and passion for principle to converge to reach new levels of innovation and achievement in the areas in which he serves.
Aaron currently serves as the Regional IS Manager for Northern Tool + Equipment where he manages the IT/IS infrastructure and applications for the Northern Tool's primary distribution center in the US.
In addition to the technology and management skills at Northern, Aaron has contributed his product development, business process development, and organizational management skills in a variety of roles in the United States Marine Corps, an international non-profit called The Way International where he served on the President's Cabinet and Director of IT, and as a consultant to several startups.
When he's not shipping Northern's product, he's enjoying time with his lovely wife and toddler son, helping other's improve their quality of life through spiritual development, or advancing his own startup, enDevelopment LLC, the makers of CommonCents personal finance software. (CommonCentsSoftware.com).


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Is Bachelor Pad's Chris really apologizing to Jamie or just telling her another lie?
In this exclusive deleted scene from this past episode, Chris tells Jamie that he's sorry for rejecting her the night before.
"I want to tell you that everything I've told you from the first time we talked; I really mean it," Chris says. "I am attracted to you and maybe after the show, maybe there's something there."
Bachelor Pad Host Chris Harrison: Reid got his hand caught in the cookie jar — again
While Chris could be sincere, host Chris Harrison recently told us that the Chicago native's arrogance only gets worse on Monday's episode.
"His arrogance really is astounding," Harrison said. "The audacity is stunning in a sad way for him."
See what Jamie's reaction is to Chris' apology below:
Bachelor Pad airs on Mondays at 8/7c on ABC.