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WOULDN'T trust Australia to build a canoe? Check out the problems the United States is having with its new $17bn aircraft carrier.
For $US17 billion a pop ($US13 billion if somebody else is paying for the research and development costs) you'd expect some big bangs for your buck.
In the case of the US Navy's latest and most advanced supercarrier, the glossy brochure certainly makes the promises.
It's 100,000 tonnes of awesome at 337m long and 78m wide. Inside the 25 decks hold some 4200 officers and sailors. Two nuclear reactors are intended to power this behemoth through the water at more than 30 nautical miles an hour (56km/h).
The object of its existence is to carry its 60 combat aircraft to within range of a target, launch them, land them, refuel and repair them.
U.S. Navy Tests Electromagnetic Aircraft Catapult
The U.S. Navy tested its Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System, EMALS, in Virginia. The catapult will launch huge fighter jets into the sky from U.S. Navy aircraft carriers. Photo: U.S. Navy
There is a problem, however.
The first of this ultra-advanced class of ships, the USS Gerald R. Ford, has been delivered to the US Navy for testing.
The never-before seen electromagnetic aircraft launch system (EMALS) appears to be a bit dodgy.
It's still experimental, you see. At some point it was decided to incorporate this cutting-edge technology into the ship even before testing and development work was completed.
Each of the planned four catapults is supposed to use electrically-controlled and generated magnets to sling 36 tonnes of heavily laden aircraft into the air.
Ten years later the ship's ready. The electromagnetic catapult isn't.
Apparently, it misfires. Exactly how often is somewhat confused: the US Navy does not seem keen to reveal the latest figures. According to defence industry sources, it's either once in every 10 slings — or one in every 240.
Given a string of failures at a recent media public relations event where weighted sleds wire shot off the ship at low-power settings, the former figure seems more closer to reality than the latter.
Even the 240 figure is scary when you take into account the supercarrier is intended to launch 120 aircraft each day. When you consider this means throwing away a perfectly good $60 million F/A-18 Super Hornet or $100 million F-35C Lightning II (and their pilots) each time, it could get real expensive real fast.
If the catapult's manufacturer can't get it right soon the only other option is to cut the USS Ford open, rip it out — and rebuild the ship around the old-style system.
But there's more.
It seems aircraft cannot land on the USS Gerald R. Ford either.
Aircraft are 'trapped' on the deck of an aircraft carrier when hooks slung beneath their tails 'grab' a wire slung across the ship. A complex array of pulleys and hydraulics haul the heavy aircraft to a stop fast — but not too fast.
Once again, in the case of this super carrier it's out with the old and in with a largely untested, unproven new concept.
Once again, the ship is ready. The arresting gear isn't.
It reportedly has a failure rate of once in every five landings. An urgent, but untested, upgrade is being retrofitted to the ship.
If these problems aren't fixed fast, and we're talking by March next year, the US Navy faces a severe capability gap. Its older nuclear aircraft carriers have been used hard amid all the wars of recent decades. They're tired. The USN also says it cannot afford to refuel and refurbish the older USS George Washington — even though it's only half way through its designed life cycle.
An assault carrier without the assault, or the carry
The US Navy's super carriers aren't the only ships suffering from overoptimistic expectations.
It also appears to be the case with the USS America — an amphibious assault ship intended to support the deployment of US Marines.
Strangely, it was built without any of the usual amphibious capabilities associated with the task: The ability to carry landing craft, hover craft — or even to offload trucks and tanks to a wharf.
Instead it was built to carry F-35B Lightning II jump jets and Osprey heavy lift aircraft. It's really just an aircraft carrier going under another name.
The 45,000 tonne warship was accepted into service amid the usual fanfare last year.
It since turns out the ship isn't really ready — and neither are the aircraft.
The USS America is back in dock having her deck pulled apart. It was discovered it couldn't handle the heat generated by landing F-35s and Ospreys.
The B variant of the F-35 is designed for short takeoff and vertical landing: It lands by directing the full force of its jet engine downward. It appears this can burn through decks.
Why this is a problem is yet to be fully explained: The USS America was supposedly designed specifically to operate the F-35B.
The fix, reportedly, will never be complete. This aircraft carrier will permanently have limits on how may F-35B Lightning IIs and Ospreys it can land each day.
As the Lightning II is not yet ready to go to sea, the USS America will have to contend with only the Osprey's down draft for the foreseeable future.
Britain waves goodbye to ruling the waves
The US isn't the only nation struggling to find reality among defence industry marketing and politics.
The first of Britain's two Queen Elizabeth class aircraft carriers is due to be handed over next month.
It's the first time in three decades that the proud seafaring nation has had a 'real' aircraft carrier. The three Illustrious-class ships it recently scrapped were designated 'through-deck cruisers' to fool politicians into thinking they were cheaper than the real thing.
But there is a problem.
This huge new carrier is not fitted with a catapult. Nor does it have arrestor wires.
It's a choice made to save money: Even the old versions of these technologies don't come cheap.
This shouldn't have been a problem when it came to Queen Elizabeth's intended air group — F-35B Lightning II short take off, vertical landing fighters.
Problem is, these aircraft are almost a decade behind schedule. No operational examples have yet been delivered and many technical hurdles are yet to be overcome.
For the UK, there is no fallback. Britain's force of Sea Harriers and RAF ground-attack Harriers have long since been scrapped: To save money.
And its small force of Typhoon combat jets isn't designed for use on aircraft carriers. Even if they were, they'd need a catapult and arresting wires …
The end result? Two enormous aircraft carriers without aircraft, for the foreseeable future at least.


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The Truth About Emotional Healing, According to the Groundbreaking Founder of Thinx
Erin Hanafy・September 8, 2016
You may know Miki Agrawal from the company she founded, Thinx, which is taking menstrual realness to new heights with its period-ready panties (one of the first major steps forward in feminine products since 1929, when the modern-day tampon was invented) and edgy, in-your-face ad campaigns.
But what you may not know is that Agrawal built her buzzy New York City-based company while she was dealing with major health challenges.
After suffering from heart palpitations so intense, they caused massive sweating, in 2013 Agrawal sought the help of an endocrinologist, who diagnosed her with acute hyperthyroidism—a condition in which the thyroid gland is overactive, essentially speeding up everything in your body, leading to weight loss, anxiety, sleep problems, and more.
Then he delivered a devastating prognosis.
"He said you have two options: one is to take your thyroid out, or two, is to do radioactive iodine therapy. And with either one of these scenarios, you'll have to take medication the rest of your life," she recalls.
"I was like, 'Those are my two options? That's it?'" says Agrawal, who was 33 at the time.
"I thought, oh my God am I going to have to be reliant on medication forever? What if I'm stuck on a desert island? Am I going to die? I had to take control of the rest of my life and really just double down on my health. So I decided to dive in and become a student of my body."
She took on the figure-it-out-ness of this health mission with the zeal of a serial entrepreneur (which she is—before founding Thinx in 2014, she started a chain of gluten-free pizza restaurants called Wild, which is still thriving).
First she adjusted her diet to eliminate all sugar, dairy, gluten, and processed foods for three months, inspired by Clean, the book by Alejandro Junger, MD. And the sweat sesh lover (and ex-college soccer player) kept up a regular yoga practice, as well as a 20-minute daily meditation.
"It was so empowering to just say, 'I am taking control of my health and I'm doing it. I don't care how fucking long it takes.'"
"I did it for three months, and we did bloodwork again, and my thyroid levels had really improved," she says. Encouraged by the progress, she dove headfirst into the holistic world: "I saw a seer, I went to see a hypnotist, I did sound healing—I went to three different sound healers! I got regular massages, I went to my life coach. If it was out there, I tried it."
In 2015, she began seeing functional medicine bigwig Mark Hyman, MD, who did a full battery of tests to look for any food allergies—and actually discovered that she had acquired giardia (a parasitic infection in the gut). He was able to resolve it with medication, which further helped her overall health.
Today, Agrawal says her thyroid levels have almost normalized, and the medication she takes—originally prescribed at four pills a day—has now been reduced by her doctors to half a pill per day.
"It was so empowering to just say, 'I am taking control of my health and I'm doing it. I don't care how fucking long it takes. And whatever lifestyle changes I have to make, I'm doing it,'" she says.
"And I did it, and it worked. And it's undeniable because your blood levels don't lie."
How did she do it? Read on for five of the things Agrawal credits with helping her get her health back.
1. Speak and act with integrity
More than anything, Agrawal credits her recovery to emotional healing, which started with an idea that has become a mantra for her: doing things "in integrity with" her whole self.
"Sometimes my mouth is saying, 'Hi! How's it going?' but my heart is saying, 'You were mean to me. Or you're a jerk.' And so the channel isn't clear," Agrawal says, echoing the experience of many women who believe that people-pleasing can literally make you sick.
"When this channel is blocked—this is your thyroid right here," she says, pointing to her throat, "If your throat chakra is blocked, you're going to be in conflict with yourself."
Since she began working with life coach Lauren Zander in 2014, Agrawal says that she has made huge progress in integrating what she thinks, feels, and says—and she's seen her physical health improve along with it.
"I feel like the biggest transition I made has really been in clearing that channel; really, truly owning what I'm saying and what I'm feeling and thinking," she says.
2. Follow the 12-hour food rule
In addition to eating a fruit- and veggie-heavy diet ("I'd say I'm i'm 95 percent no sugar, no gluten, no dairy"), Agrawal pays attention to when she eats. "I always make sure there's 12 hours between dinner and breakfast," she says. "It takes eight hours for your body to digest the food and it takes four hours for the body to clean itself. I've been doing that since the beginning, when I did the Dr. Junger elimination diet—and that small rule makes a huge difference."
3. Find the supplements for you
"I'm taking vitamin B12 and D3, and a lot of people with thyroid issues are deficient in those," she says. "My doctor didn't really tell me that. In the last six months, I've started taking those and it's really improved."
4. Take breath breaks
In addition to being dedicated to a daily meditation practice, Agrawal is a big believer in the power of breathing exercises: "I have three reminders on my phone, four times a day to take three long deep breaths. I just let my shoulders soften and focus on my thyroid. And in just three deep breaths, I'm just calmer."
5. Let go of negative people in your life
"In 2015 I had a lot of really hard conversations," she says. "I just faced everybody, and I eliminated the negative people in my life, both professionally and personally. And since then my thyroid levels have normalized."
And Agrawal says 2015 was a year of breakthroughs, both in her recovery and for Thinx (the company burst onto the scene that year with its battle to advertise in New York City subways) and for her recovery.
Agrawal—whose 20something staffers buzz around her at Thinx's New York City office, excitedly updating her with ideas she needs to hear—has clearly cultivated a culture of positivity at the start-up, an outgrowth of the gratitude she feels for her healthy business and her healthy body.
"When you're in the throes of your business and you're [wondering], are we going to succeed, are we going to fail? I'm having these challenging relationships, I'm having all these health things, and it's just like: don't forget that you're alive. I get to be alive in this incredible world right now. Holy shit, that's remarkable. That's miraculous."
Another thyroid-challenged woman in the public eye? Gina Rodriguez, who shares her wellness advice. And if you want to live "in integrity" like Agrawal, you might start with conquering your inner mean girl.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Independent Remote Hotmail Technical Support Phone Number +1-888-593-4845
One of the first webmail founded by Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith is Hotmail which later was acquired by Microsoft and was renamed to Outlook.com. Across Globe, 360 million users are of Hotmail to whom Microsoft gave the option of changing the domain. Later Microsoft synchronized all the email account of users to window devices and integrated services with Skype, one drive, Microsoft office a single log into all account proliferate mass market across the worldwide. On the Conflicting side, Outlook.com support Chrome, Mozilla and Safari browser. Connect to 800 Support Number for more information to Hotmail account. Need any kind of instant Hotmail Technical Support, just make a call at our toll-free number, 24*7.
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To have smooth running Hotmail account it is essential to clear all tech issues. From sending or receiving emails, configuration settings, server check for incoming or outgoing messages, login id and password lost and mail etc. All special technical knowledge and skills to set your Hotmail account for uninterrupted mailing. Connect to Hotmail Technical Support Number for getting all your issues resolved in no time. After getting all your issues to Hotmail account getting fixed you can enjoy emailing through outlook with login id and password.
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We 800 Support Number is an independent third party support service provider to Hotmail Account technical issues. Get your Hotmail account issues resolved by connecting to our qualified, certified, capable tech experts which you can access by calling to Hotmail Customer Support Number for assistance.Feel free to call on our toll-free number and get assisted for correcting the tech issues for the smooth running of Hotmail account by receiving and sending the email messages.


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With bank holiday weekend just around the corner this feels like the perfect time to let you know that the brand new Leisure Lift is now in stock and available for immediate purchase. Leisure Lift is the flagship product in our new Leisure Access Range of Motorhome and Caravan Accessibility Aids.
If you are planning a trip away this bank holiday in your motorhome or caravan but not looking forward to getting in and out of it, (is what once was so easy now somewhat challenging?!). Leisure Lift means you can continue to enjoy a relaxing weekend in your Leisure vehicle.
It is a raised platform lift with 12V plug and can either be powered from the vehicles leisure battery or using the Leisure Lift convertor (available separately) plugged into a standard plug socket.
Wheels on the Leisure Lift make it easy to position and can be easily folded for stowage. The total weight is just 19kg. It is just as easy to operate too with simple remote controller. It has a handy support rail and strong robust design.
Watch our new launch video to see all the ways Leisure Lift can transform your motorhome and caravan holidays.
Leisure Lift from Brook Miller's new Leisure Access range
But act fast if you wish to purchase a Leisure Lift before the next bank holiday (just weeks away… don't we all love May!) As although the Leisure Lift is new in stock due to pre-orders we have a limited availability remaining from the first production run so act fast to secure your order!
Purchases can be made through www.leisureaccess.co.uk or by contacting Brook Miller Mobility on 0800 064 4454


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Twittering Machine #3 (Mandela Effect)Sleep is one part of our day yet to be completely monetized by capitalism. We drink highly caffeinated beverages to stay awake, and purchase sleep aids to finally go to sleep in the hope of achieving a healthy rejuvenating night's rest. Sleep is the one resource that seems to be sacrificed first, when asked to do more with less. We continually optimize and look for efficiencies, throughout our daily activities and many of us now wear biometric devices to monitor and optimize our sleep. As we increase our waking activities and sleep so much less, ironically we seem to be asleep when it comes to creating change in the world. We no longer have time for wasteful activities such as daydreaming. Sleep is a virtual private space where our unconscious mind can explore our hopes and fears through dreams and nightmares.
Further Resources
False Memory
(Redirected from Mandela Effect)
A false memory is the psychological phenomenon where a person recalls something that did not happen. False memory is often considered in legal cases regarding childhood sexual abuse. This phenomenon was initially investigated by psychological pioneers Pierre Janet and Sigmund Freud. Freud wrote The Aetiology of Hysteria, where he discussed repressed memories of childhood sexual trauma in their relation to hysteria. Elizabeth Loftus has, since her debuting research project in 1974, been a lead researcher in memory recovery and false memories. False memory syndrome recognizes false memory as a prevalent part of one's life in which it affects the person's mentality and day-to-day life. False memory syndrome differs from false memory in that the syndrome is heavily influential in the orientation of a person's life, while false memory can occur without this significant effect. The syndrome takes effect because the person believes the influential memory to be true. However, its research is controversial and the syndrome is excluded from identification as a mental disorder and, therefore, is also excluded from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. False memory is an important part of psychological research because of the ties it has to a large number of mental disorders, such as PTSD.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


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1000s of diverse titles published since 1974
Learn how to make colorful, gorgeously patterned rugs using the 200-year-old techniques of the Shakers. The author researched and analyzed textiles at five historic Shaker village sites before developing a method to create new versions of these classics. You'll learn how ten original rugs were woven and then get detailed instructions on how to make ten reproduction rugs, with full explanations of the dyeing, the warp material, the weft materials, and how to weave, as well as instructions for weaving Shaker tapes. Learn about the history of the Shakers in America and the impact of their craftsmanship on our arts tradition. Like all items used in daily Shaker life, these rugs have three outstanding characteristics: they are unusual in their design, they are perfect for the purpose they are meant to serve, and they are beautiful in quality.
Size: 8 1/2″ x 11″ | 89 color photos | 144 pp
ISBN13: 9780764349072 | Binding: Concealed wire-O
Mary Elva Congleton Erf is widely recognized as an authority on Shaker textiles and has taught workshops throughout the U.S. and Australia. She has woven textiles for the Shaker Retiring Room at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, as well as reproduction Shaker rugs for the Shaker villages at Pleasant Hill, Kentucky; Canterbury, New Hampshire; and Hancock, Massachusetts. She is also the author of Shaker Towels for the 21st Century and Tiny Textiles, a collection of miniature, handwoven, documented nineteenth-century textiles, which includes a Shaker textile.


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Learn Song Writing with an expert music instructor. Put your words to music. Combine elements of music composition with poetry in your songwriting. Discover how to set words of your very own to different rhythms and add melody or harmony to your verse.
Looking at music is reading it. Playing music is speaking it. Composing music is writing it. The best way to learn music is to immerse oneself in the composition process. Creating music is an exciting endeavor. Students who learn how to play music should learn how to write music too.
We have one-to-one private lessons and classes in Song Writing and Composition.
Song Writing & Composition
Course Outline
Students will start with three basic elements | Piano Basics, Theory 101 and Song Form.
- Piano Basics
- Learning treble and bass clef
- Learning notes, note ranges of the keyboard
- Establishing middle C (C4)
- Playing basic piano in C position
- Simple Time Signatures
- Theory
- Music notation basics
- treble clef, bass clef, notes and other music symbols
- Notes and rests values
- Melody & Harmony
- Melodic and Harmonic intervals
- Basic chord building, I, IV & V
- Combing melody and harmony for simple chord progressions
- Two-Part writing
- Music notation basics
- Song Form
- ABA Form
- Popular, Jazz & Blues song forms
Our song writing & composition 101 course is offered as a group class or private instruction and specific content and objectives will be tailored towards each student's musical background and performance instrument.
End of Semester Expectations | Students should be able to write a playable 12-16 measure, two part, ABA or plain song form in C Major, using basic music notation for piano.
Contact us to learn about our Course Syllabus for Song Writing 2, 3 & 4.
Music Notes Students
East Brunswick, North Brunswick, South Brunswick, New Brunswick, Somerset, Milltown, Old Bridge, Highland Park, Helmetta, Monroe, Spotswood, Sayreville, South River, Piscataway, Edison, South Plainfield, Scotch Plains, Green Brook, Dunellen, Watchung, Warren, Metuchen, Woodbridge, Cranbury, Monmouth Junction, Princeton, Bridgewater and more.
Music Notes Students
Whitehouse Station, Readington, Flemington, Califon, Glen Gardner, Bridgewater, Peapack-Gladstone, Bernardsville, Hillsborough, Ringoes, Belle Mead, Manville, Somerville, Branchburg, Bedminster, Basking Ridge, Chester, Martinsville and more.


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It has been reported that county residents have been receiving phone calls regarding their failure to appear for jury service and a warrant has been issued for their arrest. THIS IS A SCAM. Williamson County District and County Courts as per a longstanding policy will NEVER call an individual and ask for money, gift cards, money orders, etc. for payment to clear the warrant for failure to appear for jury. Please do not send money to these individuals when requested. Contact your local law enforcement agency.
Jurors are randomly selected by the county computer system from a source which combines current Williamson County voter registration list and residents of the county that hold a valid Texas drivers license or a valid personal identification card or certificate issued by the Department of Public Safety. District Clerk Lisa David serves as the jury manager for Williamson County.
Jurors may be selected to serve in the District Courts, County Courts at Law, or in the Justice Courts. For questions about jury service in the Justice Courts, please contact the appropriate court. If you have questions about jury service in other courts, please see the Texas Uniform Jury Handbook, or the answers to several frequently asked questions below:


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Are you attacking German on all its major fronts?
Be honest. How much time do you actively spend writing in German?
The truth doesn't have to hurt.
Got reading, listening and speaking covered while writing slips through the cracks?
It's a fairly common problem amongst German learners. All the tools that we use nowadays for German language learning, technological or otherwise, don't always have a big writing component to them. Textbooks encourage you to write, but nobody's there forcing you to really spend time writing. Putting a pen to paper may seem like a stretch of the imagination.
You've probably devoted that precious learning time to studying noun cases, adjective endings and other new German concepts instead.
You've been improving your listening skills through radio and podcasts as well as movies and TV shows.
You're reading German news and blogs. Maybe you've decided to stick with children's books for the beginning phrase of learning.
But where does the writing fit in? Is it possible you're neglecting this important area of learning the language?
I mean after all, German has produced some of the most prolific and well-known literary works in the world and remains an important academic language even in today's world. And those are just two of many reasons to learn German.
Yet many learners are lagging behind in the writing department. If that's you, don't worry — learn how to make up for it.
Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)
Why You Need to Invest Time in German Writing Practice
While you may argue that your primary objective is to speak German fluently, writing is an important step toward that goal. The act of putting words down on paper (or onto a screen) is a whole different deal than talking. Writing is a more deliberate way of processing language and therefore offers you some unique help in acquiring new language.
1. You can learn at your own tempo
Talking in a foreign language requires to you interact in real time. That can be stressful and you might miss out on a lot of nuances. Paper, on the other hand, is patient. You can think about your sentences while writing, go back to revise, correct your errors, get a better feel for grammatical structures and become familiar with overall linguistic rules.
2. It's excellent practice ground for more complex grammar
Since we're talking about grammar: when speaking, it's easy to go the path of least resistance by using the few phrases you already know over and over. Unless you're deliberately pushing yourself, you're probably sticking with your guns and using short and simple sentences.
That's not a crime, mind you (not even in Germany). However, it might keep you confined in your language skills. Writing, with its slower tempo, allows you to dip your feet into more complex rules and give them a whirl before integrating new grammar structures into your everyday speech.
3. You can practice by yourself
Speaking inherently requires more than one person (unless the voices in your head are able to answer in fluent German). Since you can not always have a language partner at hand and not everyone gets to live with German host family, having some form of solo practice is important.
Writing is one form. While it's quite a good idea to have someone available who can look over your literary outpourings and correct it (more on that later), the act of writing in itself is a one-person job. All you German-studying introverts out there, take advantage of this fact!
How to Stop Letting German Writing Practice Slip Through the Cracks
Okay, now that you're thoroughly convinced of the tremendous improvements that writing will bring to your German studies, it's time to have a look at how to go about integrating this new practice method into your existing language learning routine.
1. Read first, write second
Before you can be a producer of prize-winning German prose, you first need to become a consumer. Pretty much all prolific writers out there are also voracious readers. What works for authors can't be wrong for aspiring German scribblers. So, go out and read, read, read. Material for beginners includes:
- Children's books
- Magazines
- Comic books/Cartoons
- Newspapers
- Blogs
- Tabloid papers
- Young fiction novels
- Fairy tales
2. Find a pen pal or tutor
As mentioned earlier, finding a native speaker to correct your writing is an excellent idea. Being self-correcting at something you're not good at is intrinsically hard because you have to rely on guesswork and trial-and-error. One the other hand, for someone who's already an expert on the topic at hand, polishing up prose comes naturally.
I therefore recommend that you find a tutor in one form or another. That can be a real-life language partner or a pen pal. Places to find the latter are:
To make your relationship a success, find someone who's just as eager to improve as you are. When correcting their writing, provide detailed feedback and annotations and have them return the favor. That way you can both grow in your proficiency and ramp up your knowledge in the shortest amount of time.
3. Set a schedule
When attempting to learn a new skill, consistency beats effort every time. You've probably heard about the hare and the turtle (which, by the way, are Der Hase und Der Igel — the hare and a hedgehog — in German). Slow and steady wins the race and all that.
Therefore, when trying to learn to write German, make sure you practice on a daily basis. Aim for process instead of achievement. It's better to do less regularly than more occasionally. Five sentences are enough for starters. The topic is up to you. Just make sure you get it done.
4. Start simple
In the same vein, don't be overly ambitious with your material. While ambition is generally a good thing, too much of it can lead to frustration. Develop a tolerance and an acuity for the level you're at.
If you've just learned to string together subject, verb and object, don't try to jump right into subjunctive II and the pluperfect. Moderation young Padawan! Get comfortable at your current level first before moving on.
5. Slowly move up to advanced topics
Consistently take it up a notch. Once you're confident that you've mastered a certain grammatical topic, move on to more complex areas.
For example:
1. Learn simple sentence structure:
Ich esse Brot. Du kaufst Bier. Er trinkt Wasser.
2. Then include additional elements such as location, manner and time designation:
Ich esse heute Brot. Du kaufst Bier im Supermarkt. Er trinkt gerne Wasser.
3. Maybe switch to simple past:
Ich aß Brot. Du kauftest Bier. Er trank Wasser.
4. And do the same in that tense:
Ich aß gestern Brot. Du kauftest Bier im Supermarkt. Er trank gerne Wasser.
Or instead of learning syntax, you could concentrate on practicing German cases, adjective endings or compound nouns.
By progressing slowly like that, soon you'll arrive at writing gems like this:
Ich wäre gestern abend mit meinem kleinen Bruder in der Kneipe an der Straße etwas essen gegangen, wenn nicht im letzten Moment der Schlauch an meinem Fahrrad gerissen wäre.
"I would have eaten something with my little brother in the pub on the street last night, if the inner tube of my bicycle hadn't ruptured in the last moment."
6. Work on weak spots
Take copious notes on what you'd like to say but can't. Note down where you're still blocked. Share what you write with your tutor and go over their corrections to figure out where your strengths and weaknesses lie. You'll screw up some stuff over and over while other things will roll from your fingertips like you're a native.
Make note of the former and compile a "worst of" list detailing the German phrase structures, tenses and other grammatical phenomena that you're struggling with. This will enable you to address these weak spots in a targeted manner. Put aside some time only to work on what you find most difficult. You'll see that it's possible to turn weakness into strength.
Writing in German is a skill like everything else. All it takes is consistent practice, qualified feedback and continuously cranking up the challenge level.
Don't be afraid to start small. Going through a "caveman phase," where everything in your new language sounds like coming from a Neanderthal is normal (and fun). You might not become the next Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, however, practicing German writing might get you to the point where you can read him in the original. And that's worth a lot.
Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)
And One More Thing…
To ensure you're not letting any of your precious German skill sets slip through the cracks, check out FluentU.
FluentU takes great videos and turns them into language learning experiences so that you can learn real German as people really speak it:
Watching a fun video, but having trouble understanding it? FluentU brings native videos within reach with interactive transcripts.
You can tap on any word to look it up instantly. Every definition has examples that have been written to help you understand how the word is used. If you see an interesting word you don't know, you can add it to a vocab list.
And FluentU isn't just for watching videos. It's a complete platform for learning. It's designed to effectively teach you all the vocabulary from any video. Swipe left or right to see more examples of the word you're on.
The best part is that FluentU keeps track of the vocabulary that you're learning, and it recommends you examples and videos based on the words you've already learned. This is a level of personalization that hasn't been done before.
Start using FluentU on the website with your computer or tablet or, better yet, download the FluentU app from the iTunes store or Google Play store.
If you liked this post, something tells me that you'll love FluentU, the best way to learn German with real-world videos.


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My Nonprofit Reviews
Review for South Of Market Mercy Housing, Denver, CO, USA
How would you like to live in a building where your neighbors drink and drug all day and then try to murder each other at night and the building management does absolutely nothing to stop it??? Welcome to The Rose on 6th St. San Francisco which is run by Mercy Housing. They are completely incompetent, uneducated, and neglectful of their tenants. Their management philosophy consists of hiring the most low class unqualified individuals that they can find, providing them with little to no training or supervision and then putting them in charge of buildings occupied by the most mentally ill, alcoholic, drug addicted individuals on the planet. Then they sit back collecting tax payer money and then blame the victim when one tenant is attacked by another tenant.
They let violent criminals move into our building. And they KNEW they were violent criminals because in order to move in you must provide Mercy Housing with a copy of a police rap sheet. Mercy allowed them to drink and drug, and deal drugs in the building as much as they wanted and they could beat people up whenever they wanted. Tenants have gotten beaten up and stabbed by other tenants. And Mercy Housing did NOTHING to prevent it. They would serve time in jail and as soon as they were released they would move right back into The Rose. One of my neighbors was sleeping one night and another tenant came into his room and threw boiling hot oil all over him. Mercy Housing didn't care. They still continue to let violent thugs move into our building and beat up whoever they want whenever they want. They can even set fire to the place and they wont get evicted. And this is a building that also houses the poor, the elderly and handicapped. Which is why most tenants refer to The Rose as Merciless Housing.
My friend on the 2nd floor was handicapped and could not move around without a wheelchair. Mercy Housing refused to build a handicapped accessible shower for him. Mercy housing refused to build handicapped accessible fire exit for him.
Please...if you are concerned about your life and dignity...stay away from Mercy Housing. Please do not give these people any more donations or Government contracts.
They are the worst. The absolute World's Worst. The only reason they are in the business of supportive housing is so they can line their own pockets with lucrative government contracts while providing the bare minimum for their tenants. The tenants can drink and drug and kill each other if they want to as long as they are paying the rent on time that's all Mercy Housing really cares about.
Top CEO Lillian Murphy makes $635K/yr. Bet she lives in a nice house
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Anyone else have a huge stack of fabric scraps just waiting for a project?
I don't really even sew that much, but I still have quite the stash of scraps building up. (Sure, I do dabble in sewing a tad--an occasional bag or something like that. These aprons were a HUGE undertaking for me.) I'd thought about some sort of patch-work project (I have a real thing for patchwork--I'm still saving my old corduroy for that), but nothing specific was in mind.
Then I visited my friend Sally for one of her kids' birthdays, and I saw this super-fun pennant banner she made with fabric. I instantly knew that THAT was the project for my scraps--I'd be making myself a banner with all my fabric scraps for sure!
This was a really easy project, and I think the results turned out great--cute, kind of whimsical, a bit of a vintage-vibe. It was so cute that I made 2 banners, each about 20 feet long. I used it for a "Welcome Summer Vacation!" celebration when my daughter got home from the last day of school. I have high-plans of using them for a summer ice cream party and birthdays and whenever we feel like we could use a little pizazz!
So, to make the banner, I first purchased a spool of thin rope. I know my friend Sally said she used some string she bought at the dollar store. Pretty much anything will work! I just happened to see this hot pink string one day at CAL Ranch and thought it'd be super cute for this project.
Then I used my handy-dandy, newly-acquired rotary cutter (why oh why did it take me so long to get one of these? The job seriously went 10 times quicker. Maybe 100 times. I soooo wish I had it for the rag rug!) to cut out triangles of fabric.
And that's it! Like I said, really easy. Kind of a no-brainer craft (it's so nice to do those sometimes). :)
I will say though, it didn't use up as much of my fabric scraps as I thought it would! Now I still have enough for all sorts of projects plus these cute pennant banners.
What kind of projects do you have in mind for your fabric scraps?


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Presented at ETS in New Orleans (March 8, 2019)
Abstract: Mere Molinism (the view that God possesses middle knowledge and humans occasionally possess libertarian freedom) bears wide-reaching benefits to many arguments in the apologist's repertoire. Soteriological Molinism (applying Mere Molinism to issues pertaining to salvation) offers even more. This essay surveys several key features of multiple apologetics-based arguments demonstrating how each assume or are strengthened by the theology of Luis de Molina. This includes a well-known argument against God's existence dubbed as the Problem of Evil (both moral and natural versions) and applies Molinism to several arguments in the Cumulative Case. The arguments within the scope of Molinism's reach include the Freethinking Argument, the Kalam Cosmological Argument, the Moral Argument, and the Fine-Tuning Argument. Ultimately, this paper demonstrates that the Molinist has logically consistent access to far more apologetics-based arguments than those holding to a competing view of divine sovereignty.
A pastor recently asked me if all of my research and writing regarding Molinism is nothing but a "colossal waste of time." After all, why should an apologist—whose mission is to argue for the truth of Christianity—spend so much time promoting a specific Christian theology, especially when it is over such a seemingly peripheral and non-essential issue? This pastor believed that my time, as a Christian apologist, would be better spent arguing against atheism alone. I responded by explaining how Molinism is the greatest threat to the atheist worldview today.
In my experience, not only do I find myself defending Molinism from the likes of Calvinists and Open Theists, but I am also amazed to see the vigor in which atheists also oppose Molina's doctrine of middle knowledge![1] After all, why should the atheist care what view some Christian holds of divine sovereignty and human responsibility? It comes down to the fact that Molinism destroys (as Paul says in 2 Corinthians 10:5) their favorite argument raised against the knowledge of God—the so-called, "problem of evil."
Mere Molinism, entails two essential ingredients:
1- Logically prior to God's decision to create the world, God knew everything that would happen in any possible scenario He could create (entails God's middle knowledge).
2- As beings created in the image of God, humans, like God, possess libertarian freedom (the ability to choose between a range of options each compatible with one's nature).
One can move beyond "Mere Molinism" and apply these two essentials to soteriological issues (which is not necessary), and become a "soteriological Molinist" by affirming a third ingredient:
3- God is a maximally great being who loves and desires the best for all people.
A soteriological view of Molinism entails each of these three key ingredients. Competing views, however, will deny at least one of these vital points. For example, Open Theists deny that God possesses middle knowledge of possible worlds within His power to create.[2] Calvinists and other divine determinists regularly reject the notion of human libertarian freedom and often dismiss the omnibenevolence of God.[3]
As we will see, at least one of the three key aspects of Molinism is connected with each of the following apologetics-based arguments. With this in mind, it seems that Molinism has logically consistent access to more arguments for the existence of God (not to mention offering powerful defenses to objections raised against the existence of God), than any other view of God's sovereignty. While this does not deductively prove Molinism is true, it does seem to make Molinism a preferable view.
First, consider the greatest objection against the Greatest Being:
Molinism vs the Problem of Moral Evil
Many atheists assume that the idea of a perfectly loving God is logically incompatible with moral evil. For example, if God causally determines all things (as many Calvinists contend), then God causally determined all of Hitler's thoughts and actions. Atheists rationally infer that Hitler is not really to blame for the Holocaust, but God is the one who is guilty of evil. Therefore, atheists conclude, God is either not worthy of worship or simply does not exist.
Molinism, however, solves the problem while shifting from a free will defense and offering a traditional theodicy. Consider the fact that on a Molinistic framework, it is logical to conclude that an all-powerful, all-knowing, and perfectly loving God exists. Since God is all-loving, He desires an authentic and eternal loving relationship with each and every human being He has ever created (Which I have argued elsewhere is another point not compatible with divine determinism).[4]
Since God desires an authentic love relationship with each individual human being, He had to give humanity the genuine freedom to choose to reject Him—or not (this point is not compatible with TULIP or any deterministic view of divine sovereignty, sans a specific and unique view of Universalism[5]). With rejection comes sin and these transgressions have infected this world with evil, pain, and terrible suffering. God also allows suffering caused by moral choices because suffering shapes us as well as brings us closer to Him, which is the greatest good a human being could ever experience.
After reflecting upon God's perfect love, the only way God could eradicate the possibility of moral evil is to eradicate libertarian freedom. That would then eradicate the possibility of each one of us freely entering into a "true love" relationship with our creator. That eternal love relationship with our creator is the greatest good a person could ever experience; therefore, eradicating evil would be evil! Thus, when we keep eternity in mind, we see that it is good and loving that evil, pain, and suffering were made possible and allowed by God.
A deductive argument summarizing this can be found in your handout, titled, The Free Will Argument Against the Problem of Moral Evil:
1- If a Maximally Great Being (God) exists, He is perfectly good and all loving (this is the property of omnibenevolence).
2- If God is all-loving, He desires a true love relationship with all mankind (John 3:16; 1 Timothy 2:4; 2 Peter 3:9).
3- If true love is to be attained with all mankind, all mankind must possess libertarian freedom.
4- If mankind possesses libertarian freedom, then mankind can freely choose to do evil.
5- If a Maximally Great Being (God) exists He is all-powerful (this is the property of omnipotence).
6- Therefore, God could prevent the possibility of evil actions by eradicating human libertarian freedom (He would have the power).
7- If God eradicates libertarian freedom, then He eradicates the possibility of true love with humanity.
8- Eternal love with God is the ultimate good humans can experience & humans freely choosing to love God brings Him ultimate glory.
9- Therefore, preventing love would be evil.
10- Therefore, it would be evil to eradicate libertarian freedom.
11- Therefore, it would be evil for God to eradicate the possibility of evil.
12- Therefore, since God is perfectly good and all loving, He allows the possibility of evil.
It is vital to understand that Molinism provides the foundation upon which this argument against the "problem of moral evil" is built, as libertarian freedom is one of its essential components. Since this problem of evil has been said to be the greatest "reason" for atheism, it follows that Molinism—if true—takes this so-called "reason" off the table for atheists. If an atheist has no good reason for his or her atheism (and continues to hold to atheistic beliefs anyway), then they clutch to their atheistic beliefs with a blind faith apart from reason. Again, this is why the committed atheist will vigorously fight against Molinism and desperately try to find something wrong with this argument.
Christians, on the other hand, who deny human libertarian freedom or God's perfect love (omnibenevolence) do not have access to this argument and are left with a significant problem of carrying an extremely heavy burden of evil. That is to say, the problem of evil cannot be adequately explained by one who affirms that God causally determines all things.
Molinism vs. the Problem of Natural Evil
Molinism also offers a powerful solution to another version of the "problem of evil" (a.k.a., the "problem of natural evil"). Neil deGrasse Tyson, for example, is a world-renowned astrophysicist and science popularizer. However, he also spends much of his time popularizing an argument against the Christian view of God. Tyson often makes claims such as the following:
Every description of God that I have heard, holds God to be all-powerful and all-good. And then I look around and I see a tsunami that killed a quarter million people in Indonesia — an earthquake that killed a quarter million people in Haiti. And I see earthquakes, tornadoes, and disease, childhood leukemia. And I see all of this and I say I do not see evidence of both of those being true simultaneously . . . If there is a God, the God is either not all-powerful, or not all good. It can't be both![6]
I contend that if Tyson were aware of Molinism, then he would not make such claims and perhaps even consider Christianity. Consider the words of Paul Draper (a well-known atheist philosopher): "Logical arguments from evil are a dying (dead?) breed. . . . even an omnipotent and omniscient being might be forced to allow E[vil] for the sake of obtaining some important good."[7]
Molinism explains exactly what this "important good" is. At least one of these "important goods" is that this temporary suffering-filled world allows humans the ability to freely love for eternity and teaches us not to take a perfect state of affairs for granted as Adam, Eve, Satan, and a third of all the angels seemed to do. With this in mind, it is easy to answer the following question:
Why did God call this world, "very good" (Genesis 1:31)?
Because God knew it would (which implies God's middle knowledge if possessed logically prior to the Creative Decree) –lead to an "eternal weight of glory beyond all comparison" (2 Corinthians 4:17). God has eternity in mind; we ought to as well.
A deductive argument summarizing this is found in your handout entitled, Molinism vs the Problem of Natural Evil.
1- God desires a genuine and true love relationship with all people for eternity. (Assumes essential ingredient #3.)
2- Genuine and true love between two persons requires libertarian freedom (LFW) to be possessed by both persons. (Assumes essential ingredient #2.)
3- Therefore, God creates humanity with LFW.
4- Beings who are created in perfect states of affairs who also possess LFW take "perfect states of affairs" for granted and freely choose to leave or ruin perfect states of affairs (for instance, Adam, Eve, Satan, and a third of all the angels).
5- With (4) in mind, God creates a world where He knew that libertarian free humans would experience evil in limited amounts so that they would not take the perfect state of heavenly affairs for granted and freely leave or ruin it for eternity (2 Corinthians 4:17). (Assumes essential ingredient #1.)
6- Therefore, God creating a world where He knew that free creatures would learn from our evil mistakes and natural suffering is good and loving! (This is a gift from God!)
This syllogism has been updated as of April 28, 2019:
1 – If God is omnibenevolent, then He desires genuine eternal love relations with humans.
2 – If God desires genuine eternal love relations with humans, then He creates humans with libertarian freedom (because):
2.1 – A genuine eternal love relationship between God and humans necessarily requires that humans possess libertarian freedom.
3 – If God creates humans with libertarian freedom, then He allows humans to experience suffering (because):
3.1 – Suffering can result from libertarian free humans.
3.2 – God created a world in which He knew that unless He permitted natural evil, some would not freely choose to eternally preserve the suffering-free state of affairs in the new heavens and new earth (2 Cor. 4:17).
4 – God is omnibenevolent.
5 – Therefore, God (since he is omnibenevolent) allows humans to experience suffering.
You will find that the argument in your handout makes use of all three of the essential ingredients of the soteriological view of Molinism. In fact, no competing views of God's sovereignty have logical access to this specific argument.
With God's eternal intent in mind, it is easy to see that God is not a "morally guilty mind." That is to say, the concept of Mens rea does not apply to God if Molinism is true.[8] This is a knockdown argument against Tyson's assertion that if God is all-powerful, then He cannot be all-good or all loving. In fact, when we keep eternity in mind, we see that this world suffused with suffering is the most loving kind of world God could have created.
Molinism takes the teeth out of the bite of Tyson's objection raised against the knowledge of God. Tyson seems to be completely unaware of the work that theologians and philosophers have done in this field which leads to his ignorant claims. Peter van Inwagen made it clear:
"It used to be widely held that evil was incompatible with the existence of God: that no possible world contained both God and evil. So far as I am able to tell, this thesis is no longer defended."[9]
This thesis may no longer be defended in the ivory towers of academia; however, the majority of culture today is unaware of these scholarly achievements. This is why it is vital for the Church at large—from pastors to the layman—to be aware of the apologetic power of Molinism when engaged in evangelism or influencing culture for God's glory in any form or fashion. The so-called "problem of evil" has been referred to as the primary reason for atheistic affirmations. However, when viewed via a Molinistic lens, this so-called "problem" melts away.
Molinism & the Freethinking Argument Against Naturalism
Not only is the "problem of evil" no problem at all if Molinism is true, Molina's view also provides a foundation for powerful arguments against naturalism—the most popular view of atheism. Simply put, naturalism is the belief that physical reality is all that exists. It follows that if nature is all that exists, then all that exists could ultimately be discovered via the study of nature (physics, chemistry, and biology, for example). Thus, if only scientifically testable and discoverable things exist, then, things like God or anything like God (such as human souls) do not exist. One argument that defeats this naturalistic view is the Freethinking Argument Against Naturalism:
1- If naturalism is true, human nature does not include an immaterial soul.
2- If human nature does not include an immaterial soul, then humans [probably] do not possess libertarian freedom.
3- If humans do not possess libertarian freedom, then humans do not possess the ability to gain inferential knowledge via the process of rationality.
4- Humans do possess the ability to gain inferential knowledge via the process of rationality.
5- Therefore, humans possess libertarian freedom.
6- Therefore, human nature [probably] includes an immaterial soul.
7- Therefore, naturalism is [probably] false.
8- The best explanation for the existence of the immaterial soul is God.
I have defended the Freethinking Argument at length elsewhere[10], but my point is that this argument against naturalistic atheism makes perfect sense on Molinism—but it is at odds with divine determinism as it deductively concludes…
"Therefore, humans possess libertarian freedom."
In fact, this argument from rationality is often attacked from both atheists who assume naturalism is true and Christians who assume exhaustive divine determinism to be true. Needless to say, Christian determinists cannot appeal to this apologetic argument for the existence of the human soul created in God's image because it simultaneously destroys their divine determinism.
Because of problems like these, a minority of Calvinists (such as Crisp, Timpe, Plantinga, Muller, and Koukl) freely choose to reject exhaustive divine determinism. Consider the words of Greg Koukl:
The problem with [determinism] is that without freedom, rationality would have no room to operate. Arguments would not matter, since no one would be able to base beliefs on adequate reasons. One could never judge between a good idea and a bad one. One would only hold beliefs because he had been predetermined to do so. . . . Although it is theoretically possible that determinism is true—there is no internal contradiction, as far as I can tell—no one could ever know it if it were. Every one of our thoughts, dispositions, and opinions would have been decided for us by factors completely out of our control. Therefore, in practice, arguments for determinism are self-defeating.[11]
Molinism is the best, most defensible framework by which we understand libertarian freedom and libertarian freedom is necessary for the Freethinking Argument Against Naturalism to hold. This is another example of how Molinism is apologetics!
Molinism & the Kalam Cosmological Argument
Molinism provides additional firepower in the battle of apologetics. Consider one of the most powerful arguments for the existence of God—the Kalam Cosmological Argument. The Kalam is one of the most popular arguments for God's existence. However, the rational inferences derived from the deductive conclusion can cause problems for Christians who believe libertarian freedom is impossible.
Consider the rational inferences that logically follow from the deductive conclusion of the Kalam:
The cause of all space, time, and nature must be space-less, timeless, and other than nature (supernatural). Moreover, the cause of the universe must be enormously powerful to create an entire universe from nothing (I cannot think of anything that would require more power).
Additionally, not only did the cause of the universe have to have been apart from time and space, it also must have had the ability—the power—to spontaneously bring the world into existence without anything causing it to do so—because then, whatever the cause of the cause was would be the cause. But since this cause exists outside of anything physical, temporal, or material, none of these things could logically cause or force this ultimate cause to do anything. Therefore, this ultimate cause seems to have its own volition or libertarian freedom. Apart from anything abstract (which would be causally impotent anyway[12]), only an unembodied mind (or soul) could logically transcend space-time and all nature.
Think about this: persons are the only type of things that could possibly possess immaterial minds with free will (which is supported by the Freethinking Argument previously offered); therefore, we can decipher that the cause of the universe was a personal being. If the cause of the universe is personal, then it is at least possible that "It" can have a personal relationship with other personal beings. You and I are personal beings. Therefore, it is possible that you and I can have a personal relationship with the cause of the universe. (No special revelation or biblical data required!)
Here is the point: Some deterministic Calvinists have argued that the idea of libertarian freedom is absurd and that even God cannot possess this kind of volition.[13] If that is the case, then these Calvinists cannot appeal to all of the rational inferences provided by the Kalam and humanity—in a sense—becomes just as "necessary" as God Himself. Consider the words of Jay Wesley Richards:
[I]f choice and alternatives must be positively barred from our understanding of God's creation of the world, one should conclude that God is not even as free as we are in many situations . . . . The better course seems to be to retain the claim that God is free, at least with respect to some things, in the libertarian sense. God could have created a world different from the one he actually did create, or he could have created none at all.[14]
If God does possess libertarian freedom, however, then it stands to reason that if humans are indeed created in the image of God (Genesis 1:26-27), then humans could possess the limited, but genuine ability to choose between a range of options each consistent with our nature as well.
This is the epitome of libertarian freedom!
The Kalam also helps us understand even more about Molinism. Consider the fact that the rational inferences provided by the Kalam show that God exists in a "static state of aseity" in which the universe (time and space) did not exist. That is to say, logically prior to the beginning of the existence of the universe God exists—"and then" (to use temporal language), God creates the universe. Considering this "static state of aseity" the question is raised: is God maximally great in this state?
Take the Cosmological Quiz:
Question 1: Is it true that God exists in a state of aseity logically prior to creating the universe (and thus without the universe)?
Question 2: In this state of aseity, is God omnipotent? If so, does he possess the power to create creatures with libertarian freedom (even if He never does create them)?
Question 3: In this state of aseity, is God omniscient? If so, does he possess the knowledge of what these libertarian free creatures—within His power to create (even if He never does create them)—would freely do?
If one answers "no" to any of these questions then you might be a heretic! If one answers "yes" to all of the above, then congratulations, you are a Molinist!
This is because if one affirms that God is both omnipotent and omniscient in the state of affairs logically prior to the creation of the universe, then some flavor of Molinism must be true. God would possess the power to create libertarian free creatures (even if He never creates them) and God would "middle know" exactly how these free creatures would freely think, act, believe, and behave logically prior to His creative decree.
It is amazing to see how apologetic arguments for the existence of God can also clarify exactly how we should think about his sovereignty too!
If humans possess the libertarian ability to choose between a range of alternative options each compatible with human nature, then we have access to another powerful argument for the existence of God.
Molinism & the Moral Argument
The Moral Argument might be the most attention getting of all the arguments in the arsenal of the apologist. This is because virtually every single human makes moral judgments every single day.
There are several reasons as to why the Moral Argument is problematic for the naturalist. One glaring issue is because naturalists typically reject libertarian freedom. Consider the well-known atheist and neuroscientist, Sam Harris.
As a naturalist, Harris holds to "scientific determinism," which means he believes that ALL of our thoughts and actions are causally determined by natural forces like physics, chemistry, and the initial conditions of the big bang. All of these things are outside human control. With naturalism in mind, Harris makes his view clear in his book entitled, Free Will:
Free will is an illusion. Our wills are simply not of our own making. Thoughts and intentions emerge from background causes of which we are unaware and over which we exert no conscious control. We do not have the freedom we think we have. Free will is actually more than an illusion (or less), in that it cannot be made conceptually coherent. Either our wills are determined by prior causes and we are not responsible for them, or they are the product of chance and we are not responsible for them.[15]
If Harris is correct, then it logically follows that humans could never freely choose any action, including actions with so-called moral properties. If Molinism is true, however, then humans can freely think and freely act (at least occasionally). If Molinism is true, then humans can be held morally responsible for our thoughts and actions because they are not causally determined by anything external to the human and the human genuinely could have chosen otherwise. But this raises a major problem for the deterministic Calvinist.
Many Calvinists do affirm that God exhaustively causally determines all things. This is not some straw man I am attacking. The French Calvinistic philosopher Guillaume Bignon makes his views on the matter clear:
Do the five points of Calvinism or the Westminster Confession necessitate the thesis of theological determinism? I assert that they do…. it will be so as a matter of definition: theological determinism will be referred to as 'the Calvinist view," or simply 'Calvinism.[16]
In his recent essay, notable Calvinist, Matthew J. Hart affirms this exact position: "Calvinists, I shall assume, are theological determinists. They hold that God causes every contingent event, either directly or indirectly."[17]
In the footnotes Hart points out that some might wish to break ranks and affirm a flavor of Calvinism while denying this exhaustive divine deterministic view that is typically associated with Calvinism (as per Alvin Plantinga and Greg Koukl).[18] Hart notes that Paul Helm is the leading Calvinistic philosopher today and that Helm is a theological determinist. With deterministic Calvinism in mind, consider the following argument:
No Free Will, No Free Thinking Argument (The Oughts & Thoughts Argument)
1- If naturalistic or divine determinism is true, then libertarian free will (LFW) does not exist.
2- If LFW does not exist, then libertarian free thinking (LFT) does not exist (the ability to think otherwise).
3- If LFT does not exist, then moral oughts about our thoughts (and following actions) are illusory (as it would be impossible to ever think otherwise about anything).
4- Moral oughts about our thoughts (and following actions) are not illusory.
5- Therefore, LFT exists.
6- Therefore, LFW exists.
8- Therefore, both naturalistic and divine determinism are false.
Here is the point: if a Christian rejects human libertarian freedom to choose or not to choose, then how can they be held morally or rationally responsible for behaving the only way they were created to think, act, or believe? Deterministic Calvinism cannot logically answer this question. Molinism, however, provides a logical foundation for the Moral Argument to deductively prove the existence of God. Since libertarian free will is necessary for the moral argument to work, the dedicated apologist ought to be a Molinist.
Molinism & the Fine-Tuning Argument
I have argued that if one appeals to the Fine-Tuning Argument for the existence of God, then they should also be a Molinist! That is to say, the fine-tuning argument implies (or strongly hints at) Molinism! First, consider the Fine-Tuning syllogism:
1- The fine-tuning of the universe is due to either physical necessity, chance, or design.
2- The fine-tuning is not due to physical necessity or chance.
3- Therefore, the fine-tuning of the universe is due to intelligent design.
What is startling is the fact that we are discussing the fine-tuned early stages of the universe—the initial conditions of the big bang. If the constants and quantities were not specifically dialed in "just right" then a life-permitting universe would not exist. From galaxies, stars, and planets, to atoms and subatomic particles, the foundation and structure of our universe is determined by many "special" numbers.
Consider the following sample:[19]
* Speed of Light: c=299,792,458 m s-1
* Gravitational Constant: G=6.673 x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2
* Planck's Constant: 1.05457148 x 10-34 m2 kg s-2
* Planck Mass-Energy: 1.2209 x 1022 MeV
* Mass of Electron, Proton, Neutron: 0.511; 938.3; 939.6 MeV
* Mass of Up, Down, Strange Quark: 2.4; 4.8; 104 MeV (Approx.)
* Ratio of Electron to Proton Mass: (1836.15)-1
* Gravitational Coupling Constant: 5.9 x 10-39
* Cosmological Constant: (2.3 x 10-3 eV)
* Hubble Constant: 71 km/s/Mpc (today)
* Higgs Vacuum Expectation Value: 246.2 GeV
William Lane Craig notes the significance of these special numbers and what would entail if these numbers were not so "special" and slightly altered:
These are the fundamental constants and quantities of the universe. Scientists have come to the shocking realization that each of these numbers have been carefully dialed to an astonishingly precise value – a value that falls within an exceedingly narrow, life-permitting range. If any one of these numbers were altered by even a hair's breadth, no physical, interactive life of any kind could exist anywhere. There'd be no stars, no life, no planets, no chemistry.[20]
Well, what does this have to do with Molinism?
The relevance can be found in this: God possesses certain knowledge of what would occur in possible worlds if He were to fine-tune the initial conditions of the early universe with all the "special numbers" referenced (and more) and actualize this certain possible world.
This also entails that God would possess perfect counterfactual knowledge—not grounded in anything that actually exists—about what kind of non-life permitting universes would have come into existence if any of those numbers were slightly altered (a different possible world would have been the actual world).
God chose these special numbers and thus intelligently designed a universe in which humanity could and would exist and come to know Him. If these numbers were different, the universe would have been otherwise and humanity would not exist.
The advocate of the fine-tuning argument affirms that God designed the initial conditions of the big bang to guarantee an environment where intelligent life could and would exist.
If God possessed knowledge of what would follow from a certain fine-tuned point of singularity logically prior to His creative decree to actualize this universe—and God could have adjusted these initial conditions otherwise to bring a different kind of universe (or none at all) into existence—then God possesses knowledge of what He could accomplish. Moreover, given this knowledge, God also knows what would happen if the initial conditions of the big bang were not so finely-tuned or tuned otherwise.
God knows all that could, would and will . . .
If God possesses the power to create worlds other than the world that actually exists (or none at all), and if God knows all that would happen in all these other worlds if the initial conditions of these other worlds (universes) would have been different and actualized instead, then this seems to strongly suggest that God possesses the middle knowledge advocated by Luis de Molina.
Kirk MacGregor defines middle knowledge in the following manner:
Middle knowledge is God's knowledge of all things that would happen in every possible set of circumstances, both things that are determined to occur by those circumstances and things that are not determined to occur by those circumstances.[21]
Since God has natural knowledge, he knows what initial conditions of the big bang could produce. Since God has middle knowledge, he knows what specific initial conditions would produce (this is especially evident once one considers quantum indeterminacy).[22]
Because of this, I contend that if one is an advocate of the Fine-tuning Argument for the existence of God, then he or she should also be a Molinist. At the very least, the Molinist has no problem incorporating this argument from design into their apologetics repertoire.
Due to time restraints, I must cut my presentation short leaving at least nine apologetics-based arguments remaining unconsidered on the table. I will discuss these in my PhD dissertation currently in progress (stay tuned).
In conclusion, we have seen numerous examples of how Molinism strengthens the faith of Christians while simultaneously challenging the faith of atheists. With the apologetic significance of Molinism in mind, it should be clear to see that spending vast amounts of time explaining and defending Molinism is not a "colossal waste of time." In fact, it is adequate to say that the focus of my work as a Christian apologist is devoted to destroying the greatest objection against the greatest Being (God)! Molinism lays the groundwork to fulfill what Paul describes in 2 Corinthians 10:5.
Molinism and divine middle knowledge seem to be keys unlocking many theological mysteries. Since Molinism explains so much of the data, answers many of the big questions, and defangs so many objections raised against Christian theism, the greatest apologist of our day, William Lane Craig, declares:
Once one grasps the concept of [Molinism and] middle knowledge, one will find it astonishing in its subtlety and power. Indeed, I would venture to say that [Molinism and] middle knowledge is the single most fruitful theological concept I have ever encountered.[23]
I agree with Dr. Craig! Since a plethora of apologetics-based arguments are either compatible with Molinism or supported by Molinism, it only makes sense for Christian apologists to argue for the truth of Molinism. After all, since Molinism is supported by the whole of Scripture[24] (See my article Molinism Is Biblical) and it makes sense of and is supported by countless apologetics-based arguments, it seems that Molinism is probably true!
That is to say, the inference to the best explanation of all the data is Molinism.
[1] Graham Oppy is a prominent atheist philosopher who has raised objections to Molinism (See, Arguing Successfully about God: A Review Essay of Graham Oppy's Arguing about Gods). https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/scholarly-writings/the-existence-of-god/arguing-successfully-about-god-a-review-essay-of-graham-oppys-arguing-about/ (accessed March 1, 2019). He is not alone. FreeThinking Ministries has assembled a team of Molinists who are in the process of responding to the many atheistic objections to Molinism.
[2] James K. Beilby, Paul R. Eddy (editors), Divine Foreknowledge: Four Views, IVP Academic, 2001
[3] Jerry Walls makes a case against Calvinism and quotes the Calvinist, Arthur Pink. Walls states that Pink "bites the bullet" and admits the Calvinistic view of God entails that God does not love all people. Walls encourages all Calvinists to come clean and be as honest as Pink: https://youtu.be/Daomzm3nyIg (46:20)
[4] Stratton and Erasmus, Divine Determinism and the Problem of Hell, Perichoresis 16:2, 2018
[5] I discuss this "unique view of Universalism" in True Love, Free Will, & the Logic of Hell, https://freethinkingministries.com/true-love-free-will-the-logic-of-hell/, (accessed March 1, 2019)
[6] Tyson was interviewed by Chelsea on Netflix, Does Neil deGrasse Tyson believe in God?, https://youtu.be/jXAokvnv7Mc, (accessed March 1, 2019)
[7] Paul Draper, The Skeptical Theist, in The Evidential Argument from Evil, 1996, 176-77).
[8] Mens rea refers to the legal philosophy of the "guilty mind" and criminal intent.
[9] Peter van Inwagen, The Problem of Evil, the Problem of Air, and the Problem of Silence, Philosophical Perspectives, vol. 5: Philosophy of Religion ,ed. James E. Tomberlin: 1991, 135)
[10] Tim Stratton and Jacobus Erasmus, Mere Molinism: A Defense of Two Essential Pillars, Perichoresis 16:2 (2018), p. 21
[11] Greg Koukl, Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions, Zondervan (2009) p. 128-29
[12] William Lane Craig, God and Abstract Objects, "It is virtually universally agreed that abstract objects, if they exist, are causally impotent." https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/scholarly-writings/divine-aseity/god-and-abstract-objects/, (accessed March 1, 2019)
[13] John W. Hendryx, Eleven (11) Reasons to Reject Libertarian Free Will:
A critique of "Why I am not a Calvinist" by Jerry Walls and Joseph Dongell
https://www.monergism.com/thethreshold/articles/onsite/libertarian.html (accessed 2-28-2019)
[14] Jay W. Richards, The Untamed God, IVP Academic (2003) p. 239
[15] Sam Harris, Free Will, Free Press; 1st edition (2012) p. 5
[16] Guillame Bignon, Excusing Sinners and Blaming God, Pickwick Publications (2017) p. 7
[17] David E. Alexander and Daniel M. Johnson (editors), Calvinism and the Problem of Evil, Matthew J. Hart is the author of the eleventh chapter, Calvinism and the Problem of Hell, Wipf and Stock Publishers (2016) p. 248
[18] Greg Koukl, Do Humans Really Have Free Will?, https://www.str.org/videos/do-humans-really-have-free-will#.XHhErs9KiqB, (accessed 2-28-2019)
[19] William Lane Craig, Transcript of the Fine-Tuning Argument, http://www.finetuneduniverse.com/finetuned.html, (accessed March 1, 2019)
[20] Ibid.
[21] Kirk MacGregor, Luis de Molina: The Life and Theology of the Founder of Middle Knowledge, Zondervan (2015), p. 11
[22] What is QUANTUM INDETERMINACY? What does QUANTUM INDETERMINACY mean? QUANTUM INDETERMINACY meaning, https://youtu.be/TSEHo9Lmehk, (accessed March 1, 2019)
[23] Beilby, Eddy, Divine Foreknowledge: Four Views, IVP Academic (2001) p. 125
[24] Stratton, Molinism Is Biblical, https://freethinkingministries.com/molinism-is-biblical/, June 8, 2017 (Accessed March 1, 2019)


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Memberships at The Health Club at Travis Place include access to our two lane indoor running track, basketball court, racquetball court, Group Fitness Classes with certified instructors, Fitness On Demand video classes, personal training, resistance machines, cardiovascular machines, free weights and locker rooms with free towel service, shower amenities and day lockers. Health Club at Travis Place offers a month-to-month membership. No Contracts! Dues pricing may vary based on Corporate Partnerships. Speak with a team member to see if your company has a Corporate Partnership.
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About the Author
With years of experience in semiconductors, national security, and weapons development, John's background has provided him with the knowledge and experience in technology and geopolitics to write Dormant Curse.
Born in Kansas and raised in Nebraska, John moved to Texas to attend graduate school at The University of Texas in Austin. After graduating from UT with a Master's in Engineering, John worked at Sandia National Labs, where he focused on R&D projects for the Department of Energy, Department of Defense, National Institute of Standards, and other agencies.
His experience includes nuclear weapons testing, cruise-missile guidance (Tomahawk and Advanced Cruise Missile), air-borne and space-borne imaging systems (Predator UAV), and semiconductor manufacturing.
John's career later took him to SEMI, a global trade association for the semiconductor industry, where as VP of Technology was responsible for global semiconductor manufacturing standards.
John lives in Austin, Texas with his wife Jennifer, has 4 children, and two dogs.


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Helping You Become a More Successful Gardener
Plant Search
Plants Matching
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(Avalanche Begonia, Begonia)
This angel-wing begonia is renowned d for its dark leaves with spots of lustrous silver or pale silvery-pink. A tender herbaceous perennial, 'Avalanche' is classified as a cane begonia because of its branching, plump stems with prominent nodes, vaguely like bamboo.. Each leafis large, wavy edged, and has hundreds of spots. Some leaves have much more silver than dgreen, and all leaf undersides are a milky light green. In midwinter small white blossoms appear in loose clusters stems on the canes among...
James Burghardt
(Bada Bing Rose Bicolor Begonia, Fibrous Begonia, Wax Begonia)
Wax or fibrous begonias are classic bedding plants because they are beautiful all season and easy to grow. Though commonly grown as "annuals" these are actually evergreen perennials where hardy. As a group, they are hybrids of three South American species, Begonia cucullata, Begonia hookeri and Begonia schmidtiana.
Low growing and bushy, wax begonias have lustrous, succulent leaves that may be bright green, dark green, red-hued, burgundy or bronze, depending on the selection. Blooms appear continuously,...
(Bada Bing Soft Pink Begonia, Fibrous Begonia, Wax Begonia)
(Barbara Hamilton Begonia, Cane Begonia)
Adored for beautiful blooms and wildly colorful foliage, Begonia is one of the largest genera of flowering plants. There are over 1,500 species and more than 10,000 cultivars and hybrids. They are found all over the world but most originate from sub-tropical and tropical regions.
The plants come in many different forms. They are fleshy, herbaceous and may be annual or perennial. In habit, they can be shrubby, climbing, or epiphytic (tree-dwelling). The leaves are simple or compound...
(Barkos Begonia, Hiemalis Begonia)
Popular and everblooming, hiemalis begonias are shade-loving tender perennials that make superb bedding and container plants. These hybrids have arisen from several South American species, such as the winter-blooming Begonia socotrana and the beautifully flowered species that comprise tuberous begonias. So, they bloom prolifically in winter and their flowers are doubled like tuberous begonias but smaller. These may be white, yellow, red, orange or pink, depending on the cultivar. Their glossy, succulent...
(Bashful Bandit Begonia, Rhizomatous Begonia)
(Batik Begonia, Hiemalis Begonia)
Terra Nova Nurseries, Inc.
(Begonia, River Nile Begonia)
The River Nile begonia's stunning metallic pink and silver foliage is complemented by salmon-pink flowers by very late winter. This tender herbaceous perennial is the result of extensive hybridization and is classified as a rex begonia. Each upright leaf is comprised of many long, oval, jagged-edged leaflets that are silver with green veins, but have varying blushes of purple or pink. In the coolness of fall and winter the leaves tend to be much more pink. In very early spring small salmon to coral-pink...
James H. Schutte
(Dragon Wing Pink Begonia, Dragon Wing™ Begonia)
Displaying showy flowers for many months on end, Dragon Wing™ Pink begonia ('Bepapink') is a popular tender perennial used in containers or for bedding. It results from a cross between a semperflorens (wax) and a cane-type (angel-wing) begonia.
This fibrous-rooted begonia bears lustrous, fleshy, asymmetrical leaves on knee-high, succulent stems. The dark green leaves may be tinted with bronze in sunnier sites. This floriferous plant blooms from spring through frost, presenting small, loose clusters...
(Dragon Wing™ Red Begonia)
Bearing showy flowers for many months on end, Dragon Wing™ Red begonia ('Bepared') is a popular tender perennial used in containers or for bedding. It results from a cross between a semperflorens (wax) and a cane-type (angel-wing) begonia.
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The glue that held the outside rear-view mirrors, after 25 years, succumbed to age. The driver's mirror had slipped down and was being held in place by the mirror housing. The passenger side mirror was completely off the backing.
Be prepared to spend two days on this repair project.
In order to permanently fix this problem, I recommend that the mirrors be removed. First, remove the inside bezel, and using an allen wrench, remove the bezel from the cable.
Use a small right angle screwdriver to remove the bolt beneath the mirror head.
The mirror is then withdrawn from the door.
Remove the mirror from it's glued surface by heating with a hair dryer and gently prying. Note: The gasket scraper is taped to protect the mirror surface.
With heat from a hairdryer, the glue backing can be peeled off the rear of the mirror glass.
Once the backing is removed, there remains a film glued to the mirror. This appears to be part of the original gluing process. In order for the repair to be permanent, this film must be removed.
I used "Gumout" (an automotive solvent) to augment the removal process. Be patient, this process is time consuming and cannot be rushed. Do not use any sharp object to remove this film as this would damage the mirror surface.
Make sure that the mirror is spotlessly clean. Take your time. This process will impact the quality of this project.
Repeat the process on the base that the mirror bonds to. I found that a gasket scraper worked well once the glue had been heated. Don't worry about scratching this surface.
Examination of the mirror base indicated a potentially serious problem that could effect how effective I could bond the mirrors to the glass.
The mirror base (made of plastic) was no longer straight. It had become curved, (the middle higher than the edges) so that the mirror glass could not sit flat in the base. It would be impossible to bond the mirrors unless a fix could be found..
First the mirror base was removed from the mirror housing via two screws
The curvature of the mirror base becomes obvious when viewed from an angle.
The mirror base would have to be removed in order to address this problem. It's held in place by three cables. Remove then using a needle nose pliers.
I placed the mirror base on my drill press vice with the jaws open so that they support only the edges of the mirror base. I installed an old air hose adapter in the drill press. This would allow be to apply pressure in the center on the base, thus straightening the plastic, while I applied heat to the stress points of the base. Use a low flame on the torch. Move the flame across the material. Be careful, if the plastic starts to bubble you are applying too much heat in that location. This is similar to the technique of using heat to reform a body panel. If you screw this up start looking for new mirrors.
Once the plastic has reformed, I continued to keep the pressure constant while I forced cooled the plastic with water. Repeat the process if necessary. If you end up with the base slightly concave, it's OK.
Trial fit the mirror to base. Make sure it supports the mirror all the way around the base.
When satisfied, I reinstalled the mirror base to the cable assembly. Make sure you reinstall the "T" shaped pivot pin in the rear.
The photograph below shows the final shape of the mirror base after it's installed onto the cables. As you can see it's slightly concave. This is by design, as it would provide a better receptacle for the bonding agent.
This is the bonding agent I choose.. I decided to use construction adhesive. This product is manufactured by Macco and sold under the "Liquid nails, designed for mirrors." brand name. It's designed to hold large mirrors vertically, so this should be no problem. It's also waterproof and heat and steam resistant. Finally, this is a permanent adhesive. Once it's on it cannot be removed.
Use a caulk gun to install the adhesive.
Apply to the center on the base and a bead approx 1/4 inch from the edge.
Press the mirror firmly into the adhesive. Make sure the mirror is centered in the base.
Leave mirrors face up for 24 hours.
After 24 hours any excess adhesive can be cleaned off with a razor . Clean up with mineral sprits or "gumout" if necessary.
Project complete. Mirror with bonded mirror glass installed. This repair should easily last another 25 years.
Jaguar XJ-S Home Page
Bernard Embden's Home Page


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|This article is about a/an ranger in Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger.
- "The Horned Brave, Kyoryu Pink!"
- ―Kyoryu Pink's roll call[src]
Amy Yuuzuki (アミィ結月 Ami Yūzuki) is Kyoryu Pink (キョウリュウピンク Kyōryū Pinku) of the Kyoryugers.
- 1 Biography
- 2 Personality
- 3 Family
- 4 Video game appearances
- 5 Kyoryu Pink
- 6 Imitations
- 7 Ranger Key
- 8 Behind the scenes
- 9 Notes
- 10 Appearances
- 11 See Also
- 12 References
- 13 External links
An 18-year-old college student. She defeated the Zyudenryu Dricera while in America, and became a warrior, gaining its power. A cheerful, "High Kick Girl", she declares herself the "Horned Brave" (角の勇者 Tsuno no Yūsha) and she specializes in Hand-to-Hand combat. She is from America, studying abroad, and is the daughter of a wealthy family. A butler known as "Gentle" is taking care of her in her current accommodations.[1]
After being asked by one of her teammates whether she has a crush on Daigo Kiryu, she briefly stops fighting the deboss to look at Daigo in a thinking sense to see if she has a crush or not. (Episode not known)
Go-Busters vs. Gokaiger
"to be added"
- See Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters vs. Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger: The Movie#Continuity and Placement for where this takes place for the Kyoryugers.
Super Hero Taisen Z
The Kyoryugers joined the action as the current Sentai team in Kamen Rider × Super Sentai × Space Sheriff: Super Hero Taisen Z.
Super Hero Taisen Otsu
When Amy wakes up, she found out that a Rider is sleeping next to her. Gentle appears and faints after seeing that and the male members of Kyoryuger would figure out why the Rider is sleeping next to Amy. Kamen Rider × Super Sentai × Space Sheriff: Super Hero Taisen Otsu: Heroo! Answers
100 Years Later
Amy and the other Kyoryugers were summoned by the SP Zyudenchi to help their descendants defeat Remorseful Knight Arslevan. Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger Returns: 100 YEARS AFTER
ToQger vs. Kyoryuger
The Kyoryugers return to fight alongside the ToQgers in Ressha Sentai ToQger vs. Kyoryuger: The Movie.
Zyuohger vs. Ninninger
Kyoryu Pink appeared with her team among the first 38 Super Sentai whom collectively empowered Wild Tousai Shuriken King in its fight against the titanic Gillmarda, granting the Ninningers and Zyuohgers the power to perform the Zyuoh Ninnin Super Sentai Burst which destroyed Gillmarda with the combined power of all 40 Super Sentai. Doubutsu Sentai Zyuohger vs. Ninninger: Message from the Future from Super Sentai
Amy has a free-spirited personality and is the exact opposite of the expectations of her family. While they expect her to act like a princess, she is an all-out tomboy that loves to bend the rules. She appeals to Daigo, as he also loves to bend the rules.
Amy also has an array of special talents, from working a remote with her feet to defeating a group of zorima with a unicycle. Having studying abroad in America, she also knows a good amount of the English language.
When they were captured, Amy revealed to Souji that she can work a remote control with her feet, an ability that she uses to free Souji and herself. Brave 10: Zander! Gold Revives
Amy can also ride a unicycle, as seen when she borrowed one to defeat a group of Zorima, without becoming Kyoryu Pink. Brave 11: Utchi! How Cool
Amy also had the tendency to want to help people from the past such as the case of Utsusemimaru and Ramirez. (The former being a warrior from the Warring States Period and the latter being a deceased Spirit from hundreds of years ago.) Brave 6: Stop! Sing, Candelilla Brave 11: Utchi! How Cool
- Daigo Kiryu - Husband
- Dantetsu Kiryu - Father-in-law
- Dai-kun - Great-grandson
- Ami-neesan - Great-granddaughter
Video game appearances
Super Sentai Battle: Dice-O
- Profile
- Amy Yuuzuki/Kyoryu Pink: to be added
- Amy Yuuzuki/Kyoryu Pink Armed On: to be added
Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger: Game on Gaburincho
Kyoryu Pink appears with her team in the Nintendo 3DS Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger: Game on Gaburincho.
Super Sentai Battle Base
Kyoryu Pink is among the vast pantheon of Rangers which are available in the mobile game Super Sentai Battle Base.
Super Sentai Legend Wars
Kyoryu Pink appears with her team among all Sentai in the mobile game Super Sentai Legend Wars.
Kyoryu Pink
- "Gaburincho: Dricera!"
- ―Transformation announcement[src]
- Arsenal
- Gaburivolver: Transformation device that doubles as the gun weapon.
- Gabricalibur: Main sword weapon that can combine with the Gaburivolver.
- Gaburu Cannon: The combined form of the Gaburivolver and GabriCalibur.
- MoBuckle: Zyudenchi storing belt and communicator.
- Zyudenchi #5 - Dricera: Main battery-like device that is the source of Amy's powers.
- ToQ Ressha: Borrowed from the ToQgers to effectively fight the Shadow Line during the emergence of Creator Devius. Ressha Sentai ToQger vs. Kyoryuger: The Movie
- Fire Ressha: Loaned by ToQ 5gou in exchange for a Dricera Zyudenchi.
- Mecha
- Zyudenryu #5: Zyudenryu Dricera
- "Mecha Mucho!"
- ―Transformation announcement[src]
Armed On (アームドオン Āmudo On) is Kyoryu Pink's extension form accessed by using two copies of the Dricera Zyudenchi in her Gaburivolver. Sporting spiky silver armor across her right arm, Armed On gives Kyoryu Pink access to her Zyuden Arms weapon, the DriceLance.
- Arsenal
Appearances: Episode 2, 4, 6-7, 9-10, Super Hero Taisen Z, 12, 16-18, 20, Gaburincho of Music, 24, 26, 36, Kyoryuger vs. Go-Busters, 37, 40, 43-45, ToQger vs. Kyoryuger
A Zorima was disguised as Kyoryu Pink by Debo Yakigonte as part of a plot to break the Kyoryugers up, by calling Kyoryu Green a coward. Brave 7: Angry! Daigo's in Big Trouble
Ranger Key
The Kyoryu Pink Ranger Key (キョウリュウピンクレンジャーキー Kyōryū Pinku Renjā Kī) is a Kyoryuger Ranger Key given to the Gokaigers by Amy. As a pink key, it is primarily used by Ahim de Famille (Gokai Pink).
- Ahim used this key as part of a fight against the Zyuohgers, specifically Zyuoh Tiger. Ep. 28: The Space Pirates Return
Behind the scenes
Amy Yuuzuki is portrayed by Ayuri Konno (今野 鮎莉 Konno Ayuri).[2][3][4]
As Kyoryu Pink, her suit actor is Mizuho Nogawa (野川 瑞穂 Nogawa Mizuho), who was previously the suit actor for Escape Evolve in Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters and would later serve as suit actor for ToQ 5gou in Ressha Sentai ToQger.
- Amy is the first female in a dinosaur-themed Sentai group to not have the Pterosaur motif.
- She is also the first non-blue member of a dinosaur-themed Sentai group to have the Triceratops motif.
- She shares her first name with Amy Jo Johnson, the actress who played the original Pink Ranger in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers.
- Bizarrely however, Amy's name is technically an error, as the typical pronunciation of "Amy" (エイミー Eimī) is very much like how it is pronounced in English.
- Amy is the first Sentai hero to arrive from the United States since Ryouga Hakua and the first female since Maria Nagisa.
- She mirrors Kaori Rokumeikan/White Swan as they both live with their respective butlers (Jiya and Gentle), both of their respective parents live in the US, and both ended up marrying the Red Ranger of their respective teams (Ryu Tendo married Kaori while Daigo Kiryu married Amy.)
- The previous pink, Ahim de Famille/Gokai Pink, also had a butler when she was the princess of the planet Famille. Ironically, Amy acts like a normal teenage girl, disregarding her status, and has to be urged by Gentle to speak in a more formal tone similar to Ahim's.
See Also
- Shelby Watkins - Power Rangers counterpart in Dino Charge. See comparison page.
- Yun Dohee, successor from the Korean-produced Dino Force Brave
- Dai-kun - Amy and Daigo's great-grandson and future leader of the Kyoryugers as Kyoryu Navy.
- Ami-neesan - Amy and Daigo's great-granddaughter and the third Kyoryu Cyan in the future.
- ↑ http://henshinjustice.com/2013/01/19/kyouryuger-bios-from-the-gokaiger-vs-gobuster-pamphlet/
- ↑ Hyper Hobby, February 2013
- ↑ Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters Tokyo Dome City Prism Hall event promotional pamphlet
- ↑ テレビ朝日 「獣電戦隊キョウリュウジャー」 レギュラー出演決定しました!! (January 2, 2013). Retrieved on January 7, 2013.