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Planter's Punch Cocktail
An individual serving of the light rum, orange, and lemon juice punch.
The word punch is probably derived from the Hindi word panch, meaning five, because of its five basic ingredients: citrus juice, water, spices, sugar, and arrack, which is fermented palm sap, rice, or molasses. The ingredients today are almost limitless.... Read More
View Recipe

subset: commoncrawl


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What are the benefits of the Blue Card EU?
There are many advantages to the Blue Card, other than the working and living conditions. Potential holders are granted the right to move freely throughout the EU. Owners of an EU Blue Card in Germany can also apply for a settlement permit, which grants permanent residency. For the permit to be issued, an employment of at least 33 months, in a highly skilled position, is mandatory. As well as having simultaneously paid into a retirement scheme. Individuals already in possession of an EU Blue Card, who also have adequate knowledge of the German language (confirmed by an accredited certificate, i.e. Level B1), can apply for the settlement permit after just 21 months.
After a period of 18 months, holders of the EU Blue Card can apply to move to another EU Member State, without a visa. A term of one month is then granted, in order to apply for highly qualified employment and the relevant Blue Card regarding the newly chosen Member State.
The EU Blue Card includes further advantages for family members.
- Spouses are not required to have prior knowledge of the German language before entering the country, in order to obtain a residence permit. It is also possible for spouses to apply for dependent and independent employment, without any restrictions and immediately upon arrival (section 27 subs. 5 of the Residence Act).
- Owners of the EU Blue Card and their family members may spend up to to twelve consecutive months outside of the EU, without losing their residence title.


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I just went to check on my napping four month old and she was sleeping with her eyes half open. It really creeped me out. What was more frightening to me is that her irises were slowly moving around and she appeared to see me but was obviously asleep. At one point she was somewhat startled but settled down. I tried to close her eyes by brushing my hands over them. They closed for a few seconds and then slowly drifted half-open again. I did a quick google search which suggests I shouldn't be overly concerned but I'm wondering about other's experiences. Anybody experience anything like this before? Our next Doctor's appointment is in a couple of weeks and I will definately mention it but would you bring it up sooner?
EDIT: Not sure if it is relevant but about an hour after I posted this she started vomiting and apparantly has caught the stomach bug her older sister had over the weekend.
asked 19 Apr '11, 17:02
Tammy ♦♦
Wow, I thought all babies did that at about that age, all of the babies in my family do. All of my kids, all of my nieces and nephews. So, from my point of view, totally normal, but yeah, really, really creepy sometimes. (I learn something new everyday, I honestly thought everybodies baby freaked out their parents that way.)
answered 19 Apr '11, 23:58
Thanks Neen that makes me feel better. I did read somewhere that it could be hereditary. My oldest daughter definately did not do that.
(20 Apr '11, 14:21) Tammy ♦♦
I know there have been times when I have slept with my eyes wide open. Other than some really crazy dreams where I could see through walls, I don't think it had a negative affect on me.
As for the eyes moving around, from what I remember of my college psych class that is normal in sleep. The REM cycle stands for Rapid Eye Movement and is I think the 4th stage of a normal sleep cycle. Again, nothing to really worry about.
answered 19 Apr '11, 22:53
I assumed she was in REM sleep. However, it was always my understanding that the eye movements during REM were rhythmic and side to side. Her eyes were wandering around the room like she was looking right at me and following me but through me. However, now that you brought it up, it is not all that different from talking to someone in your sleep or sleep walking.
(20 Apr '11, 14:20) Tammy ♦♦


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Today, Cassie's and my article on metagenome-assembled genomes in two hot springs of Kamchatka, Russia was published in Scientific Reports. Cassie and I only analyzed the data. The whole story is much older and involves many more people, including Elizabeth Burgess who originally collected the samples as a graduate student in Jürgen Wiegel's lab. Or Russell Neches, who went to Kamchatka himself and had played with this dataset before us. And Ray Keren who encouraged and distracted me with his fascination for arsenic biochemical pathways.
Laura Hug led the way in the beginning and Chris Brown provided the tools when we got stuck.
We are all working really hard and sometimes don't even find the time to celebrate or to be proud. I had a hard time today to enjoy. Now it is sinking in slowly. I am incredibly proud of Cassie. Working on this project with Cassie cheered me up, it motivated me to do things right, and it gave me a strong feeling of peace.
We learned a lot and we tried to do it right. In every aspect. Guillaume showed us many tricks. And Jonathan believed in us.
And A. Murat Eren was very important too. A bright star on the horizon. And the Banfield lab. We got a lot of inspiration. Obscure archaea are awesome.
At some point, when we are all a bit less busy, Jonathan might write a blog post about the background and history of our article…
The article itself can be found here: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39576-6


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Sarasota Florida MLS
Sarasota Real Estate
Sarasota Florida real estate is internationally known as one of the best places to live in Florida.
Why? Not only is Sarasota Florida is the arts capital of Florida but, we have beautiful Sarasota Bay, wonderful beaches, great boating amenities, world class golfing, and world class entertainment.
Not to mention that Sarasota Florida is just a gorgeous city to live in!
Sarasota Florida real estate offers you every choice of Florida living – from downtown Sarasota condos and Sarasota homes -- to spectacular Sarasota Florida waterfront homes and waterfront Sarasota condos – to wonderful Sarasota Florida golfing communities – to laid back Sarasota Florida island living...
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Los Angeles:Actress Gina Rodriguez says she hates having her "flaws" like her curves and her birthmark photoshopped out of her photographs.
Rodriguez believes that people should remain what they are when it comes to looks, reports femalefirst.co.uk.
"This day and age of photoshopping and transforming oneself and filtering and filtering and filtering, it really feels good when a photograph can capture my heart, my body, my spirit, without having to gloss over it. Let me keep my curves, my birthmark. I want to look like myself," Rodriguez told Women's Health magazine.
"People will say 'You are not attractive'. People will say 'You are not skinny enough, not tall enough, not thick enough, not curvy enough, not white enough, not brown enough, not this enough'. Well, I really hope you don't feel that way about yourself, because then we are all screwed," she added.


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Location: Ringgold, GA, United States
Member Since: May 2010
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HIIII!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! I love to dance, read, write, sing, draw, and tons of other stuff too! I have another account on here by the name of Bellaluna, which is where I post most of my poems. I think I might post some of those on here too. I don't know yet.
I have a facebook, youtube channel, deviantart, two Booksie's, yahoo email, and.....more but i cant think of them yet...uhhh
ANYWAYS I love love love love love love music! My most favorite band EVER is called tokio hotel - they are amazing! I also love All Time Low, Avril Lavigne, Jeffree Star, Adam Lambert, Evanescence, Paramore, Skillet, Breaking Benjamin, Kerli, We Are The In Crowd, We are The Fallen, We the Kings, Eminem, AFI, Automatic Loveletter, Allstar Weekend, Apocalyptica, B.o.B. , Beyonce, BoyslikeGirls, Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Kate Voegele.
You get the idea. Anyways............................okay i have no idea what else to put! hahaha
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By Brad Segall
DOYLESTOWN, Pa. (CBS) — A Bucks County man who caused a deadly crash on the Route 611 bypass in Doylestown last Thanksgiving Eve will spend at least eight years behind bars after being found guilty in June of third-degree murder (see previous story).
Prosecutors say Drew Bodden was driving more than 130 miles an hour in his Mustang Cobra when he slammed into the back of Suzanne Berry's SUV, critically injuring Berry and killing her nine-year-old granddaughter, Holly Huynh.
The 38-year-old Plumstead man was sentenced to eight to 25 years in state prison.
Prosecutor Bob James says Bodden made glaring comments in a pre-sentencing investigation.
"When they asked why were driving so fast, his response to the investigators was, 'When you have a car like mine, you just have to let it out to have some fun, regardless of the risk.' "
In court, Berry's husband talked about how the crash changed their lives, and Holly's mother spoke about losing her only child.
Bodden apologized to the family, conceding he made a grave mistake.


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Polish off your nautical look
In the words of the famous Serge Gainsbourg song, sung by the blue-eyed Isabelle Adjani, "I touched the bottom of the pool, in my little navy blue sweater, all torn at the elbows...". Navy blue has always had strong style credentials!
Navy continues to steer us through the choppy waters of fashion! The Breton top, placed in the spotlight in a magazine cover shoot with a former minister and Made in France ambassador, is certainly earning its stripes. And we're not holding back with our sailor look either: fall-front pants, an A-line skirt, a slightly fitted navy blue pea coat with gold buttons, a cap and a navy shoulder bag, and we're good to go, matey!
To polish off your nautical look, put your trust in the original brands. We're talking vintage Armor-Lux, Jean-Paul Gaultier haute couture or even the über-cool St. James x Claudie Pierlot collaboration. For footwear, opt for loafers or Derby shoes to boost your androgynous look, or ankle boots for a more feminine vibe. The style cruise has only just begun! Have fun!
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The Best Gym Advice from our Six Star Ambassadors
Have you been in a gym slump?
The gym is never easy, even for regulars. Whether you've never been to the gym or you've hit a plateau, we're here to give you a little boost and get you fired up for your workout. We asked our Six Star® ambassadors for their best gym advice and they delivered. Keep reading for some serious motivation.
Whitney Johns – Consistency is Key
Don't fall into the trap of letting "perfect" be the enemy of "good." Consistency is key. Even if you don't have time for long workouts every day of the week, just aim to get in a sweat session regularly, in whatever form it may take. If you only have time to fit in a quick 20 minute sweat, that's better than not doing it at all, and it will help you greatly in staying on the right track.
Javain Wilson – Know Your Body
The advice that I would give to a person at the gym who's trying to achieve their fitness goal is:
Try to study your body to find out what works and what doesn't.
Amey Corson – Mind/Muscle Connection
Maximize the mind/muscle connection. Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned bodybuilder, practicing mind/muscle connection will help you get the most out of your gym session. You may be interrupted by your phone or other distractions during your workout and lose focus on the task at hand. You're moving your body, but your mind is somewhere else. You want to maximize the benefits of each set, rep or mile by honing in on the feeling of connectedness with your body and the muscles you're targeting with each exercise.
Mind/muscle connection helps you ensure that you're challenging yourself with enough intensity and helps you avoid injury. So, my advice is to avoid "zoning out" during your workout, and really give your body the attention it deserves with focused mind/muscle connection – it will pay off with results!
Scott Mooney – Get Uncomfortable
"The strongest person in the room… is in the wrong room." In other words, don't go somewhere where you're comfortable. Find people that are better than you. Ask them questions and learn from them. Don't just stay at your current gym because you're used to it and it makes you feel warm and fuzzy inside. Go somewhere that's a little intimidating and use the knowledge and skill around you to help you improve.


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I've had people ask me when I was going to put together a glitter set, as I've used various glitter in some of my templates........soooooooooo I decided to whip up a set in gold (I may do other colors too, if these are a hit}. There are 10 glittered overlays {yep, the glitter patterns are OVERLAYS}letters, numbers and shapes, all psd format. The papers are 10.25 x 10.25 psd files and the elements are all on one sheet, also a psd file.
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Thursday the 25% will be added back on, making them $32.
Yes- these can be used for Limited Professional use - for you as a photographer to add the images (you took) and print for your clients. I do not allow them to be put or made into templates that you are selling, in any way shape or form. I don't allow them to be used on eBay, Etsy (or other auction sites), Card creation sites or Printing companies please!!! If you can't agree to the terms- I ask you Please not to purchase my templates.
Terms of use can be downloaded here
Terms of use can be downloaded here
Tuesday, February 11, 2014
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Friday, April 29
• Last-quarter Moon (exact at 11:29 p.m. EDT). The Moon rises tonight around 2 a.m. local daylight-saving time. It shines above dim Capricornus before the first light of dawn.
Saturday, April 30
• These evenings, the long, dim sea serpent Hydra snakes far across the southern sky. Find his head, an asterism about the width of your thumb at arm's length, in the southwest. It's to the lower right of Regulus by about two fists at arm's length. Hydra's tail reaches all the way to Libra rising in the southeast. His star pattern, from forehead to tail-tip, is 95° long.
Sunday, May 1
• Even though May has begun, wintry Sirius still twinkles very low in the west-southwest at the end of twilight (for mid-northern skywatchers). It sets soon after. How much longer into May can you keep Sirius in view? What will be its date of "heliacal setting" as seen by you?
• All week, the Mars-Saturn-Antares triangle awaits intrepid skywatchers in early dawn, as shown at right.
Monday, May 2
• Two famous galaxies are detectable with good binoculars off the handle of the Big Dipper, if your skies are pretty dark. See Gary Seronik's guide to M51 and M101 in the Binocular Highlights for the May Sky & Telescope, page 43.
And with a telescope, explore galaxies under the Dipper's bowl starting on page 54.
Tuesday, May 3
• Bright Jupiter stands high due south at dusk. To its right is the Sickle of Leo, upright with Regulus marking the bottom of its handle. The Sickle's second-brightest star is Algieba, Gamma Leonis, a fine double star for telescopes. Before the Moon comes back into the evening sky, explore the faint galaxy groups around Algieba with Sue French's Deep-Sky Wonders article, charts, and photos in the April Sky & Telescope, page 54.
Wednesday, May 4
• The Eta Aquariid meteor shower should peak before local dawn Thursday morning, bit it's active for several mornings before and after as well. This is often the best shower of the year for the Southern Hemisphere. Mid-northern meteor watchers are less well placed and will see fewer. The sky is free of moonlight.
Thursday, May 5
• Summer is more than six weeks away, but the Summer Triangle is making its appearance in the east, one star after another. The first in view is Vega. It's already visible low in the northeast as twilight fades.
Next up is Deneb, lower left of Vega by two or three fists at arm's length. Deneb takes about an hour to appear after Vega does, depending on your latitude.
The third is Altair, which shows up far to their lower right around midnight.
Friday, May 6
• Double shadow transit on Jupiter. Both Callisto and Io cast their tiny black shadows onto Jupiter's sunlit face from 12:38 to 1:42 a.m. EDT tonight (9:38 to 10:42 p.m. PDT).
• New Moon (exact at 3:30 p.m. EDT; 12:30 p.m. PDT).
Saturday, May 7
• Twenty or thirty minutes after sunset, try to catch the hairline crescent Moon just a few degrees above the west-northwest horizon, as shown here. Binoculars will help! Is this the youngest Moon you've ever seen? It's only about 28 hours from new as seen from the East Coast, 31 hours from new as seen from the Pacific time zone. (Calculate its age at the time of your sighting from the time of yesterday's new Moon, above.)
Aldebaran is a few degrees above or upper left of the delicate Moon. Which of the two is less difficult to see in binoculars? With the unaided eye?
Want to become a better astronomer? Learn your way around the constellations. They're the key to locating everything fainter and deeper to hunt with binoculars or a telescope.
This is an outdoor nature hobby. For an easy-to-use constellation guide covering the whole evening sky, use the big monthly map in the center of each issue of Sky & Telescope, the essential guide to astronomy.
Once you get a telescope, to put it to good use you'll need a detailed, large-scale sky atlas (set of charts). The basic standard is the Pocket Sky Atlas (in either the original or new Jumbo Edition), which shows stars to magnitude 7.6.
Next up is the larger and deeper Sky Atlas 2000.0, plotting stars to magnitude 8.5, nearly three times as many. The next up, once you know your way around, is the even larger Uranometria 2000.0 (stars to magnitude 9.75). And read how to use sky charts with a telescope.
You'll also want a good deep-sky guidebook, such as Sue French's Deep-Sky Wonders collection (which includes its own charts), Sky Atlas 2000.0 Companion by Strong and Sinnott, or the bigger Night Sky Observer's Guide by Kepple and Sanner.
Can a computerized telescope replace charts? Not for beginners, I don't think, and not on mounts and tripods that are less than top-quality mechanically (meaning heavy and expensive). And as Terence Dickinson and Alan Dyer say in their Backyard Astronomer's Guide, "A full appreciation of the universe cannot come without developing the skills to find things in the sky and understanding how the sky works. This knowledge comes only by spending time under the stars with star maps in hand."
This Week's Planet Roundup
Mercury and Venus are hidden in the glare of the Sun. But plan for the daytime transit of Mercury across the Sun's face on Monday the 9th! See the May Sky & Telescope, page 48.
Mars is entering its closest and grandest two-month spell in a decade. This week Mars rises around 10 p.m. daylight-saving time, blazing at a Sirius-bright magnitude –1.5 in upper Scorpius. As it climbs higher, you'll find Antares 5° below it and Saturn 8° to its lower left. This striking triangle stands highest in the south around 3 a.m. (more than an hour before the first light of dawn), now with Saturn to Mars's left.
In a telescope this week, Mars grows from a very healthy 16 to 17 arcseconds in diameter as Earth continues to approach it. See our telescopic Mars guide in the April Sky & Telescope, page 48.
Mars will come to opposition on the night of May 21–22. For several days around its closest approach to Earth on May 30th, it will reach an apparent diameter of 18.6 arcseconds, its largest since 2005. (And at its next opposition and closest approach, in July 2018, it will grow to 24.3 arcseconds — nearly the largest we can ever see it.)
Jupiter (magnitude –2.2, in southern Leo) stands highest in the south at nightfall. Nothing else that high is nearly that bright. See our telescopic guide to Jupiter in the March Sky & Telescope, page 48.
Saturn (magnitude +0.2, between the legs of Ophiuchus above Scorpius) rises about a half hour after brighter Mars, following about 8° to Mars's lower left. By early dawn they stand in the south-southwest, with Saturn now upper left of Mars and fainter Antares about 5° below them.
Uranus is hidden in the sunrise.
Neptune is very low in the east-southeast as dawn begins.
All descriptions that relate to your horizon — including the words up, down, right, and left — are written for the world's mid-northern latitudes. Descriptions that also depend on longitude (mainly Moon positions) are for North America.
Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) is Universal Time (UT, UTC, or GMT) minus 4 hours.
"This adventure is made possible by generations of searchers strictly adhering to a simple set of rules. Test ideas by experiments and observations. Build on those ideas that pass the test. Reject the ones that fail. Follow the evidence wherever it leads, and question everything. Accept these terms, and the cosmos is yours."
— Neil deGrasse Tyson
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NEWPORT BEACH, Calif., April 2, 2018 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ — Every hour, 24-hours-a-day, 365-days-a-year, someone dies of oral or oropharyngeal cancer (cancers of the mouth and upper throat) in the US. However, when oral cancer is detected and treated early, treatment-related health problems are reduced, and survival rates may increase.
This year an estimated 51,550 new cases of oral and oropharyngeal cancers will be diagnosed in the US. Of those individuals, 40 percent will not survive longer than five years, and many who do survive suffer long-term problems, such as severe facial disfigurement or difficulties with eating and speaking. The death rate associated with oral and oropharyngeal cancers remains particularly high because the cancers routinely are discovered late in their development.
This April, as the nation observes the 19th Annual Oral Cancer Awareness Month, the Academy of General Dentistry, the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, the American Academy of Oral Medicine, the American Academy of Periodontology, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, and the American Dental Hygienists' Association are again joining the non-profit Oral Cancer Foundation in its campaign to raise awareness of oral cancer screenings and the importance of early detection.
Regular oral cancer examinations performed by your oral health professional remain the best method for detecting oral cancer in its early stages.
Be Mindful of Symptoms: Public Urged to "Check Your Mouth"
For the first time, the efforts of the Foundation and the six dental associations cited above will be bolstered by the Oral Cancer Foundation's Check Your Mouth™ individual self-discovery initiative (checkyourmouth.org). Check Your Mouth encourages the public to regularly self-check for signs and symptoms of oral cancer between dental visits, and to see a dental professional if they do not improve or disappear after two-three weeks.
Signs and symptoms of oral cancer caused by tobacco usage and/or excessive alcohol usage may include one or more of the following:
Any sore or ulceration that does not heal within 14 days.
A red, white, or black discoloration of the soft tissues of the mouth.
Any abnormality that bleeds easily when touched.
A lump or hard spot in the tissue, usually border of the tongue.
Tissue raised above that which surrounds it; a growth.
A sore under a denture, which even after adjustment of the denture, that does not heal.
A lump or thickening that develops in the mouth.
A painless, firm, fixated lump felt on the outside of the neck, that has been there for at least two weeks.
All these symptoms have the commonality of being persistent and not resolving.
Signs and symptoms of HPV-caused oropharyngeal cancer persist longer than two-three weeks and may include one or more of the following:
Hoarseness or sore throat that does not resolve.
A painless, firm, fixated lump felt on the outside of the neck, which has been there for at least two weeks.
Constant coughing that does not resolve.
Difficulty swallowing; a sensation that food is getting caught in your throat.
An earache on one side (unilateral) that persists for more than a few days.
All of these symptoms have the commonality of being persistent and not resolving.


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Everyone loves a little Shakira now and then.
Some have a full-blown Shakira obsession, others think of her as their favorite guilty pleasure (sorry, One Direction) and still others have a nostalgic affection for those early hits that they just can't shake.
Whenever, wherever they choose to love Shakira, there are a lot of fans of the Colombian goddess out there.
So how can you turn your Shakira worship into a Spanish learning experience?
You could try and learn her dance moves…
You could do fifty sit ups a day in an attempt to get her abs….
Or you could read this post and find out all about how to learn Spanish with Shakira.
Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)
Can I seriously learn Spanish with Shakira?
Yup. Claro que sí. Although when we say "with Shakira," we don't actually mean that she's going to come to your house to whisper sweet Spanish nothings in your ear in person. Rather, we mean this in a more virtual sense. That's right. We're going to use her songs and videos.
Why choose Shakira? Well, apart from the fact that she's objectively amazing, the other benefits are:
- Her Colombian Spanish is neutral. It's quite slow and isn't peppered with loads of regional slang. It also sounds lovely.
- Many of Shakira's songs are translated into English. This means that you can reference the English versions while you're learning, and also impress your friends by singing along next time in Spanish.
- Um, she's Shakira. You get to listen to her songs and watch videos while learning and experience some Shakira love. Plus, we'll be looking at some songs you perhaps didn't know—and some more obscure hits from her very early days that you've almost definitely never seen or heard (spoiler: Shakira is a natural brunette!).
Let's get going!
These Tips Don't Lie: How to Learn Spanish with Shakira
1. "Nunca Me Acuerdo de Olvidarte"
First things first. Watch the video.
The video is almost the same as the English version, except that Rihanna isn't in it, so there's more time for Shakira to rub herself up against the wall in a red tasseled dress. Also, the lip-syncing in Spanish is much more believable than in the English version.
Now that you've enjoyed Shakira playing guitar in a slightly flooded room (Is it a room? Why is it flooded? Why can't we make sense of this scene?), you can try to work out the lyrics verse by verse.
Here's the first verse in Spanish:
Me temo que sí
Se trata de ti
Voy a repetir
El mismo error de ayer
Y como es natural
Suele suceder
Y no hay ciego peor
Que el que no quiere ver
Now, you might think you could just cheat and look at the English version, but the English is actually quite different, so no such luck. You worked it out? Compare what you got with this:
I'm afraid that yes
It's about you
I'm going to repeat
the same mistake I made before (the Spanish version says yesterday, but we can imagine it's more of a metaphorical yesterday)
And as is natural
Just like always
There's no worse blind person
Than one who doesn't want to see
Now you've got one verse down, you can carry on and try and translate the rest. As you'll probably realize, the song is about Shakira trying to forget someone but she keeps forgetting to forget, which causes her such distress she takes most of her clothes off and rolls around on a bed/up against a wall.
Poor Shakira.
Useful vocabulary in this song includes suele suceder. The verb soler means "to usually do." So suele suceder would be "what usually happens," or more likely, "what always happens."
Useful grammar includes real-life use of the grammar point we all love to hate, the subjunctive. Examples of this: donde tu vayas, sabes que voy yo. Vayas is the subjunctive of the verb ir and is used here because there is an element of doubt about where the person Shakira is talking to will go.
2. "Mi verdad" (ft. Maná)
Don't know this one? Wondering who Maná are?
Again, watch the video first.
This song came out in February of 2015 and features a heavily pregnant Shakira singing around a campfire with Mexican band Maná (who are huge in Latin America, even though you might not have heard of them). They appear to be in some sort of underground tunnel filled with giant letters of words like verdad and oasis.
The song is a typical love song, and talks a lot about how much lying and cheating there is in the world, and how eres mi verdad (you are my truth).
Like the last song, it's a good idea to look up the lyrics (you'll have to look at them in Spanish as this song doesn't exist in English) and try to work them out verse by verse. Then you can practice singing along.
The lying vocabulary is probably the most useful part of this song. So you can learn/revise words like engaño (cheating), mentiras (lies) and ocultar (to hide). This might be useful if you do ever end up in an argument with your own Latin lover. Also, Spanish music is full of this language.
The song is in the present tense, so it's a good chance to revise the basics.
Other useful Maná songs include "Como Quisiera" and Maná's collaboration with Santana, "Corazón Espinado."
3. "Suerte"
"Suerte," or as you probably know it, "Whenever, Wherever," propelled Shakira to fame outside of Latin America in 2001, and she hasn't looked back since. In the video, she moves her hips in the way that she soon became famous for, rolls around in the mud and generally dances around a lot on top of a mountain and in the desert. Oh, and she's surrounded by a load of galloping horses.
The Spanish version of the song is similar to the English one in a lot of ways, but the chorus is pretty different.
Let's take a look at it:
Contigo, mi vida
quiero vivir la vida
y lo que me queda de vida
quiero vivir contigo
She repeats this twice in every chorus.
As you can see, there's no mention of the words "Whenever, Wherever," which were made up for the English version.
Try figuring out the Spanish before checking with this translation:
With you, my life (or my love)
I want to live my life
And what's left of my life
I want to live with you
Other useful vocabulary includes burlemos ("let's laugh at" or "let's make fun of"), so burlemos las distancias means "let's laugh at the distances" or "let's make the distances not important to us." This is a reference to Shakira's ex-husband, who's from Argentina.
The subjunctive also pops up in this song, for example the first line "Suerte que en el sur hayas nacido" (How lucky that you were born in the South, another reference to the Argentine ex). Hayas nacido is an example of the Spanish past subjunctive. The subjunctive is used in this case because it comes after suerte que.
4. "La Tortura" (ft. Alejandro Sanz)
A smash hit across Latin America, "La Tortura" is a sexy hit featuring the Spanish singer Alejandro Sanz.
In the video, he and Shakira exchange a lot of sultry looks, there's some sexy action over some onions and tomatoes and she does her usual thing of shaking her stomach around in a bikini while covered in mud.
The song is about two lovers who haven't always been santos (saints) and obviously have a passionate, volatile relationship. They sing about how hard it is to lose each other (thus the title about torture). Try translating the lyrics, and the relationship between the two becomes clearer.
Useful grammar here demonstrates the subjunctive and the present tense in action. For an extra challenge, try to translate and sing along to the faster bits:
Yo sé que no he sido un santo
Pero lo puedo arreglar, amor
No solo de pan vive el hombre
Y no de excusas vivo yo
Solo de errores se aprende
Y hoy sé que es tuyo mi corazón
Mejor te guardas todo eso
A otro perro con ese hueso
Y nos decimos adiós
And with that last line, that's about it for learning Spanish with Shakira for now.
As promised, we're going to give you some videos that show Shakira as a brunette, back when she kept her clothes on and lived in Colombia.
Try "Pies Descalzos," the live acoustic version of "Moscas en la Casa," and, for a dreadlocked Shakira, check out "Inevitable."
Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)
And One More Thing…
If you like learning colorful, memorable Spanish lessons like these, then you'll love FluentU.
FluentU takes real-world videos like music videos, commercials, news, and inspiring talks and turns them into Spanish learning experiences.
Other sites use scripted content. FluentU uses a natural approach that helps you ease into the Spanish language and culture over time. You'll learn Spanish as it's actually spoken by real people.
FluentU has a wide variety of videos—topics like soccer, TV shows, business, movies and even magical realism, as you can see here:
FluentU brings native videos within reach with interactive transcripts. You can tap on any word to look it up instantly. Every definition has examples that have been written to help you understand how the word is used. If you see an interesting word you don't know, you can add it to a vocab list.
Learn all the vocabulary in any video with FluentU's Learn Mode. Swipe left or right to see more examples of the word you're on.
The best part is that FluentU keeps track of the vocabulary that you're learning, and it recommends you examples and videos based on the words you've already learned. Every learner has a truly personalized experience, even if they're learning the same video.
Start using FluentU on the website with your computer or tablet or, better yet, download the FluentU app from the iTunes store or get it on Google Play for Android devices.
If you liked this post, something tells me that you'll love FluentU, the best way to learn Spanish with real-world videos.


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Public Health Jobs That Are In Great DemandJune 26, 2015
The field of public health had expanded dramatically over the past few years and is today a very promising field with huge potential for growth. The growth and expansion of this field has given rise to several new sub-specialties that public health professionals can choose from, whether it is in education, research, administration or public policy.
If you are considering a career in public health, take a look at some of the options available to you depending on your interest areas and your skill set.
Public Health Officer
Public health officers focus on improving the health of entire communities, rather than individual patients. Professionals in this field usually work in the military, with non-profit organisations, federal agencies or the government.
Epidemiologists in the public sector usually work in universities, health departments and laboratories. They study causes of various diseases, how these diseases are spread and how they can be controlled. The findings of these studies are then reported to health officers.
Public Health Nurse
A public health nurse provides healthcare for the whole community instead of caring for one individual at a time. They educate entire communities about vital health issues, particularly about the cause and prevention of various illnesses and diseases.
Infection Control Officer
A professional in this field monitors patients who are suffering from infectious diseases and reports these findings to the public health department. Infection control officers will also overlook patient care at a hospital and ensure that the doctors and nurses are taking adequate precautions so that the disease does not spread.
Nutritionists who work in the public health sector implement different kinds of nutrition plans that they feel are necessary for the people of a particular region in order to deal with illnesses or to lead overall healthier lives.
Biostatisticians collect and analyse large amounts of data from the public using a variety of mathematical techniques. Public health trends and problems can be inferred from analysing this data. Biostatisticians make use of surveys and experiments in order to gather the data that they need.
Clinical Trial Analyst
A clinical trial analyst studies research data that is obtained from clinical trials and then comes to conclusions based on whether a drug treatment is effective or not. These analysts work alongside clinic research groups and they collect necessary data from various clinical studies.
Health Educator
Health educators teach people how to maintain a healthy life. They assess health problems that occur in a community, form programs, create awareness among people and help these people get into a healthy style of living.
One of the greatest aspects about choosing a career in public healthcare is that you are no longer restricted to following the single traditional path. Today, your options are endless not just in terms of a wider variety of choices but also in terms of job potential and the amount you can earn. Before you choose any one path, it is important to take into consideration the education that is required as well as your personal preferences and professional goals.


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|This document is available in two formats: this web page (for browsing content) and PDF (comparable to original document formatting). To view the PDF you will need Acrobat Reader, which may be downloaded from the Adobe site. For an official signed copy, please contact the Antitrust Documents Group.
The United States, pursuant to Section 2(b) of the Antitrust Procedures and Penalties Act ("APPA"), 15 U.S.C. § 16(b)-(h), files this Competitive Impact Statement relating to the proposed Final Judgment submitted for entry in this civil antitrust proceeding.
On March 20, 2000, the United States filed a civil antitrust suit that alleges that an acquisition by The Earthgrains Company ("Earthgrains") of Metz Holdings, Inc. ("Metz") would violate Section 7 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 18. The Complaint alleges that in many markets in the Midwest, Earthgrains and Metz are two of only a few significant competitors in the production and sale of white pan bread, and that their combination would substantially lessen competition in these already highly concentrated markets, including Kansas City, Missouri; Omaha, Nebraska; Des Moines, Iowa; and many smaller communities in Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska. According to the Complaint, the loss of competition would likely result in retailers and consumers paying higher prices for white pan bread in these areas. The prayer for relief in the Complaint seeks: (1) a judgment that the proposed acquisition would violate Section 7 of the Clayton Act; and (2) a permanent injunction that would prevent Earthgrains from acquiring control of Metz or otherwise combining Metz's assets with its own business.
At the same time the Complaint was filed, the United States also filed a proposed settlement that would permit Earthgrains to complete its acquisition of Metz, yet preserve competition in the markets in which the transaction would otherwise raise significant competitive concerns. The settlement consists of a proposed Final Judgment and a Hold Separate Stipulation and Order. In essence, the Hold Separate Stipulation and Order would require Earthgrains to maintain certain bread brands, and associated production and distribution assets, as economically viable, ongoing concerns, operated independently of Earthgrains's other businesses until the divestitures mandated by the Final Judgment have been accomplished.
The proposed Final Judgment orders defendants to divest to one or more acquirers the Colonial and Taystee labels of white pan bread for use in each of the affected markets, including all of the cities and counties identified in the proposed Final Judgement. See Final Judgment, §II (H). Because an acquirer may require other assets in order to compete effectively and viably in the sale of white pan bread in the affected areas, under the Final Judgment the United States may, in its sole discretion, require the divestiture of additional assets, including (a) Earthgrains's Des Moines, IA bakery; (b) a license to produce buns, rolls, and any other bread under the Colonial and Taystee labels; (c) Earthgrains's and Metz's bread routes, trucks, and customer lists; and (d) other ancillary assets currently used by Earthgrains and Metz in the production, distribution and sale of white pan bread under the Colonial or Taystee labels. Defendants must complete these divestitures within 90 days after filing of the Complaint,(1) or five days after entry of the Final Judgment, whichever is later. If they do not complete the divestitures within the prescribed time, the Court may appoint a trustee to sell the assets.
The United States and defendants have stipulated that the proposed Final Judgment may be entered after compliance with the APPA. Entry of the proposed Final Judgment would terminate this action, except that the Court would retain jurisdiction to construe, modify, or enforce the provisions of the proposed Final Judgment and to punish violations thereof.
Earthgrains, based in St. Louis, Missouri, is the nation's second largest wholesale commercial baker. It operates a total of 43 commercial bakeries throughout the United States, though its bread production and sales are concentrated primarily in the South and Midwest. In 1999, Earthgrains reported sales of $1.93 billion.(2)
Specialty Foods Corporation is a privately held concern that owns several baking operations, including Metz. Metz, based in Deerfield, Illinois, is one of the largest regional wholesale commercial bakers. It produces and sells white pan bread throughout the Midwest, primarily in Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Utah, and Wisconsin. In 1999, Metz's total revenues exceeded $600 million.
On November 15, 1999, Earthgrains agreed to acquire Metz from Specialty Foods for about $625 million. This proposed transaction, which would combine Earthgrains and Metz and substantially lessen competition in the sale of white pan bread in many areas of the Midwest, precipitated the government's antitrust suit.
White pan bread describes the ubiquitous, white, sliced, soft loaf known to most consumers as "plain old white bread." An American household staple, typically used for sandwiches, white pan bread is sold in the commercial bread aisle of every grocery store, as well as many other retail stores. White pan bread differs significantly from other types of bread, such as variety bread (e.g., wheat, rye or French) and freshly baked in-store breads, in taste, texture, uses, perceived nutritional value, keeping qualities, and appeal to various groups of consumers. Families with young children, for instance, strongly prefer to purchase white pan bread because children prefer this bread.
Because of its unique appeal and distinguishing attributes, a small but significant increase in the price of white pan bread by all producers would not cause a significant number of current purchasers to substitute any other type of breads, or for that matter, any other product. The sale of white pan bread to consumers through retailers is, therefore, a relevant product market in which to assess the competitive effects of the acquisition.
White pan bread is mass produced on high-speed production lines by wholesale commercial bakers, who package and sell it to retailers under either their own brand or a private label (i.e., a brand controlled by a grocery chain or buying cooperative). Though physically similar to private label bread, branded white pan bread is perceived by consumers as higher quality bread; consequently, consumers often pay a premium of twice as much or more for branded white pan bread.
The Complaint alleges that the provision of white pan bread through retail outlets takes place in highly localized geographic markets. The high transportation costs, short shelf life, and extensive bakery control over the sale of their branded white bread products all make it very expensive and difficult for retail stores and consumers to purchase white pan bread from bakers that are not local market incumbents.
Earthgrains and Metz compete directly in producing, promoting, and selling both private label and branded white pan bread to grocery retailers, who in turn sell it to consumers. In the relevant areas alleged in the Complaint, Earthgrains sells two brands of white pan bread, either IronKids and Colonial or IronKids and Rainbo, and Metz sells two brands of white pan bread, either Pillsbury and Old Home or Pillsbury and Taystee.
Earthgrains and Metz recognize the keen rivalry between their bread products in the relevant geographic markets. To avoid losing sales to the other, each has engaged in extensive promotional and couponing campaigns that reduce the prices charged for their branded white pan breads to the benefit of retailers and consumers. Each also competed against the other in pricing and in improving the quality and services offered in connection with both branded and private label white pan bread. Through these activities, Earthgrains and Metz have each operated as a significant competitive constraint on the other's prices for branded and private label white pan bread.
The Complaint alleges that Earthgrains's acquisition of Metz would remove the competitive constraint each has had on the other, and create (or facilitate Earthgrains's exercise of) market power (i.e., the ability to increase prices to consumers) in a number of relevant geographic markets throughout the Midwest, including the Kansas City, Missouri; Omaha, Nebraska; and Des Moines, Iowa metropolitan areas; and in many smaller communities in Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska.
Specifically, the Complaint alleges that in each of the markets, Earthgrains and Metz are two of only a few significant competitors. The acquisition would increase concentration significantly in these already highly concentrated, difficult-to-enter markets.(3) Post-acquisition, Earthgrains would dominate each market, accounting for at least 58 percent of all sales of white pan bread in the Omaha market, at least 52 percent in the Kansas City market, about 56 percent in the Des Moines market, and likely half or more of all sales of white pan bread in many smaller communities in Iowa, western Illinois, northeastern Kansas, northwestern Missouri, and eastern Nebraska. Moreover, after the merger, Earthgrains and only one or two other competitors would control more than 90 percent of annual sales revenues of white pan bread in these areas.
The Complaint alleges that Earthgrains's acquisition of Metz in each of these markets would cause a substantial reduction in competition either from an increased likelihood of coordinated pricing that would result from the elimination of a significant competitor, Metz, or from the likelihood that Earthgrains will acquire the power to unilaterally increase prices to consumers for branded white pan bread after the merger. In both instances, the merger is likely to lead to higher prices to consumers who purchase white pan bread through retail outlets in the relevant areas.
The Complaint alleges that entry by other wholesale commercial bakers into the sale of white pan bread in any of the adversely affected geographic markets is time-consuming, expensive and difficult, and hence, unlikely to soon counteract these anticompetitive effects.
The proposed Final Judgment would preserve competition in the sale of white pan bread in each of the relevant geographic markets. Within 90 days after March 20th, the date the Complaint was filed, or five days after entry of the Final Judgment, whichever is later, defendants must divest two of their popular white pan bread brands, the Colonial and Taystee labels,(4) and such other production and distribution assets that the United States determines may be necessary to create an economically viable competitor in the sale of white pan bread in each geographic market.(5) It may well be that the sale to an existing wholesale baker of exclusive rights to make and sell white pan bread under either the Colonial and Taystee labels is all that is required to accomplish this goal. Depending on the acquirer's requirements, however, effective divestiture may require the sale of other assets such as Earthgrains's Des Moines, IA bakery, which currently services the relevant areas; a license to sell buns, rolls, or other bread under the Colonial and Taystee labels; and the bread routes, trucks, thrift stores, depots, warehouses, customer contracts and lists used by Earthgrains and Metz in production, distribution, and sale of white pan bread under the Colonial and Taystee labels. Defendants must use their best efforts to accomplish the divestitures as expeditiously as possible. The proposed Final Judgment provides that the assets must be divested in such a way as to satisfy the United States, in its sole discretion, that the assets can and will be used by the acquirer as part of a viable, ongoing business or businesses engaged in the sale of white pan bread in the geographic areas covered by the Final Judgment.(6)
If defendants do not accomplish the ordered divestitures within the prescribed time period, the proposed Final Judgment provides that the Court will appoint a trustee to complete the divestitures. If a trustee is appointed, the proposed Final Judgment provides that defendants must pay all costs and expenses of the trustee. The trustee's commission will be structured so as to provide an incentive for the trustee based on the price obtained and the speed with which divestiture is accomplished. After his or her appointment becomes effective, the trustee will file periodic, biweekly reports with the parties and the Court, setting forth the trustee's efforts to accomplish the required divestiture. At the end of six months, if the divestiture has not been accomplished, then the trustee and the parties will make recommendations to the Court, which shall enter such orders as appropriate.
The relief in the Final Judgment has been tailored to ensure that the ordered divestitures maintain competition that would have been eliminated as a result of the merger and prevent the exercise of market power after the merger in each of the various markets alleged in the Complaint.
Section 4 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 15, provides that any person who has been injured as a result of conduct prohibited by the antitrust laws may bring suit in federal court to recover three times the damages the person has suffered, as well as costs and reasonable attorneys' fees. Entry of the proposed Final Judgment will neither impair nor assist the bringing of any private antitrust damage action. Under the provisions of Section 5(a) of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 16(a), the proposed Final Judgment has no prima facie effect in any subsequent private lawsuit that may be brought against defendant.
The parties have stipulated that the proposed Final Judgment may be entered by the Court after compliance with the provisions of the APPA, provided that the United States has not withdrawn its consent. The APPA conditions entry of the decree upon the Court's determination that the proposed Final Judgment is in the public interest.
The APPA provides a period of at least 60 days preceding the effective date of the proposed Final Judgment within which any person may submit to the United States written comments regarding the proposed Final Judgment. Any person who wishes to comment should do so within sixty (60) days of the date of publication of this Competitive Impact Statement in the Federal Register. The United States will evaluate and respond to the comments. All comments will be given due consideration by the Department of Justice, which remains free to withdraw its consent to the proposed Judgment at any time prior to entry. The comments and the response of the United States will be filed with the Court and published in the Federal Register. Written comments should be submitted to:
J. Robert Kramer II Chief, Litigation II Section Antitrust Division United States Department of Justice 1401 H Street, NW, Suite 3000 Washington, D.C. 20530
The proposed Final Judgment provides that the Court retains jurisdiction over this action, and the parties may apply to the Court for any order necessary or appropriate for the modification, interpretation, or enforcement of the Final Judgment.
The United States considered, as an alternative to the proposed Final Judgment, a full trial on the merits against defendants Earthgrains, Specialty Foods and Metz. The United States could have continued the litigation to seek preliminary and permanent injunctions against Earthgrains's acquisition of Metz. The United States is satisfied, however, that defendants' divestiture of the assets described in the proposed Final Judgment will establish, preserve and ensure a viable competitor in each of the relevant markets identified by the United States. To this end, the United States is convinced that the proposed relief, once implemented by the Court, will prevent Earthgrains's acquisition of Metz from having adverse competitive effects.
The APPA requires that proposed consent judgments in antitrust cases brought by the United States be subject to a sixty-day comment period, after which the court shall determine whether entry of the proposed Final Judgment "is in the public interest." In making that determination, the court may consider--
15 U.S.C. § 16(e) (emphasis added). As the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit has held, the APPA permits a court to consider, among other things, the relationship between the remedy secured and the specific allegations set forth in the government's complaint, whether the decree is sufficiently clear, whether enforcement mechanisms are sufficient, and whether the decree may positively harm third parties. See United States v. Microsoft Corp., 56 F.3d 1448, 1458-62 (D.C. Cir. 1995).
In conducting this inquiry, "the Court is nowhere compelled to go to trial or to engage in extended proceedings which might have the effect of vitiating the benefits of prompt and less costly settlement through the consent decree process."(7) Rather,
absent a showing of corrupt failure of the government to discharge its duty, the Court, in making its public interest finding, should . . . carefully consider the explanations of the government in the competitive impact statement and its responses to comments in order to determine whether those explanations are reasonable under the circumstances.
United States v. Mid-America Dairymen, Inc., 1977-1 Trade Cas. (CCH) ¶ 61,508, at 71,980 (W.D. Mo. 1977).
Accordingly, with respect to the adequacy of the relief secured by the decree, a court may not "engage in an unrestricted evaluation of what relief would best serve the public." United States v. BNS, Inc., 858 F.2d 456, 462 (9th Cir. 1988), quoting United States v. Bechtel Corp., 648 F.2d 660, 666 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1083 (1981); see also Microsoft, 56 F.3d 1448 (D.C. Cir. 1995). Precedent requires that
the balancing of competing social and political interests affected by a proposed antitrust consent decree must be left, in the first instance, to the discretion of the Attorney General. The court's role in protecting the public interest is one of insuring that the government has not breached its duty to the public in consenting to the decree. The court is required to determine not whether a particular decree is the one that will best serve society, but whether the settlement is "within the reaches of the public interest." More elaborate requirements might undermine the effectiveness of antitrust enforcement by consent decree.(8)
The proposed Final Judgment, therefore, should not be reviewed under a standard of whether it is certain to eliminate every anticompetitive effect of a particular practice or whether it mandates certainty of free competition in the future. Court approval of a final judgment requires a standard more flexible and less strict than the standard required for a finding of liability. "[A] proposed decree must be approved even if it falls short of the remedy the court would impose on its own, as long as it falls within the range of acceptability or is 'within the reaches of public interest' (citations omitted)."(9)
Moreover, the court's role under the Tunney Act is limited to reviewing the remedy in relationship to the violations that the United States has alleged in its complaint, and does not authorize the Court to "construct [its] own hypothetical case and then evaluate the decree against that case," Microsoft, 56 F.3d at 1459. Since "[t]he court's authority to review the decree depends entirely on the government's exercising its prosecutorial discretion by bringing a case in the first place," it follows that the court "is only authorized to review the decree itself," and not to "effectively redraft the complaint" to inquire into other matters that the United States might have but did not pursue. Id.
There is a single determinative document within the meaning of the APPA that was considered by the United States in formulating the proposed Final Judgment. That document, a letter dated March 17, 2000 from Kim Murphy, an attorney at Interstate Brands Corporation ("IBC"), to David Groce, General Counsel of Earthgrains, is attached to the Final Judgment as Appendix A. (A copy of this letter is reproduced in the attached Appendix.) Although defendants proposed licensing the Taystee label as a step toward alleviating the competitive harm, Metz's license rights to that label were subject to the approval of the original licensee, IBC. Defendants subsequently secured assurances from IBC that it would permit the Taystee label to be licensed to an acquirer acceptable to the United States under the terms of the Final Judgment. Divestiture of the Taystee label became acceptable to the United States only after it had received that written assurance.
Dated: April 7, 2000.
1. The Complaint was filed on March 20, 2000.
2. The Complaint inaccurately alleges that Earthgrains operates 28 commercial bakeries and reported sales of $1.6 billion in 1999. It, in fact, operated 43 commercial bakeries and reported $1.93 million in annual sales.
3. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index ("HHI") is a widely-used measure of market concentration. Following the acquisition, the approximate post-merger HHIs, calculated from 1999 dollar sales, would be about 3800 with a change of 875 points for the Omaha area; 3400 with a change of 1378 points for the Kansas City area; and 3500 with a change of 1530 points for the Des Moines area. Under the Merger Guidelines, an acquisition that increases the HHI by 50 points or more in a market in which the post-merger HHI will exceed 1800 points may raise serious competitive concerns.
4. As defined in the Final Judgment, a "label" "means all legal rights associated with a brand's trademarks, trade names, service names, service marks, intellectual property, copyrights, designs, and trade dress; the brand's trade secrets; the brand's technical information and production know-how, including, but not limited to, recipes and formulas used to produce bread currently sold under the brand, and any improvements to, or line extensions thereof; and packaging, marketing and distribution know-how and documentation, such as customer lists and route maps, associated with the brand." Final Judgment, §II (F). Divesting a label would require defendants to grant, at a minimum, "[a] perpetual, royalty-free, freely assignable and transferrable, and exclusive license to make, have made, use or sell white pan bread in the Relevant Territory under each of the Relevant Labels." Id., §II (D)(1).
5. These assets are defined in the Final Judgment as the "Additional Baking Assets." See Final Judgment, §II (E).
6. These areas, listed in the "Relevant Territory" definition of the Final Judgment, §II (H), include a number of cities and counties in Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska.
7. 119 Cong. Rec. 24598 (1973). See United States v. Gillette Co., 406 F. Supp. 713, 715 (D. Mass. 1975). A "public interest" determination can be made properly on the basis of the Competitive Impact Statement and Response to Comments filed pursuant to the APPA. Although the APPA authorizes the use of additional procedures, 15 U.S.C. § 16(f), those procedures are discretionary. A court need not invoke any of them unless it believes that the comments have raised significant issues and that further proceedings would aid the court in resolving those issues. See H.R. 93-1463, 93rd Cong. 2d Sess. 8-9, reprinted in (1974) U.S.C.C. A.N. 6535, 6538.
8. 8 United States v. Bechtel Corp., 648 F.2d at 666 (citations omitted) (emphasis added); see United States v. BNS, Inc., 858 F.2d at 463; United States v. National Broadcasting Co., 449 F. Supp. 1127, 1143 (C.D. Cal. 1978); United States v. Gillette Co., 406 F. Supp. at 716. See also United States v. American Cyanamid Co., 719 F.2d 558, 565 (2d Cir. 1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1101 (1984).
9. United States v. American Tel. and Tel. Co., 552 F. Supp. 131, 150 (D.D.C. 1982), aff'd sub nom. Maryland v. United States, 460 U.S. 1001 (1983) quoting United States v. Gillette Co., supra, 406 F. Supp. at 716; United States v. Alcan Aluminum, Ltd., 605 F. Supp. 619, 622 (W.D. Ky. 1985).


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The clinical cases below illustrate specific teaching points in the preoperative care of patients with kidney disease:
Case 1: Does this patient need a stress test?
Case 2: Does this patient need a beta-blocker?
Case 3: When to correct hyperkalemia before surgery?
Case 4: When to do hemodialysis before surgery in patients with ESRD?
Case 5: Does this patient need an antibiotic before surgery?
Case 6: Does this patient need a blood transfusion?
Case 7: Which blood pressure medications to take on the morning of surgery?
Case 8: What is the risk for developing ARF after surgery?
Background information on preoperative care of patients with kidney disease
Why to do a preoperative evaluation?
More than 33 million surgeries are performed annually in the U.S., with 1 million patients sustaining medical complications after surgery, such as MI, CHF, stroke, pneumonia, respiratory failure, DVT, PE, delirium, or renal failure. Preoperative evaluation can save lives by preventing such complications.
What is the goal of the preoperative evaluation?
The goal of preoperative evaluation is to:
- determine the risk factors for increased cardiovascular mortality in the perioperative period
- modify the risk
- decrease morbidity and mortality
AHA/ACC Algorithm
Preoperative evaluation follows the standard AHA/ACC algorithm, published on the website of the American College of Cardiology. There are 2 mnemonics that can be used to recall the main points in the algorithm: PAST and HIP.
There are 4 variables in the preoperative evaluation, remembered by the mnemonic PAST:
Patient risk
Activity level - measured in METs
Surgery risk
Test (stress test) or Treat (beat-blocker)?
Patient risk
A patient with DM2, HTN, CAD s/p CABG with CHF is clearly at a higher risk than a patient who has only HTN.
Patient risk is assessed with the modified Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI, Circulation, 1999;100:1043-1049):
Ischemic heart disease
History of congestive heart failure
History of cerebrovascular disease
Insulin therapy for diabetes
Preoperative serum creatinine higher than 2.0 mg/dL
4CD is a mnemonic to remember the risk factors in RCRI:
Activity level
How well is the patient prepared for surgery? What is his activity level (measured in METs)?
The most useful question is "can you climb a flight of stairs without SOB or CP?" Going up the stairs, gives the patient a MET of 4, which is the dividing point in the algorithm to consider cardiac testing.
Just remember: "stairs = MET 4".
Surgical risk
Distinguish between a high risk procedure, like AAA repair and a low risk procedure, like breast biopsy. Surgical procedures are classified in 3 groups according to the combined risk of cardiac death and nonfatal MI:
High surgical risk, cardiac risk more than 5%
Aortic and other vascular surgery
Prolonged procedures with large fluid shift/blood loss
Intermediate, cardiac risk less than 5% but more than 1%
Carotid endarterectomy
Head and neck
Intraperitoneal and intrathoracic
Low, cardiac risk less than 1%
Even with the PAST mnemonic, the algorithm can still look complicated. Is there anything simpler?
Take the "HIP" Shortcut
Many patients have 1 or 2 risk factors from the RCRI and you can use the following shortcut to determine who needs a non-invasive cardiac testing, which in most cases is a stress test.
The shortcut to noninvasive testing is remembered by the mnemonic HIP:
H igh risk surgery, e.g. vascular surgery
I ndex risk factors -- 4CD (CAD, CHF, CVA, CKD, DM)
P oor functional class (METs less than 4)
If a patient has 2 out of 3 of the above variables, a stress test can be considered.
Note: The "HIP" shortcut is valid for patients who are scheduled to have high risk or intermediate risk surgery. Patients scheduled for low risk surgery can usually proceed with the operation without the need to have a stress test first.
Three Stress Tests
There are 3 stress test modalities which can be remembered by the mnemonic is EDD:
Exercise stress testing - without imaging or pharmacologic induction (both are used in the other 2 stress tests below)
Dipyridamole-thallium imaging (DTI)
Dobutamine stress echo (DSE)
Exercise stress testing limitations:
- OA patient who is unable to exercise
- Resting EKG abnormalities
DTI prognostic accuracy is 81%.
DSE has the additional advantage of showing the systolic function, the accuracy is similar to DTI.
Cut-off Numbers in the Algorithm
Remember the cut-off numbers 2-4-5 in the algorithm:
- 2 years of the last catheterization or a stress test - safe to proceed with surgery, if no symptoms
- 4 METs
- 5 years of the last coronary revascularization - safe to proceed with surgery, if no symptoms
Patients with Kidney Disease
How is their perioperative risk different from the "regular" patients?
We feature 8 short cases, each illustrating a specific teaching point. See the list at the top of the page.
CKD with Cr higher than 2 mg/dL is a part of the Revised Cardiac Risk Index that helps determine which patient may benefit from a beta-blocker.
No recommendation exists for a safe potassium level before surgery. Potassium less than 5.5 mEq/L is generally advisable.
Hemodialysis should be done the day before the surgery.
Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for several months after the placement of a synthetic graft.
Hemoglobin needs to be monitored and increased to a reasonable level (Hgb 10 mg/dL) preferably through the use of Epo. Blood transfusions may be needed.
ACEi, ARB and diuretics may lead to intraoperative hypotension, which subsequently may worsen renal function. Patients should not take these medications on the morning of the surgery.
Use a clinical score to predict ARF after cardiac surgery.
ACC/AHA Guideline Update for Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery, 2007. Compare to 2002 version.
Perioperative Evaluation. Christopher M. Whinney. Cleveland Clinic Disease Management Project, 2009.
Preoperative Care of Patients with Kidney Disease. Mahesh Krishnan, M.D., M.P.H. Am Fam Physician 2002;66:1471-6.
Perioperative Management of the Patient With Chronic Renal Failure. Kenneth E Otah, MD, MSc, Moro O Salifu, MD, MPH, Eseroghene Otah, MD. eMedicine.com, last accessed 3/7/06
Minimizing perioperative complications in patients with renal insufficiency (PDF). Martin J. Schreiber, Jr., MD, The Cleveland Clinic. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, Proceedings of the Perioperative Medicine Summit, Suppl. 1 to Vol. 73, March 2006.
Perioperative medication management. Visala Muluk, MD, David S Macpherson, MD, MPH. UpToDate, 2006 (subscription required).
ABC of intensive care. Renal support. Clinical review. Alasdair Short, Allan Cumming. BMJ 1999;319:41-44 ( 3 July).
Preoperative Renal Risk Stratification. Glenn M. Chertow, MD, MPH; J. Michael Lazarus, MD; Cindy L. Christiansen, PhD; E. Francis Cook, ScD; Karl E. Hammermeister, MD; Frederick Grover, MD; Jennifer Daley, MD. Circulation. 1997;95:878-884.
A clinical score to predict acute renal failure after cardiac surgery. Thakar CV, Arrigain S,Worley S, Yared JP, Paganini EP. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 16(1):162-8, 2005.
The Perioperative Management of Patients with CRF and ESRD. A Common Sense Approach. WalterReed.army.mil.
Medical management of the dialysis patient undergoing surgery. Ramesh Soundararajan, MD, FACP, Thomas A Golper, MD. UpToDate 14.1, 2006 (subscription required).
Anesthetic considerations for the patient with renal failure. Robert N. Sladen MB, ChB, MRCP, FRCP. Anesthesiology Clinics of North America, Volume 18, Number 4, December 2000. Link via MDConsult.com (subscription required).
Perioperative management of patients with chronic renal failure and postoperative acute renal failure. Kasiske BL. Urol Clin North Am - 01-FEB-1983; 10(1): 35-50. Link via MDConsult.com (subscription required).
Preoperative evaluation - 2010 National Guideline Clearinghouse.
New Risk Calculator for Prediction of Cardiac Risk After Surgery http://goo.gl/ayTv5 - Surpasses Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI)?
Published: 5/30/2006
Updated: 04/02/2008
Published: 5/30/2006
Updated: 04/02/2008


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By Devin Corbitt, The Belton Journal
Harper-Talasek Funeral Home decided to treat local residents for Senior Citizens' Day on Friday. In honor of the special occasion, four members of the Belton team visited the Belton Senior Activity Center during lunch to provide treats for the seniors' desserts.
"We're just trying to be a more active business in the community," John Burgess, Funeral Director In Charge, said. "I think it's the right thing to do, especially with folks like this. They're the foundation of our community."
Burgess and three of his coworkers supplied the event with ice cream and several flavors of pie to show their appreciation for the community built by Belton's senior citizens. The group also gave away three $10 Starbucks gift cards during the celebration.
"I was raised to just be a part of the community, especially with something like our industry. People need to know that we're not doing anything other than loving and supporting our community," Burgess said. "If it's not senior citizens' day, it's volunteering with Feed My Sheep, being active in the Rotary Foundation. It's a belief system and it's a way of letting our community know who we are, what we're about and the wonderful people we have with us.
Harper-Talasek, formerly Heartfield Funeral Home, also has several events planned for the coming months, including teaming up with the Harris Community Center to host a National Night Out block party on Oct. 6.
"Yes, these activities reflect on our business, but it's just service. As someone who is all about involvement, this is what we should be doing, especially with the name change," Burgess said. "We want people to know that we are not a major corporation; we are a corporation, but not huge. We're just folks who serve our community. "
For more information on Harper-Talasek Funeral Home or their upcoming activities, visit www.harpertalasek.com or call (254) 939-2411.


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Britney Spears plays a "super sexy" 50s
housewife in her new music video.
Singer Britney Spears walks on stage to
perform with Madonna (not pictured) during the Los Angeles date of
her "Sticky and Sweet" tour at Dodgers stadium in Los Angeles
November 6, 2008.
The 'Circus' singer dons a short blonde
wig, a fitted pink top and a white skirt for the promo for her
upcoming single 'If You Seek Amy'.
The pop star – who will kick off her
'Circus' tour in New Orleans next month – has spoken about the
promo, which was shot earlier this week.
She wrote on her Twitter account: "The
'If You Seek Amy' shoot was super sexy and really fun! I can't
wait for you all to see it. Love Britney."
It has also been revealed Britney has
several costume changes and is surrounded by dancers "dressed in
skimpy outfits" in the video.
A source said: "The video begins with
Britney coming outside her house to hand the paparazzi an apple pie
that she baked. She acts like she wants to hook up. The video is
very provocative."
Britney's body is back to its former
glory and insiders say she was "very professional" and "upbeat" on
the set.
Another source said: "She was like the old
Britney at the shoot. She was engaged and excited the whole day and
seemed like her old self."
'If You Seek Amy' is the third single
from Britney's latest album 'Circus'.
Meanwhile, Britney's ex-boyfriend Adnan
Ghalib allegedly tried to run over a man who was trying to serve
him with court papers.
Police say the victim "ended up on the
hood of the car, then fell off when Ghalib drove away, and ended up
with scratches and bruises".


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|About this Recording
8.553017 - TCHAIKOVSKY: Fantasias after Shakespeare
Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky (1840 - 1893)
Romeo and Juliet, Fantasy Overture
Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky was born in 1840, the second son by his second wife of a mining engineer, manager of a metal works. At home he showed musical precocity and in 1848 he had his first experience of school in St. Petersburg. Two years later he entered the School of Jurisprudence, where he remained for nine years, later entering the government service. In 1863 he resigned from his position in the Ministry of Justice and became a student at the newly established Conservatory in St. Petersburg, following this with appointment to the staff of the new Conservatory in Moscow. He remained on the staff of the Moscow Conservatory until 1878, when a pension from a rich widow, with whom he corresponded for years but whom he never met, gave him independence to continue a career as a composer. He died when he seemed at the height of his powers, in 1893.
This bald account of the course of Tchaikovsky's life ignores aspects that caused him a great deal of misery. The departure of his beloved governess in 1848 and the death of his mother in 1854 moved him deeply, affecting a nature that had already proved morbidly sensitive and diffident. Tchaikovsky was well enough liked by his contemporaries at the School of Jurisprudence and was never one to withdraw from social contact. Nevertheless, as a musician, he was easily depressed by harsh criticism and remained intensely critical of what he wrote.
In 1868 Tchaikovsky had written a symphonic poem Fatum and this had elicited from Balakirev, in St. Petersburg, harsh and detailed criticism. Balakirev was the leader of the group of nationalist composers, Rimsky-Korsakov, César Cui, Borodin and Mussorgsky. He had taken over the direction of the Russian Music Society concerts in St. Petersburg after the resignation of their founder, Anton Rubinstein in 1867. In 1869 he was dismissed by the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna, and Tchaikovsky gallantly published an article deploring this. Tchaikovsky's defence of Balakirev and his ready acceptance of the criticism of Fatum led to the renewal of Balakirev's influence over him, and it was from him that the idea of writing an orchestral work on the subject of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet came. Balakirev was always ready to offer criticism of the music of his contemporaries, but was equally generous with ideas.
The story of Romeo and Juliet is too well known to need repetition. Tchaikovsky makes no attempt to follow the events as they occur in Shakespeare's play. There is the solemnity of Friar Laurence, whose well-intentioned intervention is the indirect cause of the tragedy, a theme re-creating the traditional enmity of the houses of Montague and Capulet and a sensuous melody expressing the love of Romeo and Juliet. The overture is in traditional sonata-form, the exposition, with its principal thematic material, followed by a central development and a final recapitulation, in which love ends in death. The original Overture was revised in 1870, on the suggestion of Balakirev, and underwent further revision in 1880, when it became an Overture-Fantasy.
The suggestion for a musical treatment of Shakespeare's play The Tempest came from Vladimir Stasov, mentor of the Mighty Handful of nationalist composers to which Tchaikovsky never committed himself. He wrote the work rapidly, over a period of some eleven days in the autumn of 1873. The first performance, under Nikolai Rubinstein, took place on 19th December, 1873, at a Russian Music Society concert. The programme of The Tempest (Burya), Opus 18, described as a fantasia for orchestra, is derived from Stasov and was printed with the published score: The sea. Ariel, spirit of the air, obeying the will of the magician Prospero, raises a storm. Wreck of the ship bringing Ferdinand. The enchanted isle. First timid feelings of love of Miranda and Ferdinand. Ariel, Caliban. The lovers succumb to their passion. Prospero deprives himself of his magic power and leaves the island. The sea.
The Fantasy Overture Hamlet is the third of Tchaikovsky's works based on Shakespeare. It was written in 1888 and dedicated to Grieg, although it might have been suggested by the French actor Lucien Guitry, who asked for incidental music for the play for his final benefit performance in St. Petersburg in 1891. The incidental music eventually included material from the Fantasy Overture, which had its first performance in St. Petersburg in November 1888. The work was received coolly, while Balakirev, in private correspondence with the composer, objected to the intrusion of Shepherds from Vladimir at one point and what he considered the triviality of the love-theme - Hamlet pays Ophelia compliments and hands her an ice-cream. The overture is scored for a full orchestra with piccolo, pairs of flutes and oboes, cor anglais, pairs of clarinets and bassoons, four horns, cornets, trumpets, trombones and tuba, timpani, a percussion section that includes snare-drum, tamtam, bass drum and cymbals and the usual strings. Its opening is marked Lento lugubre, leading to a dramatic Allegro vivace. As in the earlier works based on Shakespeare, there is no attempt at a detailed narrative programme, a fact regretted by one critic at least at the first performance.
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Adrian Leaper
The Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra of Katowice
Antoni Wit
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Blog Archives
Your Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man: The Best and Worst – The Antiscribe Overview
By Jonathan J. Morris, Antiscribe.com
With the coming July 4 holiday bringing the anticipated (though not by everybody) reboot of the Spider-Man franchise, The Amazing Spider-Man, it seemed like an appropriate moment to once again trace the filmic and televisual history of another major figure in popular culture. Who? Why, your friendly neighborhood Spider-Man, of course!
The core backstory of Spider-Man is well and widely known – Peter Parker, a socially awkward but brilliant young man from Forest Hills, Queens is bitten by a radioactive spider (or a genetically enhanced one, depending on the era) while on a school field trip and soon finds himself blessed (and cursed) with spider-like powers. After a failure to use his "gifts" properly results in personal tragedy, he realizes the deeper meaning of the mantra "with great power, comes great responsibility." Becoming the superhero Spider-Man, he protects the neighborhoods of his native New York City from both everyday criminals and monstrous super-villains; indeed, Spidey's rogues' gallery is second only to Batman's in depth and popularity, boasting the Green Goblin, Venom, the Lizard, the Scorpion, the Kingpin, Carnage, the Sandman, Mysterio, Electro, and (my personal favorite) Doctor Octopus. Read the rest of this entry
New York City's Cinema Sex: An Exploration of SHAME and the SHORTBUS
By Andrew Golledge, Antiscribe.com
In Steve McQueen's Shame we see a moment play out that we've seen in many films before it: the protagonist hitting rock bottom. For Shame, the protagonist is a wealthy, gorgeous white man whose rock bottom is having beautifully lit sex with two gorgeous women at the same time. It's a testament to McQueen's direction, Harry Escott's score and Michael Fassbender's performance that the scene isn't laughable, but instead a moment of pained surrender that seems to punctuate a lifetime's worth of addiction.
It is a sex addiction, one with which Brandon has seemingly lived without incident for years as he pursued some anonymous corporate career in midtown Manhattan. There is certainly little for it to distract from outside his work; when he's not paying for high-end sex or picking up girls from bars and clubs, he's enjoying mid-day masturbatory bathroom trips and late nights with left over Chinese take-out, beer and porn. Yet as appealing as all that sounds, it's upon the unexpected moving-in of his significantly more extroverted sister, Sissy, that we begin to see how deeply rooted his need for sexual release is. Not only does her presence prevent him from engaging in his usual escapades at home, but he's also confronted with what is most likely the cause of his addiction: their sexual relationship. Read the rest of this entry


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I image all pcs that go out to our users with imagex. I put the .wim file on external usb drive, boot to Win Pre-installation disk (that I made with my easy-to-use batch files) and copy the .wim file from usb drive to target machine - then apply. I've been doing this for years on countless machines hp / dell / laptop / desktop / tablet / etc... These optiplex 7040s that we just bought won't allow me to copy anything from usb to pc while booted to Preinstallation CD. PC doesn't recognize anything that's plugged into usb ports (storage wise, that is. keyboard, mouse work fine) I can boot to usb - but then still can't see files that are on usb device i just booted! USB ports work fine once os comes up. They work fine for keyboard / mouse even when not in windows. They work fine to boot from usb device. In BIOS fastboot is off, all usb ports are enabled. And I've pulled 3 separate brand new pcs out of the box and they all act the same. Please help?
I am by no means an expert, but this response will bump your question if my answers do not answer anything.
After reviewing the manual for your systems, I would make sure secure boot is off, make sure you are booting the USB via legacy options and not UEFI, and make sure the HDD/SSD is set to ACHI and not RAID, unless you need raid.
One thing that comes to mind is if your mini-windows program is loading the drivers correctly during boot for the Intel 6 Series processor and controllers? I haven't done minwin or the like in a very long time so I am not sure how to update or reload minwin (or the like) for newer drivers, but I'm sure windows 7 by default doesn't have any driver support for 6th gen USB/Processor/etc., thus defaulting and that may cause an issue using USB as an actual drive after OS is loaded? Take that one with a grain of salt btw since its just me thinking lol.
Everything else should be fine in the BIOS/UEFI as long as legacy is used and secure boot is off.
I am having the same issue with OptiPlex 7040's we have. I boot a window flash drive that has the usb 3.0 drivers and the mouse and keyboard does not work. The same usb drive works fine on an OptiPlex 7440 AIO and I have used it to image 40 of those computers. Is there a fix for this? Does dell have a windows 7 bootable usb that works?
Hello! Not that I'm aware of, I think Dell started using the USB restore drives only a year or so ago so that would be for windows 8.1 and 10. Even then i'm not sure if it would work until after driver installation in windows 7. Is there a reason you dont want to use USB 2 ports for your keyboard and mouse? You should have at least 2 on the back.
No, there are no USB 2 ports. Seems to be related to new Skylake "features" - there is no way to "disable" USB 3 functionality, which is available e.g. on Latitude E7450. There are some no-easy-to-run guides for deployments, which I have to go though, as nothing else works. All USB devices dont work after injecting official USB 3 drivers into boot.wim:2 (I tried multiple versions, even those from Intel). I tried official recovery image from the support page, which does not work either.
Found the problem after 8 hours. BIOS version 1.0.1 was the issue. I had to download Windows 10 recovery image from Dell website (Windows 7 recovery image didn't work either), install Windows 10 (I thought about Hiren's boot CD as well - pretty much anything running 32 bit exe apps) and updated the BIOS. Since then, Windows 7 installation with injected USB3 drivers finally works (it at least offers the partion for installation, but I am keeping Windows 10).
I m making a Win 7 image for my company for 7040 and once in audit mode my usb 2 doesn't work or 3.. I know 3 I need drivers. But how can I get online no nic drivers.
There is support for this but its not free.
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the only way out is to burn the app or data to a cd. That was how i installed or uploaded my stuffz