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Summary and Full Analysis of Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare
Andrew has a keen interest in all aspects of poetry and writes extensively on the subject. His poems are published online and in print.
William Shakespeare And A Summary of Sonnet 18
Sonnet 18 is perhaps the best known of all sonnets. Shakespeare wrote 154 of them but this one tends to top most popular lists, mainly due to the opening line which every romantic knows off by heart.
But there is much more to this line than meets the eye, as you'll find out later in the analysis. And please be aware that not every line of every Shakespeare sonnet is written in pure iambic pentameter - a mistake made by many a supposed authority.
There may be metrical variations but the form is classic Shakespearean sonnet: three quatrains (3 x 4 lines) rounded off with a rhyming couplet (final 2 lines), making 14 lines in total.
William Shakespeare's sonnets are world renowned and are said to have been written for a 'fair youth' (1 - 126) and a 'dark lady' (127 - 154), but no one is 100% certain.
There are no definite names and no written evidence. Shakespeare may have been well known in his lifetime but he was also very good at keeping secrets.
The sonnets were first published in 1609, seven years before his death, and their remarkable quality has kept them in the public eye ever since. Their depth and range set Shakespeare apart from all other sonneteers.
- His sonnet 18 focuses on the loveliness of a friend or lover, the speaker initially asking a rhetorical question comparing them to a summer's day.
- He then goes on to introduce the pros and cons of the weather, from an idyllic English summer's day to a less welcome dimmed sun and rough winds.
In the end, it is the poetry that will keep the lover alive for ever, defying even death.
Sonnet 18
Analysis Of Sonnet 18 Line by Line
Sonnet 18 is devoted to praising a friend or lover, traditionally known as the 'fair youth', the sonnet itself a guarantee that this person's beauty will be sustained. Even death will be silenced because the lines of verse will be read by future generations, when speaker and poet and lover are no more, keeping the fair image alive through the power of verse.
- The opening line is almost a tease, reflecting the speaker's uncertainty as he attempts to compare his lover with a summer's day. The rhetorical question is posed for both speaker and reader and even the metrical stance of this first line is open to conjecture. Is it pure iambic pentameter? This comparison will not be straightforward.
This image of the perfect English summer's day is then surpassed as the second line reveals that the lover is more lovely and more temperate. Lovely is still quite commonly used in England and carries the same meaning (attractive, nice, beautiful) whilst temperate in Shakespeare's time meant gentle-natured, restrained, moderate and composed.
- The second line refers directly to the lover with the use of the second person pronoun Thou, now archaic. As the sonnet progresses however, lines 3 - 8 concentrate on the ups and downs of the weather, and are distanced, taken along on a steady iambic rhythm (except for line 5, see later).
Summer time in England is a hit and miss affair weather-wise. Winds blow, rain clouds gather and before you know where you are, summer has come and gone in a week.The season seems all too short - that's true for today as it was in Shakespeare's time - and people tend to moan when it's too hot, and grumble when it's overcast.
- The speaker is suggesting that for most people, summer will pass all too quickly and they will grow old, as is natural, their beauty fading with the passing of the season.
- Lines 9 - 12 turn the argument for aging on its head. The speaker states with a renewed assurance that 'thy eternal summer shall not fade' and that his lover shall stay fair and even cheat death and Time by becoming eternal.
- Lines 13 - 14 reinforce the idea that the speaker's (the poet's) poem will guarantee the lover remain young, the written word becoming breath, vital energy, ensuring life continues.
Literary Devices in Sonnet 18
With repetition, assonance, alliteration and internal and end rhyme, the reader is certainly treated to a range of device that creates texture, music and interest.
Note the language of these lines: rough, shake, too short, Sometimes, too hot, often, dimmed, declines, chance, changing, untrimmed.
- Assonance and repetition. There are interesting combinations within each line, which add to the texture and soundscape: Rough/buds, shake/May, hot/heaven, eye/shines, often/gold/complexion, fair from fair, sometimes/declines, chance/nature/changing, nature/course.
Life is not an easy passage through Time for most, if not all people. Random events can radically alter who we are, and we are all subject to Time's effects.
In the meantime the vagaries of the English summer weather are called up again and again as the speaker attempts to put everything into perspective. Finally, the lover's beauty, metaphorically an eternal summer, will be preserved forever in the poet's immortal lines.
And those final two lines, 13 and 14, are harmony itself. Following twelve lines without any punctuated caesura (a pause or break in the delivery of the line), line 13 has a 6/4 caesura and the last line a 4/6. The humble comma sorts out the syntax, leaving everything in balance, giving life.
Perhaps only someone of genius could claim to have such literary powers, strong enough to preserve the beauty of a lover, beyond even death.
Rhyme Scheme and Iambic Pentameter in Sonnet 18
Sonnet 18 is an English or Shakespearean sonnet, 14 lines in length, made up of 3 quatrains and a couplet. It has a regular rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg. All the end rhymes are full, the exceptions being temperate/date.
Metrical Analysis
Sonnet 18 is written in traditional iambic pentameter but it has to be remembered that this is the overall dominant metre (meter in USA). Certain lines contain trochees, spondees and possibly anapaests.
- Whilst some lines are pure iambic, following the pattern of daDUM daDUM daDUM daDUM daDUM, no stress syllable followed by a stressed syllable, others are not.
Why is this an important issue? Well, the metre helps dictate the rhythm of a line and also how it should be read. Take that first line for example:
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
There's no doubting that this is a question so therefore the stress would normally fall on the first word, Shall. Say it quietly to yourself and you'll find the natural thing to do is place a little more emphasis on that opening word, because it is a question being asked. If the emphasis was on the second word, I, the sense would be lost. So it is no longer an iamb in the first foot, but a trochee, an inverted iamb.
Shall I / compare / thee to / a sum / mer's day? (trochee, iamb x4)
- But, there is an alternative analysis of this first line, which focuses on the mild caesura (pause, after thee) and scans an amphibrach and an anapaest in a tetrameter line:
Shall I / compare thee / to a sum / mer's day?
Here we have an interesting mix, the stress still on the opening word in the first foot, with the second foot of non stressed, stressed, non stressed, which makes an amphibrach. The third foot is the anapaest, the fourth the lonely iamb. There are four feet so the line is in tetrameter.
Both scans are valid because of the flexible way in which English can be read and certain words only partially stressed. For me, when I read this opening line, the second version seems more natural because of that faint pause after the word thee. I cannot read the opening line whilst sticking to the daDUM daDUM iambic pentameter beat. It just doesn't ring true. You try it and find out for yourself.
Lines That Are Not Iambic Pentameter in Sonnet 18
Line 3
Again, the iambic pentameter rhythm is altered by the use of a spondee at the start, two stressed single syllable words:
Rough winds / do shake / the dar / ling buds / of May,
This places emphasis on the meaning and gives extra weight to the rough weather.
Line 5
Again an inversion occurs, the opening trochee replacing the iamb:
Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,
The stress is on the first syllable, after which the iambic pattern continues to the end. Note the metaphor (eye of heaven) for the sun, and the inversion of the line grammatically, where too hot ordinarily would be at the end of the line. This is called anastrophe, the change of order in a sentence.
Line 11
Note the spondee, this time in the middle of the line. And a trochee opens:
Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,
The emphasis is on death brag, the double stress reinforcing the initial trochee to make quite a powerful negation.
The Kingsway Shakespeare, 1937, George Harrap.
An Introduction to Shakespeare's Sonnets, www.bl.uk.
About The Sonnet, www.english.illinois.edu.
© 2017 Andrew Spacey


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AFC Bluebirds is a five-a-side team made up of players from across Westminster. The team are proudly sponsored by Conservative Home.
by Geoffrey Taunton-Collins (pictured right)
On Sunday, ConservativeHome-sponsored AFC Bluebirds earned an encouraging victory against their Sunday League opponents Podge FC to take us to third in the league. The 3-2 scoreline was an apt reflection of a turbulent game which turned during a clinical ten-minute Bluebirds' spell early in the second half during which we scored all three of our goals.
The game got off to a slow start with both defences having the upper hand. The ball spent much of its time evading midfielders or going off the pitch for throw-ins or goal kicks. As one Podge FC onlooker wearily observed:"'if this game was on TV it wouldn't have many first half highlights". This frustrating impasse came to end when (the rather aptly named) Podge FC broke the deadlock on the half an hour mark. I hesitate to admit that yours truly was distracted at this crucial moment by a passing (and very friendly) Alsatian and missed the goal. However, by the time I looked up the ball had nestled neatly in the bottom corner and from what I have since gathered I can confirm this was the result of a speculative long-range effort.
With half-time came a period of soul-searching (not least from your periodically distracted author) and some shrewd tactical changes saw a marked shift in the pattern of play. The Bluebirds' manager Kevin Evans pushed the excellent Ed Winfield from right back to center half and moved Chris Rees further up the field to center forward. Both decisions were to prove pivotal in the second half.
The game was won before an hour had passed from two set pieces and a goal line scramble. The first came in the 55th minute as Will McCann drew a free kick running down the wing with typically industrious dribbling. Geoffrey Taunton-Collins crossed the ensuing set piece into a promising area, so promising in fact that a Podge FC defender saw no option but to glance it into his own net! It was one nil and a very encouraging moment for the Bluebirds.
The second goal also came from a free kick won by McCann about 35 yards out, only this time it was on the right hand side of the field. Taunton-Collins put in another good ball which found its way to the far post, where Rees met it with a thumping header. Podge FC were deflated but things were not about to get any better for them.
Having received a through ball down the left McCann was once again the architect of the opening that was to lead to the Bluebirds' third goal. He went past a defender just inside the box and shot across the goal only for their 'keeper to tip it acrobatically on to the bar. Rees was, however, once again too sharp for the Podge FC defence, and following a fortunate bounce from the rebound managed to poke the ball in for his second of the afternoon.
For the remainder of the game the Bluebirds endured Podge FC pressure with robust and well organized defending. Their second (and ultimately, merely consolatory) goal came two minutes from time with an unfortunate handball by Tim Smith inside the area which was slotted down the middle by the Podge FC penalty taker. This penalty decision came 10 minutes after a most unorthodox piece of refereeing: the official gave a free kick outside the penalty area for a fair tackle that had happened inside the area. Notwithstanding complaints from both sides about the decision it ended up being inconsequential as the free kick was then wasted by the Bluebirds' opponents.
Overall, Podge FC enjoyed longer but less convincing spells of superiority during the game – ultimately the Bluebirds were the more effective team in front of goal and deserved to take the three points. We can now look forward with optimism to our next game, a crucial clash against Riverside United who are one point below us in the table.

subset: commoncrawl


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Thanks to the Face Transformer, I've been testing my previously-mentioned theory that producing a stylized-cartoon version of something can only make it better. As I suggested in that post: Much as a monkey makes anything funnier, fancy-pants animation can make the distasteful more palatable… even fun. Just look how the Clone Wars cartoons salvaged the Star Wars prequel storyline. They made pulling "cool" out of a crap-hat look easy.
To truly put my theory through its paces, I had to identify the special someone whose image would undergo the Face Transformer's "Manga Cartoon" alteration. Someone whose presence gives you a bad case of fight-or-flight. Someone with a black, crusty soul. Someone seemingly irredeemable. Someone who would eat your baby to win an election.
Obviously, it was a toss-up between Dick Cheney and Sanjaya (a.k.a., "Sangina") from American Idol.
Brace yourself for Cheney's "before" picture:
Makes you want to cry yourself to sleep tonight, doesn't it? Don't worry, he can't hurt you. Much.
Is Dick a little more lovable (or, at least, less loathe-able) as a cartoon? Survey says…
Hm. Mixed results. He's a bit less scary, anyway. Assuming you don't find a white-haired, bespectacled Gollum scary.
(Side note: I had a bit too much fun with the Face Transformer. Here's Dick as a "drunk".)
Well, now. Looks like drunk Cheney is fun Cheney. Too bad Bush is the one with the drug problem.
So how about Sangina?
Only Michael Jackson on his worst day can give me the creeps like this kid can.
Will his cartoon alter-ego help you put aside those feelings that he'll molest your soul's private parts if you look directly into his eyes?
Yikes. No luck here. I feel like we've played a record backwards, revealing the true, insidious message of the songs. Only, we've applied a visual filter to reveal a Devil child. Away, foul spirit!
Perhaps all is not lost for the cartoon theory. Let me try one more thing, with the "Apeman" filter…
Ah-ha! Just as I suspected! Even the nearly-infallible monkey-effect is negated by his evil Devil-powers. The cartoon theory remains intact.


text: Dr Priyad Ariyaratnam BM BSc (Hons) MRCS MD NIHR Clinical Lecturer and Speciality Registrar in Cardiothoracic Surgery Role at Hull York Medical School I am an NIHR Clinical Lecturer (Post-doctoral research in cardiothoracic surgery), and Speciality Registrar (National Training Number) in Cardiothoracic Surgery in the Yorkshire & Humber Deanery. Biography I am a Higher Speciality Registrar (NTN) in Cardiothoracic Surgery and am due to finish my clinical training in October 2021. I completed my research Doctorate at Hull York Medical School (University of York) in 2015 in Pulmonary Hypertension and am currently continuing this laboratory research alongside clinical research in cardiothoracic surgery. Prior to this, my basic surgical training was undertaken in Leeds and Hull. My undergraduate degrees in Medicine (with Distinction) and Biomedical Sciences (1st Class Honours) were at the University of Southampton where I also completed my postgraduate Foundation Training. I grew up in Cheshire where I attended St Ambrose College. Research Pulmonary Hypertension Clinical database analysis in cardiothoracic surgery Co-Investigator in the national Mini-Bypass Clinical Trial Teaching Hull York Medical School Examiner for Critical Appraisal Hull York Medical School Anatomy Demonstrator Publications (1) Ariyaratnam P, Mclean LA, Cale A, Chaudhry MA, Vijayan A, Richards N, Jarvis MA, Haqzad Y, Ngaage D, Cowen ME, Loubani M. Mini-extracorporeal circulation technology, conventional bypass and prime displacement in isolated coronary and aortic valve surgery: a propensity-matched in-hospital and survival analysis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2018 Jul 1;27(1):13-19.(2) Ariyaratnam P, Tcherveniakov P, Milton R, Chaudhuri N. Is preoperative hypercapnia a justified exclusion criterion for lung volume reduction surgery? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2017 Feb 1;24(2):273-279.(3) Ariyaratnam P, Bennett RT, Loubani M, Morice A. Isolated Human Perfused Lung Models to Study Ex Vivo Lung Optimization. Transplantation. 2016 Aug;100(8):e41-2.(4) Haqzad Y, Loubani M, Chaudhry M, Ariyaratnam P, Briffa N. Multicentre, propensity-matched study to evaluate long-term impact of implantation technique in isolated aortic valve replacement on mortality and incidence of redo surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2016 May;22(5):599-605.(5) Ariyaratnam P, Alibhai A, Saleh A, Rusling L, Cowen ME. The Left Thoracotomy Approach for Oncologic Esophageal Resection Is Still Relevant for the Modern Surgical Trainee. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015 Oct;100(4):1515-6.(6) Ariyaratnam P, Vijayan A, Cale AR, Cowen ME, Haqzad Y, Balasubramanian S, Loubani M. Long-term prognosis and a prediction model for acute bowel ischaemia following cardiac surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2015 Sep;21(3):336-41.(7) Ariyaratnam P, Loubani M, Griffin SC. Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement: Comparison of long-term outcomes. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2015 Sep;23 (7):814-21.(8) Ariyaratnam P, Biddulph J, Loubani M, Howarth M, Chaudhry M, Hong V, Ananthasayanam A. Validation of the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (ICNARC) scoring system in a UK adult cardiac surgery population. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2015 Jun;29(3):565-9.(9) Ariyaratnam P, Kotidis K, Loubani M. Tricuspid valve surgery is an independent risk factor in long-term survival in surgery for infective endocarditis. . Int J Cardiol. 2014 Oct 20;176(3):1132-3.(10) Ariyaratnam P. Iatrogenic lung injury on radiological evidence: is it always wise to blindly follow the image? Injury. 2014 Dec;45(12):2117-8.(11) Pattenden HA, Leung M, Beddow E, Dusmet M, Nicholson AG, Shackcloth M, Mohamed S, Darr A, Naidu B, Iyer S, Marchbank A, Greenwood A, West D, Granato F, Kirk A, Ariyaratnam P, Loubani M, Lim E; on behalf of the UK Thoracic Surgery Collaborative. Test performance of PET-CT for mediastinal lymph node staging of pulmonary carcinoid tumours. Thorax. 2015 Apr;70(4):379-81.(12) Ariyaratnam P, McLean LA, Cale AR, Loubani M. Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation for the post-cardiotomy patient. Heart Fail Rev. 2014 Nov;19(6):717-25.(13) Ariyaratnam P, Loubani M, Griffin SC, Cowen ME, Vijayan A, Jarvis MA, Cale RJ Complex aortic surgery in a regional UK centre. Should the UK now adopt a USA-style super centre model? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014 Oct;148(4):1428-1434.(14) Ariyaratnam P, Loubani M, Cale RJ, Chaudhry MA, Cowen ME, Jarvis MA, Griffin SC, Morice AH. The effect of deep hypothermia on the human pulmonary circulation. Journal of Thermal Biology Volume 40, February 2014, Pages 20–24(15) Ariyaratnam P, McLean LA, Kotidis K, Loubani M. Thromboelastography platelet mapping for surgical patients: lessons from cardiac surgery. J Orthop Traumatol. 2014 Mar;15(1):71-2.(16) Qadri SS, Jarvis M, Ariyaratnam P, Chaudhry MA, Cale AR, Griffin S, Cowen ME, Loubani M. Could Thoracoscore predict postoperative mortality in patients undergoing pneumonectomy? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2014 May;45(5):864-9.(17) Ariyaratnam P, Loubani M, Morice AH. Hydrogen sulphide vasodilates human pulmonary arteries: a possible role in pulmonary hypertension? Microvasc Res. 2013 Nov;90:135-7.(18) Ariyaratnam P, Loubani M, Morice AH. Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Humans. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:623684. Epub 2013 Aug 20. Review.(19) Ariyaratnam P. Twilight of the gods. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013 Sep;146(3):727-8. (20) Ariyaratnam P, Bennett RT, McLean LA, Jagannadham KK, Turner E, Griffin S, Chaudhry MA, Loubani M. Antegrade rapid prime displacement in elective coronary artery surgery is associated with lower perioperative blood transfusions and a shorter hospital stay. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2013 Sep;17(3):485-91(21) Ariyaratnam P, Loubani M, Bennett R, Griffin S, Chaudhry MA, Cowen ME, Guvendik L, Cale AR, Morice AH. Hyperoxic vasoconstriction of human pulmonary arteries: a novel insight into acute ventricular septal defects. ISRN Cardiol. 2013 Mar 31;2013:685735(22) Ariyaratnam P, Javangula K, Papaspyros S, McCrum-Gardner E, Nair RU. Long-term survival from 801 adjunctive coronary endarterectomies in diffuse coronary artery disease. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012 Dec;42(6):e140-5. (23) Ariyaratnam P, Cartwright N, Arnold A, Cowen M. Spontaneous pneumothorax after traumatic pneumonectomy: a role for talc pleurodesis in secondary prevention? Ann Thorac Surg. 2011 Jul;92(1):e7-9(24) Ariyaratnam P, J Cooke, D Dasgupta, K Wedgwood Benign Pathologies necessitating a Whipple's procedure: A cautionary tale Journal of Surgical Case Reports 2011 2;7(25) Ariyaratnam P, Bland M, Loubani M. Risk factors and mortality associated with deep sternal wound infections following coronary bypass surgery with or without concomitant procedures in a UK population: a basis for a new risk model? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2010 Nov;11(5):543-6. doi: 10.1510/icvts.2010.237883. Epub 2010 Aug 25.(26) Ariyaratnam P EWTD directive: A prospective Trainee's view Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Newsletter Postgraduate research supervision Co-Supervisor to Dr Nabil Hussein's Medical Doctorate at Hull York Medical School and University of Toronto looking at 3D Modelling in congenital Heart Disease (2018-2020). External roles SCTS Trainee Representative for Yorkshire SCTS Trainee Lead for Research EACTS Resident's Committee Honours and awards European Young Investigator (EACTS) 2012 European Young Investigator (EACTS) 2013 Residents Masters Jeopardy (EACTS) 2017 Duke Elder Prize in Ophthalmology (Undergraduate) Sutton Prize in Surgery (Undergraduate) Presentations Key Presentations(1) American Heart Association, New Orleans Abstract 17707: Urgent And Emergency Cardiac Surgery Can Safely be Performed by Residents-in-training Without Compromising Long-term Survival. Priyadharshanan Ariyaratnam, Mahmoud Loubani. Circulation Supplement Online (Circulation. 2016;134:A17707).(2) American Heart Association, New Orleans Abstract 14054: Pre-operative Severe Pulmonary Hypertension is an Independent Predictor of Adverse Short and Long-term Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery. Priyadharshanan Ariyaratnam, Mahmoud Loubani. Circulation Supplement Online (Circulation. 2016;134:A14054).(3)American Heart Association, Orlando, Abstract 11585: Long-term Survival of Stroke and Acute Delirium Following Cardiac Surgery is Compromised: Validation of a Prediction Model for Neurological Outcomes. Priyadharshanan Ariyaratnam, Mahmoud Loubani, Ajith Vijayan. Circulation Supplement online (Circulation. 2015;132:A11585).(4) Long-term outcomes between mini-bypass, prime displacement and conventional bypass in a propensity matched analysis P. Ariyaratnam, L. Mclean, A. Cale, M. Chaudhry, Y. Haqzad, J. Lodhia, , M. Cowen, M. Loubani. 31st EACTS Annual Meeting Oct 2017, Vienna, Austria.(5) Impact of Trainee-led Thoracoscopic Lobectomies On Patient Outcomes. P. Ariyaratnam, R. Milton, N. Chaudhuri, E. Kefaloyannis, P. Tcherveniakov. Oral Presentation to be presented at 30th EACTS Annual Meeting - 1-5 Oct 2016, Barcelona, Spain


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Not A Fan: Follow Me
We continue into week two of our sermon series, "Not A Fan," as Pastor Don explores Jesus' command to "Follow Me!"
Not A Fan: Defining the Relationship
We open up a new Sermon Series this week called Not a Fan, based on the popular study by Pastor Kyle Idleman. Pastor Don begins today by asking us to define our relationship with God. Are we merely fans of God rooting on the sideline, or are we completely committed followers of Jesus?
We wrap up our series on the Apostles Creed this week, as Pastor Becky speaks to our Christian belief in the "resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting." What happens when we die?
Write something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview.
July 2020


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By David Tuma, Publisher
It wasn't pretty, but the Tigers will take the win. Belton edged Copperas Cove 2-0 in a cold, windy game at Wilson-Kerzee Field Tuesday.
Cove with a strong wind in the first half and got off some shots on goal. Tiger goalie Chris Noble made four or five brilliant saves to keep the Tigers in the chase for the district championship.
Roberto Barrios hit a crossing shot to start the game. Tyler Fisher had several steals early from the midfield. Cove drove repeatedly down the right side. Ethan Trevino got the first of multiple stops in the game about five minutes in.
Belton had their first good chance of the game, but Barrios was tackled hard with the ball not touched. Belton was called for a foul at the top of the box drawing a reaction from the crowd right after Barrios was mugged. Noble made a great save after the ball got past the line of players trying to block the free kick. Trevino made a stop.
Lorenzo Gherardi and Varney Carter where driving to score but were called offsides. The Tigers set a world record on offside's in one game.
Fisher hit a crossing pass, Austin Hagen had a stop on defense and Trevino had another stop.
Carter passed off to Romeo Camur, who struck the game-winning shot to make it 1-0.
The Tigers were much improved in not holding the ball too long. Their passes and coordination were what they should be at this point in the season. Cove, with a new coach, is much improved. Front to back, this Cove team is not what the Tigers have seen over the past 20-years.
Noble blocked a shot, got up and blocked the rebounded shot. One of the best saves in a long time. Noble played one of the best games in the goal Belton has seen in awhile.
Camur drew a free kick top of the box and Barrios scored on the free kick. The ball was past the line and a player went in and kicked into the back of the net. The sideline judge, who was watching the player and not the ball, called offsides when the ball was past the line. It was just over the line slow rolling.
Kade LeBlanc had a shot blocked, setting up a corner kick. LeBlanc passed to Carter, whose shot was blocked to start the second half. Mario Mojica hit a crossing pass in front of the goal, setting up a corner kick.
Mojica got past the defense but was called offsides. He beat the player drove past him and was called offsides with the ball. Fisher and sets up LeBlanc who scored to put the game out of reach at 2-0. Hagen drove and almost scored. A diving goalie made a brilliant stop of Hagen's shot. Barrios hit a cross that was headed by Ethan Evelyn that went wide. Camur's shot was just over the bar. Le Blanc's shot was blocked.
Cove's back line was playing way up and tended to move up. Many of the offside calls were legit. Some of the Tigers were offsides weren't called. Multiple missed calls when they weren't.
On Friday, the Tigers rolled to an 8-3 win over Shoemaker. Hagen scored twice and Gherardi three times.


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From the ancient world to the present, people have turned to powerful words, symbols and images as magical shields against bad luck, evil spirits, debilitating illness and sudden death. In medieval and early modern Europe, textual amulets on parchment and paper were often inserted in sacks or suspension capsules that could be worn around the neck and over the heart, or alternatively bound to an afflicted body part for focused healing. Others were posted on interior and exterior walls to ward off evil, just as apotropaic inscriptions were displayed on doors and lintels of buildings for blessing and protection.
The Black Death gave impetus to hand-production of plague amulets offering divine protection and supernatural healing. In the 15th century, the technological innovations of block printing and typographical printing helped meet growing demand. Inexpensive and expendable, printed amulets were batch-produced on paper for sale and distribution by clergy or itinerant peddlers.
'Pestblätter', or plague sheets, spread across German-speaking lands over the next centuries, integrating popular religious imagery with Latin or vernacular text. The emphasis was usually on two plague saints: Sebastian (d. 290 AD), who according to legend interposed his body to defend ancient Rome from a hail of plague arrows; and Roch (1295–1327), portrayed as a pilgrim who had triumphed over disease, and often shown lifting his tunic to reveal a plague sore on one of his thighs.
Amulet producers drew upon standard texts and images, but over time incorporated new elements, as we can see in the Wellcome Library's holdings of plague amulets from the 16th century and later. These combine traditional Christian iconography of sacred figures, such as Christ and the Virgin Mary, with saints associated with plague protection, variable sequences of crosses and majuscule letters (called 'characteres' in Latin or 'Buchstabenreihe' in German), and other textual and visual elements. Our focus here is the 17th-century woodcut amulet shown above.
The amulet does not seem to have been folded up for insertion into a pouch worn on the body. More likely, it would have been posted on a door or wall to protect home and family. One's eyes are drawn to a standing Patriarchal cross with two crossbars, inscribed with Christian symbols and 'characteres'. Flanking the cross at Golgotha are the plague saints Sebastian (left) and Roch (right).
At the foot of the Patriarchal cross is a holy man in a semi-recumbent pose, similar to that in another plague amulet (shown below) in the Wellcome Library. He has been identified as Saint John of Nepomuk (1345–93), Vicar General of Prague, who was martyred when Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia had him tortured and thrown from the Charles Bridge to a watery death for refusing to divulge the queen's confessional secrets. In his right hand, the holy man holds a crucifix, one of this saint's usual attributes. But he lacks other attributes. His halo is similar to those of the two plague saints, rather than a halo of five stars, and he is not wearing a biretta (a square cap) or carrying a palm frond. In front of him is an open book (lying face down), perhaps depicting his confessional manual, and to the right is Adam's skull. Despite the missing attributes, the holy man is indeed almost certainly Saint John of Nepomuk, who was initially venerated as a local patron saint for bridges, good confession, and protection against floods. But by the mid-17th century, the Church came to promote his intercession for miraculous protection and healing.
The Jesuit historian and hagiographer Bohuslav Balbín (1621–88) emphasised Saint John of Nepomuk's miracles in his life of the saint (1670). Balbín venerated him as a miracle worker against plague, war, famine and other assaults on body and soul. Many miracles involved his tomb in Prague's Saint Vitus Cathedral. The tomb was renovated in 1679 when plague ravaged Vienna, before spreading across central Europe to Prague and other places.
The Wellcome Library's woodcut amulet may date from this devastating time or not long thereafter. Saint John of Nepomuk's status as one of the main plague saints, along with Saint Sebastian and Saint Roch, continued to grow during the decades before his beatification (1721) and canonisation (1729). He was included in plague columns and other religious monuments in central Europe, and even came to be venerated in Spain and the New World.
Text and symbols in the plague amulet reinforced the promise of saintly intercession against the plague. At the top of the Patriarchal cross is the Triumphal Inscription (INRI), and at the bottom is the Sacred Heart pierced by the Three Nails of the Crucifixion, popular in the 17th century as a symbol of Christ's divine love for the Christian faithful. Between the Triumphal Inscription and Sacred Heart are 'characteres' interspersed with Latin crosses and configured in cruciform:
♰ Z ♰ D I A I : I S ♰ B I Z ♰ S A B ♰ Z M R A ♰ H G F ♰ B F R SMedieval liturgical formulas could be abbreviated by giving only the initial letter of each word. For example, P.S.I.S.S.S. could stand for 'Pater Sanctus, Iesus Sanctus, Spiritus Sanctus'. This simple scheme had been used in textual amulets since the 13th century, though 'characteres' could also include arcane symbols and magical script without verbal equivalents. Unfortunately, without a word-by-word explanation, it can be difficult to make sense of these inscriptions.
Yet at the time this plague amulet was in use, clerics would have recognised the 'characteres' as a shorthand for the Saint Zacharias Blessing, despite a typographical error in the top crossbar (♰ D I A I : should have read ♰ D I A ♰). Bernhard Sannig (1638–1704), a Franciscan theologian active in Prague, explained the text as a remedy against the plague in his 'Rituale ecclesiasticum' (1698), and Gelasius de Cilia (1654–1721), an Augustinian canon from Regensburg, gave an almost verbatim version in 'Locupletissimus Thesaurus' (1709). Both propagated the legend that Saint Zacharias (d. 116 AD), bishop of Jerusalem, had collected this set of prayers against the plague, which were later written down on parchment as 'characteres', preserved in a Spanish monastery (Fraytes or Frailes), and recommended in 1546 at the Council of Trent for their efficacy.
Gelasius de Cilia noted that the text was inscribed on religious medallions and metal crosses. Physical evidence for such objects survives in plague crosses produced c. 1650–1760 in bronze or other metals, inscribed with the Saint Zacharias Blessing. Some of these, such as the cross shown below, have the Saint Benedict Blessing in 'characteres' on the verso.
The Latin crosses in the Saint Zacharias Blessing did not serve as punctuation, nor as prompts to supplicants to cross themselves, as one encounters in many textual amulets. Instead, they stood for specific invocations of divine protection from the plague, each beginning with the word 'crux' (cross). The Christian numerology of seven crosses also enhanced efficacy. Each majuscule letter stood for a bit of amuletic text or scripture, mostly asking God to drive away the plague and protect the supplicant and other Christian faithful from it. For example, 'D' stood for 'Deus, Deus meus expelle pestem a me, et a loco isto, et libera me' (God, my God drive the plague from me, and from this place, and liberate me).
Most amulet users would not have hesitated to use plague amulets and crosses even if they did not know what each majuscule letter signified. If anything, the mystery of 'characteres' served to enhance amulets' perceived magical efficacy. Christians used plague amulets in the expectation of receiving divine protection from a dreaded disease, whose bacterial origins and medical treatment would not be known for centuries.
Further reading:
A. A. Barb, 'St Zacharias the prophet and martyr: a story in charms and incantations', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 11 (1948), 35–67.
Ellen Ettlinger, 'The Hildburgh collection of Austrian and Bavarian amulets in the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum', Folklore, 76 (1965), 104–17 (especially p. 108).
Paul Heitz and W. L. Schreiber, Pestblätter des XV Jahrhunderts (Strassburg: Heitz, 1918).
Don C. Skemer, Binding words: textual amulets in the Middle Ages (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2006), pp. 165–69, 222–33.
2 comments on Deciphering a central European plague amulet
A J Fletcher
fascinating article and extremely helpful. I am a NADFAS church recorder and have come across a plague cross. On one side the letters are Z D A B Z S and on the other A B Z H G F B F R S. Should anyone have any idea what the translation of these letters is I would be most grateful.
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© 2000 Rynn Berry


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Edinburgh tram passenger forecast cut in half
- Published
Edinburgh's tram system is expected to be used by about half the passengers originally forecast after its route was cut to save money, new figures suggest.
Edinburgh City Council predicted in 2010 that 10 million people would use the trams each year.
However, a new forecast, disclosed under a Freedom of Information request, has an updated figure of 5.4 million.
A £776m tram line between Edinburgh Airport and St Andrew Square is due to be completed by summer 2014.
The Edinburgh tram project is years behind schedule and massively over budget.
The original plan had been for the tram line to run from Edinburgh Airport to Newhaven.
Bus and tram
Gordon Mackenzie, Edinburgh City Council's transport convener, said: "Given that the first phase of the line has been reduced it will surely come as no surprise that projected passenger numbers are reduced as well.
"Self-evidently, the further the line goes the more passengers you're going to be able to pick up.
"What the report told us was that day-to-day operations of the tram become more profitable if you extend the line down Leith Walk.
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Tom Stoppard's 2006 play, Rock 'n' Roll, now on stage in DC (until the end of May), brings back Sappho's poetry as part of his evocation of the spirit of '68, thus Sappho as a sort of Muse of the Velvet Revolution...I'm all in favor. Here's part of the Washington Post's review:
...Stoppard's restlessly curious brain takes you down paths that will strike more than a few playgoers as exotic, even opaque. The Prague Spring and Velvet Revolution; the Czech leaders Alexander Dubcek and Gustav Husak; the poetry of Sappho and the music of an obscure underground band, the Plastic People of the Universe; all figure prominently in a story that has as a backdrop the gradual erosion and then rapid collapse of the Soviet empire.
See also DCist...which helpfully links to Lattimore's translation of the Sappho poem (31) in question.


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The Crescent Nebula (also known as NGC 6888, Caldwell 27, Sharpless 105) is an emission nebula in the constellation Cygnus, about 5000 light-years away. It was discovered by Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel in 1792.[2] It is formed by the fast stellar wind from the Wolf-Rayet star WR 136 (HD 192163) colliding with and energizing the slower moving wind ejected by the star when it became a red giant around 250,000[3] to 400,000[citation needed] years ago. The result of the collision is a shell and two shock waves, one moving outward and one moving inward. The inward moving shock wave heats the stellar wind to X-ray-emitting temperatures.
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October 2020
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Quite simply, LifeSource SuperSprouts is the most nutritious, best tasting superfood product available anywhere. It is packed solid with nutrient dense ingredients and life enhancing phytochemicals to move you to a higher state of health. It provides 36% greater life force energy than any comparable product.†
LifeSource SuperSprouts was created with one thought in mind—Gather the most pure, nutrient-dense foods on the planet that have phytochemicals proven to help the body resist age-related degenerative disease.
LifeSource SuperSprouts combines the most powerful superfoods with organic sprouts. Sprouts provide the life-force energy that gives birth to the entire plant kingdom. A seed provides the spark that bursts new life to a new plant. These micro-nutrients provide antioxidants and other chemo-protective constituents that help to maintain optimal cellular health.
Harmonic Innerprizes, Inc. has initiated a whole new generation of food science. It is vastly superior to any "green drink" on the market today. LifeSource SuperSprouts is 21st Century food—so nutrient dense that very little is required to achieve significant nutritional benefit.† It's perfect for assisting the body's natural detoxification process, weight management and wherever an extra energy lift is desired.†
Superfood describes a food that is naturally concentrated to provide all the nutritional elements necessary for optimal health. Many of these foods are found in the first link of the food chain—plankton which is made purely from sunlight and water, and grasses which are made from soil and sunlight. Since they are so nutrient dense, very little is required to achieve significant nutritional benefit.
These SuperFoods also contain phytochemicals that scientists believe protect the body and promotes cellular wellness. The planktons, spirulina and chlorella are rich in pigments that science has identified as having powerful antioxidant properties.† These pigments include chlorophyll, beta-carotene, phycocyanin, and allophycocyanin.
Chlorella has a fascinating ingredient called Chlorella Growth Factor (CGF) which consists primarily of nucleic acids. These nucleic acids appear to enhance the RNA/DNA functions responsible for the production of proteins, enzymes, and energy fuels at the cellular level.† RNA/DNA production diminishes with age. As a result, many anti-aging researchers recommend a diet rich in nucleic acid.
We have selected the world's purest and most potent superfoods and blended them together in optimal ratios determined through observation of each food's energy field. This process is known as Energy Field Formations.
Kirlian photography allows us for the first time to see the tremendous difference in superfoods. Kirlian photography can capture the subtle energy field that emanates from any substance. It is used to determine the amount and integrity of life force energy of any physical matter. The photos below were taken under identical conditions using identical amounts:
The kirlian picture on the left compares the life force energy of LifeSource SuperSprouts to another high quality, very popular, similar product on the right. You can see that the life force coming from LifeSource SuperSprouts is considerable more powerful than the other leading product. In fact, LifeSource SuperSprouts have more than 30% greater life force energy than any other product of its kind.
High energy foods increase our own subtle energy fields. Over 27 years of research by Dr. Valerie Hunt at UCLA, associates bio-electric energy fields with greater intelligence, mature emotional balance with less stress, increased learning ability, and overall heightened states of health. Research indicates that foods with an override frequency of 72MHz or greater increase the body's bio-electric energy. Foods below 72MHz deplete the body's energy.†
LifeSource uniquely combines scientific technology with food science to create a revolutionary new way to look at food.
Quality Ingredients - The world's finest ingredients are carefully selected and blended with one consideration - to achieve the highest nutritional benefits by maximizing natural life force energy. Our sprouts are freeze dried so that their temperature sensitive constituents are maintained to the highest possible degree. They also provide easily assimilated organic minerals.
Harmonically Balanced - Ordinary superfood formulas are based on chemical profiles of each individual ingredient. Our special formulation is the result of observing harmonic patterns and frequencies produced as we combine nature's most nutritionally complete foods. Each ingredient is monitored until it naturally reaches its highest level of synergy and balance within the formula. Each and every batch of LifeSource is manufactured to meet these high quality specifications.
Great Taste - No other product tastes as great as our naturally energized, highly nutritious superfood complex, LifeSource. It is a delicious, potent blast of nutrition and energy.
LifeSource is for Everyone - LifeSource is designed for all who desire a healthier life; career professionals, athletes, pregnant and nursing women, students, people recovering from illness or surgery. Great for pets too!
Beyond just food, LifeSource is "SuperFood", because it contains the most nutritionally complete foods Mother Nature has to offer - Algae, grasses, and sprouts, the first links in the food chain...these are the "source" of all life.
Planktons are the genesis of all life. Life as we know it is only possible through the miracle of photosynthesis, the reaction of sunlight with water. They are considered the first link in the food chain and they provide every nutrient the body needs to live. Nutritionists often claim these microalgae are the perfect food, made from pure water and sunlight.
They are abundant in metabolic pigments such as chlorophyll, phycocyanin, and carotenoids, including both alpha and beta carotene. Chlorophyll cleans the blood, helps the body to remove toxins, thereby improving immune function.
LifeSource SuperSprouts contain a combination of organic spirulina with the purest and most powerful chlorella in the world. The chlorella is grown under laboratory conditions in hermetically sealed tanks and is considered pharmaceutical grade.
This chlorella is pure and powerful, and is the focal of the LifeSource SuperSprouts formulation. It is the soft-cell species regularis, so the heavy metal chelating properties of which chlorella is most renowned for are at its highest potential. Contrary to what many believe, broken cell chlorella will not chelate heavy metals from the body.
Hydrilla verticillata is wildcrafted from a pollution-free lake in northern Florida. It is considered one of the world's most nutritious seaweeds, particularly rich in calcium, iron, and Vitamin B-12 - three nutrients commonly lacking in vegetarian diets. This nutrient dense plant is rich in the antioxidants chlorophyll, selenium, Vitamin E, and over 6 times the amount of Vitamin C that is contained in an orange.
We are particular about our kelp. We choose a relatively rare but much more nutritious species of kelp called phaeophyta. This species has vital trace elements with unusually low sodium content. Kelp is an important nutrient to include in your daily routine, and may offset factors of toxic exposure.†
Barley Grass is also considered a superfood by most nutritionists. It is high in B vitamins, chlorophyll and dietary fiber. It is most known for its ability to alkalinize the blood. Any food that has the ability to move an overly acidic environment to normal blood pH is powerful preventive medicine.† The more alkaline your blood, the more oxygen is carried in red blood cells. The more oxygen in red blood cells, the more energetic we feel.
We add just a touch of Stevia rebaudiana, a factor in the great taste of LifeSource SuperSprouts. Algae, seaweed, grasses and sprouts are not usually on everyone's favorite food list when it comes to taste. Just a little bit of the "sweet leaf" stevia offsets any unpleasant tastes that may be inherent in LifeSource's ingredients. Try it! and you'll see what we mean. Stevia has also been shown to support healthy blood sugar levels and promote healthy teeth.†
Amaranth was the staple food of the Aztec Indians and was called the "golden grain of the Gods." It is high in protein and dietary fiber, and therefore an important dietary ingredient for various health benefits. Amaranth is exceptionally high in phytosterols, which is a phytonutrient found to support cardiovascular health8 and may support respiratory, digestive, and women's health.† 10
Quinoa has the most balanced amino acid profile of all grains, and is 18% protein. Most grains lack lysine and therefore cannot biosynthesize into a complete protein. It is another excellent source of dietary fiber and is high in phosphorus, magnesium and iron. Quinoa's high magnesium content perfectly balances the high calcium in Chia Seeds.
Chia seeds are the richest non-marine source of Omega 3s and dietary fiber. As a result, they promote cardiovascular health.† Chia seeds have 6 times the amount of calcium than milk, so they also contribute to bones and joint function and health.† Chia seeds also contain powerful phenolic antioxidants.
Chlorogenic is an important biosynthetic intermediate. Chlorogenic acid is an important intermediate in lignin biosynthesis. This compound, long known as an antioxidant, also slows the release of glucose into the bloodstream after a meal.4 Caffeic acid is also important in lignin biosynthesis and outperforms other antioxidants in immunomodulatory and healthy inflammation support. 12
Golden Flaxseed is without question one of the most nutritious seed on the planet. It is loaded with Omega 3s and other essential fatty acids. But what is little known is that flaxseed has a high concentration of enzyme inhibitors that make regular flaxseed poorly absorbed into the body.
But sprouted flaxseed allows all the vital nutrients to be absorbed. In fact, the process of germination fundamentally changes the nutrient composition of the seed. Nutrients such as enzymes, amino acids, and vitamins are then more easily absorbed.†
Vegetarians and other non-fish eaters are typically deficient in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The amount of clinical studies on EPA is vast. EPA has been shown to provide remarkable cardiovascular support.6, 11
DHA is a major structural component of the mammalian brain and is the most abundant essential fatty acid in the brain 3. It is probably the sole reason that fish acquired its reputation for being brain food. It supports the normal development of the brain, eyes, and nerves. It has been shown to improve learning ability, and can reduce depression and anxiety.* 9
Broccoli Sprouts are probably the most researched natural ingredients for its chemopreventive properties. They contain a phytochemical called glucoraphanin, and an enzyme called myrosinase which are precursors to sulforaphane.12,1
The multidimensional ability of sulforaphane to both eliminate and detoxify carcinogens and to kill cells with potential mutations.†2,5
Patrick Bailey of Harmonic Innerprizes has been a leader in the development of SuperFoods for the health food industry for over 15 years. In fact, Pat's previous creation, Rainbow Light Nutritional Systems, originally coined the term SuperFoods back in 1983. He created LifeSource with these thoughts in mind:
Proprietary Blend Contains: Organic Sprouted Seed Complex (Amaranth, Quinoa, Black Chia, Golden Flax, Broccoli), Chlorella, Organic Spirulina, Organic Barley Juice (33:1 Concentrate), Wildcrafted Hydrilla, Phaeophyta Kelp.
Other ingredients: Silicon Mineral Complex, Stevia.
Click to see 4 oz or 7 oz label.
Hypoallergenic: This product does not contain milk, eggs, soy, fish, Crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, yeast, salt, preservatives, artificial color, flavor or fragrances.
PROP 65 WARNING: This product may contain one or more chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm.
Proprietary Blend Contains: Organic Sprouted Seed Complex (Amaranth, Quinoa, Black Chia, Golden Flax, Broccoli), Chlorella, Organic Spirulina, Organic Barley Juice (33:1 Concentrate), Wildcrafted Hydrilla, Phaeophyta Kelp.
Other ingredients: Silicon Mineral Complex, Stevia, Hydroxymethylcellulose (vegetarian complex), Methylcellulose, Water.
Click to 90 caps or 180 caps label.
Hypoallergenic: This product does not contain milk, eggs, soy, fish, Crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, yeast, salt, preservatives, artificial color, flavor or fragrances.
PROP 65 WARNING: This product may contain one or more chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm.
DISCLAIMER: In an attempt to describe the nutrient integrity and features of the ingredients used in LifeSource SuperSprouts, terms like "rich", "concentrated", and "abundant" are used. These terms accurately describe the nutrient density of each ingredient. However, FDA regulations state that these terms imply 20% of the DV is achieved and the product is therefore a meal replacement. LifeSource SuperSprouts is NOT intended to be a meal replacement. Even with the nutrient density of the ingredients provided, a considerable higher consumption beyond the recommended 2 grams per serving of the powder and the recommended 6 capsules (2.4 grams) to meet the FDA's 20% DV requirement.
Manufactured by Harmonic Innerprizes, Inc.
Capsules: Depending on your state of health or nutritional goals, take 1 or 2 capsules with each meal. Children's dosage is 1/2 of adult dosage.
Powder: Mix 1 level teaspoon into 4 - 6 ounces of your favorite juice or pure water before meals to reduce food consumption or as an in between meal energizer.
† These statements have not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or EnergeticNutrition.com. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. The information provided on this site is for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for advice from your physician or other health care professional or any information contained on or in any product label or packaging. You should not use the information on this site for diagnosis or treatment of any health problem or for prescription of any medication or other treatment. You should consult with a health care professional before starting any diet, exercise or supplementation program, before taking any medication, or if you have or suspect you might have a health problem, or are pregnant. When you receive an item, carefully read all labels, warnings, and directions before use. Actual product packaging and materials may contain more and/or different information than shown on this website.


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Siberian Coal Energy Company (SUEK) is Russia's largest coal company. In 2014 it supplied nearly 27.5% of all Russian coal (98.9 million tonnes) and about 27% (38.7 million tonnes) of exported Russian coal. This is equivalent to 5% of the coal exported globally.
Coal from SUEK provides 41% of Russia's power industry demand for coal fuel.
SUEK is the tenth largest coal mining company in the world in terms of production, and seventh in the world in terms of international sales of thermal coal.
In 2013, the Company spent $797 million on major development projects.
SUEK is the world's fifth biggest company in terms of identified and potential coal reserves - 5.6 billion tonnes.
SUEK operates facilities across nine different regions of Russia:
- 29 coal mining companies (17 open cut mines and 12 shaft mines);
- seven preparation plants and facilities;
- the bulk terminal in the port of Vanino;
- Murmansk Commercial Seaport;
- transportation companies;
- repair and maintenance facilities.


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Cypherbridge Systems LLC
Securely connecting the Internet of Things, Cypherbridge Systems supplies standalone, IoT and Cloud Connected Software Development Kits and Toolkits. Using the Synergy platform further establishes a leading value point in the embedded MCU market, and marks another proof point for the Synergy product line. The SDKPac is proven, integrated and deployed in a variety of customer projects and vertical markets, delivering security and connectivity from device to cloud.
Solutions And Products
Verified Software Add-On
The content included herein has been provided by other companies and Renesas does not claim any ownership therein. Renesas may or may not moderate or pre-screen the content included herein. Renesas requires partners to verify the functionality of their products on Synergy Platform and Renesas is not responsible in any way for the content included herein nor its quality. Renesas does not endorse any content included herein or any opinion, recommendation, or advice expressed therein, and Renesas expressly disclaims any and all liability in connection with such content, whether or not arising under the laws of copyright, libel, privacy, obscenity, or otherwise. Renesas does not provide support for any of this content; all support requirements should be directed to the owner or licensor of the content. Renesas retains the right, at its sole discretion and without prior notice, to pre-screen, refuse, or remove any content from the Synergy Platform.


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By using our experience as BREEAM assessors and our detailed knowledge of sustainable construction, we are able to assess the environmental impact of your proposed development in accordance with the BREEAM 2008 assessment methodology.
In our role as the BREEAM assessor on your project, we can fully assist you and your design team to ensure the highest environmental standards are met and BREEAM 2008 assessment rating achieved, and can also provide many other design and advisory services required under the BRE umbrella.
About BREEAM 2008 Assessments
BREEAM 2008 is an assessment method superseded by both BREEAM 2011 and 2014, however many projects have been pre-registered under this scheme or have a contractual requirement to be delivered using this methodology. Encon Associates are experienced in assessing in these circumstances, however in order for a BREEAM assessor to assess under the BREEAM 2008 methodology the scheme will need to be pre-registered or contractual evidence will need to be provided indicating BREEAM 2008.
The BREEAM 2008 assessment methodology is very similar to the previous 2006 version, however this iteration introduced a mandatory two stage assessment process meaning that a project cannot meet formal BREEAM accreditation without fulfilling the Post Construction Stage, in addition credit updates were included to make the assessment more robust.
IES TaP for BREEAM
When using Encon Associates as your BREEAM assessor, the IES TaP for BREEAM tracking system will be used throughout the project to provide project management, progress reporting and integrated submission to BRE for QA and BREEAM certification.
You can read more about IES TaP and the benefits it brings to your BREEAM project.
Additional BREEAM Credit Services
We offer a whole spectrum of BREEAM assessment, design, and advisory services to help your development projects achieve an outstanding level of sustainability and your target BREEAM rating. These include:


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Evan had his 3rd swim lesson on Saturday, and went underwater for the very first time! He did great, not a fuss! He also practiced his back floating, and his sitting up. See the video here.
More Swimming
One Response to "More Swimming"
Wow! Evan, you are a natural in water! When you get bigger, Mommy and Daddy will have trouble getting you out of the water. Have fun, little fish! Love, Grandma Barby


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expand the economy by 3% during the second quarter. Wages haven't risen very fast to cover recent increases in spending making it necessary that consumers dip into their savings. The heightened retail shopping can be seen as a sign of consumer confidence.
Consumer spending accounts for 70% of the U.S. economy. A few percentage points either way can make a big difference in economic output. Of course this money must come from somewhere so it is earned, borrowed, or taken out of their savings account.
Without rising wages there is a long-term dilemma. Eventually credit bubbles emerge and saving dry up making the economy less resilient than when wages are rising and savings are growing. While I am not necessarily a fan of artificially raising wages I am a fan of ensuring that market forces that would naturally raise wages be unencumbered.
The second quarter looks great because consumers are frequenting stores. They are willing to open their checkbooks and make purchases. As each consumer evaluates the value of the dollar spent they don't feel they will have financial problems in the future. With any luck we will soften the Britex slump by speeding up some economic activities to feed into current momentum.


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My cat Cleo is dying, it is heart-breaking. I was away for a week and my friend took care of her, feeding her well and administering Hartz UltraGuardplus for fleas for the first time. Now Cleo is lying in her litter-box and doesn't get up. It is heart-breaking. Yesterday I hand-fed her a little but for days now she is not moving and appears to be dying.
Lauren in San Diego


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BradyGames is the author of 'Skylanders Spyro's Adventure Official Strategy Guide', published 2011 under ISBN 9780744013115 and ISBN 0744013119.[read more]
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Near the Missouri River and Lake Oahe, Mobridge, South Dakota, offers tourists many attractions. Visitors to Mobridge have a few motels to choose from when enjoying the Native American or natural attractions in the area.
Grand River Casino and Resort
Located within two miles of Mobridge, the Grand River Casino and Resort offers visitors lodging and entertainment. There are 40 rooms with satellite television, hair dryers and coffeemakers. Rooms feature Native American artists and views of Lake Oahe. Gaming, including slots, blackjack and poker, is also available. Grand River Casino and Resort PO Box 639 Mobridge, SD 57601 605-845-7104 grandrivercasino.com
Wrangler Inn
Featuring 60 king and queen rooms, the Wrangler Inn gives guests a place to rest. The motel has amenities such as an indoor pool, game room, and on-site restaurant and lounge. It is in close proximity to Lake Oahe. The Wrangler Inn also offers triple rooms for large groups, and fishing packages. Wrangler Inn 820 W Grand Crossing Mobridge, SD 57601 605-845-3641 wranglerinn.com
MoRest Motel
With 27 rooms and hunting and fishing guide services on site, the MoRest Motel offers sportsmen an ideal place to stay. This limited-service property is located close to dining and lounge facilities, and features cable television, along with frozen storage facilities for wild game and fish. MoRest Motel 706 W Grand Crossing Mobridge, SD 57601 605-845-3668 angelfire.com/sd/guides/palmer.html
Mobridge Kountry Inn
The Mobridge Kountry Inn features smoking and nonsmoking king, queen, or suite-style rooms. Other amenities include free continental breakfast, wireless Internet access, hunting and fishing guide services, and the opportunity to store wild game and fish in a freezer. Mobridge Kountry Inn Box 907 1301 W Hwy 12 Mobridge, SD 57601 605-845-7215 No Website
Leaf Group is a USA TODAY content partner providing general travel information. Its content is produced independently of USA TODAY.
Photo Credits
- boy on beach lake michigan great lake image by Paul Retherford from Fotolia.com
- Attribution: Jake DeGroot; License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license
- Attribution: Paulwehr; License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license


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The Victorinox Pioneer Settler is a 93mm single layer Swiss Army Knife with Alox scales in a traditional jackknife format of a larger-blade and a small-blade.
Layer Tools
Silver Ribbed Alox. Historically red Alox scales were available, while other colors were available on advertising knives.
- Red Alox scales with the silver Swiss cross were made as a regular model at one time.
- Advertising versions often exist with scales in other colors.
- 0.8050.20 Victorinox: Red Alox w/Swiss Cross, without key ring
- 0.8051.20 Victorinox: Red Alox w/Swiss Cross, with key ring
- 0.8050.26 Victorinox: Silver Alox w/Victorinox Shield
- 4971 US SABI Model: Silver Alox w/Victorinox Shield
Related Knives
- Pioneer Apprentice - a small Sheepsfoot blade replaces the small pen blade.
- Pioneer Pruner - a small Hawkbill/Pruner blade replaces the small pen blade.
- Pioneer - the base 93mm model, the small pen blade is releaces with a reamer, and an additional layer is added with cap-lifter/screwdriver and can-opener/small-screwdriver tools.


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A stunning view over the bay of Villefranche with the beach below the railway and the iconic Cocteau chapel in the foreground.
Pippa Cunningham is a painter best known for her use of colour, fluidity and movement in her work. Happiest when painting in situ aiming to capture light, energy and colour into her paintings, a moment in time, creating a sense of freedom and life in the work is important to her. Travel is a major source of inspiration where she is often looking for unusual perspectives in the landscape. Having lived near the sea most of her life it is a subject that she is very often drawn to. In 2008 Pippa was commissioned to work on Louis Vuitton's Cruise Collection. Her paintings were developed into prints and designs across the range; from fashion to scarves, jewellery and leather goods. This collaboration continued in 2011 with the Ailleurs Collection of bags, acessories and prints for ready to wear. Pippa studied printed textiles and graduated from the Royal College of Art in 1994. She has undertaken commissions to do paintings for a diverse range of clients that include restaurants, the Royal Bank of Scotland, private collections and Marie Curie Cancer Care. She has exhibited in many London galleries as well as doing illustration work for magazines.
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