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- Disease Prevention in Women Center
- Take the Menopause Quiz
- Essential Screening Tests Every Woman Needs Slideshow
- Surprising Benefits of Sex Slideshow
- Patient Comments: Disease Prevention in Women - Osteoporosis Prevention
- Find a local Internist in your town
- Disease prevention in women overview
- Osteoporosis
- Breast cancer
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Cervical cancer
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Hypercholesterolemia (hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia)
- Type II diabetes mellitus
- Benefits of early detection
- Cancer of colon and rectum and polyps of colon and rectum
- Bladder cancer
- Glaucoma
- Melanoma and other skin cancers
- Screening tests
Disease prevention in women overview
Screening tests are a basic part of preventative medicine. All screening tests are commonly available through your primary care physician. Some specialized tests may be available only through specialists. Take an active role and discuss screening tests with your doctor early in life. The following examinations represent beneficial (generally simple and safe) screening tests that can help detect diseases and conditions before they become well-established and harmful.
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by progressive loss of bone density leading to bone fractures. Estrogen is important in maintaining bone density. When estrogen levels drop after menopause, bone loss accelerates. Thus, osteoporosis is more common among postmenopausal women.
Screening tests
Measurement of bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan
DEXA bone density scanning can:
- detect osteoporosis before fractures occur
- predict the risk of future bone fractures
- be used to monitor the efficacy of treatment regimens to combat osteoporosis.
Who to test and how often
The National Osteoporosis Foundation guidelines state that all postmenopausal women below age 65 who have risk factors for osteoporosis or medical conditions associated with osteoporosis and all women aged 65 and older should consider bone density testing.
High risk factors for osteoporosis include:
- early spontaneous menopause or surgical menopause secondary to removal of the ovaries;
- family members with osteoporosis and related bone fractures;
- cigarette smoking and/or heavy alcohol abuse;
- over-active thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism);
- previous or current anorexia nervosa or bulimia;
- thin body habitus;
- light skin;
- Asian or Northern European descent;
- conditions associated with poor absorption of calcium or vitamin D;
- chronic use of oral corticosteroids (such ascortisone and prednisone [Deltasone, Liquid Prep]), excessive thyroid hormone replacement, and phenytoin (Dilantin) or other anti-seizure medications; and
- problems with missed menstrual periods.
Benefits of early detection
Osteoporosis produces no symptoms until a bone fracture occurs. Bone fracture secondary to osteoporosis can occur with only a minor fall, blow, or even just a twist of the body that normally would not cause an injury.
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis can decrease the risk of bone fractures.
Preventative measures include:
- quitting smoking;
- curtailing alcohol intake;
- performing regular weight-bearing exercises, including walking, dancing, gardening, and other physical activities;
- supervised muscle strengthening exercises;
- getting adequate calcium and vitamin D intake;
- using medications to prevent osteoporosis. The most effective medications for osteoporosis prevention that are approved by the FDA are anti-resorptive agents, which prevent bone breakdown. Examples include alendronate (Fosamax), risedronate (Actonel), raloxifene (Evista), ibandronate (Boniva), calcitonin (Calcimar), and zoledronate (Reclast); and
While hormone therapy containing estrogen has been shown to prevent bone loss, increase bone density, and decrease the risk of fractures, HT has also been associated with health risks. Currently, hormone therapy is recommended for women for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. The lowest effective dosage of hormone therapy should be used, and it should only be continued until symptoms have resolved.
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the United States. Approximately one in nine women who live to age 65 will develop breast cancer, although many will not do so until after age 65.
Screening tests for breast cancer
The most important screening methods to detect breast cancer include:
- breast examination by a trained professional, and
- mammography
Who to test and how often
Breast awareness
- In November 2009, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommended against teaching breast self-examination, citing a lack of benefit for a monthly self-examination. Groups such as the American Cancer Society agree with this conclusion and do not offer guidance on exactly how often a woman should check her breasts, but do state that a woman should be aware of any changes in her breasts.
- Breast examination by a professional trained in breast examination.
- Mammography: In their revised recommendations issued in November 2009, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force states that women age 40 to 49 do not require routine mammograms. They recommend biannual screening mammograms for women aged 49-74, and further state that: "The decision to start regular, biennial screening mammography before the age of 50 years should be an individual one and take patient context into account, including the patient's values regarding specific benefits and harms."
- However, The American Cancer Society (ACS) disagrees and recommends a baseline mammogram for all women by age 40 and annual mammograms for women 40 and older for as long as they are in good health.
- In women with "lumpy breasts" or breast symptoms, and also in women with a high risk of developing breast cancer, a baseline mammogram at 35 years of age is sometimes recommended. This recommendation is somewhat controversial, and there are other viewpoints.
High-risk factors for breast cancer include:
- a history of breast cancer;
- first-degree relatives (mother, sister, or daughter) with breast cancer. The risk is especially higher if both the mother and sister have had breast cancers, if a relative developed her cancer before age 50, if the relative had breast cancer in both breasts, if there is both ovarian and breast cancers in the family, or if a male family member has been diagnosed with breast cancer
Benefits of early detection
Early detection of breast cancer is important to every woman, regardless of risk factors, because the earlier a cancer is found, the smaller it is likely to be. Studies have clearly shown that the smaller the size of the breast cancer when detected, the better the chance of a surgical cure and long-term survival. Smaller breast cancers are also less likely to have already spread to lymph nodes and to other organs such as the lungs, liver, bones, and brain.
Mammograms can detect many small breast cancers long before they may be felt during breast examinations. There is extensive evidence that early detection by mammography has improved survival in women with this disease.
Some 10% to 15% of breast cancers are not detected through mammograms but are detected by breast examinations. Therefore a normal mammogram does not completely exclude the possibility of breast cancer, and breast self-examinations and breast examinations by a doctor remain important.
SLIDESHOWSee Slideshow
High blood pressure (hypertension)
About one-sixth of all Americans have high blood pressure, and the incidence of this disease increases with age. Consequently, the proportion among adults is higher, and it is even higher among seniors. African-Americans are more likely than others to have high blood pressure.
High blood pressure can cause arterial disease (atherosclerosis) that can lead to heart attack, congestive heart failure, stroke, and kidney failure.
Screening tests
Blood pressure measurements
- High-normal blood pressure is 130-139/85-89.
- Stage 1 hypertension is 140-159/90-99.
- Stages 2 and 3 blood pressure are >160 / >100.
Who to test and how often
- How often blood pressure should be checked depends on how severely elevated the blood pressure is. It also depends on the presence of other risk factors for heart attack and stroke.
- Adults with most recent normal blood pressure of systolic < 130 and diastolic < 85 should be checked at least every other year.
Benefits of early detection
High blood pressure can cause diseases without any early warning symptoms.
There is good evidence that treatment of high blood pressure can reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.
Actually, there is good evidence that adults with all degrees of high blood pressure can benefit from the lowering of blood pressure. It is important to discuss weight management, exercise, and stress management with your doctor.
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Daily Health News
Cervical cancer
Cancer of the cervix (the portion of the uterus that extends downward into the vagina) is the third leading cause of gynecologic cancer.
It is almost always caused by a sexually transmitted organism human papillomavirus (HPV). Cervical cancer typically develops over the long term from abnormal precancerous (before-cancer) cells on the surface of the cervix. Once cancer develops, the cells may spread (i.e. metastasize) to other organs.
Screening tests
Pap test also known as Pap smear.
A Pap test is a simple, quick office test in which a sample of cells from a woman's cervix is collected by swabbing the surface of the cervix and spreading the cells on a microscope slide or placed in a special solution. The cells are examined under a microscope in order to look for precancerous (before-cancer) or cancer cells.
Who to test and how often
Women should have Pap tests as part of an annual pelvic examination beginning at age 21 or three years following the onset of sexual activity. The risk of cervical cancer increases sharply during the first few years following the initiation of sexual activity. Some physicians begin screening women as soon as they become sexually active, but not before. High-risk factors for cervical cancer of the cervix include:
- cigarette smoking;
- a history of genital warts or other genital infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV);
- multiple sexual partners or a partner who has multiple sexual partners;
- the onset of sexual activity at a young age.
In 2009, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) revised its recommendations regarding Pap testing. Instead of beginning at age 18 as previously recommended, the new recommendations advise beginning Pap smears at age 21. Further changes to the ACOG guidelines are:
- women younger than 30 years of age should have a Pap test every 2 years.
- women aged 30 years of age and older should have a Pap test every 2 years. After three normal Pap test results in a row, a woman in this age group may have Pap tests every 3 years if:
- she does not have a history of moderate or severe dysplasia;
- she is not infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV);
- her immune system is not weakened (for example, if she has had an organ transplant);
- she was not exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) before birth.
As it is rare to find a pre-cancerous or cancerous lesion of the cervix in women over the age of 65 who have repeatedly had normal Pap smears, many doctors decrease the frequency of Pap screening under these circumstances.
Women who have had a hysterectomy (surgery to remove the uterus, including the cervix) do not need Paps unless they have had a cancerous or pre-cancerous lesion of the genital tract. However, they should continue to have manual pelvic and rectal examinations by their doctors as a part of their periodic medical evaluations for reasons other than cancer of the cervix.
Benefits of early detection
There has been a 70% decrease in the death rate from cervical cancer, in large part because of judicious use of the Pap test. Benefits of the Pap test include:
- early identification and treatment of abnormal cells before they become cancerous.
- identification of cervical cancer at an early stage, thereby allowing optimum treatment before the cancer has metastasized.
A vaccine (Gardasil) has received U.S. FDA approval for use in young women between 9 and 26 years of age. Early vaccination will consistently protect against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 unless the patient has already been infected by one of these viral types. HPV types 16 and 18 are known to be the two viral types most frequently associated with pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix. Initial trials with the vaccine have shown that the HPV-16/18 vaccine is safe and induces a high degree of protection against HPV-16/18 infection. Gardasil is given in three injections over a six-month interval. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that girls 11-12 years of age receive the vaccine. It is also recommended for girls and women age 13 through 26 who have not yet been vaccinated or completed the vaccine series.
A newer vaccine (Cervarix) was approved by the FDA in October, 2009, for use in girls and young women ages 10-25 to help prevent cervical cancer. Cervarix targets two HPV strains, HPV 16 and HPV 18. A well-controlled study comparing Gardisil and Cervarix has yet to be conducted.
SLIDESHOWSee Slideshow
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome). While modern anti-HIV medications have significantly improved long-term survival and quality of life of HIV infected individuals, there is still no cure or vaccine. HIV infection is still eventually lethal in everyone who is infected. Therefore, preventing the spread of HIV is the most important step in preventing illness and death due to HIV infection.
Screening tests
- Screening blood test for antibodies to HIV is called an ELISA test. Confirmatory test for antibodies to HIV is called a Western blot.
- HIV infected individuals can remain free of symptoms for many years.
- Patients will know if they are infected ONLY if a blood test for HIV is done.
- HIV testing can be performed by a physician or at a testing center.
Who should be tested
The following individuals should be routinely offered HIV testing:
- pregnant women;
- individuals with occupational exposure to HIV (health care workers and researchers working with HIV);
- individuals with high-risk sexual behavior (multiple sexual partners, unprotected intercourse),
- drug users who practice needle-sharing;
- anyone requesting HIV testing; and
- individuals with active tuberculosis, unexplained fevers, low white blood cell counts, or who have been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection.
Most infected individuals will develop a positive HIV blood test within three months of being exposed to HIV. If the HIV test at three months is negative and there are risk factors for infection, the test should be repeated in another three months.
Benefits of early detection
Theoretically, early treatment with anti-HIV medications may help the body's immune system fight the virus. So far, early treatment cannot cure or eradicate the virus. Therefore, early detection is most important to prevent viral spread.
The HIV virus may be present in the blood, genital fluid, and other body secretions of virtually all infected individuals, regardless of whether or not they have symptoms. The HIV virus is spread from one person to another when these secretions come in contact with the vagina, anal area, mouth, eyes, or a break in the skin, such as from a cut, bruise, sore, or puncture by a needle. Sexual transmission of HIV has been described from men to men, men to women, women to men, and women to women through vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
Prevention of spread of HIV
- Abstinence from sex until both partners are certain that they are not infected (for example both partners test negative for HIV antibody after the last potential exposure) is paramount in preventing the spread of HIV. While most newly infected individuals test positive by two months after infection, up to 5% are still negative after six months with routine testing. If abstinence is not possible, use latex barriers such as a condom. A dental dam (i.e. a piece of latex that prevents vaginal secretions from coming in direct contact with the mouth) can also be employed.
- For pregnant women infected with HIV, proper prenatal counseling, treatment with anti-HIV drugs after the first trimester, proper handling of the delivery process, and short-term treatment of the newborn child can substantially reduce HIV infection in the newborn.
- Avoid sharing of needles, razor blades, and toothbrushes.
- Health care workers who experience a needle stick or exposure of the eyes, mouth, or injured skin to fluids from an infected person should take anti-HIV medication in order to reduce the risk of developing a clinical infection.
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Hypercholesterolemia (hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia)
Elevated LDL cholesterol or low HDL cholesterol increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis ("hardening of the arteries"). Atherosclerosis can begin to develop in adolescence and progress without any symptoms for many years. It can lead to heart attack and stroke later in life.
Hyperlipidemia is a common and treatable cause of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of death in both men and women in developed countries. The goal is to diagnose and retard or reverse atherosclerosis while it is still in a silent early state
Screening tests
Blood lipid panel that includes:
- total cholesterol;
- LDL ("bad") cholesterol;
- HDL ("good") cholesterol; and
- triglycerides
Who to test and how often
- LDL is the part of the cholesterol panel that is most significant when deciding patient treatment, as well as determining how often lipid panels are checked.
- All adults over 20 should have a lipid panel every five years. The panel should be repeated more frequently in high-risk situations.
Benefits of early detection
There is good evidence that lowering elevated LDL cholesterol and increasing low HDL is beneficial in heart attack prevention and, in some cases, stroke prevention in subjects with or without known atherosclerosis.
Treatment of elevated LDL cholesterol is multi-dimensional. Patients should discuss their total caloric intake, total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol intake as well as weight management and regular exercise with their doctor. Cholesterol-lowering medications represent an important part of treatment for many people with elevated blood lipid levels.
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Type II diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels ("hyperglycemia") due to impaired utilization of insulin, decreased production of insulin, or both.
Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. An estimated 18% of all Americans over 65 have diabetes. Over ten million Americans have been diagnosed with diabetes; and at least half as many more are thought to have undiagnosed diabetes. Many more people have a condition that precedes diabetes, referred to as prediabetes, characterized by sluggish metabolism of sugar (glucose) to a lesser degree than is present in those with diabetes.
Diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in adults aged 20-74 years, the leading cause of chronic kidney disease, and the leading cause of lower extremity amputations not related to injury. Individuals with diabetes are 2-4 times more likely to have a heart attack or stroke than are those without diabetes.
Screening tests
Tests for diabetes mellitus include:
- fasting blood sugar (blood sugar test after at least eight hours without calories), normal level less than 100 mg/dl;
- pre-diabetes is characterized by a fasting blood sugar level of 100-125 mg/dl;
- diabetes is diagnosed by a fasting glucose level greater than 126 mg/dl; and
- two-hour postprandial blood sugar (blood sugar test drawn two hours after a meal), A normal postprandial level less than 140mg/dl.
Who to test and how often
Healthy subjects over 45 years of age should have fasting blood glucose level checked every three years. Adults at a higher than normal risk of developing diabetes mellitus should be checked on a more frequent basis.
Risk factors for diabetes include:
- excessive weight;
- a first-degree blood relative with adult-onset diabetes;
- certain ethnic groups such as African-Americans, Hispanics, certain Native American, and Asians Groups;
- delivery of a baby weighing more than 9 lbs or a history of diabetes during pregnancy ("gestational diabetes");
- impaired glucose tolerance, currently or previously; and
- low HDL cholesterol (35 mg/dl or less) or elevated triglyceride level (over 250 mg/dl).
Benefits of early detection
There is good evidence in diabetic patients that curtailing total caloric intake (especially intake of processed starches, sugar and sweets), regular exercise, and the loss of excess weight can help prevent the development of diabetes mellitus. Weight control will usually lead to improved metabolism of glucose, often to levels in those without impaired glucose tolerance.
There is good evidence that in diabetic patients with diabetes, pharmacological blood sugar controls, diet, weight loss, and regular exercise can slow the development of diabetic complications.
There is also strong evidence that even those with impaired glucose tolerance can significantly improve their otherwise increased risk for atherosclerotic disease (including heart attacks and stroke) with appropriate changes in diet, physical activity, and weight.
Cancer of colon and rectum and polyps of colon and rectum
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer overall and ranks third in both women (after lung and breast cancer) and men (after lung and prostate cancer).
Scientists believe that majority of the colon cancers develop from colonic polyps (precancerous growths on the inner surface of the colon). These tumors may become malignant, with the cells invading locally or spreading (metastasizing) to other parts of the body.
Colon cancer is preventable by removing colon polyps before they evolve into a cancer. Colon cancer is curable if removed before spread occurs.
Screening tests
- Stool occult blood test: Stool occult blood test is a chemical test to detect trace amounts of blood in the stool. It is inexpensive and easily performed, though not always accurate. Some cancers are not detected by this test, and many positive tests are caused by other problems besides cancer.
- Flexible sigmoidoscopy: Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a relatively quick and easy office procedure which allows direct visualization and biopsy of suspicious lesions from the distal portion of the colon. The procedure is uncomfortable, and it is less accurate than a full colonoscopy.
- Colonoscopy: Colonoscopy allows visualization of the entire colon and is the most complete and thorough test. It requires intravenous sedation, is much more expensive, and is not covered by some insurance plans as a screening procedure. Although screening colonoscopies may have a slightly higher risk of complications than flexible sigmoidoscopies, both screening tests are very safe when performed by trained professionals.
Who to test and how often
All healthy subjects should have stool occult blood tests and flexible sigmoidoscopy at age 50, followed by stool occult blood annually and flexible sigmoidoscopy every five years.
Alternatively, instead of flexible sigmoidoscopy, all healthy subjects can undergo screening colonoscopy at age 50 and then every 10 years if tests remain normal and there is no prior history of polyps or cancer.
Higher risk patients (individuals with a family history of colonic polyps or cancer, long-standing ulcerative colitis, or a prior personal history of colon polyps or cancer) require colonoscopy earlier and more frequently.
Benefits of early detection
Stool occult blood testing, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy have been documented to reduce colon cancer mortality by:
- preventing colon cancer by identifying and removing polyps before they become cancerous.
- increasing cancer cure rate by identifying early cancer at a treatable stage before the cancer has spread (metastasized).
Bladder cancer
Screening tests
- Initial screening for bladder cancer is carried out by determining if there is blood in the urine (hematuria). This may be done using a dipstick that is placed in the urine. If positive, the urine should be examined under the microscope.
- Alternatively, the urine may be visualized microscopically without the dipstick being used.
- Bladder cancer can cause gross hematuria (a large amount of blood in the urine), or microscopic hematuria (the blood can only be seen with the aid of a microscope).
- Bladder cancer is only one of many causes of hematuria.
(Note that bladder cancer is only one of many causes of blood in the urine.)
Who to test and how often
All people who are current or former cigarette smokers or who have a history of occupational exposure to certain chemicals such as those used in the dye, leather, tire, and rubber industries should have a urine examination for blood periodically after the age of 60 years.
Benefits of early detection
Early bladder cancer may produce no symptoms and no gross blood in the urine. However, the blood is almost always visible microscopically.
Treatment can be effective if the cancer is detected early, and survival is strongly associated with the stage of disease at the time of initiation of treatment.
Cessation of cigarette smoking is always advisable.
Glaucoma is a condition with abnormally elevated intra-ocular pressures (pressure within the eyeball).
Screening tests
- Measurement of intra-ocular pressure should be a standard component of a comprehensive eye examination.
- Note that a checkup for vision does not always measure intra-ocular pressure.
- Intra-ocular pressure should be measured by eye care specialists.
Who to test and how often
The American Academy of Ophthalmology's recommended intervals for eye exams, including glaucoma screening, are:
- Have an eye examination every three to five years. Others should have an eye exam at least once during this period.
- Age 20-29: Individuals of African descent or a family history of glaucoma should have two screenings during this period.
- Age 30-39: Individuals of African descent or with a family history of glaucoma.
- Age 40-64: Every two to four years.
- Age 65 or older: Every one to two years.
Although there is no formal screening recommendation for healthy subjects with normal risk, everyone over 60 years of age should have periodic intra-ocular pressure measurements periodically, perhaps yearly.
Benefits of early detection
Glaucoma can cause extensive damage of the retina, as well as irreversible loss of vision without warning symptoms and before the individual becomes aware of a loss of vision.
There is good evidence that treatment of elevated eye pressure from glaucoma can prevent blindness.
Melanoma and other skin cancers
Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer.
Screening tests
Who to test and how often
The American Cancer Society recommends a skin check every three years between the ages of 20 and 40, and a skin check annually over age 40.
Adults with higher than normal risk for melanoma should be particularly vigilant if they have:
- a family history of melanoma;
- are middle-aged adults with frequent sun exposure;
- a history of serious or frequent sunburn. Childhood sunburn is particularly risky;
- more than 50 moles; and
- fair skin.
See a doctor if the mole has the following characteristics:
- a diameter more than 6mm;
- asymmetric, meaning an uneven shape;
- an irregular border; and
- a variable color pattern, usually blue or black.
Benefits of early detection
Skin cancer is the most common cancer. Even though the benefit of skin cancer screening is uncertain (so far, research has not shown that death from skin cancer can be decreased following the institution of a regular screening program is instituted), early treatment of skin cancer can be effective. Melanomas may be detected at an earlier stage with regular skin exams. Thinner melanomas are more successfully treated than are thick ones that have grown downward into the deeper portions of the skin.
Previous contributing author and editor: Daniel L. Gornel, MD, MPH and Dennis Lee, MD
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Kasper, D.L., et al., eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th Ed. United States: McGraw-Hill Education, 2015.
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; "HPV vaccination- recommendations."
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; "The Pap Test."
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF); "Screening for Breast cancer."
Top Disease Prevention in Women Related Articles
Bladder Cancer
Treatment for bladder cancer depends on the stage of the disease, the grade of the tumor, and the type of bladder cancer. Options for treatment include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and biological therapy.
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is an invasive tumor that develops in the mammary gland. Breast cancer is detected via mammograms, breast self-examination (BSE), biopsy, and specialized testing on breast cancer tissue. Treatment of breast cancer may involve surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Breast cancer risk may be lowered by managing controllable risk factors.
Breast Cancer SlidesLearn about breast cancer causes, symptoms, tests, recovery, and prevention. Discover the types of treatments such as surgery and drug therapies as well as the survival rate for breast cancer.
Cervical Cancer (Cancer of the Cervix)Cervical cancer is cancer of the entrance to the womb (uterus) caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Regular pelvic exams, Pap testing and screening can detect precancerous changes in the cervix. Cervical cancer can be prevented by a vaccine. The most common signs and symptoms are an increase in vaginal discharge, painful sex, and postmenopausal bleeding. The prognosis and survival rate depends upon the stage at which the cancer was diagnosed.
Cholesterol SlideshowDo you know the different cholesterol levels and what they mean? Learn the alphabet soup of cholesterol testing: LDL, HDL, good, bad, and triglycerides. Pictures show tests, treatments, and critical foods from eggs to avocados.
Cholesterol (Lowering Your Cholesterol)High cholesterol and triglyceride levels increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Getting your cholesterol and triglyceride levels in an optimal range will help protect your heart and blood vessels. Cholesterol management may include lifestyle interventions (diet and exercise) as well as medications to get your total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides in an optimal range.
Colon and Colorectal Cancer ScreeningColon cancer is preventable by removing precancerous colon polyps, and it is curable if early cancer is surgically removed before cancer spreads to other parts of the body. Therefore, if screening and surveillance programs were practiced universally, there would be a major reduction in the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer.
Colonoscopy ProcedureA colonoscopy is a procedure whereby a docotor inserts a viewing tube (colonoscope) into the rectum for the purpose of inspecting the colon. Colonoscopy is the best method currently available to diagnose, detect, and treat abnormalities within the colon.
Flexible SigmoidoscopyFlexible sigmoidoscopy is a procedure used to examine the lower colon and rectum. Flexible sigmoidoscopy can investigate the possible cause of
- rectal bleeding,
- bowel changes, and symptoms such as
- rectal pain,
- diarrhea, or
- constipation.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection left untreated causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Still incurable, AIDS describes immune system collapse that opens the way for opportunistic infections and cancers to kill the patient.
- Early symptoms and signs of HIV infection include flu-like symptoms and fungal infections, but some people may not show any symptoms for years.
- Highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the standard treatment for HIV infection. These combination drug regimens have made HIV much less deadly, but a cure or vaccine for the pandemic remains out of reach.
- HIV is usually transmitted through sexual contact or sharing IV drug needles, but can also infect someone through contact with infected blood.
- Sexual abstinence, safe sex practices, quitting IV drugs (or at least using clean needles), and proper safety equipment by clinicians and first responders can drastically reduce transmission rates for HIV/AIDS.
MammogramMammogram is a test that produces an image of the breast tissue on film. The technique is referred to as mammography. Mammography can visualize normal and abnormal structures within the breast such as cysts, calcifications, and tumors looking for breast cancer. The first baseline mammogram for a woman should be between the ages of 35 to 40.
Osteoporosis PictureThinning of the bones with reduction in bone mass due to depletion of calcium and bone protein. See a picture of Osteoporosis and learn more about the health topic.
Pap SmearA Pap smear (Pap test) is a medical procedure to screen for abnormal cells of the cervix. A woman should have her first Pap smear (in general) three years after vaginal intercourse, or no later than 21 years of age. The risks for women at increased risk for having an abnormal Pap smear include: HPV (genital warts), smoking, a weakened immune system, medications (diethylstilbestrol), and others. Some of the conditions that may result in an abnormal Pap smear include: absence of endocervical cells, unreliable Pap smear due to inflammation, atypical squamous cells (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and carcinoma in situ.


text:
"I do not call you servants any longer, because the servant[ does not know what the master is doing; but I have called you friends, because I have made known to you everything that I have heard from my Father. You did not choose me but I chose you. And I appointed you to go and bear fruit, fruit that will last, so that the Father will give you whatever you ask him in my name. I am giving you these commands so that you may love one another." - John 15: 15-17
I don't travel much, but I've been to Canada. Here's what I heard: "Oh. You're an American."
"No! Not that kind. I don't own a gun. I've never driven a golf cart and I hate Kid Rock."
More than one hundred dinner parties have left me well-versed in this sort of defensiveness.
"Oh. You're a minister."
"No! Not that kind."
"Well what then? Episcopalian?"
"No way. Incense? it's like they think the sanctuary's a dorm room and the RA's on the prowl."
"Southern Baptist?"
"Did you just call me a homophobe?"
"So you're liberal, like Unitarians."
"No! The last time I went to a Unitarian church the preacher used Bruce Springsteen lyrics instead of scripture."
"Nope, they've got Bishops."
"So what are you?"
"I tell you one thing, I'm not a Catholic."
Jesus wants us to love the people we define ourselves against. A first step might be to figure out who you are without a bête noire.
Maybe that's why we resist God. If opposition is what makes life interesting, or what makes us interesting, we're not going to embrace the One who promises to end it. Can you define yourself without naming the things you hate?
Thank you for calling us 'friend' dear Lord. Give us the wisdom to let that title shape us. Amen.
Matt Fitzgerald is the Senior Pastor of St. Pauls United Church of Christ in Chicago. He is the host of "Preachers on Preaching," a weekly podcast sponsored by The Christian Century.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Besides vitamin C, lemon contains many other vitamins and minerals:
- vitamin B1 (thiamine)
- vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
- vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)
- vitamin B6
- potassium
- calcium
- iron
- magnesium
- phosphorus
- copper
- manganese
It even has protein (0.6 grams in a lemon weighing about 58 grams, excluding the rind), a little fat (0.2 grams) and some carbohydrates (5.4 grams, of which 1.6 grams of fibre), but very few calories.
30 ml of lemon juice has hardly more than 7 Kcalories.
Hence it is excellent for low-calorie diets!
It also has many medicinal properties. Do you wish to discover them?
- strengthens the immune system thanks to its vitamin C, which helps our immune defences fend off germs
- offsets the lack of vitamin C, which can lead to severe health problems such as scurvy
- It is an excellent antioxidant that in fact helps combat free radicals and protects from oxidative stress, which can lead to cancer
- helps protect the skin and defend it from damage caused by the sun and pollution
- vitamin C also plays a role in the synthesis of collagen, the main structural protein of our skin. Eating lemon can therefore help keep it young-looking and radiant
- it promotes good digestion by stimulating bile production and regulating production of gastric acids
- it stimulates diuresis, which has a potent depurative effect
- helps balance the pH of urine
- the use of lemon is also seemingly associated with other effects, such as reducing the risk of strokes, especially in women. According to the American Heart Association women who consume this citrus fruit may reduce their risk of experiencing this grave vascular event by as much as 19%.
- it can help combat asthma. Vitamin C is in fact one of the nutrients associated with reducing the risk of this illness.
- lemon also improves absorption of the iron contained in other foods (in this regard, try our new recipe for steamed codfish with spinach and lemon. This action is particularly useful with regard to foods of vegetable origin, where iron is in a form comparatively less absorbable than in foods of animal origin.
- it helps stabilize the body's weight, as reported by many scientific studies according to which lemon may not only help combat obesity, but diabetes as well.
- lemon is a mood-booster: its fragrance is known to relieve anxiety and depression.
So why wait? As part of a daily diet, lemon is not only delicious, but a precious ally for our health.
Go ahead; add lemon to any juice and beverage, or as the main ingredient of fresh-squeezed juices.
Limmi is THE juice made from the very best Sicilian lemons, carefully selected to ensure all the fragrance and scent of this precious citrus fruit are always within your reach.
Cautions for gastric conditions
People with acid reflux or ulcers are cautioned not to suddenly add large quantities of lemon to their diet. If you have a gastric condition, it is always best to consult your doctor first.


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ISLAMABAD, Oct 7 (APP): On National Disaster Awareness Day, the devastating earthquake of October 8, 2005 will be remembered on Saturday with special focus on sensitizing the communities dealing with calamities.
Today, eleven years from horrible earthquake in 2005, the effects of disasters on people, society and the economy can accentuate poverty and social exclusion.
Pakistan has shown immense resilience in the face of devastating natural disasters and crippling emergencies, after this earthquake which claimed over 70,000 human lives besides infrastructure and other losses.
Dealing with a calamity of such magnitude would overwhelm any country. But it was made more difficult because of the lack of strategic Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) planning and management.
According to the latest figures of Earthquake, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority (ERRA), a total of 14,706 reconstruction project were planned in the affected area, including 5723 education related projects, 466 environment projects, 725 governance, 326 health, livelihood 2,352, WatSan 4,744, Transport 302, Power and Telecom 19, Social Protection 15, Town Planning 34.
Among these 10,204 projects have so far been completed including 2,999, eduction 240 projects of environment, 532 governance projects, 216 health, 1,375 livelihood, 4,571 WatSan, 220 Transport, 16 Power and Telecom, 31 town planning and four social protection, official sources told APP on Friday.
They informed that 4,502 projects are still under construction.
United Nations (UN) in a statement issued in connection with the day said, just last year, 45,900 households were assisted by Disaster Risk Reduction initiatives in areas beset by drought and floods in Sindh and Khayber Pakhtunkhwa, including via conditional cash transfers of US $ 6.59 million.
With UN support, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) developed a National "Multi Hazard Vulnerability Risk Assessment Policy" and a "National Disaster Management Implementation Road Map" for Multi-Hazard Vulnerability Risk Assessments, Community-Based Disaster Management and Capacity Building (2016-2030), with guidelines for vulnerable districts.
National Book Foundation has also launched a book titled, 'Taming Disaster' authored by Israr ul Haq, to introduce disaster management science for general public and its benefits for reducing the damages in case of any disaster.
ISLAMABAD, Oct 7 (APP): On National Disaster Awareness Day, the devastating earthquake of October 8, 2005 will be remembered on Saturday with special focus on sensitizing the communities dealing with calamities.


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During this year's annual Hunger and Homeless Awareness Week, held November 15-22, Chaminade Julienne students, faculty, and staff successfully surpassed the school's donation goals by collecting more than $2,500 and 2,000 items for people in need.
"I am always inspired by the way our CJ community steps up to give and to serve," said Kelli Kinnear, director of ministry and service. "Our students are called to be people of compassion, integrity and service, and this is one great example of how they do that."
Monetary donations are being given to two international hunger relief organizations: Catholic Relief Services, the official international humanitarian agency of the Catholic community in the United States; and Oxfam, a collaboration of 14 different non-governmental organizations from three countries working worldwide to fight poverty and injustice.
Donated non-perishable food items, toiletries and clothing will all be delivered to local organizations including Catholic Social Services, The Food Bank, St. Vincent's and the Dayton Children's Hospital. Members of FLIGHT (pictured above), helped organize events, collected donations from first period classes, and assisted with adding quotes and statistics about each issue to CJ's daily morning prayer.
"We are also blessed to have a faculty and staff who live out their faith on a daily basis and model this to our students," Kinnear said. In addition to collecting donations, students as well as faculty and staff also helped prepare bag lunches and hot meals on Wednesday and Thursday to feed more than 350 people at St. Vincent's and the House of Bread. Because of everyone's tremendous effort, the school will be rewarded a day off later in the year.


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Company : Sroufe Healthcare Products Inc
UMDC Code : 107889
Provides compression to the lumbar sacral and abdominal regions with the added benefit of our PNEUGEL dual compartment technology. Inside the support is a fabric-lined pocket to hold a PneuGel air/gel bladder. The bladder can be placed in the freezer for cold therapy. The outer pneumatic compartment of the bladder can be inflated for a customized fit and to adjust the amount of compression/support.
Product URL : http://www.sroufe.com/products/lumbar.php
Last Updated : 11/09/2012
Categories : "Orthoses, Upper Limb, Total, Support"
Please provide the following information and a representative of Sroufe Healthcare Products Inc will contact you to assist with any questions you might have.
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ECRI Institute Universal Medical Device Nomenclature System (UMDNS™) Proprietary Statement
Ensure that document matches include...
...all of these word(s):
...and optionally include these word(s):
...but do not have these word(s):
Enter your phrase:
Enter the first few characters of a word:
There are 2 types of basic queries: Terms and Phrases.
A Term is a single word search.
A Phrase would wrap a string of words in quotes and find matches on the extact string.
Boolean Operators
You can combine basic queries with Boolean operators to form a more complex query. Boolean operators define the relationships between Terms or Phrases. Our search supports the following Boolean operators: AND, "+", OR, NOT and "-". Please note that Boolean operators must be all uppercase.
example search: default AND document
This is the default operator. It will be used if there is no Boolean operator between two terms. For example:
default document is the same as default AND document. In this case both terms need to exist within a listing to find a match on that listing.The + character is synonymous with using AND.
example search: default OR document
In this case just one of the terms needs to exist within a listing to find a match on that listing.
example search: default NOT "document type"
The NOT operator excludes documents that contain the term (or phrase) after NOT. So a listing match would have to include the word default but not the phrase "document type". The - character is synonymous with using NOT.
Wildcard/Prefix queries
You can perform "wildcard" or "prefix" queries using the '*' operator. Whereas all of the previous search found exact matches on the whole term or phrase, a wildcard search will find partial matches.
example search: ehr*
This query will match all documents containing words beginning with the prefix 'ehr' like the word Ehrlichia.


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With over two decades of experience in early childhood education, as well as a PhD in curriculum development, Dr. Palacios is a pioneer in the field of dual language learning, and is co-founder and former vice-chairperson of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS), an organization that has certified more than 92,000 teachers in the United States during the past 20 years. Dr. Palacios is engaged in strategic curriculum planning for ABCmouse.com and in the design of age-appropriate learning activities and other site content that effectively teach essential concepts and skills to young children. In addition, she is involved in the development of site content that supports English language learning for children from households where English is not the primary language.
When your child reads, he or she looks at the written words on a page and decides what spoken words the written words represent. But that doesn't help him understand what he is reading unless he also knows the meanings of those spoken words.
As a teacher of young children for more than 30 years, one of the things that I valued most was children's drawings. What incredible imagination and creativity young children have!
Every child's education should be well-balanced, including the fundamentals of reading, writing, mathematics, science, social studies, and the arts. Often when there are budget cuts in schools, the first thing to be eliminated is the arts.
The holidays offer wonderful opportunities to create learning experiences for children that center around cooking. These experiences are especially powerful because they involve all of the senses: smelling, tasting, touching, hearing, and seeing-which is one reason that memories created in the kitchen can last a lifetime!
Open a book with your child and step into another world! When we provide children the gift of books and language, we are providing them with imaginative experiences that are important in building a nation of creative thinkers and innovators.
An invaluable survival strategy for parents and teachers of young children is the establishment of daily and weekly routines.
Water fascinates young children. Whether the water is in small or large quantities, however, it is always important to think about safety when water is involved and to ensure that young children are properly supervised. With this in mind, let's talk about water play.
Sometimes, as I showed my 4-year-old students some new materials to work with (which teachers call manipulatives), they would ask me, "What does it DO?" This question would make me think twice about what people give children to play with; too often toys and manipulatives are designed to "do" something interesting, but not to require the child to "do" very much at all!
Now that summer is here and many children are at home, there are lots of things that families can do to encourage summer learning.
In my most recent blog, I wrote about science for the summer and ways to set the stage for science explorations. My first suggestion was to find out about your child's interests and set up an experience or exploration with that in mind. I asked: "Is it bugs, bubbles? How about shadows and light, or sound and vibrations? Perhaps it is things that move or things that grow?"
In my most recent blog, you found information regarding summer explorations based on science activities. Those included insects, shadows and light, and sound and vibration. (This blog will offer suggestions on wheels, balls, and motion, as well as seeds and plants.)


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Flying Business Class with an Infant
Our trip from Cape Town, South Africa to Valparaiso, Chile was a breeze! Especially in comparison to our last trip from Morocco to South Africa. Any trip would be a breeze compared to that one though…
So, I truly believe that the reason that our 44+ hours of traveling were made bearable, and even enjoyable at times, was because we flew business class on all four flights. We played our airline mileage points "cards" right and were able to get a very reasonably priced business class flights for this leg of our journey. We decided to splurge a little here because we knew it would be our longest few days of travel of the whole trip. Moral of the story, upgrade to business class whenever you can! Especially if you're traveling with an infant.
Our trip was pretty uneventful considering it all went rather smoothly, so we're just going to share our favorite things about flying business class.
The Seats
These seats were incredibly spacious. Carter could comfortably sit next to me on my seat and when it was time to sleep I would turn on my side and pull Carter in next to me. Oh and did I mention that the seats lay almost all the way back AND had a leg rest that come out! This was the first time we would have rather been on a plane than in the airport, but unfortunately we still spent around 20 hours in airports. Luckily we had our travel crib and that made everything a lot more comfortable.
The Separate Bathroom
In business class we shared a bathroom with up to 15 other people, rather than sharing 2 bathrooms with hundred or so people. It was nice to never have to wait in line, and the bathrooms didn't smell like urine! The bathroom situation was a nice aspect of flying business class.
The Food
Airplane food has been nothing special for us in the past, but flying business class made all the difference! We had endless snacks available to us whenever we wanted and 4 course meals served twice to us on each flight (which we ordered based off of a menu). It's was obviously still airplane food and not the best, but it was substantially better than economy. And, who can complain about the quantity?! The meals were plenty for the three of us to share.
The Space
So the seats were nice and comfy, providing enough room for Carter, but our legroom was a different story. Carter was able to stand and walk around in front of our seats as well as sit and color or play with toys. Scott or I could even get down on the floor with him! I think this was the biggest factor in having a successful flight.
Being First On and First Off
One perk that I didn't realize we'd appreciate so much was that we were first on and first off with business class. First on was great because we could stow our luggage and sprawl out in our seats and on the floor, basking in the extra space we had.
Being the first off was fantastic because we were the first in lines for immigration and customs! This made a huge difference too. In the above picture, we were the only ones there so we let Carter go through the scanner thing by himself for the very first time! I grabbed the camera and took a picture as 20+ employees starting yelling "No cameras!" I apologized and put the camera away, but what they didn't know is that I had already taken the picture 🙂
The Extra Carry-ons
Even though we had to spend a lot of time in airports instead of on the very comfortable business class seats, we were each able to bring 2 carry-on items instead of our usual 1 so we had all of our bags. We usually only have to check 1 bag (since having our Lotus Everywhere Travel Crib), but now we had all of our bags which meant several changes of clothes for everyone, toiletries bag for freshening up, all of our electronics, and our travel crib.
Carter slept really well in the travel crib during our layovers and, to me, it was more comfy than the benches, so I crawled in with Carter for several hours at a time.
Don't let traveling with an infant scare you into thinking that you're not good enough to fly business class, or you'll be a bother to all of the "privileged" people in business class. Save yourself, your child, and in the end all of the other passengers a lot of grief and fly business class! Everyone will have a much more relaxed, spacious, and enjoyable flight if you have room to stretch.


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I try Get Data for a basic custom entity with 4 text columns, the wizard works perfectly until the start of importing then i get this error: -
Any idea?
Load to Common Data Service failed. Details: An error occurred while validating input parameters: Microsoft.OData.ODataException: Does not support untyped value in non-open type.
at System.Web.OData.Formatter.Deserialization.DeserializationHelpers.ApplyProperty(ODataProperty property, IEdmStructuredTypeReference resourceType, Object resource, ODataDeserializerProvider deserializerProvider, ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
at System.Web.OData.Formatter.Deserialization.ODataResourceDeserializer.ApplyStructuralProperties(Object resource, ODataResourceWrapper resourceWrapper, IEdmStructuredTypeReference structuredType, ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
at Microsoft.Crm.Extensibility.OData.CrmODataEntityDeserializer.ApplyStructuralProperties(Object resource, ODataResourceWrapper resourceWrapper, IEdmStructuredTypeReference structuredType, ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
at System.Web.OData.Formatter.Deserialization.ODataResourceDeserializer.ReadResource(ODataResourceWrapper resourceWrapper, IEdmStructuredTypeReference structuredType, ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
at System.Web.OData.Formatter.ODataMediaTypeFormatter.ReadFromStream(Type type, Stream readStream, HttpContent content, IFormatterLogger formatterLogger). (Job ID: 2c206076-6994-4546-8d1e-a1d22ad86672)
Adding @millopis from the Power Query team.
Hi @CWesener and @millopis, and that's for always being available.
I found a resolution that I would like to share, although I don't think this error should exist but here is the reason and how to eliminate.
The reason of this error is that if I create an entity and name as COUNTRY, Name of the primary field cannot be also called COUNTRY. Simple.
If I call the primary field anything else, such as COUNTRY NAME, then power query works perfectly.
Hello Yahya.
Thanks for reporting this. We will introduce an additional validation rule that indicates that it's not possible to create an entity if it has a field with the same name as the entity itself.
Confirmed issue & fix works, thanks Yahya
I am getting the same error with a different Primary name vs the entity name. I am training in powerapps and an admitted newbie but I have followed the instructions but I am unable to imort my data.
I have the exact same issue.
I am also training and taking the same course via EDX.org.
@KyleGarrettand @Smitha10: sorry for the late reply. Would you mind starting a new thread for this issue, as it's unrelated to the issue that the current thread was created for?
Check out the on demand sessions that are available now!
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Senior Software Engineer
Hunt Valley, Maryland /
Software Engineering /
If revolutionizing healthcare excites you, join our growing team and help us achieve our mission to build better software for doctors and patients and improve healthcare for all. drchrono was founded and is led by two software engineers, Michael Nusimow and Daniel Kivatinos. Unlike other healthcare companies, our company is built from the ground up to address modern healthcare through technology and innovation. We believe in open APIs and being part of an open ecosystem.
We are a YCombinator funded Silicon Valley startup working out of the chronoplex in Mountain View, CA and Hunt Valley, Maryland. Since our inception, we have attracted over 100k physicians, 10 million patients, and have been to the White House to discuss how technology can solve healthcare problems as part of the Obama Administration's Precision Medicine Initiative . So far we've booked 20+ million patient appointments and processed 1.5 billion dollars in medical billing per year. drchrono is ranked by INC 500 as one of the fastest growing private companies in America. We are an official Apple Mobility Partner with our industry leading EHR (Electronic Health Records) iPad app.
Silicon Valley Business Journal designated drchrono as one of the fastest growing private companies and was voted the #1 mobile Electronic Health Record 5 years in a row by Black Book Rankings.
drchrono Engineering plays a critical role delivering innovative products from inception to mass adoption. You'll be able to use your expertise and creative talents to build things working closely with product, design, and other departments. We have the mind and soul of SaaS startup and you'll be able to build world class software that delights users and can scale to millions of people. The ideal candidate will be comfortable in a fluid start-up environment and will bring an energetic, fun and creative approach to their work. You could be an experienced engineer or a recent graduate eager to learn and get involved at all stages of the development lifecycle.
What you'll do:
- Create products & features that make it easier for doctors and their staff to run an efficient medical practice
- Continually offer thought-leadership and dependable execution ability in a high-paced environment characterized by ongoing iteration and product pushes
- Play a key role in product development, help shape direction of drchrono feature set
- Take complex and thorny practices and processes and build beautifully simple and maintainable software.
- Design & write software to help manage and automate the complexity of running a private medical practice
- Help build scalable programs that standardize information flow and increase operational capacity
- Be part of a close-knit engineering team that ships new code to make a meaningful impact in healthcare
- Implement automated and exploratory testing processes that provide continuous feedback on quality issues; find ways to break our web application before their public release
- Implement internal and public facing pages on drchrono.com
- Mentor and train new engineers
- Help make UI and UX decisions
What you'll need:
- Hacker strong with CS fundamentals from Bachelor's in CS, engineering, related discipline or equivalent industry experience
- Experience building products for fast growing web or mobile products
- Must have at least 3 years of professional experience developing in Python
- Ability to manage conflicting project demands and thrive in a small, fast-paced, start-up environment
- Experience in a fast-paced work environment & a bias for action. You work as part of a team and care about building scalable and maintainable systems.
- A product-first approach to building software. You care about the real world functionality of your programming.
- Experience doing front-end web development using HTML, CSS, and modern Javascript using AngularJS.
- Experience writing production backend code in Python (preferably Django).
- Strong sense for UI and UX.
- Experience writing apps backed by relational databases (e.g. MySQL or PostgreSQL).
What you'll get:
- Help define the future of healthcare in a digitized future
- Be part of growing world class team of engineers
- Meaningful equity in a startup that's rapidly growing their business


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This article was last updated on Feb. 19, 2015.
Careers in theater are not usually known for their immediate financial upside. Instead it's a field chosen by people with a passion for the stage, but fortunately there are many organizations willing to help with tuition so students can pursue their desire to act, direct, sing, dance or design sets. If you're seeking financial backing to learn your craft, explore this list of excellent theater scholarships.
Want more scholarships? Check out our scholarship search.
Princess Grace Awards in Theater
For 30 years the Princess Grace Foundation has been supporting film, dance and theater artists in honor of Princess Grace of Monaco. This scholarship is for directors, actors, and costume, set, sound, projection and lighting designers. The Princess Grace Foundation offers many other scholarships and grants for film and dance.
American Theatre Organ Society Scholarship Program
For those students pursuing careers in organ playing. Scholarships are available for students studying with a professional organ instructor or pursuing an organ performance degree. Students as young as 13 are eligible.
Joseph Collins Foundation Scholarship
For the Joseph Collins Foundation scholarship, applicants must be medical students who intend to specialize in neurology, psychiatry or general practice and who show a passion for the arts (writing, theater, music). You must also be in the top half of your class and demonstrate financial need.
John L. Dales Scholarship Fund
The Screen Actors Guild offers two kinds of scholarships for members or their dependents. The first type is for members of SAG or their children attending an accredited institution of higher education. The second type helps SAG members change or further their careers. Academic standing, financial need, an essay and letters of recommendation are all considered in the application process.
Hope College Distinguished Artist Awards
Applicants must display talent and dedication to creating outstanding writing, dance, music or theater pieces. Each field is broken into a category and has separate application instructions.
College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University Theater Scholarship
Students at the College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University can receive awards for displaying excellence in theater. Apply early in your college career; the scholarships are renewable for up to four years. You'll need to be able to sell yourself well, as the application process requires a face-to-face interview.
Drew University Presidential Scholarship in the Arts
Drew University is ranked one of the best schools in the country for theater. The application is open to creative writing, music, art and theater students. For theater, submit your acting, dancing, design work or playwriting examples to be considered for the award.
Grand Rapids Combined Theatre Scholarship
Students who got their start performing in the Grand Rapids, Michigan, area and are now pursuing a theater career are eligible for this award. Students must be at least 25% American Indian and an enrolled member of a U.S. tribe.
Fox Chapel Area Education Scholarship
This scholarship is for graduating high school students in the Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, area excelling in art, music, theater, drama or dance. To be considered for this award the student must show financial need and a dedication to actively participating in their community. As with all of these scholarships, good academic standing helps too.
Zach Bowers contributed to this report.
Theater performance photo via Shutterstock.


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2018 Christmas Appeal has now finished
01 Nov 2018 - 30 Jun 2019
Monash Health is Victoria's largest public health service. We are proud to provide healthcare to one quarter of Melbourne's population. The Monash Health Foundation is the fundraising department of Monash Health.
We assist donors fulfil their wish to make a true difference by helping secure vital equipment, key services and programs that would not otherwise be possible without financial support. Every donation, however big or small, makes a difference.


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Necessary Facts About Lie Detector Tests In Locationname Countyname
Lie Detector Test In Locationname - Frequent Questions - Costs, How Does It Work And Certainty
10 Particular Details To Know Before Taking A Lie Detector Test In Locationname
1. What Do You Know About A Lie Detector Test In Locationname?
A Polygraph Exam or Lie Detector Test is a way of revealing deception in St Neots. They use an instrument called a Polygraph that helps to quantify and record physiological reactions to a progression of inquiries. UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots is one of the leading certified companies in St Neots who offers superb Polygraph test services.
2. How Can A Lie Detector Test Work?
Physical lie detector test effects are manifested through heart beat and sweat. The science that dictates these tests suggests that the Polygraph test gives varying body responses when a person is lying from when he is telling the truth. An expert examiner from UK Lie Detector test in St Neots will give an elucidation in the test outcomes provided at the end of the Lie Detector Test.
3. How Exact Is A Lie Detector Test In Locationname?
If an accredited and thoroughly trained Polygraph examiner completes a Lie Detector Test, the reliability of a Lie Detector test can be as much as between 95%-97%.
4. How Much Does It Cost In Locationname?
Based on you reside in the UK, a UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots Polygraph test can costs as low as £395.00 inc VAT Depending if multiple group Lie Detector Tests are needed, type of a case and the test venue are just some of the circumstances that can influence the cost.
5. What Type Of Questions Can Be Proposed?
Before starting the Lie detector test in St Neots, all the questions are discussed with the subject during a pre-test interview. There are no trick inquiries just questions about the Lie Detector Test case. As is the case with all professional polygraph examiners, the experts from UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots never ask invasive, personal or indiscreet questions during the polygraph.
Work With UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots Today
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6. Enquiring Methods Used In Lie Detector Tests
During a Lie Detector Test the subject will be asked three types of questions by the UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots examiner. Part of the Lie Detector Test process is the asking a set of questions about simple facts are to establish the baselines of the subject's physiological activities to facts. Comparison questions are designed to invite the subject to lie and are not immediately linked to the circumstance or event. Applicable questions are about the situation or event and are evaluated using both the inapplicable and related questions
7. Pre-test Interview
There will always be a pre-assessment of the subject before the commencement of the real examination, and this is meant for the UK Lie Detector examiner to learn and understand the subject within a space of 60 minutes. In the Pre-Test Interview, the examiner can create a better understanding of the examinee by studying him during the Lie Detector Test. The test inquiries will likewise be checked on by the inspector and examinee now before the Lie Detector Test.
8. Conclusions And Records
UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots examiner will complete the analysis of the results on the same day the test is performed, and deliver the report to you in St Neots. The outcomes of the Lie Detector test would be revealed to the subject in person as well as in a complete record which could be sent to your residence in St Neots.
What Is The Age Requirements To Take A Lie Detector Test In Locationname?
The minimum legal age limit for someone taking a Lie Detector Test is 14 in the UK. The UK Lie detector test always complies by this age limit religiously and will always demand for parental consent and guidance for subjects below 18 years
Lie Detector Test History
In 1906, the Lie Detector Test was created by a British heart Surgeon, James McKenzie That machine could measure and record variations in heart rate and any increased sweating. At a later stage in 1921, John Augustus Larson (an American Police Officer), designed a modern, more reliable Polygraph tool for forensic purposes. Then, in 1925, the machine was made more efficient by Leonarde Keefer who replaced the smoke paper that was being used with ink pens. Then again in 1938, Keeler added another measuring component for galvanic skin resistance in the instrument for further improvement. There were several advancements made to the Polygraph throughout the years and the control questioning method of John Reid was introduced in 1947. The polygraph decide was finally digital in 1992 after many years of exploring methods to develop it.
Work With UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots Today
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How Much Are The Fees Of A Lie Detector In Locationname?
Is It Cheaper If I Have 1 Question?
This is a common question which is often posed but it must be understood that the fee for the UK lie detector test polygraph is not determined by the number of questions that need to be asked. By asking excessively numerous inquiries one may not arrive at an conclusion and yet a similar exam process may be attempted with a single inquiry . Only one issue should be targeted in a Lie Detector Test and only that issue should be the focus of all questions.
Why Is The Deposit Not Refunded?
At UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots in St Neots, bookings for a Lie Detector Test require the payment of a non refundable deposit. This fund covers the expenses such as going around the UK and the visiting the setting and so on. Committing the examinee to a non-refundable deposit means that they are more committed to undergo the Lie Detector Test.
What Is The Price Of Lie Detector Test When Coping With Lack Of Trust In A Relationship?
When a relationship goes wrong trust can be lost and accusations can begin to take over. One of the means of getting trust back in a relationship is by taking a Lie Detector or Polygraph Test. Because relationship issues are difficult to navigate, you and your partner may both want to take a UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots Polygraph to uncover multiple issues. Although the prices start from £395 inc VAT, costs can vary depending on your area in the UK and how many tests will be needed with other aspects. For example you might wish to take a UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots in your own home in Cambridgeshire but want your partner to take their test in Wisbech. This would cost more as the UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots examiner would need to travel from one address to another in Cambridgeshire.
For Theft, What Is The Cost Of Engaging The Services Of A Lie Detector Company?
Thefts at home or in the workplace in Cambridge or in the workplace in Chatteris can be upsetting and also lead to financial losses in your relationship with family members or colleagues. To have the best and most effective way to locate the culprit in Cambridgeshire, you can deal with case by having a UK lie detector test polygraph exam for sure. The costs can differ and depend on the number of suspects you wish to take the Lie Detector Test and where you are located in Cambridgeshire. Polygraph exams for thievery start from £395.00 inc VAT and are designed for both business and private client needs in the UK.
Work With UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots Today
Start working with the UK's leading polygraph lie detection company.
Picking A Reputable Lie Detection Company
In Locationname, There Are A Lot Of Great Companies Who Can Give You Great Service When It Comes To Lie Detector Companies
But there are some points that you must check out for when employing a Polygraph corporation in St Neots. Do they concentrate on their clients, are their processes transparent and do their examiners have accreditation? Can they offer you Nationwide residential tests, controlled offices, and discreet locations to take your Lie Detector Test? The professional Lie Detector Test examiners from UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots can arrange your test in seconds on 0800 061 4592 with the help of a fast, easy and discreet booking process. Everyone knows what's obtainable on the Jeremy Kyle Show contrasts what you get in a proper Polygraph exam. An excellent inspiration was given to the lie detector exams by the Jeremy Kyle Show, but UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots trust that it is more appropriate to handle private concerns in confidence. A professional and discreet Lie Detector Test can be offered by the UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots in the comfort of your own home whether in Whittlesey or Ely.
Lie Detector Tests, Accurate Results
General Accuracy And Limitations Of Assessment
Figures have shown that Lie Detector Tests can be quite precise especially as it relates to identifying the lies in statements. Though, there remains notable error percentages and so-called countermeasures are used on how to beat a Lie Detector Test.
Can Nerves Make Me Look Guilty When I Am Not?
Being nervous doesn't change the results as most likely you will be nervous throughout the exam. Answers to interview and examination methods of particular queries would still indicate the disparity of responding honesty and dishonesty. You'll feel more relaxed and comfortable because St Neots Lie Detector Test examiner will work with you in St Neots.
The Control Question Test And The Guilty Knowledge Test
The UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots examiners uses the Control Question Test as psychological baseline. These control inquiries with known responses are used to make correlations with important inquiries to the specific occasion or occurrence. Physiological responses stay at regular readings when an honest answer is given while a spike in the same physiological responses are recorded when a deceitful answer is provided. The Guilty Knowledge Test is where the physiological reaction is noted when a multiple-choice setups of one right answer and additionally incorrect answers are inquired. Controls form incorrect answers while correct answers generate more physiological response. UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots employs this questioning to ascertain the familiarity or personal knowledge of the subject to a particular information or event related to the case.
Involuntary actions are identified during a UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots Lie Detector Test using the Polygraph tool. The body functions which the conscious mind cannot control consciously are called autonomic reactions. Contact with skin, rate of heartbeat, rate of breathing, blood pressure, capillary dilation and movement of the muscle are classed as body responses. During the test, electrodes are placed on the skin to measure conductivity, respirations are measures by pneumographs, and an infallible cuff on the arm measures blood pressure. When the examinee's response to control questions is high, then he is determined to be telling the truth. It is regarded that if an individual is displaying deceit, there would be alterations in the involuntary response. If there are no different reactions in any answer from the asked questions, The Lie Detector Test is viewed as inconclusive.
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Cognitive Polygraph
The new reasoning Lie Detector approach is intended to trigger superior mental ability to detect whether a person is lying or telling truth. Polygraph based questioning and cognitive load are different things. Physiological arousal is used by Polygraph based questioning to record deception. Cognitive polygraph applies the increase of indices of cognitive load as the basic cues
A video-based eye-tracker that concentrates on both eyes and documents movement of the eye is the most popular type of eye-tracker. Eye-tracking for lie detection uses an infrared camera to measure the subtle changes in the eye so the deception can easily be detected.
Voice Emphasis Examination
Voice analysis track changes in the intensity and frequency of the voice that are believed to be signs of lying. This framework can be utilized via phone.
Brain Observations
The brain's usage of oxygen is measured through the functional magnetic resonance, taking care of even the parts where the oxygen is used. It is proved that the lie at the source can be caught by using it as a method of lie detection.
Unspoken Behaviour
This involves monitoring spontaneous facial expressions and other micro expressions using high speed cameras over a duration of time. Minor expressions are hard to repress and nearly unthinkable to conceal and could be utilised to spot dishonest or honest behaviour.
Truth drug has historically been used to obtain information from subjects without consent examples are sodium thiopental, ethanol, cannabis and among others. There is no drug proven to enhance truth-telling as a variety of substances have been tested.
How Can You Justify 98% Accuracy?
UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots have stringent working strategies that incorporate four principal factors. Only the experienced and accredited Lie Detector Test examiners are used. Polygraph testing device is up to date. We take extra care in conducting a UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots Lie Detector Test in a domain with no diversion or interruption. As the consequence, we give the examinee's undergo pre-examination assessment with the terms and conditions of the UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots Polygraph exam.
What Is The Accuracy Of A Lie Detector Test When Taken By UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots?
The highly experienced, fully trained and accredited polygraph examiners from the UK lie detector test use state-of-the-art modern polygraph equipment in the appropriate climate to achieve test results of 95%-98% accuracy.
Work With UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots Today
Start working with the UK's leading polygraph lie detection company.
Are Lie Detector Tests Admissible In Court?
In What Cases Should A Polygraph Be Used?
Polygraph Lie Detector Tests are not usable in court in the UK but are still very helpful for private and corporate customers In and around the UK. If the firm deals with sensitive and classified data, then the Lie Detector Test could be a veritable Pre-Employment screening tool in the bid to pick the most trustworthy fellow. Fraud or robbery examinations can be handled rapidly with the assistance of a UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots Polygraph exam. Sexual Offences Polygraph Test can be done at the conclusion of the suspect statement to verify that they are prepared to return to normal life in Cambridgeshire. Workers in financial institutions who have access to huge amount of money can constantly be examined to ascertain they are not a threat
What Does The UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots Lie Detector Test Measure?
What's The Working Mechanism Of A Lie Detector Test?
A Polygraph or Lie Detector Test weighs physiological reactions when an examinee is questioned and responds to a category of questions These responses include blood pressure, heart rate, and perspiration.
Does It Hurt?
It will not hurt, but you can feel some displeasure from the inflated blood pressure cuff.
Why Does It Take A Lot Of Time?
At UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots the process takes an hour or two since there is more to Lie Detector Test than the polygraph device. To ensure the UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots interviewer is equipped with sufficient information about the subject and his circumstance, a pre-test phase is incorporated into the exercise. Any questions that will be proposed will be talked about in detail with you to ensure these are questions are specific and closed and will help the test. The test itself may vary in length depending on your circumstances.
Will I Have To Wait For The Results?
The results will be given you verbally immediately after the completion of the test and you can even discuss your test with the UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots examiner. You will receive a complete report after some time which will include charts, transcripts and video recordings.
What's The Procedure For Scheduling A Lie Detector Test In The UK?
UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots booking procedure is fast, effective, efficient and private in St Neots. You'll be asked to pay a non-refundable deposit of £300 at the booking stage and you will receive the confirmation of your booking in St Neots.
Lie Detector Test In The Locationname Area
Organize your free consultation from our devoted staff and reserve your Lie Detector Test today. Our Lie Detector Tests can be taken in hotel meeting rooms and are available at residential addresses across the country. In the UK, we cover many locations including Whittlesey, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, Chatteris, Ely and Wisbech in Cambridgeshire. You can reach out to the UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots team through email on [email protected] or by calling 0800 061 4592 to book a test or make enquiries today.
Work With UK Lie Detector Test in St Neots Today
Start working with the UK's leading polygraph lie detection company.
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Beauty brand Eye Candy London is branching out from False Lash land with a range of Eye Candy nail polishes.
I love all the nail art effects but lets face it who has time to painstakingly draw flowers onto their finger nails, layering on more and more coats of polish so that they chip within a few moments of being finished. The Eye Candy nail polishes and effects promise 'unique effects' and 'trend-setting looks on the go' all with an affordable price tag. There are crackle, irridescent, metallic colour flip and 3D wave effects to choose from but I'm road testing the London Lights polish that is used over a coloured base to give a holographic effect.
I chose a blue base colour for an underwater vibe. The London Lights nail polish is easy to apply and dries quickly, perfect for fidget pants like me. The only issue for me is that there could be more of the holographic particles in the bottle but at an affordable £6 I can't really complain. On the plus side less particles give you the power to experiment with different looks, a few holographic pieces for a minimalist look or up the layers for a more futuristic finish. Here's the finished Bijou look, I've applied two coats and as the holographic particles sit in a high gloss clear polish didn't feel the need for a top coat.
3 days in and my futuristic finger tips are still going strong, not a chip in sight.
Take a look at their Facebook page for reviews on the rest of the range and more excitingly giveaways


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As I write this, I am sitting on the 1 train crying (what else is new?). These tears that are welling up in my eyes but not actually making their way down my face are tears of knowing I don't actually have to cry so much today. One year ago today, I was hit by a car while biking home from work. My aunt emailed me yesterday – a belated Thanksgiving email – to tell me she was grateful I made it through. My ex-roommate's ex-boyfriend Facebook messaged me to say one year later he was thinking of me and I seem happy. And I made it through today, teaching four third grade classes and forgetting and remembering and then commuting and remembering again that one time I didn't make it home.
It's been a year.
It hasn't been a bad year. It definitely wasn't a good year. It was a year that doesn't subscribe to dualistic or simplistic adjectives in my mind. Today, I told a third grader to find a more descriptive word than "nice" when picking the characteristics for his own personal loving-kindness meditation. I think that when I think back to that swathe of time between the gurney and now, I'll always be searching for the right words to sum it up.
To the reader still injured, this too shall pass. Making it out on the other side is a shape-shifting experience, a process of becoming, and that process gets recognized in moments – jumping up and down while teaching kids yoga; taking a particularly challenging yoga class; crossing the street with a regular, even, steady heartbeat.
Talk about growing up on OM! I've had more life experiences in this year than I've probably had in ten years of my life combined. I've learned a lot along the way. I remember writing a blog post just ten days out of surgery. I was in my bed and my leg was propped up on four pillows and I was a little high on pain medication but still, I wrote of the overwhelming gratitude I felt…and what I was learning. Well, folks, what I learned then doesn't even make a dent into all I've learned since and all, I am sure, that I have left to learn.
Here is what I've learned between December Firsts (i.e. what a one-year-out me wants to say to late 2014 me and all those who are working through injuries):
- You will heal, even though, in the deepest darkest places inside, you don't think you will.
- Family is everywhere. The school I did my AmeriCorps service at continues to make my heart swell with how much they cared for and about me last year.
- True friends are the ones who don't leave the trauma ward when they put the bones back into your body. Instead, they tell you to call your parents before you go under. Even though that's the last thing you want to do. Even though – and because – you're terrified.
- True friends are the ones who don't leave the hospital room when you're getting a catheter put in. Even though you ask them to. Even though – and because – you're terrified.
- True friends hold your hands while the anaesthesia seeps in.
- Those who've been injured before, been ill, will understand things others just can't, and it's important to keep them around…because they will bring you something – a book, poetry, yarn and needles, some homeopathic plants – for the pain. Oh, and the people who've been through something along that injury-illness spectrum? They will be the ones who will treat you as if you are not injured; they are the ones who will make you remember that you're still you.
- Moms can fly across the country so fast that it's like they've personally strapped on wings and skyrocketed through the air, never mind that they usually have to pop a few Xanax before takeoff.
- Doctors are amazing workers of magic. So are nurses. And physical therapists? They are resurrecturs of spirit.
- That surgical boot? It's the fucking sexiest thing you've ever put on your leg. If you don't believe that, shit's just gonna be really hard to deal with for a little bit.
- The next time you think that a person is going to save you in some way, remember that at the end of the day, it was your helmet and a whole team of healers that did. If that isn't a hushing of codependent thoughts, I don't know what is.
- Oh honey, oh honey, oh honey, be gentle. The physical gentleness will happen organically; it's sink or swim in the land of the injured, healing and casted. But the gentleness of the head and the heart? That won't. So you're going to have to make the extra effort for radical gentleness.
- Getting all sorts of help that included mind, body, spirit was the cocktail that saved my life.
- You need more nourishment, of every single sort. Your body is working in ways it never has before. It's rebuilding itself.
- Rome wasn't built in a day. And neither are bones.
- You can't go from zero to hero overnight. Service to others during a time like this will blissfully get you out of your own head, but take it slow.
- Sisters rise up to the occasion.
- You are your own best advocate. No one else will know that you need a blanket underneath a scarred knee in yoga class. Your stepmom won't know when an uphill walk is too challenging for you. This is the ultimate test of that thing you say or hear teachers say, "You know your body best." Even when it changes so radically, even when it breaks, even when it betrays you – especially when it betrays you – that is truth incarnate.
- Celebrate the small milestones. Because if you don't, no one will. Because if you don't mark progress like a child who gets sharpie on the wall when their height is measured, growth is too minute, too important, to see.
- This too shall pass. This too shall pass. This too shall pass.


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Anchor Katie Couric is stepping out from behind her news desk and into "Glee's" McKinley High.
Katie told "Extra's" Terri Seymour at The Hollywood Reporter's Power 100: Women in Entertainment Breakfast on Tuesday, that she's excited to film her "Glee" cameo. "It's gonna be a lot of fun," she said. "My 14-year-old finally thinks I'm a little cool."
Don't expect to see Couric busting out her jazz hands or singing a Broadway ballad -- she told Terri she's staying away from any display of vocal talent.
"I'm not gonna be singing, I want to set the record straight. Very little dancing. It's gonna be a bit part," she explained. "I don't want people to have these expectations that we can't wait to see her make a fool out of herself."
Hot List: "Glee" Stars Before They Were Famous
Catch Couric's "Glee" appearance on FOX's post-Super Bowl episode, Sunday, February 6, 2011.


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COLLEGE FOOTBALL: Texas Tech hires Johns as OC
LUBBOCK – Texas Tech head football coach Kliff Kingsbury announced on Tuesday that he has hired Kevin Johns as offensive coordinator and inside receivers coach.
Johns joins Texas Tech after spending the 2017 season as the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at Western Michigan and the three seasons before that in a similar role at Indiana. He replaces Eric Morris, who was hired as head football coach at Incarnate Word University.
"We're excited to have Coach Johns join our staff," Kingsbury said. "He has a tremendous record as one of the top offensive minds in college football, and I know he will be a great resource for our staff and players. We'd like to welcome him, his wife Krista and his three sons to Lubbock."
In his lone season at Western Michigan, Johns coordinated a balanced offense that ranked 25th nationally in scoring after averaging 33.9 points per game. The Broncos averaged 224.8 rushing yards per game on the ground, which ranked 21st in the country and second in the Mid-American Conference.
"It's a privilege to join the staff Coach Kingsbury has assembled," Johns said. "Texas Tech has long been known as one of the top offenses in the country, and it's an honor to work alongside Coach Kingsbury in continuing that tradition. I'm fortunate for the opportunity and can't wait to get started."
Johns made his way to Western Michigan following six seasons at Indiana (2011-16), the final three of which were spent as the primary offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach. He assisted with the wide receivers during all six seasons as well after arriving as a co-offensive coordinator in 2011.
The Hoosiers rewrote the school record book during his tenure as Indiana regularly ranked among the Big Ten's top offensive units. Indiana snapped 54 school records over his six seasons, including the single-season marks for points, total yards, passing yards and rushing yards.


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Challenging Rides - Know your cycling performance level
There will be some overlap with the moderate rides but these rides will include longer and steeper climbs as well as perhaps the Lake District's renowned mountain passes! Long climbs followed by steep descents are ridden at a faster and more consistent pace over longer distances. We stop occasionally to take in the views, fill our water bottles or for a coffee break.The mid route cafe stop will be a welcome break and a well deserved rest. These rides are for fit road cyclists where cycling is the major part of their sports regime. These can be ridden on E-Bikes but only with substantial cycling experience.
Challenging Cycling Rides
Britain's best bike ride or the Lakeland Loop.
Remember, every road cycle adventure is custom made for you, your family or your group.
Recommended hire bikes for these rides:
Britain's Best Bike Ride - The Lakeland Loop
This 40 mile cycling route around and through the Lake District has been voted the best ride in Britain. It was chosen by readers of Cycling Plus from a short list of 5 from the many routes submitted.
Lakes, Tarns, Passes and Fells
This is a truly spectacular adventure and a very testing ride that offers everything the Lake District is famous for including steep climbs and spectacular Lakeland scenery.
The Steeps of the South Lake District
A challenging road ride along the quiet lanes of South Lakeland with fantastic lake, mountain and Morecambe Bay views.


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Fiano di Avellino Bosco Satrano 2017
Shopbuy by the bottle possible
Orders ordered before 12:00NL within 48 Hours, BE & DE 2/3 days, UK in 4 days
Need Help?+31 70 - 358 4336 - We speak English
Payment?Safe with Ideal
Villa Riano was founded in 1996 by Sabino and Simone Basso. The winery sits on a hill that guards the Sabato river valley overlooking a unique landscape framed by chestnut forests and vineyards. Enologist Fortunato Sebastiano tends to the different Crus.
At Villa Raiano much emphasis is placed on the combination of grape and microclimate. The microclimate present is ideal. Because of the shelter of the mountains it is warm early in the spring. If you get a little higher on the slopes, there is a big difference between day and night temperature, ideal for the development of the grape.
White grape varieties, such as the Fiano di Avellino and the Greco di Tufo, have been planted on the higher vineyards. In the lower vineyards, the blue grapes such as Aglianico, the basis of the famous Taurasi wine, grow. "
The modern basement built in 2009 is partly underground. The grapes enter at the top and are pressed there. Then they go one floor lower for the fermentation. Eventually they come deep underground in the bottling plant. This way we never have to pump the wine by machine. And that ensures real quality gains. "
|in conversion to organic
|12,5 %
|DOCG Fiano di Avelino
|Campania Irpinia
|Match with
|as an aperitif with oysters, seafood salad, shellfish and haute cuisine fish dishes
|subtle notes of ripe fruit and flowers with hints of pear, apricot, citrus, roasted hazelnuts, acacia, hawthorn and honey
|Fiano di Avellino