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How to get to El Camino de Santiago from outside Europe
If you are coming to El Camino de Santiago from another continent maybe the best thing is to fly to Madrid or Barcelona and then travel by train or bus to reach St-Jean-Pied-de-Port which I explain below. Another option would be to fly to London, Paris, Frankfurt or Amsterdam and then take a connection flight to Madrid, Barcelona (Spain) or Biarritz (in the Southwest of France).
I recommend these airports because they are some of the biggest airports in Europe and they have airlines flying to nearly all the regions in the world. Although there are other smaller international airports in the south of France such as Pau Airport or Toulouse Airport and in the north of Spain such as Barcelona Girona, Bilbao or Victoria Airports that may suit to depending on your origin.
View Transport to the Camino in a larger map
How to get to El Camino de Santiago from Europe
If you are starting el Camino de Santiago in St-Jean-Pied-de-Port the best airport to fly is Biarritz airport in the south west of France, very close to Spain. Ryanair has low cost flights to Biarritz from Dublin, London Stansted, Birmingham, and Marseille, but if you are coming from a different part of Europe you can check in the airport website which airline suits best to you. Other airports near the starting poing of the Camino de Santiago are: in the south of France, Pau Airport or Toulouse Airport and in the north of Spain Barcelona, Girona, Bilbao or Victoria Airports.
Once you are in Biarritz airport you can take the bus from the airport to Bayonne (actually the airport is closer to Bayonne than to Biarritz) and then a train from Bayonne to St-Jean-Pied-de-Port. The journey by train will last for about an hour and it is an extremely nice journey since it runs along the north side of the Pyrenees and you can see very near the mountain range with its snowy peaks and its green slopes. Check the TER web site for timetables and fares for the train from Bayonne to St. Jean Pied de Port.
If you come from continental Europe you can also reach St-Jean-Pied-de-Port travelling by train. Check the French rail SNCF website for timetables, fares and connections.
If you come from Spain or you have flu to Madrid or Barcelona airports it is very easy to reach Pamplona which is a Camino major city and capital of the region of Navarra. It is situated in the third stage of el Camino de Santiago very near to the Pyrenees.
How to get to El Camino de Santiago from Spain
You can travel to Pamplona from Madrid, Barcelona or many other places of Spain by train or bus. Check the RENFE (Spanish National Rail Company) website for timetables, routes and fares. The train from Madrid to Pamplona takes around 3 hours and it is very comfortable and its price is around 50 euro.
However, note that if you book the train online more than 15 days in advance you can get the Tarifa Web (Web Fare) with a 60% of discount or more than 7 days in advance with the Tarifa Estrella (Star Fare) with a 40% of discount. Furthermore, you can also book it online within the previous 24 hours and get the Tarifa de Ultima de Hora (Last Minute Fare) with a 50% of discount. But these discounts are subject to a maximum number of places so it is not assured that you can always get them.
You can also travel by bus to Pamplona from many cities and towns of Spain. Usually it is not as comfortable and fast as the train but a bit cheaper (it takes about 5 hours from Madrid to Pamplona and cost around 27 euro). Check the bus companies websites for routes, timetables and fares.
Once in Pamplona it is not so easy to reach St-Jean-Pied-de-Port. There are no train lines crossing the border line to St-Jean-Pied-de-Port (since St-Jean is a really small village) and therefore it is a common practice to take a bus from Pamplona to the little village of Roncesvalles and then share a taxi from Roncesvalles to St. Jean Pied de Port with other pilgrims which will be very handy and not very expensive. So don't be shy and even if you are coming alone, once in Roncesvalles when you see other pilgrims just arrived ask them if they are interested in sharing a taxi. However, lately we have been informed that there is a new bus route by Conda running between Pamplona and St-Jean-Pied-de-Port especially for pilgrims:
The bus service operates in 2015:
10:00 AM (1st June – 30th September)
12:00 PM (20th June – 5th September)
14:30 PM (1st March – 2nd November)
17:30 PM (1st April – 2nd November)
The bus leaves from the main bus station in Pamplona and costs €22.
Tickets can be ordered from Conda's web site or can be bought at the main bus station of Pamplona. More info: http://www.conda.es/
Another option is taking a train or a bus from Madrid (or wherever you come from) to San Sebastian which is a big and extremelly beautiful city of the Basque Country very near the border with France. Then, from San Sebastian is very easy to reach Bayonne either by bus (that costs just around 7 euro and takes 90 min.) or by train. Once in Bayonne, there is a direct train line that takes you to St. Jean Pied de Port. The train takes 1 hour and costs around 7 euro and the journey is very pleasant since you can see the Pyrenees.Check the TER web site for timetables and fares.
If it is too difficult for you to reach St-Jean-Pied-de-Port you could also consider to start el Camino de Santiago in Roncesvalles, which is the second village on the Camino and the first in Spain. It is a very historic Camino de Santiago village with a great medieval pilgrims hospital and it is also a traditional starting point for the Camino. There is a bus line from Pamplona to Roncesvalles so just go to the Pamplona bus station in the city centre and ask when the next bus to Roncesvalles is due.
Other starting points for El Camino de Santiago
As I have already said other times, there is not a fixed starting point for the Camino de Santiago. You can start it from wherever you want, any small village along the Camino is a potential starting point. Feel free to choose your starting point depending on the time you have to do it and the places you are more interested to walk through. Visit our pages for planning el Camino de Santiago and the Camino de Santiago Stages for more help.
I will just give some information about other common starting points and how to reach them from Spain.
- Pamplona is also a common starting point for el Camino de Santiago. It is a big city very easy to reach on the 3rd stage of el Camino. Check the train and bus websites for timetables and fares.
- Logrono, in La Rioja, is a good starting point for el Camino de Santiago if you want to save a week of walking. It is a very big city very easy to reach. Check the train and bus websites for timetables and fares.
- Burgos is one of the monumental capitals of el Camino de Santiago with one of the most impressive cathedrals in the world. If you start there you can save nearly two weeks of walking. Very easy to reach.
- Carrion de los Condes is an important historic town in el Camino de Santiago. It is also easy enough to reach by bus and it is approximately the middle point in el Camino de Santiago. Check the bus website for timetables and fares.
- Leon is another important monumental city in el Camino de Santiago and another very common place to start if you have around 10 or 15 days to do the walk. It is 300 km from Santiago de Compostela and the landscape from then onwards is breathtaking. Very easy to reach by bus. Check the bus website for timetables and fares.
- Ponferrada is big town in el Camino de Santiago with a big new albergue and a knights templar's castle. It is around 200 km from Santiago so very appropriate if you have 8-10 days for el Camino de Santiago. Easy to reach by bus. Check the bus website for timetables and fares.
- Finally, another very common starting point to the pilgrimage is Sarria, a small town in Galicia. It is around 100 km from Santiago de Compostela and it is so popular because it is the last village from where you can walk enough to get theCompostela in Santiago's cathedral. The Compostela is a document issued by the Catholic Church that certifies that you have walked unless the last 100 km to Santiago de Compostela and it has a high religious significance.
To finish, I also want to note that the Santander and Valladolid Airports can be a very good option if you are flying from Europe and want to start el Camino de Santiago in a middle point between Logrono and Leon. Ryanair flies to Santander and Valladolid very cheap and from there you can get a bus to your starting point. See the site of the Spanish airports to check all the routes and destinations.
Coming back from El Camino de Santiago
There is an airport in Santiago de Compostela from where Ryanair flies to some European airports and to many others Spanish airports. If there is not a direct flight from Santiago de Compostela to your hometown I would recommend to fly from Santiago de Compostela to Madrid or Barcelona or other Spanish cities with Ryanair which will usually be very cheap even in summer and then check for flights from there to your city. Should you need to book accomodation once you have finished el Camino de Santiago for the nights before your flight you can have a look at where to stay in Santiago de Compostela for more information.
You can also travel to Madrid by bus or train although it will be a very long journey (around 7 or 8 hours). Check the train and bus websites for timetables and fares. Otherwise you could also flight back to Europe from Santander or Valladolid.


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As you know, on February 17th, all analog television signals will be turned off in favor of digital. I know you know this, because if you've been alive and watching T.V. for the past year, you can't miss the incessant running of PSAs trumpeting this new age of television broadcasting.
You know what part of the switch I'm looking forward to the most? The fact that we won't have to hear about the upcoming switch anymore. The PSAs are so condescending – they treat people like idiots. Although, according to recent news, a lot of people are unprepared or confused, so perhaps the hand-holding is warranted.
Morah and I bought our converter boxes back in November (and I was able to set it up without having to be told how by a news anchor, thank you very much). At that point in time, I was impressed by the clarity of the image. Now, however, I'm often unable to get a clear signal at all.
The first hiccup came with the cold weather. I assumed that the heavy snow was interfering with the broadcast. As the snow let up, the reception improved. Further fueling my suspicion is that fact that it has been quite foggy in Spokane lately, and once again the reception has been poor. In fact, a couple of nights ago, it got so bad that we gave up and decided not to watch T.V. at all.
I grabbed the remote controls for the converter box and television to turn them off. I didn't consciously decide to turn the converter box off first; I just happened to be holding its remote control in my right hand. When I did, it kicked into analog pass-through mode.
The signal came in perfectly.
Whereas the digital image had been littered with artifacts, the analog signal was generally free from blemished. The digital audio had come through intermittently, but the analog audio was clear and continuous.
If digital reception is going to be determined by the weather, maybe I'll take my converter boxes back, get my money back, and stop watching television altogether.0 People like this. Be the first!

subset: commoncrawl


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This morning the kiddos and I began our Halloween celebration with a breakfast of dark hot chocolate and pumpkin bread and a viewing of the 1954 classic "Creature from the Black Lagoon." Katie liked the film and wanted me to play the role of the creature, grabbing at her ankles.
A little while later we went outside, took a wagon ride around the yard, pumpkin bowled, and danced to some of our Halloween playlist: "Monster Mash," "Bad Moon Rising," the Ghostbusters theme, "Zombie" and others.
Then we called Nana to wish her a Happy Halloween and to thank her for Katie's birthday gifts. Katie loves her children's sewing machine from Nana, which she has been using with her sewing basket and supplies from us.
Close to naptime, we went upstairs and all snuggled and read in Katie's bed. Eric got sleepy, and after I put him down, Katie and I ate lunch, finished "Ramona the Pest," and started on our Lego set of the Hogwarts Castle (from Amie and Boppa).
This is Katie's first big girl Lego set. We worked on the first package of pieces today. She is growing comfortable with interpreting he schematics, and she loves to build. We take it slowly, and we plan to leave it up on the table for awhile, a work in progress…
Later in the afternoon, we carved our Halloween pumpkin:
Katie said she wanted it to be scary this year, so I did my best! We usually have happy pumpkins around here, so it was fun to try something different!
For dinner, I made our traditional jack-o-lantern quesadillas:
The cheese always gets a little crispy where it peeks through the carved tortilla. We had carrot sticks and peas and chicken with these. Both kiddos ate well, so they were ready for candy!
Costume time!
Eric walked up to the door for his candy, though he wanted his stroller about halfway through our trick or treating. There were a handful of really incredible houses this year, and I feel inspired to "go scary" next year. When she returned to the house, Katie explained to my mom (Mom and Bill stayed at our house to pass out candy) that one of the houses had green lots and scary noises coming from it. My mom asked her if she went up to it and Katie replied, "No, it looked too forbidding." Thank you, Harry Potter series, for our augmented vocabulary! We did go up to a few scary ones, though, and I was most impressed. I remember those years when my parents went all-out. So fun.
Afterwards, we sorted, checked, and delighted in sampling our candy. On Halloween, for us, there is no limit to the sampling except by the clock and bedtime. Eric tried his first Halloween candy, a Milky Way:
Then it was time for mulled apple cider, warm on the stove, pajamas, cuddles, a couple Halloween storybooks, and bed!
A festive day all around! Happy Halloween to everyone!
– Posted using BlogPress from my iPad


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So I had a serious case of the Mondays today. Mondays are generally not a happy day for me. It means back to work after the weekend, it means five full days of work unless I use a personal or sick day. This Monday was particularly painful. I had to go to a meeting this morning at 10:00. Meetings on Monday morning at 10:00 aren't typically a good idea. People are still trying to wake up, digest their coffee, just generally get used to the fact that it really is Monday and that we really are back at work. So this meeting pretty much threw my day into a tailspin. You know, one of those days where you feel like you are going and going, but you nothing gets accomplished. Then I had another meeting at 4 that was a follow up to the morning one....way to start and end the day. The only good things about this Monday--the fact that its almost over, the fact that Dancing With the Stars and The Hills is on, and that it brings me one day closer to the weekeknd! On tap for the weekend... Peggy, Roger, and Sandy are coming home which means bonfire and beer which makes me estatically happy and Drovers, which makes me even happier! Love me some bonfires, beer, Drovers and most importantly my friends!
Monday, November 05, 2007
Case of the Mondays
Posted by Mandy at Monday, November 05, 2007
Case of the Mondays
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Get Auto Financing With Any Credit
We match borrowers with any credit history to lenders.
- Bad Credit
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Get Started
Kirks Auto Sales
1107 Old US Highway 1 S
Southern Pines, North Carolina, 28387
You can rest assured that you will be in very good hands when you visit Kirks Auto Sales. We have an excellent and experienced staff here to meet every need of yours; and to make sure when you leave our lot, you have the ideal car and payment for your spending budget. With lots of cars to choose from, we will find the perfect car to match your price range. All of your used car needs can be handled at Kirks Auto Sales. Kirks Auto Sales can get the vehicle you want. So come check out Kirks Auto Sales of Southern Pines at 1107 Old US Highway 1 S, Southern Pines, North Carolina 28387 and allow us to help you get the car of your dreams.


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NEEAP stands for National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP)
It aims at strengthening the role of the public sector to enhance the provision of information and advice to end-users and consumers. The NEEAP also sets the guidelines and steps to reach national energy conservation goals.
The NEEAP of Lebanon was developed by the Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation in October 2010 after it was called upon in the first point of the strategic initiative 6 of the "Policy Paper for the Electricity Sector" announced by the Lebanese Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW) and approved by the Lebanese Government on 21 June 2010.
The NEEAP of Lebanon includes 14 initiatives and is developed in accordance with the different points mentioned in the declaration of the Lebanese Government of 2009 relating to energy efficiency and renewable energy, namely the set strategic target of 12% renewable energy by 2020.
The 14 initiatives are:
1. Initiative 1: Towards Banning the Import of Incandescent Lamps to Lebanon
This initiative aims at banning the import of incandescent lamps to Lebanon and spread the use of Compact Fluorescent Lamps, an effective energy efficient source of light. This initiative has an ultimate goal to promote the widespread of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
2. Initiative 2: Adoption of the Energy Conservation Law and Institutionalization of the Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation (LCEC) as the National Agency for Lebanon
The purpose of this initiative is to adopt an energy conservation law for Lebanon, including the institutionalization of the LCEC.
3. Initiative 3: Promotion of Decentralization Power Generation by PV and Wind Applications in the Residential and Commercial Sectors
This initiative encourages the residential and commercial uses of wind energy and solar photovoltaic system.
4. Initiative 4: Solar Water Heaters for Buildings and Institutions
Promoting the use of solar water heaters mainly in residential sector and facilitate the installation of 190,000 m2 of solar collectors by 2014 in order to reach an ultimate goal of 1.05 million square meters of total installations by 2020.
5. Initiative 5: Design and implementation of a national strategy for efficient and economic public street Lighting in Lebanon
The design and implementation of a national strategy for public street lighting in order to offer safe and energy efficient lighting with a monitoring, control and maintenance procedure.
6. Initiative 6: Electricity Generation from Wind Power
To promote the generation of electricity through the use of wind energy.
7. Initiative 7: Electricity Generation from Solar Energy
Develop and promote the generation of Photovoltaic and Concentrated Solar Power farms.
8. Initiative 8: Hydro Power for Electricity Generation
Encourage and promote the use of Hydropower to produce electricity.
9. Initiative 9: Geothermal, Waste to Energy, and Other Technologies
Reducing waste and benefit from waste to energy conservation techniques in addition to the geothermal power to produce electricity.
10. Initiative 10: Building Code for Lebanon
Develop energy efficient code for new buildings and major retrofits in Lebanon.
11. Initiative 11: Financing Mechanisms and Incentive
Provide proper financing mechanism in order to promote the use of energy efficiency and renewable energy.
12. Initiative 12: Awareness and Capacity Building
Raise public awareness and build the capacity of all stakeholders working in the energy efficient and renewable energy sector.
13. Initiative 13: Paving the Way for Energy Audit and ESCO Business
Support the development of Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) working in the energy audit business and provide them with the needed financial and technical incentives to be able to promote auditing as well as implementation activities.
14. Initiative 14: Promotion of Energy Efficient Equipment
Promote the use of energy efficient equipment in households and other commercial buildings by focusing on electrical equipment and establishing a national energy efficiency standard.
It is important to note that Lebanon's NEEAP is a dynamic document, meaning that LCEC is and will keep updating the document periodically to reflect policy changes and actual developments as they occur.
The Lebanese NEEAP is developed according to the requirements of the League of Arab States (Arab Energy Efficiency Framework) with the support of the EU-funded MED-ENEC and MED-EMIP projects. In addition, the role of the Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE) was important in the development of the document.
Nationally, the development of the NEEAP was supported all the way by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). In addition, the following partners played an essential role in the development and review of the NEEAP: Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW), Electricité du Liban (EDL), Lebanese Standards Institute (Libnor), Industrial Research Institute (IRI), Ministry of Finance, Central Bank of Lebanon (BDL), Ministry of Environment, Energy Committee at the Lebanese Parliament, SWH importers/ manufacturers/ installers, and the UNDP CEDRO project. Other active organizations are also involved in the development of the NEEAP: Order of Engineers and Architects in Beirut, Lebanese Solar Energy Society (LSES), and Lebanon Green Building Council (LGBC).


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Following is the Sonoma County Permit and Resource Management Department website
featuring information about the county Vacation Rental Ordinance.
Excerpt from County Code Page:
- Purpose. This section provides requirements and standards for the operation of vacation rentals. These standards are intended to ensure that vacation rentals are compatible with and do not adversely impact surrounding residential and agricultural uses.
- Applicability. The provisions of the section shall apply to all vacation rentals except where there is a primary owner in residence. This section does not apply to legally established Hosted Rentals or Bed and Breakfast Inns, which are ….


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Evening of One Act Plays coming in April
Several CSU-Pueblo students will have their short plays performed April 16-17. Auditions were held this week and rehearsals begin soon for the six productions that will be featured. The Today will have more information soon about the schedule and location for performances.
The One Act Play from CSU-Pueblo TODAY on Vimeo.
Categories: Blog Posts, Evening of One Act Plays, Features, Videos


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Spring Recipes
Collection by Closet Cooking • Last updated 12 weeks ago
Recipes to enjoy in Spring!
Spinach and Artichoke Pasta Salad
A cool and creamy spinach and artichoke pasta salad that's perfect for summer!
Lemon and Dill Butter Garlic Chicken and Asparagus - Closet Cooking
Pan seared butter-garlic chicken and asparagus in a tasty lemon and dill sauce!
Strawberry Sour Cream Bread - Closet Cooking
A quick and easy strawberry bread filled with plenty of strawberries and topped with a fresh strawberry glaze.
Lemon and Feta Grilled Asparagus - Closet Cooking
Smoky grilled asparagus in a light and fresh lemon and feta vinaigrette.
Lemon and Feta Vinaigrette - Closet Cooking
A fresh vinaigrette with lemon, feta, honey, dijon and oregano.
Chicken Shawarma Quinoa Tabbouleh Salad Bowls
A quinoa tabbouleh salad topped with chicken shawarma in a light and tasty tahini dressing!
Korean Style Grilled Flank Steak
Quick and easy Korean style, bulgogi, flank steak grilled to perfection!
Chickpea, Spinach and Herb Stew
A chickpea and spinach stew with turmeric, cayenne, lemon and plenty of fresh herbs.
Reina Pepiada Arepa (Chicken and Avocado Sandwich)
Reina pepiada arepa, aka Venezuelan chicken and avocado sandwiches where crispy, light and fluffy cornmeal buns are stuffed with a tasty avocado chicken salad!
BELT (Bacon Egg Lettuce Tomato) Sandwich
BLT (aka Bacon Lettuce and Tomato) sandwiches combined with egg salad sandwiches to create a glorious new sandwich that is even better!
Mexican Stuffed Peppers
Mexican themed stuffed peppers with taco seasoned beef, quinoa, beans, corn, tomatoes and plenty of melted cheese!
Jerk Chicken and Pineapple Sandwiches with Coconut Slaw
Spicy grilled jerk chicken sandwiches with pineapple and a creamy and tangy coconut slaw!
Grilled Asparagus in Lemon Maple Tahini with Tomatoes and Cucumbers
Smokey grilled asparagus in a tasty tahini sauce with lemon and maple along with fresh diced tomatoes and cucumbers!
Thai Grilled Steak Salad
Thinly sliced Thai marinated steak, in a light and fresh salad with a tasty peanut dressing!
Cocoa Crusted Steak with Shishito Peppers
Pan seared steaks seasoned in a cocoa (aka chocolate), chipotle and coffee seasoning with a side of blistered shishito peppers!
Cod in a Tomato Lemon Butter Sauce
Cod in a Tomato Lemon Butter Sauce Recipe : A quick and easy, light and healthy cod in a tomato, lemon, butter and garlic sauce with plenty of fresh herbs.


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'Can You Escape' Joins the Top Free Android Apps List
Can You Escape joins the top free Android app this week at No. 9, according to research from Google Play. The game from MobiGrow challenges players to solve puzzles in order to break out of rooms.
Below, we've listed the top free Android apps of the week. The list links to Google Play's research about the individual apps, including user reviews.
As part of Mediabistro's Media App Summit which took place last year, we spotlight the top free apps every week–helping our readers discover, enjoy and analyze successful content.
Top Free Android Apps of the Week
3. Pandora
4. Instagram
5. Despicable Me
6. Vine
8. What's the Phrase? Free
10. Skype


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This page describes the architecture of Yona.
High level overview
On network level, this is how it looks like:
Initial support is limited to mobile devices. These devices will access the internet through a VPN tunnel that is terminated on the web traffic classification server (SmoothWall). The server will not filter, in the sense of blocking sites, but just classify the sites. This classification will happen for HTTP and HTTPS traffic, see this page. The requests will be passed on to the target web server. For requests that in categories of interest to Yona, the classification server will post a message on a queue to the Yona server. The Yona server is responsible for maintaining the user and buddy administration and to inform users about events that conflict the goals defined by the users. The Yona app on the device interacts with the Yona server to see buddy events and everything supported by Yona.
Subsequent sections zoom in on the app, the web traffic classification server and the Yona server.
Mobile App
The mobile app is the only user interface provided for Yona. There are no plans to provide a web site. The mobile app has the following high level responsibilities:
- Provide the user interface for all features provided to Yona users
- Configure the VPN connection
- Reconnect the VPN in case it disconnects
- Send a request to the Yona server to inform the buddy in case:
- The user uninstalls
- The user disables the app
- The user disables or otherwise hampers the VPN connection
The app generates and stores a key in the secret storage of the app, that is required for all interactions with the server.
Web traffic classification server
The heart of this server is SmoothWall. This product is commonly used for web filtering. For Yona, it will be deployed as a classification server. The SmoothWall server provides us with the following features:
- VPN server
- Classification engine
- Man-in-the-middle proxy for HTTPS servers. See this page.
Every request passed through the filter engine is logged in the DansGuardian log. Given the constraints of the Linux OS of the SmoothWall server, we will use a Perl script to filter the events that are of relevance to Yona and post these on the queue to the Yona server. The log file (
access.log) is normally written in a file. Instead of the file, we will create a named pipe and have the Perl script read from it. See an example log file parser here. The named pipe approach is chosen for two reasons: it is a very efficient mechanism that does not required disk reads/writes and it prevents from storing sensitive data.
The Perl script will read all SmoothWall log events and match them with a list of Yona-relevant web site categories. If the category is relevant, a message with the relevant data is posted on the queue to the Yona server. Otherwise, the message is discarded.
Yona server
The Yona server is responsible for:
- Providing the web services that back the mobile app
- Administration of users and buddy relationship
- Producing notifications in case users access websites that conflict their objectives
Security model
Given the objective of Yona to help people that "do the very thing they hate" (Romans 7:15), the system by nature stores sensitive information, so security is a prime concern. For an overview of the various design alternatives considered, consult the page Flow - Register a goal conflict. These are the design goals:
- Private information about a user (buddies, goals, devices, messages from buddies, messages about goal conflicts, etc.) should be inaccessible to everyone, including those that have administrative access to the systems
- It should be impossible to build a quantitative understanding of how well a user acts against his own goals, even when having administrative access to the systems
The server design uses a combination of public-key encryption and symmetric-key encryption to accomplish these goals. Symmetric-key encryption is used to encrypt all private information of the user: buddies, goals, devices, etc. Public-key encryption is used to implement a secure messaging system to deliver messages from buddies and messages from the web traffic classification. Every user has two "message boxes", comparable to a classic mailbox with lock:
Everyone can drop a message in the box, but you need the key to take a message out of it. Every user has two of these. One is publicly linked to the user account, so it's technically possible to send a message to a user if their identity is known. The other message box is linked indirectly and used for messages related to web traffic. When a user is provisioned, a VPN account is created for them. The user name of this VPN account is a UUID (named accessor ID) that cannot be linked to a user, Through their private key, the user knows what their accessor ID. but without that private key, that link cannot be established. This can be depicted as follows:
The server maintains a little bit of unencrypted user information: their name, mobile number and a reference to their public message box. The other information is encrypted with the key that is stored on in the secure storage of the device (e.g. Android non-exported content provider). This encrypted data includes the buddy relationships, the defined goals and two private keys to access the two message boxes. Writing into the message boxes can be done through the public key (not depicted, to prevent confusion). For reading, the private key is required, which is part of the encrypted data of the user. The message box for direct messages is linked from the public data of the user, so given a user, it is possible to find the direct message box. The sole purpose of the direct message box is to be able to send an buddy connect request to a user.
The anonymous message box is linked from the private data of the user, so only the user "knows" their anonymous message box. Besides this, the anonymous message box is also linked to the so-called user-anonymized entity, which carries the same ID as the VPN user name. Thus the analysis engine (see below) knows where to post messages when a goal conflict is detected for a given VPN account. Once the buddy relationship is established, all inter-buddy messages go through the anonymous message box.
See Encryption approach for a more indepth description.
Layered architecture
The Yona server has a simple layered architecture:
- REST. This layer exposes the RESTful API used by the mobile app. Follows HATEOAS and HAL (see primer here) to provide an efficient and convenient RESTful API. This layer is implemented through Spring HATEOAS.
- Services. The services are independent of the access technology (today REST, yesterday SOAP) and enable creating users, finding goals, etc. Services define the transaction boundaries and can depend on one another to fulfill their task. The services layer take Data Transfer Objects (DTOs) as inputs and outputs. These DTOs are annotated with Jackson annotations, so the REST layer can directly return the DTOs. The services layer is implemented with the Spring Framework.
- Entities. The entities layer hosts the domain model and the repositories. The implementation technology is JPA and Spring Data.
Domain model
To make the domain model somewhat comprehensible, it is described based on multiple class diagrams that cover subsets of the model. All diagrams use the same graphical convention:
- Orange: encrypted with the Yona password stored on the device
- Magenta: encrypted through public/private key encryption
- Black: not encrypted. This holds anonymous information that cannot be related to identified users, but users can find the data that belongs to them, by decrypting the associations. The exception to this is the
Userentity. That is not encrypted but contains identifieable information: the user name and the e-mail address. This is not encrypted because users need to be able to send a buddy connect request to other users. This information is not exposed through the web APIs. If the system gets hacked, an intruder would be able to fetch a list of names and phone numbers. This is not considered sensitive, as that is also available from public directories.
User with buddies and goals
The below diagram shows the heart of the domain model: users with buddies and goals.
The orange texts and associations represent data that is encrypted with the key stored inside the app. The magenta texts and associations represent message related data that is encrypted through the private key of the message box containing them.
Here is a short description of every class, in a somewhat logical order:
User. This is the heart of the domain model. It contains the so-called public information of the user. It's called public because it can be accessed without the key of that user. The linked
MessageDestinationrepresents the user's direct message box. The user owns a
UserPrivateinstance containing the private user data. This is optional. In case a user sends a buddy request to a person that is not known in the system yet, then only the
Userobject will already be created, so the connect request message can be stored for that user and the buddy-to-be can be linked to the requesting user.
UserPrivate. This is the second piece of user data. Everything in this object is encrypted with the password/key stored in the app. It compositely owns the two message boxes, the buddies of this user and the anonymized user data.
UserAnonymized. This is the third piece of user data. This information is not encrypted and thus accessible to the analysis engine. The information in this object and the ones associated with it cannot be related to a user without the password/key stored in the app. The ID of this object is also the login ID of the user on the VPN. It maintains associations with: the anonymous destination of this user, their anonymized buddy information and their goals.
Buddy. An object of this class represents another user as buddy for the user owning this instance. I.e. if Richard Quinn requests Bob Dunn to become his buddy, then Richard will own a
Buddyinstance representing Bob to him. If Bob accepts that request, then he will own another
Buddyobject representing Richard to him. Richard's
Buddyinstance, actually the
BuddyAnonymizedobject owned by it, (representing Bob) will have the
NotRequested. On Bob's side, the sending and receiving status are reversed. This implies that Bob will receive messages when Richard does things conflicting with his goals, while Richard does not receive such messages for Bob. In general usage patterns, the buddy relationship is symmetrical, but that that is implemented in the app: that will automatically request the revers relationship when a user accepts a buddy request. The
Buddyobject has associations with: the
Userof the buddy and their goals. Besides this, it compositely owns a
BuddyAnonymized. This is the other half of buddy information. This information is not encypted and thus accessible to the analysis engine. The information in this object and the ones associated with it cannot be related to a user without the password/key stored in the app. It contains the status (whether information is to be sent to/received from) this buddy and it maintains an association with the anonymized user.
ActivityCategory. A type of activity (e.g. Multimedia, Gaming, Adult content) for which the user can define a goal.
Goal. A goal defined by the user, specialized as:
BudgetGoal. the user has assigned themselves a certain amount of time for this activity category.
TimeZoneGoal. The user has defined one or more blocks of time in which the want to do this category of activities.
MessageSource. The message box mentioned in the text above is implemented in two classes:
MessageDestination. The
MessageSourceallows fetching messages while decrypting them with the embedded private key. It holds a
MessageDestination. A
MessageDestinationallows sending message to that message box, while encrypting them with the embedded public key. It holds a collection of
Message. This is the base class for all messages. It holds an (encrypted) association with the related anonymized user and provides the encryption API.
NewDeviceRequest. An instance of this type is created when the user wants to add another device to their account. This object temporarily holds the Yona password of the user (which is normally never stored on the server), encrypted with a temporary password.
ConfirmationCode. Several user actions require a confirmation code, sent by SMS.
IntervalActivity. Base type for day and week activities. See below for more information.
Users with buddies and buddy messages
The domain model contains a considerable set of different message types:
GoalConflictMessage. The analysis engine issues a message of this type when it detects that a user visited a web site that conflicts with the goals set for that user. This message has an association with the conflicted goal.
BuddyMessage. Base type for all messages sent by a buddy. It contains an association to the user sending the message, a textual message (currently not used by the app) and the nickname of the user sending the message.
DisclosureRequestMessage. Sent when a buddy requests disclosure of the URL causing a goal conflict message.
DisclosureResponseMessage. Sent as response to the disclosure request message, indicating whether or not the buddy is allowed to see the URL.
BuddyDisconnectMessage. Sent when a user wants to break the buddy relationship. The reason to break the relationship (disconnect or remove user account) is part of the message.
BuddyConnectMessage. This is the base class for the buddy connect request and response messages. It holds an association to the involved buddy object.
BuddyConnectRequestMessage. If a user requests someone to become their buddy, this message is added to the direct messages of that user. It contains a set of data that is private to the requesting user, which is now shared to the buddy-to-be. The data in the base class currently suffices.
BuddyConnectResponseMessage. If the user accepts a buddy request, a message of this type is returned to the requestor. It carries information that is private to the new buddy, as well as information that is required to process the connect response correctly. The data in the base class currently suffices.
BuddyInfoChangeMessage. Sent to all buddies when a user changes their personal data. The new nickname is carried inside the message. The other information is already available to the user.
GoalChangeMessage. Sent to all buddies when a user changes their goals (add new one, or change or delete existing one). It references the activity category of the goal being added/changed/deleted.
ActivityCommentMessage. Users can comment on the activities of their buddies (see next section).
User with buddies and activities
A key objective of the Yona application is to keep track of the time users spend on various activities. The below diagram focuses on that.
IntervalActivity. The base type for activities aggregated by day or week.
WeekActivity. Activities aggregated by week. The values in the base type apply to the entire week. This class acts as composite parent for the day activities.
DayActivity. Activities aggregated by day. The values in the base type apply to this particular day. This class acts as composite parent for the individual activities.
Activity. An instance of this class denotes a particular activity (e.g. YouTube from 14:05 till 14:37).
These classes capture the information that is returned through the activity reports. More on that is available on the page Design change to capture app activity. That page also provides background information on the evolution of the design.
Various entities carry type stamps. A goal for instance has a creation time and an optional end time, an activity has a start and end time, etc. The convention is that all times are in UTC, except for activities. The design aims to support users that travel through different time zones. To enable that, the entities
IntervalActivity and
Activity carry a time zone. The start and end of day or week is thus time zone specific.
Cluster architecture
Yona consists of 4 different services with different purposes:
- App service – This is the sole point of contact for the app, providing all backing functions for it.
- Analysis service – This service analyses the activities of the user and depending on the activity and the goals of the user creates entries in the activity log and/or sends messages to the user and their buddies. These activities are passed on to this service by either the Perl script on the Smoothwall server (in case of network activities) or the app service (in case of app activities)
- Batch service – Runs scheduled tasks and longer running tasks. Longer running tasks can be triggered by the app service and the admin service.
- Admin service – This is the point of contact for administrative access to Yona. This service exposes a rudimentary web UI.
The relationships between the services can be depicted as follows:
All Yona services use the same database schema and they share a cache, synchronized through Hazelcast. Communication between the services (e.g. from the app service to the analysis service or the batch service) is always through HTTP.
To prevent concurrency issues, the requests of a single user cannot be spread over multiple instances of the analysis service. In case of a multinode cluster, we will need to have a load balancer in front of all services (to take care of load balancing and fail over) and in case of the analysis service, sticky sessions are needed. This is visualized in the below diagram:
Note that the admin service talks to the batch service, so that should also be linked to the middle load balancer, but that's omitted from the diagram to prevent too much clutter.
9 Comments
Hi Bert,
As I am new to the Yona community, I hope you don't mind if I open discussion about architecture. But it is better to do so before starting coding . My remarks are the proposed Security model. The design goals formulated behind this are:
- "Private information about a user (buddies, goals, devices, messages from buddies, messages about goal conflicts, etc.) should be inaccessible to everyone, including those that have administrative access to the systems"
- "It should be impossible to build a quantitative understanding of how well a user acts against his own goals, even when having administrative access to the systems"
If I understand them correctly they may be formulated as a single goal: "As Yona architect I want that nobody (including administrators) can access personal data associated to users, because their privacy has to be protected." If this is right, I think an alternative architecture may be considered in which you separate PII data (data with which you can identify a real world user) and non-PII data. PII data in this case includes:
- first name
- last name
- nickname (will contain user real names/abbreviations)
- personal message texts (will contain user real names)
- example URLs (they MIGHT contain a user name, although more often not than so)
So the alternative architecture could be to encrypt the PII data only. In the proposed architecture above there is PII data that is not encrypted (first name and last name of the User) and there is non-PII data that is encrypted because it can be linked to PII data. However if you encrypt (or separate and encrypt the link to) PII data only, this is sufficient to meet the privacy design goal. Some advantages of solving it in this way:
- It is impossible to see even which users are users of the app (so you cannot as administrator make a list of user first and last names, which is already private in my opinion)
- The system will still enable to do lots of advanced things with non-PII data, like analysing in which parts te app works well and in which parts it doesn't
- The 'Accessor' class is no longer necessary which contains duplicate data and is a little technical in my opinion
- The architecture may be more flexible
Anyway, this is just an idea we should maybe discuss and which you can think about.
This is an interesting idea. I'm not entirely in favor of it, but see some good opportunities to simplify the design. Let me explain what I'm not in favor of. For the aspects I like, I'll get back with an improved/simplified design picture for your feedback.
Your idea of making all PII data encrypted would bring several drawbacks:
- It would not be possible anymore to send a buddy request as an in-app message, as the user could not be found anymore. All such requests would need to go through SMS and perhaps WhatsApp in a later stage.
- We would not be able to communicate with users, as we have no clue at all who they are
- We have no way to see whether they mistakenly register with the same number on a second device rather than adding a device to their account
Furthermore, I don't think it's an issue to have first name/last name/mobile number as unencrypted information, for the following reasons:
- This information is not publicly available. There is an API to fetch this information, but that only provides data when the (random!) UUID of that user is known. There is no accessible API to iterate the users.
- The information is not sensitive. Membership of Yona does not imply anything. One could be there to test the system, to help someone or to be helped. If a hacker would gain access to this table, it would at best be a phone directory.
Given this, I favor keeping that part of the PII unencrypted. As said I'll get back with a different design for the other aspects that you table.
All today's comments by System Administrator are mine. Sorry for logging in with the wrong account.
Design alternative, based on ideas contributed by Aris van Dijk:
Changes in comparison to the current design:
- The association from
UserEncryptedis now encrypted, so one cannot see which
UserEncryptedbelongs to which
User. This needs a special code change (which would anyway be good). Currently, the initialization vector is stored with every encrypted property. This consumes unnecessary space and, relevant for the issue we talk about here, allows correlating information, as the same initialization vector is used in different objects.
- Given that it's unclear which user we talk about, we can stop encrypting several associations::
- From
- From
- From
- From
- From
- The anonymous
MessageDestinationof the user is now linked from the
UserEncrypted, as plain text. GIven that it's impossible to derive what user we're talking about, that is not an issue.
- With this, the class
UserEncryptedcan take over all responsibilities of
- It knows the goals (plain text).
- It knows the message destination of the user (plain text)
- It knows the message destination of each buddy (plain text)
If I leave all classes on their original place, the following picture results:
It's hard to see that all three conflict messages associate to
UserEncrypted. I think it's fair to assume that all messages have a related user, so we can move that association into
Messageand visualize that as a structured interface. After moving things around, and renaming
UserAnonymized, the following picture arises:
This is a lot simpler and as far as I can see still as secure.
Aris van Dijk, Ron van der Wijngaard & Rine le Comte: please try to find any gaps. If there are none, we can update the design on the page and go with this simplification.
When I'm not mistaken, you're describing the design picture of my previous comment. The three big orange classes are encrypted through public key encryption. The orange properties and associations in/between the other classes are encrypted through symetric encryption based on the key/password stored in the device.
I misunderstood the colour codings in the previous design. I have deleted both comments.
- The association from
The more I thought about my earlier proposal, the less happy I got with it. The main issue is that the split between what's "public" and what's private, is gone. The engine code has no access to the users private key, so needs to deal with "public" data. In my earlier proposal, this public data was available through the same objects that have the private data. That feels bad.
Here is an alternative that doesn't have that, and still is better structured, with more logical names than the original design:
Orange means encrypted with the app password. Magenta means encrypted with the user's public key.I've made the color coding more explicit.
Some highlight of difference in comparison with the original design:
- The association between
Buddyis not encrypted anymore. This isn't necessary as the entire content of both objects is encrypted.
- Buddy is split, a second class
BuddyAnonymizedis added. This class is public and anonymized.
- The functionality of
Accessor(which was vague indeed) is replaced by
UserAnonymizedin combination with
Messageis now a class instead of an interface and it has an association with the user related to the message (the one sending it, in case of buddy related messages, or the one causing it in case of a goal conflict message).
- There is now a base class for the buddy connect and response messages, with the message and the association to the user and the related buddy object.
Ron van der Wijngaard, Aris van Dijk & Rine le Comte: please provide feedback.
To me it seems complete. The two-colour coding helps me to understand it better .
For security we have to check that all routes by black arrows to a certain class C from/to UserAnonymized and User do not use the same instances of C:
- Message has a relation to UserAnonymized and also a relation from User (namedDestination) (both black arrows). Can Messages in the named inbox of the User have this relation? If so, I can link User and UserAnonymized.
- Same should be checked for relations (black arrows) to Goal: if the same instances are shared between the Buddy goals and the UserAnonymized goals we may have a problem. Solution is to always construct the Goal.
- The association between
Jan Bosch, Cornelis Bosch: I have some questions regarding the mobile app, which is not covered by this page. I think it may be important to:
- List specific requirements of the mobile app, e.g. VPN support, access to read active apps on the phone at any moment
- Do some research which target technologies can be used to implement these specific requirements
Otherwise after we complete the server it may turn out that no technology on iOS/Android/Windows mobiles supports these requirements... I would like to be sure that the app is really something that is not impossible to create before our server is ready.


text:
DALLAS (CBSDFW.COM) – The superintendent of the Dallas Independent School District will report to work as scheduled on Tuesday. School board trustees met late into Monday night, but failed to get the votes necessary to fire Mike Miles. The school district now turns its focus on moving forward past the controversy.
An outside investigation had revealed that Miles interfered with a separate investigation on him, which violated policy.
Some members of the Board of Trustees wanted Miles to be fired. But the vote failed 3 to 5. During the Monday night meeting, which finally ended close to midnight, the Dallas ISD decided to let Miles keep his position as head of the school district, with some key changes made to his contract. He is no longer up for an automatic one-year contract extension for doing a good job. And when it comes to making any major decisions about an administration staff member's job, Miles must first let the school board know about the situation.
Also, the school board performed an evaluation of Miles and determined that there are areas where he can improve. Miles has been given a 90-day growth plan as a part of the disciplinary action.
"As of tonight, we move on and work towards improving our distirct and repairing relationships," said Eric Cowan, president of the Board of Trustees, just after the meeting.
Rena Honea is the president of teachers group Alliance-AFT. She stated, "While they have taken steps to try and make amends for what the superintendent has done, there's still a lot out in the field that have no confidence in his leadership, and that's going to be very difficult."
Since Miles is now able to keep his job, Honea explained, it is in the best interest of the students and staff members to see that he is able to work well with everybody.
Miles did not offer any comments after the Monday night meeting, but he did agree to all of the terms.
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text:
Yoselin Torres Tovar, 20, pleaded guilty to one felony count of second degree murder during the second day of her trial. She is expected to be sentenced to 16 years in state prison at her sentencing June 1.
Tovar gave birth to a baby girl in the bathroom of her family's Fullerton home in April 2010, when she was 18. She then stabbed the newborn multiple times, wrapped the body up and hid it in her closet. None of her family members knew she was pregnant.
After discovering blood on Tovar, family members took her St. Jude Hospital in Fullerton where it was discovered that she had just given birth. Doctors alerted police, who found the baby's body that night.


text:
|Academic staff
|II semestre
|Gino Mariotto
|II semestre
|Gino Mariotto
|II semestre
|Nicola Daldosso
|Esercitazioni [II° turno]
|II semestre
|Nicola Daldosso
|Esercitazioni [I° turno]
|II semestre
|Nicola Daldosso
The teaching course of Physics I with Laboratory contributes to the achievement of the training objectives of the three year degree in Applied Mathematics by providing: - the basic elements of the scientific method, even with the help of laboratory experiments, in order to show that physics is a quantitative science based on the measurement of physical quantities; - the basic knowledge of classical mechanics of the particle, of the particle systems and of the rigid body; - the guidelines useful for the resolution of exercises and problems of classical mechanics. At the end of the course, the student must demonstrate to: - have adequate abilities to analyse and to abstract typical physical situations of the particle mechanics, of the particle systems and of the rigid body; - be able to produce rigorous proofs, and mathematically formalize problems of the particle mechanics, of the particle systems and of the rigid body formulated in natural language; - have the ability to build and develop mathematical models for physics and analyse their application limits. - be able to set up and perform some simple experiments for the measure of various physical quantities and the subsequent representation (histograms and graphs) as well as the analysis of the collected data.
The teaching course of Physics I with Laboratory consists of two distinct modules, a Theory module (9 CFUs) and a Laboratory module (3 CFUs), delivered in a coordinated and functional way to ensure the student learning within the lesson schedule.
The Theory module provides basic knowledge of Classical Mechanics through the derivation of the laws and principles governing the motion of the bodies, as well as the elements useful for resolving exercises and problems of the particle dynamics, of the dynamics of particle systems and of the rigid body. The main topics covered in this module are: Physical quantities and their measurement. Dimensional analysis. Kinematics of the particle: reference frames, displacement, velocity and acceleration vectors. One- dimensional motion. Motions in two and three dimensions. Relative motions. Principle of classic relativity. Dynamics of the particle. Newton's law and its applications. Work and energy. Conservation of mechanical energy. Dynamics of particle systems. Collision's dynamics. Dynamics of rigid body (hints).
The Laboratory module aims at providing the essential elements of the experimental method, demonstrating that physics is a quantitative science based on measurement of physical quantities and on the evaluation of the measurement uncertainties due to instrument resolution and random errors. The main topics covered in this module are the basics of the experimental method and the theory of measurement errors applied to the analysis of experimental data related to some simple experiments (such as measurement with different length tools, oscillation period of a pendulum simple, verification of elastic stretching law).
The recommended reference texts and the bibliography useful to preparing the final exam are:
A) Theory Module:
U. Gasparini, M. Margoni, F. Simonetto
Fisica. Meccanica e Termodinamica
Casa Editrice Piccin, Padova 2019 (I edizione)
P. Mazzoldi, M. Nigro, C. Voci
Fisica - Vol. 1: Meccanica – Termodinamica
EdiSES s.r.l., Napoli (Seconda edizione, ultima ristampa)
G. Mazzoldi, A. Saggion, C. Voci
Problemi di Fisica Generale: Meccanica e Termodinamica
Edizioni Libreria Cortina, Padova 1994 (ultima ristampa)
B) Laboratory Module
John R. Taylor
Introduzione all'analisi degli errori (lo studio delle incertezze nelle misure fisiche) (Edizione 2)
Zanichelli, 1999
Some notes and exercises useful for preparing for the final exam will be available on the web page:
The didactic methods of the teaching course of Physics I with Laboratory are differentiated for the two modules.
The Theory module, which is articulated in lessons and frontal exercises, is entirely delivered in the classroom. In order to help the student in the understanding and learning of the laws and principles of classical mechanics, systematic reference to phenomenology will be made during the frontal lessons. The course is supplemented by the solution in classroom of exercises and problems (kinematics and dynamics) in order to help the student to face and pass the written test of the final exam. In addition to the hours of the theory module, a tutorial activity is provided frontally in the classroom and specifically devoted to recalls and complements of analysis and vector geometry as well as to resolution of additional exercises and problems. Finally, in order to allow the student to verify his level of learning, a written test of "in-itinere" assessment, focused on the kinematics and dynamics of particle, is also scheduled.
The Laboratory module is divided into a part of lessons on the chalkboard about the experimental method and theory of the measurement errors, and a second part consisting of the experiments carried out by the students in the laboratory, for which there is a requirement for frequency. Laboratory activities are organized in groups of 4 students each and concern the execution of simple experiments involving the measurement of physical quantities, the analysis of collected data and the processing of related errors as well as the elaboration of a relationship with the discussion of the experiment results.
The examination of the teaching course of Physics I with Laboratory consists of a series of independent knowledge verifications for the two modules of Theory and of Laboratory, for each of which the evaluation is in thirty and will contribute to determining the overall rating according to the weight criterion based on the CFUs number of the specific module.
A) Theory Course:
The final exam consists of both a written test and an oral interview, to which the student is admitted after having overcome the written test. The written test is considered to be overcome when the related vote achieved by the student is not less than 18/30. Examination methods for the theory module are the same for attending and non-attending students.
The two written and oral tests are aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge acquired by the student within the theory teaching module:
The written test concerns the resolution of some typical problems of mechanics of the particle, of particle systems, and of the rigid body, which include the application of laws and derived principles (both enunciated and demonstrated) during frontal lessons and systematically recalled during classroom exercises. Part of the written test may be carried out by passing the "in-itinere" assessment test.
The oral examination consists of an interview with questions about the classroom developed program related to the derivation of physical laws and the demonstration of the theorems and conservation principles of the particle dynamics, of particle systems and of the rigid body.
For the theoretical module, a cumulative evaluation is obtained by making the arithmetic mean of the evaluations obtained in both written and oral tests exceeded.
B) Laboratory Course:
For the lab module, an ongoing and a final group's report on the simple pendulum experiment is evaluated, the evaluation being also expressed in thirty.
The overall assessment of the examination of the teaching course of Physics I with laboratory will be the average, weighted on the number of the module CFUs, of the marks achieved in the assessment tests for each of the two modules (Theory and Laboratory).
|John R. Taylor
|Introduzione all'analisi degli errori (lo studio delle incertezze nelle misure fisiche) (Edizione 2)
|Paolo Fornasini
|The Uncertainty in Physical Measurements (An introduction to data analysis in the Physics Laboratory)
|John R. Taylor
|Introduzione all'analisi degli errori (lo studio delle incertezze nelle misure fisiche) (Edizione 2)
|Paolo Fornasini
|The Uncertainty in Physical Measurements (An introduction to data analysis in the Physics Laboratory)
|John R. Taylor
|Introduzione all'analisi degli errori (lo studio delle incertezze nelle misure fisiche) (Edizione 2)


text:
It looks like Ultrabooks may indeed be catching Apple's attention. Bloomberg reports that Apple will be launching refreshed versions of the MacBook Pro which will use Ivy Bridge processors, have a slimmer body, high resolution retina display, and include "flash memory to cut startup times and extend battery life".
Bloomberg cites the source of this information as "people with knowledge of the plans" who didn't want to be identified — fairly common for pre-announcement Apple information:
The MacBook Pro machines, to be unveiled at Apple's annual developers conference starting June 11, also will feature high- definition screens like those on the iPhone and iPad, as well as flash memory to cut startup times and extend battery life…
Apple's new laptops will run on Intel's new processors, code-named Ivy Bridge, and will have a slimmed-down body design from the current 0.95-inch (2.4 centimeter) thickness…
An Ivy Bridge CPU refresh is pretty much a no-brainier; we'll certainly see Core i5 and Core i7 options from any new MacBook. MacRumors reports that benchmarks for unreleased MacBook models are appearing in the Geekbench benchmark database. Listed there is an entry for a 'MacBookPro9,1', which corresponds to an unreleased MacBook Pro model. The entry lists an Intel Core i7-3820QM @ 2.70 GHz along with 8GB of 1600MHz DDR3 RAM which scored 12252 on the benchmark. It's unclear from the benchmark whether or not an SSD or HDD is present.
Apple already uses flash storage in the MacBook Air which allows it to resume from standby nearly instantly, just like Ultrabooks with Intel's Rapid Start technology. The MacBook Pro can be optionally equipped with a 128GB, 256GB, or 512GB SSD, but doing so increases the price significantly (+$200 for 128GB, +$600 for 256GB, and +$1200 for 512GB!). Clearly Apple can't just slap SSDs into the MacBook Pro by default, as it would drastically increase the price. However, Apple could take a page out of the Ultrabook playbook by adding a small supplemental SSD 'performance cache' which wouldn't be as pricey, but would still offer enhanced responsiveness. The latter would of course require that Apple make space for such a cache!
A retina display is possible. We know that Apple has the know-how to make displays beyond HD thanks to the tremendous 2048×1536 (263.92 PPI) display on the latest iPad. The biggest questions to be asked about a retina display are whether or not it is necessary on a laptop and whether or not it is practical from a cost standpoint. For one, laptops are quite different from tablets — tablets are used at varying distances while laptops tend to stay at a static distance. Given that laptops aren't often used to close to the eyes, one would think that a 1080p resolution would suffice. The cost factor is interesting as well. On the one hand, Apple managed to add the retina display to the latest iPad without increasing the price. On the other hand, at least one analyst thinks that the screen would increase the production cost of a MacBook pro by around $100, as CNET reports. From CNET's story, NPD DisplaySearch Senior Analyst Richard Shim says that the screens Apple would be likely to use are 15.4″ @ 2880 x 1800 (220 PPI) and 13.3″ @ 2560 x 1600 (227 PPI).
The closest Ultrabook competitor, in terms of resolution, to a retina-display-equipped MacBook Pro would be the forthcoming Zenbook Prime series from Asus (UX21A and UX31S) which will be offered with full 1080p HD displays, and are likely to launch around Computex at the beginning of June.
As for thinning up the MacBook Pro, it does seem obvious, but Apple surely doesn't want to step on the toes of the MacBook Air. The Air, which has been Apple's ultraportable since its introduction in 2008, is now in its fourth generation and will likely be releasing a fifth generation alongside the upcoming MacBook Pro refresh. Unless Apple wants to collapse the Air and Pro series into a single series (I doubt they do!), then it is important that they offer differentiation between the two. If Apple does a complete redesign of the MacBook Pro it will likely be thinner, but the question then becomes how thin? How thin can Apple push the MacBook Pro before it is indistinguishable from the MacBook Air? Apple is the only one that can answer that question — I'm very curious to see how they handle it.


text:
Michael Aram White Orchid 6 Compartment Plate
The Michael Aram White Orchid Collection illuminates the ethereal spirit of the orchid flower. Evocative of purity, delicacy, femininity and grace, the white metal version offers a strikingly different appeal than its black counterpart. While the sculpture is just as exuberant and detailed, in white, these flowers take on a simplicity that is completely unique. There is a sense of lightness, freshness and even innocence - each petal seemingly untouched and pure.
*This 6 compartment dish is often used as a seder plate for Passover.
Made with Nickelplate and Stainless Steel.
Size: 11.25"L x 10.25"W x 2.25"H


text:
Errors are listed in numerical order. Error messages for future release are labeled with an asterisk (*). Not all numbers are used.
Screenshots are NOT provided, as the user interface may differ across operating systems.
Numbers designate specific errors, and number ranges indicate specific error types, as follows:
- 1000s - Early Warning System errors
- 2000s and 3000s - application errors
- 4000s - not currently used
- 5000s - authentication errors
- 6000s - program state and related network communication errors.
- 7000s - program navigation and related network communication errors
- 8000s and 9000s - Pearson server communication errors
- 10000s* and 11000s - scoring CAT server warnings and errors


text:
We don't care about guest stars, or bomb plots, or even Keith and Alicia — there's only one thing we care about in Weapons Of Class Destruction (1.18)!
We Used To Be Friends is no longer a commentary track podcast, so make sure you've already seen Weapons of Class Destruction before you listen!
- To help us do more, stop by our Patreon page!
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- Veronica Mars
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Real Houses Straight Out Of Cartoons
The cartoons of our youth, or extended adolescence, took place in enchanted locales that frequently found a way into our hearts. Some of these locales were directly inspired by — or directly inspired — esports betting canada real-world analogues you can actually visit. Whether you do so as a tourist or vicariously through this article just depends on your budget. Let's take a look at these cartoon fantasy homes and see what they inspire in us.
The Up house
Disregarding such tedious concepts as "common sense" that would make it seem impossible, a team from National Geographic's series How Hard Could It Be? decided to bring the house from the Pixar movie Up into the real world. They tethered 300 eight foot diameter balloons to a 16'x16′ lightweight "house" and managed to pilot it with people inside for a flight. The stunt set a record for the "largest balloon cluster flight ever attempted." Take that, intangible poignant metaphor for closure in the wake of love lost!
There's also the "Edith Macefield House" in Seattle. A local landmark, the quaint little home and its stubborn elderly owner refused to relocate as taller, more modern buildings were eventually erected around it. While Pixar claims the house in the film wasn't directly inspired by any real-life home, it bears an uncanny resemblance, and locals have been calling it "The Up House" ever since the film's release. Visitors frequently tie balloons to the fence in the movie's honor. Inspiration or not, the house has captured the imagination of so many visitors it may wind up with a film of its own.
The Simpsons house
In 1997, building company Kaufman and Broad painstakingly went over 100 episodes of reference material to create as accurate a replica of The Simpsons' 742 Evergreen Terrace home as possible. Constructed in Henderson, Nevada, the house stood out — even after it lost its cartoon color scheme, graffiti by Matt Groening, and custom furniture. Tourists can easily point it out as being the only one in the neighborhood with a chimney (which doesn't actually work) and a shingled roof, rather than the Spanish tile that tops the other houses in the area.
Unfortunately for The Simpsons fans, the house was repainted to boring normal house colors and the custom furnishings and decorations auctioned off. Since the house was built for a contest, the winner declined ownership of the home in favor of a cash prize. But for a couple glorious weeks, it was open to the public.
Jetsons-like architecture
While The Jetsons itself takes place in the far flung future of… a couple decades from now, its general aesthetic is solidly set in late-1950s/early-1960s futurism. As documented by Smithsonian Magazine, the work of Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer and former Frank Llloyd Wright apprentice John Lautner were huge influences on the design work on The Jetsons. The sweeping curves, sloping roofs, and walls of glass and steel that makes every building look like a spaceship are all hallmarks of a style called "Googie" that was popular during the time of The Jetsons' development. The interiors frequently resemble those of Charles Schridde's futuristic Motorola ads of the time.
If you're more interested in finding a home of your own in this style rather than geeking out on fantasy or industrial architecture, there's a 1998 Jetsons-like home designed by architect Bing Hu in Scottsdale, Arizona, which sold for $2.1 million in May, 2017.
The Flintstones house
With Dick Clark's passing in 2012, a home appeared on the market that was literally a page right out of history. Structured like a rock formation to blend in with the mountains of the nearby national park, the Malibu home carries all the primitive curvilinear rock-hewn aesthetics of homes in The Flintstones, but with a modern touch. It's an amazing looking place with a breathtaking view, and if you're the kind of person that can spare three million plus for a one bedroom house, it might be a perfect fit. For the rest of us… well those are some pretty entertaining photos.
That's not the only place, that looks like it's straight out of Bedrock, however. There's an actual rock-carved home in Portugal which has become a popular tourist attraction because of its cartoonish look. Unfortunately, all that attention has also brought burglary attempts, which has led the house's owners to increase its security with a steel door and bullet-proof windows.
Barbie Malibu dream home
You can't really get much more extravagant than a full-size Barbie dream home. Berlin, Germany hosted an enormous 25,000 square foot life-size replica of Barbie's dream house that was so lavish it had pink dolphins swimming in the toilets. Apparently Germans have some weird ideas about what counts as "lavish." Computer terminals throughout allowed visitors to bake virtual cupcakes and other activities, there was an indoor salon and wardrobes for trying on fashionable clothes, and a giant pink piano was available to play.
In Sawgrass Mall in Sunrise, Florida they have a smaller but no less impressive 10,000 square foot real life Barbie house you can explore. Visitors can get a glam up Barbie-style makeover experience from staff, explore life size versions of classic Barbie rooms and furniture, play with many interactive features and view displays of hundreds of dolls. Both versions have a collectible commemorative Barbie, because we all know fans can't resist buying the same doll with one new signifying feature over and over again.
Snoopy's doghouse
This one unfortunately doesn't offer a tour inside, but there is a larger than full-sized replica of Snoopy's iconic red doghouse that's used as an information booth at the Charles Schultz Peanuts Museum in Santa Rosa, California. Of course, they may just not let you inside the doghouse out of worry you will fly it off the property in search of The Red Baron.
The Charles Schultz museum also contains another, slightly more obscure iteration of the house. Environmental artists Cristo and Jeanne-Claude created a real-life replica of the "wrapped Snoopy doghouse" that appeared in a 1978 Peanuts comic strip as a tribute to their artwork.
There's an awful lot of real-life Batcaves
Batcave? Or Batman-themed mancave? Often it's a fine line these men choose to walk.
For instance, an extremely wealthy Australian man had architectural firm Molecule create a startlingly accurate version of the underground garage from The Dark Knight. Another Bat-fan, this one living in Delaware, actually factored whether he could fit the Batcave of his dreams into the choice of home he bought. The finished product is hidden behind a secret door that opens with a hidden button and houses a full home theater.
For those of us without personal Batcave money, dedicated fans might be interested to know that the actual cave used in the 1960s Batman television series is a place you can actually visit. For free.
Of course, if your Batman fetish gets a bit… fetishy, the Eden Motel in Taiwan has a special Batman suite. It also rents by the hour. Maybe some folks can get a little too much into their favorite childhood cartoons.
Mickey and Minnie Mouse's house
From 1988 to 2011, Disney's Toontown Fair in Disney World allowed tours of full-size replicas of the houses of both Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse. Both held a similarly quaint but wacky decor, allowing visitors to pretend to raid cheese-filled fridges, watch cakes rise in the oven, and take pictures sitting on the furniture. While these were discontinued after an expansion of Fantasyland closed Toontown Fair, there still remains a similar tour at Disneyland. However, it's not quite the same, as visitors have noted the structure of the house and nearby Movie Barn are basically an extended queue for families looking to take a picture with Mickey Mouse, rather than an exhibit itself.
Snow White cottages
The houses in the film Snow White were very likely inspired by these early 1930s homes in Los Feliz, California, considering they stand a few blocks from Disney's original animation studio. Built during a short period of time when "storybook style" homes were in vogue, the deliberately dilapidated-looking houses proved difficult to insure by later owners. The houses are still available to rent, however.
On the opposite end of the West Coast, tucked away in Ollala, Washington, is a quirky fairy tale bungalow. An ongoing DIY construction project from the 1970s until its sale to the current owner in 2005, the interior is precisely what you would expect from the outside. Round doors, a tree house, plaster icicles in the kitchen, and a fireplace in every bedroom makes the layout cozy, but also a little confusing. Rounding out its fairy-tale feel, you can only access the kitchen through a hollow tree trunk, nothing is built to standard size and shape, and there's not a square corner in the place.


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The Catholic Church has been devoted to spreading truth since she was founded by Christ 2,000 years ago. The late Archbishop Fulton Sheen once said, "It is easy to find truth; it is hard to face it, and harder still to follow it." Pray that Christ will lead you to find truth, and that your heart will be open to the truth wherever you may find it.
Within each topic, you will find common questions asked by Catholics and non-Catholics about certain Catholic beliefs. After reading through the explanations we have provided, take time to learn more by using the many links we have provided in each section.
Apologetics Links: These pages will help you gain a better understanding of what the Church teaches and why.
Biblical Passages: Here you will find biblical citations and origins for Catholic teachings.
Catechism of the Catholic Church: This feature will link you to passages in the online Catechism, which will help you understand the specifics of the Church's position and teaching on various topics.
Church Fathers: Please read some of the writings of the early Church Fathers to see how what they wrote about the early Church still speaks to what the Catholic Church teaches to this day.
Suggested Books: The Catholic Church has been blessed with many knowledgeable writers, theologians and philosophers over the years. This feature will give you some reading recommendations so you can dive further into some of the topics you are most interested in learning more about!
Information courtesy CatholicsComeHome.org >>Read More>>>


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This is my new 7 minute workout app this I just released today, Scientific 7 Minute Workout. I would love to get some feedback if I could! Google Play link Link to actual APK http://i.imgur.com/FOkwbRI.png?1 What is the 7 Minute Workout? If yo...
SmartSilence is my Android app on the Google Play store that I have just released yesterday, and any feedback would be much appreciated. http://i.imgur.com/g5bBz7W.png?1 What is SmartSilence? This app allows you to put in the times during the we...
Today I have released my document scanning app on Android after coming to 2 realizations about current document scanning apps on Google Play: 1) The Pro versions are way too expensive. 2) The current scanning apps are too convoluted and requir...
Today I have released my latest app, Frequency. I'd love to get some feedback and suggestions about the app if I could! Google Play link Link to actual .apk http://i.imgur.com/HlVnQSI.png?1 http://i.imgur.com/dbMykoC.jpg?1 What is Frequency? ...
This is my new Unit Conversion app released today, HoloConvert. I felt that all of the current Android unit conversion apps are ugly and many aren't powerful enough, so I decided to make one of my own with a Holo interface in mind. I recieved grea...


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By admin on December 14, 2017
What better way after a day of shredding the slopes than to unwind having a few beers? How about a craft beer festival? Better yet, how about a beer festival featuring live music? Sounds like a dream, right? Well, consider your dreams granted. Join us at Snowshoe Mountain for the Winter Brew Fest sponsored Big Timber Brewing. The details are as follows:
December 16, 2017 from 5pm until 8pm with registration opening up at 430pm and closing at 7:45pm.
Snowshoe Resort
10 Snowshoe Dr
10 Snowshoe Dr, Snowshoe WV 26209 (Pocahontas County)
While the period to obtain the $20 pre-booked tickets has ended, you can still grab the $25 advance tickets all the way up until December 15th. Tickets purchased on the day of the event will run you $30. Advanced tickets will be held at the mountain and can be collected at either The Depot or any Front Desk location at the Snowshoe Resort prior to heading to the Connection Nightclub for registration. Just as a reminder, this event is a 21 and over festival and you will need to show proper ID in order to get in.
First things first, the real main event, the BEER. Check out the following participants:
And certainly not to be missed, the Snowshoe Mountain music:
5pm: Ghost Eagle
7pm: The Hillbilly Gypsies
And just because the pouring stops at 8, doesn't mean the party does. DJ Judd starts spinning tunes at 8:30.
Why: The real question is why not? It's an event not to be missed by both snow and beer lovers. See you at the slopes and the taps on Sunday, December 16th in Snowshoe WV!


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New Electronics brings you a selection of in depth Know-how Articles, masking key issues and improvements inside research & development, embedded design, energy, communications design, take a look at & measurement, programmable logic, system design and more. Some of the most poignant criticisms of know-how are present in what are actually thought-about to be dystopian literary classics equivalent to Aldous Huxley 's Brave New World , Anthony Burgess 's A Clockwork Orange , and George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-4 In Goethe's Faust , Faust promoting his soul to the satan in return for energy over the bodily world can be often interpreted as a metaphor for the adoption of industrial technology.
Established in 2003 by Professor Bob Stone, Birmingham College's Human Interface Technologies (HIT) Workforce, primarily based within the college's College of Electronic, Electrical and Techniques Engineering (EESE) has been a pioneer in the improvement of interactive media and telerobotic applied sciences within the UK, constructing on Stone's long experience in virtual actuality (VR), augmented reality (AR), combined actuality, simulation and telerobotics.
This is not to counsel that crying is all individuals will do in VR. The purpose of a killer app isn't to exhaust a platform's potential, but to supply an entrypoint into it. Once you get a essential mass of individuals using a expertise, they determine different issues to do with it. But VR wants a gateway drug – and virtualized distress can perform that operate.
The HP-S4253 from Samsung is a superb alternative if you are looking for a wide display HD plasma TV that you simply and the household can enjoy films on. You may also plug your LAPTOP into the tv, so to work on-line on a giant display screen; this turns out to be useful when you find yourself getting a slide show prepared for work and wish to know simply how it will look on a projector, or in case you are working on a class venture and wish to use large screen technology to make every part come collectively.
When investing in digital apps for examine-ins, room service and different customer-oriented digital interactions, lodge operators are investing in systems and technologies that may personalise the experience for company, including a visitor's identify being displayed on the welcome desk at a digital examine-in station; their meals preferences or past purchases being displayed in a digital room-service order system; and similar.


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Lawn Care – Treatment and Mowing
A well-cared for lawn is possibly the most important feature of your garden as it often takes up the most space and can create a beautiful setting for borders, trees and other features. As this aspect of garden maintenance is so important, lawn care is one of the services we offer so that your garden can look its very best. After all, your grass is just another plant that has certain requirements that are needed to help it thrive.
Mowing is an aspect of garden maintenance that is required regularly. During the growing season, we mow most of our customers' lawns on a weekly basis. Early and later on in the year, mowing is carried out as and when required. When mowing lawns we always use Honda rotary mowers with rollers, which we find give the best results in most conditions. By using a roller mower you can achieve those pleasing stripes that everyone wants on their lawn.
When mowing lawns we always use a strimmer to trim around the edges of the lawn and around other features such as climbing frames and trees (whilst being careful not to catch the bark or stem).
Lawn Care Treatments
Lawns are often the most overlooked part of the garden, yet they often take up the largest area. Lawns need to be cared for because, unlike other plants, they take the most abuse. Lawn care with all its facets is vital to make sure that any weeds and moss that would grow in them are kept to a minimum. Through careful management, application of selective herbicides, feeds and good husbandry care the lawn can be kept dark green and lush.
Scarification is the raking of moss and thatch out of the lawn to let it breathe. This is carried out in September/October depending on the weather conditions. Aeration should be carried out with a hollow tine aerator, which removes small cores of soil to relieve compaction. Following the aeration process, we apply the top dressing evenly and brush it into the previously made holes, which help feed the grass by increasing nutrients in the root zone.
We can also provide you with Feed and Weed treatments throughout the year. Feed and Weed treatments are the perfect way to keep on top of the weeds growing in your lawn whilst ensuring your lawn has all the nutrients it needs to grow healthily and vibrantly.
Contact us for a quote on your lawn maintenance work, whether your garden is large or small.


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Concussion Grenade
Like frag grenades, concussion grenades (sometimes called 'conkers') are a form of antipersonnel explosive, but generate a powerful shockwave rather than a hail of shrapnel. They find particular popularity with the Imperial Navy, where the close-quarters nature of shipboard combat easily sees them put to optimal use.
Shockwave: +2ED against targets in cover
Concussion Grenade: (7 +1ED; AP 0; Range Str x 4m [T], as launcher [R]; Salvo 0; Blast(Medium))
Value: 3 (Uncommon)
Keywords: Explosive, Imperium
page revision: 7, last edited: 22 Jan 2019 04:00


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The new way of
booking is No Profit.
Visit Florence on a budget is possible without sacrificing comfort. Guests can choose economical and functional hotel, bed & breakfasts, hostels and guest houses in various parts of the city. A selection of comfortable facilities that will satisfy every budget.
Go online and book your next trip to Florence.
Select a project you would like us to support.
Have a positive impact on the city you visited.
A perfect combination between a classic atmosphere and modern facilities. The location of the hotel allows guests to visit on foot all the historical centre of Florence. More...
District: San Marco
3 stars budget hotel in the centre of Florence right in Via Nazionale. Within a walking distance from the central rail station of Santa Maria Novella, this hotel offers simple but functional rooms featuring all essential comforts. More...
District: San Lorenzo
Affordable accommodation located in the Novoli quarter in the neighborhood of Florence centre. Well serviced by bus transfers, the hotel has been recently refurbished. More...
District: Porta al Prato
A convenient stay in the Novoli quarter, this Hotel is Located a few steps away from the Cascine Park the green area of Florence that spans along the banks of the Arno River. More...
District: Porta al Prato


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Knitting and crocheting can make whatever you want with just a hooker or a pair of needles! No one will ever buy a scarf cooler than the one you made. Flaunt your favorite hobby with this cute knitting shirt!
Please Note: Sizes Are Approximate
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